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Yao L, Zhao L, Liu F, Al-Bukhaiti WQ, Huang X, Lin T, Qiu SX. New stilbenes from Cajanus cajan inhibit adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes through down-regulation of PPARγ. Bioorg Chem 2024; 153:107851. [PMID: 39368142 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/07/2024]
Abstract
Two new stilbenes, denominated Cajanotone B (CAB) and Cajanotone C (CAC), were isolated from the leaves of Cajanus cajan. In this study, the structures of CAB and CAC were unambiguously elucidated by a combination of various spectral methods. Both compounds significantly inhibited the adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by reducing the lipid accumulation, triglyceride content and FFA secretion. CAB and CAC also substantially inhibit the mRNA expression of HSL, ATGL, C/EBPα and PPARγ as deciphered based by RT-PCR assay. Down-regulation of PPAR is believed to be the primary mechanism underlying which CAB and CAC inhibited adipogenic differentiation because the lipid-promoting activity of PPAR agonists can be counteracted by these compounds. The molecular interaction between CAB/CAC and PPARγ was revealed with the help of molecular docking. Taken together, CAB and CAC could serve as new lead compounds with the potential to speed up the development of novel lipid-lowering and weight-control therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Yao
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Laboratory of Natural Product Chemical Biology, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China; South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, PR China; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Liyun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Laboratory of Natural Product Chemical Biology, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China
| | - Fen Liu
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Laboratory of Natural Product Chemical Biology, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China; South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, PR China; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Wedad Q Al-Bukhaiti
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Laboratory of Natural Product Chemical Biology, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China; South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, PR China; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Xiaobao Huang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Laboratory of Natural Product Chemical Biology, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China; Visiting Student from the Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA
| | - Tingting Lin
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Laboratory of Natural Product Chemical Biology, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China
| | - Sheng-Xiang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Laboratory of Natural Product Chemical Biology, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China; South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, PR China.
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Olechno E, Puścion-Jakubik A, Socha K, Pipino C, Zujko ME. Consumption of Chokeberry Bio-Products Improves Specific Metabolic Parameters and Increases the Plasma Antioxidant Status. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:699. [PMID: 38929138 PMCID: PMC11200734 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Because of its high antioxidant activity, chokeberry can be used both in the prevention and treatment of various metabolic disorders. In this study, for the first time, the synergistic effects of chokeberry juice and chokeberry fiber on selected metabolic and anthropometric parameters were assessed during a 90-day intervention including 102 people (67 women and 35 men). After 60 days of intervention with chokeberry juice, statistically significant increases in the muscle mass and antioxidant potential of the serum were observed. In turn, there were decreases in the waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, glycated hemoglobin, glucose, LDL cholesterol, eGFR, and ALT level. The addition of chokeberry fiber for the next 30 days resulted in stabilizations of the diastolic blood pressure, glycated hemoglobin, glucose, and waist circumference, as well as reductions in the values of the heart rate, LDL cholesterol, insulin, and AST level. After 90 days, a significant increase in the FRAP value was also observed. This intervention indicates that chokeberry products may have a beneficial effect on metabolic health and serve as a foundation for developing functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Olechno
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Białystok, Szpitalna 37 Street, 15-295 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Anna Puścion-Jakubik
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2D Street, 15-222 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Socha
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2D Street, 15-222 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Caterina Pipino
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, G. d’Annunzio University, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Małgorzata Elżbieta Zujko
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Białystok, Szpitalna 37 Street, 15-295 Białystok, Poland;
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La Torre C, Loizzo MR, Frattaruolo L, Plastina P, Grisolia A, Armentano B, Cappello MS, Cappello AR, Tundis R. Chemical Profile and Bioactivity of Rubus idaeus L. Fruits Grown in Conventional and Aeroponic Systems. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1115. [PMID: 38674524 PMCID: PMC11053529 DOI: 10.3390/plants13081115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) is a fruit of great interest due to its aroma, nutritional properties, and the presence of many bioactive compounds. However, differences among cultivation systems can affect its composition and, consequently, its potential bioactivity. Herein, for the first time, raspberries grown in an aeroponic system were investigated for their chemical profile and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, as well as their enzyme (α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase) inhibitory properties in comparison to wild and conventionally cultivated fruits. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) analyses revealed the presence of gallic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, rutin, and catechin in all the samples. The extracts exhibited in vitro anti-inflammatory activity (inhibition of nitric oxide production) regardless of the cultivation method. Of particular interest is the ability of raspberries to inhibit pancreatic lipase. With the exception of the β-carotene bleaching test, the raspberries grown in conventional and aeroponic systems were more active in terms of antioxidants than wild fruits, as evidenced by the ABTS (IC50 in the range 1.6-3.4 μg/mL), DPPH (IC50 in the range 8.9-28.3 μg/mL), and FRAP tests (24.6-44.9 μM Fe(II)/g). The raspberries from aeroponic cultivation were generally able to exert the same bioactivity as those obtained from both conventionally cultivated and wild fruits, supporting the consideration that in the future, this technology could reshape agriculture by mitigating resource constraints, fostering sustainable practices and increasing yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara La Torre
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (C.L.T.); (M.R.L.); (L.F.); (P.P.); (A.R.C.)
| | - Monica Rosa Loizzo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (C.L.T.); (M.R.L.); (L.F.); (P.P.); (A.R.C.)
| | - Luca Frattaruolo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (C.L.T.); (M.R.L.); (L.F.); (P.P.); (A.R.C.)
| | - Pierluigi Plastina
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (C.L.T.); (M.R.L.); (L.F.); (P.P.); (A.R.C.)
| | - Antonio Grisolia
- Azienda Agricola Grisolia A., Contrada Campotenese sn, 87016 Morano Calabro, Italy;
| | - Biagio Armentano
- Azienda Agricola Armentano F., Contrada Campotenese, n. 64, 87016 Morano Calabro, Italy;
| | - Maria Stella Cappello
- Institute of Science of Food Production (ISPA), Italian National Research Council, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Anna Rita Cappello
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (C.L.T.); (M.R.L.); (L.F.); (P.P.); (A.R.C.)
| | - Rosa Tundis
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (C.L.T.); (M.R.L.); (L.F.); (P.P.); (A.R.C.)
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Brezoiu AM, Deaconu M, Mitran RA, Sedky NK, Schiets F, Marote P, Voicu IS, Matei C, Ziko L, Berger D. The Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Wild Bilberry Fruit Extracts Embedded in Mesoporous Silica-Type Supports: A Stability Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:250. [PMID: 38397847 PMCID: PMC10886266 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyphenolic extracts from wild bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) have shown antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, but they are prone to degradation when exposed to environmental factors, limiting their use in biomedical applications. To overcome this issue, this study proposed the embedding of wild bilberry fruit ethanolic extracts in pristine mesoporous silica functionalized with organic groups (mercaptopropyl and propionic acid), as well as coated with fucoidan, a biopolymer. Herein, we report a stability study of free and incorporated extracts in mesoporous silica-type supports in high-humidity atmospheres at 40 °C up to 28 days, using HPLC analysis, thermal analysis, and radical scavenging activity determination. Better chemical and thermal stability over time was observed when the extracts were incorporated in mesoporous silica-type supports. After 12 months of storage, higher values of antioxidant activity were determined for the extract embedded in the supports, silica modified with mercaptopropyl groups (MCM-SH), and fucoidan-coated silica (MCM-SH-Fuc) than that of the free extract due to a synergistic activity between the support and extract. All encapsulated extracts demonstrated remarkable effects in reducing NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. The treatment with extract embedded in MCM-SH-Fuc in a dose of 10 μg/mL surpassed the effect of free extract in the same concentration. For the extract encapsulated in an MCM-SH support, a lower IC50 value (0.69 μg/mL) towards COX-2 was obtained, comparable with that of Indomethacin (0.6 μg/mL). Also, this sample showed a higher selectivity index (2.71) for COX-2 than the reference anti-inflammatory drug (0.98). The developed formulations with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties could be further used in nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Maria Brezoiu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 1-7 Gheorghe Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-M.B.); (M.D.); (I.-S.V.); (C.M.)
| | - Mihaela Deaconu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 1-7 Gheorghe Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-M.B.); (M.D.); (I.-S.V.); (C.M.)
| | - Raul-Augustin Mitran
- “Ilie Murgulescu” Institute of Physical Chemistry, Romanian Academy, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Nada K. Sedky
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hosted by Global Academic Foundation, R5 New Garden City, New Administrative Capital, Cairo 11835, Egypt; (N.K.S.); (L.Z.)
| | - Frédéric Schiets
- UMR 5280 CNRS, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ISA, 5 Rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France; (F.S.); (P.M.)
| | - Pedro Marote
- UMR 5280 CNRS, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ISA, 5 Rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France; (F.S.); (P.M.)
| | - Iulia-Stefania Voicu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 1-7 Gheorghe Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-M.B.); (M.D.); (I.-S.V.); (C.M.)
| | - Cristian Matei
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 1-7 Gheorghe Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-M.B.); (M.D.); (I.-S.V.); (C.M.)
| | - Laila Ziko
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hosted by Global Academic Foundation, R5 New Garden City, New Administrative Capital, Cairo 11835, Egypt; (N.K.S.); (L.Z.)
| | - Daniela Berger
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 1-7 Gheorghe Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-M.B.); (M.D.); (I.-S.V.); (C.M.)
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Oruganti L, Reddy Sankaran K, Dinnupati HG, Kotakadi VS, Meriga B. Anti-adipogenic and lipid-lowering activity of piperine and epigallocatechin gallate in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023; 129:1152-1159. [PMID: 33836628 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2021.1908366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to evaluate the anti-adipogenic activity of piperine (PIP) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) in 3T3-L1 cells. In cytotoxicity studies, PIP and EGCG showed IC50 values of 260 and 218 µM respectively and in combination (20 µM each) did not show cytotoxicity. Treatment with PIP and EGCG (20 µM each) significantly (p<.01) inhibited cell differentiation, lipid droplets deposition and enhanced glycerol release in 3T3-L1 cells. The secreted level of leptin was decreased but adiponectin level was increased in treated 3T3-L1 cells than untreated cells. In molecular expression studies, key adipogenic genes PPAR-γ, SREBP-1c, FAS, Fab-4, C/EBP-α and HMG-CoA reductase were markedly down-regulated but UCP-1 was up-regulated intreated 3T3-L1 cells and the same trend was observed in expression levels of selected proteins. In conclusion, our results demonstrated a combination of PIP and EGCG exhibited strong anti-adipogenic and lipid lowering effect than individual treatments due to synergism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokanatha Oruganti
- Division of Cell Culture and Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
| | - Karunakaran Reddy Sankaran
- Division of Cell Culture and Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
| | | | | | - Balaji Meriga
- Division of Cell Culture and Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
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Huang H, Luo Y, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Li Z, He R, Chen X, Dong Z. Vaccinium as Potential Therapy for Diabetes and Microvascular Complications. Nutrients 2023; 15:2031. [PMID: 37432140 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most critical global health concerns, with a fast-growing prevalence. The incidence of diabetic vascular complications is also rapidly increasing, exacerbating the burden on individuals with diabetes and the consumption of public medical resources. Despite the overall improvements in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diabetic microvascular complications in recent years, safe and effective alternative or adjunctive therapies are urgently needed. The mechanisms underlying diabetic vascular complications are complex, with hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and inflammation being the leading causes. Therefore, glycemic control, antioxidation, and anti-inflammation are considered the main targets for the treatment of diabetes and its vascular comorbidities. Vaccinium L. (Ericaceae) is a genus of plants enriched with polyphenolic compounds in their leaves and fruits. Vaccinium and its extracts have demonstrated good bioactivity in reducing blood glucose, oxidative stress, and inflammation, making them excellent candidates for the management of diabetes and diabetic vascular complications. Here, we review recent preclinical and clinical studies on the potential effect of Vaccinium on ameliorating diabetes and diabetic complications, particularly diabetic kidney disease and diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Huang
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yayong Luo
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qian Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yihan Zhang
- BYHEALTH Institute of Nutrition & Health, No. 3 Kehui 3rd Street, No. 99 Kexue Avenue Central, Huangpu District, Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Zhongxia Li
- BYHEALTH Institute of Nutrition & Health, No. 3 Kehui 3rd Street, No. 99 Kexue Avenue Central, Huangpu District, Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Ruikun He
- BYHEALTH Institute of Nutrition & Health, No. 3 Kehui 3rd Street, No. 99 Kexue Avenue Central, Huangpu District, Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zheyi Dong
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, China
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Vaccinium Species (Ericaceae): Phytochemistry and Biological Properties of Medicinal Plants. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041533. [PMID: 36838522 PMCID: PMC9966428 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The Vaccinium L. (Ericaceae) genus consists of a globally widespread and diverse genus of around 4250 species, of which the most valuable is the Vaccinioidae subfamily. The current review focuses on the distribution, history, bioactive compounds, and health-related effects of three species: cranberry, blueberry, and huckleberry. Several studies highlight that the consumption of Vaccinium spp. presents numerous beneficial health-related outcomes, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and protective effects against diabetes, obesity, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases and cardiovascular disorders. These plants' prevalence and commercial value have enhanced in the past several years; thus, the generated by-products have also increased. Consequently, the identified phenolic compounds found in the discarded leaves of these plants are also presented, and their impact on health and economic value is discussed. The main bioactive compounds identified in this genus belong to anthocyanins (cyanidin, malvidin, and delphinidin), flavonoids (quercetin, isoquercetin, and astragalin), phenolic acids (gallic, p-Coumaric, cinnamic, syringic, ferulic, and caffeic acids), and iridoids.
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Ryyti R, Hämäläinen M, Leppänen T, Peltola R, Moilanen E. Phenolic Compounds Known to Be Present in Lingonberry ( Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) Enhance Macrophage Polarization towards the Anti-Inflammatory M2 Phenotype. Biomedicines 2022; 10:3045. [PMID: 36551801 PMCID: PMC9776286 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are pleiotropic immune cells whose phenotype can polarize towards the pro-inflammatory M1 or anti-inflammatory M2 direction as a response to environmental changes. In obesity, the number of macrophages in adipose tissue is enhanced, and they shift towards the M1 phenotype. Activated M1 macrophages secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines and adipokines involved in the development of systemic low-grade inflammation, complicating obesity. Polyphenols are widely found in the vegetable kingdom and have anti-inflammatory properties. We and others have recently found that lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) supplementation is able to prevent the development of low-grade inflammation and its metabolic consequences in experimentally induced obesity. In the present study, we investigated the effects of twelve phenolic compounds known to be present in lingonberry (resveratrol, piceid, quercetin, kaempferol, proanthocyanidins, delphinidin, cyanidin, benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, coumaric acid, caffeic acid, and ferulic acid) on macrophage polarization, which is a meaningful mechanism determining the low-grade inflammation in obesity. Mouse J774 and human U937 macrophages and commercially available phenolic compounds were used in the studies. Three of the twelve compounds investigated showed an effect on macrophage polarization. Resveratrol, kaempferol, and proanthocyanidins enhanced anti-inflammatory M2-type activation, evidenced as increased expression of Arg-1 and MRC-1 in murine macrophages and CCL-17 and MRC-1 in human macrophages. Resveratrol and kaempferol also inhibited pro-inflammatory M1-type activation, shown as decreased expression of IL-6, NO, and MCP-1 in murine macrophages and TNF-α and IL-6 in human macrophages. In the further mechanistic studies, the effects of the three active compounds were investigated on two transcription factors important in M2 activation, namely on PPARγ and STAT6. Resveratrol and kaempferol were found to enhance PPARγ expression, while proanthocyanidins increased the phosphorylation of STAT6. The results suggest proanthocyanidins, resveratrol, and kaempferol as active constituents that may be responsible for the positive anti-inflammatory effects of lingonberry supplementation in obesity models. These data also extend the previous knowledge on the anti-inflammatory effects of lingonberry and encourage further studies to support the use of lingonberry and lingonberry-based products as a part of a healthy diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riitta Ryyti
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Mari Hämäläinen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Tiina Leppänen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Rainer Peltola
- Bioeconomy and Environment, Natural Resources Institute Finland, 96200 Rovaniemi, Finland
| | - Eeva Moilanen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland
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Amin R, Thalluri C, Docea AO, Sharifi‐Rad J, Calina D. Therapeutic potential of cranberry for kidney health and diseases. EFOOD 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/efd2.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ruhul Amin
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science Assam Down Town University Guwahati Assam India
| | | | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova Craiova Romania
| | | | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova Craiova Romania
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Olechno E, Puścion-Jakubik A, Zujko ME. Chokeberry (A. melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott)—A Natural Product for Metabolic Disorders? Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132688. [PMID: 35807867 PMCID: PMC9268775 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal metabolism of substances in the body can result in metabolic disorders which include obesity, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, liver disease, or cancer. Foods rich in antioxidants can help to prevent and treat various types of disorders. Chokeberry fruits are rich in polyphenols, especially cyanidins, and therefore, can show a beneficial health effect. The aim of this study was to summarize and systematize reports about the effects of chokeberry on various metabolic parameters. Studies from 2000 to 2021, published in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases, were reviewed. The review of studies shows that chokeberry may have a positive effect in dyslipidemia and hypertension and may increase the body’s antioxidant defense mechanisms. The anti-inflammatory effect, in turn, may translate into a reduction in the risk of metabolic disorders over a longer period of use. Changes in glucose levels were reported by studies in which the intervention lasted more than 10 weeks in patients with carbohydrate metabolism disorders. The effects of protecting the liver, inhibiting platelet aggregation, lowering uric acid levels, and having a protective effect on the kidneys require additional confirmation in human clinical trials. Consumption of chokeberry fruit did not impact on anthropometric measurements; however, it seems that chokeberry fruit can be recommended in many metabolic disorders due to the richness of bioactive ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Olechno
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Białystok, Szpitalna 37 Street, 15-295 Białystok, Poland; (E.O.); (M.E.Z.)
| | - Anna Puścion-Jakubik
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2D Street, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-85-748-54-69
| | - Małgorzata Elżbieta Zujko
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Białystok, Szpitalna 37 Street, 15-295 Białystok, Poland; (E.O.); (M.E.Z.)
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Solid-State Fermented Okara with Aspergillus spp. Improves Lipid Metabolism and High-Fat Diet Induced Obesity. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12030198. [PMID: 35323642 PMCID: PMC8949957 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12030198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Okara is a major by-product of soymilk and tofu production. Despite retaining abundant nutrients after the process, okara is often under-utilized. In this study, solid-state fermentation (SSF) of okara was carried out using a koji starter (containing both Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus sojae) with the intention of releasing its untapped nutrients. Its effects on lipid metabolism in diet-induced obesity (DIO) were observed. The nutritional profile of fermented okara was elucidated using the following parameters: total phenolic content (TPC), pH, protein content, dietary fiber, amino acid content, and free sugar content. In vivo experiments were conducted using high-fat diets supplemented with unfermented okara and fermented okara over three weeks. Supplementation with fermented okara reduced body weight gain, adipose tissue weight, the serum triglyceride profile, and lipid accumulation in the liver, and altered the mRNA expression levels related to lipid metabolism; however, it did not affect pH and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production in this study. In conclusion, high-fat diets supplemented using okara fermented with Aspergillus spp. improved the lipid metabolism in mice, due to their high nutritional value, such as TPC, soy protein, and amino acids, and their synergistic effects without altering the gut microbiota.
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Niesen S, Göttel C, Becker H, Bakuradze T, Winterhalter P, Richling E. Fractionation of Extracts from Black Chokeberry, Cranberry, and Pomegranate to Identify Compounds That Influence Lipid Metabolism. Foods 2022; 11:foods11040570. [PMID: 35206045 PMCID: PMC8871205 DOI: 10.3390/foods11040570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols show a spectrum of bioactive effects, including an influence on lipid metabolism. In this study, we performed activity-guided fractionations of black chokeberry (aronia), cranberry, and pomegranate extracts to identify the biologically active compounds. The extracts were prepared from fruit juice concentrates with the adsorbent resin Amberlite XAD-7 and were separated into a copigment and an anthocyanin fraction, followed by fractionation into a polymer and monomeric fraction by means of hexane precipitation. For further fractionation of the cranberry and pomegranate copigment fractions, high-performance countercurrent chromatography (HPCCC) was used. The compounds in each fraction were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS), and the quantification was performed by ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (UHPLC-DAD) analyses. Each of the (sub-)fractions was tested in three in vitro assays: phosphodiesterase 3B (PDE) activity, lipid accumulation, and lipolysis in 3T3-L1 cells. The results showed that various fractions and subfractions can inhibit lipid accumulation and PDE activity as well as increase lipolysis, particularly copigments. Overall, our results indicate an influence of polyphenol-rich (sub-)fractions on the lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Niesen
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Schleinitzstraße 20, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (S.N.); (P.W.)
| | - Celina Göttel
- Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 52, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany; (C.G.); (H.B.); (T.B.)
| | - Hanna Becker
- Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 52, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany; (C.G.); (H.B.); (T.B.)
| | - Tamara Bakuradze
- Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 52, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany; (C.G.); (H.B.); (T.B.)
| | - Peter Winterhalter
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Schleinitzstraße 20, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (S.N.); (P.W.)
| | - Elke Richling
- Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 52, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany; (C.G.); (H.B.); (T.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-631-205-4061
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Manasa V, Tumaney AW. Evaluation of the anti-dyslipidemic effect of spice fixed oils in the in vitro assays and the high fat diet-induced dyslipidemic mice. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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14
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Kim NY, Thomas SS, Hwang DI, Lee JH, Kim KA, Cha YS. Anti-Obesity Effects of Morus alba L. and Aronia melanocarpa in a High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese C57BL/6J Mouse Model. Foods 2021; 10:foods10081914. [PMID: 34441691 PMCID: PMC8391742 DOI: 10.3390/foods10081914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the synergic effect of extracts of Morus alba (MA) and Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) (AR) against high-fat diet induced obesity. Four-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into five groups that were fed for 14 weeks with a normal diet (ND), high-fat diet (HD), HD with M. alba 400 mg/kg body weight (MA), HD with A. melanocarpa 400 mg/kg body weight (AR), or HD with a mixture (1:1, v/v) of M. alba and A. melanocarpa (400 mg/kg) (MA + AR). Treatment with MA, AR, and MA + AR for 14 weeks reduced high fat diet-induced weight gain and improved serum lipid levels, and histological analysis revealed that MA and AR treatment markedly decreased lipid accumulation in the liver and adipocyte size in epididymal fat. Furthermore, micro-CT images showed MA + AR significantly reduced abdominal fat volume. Expression levels of genes involved in lipid anabolism, such as SREBP-1c, PPAR-γ, CEBPα, FAS, and CD36 were decreased by MA + AR treatment whereas PPAR-α, ACOX1, and CPT-1a levels were increased by MA + AR treatment. Protein expression of p-AMPK and p-ACC were increased in the MA + AR group, indicating that MA + AR ameliorated obesity by upregulating AMPK signaling. Together, our findings indicate that MA and AR exert a synergistic effect against diet-induced obesity and are promising agents for managing obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Yeon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition & Obesity Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea;
| | - Shalom Sara Thomas
- Department of Nutrition, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 02204, USA;
| | - Dae-Il Hwang
- Institute of Jinan Red Ginseng, Jinan-gun 55442, Korea; (D.-I.H.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - Ji-Hye Lee
- Institute of Jinan Red Ginseng, Jinan-gun 55442, Korea; (D.-I.H.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - Kyung-Ah Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea;
| | - Youn-Soo Cha
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition & Obesity Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-270-3822
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15
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Richter CK, Skulas-Ray AC, Gaugler TL, Meily S, Petersen KS, Kris-Etherton PM. Effects of Cranberry Juice Supplementation on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Adults with Elevated Blood Pressure: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082618. [PMID: 34444779 PMCID: PMC8398037 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, including central vascular function and HDL efflux, may be modifiable with food-based interventions such as cranberry juice. A randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial was conducted in middle-aged adults with overweight/obesity (n = 40; mean BMI: 28.7 ± 0.8 kg/m2; mean age: 47 ± 2 years) and elevated brachial blood pressure (mean systolic/diastolic BP: 124 ± 2/81 ± 1 mm Hg). Study participants consumed 500 mL/d of cranberry juice (~16 fl oz; 27% cranberry juice) or a matched placebo juice in a randomized order (8-week supplementation periods; 8-week compliance break), with blood samples and vascular measurements obtained at study entry and following each supplementation period. There was no significant treatment effect of cranberry juice supplementation on the primary endpoint of central systolic blood pressure or central or brachial diastolic pressure. Cranberry juice significantly reduced 24-h diastolic ambulatory BP by ~2 mm Hg compared to the placebo (p = 0.05) during daytime hours. Cranberry juice supplementation did not alter LDL-C but significantly changed the composition of the lipoprotein profile compared to the placebo, increasing the concentration of large LDL-C particles (+29.5 vs. −6.7 nmol/L; p = 0.02) and LDL size (+0.073 vs. −0.068 nm; p = 0.001). There was no effect of treatment on ex vivo HDL efflux in the total population, but exploratory subgroup analyses identified an interaction between BMI and global HDL efflux (p = 0.02), with greater effect of cranberry juice in participants who were overweight. Exploratory analyses indicate that baseline C-reactive protein (CRP) values may moderate treatment effects. In this population of adults with elevated blood pressure, cranberry juice supplementation had no significant effect on central systolic blood pressure but did have modest effects on 24-h diastolic ambulatory BP and the lipoprotein profile. Future studies are needed to verify these findings and the results of our exploratory analyses related to baseline health moderators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chesney K. Richter
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85716, USA; (C.K.R.); (A.C.S.-R.)
| | - Ann C. Skulas-Ray
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85716, USA; (C.K.R.); (A.C.S.-R.)
| | - Trent L. Gaugler
- Department of Mathematics, Lafayette College, Easton, PA 18042, USA;
| | - Stacey Meily
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (S.M.); (K.S.P.)
| | - Kristina S. Petersen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (S.M.); (K.S.P.)
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Penny M. Kris-Etherton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (S.M.); (K.S.P.)
- Correspondence:
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Amer-Sarsour F, Abu Saleh R, Ofek I, Iraqi FA. Studying the pharmacogenomic effect of cranberry extract on reducing body weight using collaborative cross mice. Food Funct 2021; 12:4972-4982. [PMID: 34100468 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02865g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The non-dialyzable material (NDM) of polyphenol-rich cranberry extract (CRE) powder (NDM-CRE) was studied for its effect of inducing body weight (BW) loss in 13 different mouse lines with well-defined genetically diverse backgrounds, named the collaborative cross (CC). From the age of 8 weeks, the mice were maintained on a high-fat diet (HFD) for 18 weeks, to induce obesity, and BW was measured biweekly. From week 12, CRE was injected intraperitoneally (IP) (50 mg kg-1) 3 times a week per mouse for a 6 week period. Statistical analysis results have shown a significant increase in body weight between week 0 and week 12; the increase in BW of 13 lines of mice on HFD was in the range of 10.41% to 68.65% for males and 9.78% to 64.74% for females. After injecting NDM-CRE extract, our analysis has shown an induced change in BW between week 12 and week 18. In males, NDM-CRE caused a significant decrease in BW of 5 out of the 13 lines in the range of -5.68% to -16.69% and a significant increase of 8.31% in BW of one male line, whereas in seven lines there was no significant decrease (-2.14% to -4.09%). In females, NDM-CRE caused a significant decrease in BW of 5 out of the 13 lines in the range of -3.90% to -11.83%, whereas in eight lines there were no significant changes in BW and it ranged between -1.50% and 4.90%. The broad-sense heritability (H2) and genetic coefficient of variation (CVg) were estimated and found to be between 0.71 and 0.81 for H2, and 0.18 and 0.24 for CVg of females and males, respectively, with respect to the efficacy of NDM-CRE on body weight reduction. Our results have shown that hosts with different genetic backgrounds respond differently to body weight increase, as well as to NDM-CRE treatment for body weight reduction. These results provide a platform for assessing more CC lines and mapping genes underlying the efficacy of the NDM-CRE treatment as a way of understanding pharmacogenomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Amer-Sarsour
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel.
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17
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do Carmo MAV, Granato D, Azevedo L. Antioxidant/pro-oxidant and antiproliferative activities of phenolic-rich foods and extracts: A cell-based point of view. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2021; 98:253-280. [PMID: 34507644 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2021.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds have demonstrated several in vitro beneficial properties by acting as antioxidant and pro-oxidant agents. This chapter approaches the relationship among oxidative stress, cancer, phenolic compounds and antiproliferative activity. Moreover, it discusses in vitro techniques and their biological applications, regarding cell viability and intracellular measure of reactive oxygen assays. The in vitro methods are important tools for screening and understanding the pathways involved on antiproliferative and antioxidant/pro-oxidant effects of phenolic compounds. These findings open avenues for the development of innovative food, chemical structures, technological applications and future perspectives in this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Granato
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Luciana Azevedo
- Federal University of Alfenas, Nutrition Faculty, Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
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18
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Antioxidant Activity of Sprouts Extracts Is Correlated with Their Anti-Obesity and Anti-Inflammatory Effects in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:8367802. [PMID: 33643424 PMCID: PMC7902152 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8367802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is closely associated with oxidative stress and chronic inflammation leading to related metabolic diseases. Some natural extracts or polyphenols reportedly possess anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory effects as well as antioxidant activity. In this study, we assessed the correlations between the antioxidant, anti-obesity, and anti-inflammatory activities of plant extracts with potent antioxidant activity in diet-induced obese mice. Sprouts of Cedrela sinensis (CS) and Oenothera biennis L. (OB) were selected as the most potent antioxidant plant based on analysis of in vitro antioxidant activity of the extracts of ten different edible plants. C57BL/6 mice were fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) and orally treated with 50% ethanol extract of CS or OB at 50 or 100 mg/kg body weight 5 days a week for 14 weeks. Body weight gain, weight of adipose tissue, adipocyte size, and levels of lipid metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stress markers were investigated. The CS or OB extract reduced body weight gain, visceral adipose tissue weight, adipocyte size, and plasma leptin levels, and expressions of adipogenic genes (PPARγ and fatty acid synthase) in the adipose tissue and liver of HFD-fed mice. Both extracts also reduced mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) and oxidative stress-related genes (heme oxygenase- (HO-) 1 and p40phox). Body weight gain of mice was significantly correlated with visceral adipose tissue weight and adipocyte size. Body weight gain and adipocyte size were significantly correlated with plasma total cholesterol and 8-epi PGF2α levels, mRNA levels of leptin, HO-1, p40phox, and CD-11 in the adipose tissue, and mRNA levels of TNF-α in the adipose tissue and liver. These results suggest that the CS and OB extracts with potent antioxidant activity may inhibit fat deposition in adipose tissue and subsequent inflammation.
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19
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Hair R, Sakaki JR, Chun OK. Anthocyanins, Microbiome and Health Benefits in Aging. Molecules 2021; 26:537. [PMID: 33494165 PMCID: PMC7864342 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The percentage of individuals over the age of 60 is projected to reach 22% by 2050; chronic diseases associated with aging can present challenges for these individuals. Anthocyanins and the gut microbiome have each been studied as independent influencers of health. Both these factors have shown to have a positive effect on cardiovascular and bone health in individuals, as well as on the prevention or treatment of certain forms of cancers. Anthocyanins have shown to modulate the composition of the gut microbiome and may have overlapping mechanisms in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders and aging-associated bone loss. These health outcomes are responsible for the hospitalization and deaths of millions of Americans every year and they cost the United States billions of dollars each year to maintain, prevent and treat. Alternative methods of treatment and prevention are desired since conventional methods (surgical and pharmacological methods, physical therapy, etc.) can be costly and have significant side effects; evidence suggests that anthocyanins and the gut microbiome may be potential avenues for this. This review evaluates the findings of existing literature on the role of anthocyanins and the gut microbiome on health and their potential as a natural therapeutic agent or a target organ to provide an alternative to the conventional methods of disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ock K. Chun
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (R.H.); (J.R.S.)
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20
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Gao T, Hou M, Zhang B, Pan X, Liu C, Sun C, Jia M, Lin S, Xiong K, Ma A. Effects of cranberry beverages on oxidative stress and gut microbiota in subjects with Helicobacter pylori infection: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Food Funct 2021; 12:6878-6888. [PMID: 34126630 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00467k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori-induced oxidative stress plays an important role in gastric diseases. H. pylori disturbs gut microbiota. The objective is to investigate the effects of cranberry beverages on oxidative stress biomarkers and gut microbiota in H. pylori positive subjects. 171 H. pylori positive participants were randomly assigned to one of the three groups: high-dose (HCb; 480 mL cranberry beverage), low-dose (LCb; 240 mL cranberry beverage plus 240 mL placebo) and placebo (480 mL). Subjects consumed the beverages daily for 4 weeks. Fasting blood samples were analyzed for oxidative stress biomarkers. The intestinal microbiome was analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. Compared with the placebo, HCb resulted in a significantly higher increase of total antioxidant capacity (mean ± SD: 1.39 ± 1.69 IU mL-1vs. 0.34 ± 1.73 IU mL-1; p < 0.001) and a higher decrease of the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (-7.29 ± 10.83 nmol mg-1vs. -0.84 ± 15.66 nmol mg-1; p = 0.025). A significant dose-dependent effect on the elevation of superoxide dismutase was observed (p < 0.001). Microbiome data showed that consuming HCb and LCb led to a significant reduction of Pseudomonas (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the current research showed that consuming cranberry beverages significantly improved the antioxidant status in H. pylori positive subjects, which may be related to the reshaping of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Gao
- Binzhou Medical University Hospital, 661 Huanghe Second Road, Binzhou, Shandong, China
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21
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Je JY, Park JE, Seo Y, Han JS. HM-chromanone inhibits adipogenesis by regulating adipogenic transcription factors and AMPK in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 892:173689. [PMID: 33127360 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Portulaca oleracea L. is used as a folk medicine in many countries because of its wide range of pharmacological effects. HM-chromanone, isolated from P. oleracea using bioassay-guided fractionation and HPLC, belongs to the homoisoflavonoid group and has been shown to exert several biological effects. In this study, we evaluated whether HM-chromanone inhibits adipogenesis by regulating adipogenic transcription factors in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The results showed that HM-chromanone suppresses adipocyte differentiation and adipogenesis in a dose-dependent manner in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The HM-chromanone-treated adipocytes exhibited lower triglyceride accumulation and leptin secretion, and higher glycerol and adiponectin secretion than the control adipocytes. Microscopic observation using oil red O staining revealed a dose-dependent reduction in the number of lipid droplets in the HM-chromanone-treated adipocytes compared to the control group. HM-chromanone significantly down-regulated the protein expression of major adipogenic transcription factors sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα) and markedly inhibited several key adipogenic enzymes including fatty acid synthase (FAS) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). In addition, adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) were both more activated in the HM-chromanone-treated adipocytes than in the control adipocytes. HM-chromanone also promoted the phosphorylation of 5' Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which inhibits adipogenesis through the regulation of adipogenic transcription factors. These results suggest that HM-chromanone may be an effective anti-adipogenesis agent that functions via the suppression of adipogenic transcription factors and the activation of AMPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Je
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Eun Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
| | - Youngwan Seo
- Division of Marine Bioscience, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan, 49112, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji Sook Han
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
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Outcomes Assessment of Sustainable and Innovatively Simple Lifestyle Modification at the Workplace - Drinking Electrolyzed-Reduced Water (OASIS-ERW): A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9070564. [PMID: 32605142 PMCID: PMC7402115 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9070564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been associated with many diseases as well as aging. Electrolyzed-reduced water (ERW) has been suggested to reduce oxidative stress and improve antioxidant potential. This study investigated the effects of drinking ERW on biomarkers of oxidative stress and health-related indices in healthy adults. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial on 65 participants, who were allocated into two groups. Of these, 61 received intervention (32 with ERW and 29 MW [mineral water]). All participants were instructed to drink 1.5 L/day of ERW or MW for eight weeks. Biomarkers of oxidative stress and health-related indices were assessed at baseline as well as after 4 weeks and 8 weeks of intervention. Of the primary outcome variables assessed, diacron-reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) and biological antioxidant potential showed a significant interaction between the groups and time, with d-ROMs levels significantly decreased at 8 weeks in ERW compared to those in MW. Among the secondary outcome variables, total, visceral, and subcutaneous fat mass significantly changed over time, with a significant association observed between the groups and time. Thus, daily ERW consumption may be a potential consideration for a sustainable and innovatively simple lifestyle modification at the workplace to reduce oxidative stress, increase antioxidant potential, and decrease fat mass.
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Pires TCSP, Caleja C, Santos-Buelga C, Barros L, Ferreira IC. Vaccinium myrtillus L. Fruits as a Novel Source of Phenolic Compounds with Health Benefits and Industrial Applications - A Review. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:1917-1928. [PMID: 32183662 PMCID: PMC7403651 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200317132507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Consumers' demand for healthier foods with functional properties has had a clear influence on the food industry and in this sense, they have been attaching natural sources of bioactive ingredients into food products. Vaccinium myrtillus L. (bilberry) is known to be a functional food, presenting its fruits in the form of a small dark blueberry. This coloration is due to its high content in anthocyanin, being also associated with bilberries' beneficial health effects. In the bilberry industry, there is a very high annual loss of this fruit due to the less aesthetic shape or appearance, in which they cannot be considered suitable for sale and are therefore disposed of as biological waste. Therefore, it is of great importance to valorize this fruit and this review aimed to completely characterize the fruits of V. myrtillus in order to comprehend the relationship between their consumption and the beneficial effects regarding consumer's health. Thus, this review provides a description of the nutritional and bioactive compounds present in bilberry fruits, followed by their beneficial health effects. An overview of the natural pigments present in these fruits was also explored, focusing particularly in the anthocyanins composition, which represents the most widely studied class of bioactive compounds of V. myrtillus fruits. Finally, industrial applications of these fruits and by-products, as an efficient approach to the production of value-added products with economical and environmental impact, were also discussed. In general, V. myrtillus is a rich source of micronutrients and phytochemical compounds, such as organic acids, sugars, vitamins, fibers and phenolic compounds (anthocyanin and non-anthocyanin compounds), with nutritional and functional properties, that justify the growing interest in these berries, not only for food applications, but also in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lillian Barros
- Address correspondence to these authors at the Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; Tel: +351273303219; Fax: +351273325405; E-mail: ; Tel: +351273303285; Fax: +351273325405; E-mail:
| | - Isabel C.F.R. Ferreira
- Address correspondence to these authors at the Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; Tel: +351273303219; Fax: +351273325405; E-mail: ; Tel: +351273303285; Fax: +351273325405; E-mail:
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Tatzber F, Wonisch W, Lackner S, Lindschinger M, Pursch W, Resch U, Trummer C, Murkovic M, Zelzer S, Holasek S, Cvirn G. A Micromethod for Polyphenol High-Throughput Screening Saves 90 Percent Reagents and Sample Volume. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 9:antiox9010011. [PMID: 31877807 PMCID: PMC7023636 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is ample evidence that polyphenols are important natural substances with pronounced antioxidative properties. This study aimed to develop a fast and reliable method to determine total polyphenol content (TPC) in foodstuffs and human samples. The microtitration format offers the advantage of low sample volumes in the microlitre range, facilitating high-throughput screening with 40 samples simultaneously. We accordingly adjusted the so-called Folin–Ciocalteu method to a microtitre format (polyphenols microtitre—PPm) with 90% reduction of reagents. The assay was standardized with gallic acid in the range between 0.1 and 3 mM, using a 20 µL sample volume. The intra-assay coefficient of variation (CV) was less than 5%, and inter-assay CV was in the range of 10%. Wavelength was measured at 766 nm after two hours of incubation. This micromethod correlates significantly with both the classical Folin–Ciocalteu method and High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) (r2 = 0.9829). We further observed a significant correlation between PPm and total antioxidants (r2 = 0.918). The highest polyphenol concentrations were obtained for red, blue, and black fruits, vegetables, and juices. Extracts of red grapes could be harvested almost sugar free and might serve as a basis for polyphenol supplementation. Beer, flour, and bread contained polyphenol concentrations sufficient to meet the minimal daily requirement. We conclude that PPm is a sensitive and reliable method that detects polyphenols even in samples diluted 10-fold. The literature strongly recommends further investigations on the effects of polyphenol uptake on human and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Tatzber
- Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Devision of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (F.T.); (S.L.); (W.P.); (S.H.)
| | - Willibald Wonisch
- Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Devision of Physiological Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
- Correspondence:
| | - Sonja Lackner
- Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Devision of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (F.T.); (S.L.); (W.P.); (S.H.)
| | - Meinrad Lindschinger
- Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases, Outpatient Clinic Laßnitzhöhe, 8301 Laßnitzhöhe, Austria;
| | - Werner Pursch
- Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Devision of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (F.T.); (S.L.); (W.P.); (S.H.)
| | - Ulrike Resch
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Christopher Trummer
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria; (C.T.); (M.M.)
| | - Michael Murkovic
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria; (C.T.); (M.M.)
| | - Sieglinde Zelzer
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Sandra Holasek
- Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Devision of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (F.T.); (S.L.); (W.P.); (S.H.)
| | - Gerhard Cvirn
- Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Devision of Physiological Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
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25
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Blueberry intake included in hypocaloric diet decreases weight, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides and adenosine levels in obese subjects. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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Vuolo MM, Lima GC, Batista ÂG, Carazin CBB, Cintra DE, Prado MA, Júnior MRM. Passion fruit peel intake decreases inflammatory response and reverts lipid peroxidation and adiposity in diet-induced obese rats. Nutr Res 2019; 76:106-117. [PMID: 32033839 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2019.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated Passiflora edulis peel flour (PEPF) intake and its effect against high-fat diet-induced obesity. PEPF is a source of fiber and phenolic compounds, which can decrease oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines, both linked to chronic inflammatory response and fat deposition in obesity. Therefore, we hypothesized that PEPF intake could decrease inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress observed in obesity, leading to decrease of fatness and chronic inflammatory response. The aims of the study were to evaluate the lipid peroxidation, the expression of antioxidants enzymes, and inflammatory parameters in obese rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups (n = 8 per group) according to the diets: control (based on AIN-93G), high-fat (HF, 35% fat w/w), and HF with PEPF (HFPF), and the experiment lasted for 10 weeks. PEPF showed high dietary fiber content and bioactive compounds, such as ferulic acid, and β-carotene. PEPF intake was effective in reducing body weight gain (13.31%) and total body fat (22.58%). The lipid peroxidation in the liver and adipose tissue decreased in the HFPF group compared to HF-fed animals, whereas hepatic glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activity and their expressions in the liver were higher in HFPF than HF. In addition, the PEPF intake decreased inflammatory cytokines in serum. These results suggest that PEPF intake decreases oxidative stress, possibly by the increase of antioxidant enzymes expression. Furthermore, PEPF decreases inflammatory response and protects from adiposity. Then, PEPF could act as an adjuvant to control of early parameters in obesity dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Morandi Vuolo
- School of Food Engineering, Food and Nutrition Department, University of Campinas, Monteiro Lobato 80, Zip Code: 13083-862, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Glaucia Carielo Lima
- Nutrition School- Federal University of Goias, 227 st, Qd 68, S/N-Setor Leste Universitário, Goiânia-GO, 74605-080, Brazil.
| | - Ângela Giovana Batista
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Palmeira das Missões-RS, 98300-000, Brazil.
| | - Cinthia Baú Betim Carazin
- School of Food Engineering, Food and Nutrition Department, University of Campinas, Monteiro Lobato 80, Zip Code: 13083-862, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Dennys Esper Cintra
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Pedro Zaccaria, 1300, ZIP: 13484-350 Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Alexandre Prado
- School of Food Engineering, Food and Nutrition Department, University of Campinas, Monteiro Lobato 80, Zip Code: 13083-862, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Mário Roberto Maróstica Júnior
- School of Food Engineering, Food and Nutrition Department, University of Campinas, Monteiro Lobato 80, Zip Code: 13083-862, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Zielińska-Wasielica J, Olejnik A, Kowalska K, Olkowicz M, Dembczyński R. Elderberry ( Sambucus nigra L.) Fruit Extract Alleviates Oxidative Stress, Insulin Resistance, and Inflammation in Hypertrophied 3T3-L1 Adipocytes and Activated RAW 264.7 Macrophages. Foods 2019; 8:E326. [PMID: 31398785 PMCID: PMC6724042 DOI: 10.3390/foods8080326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation in hypertrophied adipose tissue with excessive fat accumulation play a crucial role in the development of obesity and accompanying metabolic dysfunctions. This study demonstrated the capacity of elderberry fruit (EDB) extract to decrease the elevated production of reactive oxygen species in hypertrophied 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Treatment with the EDB extract resulted in modulation of mRNA expression and protein secretion of key adipokines in hypertrophied adipocytes. Expression of leptin and adiponectin was, respectively, down- and up-regulated. Moreover, glucose uptake stimulation was noticed in mature adipocytes, both sensitive to insulin and insulin resistant. This may suggest a positive effect of EDB extract on insulin resistance status. The extract was also found to alleviate the inflammatory response in activated RAW 264.7 macrophages by down-regulating the expression of proinflammatory genes (TNF-α, IL-6, COX-2, iNOS) and suppressing the enhanced production of inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-6, PGE2, NO). In vitro experiments showed that the EDB extract could inhibit digestive enzymes, including α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and pancreatic lipase, leading to reduced intestinal absorption of dietary lipids and carbohydrates. Further in vivo studies could be postulated to support EDB as a functional food component for the prevention and treatment of obesity and metabolic-immune comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Zielińska-Wasielica
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 48, 60-627 Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Olejnik
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 48, 60-627 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Kowalska
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 48, 60-627 Poznan, Poland
| | - Mariola Olkowicz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Radosław Dembczyński
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 48, 60-627 Poznan, Poland
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Lim SM, Lee HS, Jung JI, Kim SM, Kim NY, Seo TS, Bae JS, Kim EJ. Cyanidin-3- O-galactoside-enriched Aronia m elanocarpa extract attenuates weight gain and adipogenic pathways in high-fat diet-induced obese C57BL/6 mice. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11051190. [PMID: 31137884 PMCID: PMC6566507 DOI: 10.3390/nu11051190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aronia melanocarpa are a rich source of anthocyanins that have received considerable interest for their relations to human health. In this study, the anti-adipogenic effect of cyanidin-3-O-galactoside-enriched Aronia melanocarpa extract (AM-Ex) and its underlying mechanisms were investigated in an in vivo system. Five-week-old male C57BL/6N mice were randomly divided into five groups for 8-week feeding with a control diet (CD), a high-fat diet (HFD), or a HFD with 50 (AM-Ex 50), 100 (AM-Ex 100), or 200 AM-Ex (AM-Ex 200) mg/kg body weight/day. HFD-fed mice showed a significant increase in body weight compared to the CD group, and AM-Ex dose-dependently inhibited this weight gain. AM-Ex significantly reduced the food intake and the weight of white fat tissue, including epididymal fat, retroperitoneal fat, mesenteric fat, and inguinal fat. Treatment with AM-Ex (50 to 200 mg/kg) reduced serum levels of leptin, insulin, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis revealed that AM-Ex suppressed adipogenesis by decreasing CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α, acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1, ATP-citrate lyase, fatty acid synthase, and adipocyte protein 2 messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions. These results suggest that AM-Ex is potentially beneficial for the suppression of HFD-induced obesity by modulating multiple pathways associated with adipogenesis and food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Min Lim
- Center for Efficacy Assessment and Development of Functional Foods and Drugs, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Korea.
| | - Hyun Sook Lee
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, Dongseo University, Busan 47011, Korea.
| | - Jae In Jung
- Center for Efficacy Assessment and Development of Functional Foods and Drugs, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Korea.
| | - So Mi Kim
- Center for Efficacy Assessment and Development of Functional Foods and Drugs, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Korea.
| | - Nam Young Kim
- R&D center, Wellfine Co., Ltd, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24232, Korea.
| | - Tae Su Seo
- R&D center, Wellfine Co., Ltd, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24232, Korea.
| | - Jung-Shik Bae
- R&D center, Wellfine Co., Ltd, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24232, Korea.
| | - Eun Ji Kim
- Center for Efficacy Assessment and Development of Functional Foods and Drugs, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Korea.
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29
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Kshatriya D, Li X, Giunta GM, Yuan B, Zhao D, Simon JE, Wu Q, Bello NT. Phenolic-enriched raspberry fruit extract (Rubus idaeus) resulted in lower weight gain, increased ambulatory activity, and elevated hepatic lipoprotein lipase and heme oxygenase-1 expression in male mice fed a high-fat diet. Nutr Res 2019; 68:19-33. [PMID: 31252376 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Red raspberries (Rubus idaeus) contain numerous phenolic compounds with purported health benefits. Raspberry ketone (4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone) is a primary raspberry flavor phenolic found in raspberries and is designated as a synthetic flavoring agent by the Food and Drug Administration. Synthetic raspberry ketone has been demonstrated to result in weight loss in rodents. We tested whether phenolic-enriched raspberry extracts, compared with raspberry ketone, would be more resilient to the metabolic alterations caused by an obesogenic diet. Male C57BL/6J mice (8 weeks old) received a daily oral dose of vehicle (VEH; 50% propylene glycol, 40% water, and 10% dimethyl sulfoxide), raspberry extract low (REL; 0.2 g/kg), raspberry extract high (REH; 2 g/kg), or raspberry ketone (RK; 0.2 g/kg). Coincident with daily dosing, mice were placed on a high-fat diet (45% fat). After 4 weeks, REH and RK reduced body weight gain (approximately 5%-9%) and white adipose mass (approximately 20%) compared with VEH. Hepatic gene expression of heme oxygenase-1 and lipoprotein lipase was upregulated in REH compared with VEH. Indirect calorimetry indicated that respiratory exchange ratio (CO2 production to O2 consumption) was lower, suggesting increased fat oxidation with all treatments. REH treatment increased total ambulatory behavior. Energy expenditure/lean mass was higher in REH compared with REL treatment. There were no treatment differences in cumulative intake, meal patterns, or hypothalamic feed-related gene expression. Our results suggest that raspberry ketone and a phenolic-enriched raspberry extract both have the capacity to prevent weight gain but differ in the preventative mechanisms for excess fat accumulation following high-fat diet exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dushyant Kshatriya
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA; Nutritional Sciences Graduate Program, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Xinyi Li
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA; Nutritional Sciences Graduate Program, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Gina M Giunta
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Bo Yuan
- New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Danyue Zhao
- New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - James E Simon
- New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Qingli Wu
- New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Nicholas T Bello
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA; Nutritional Sciences Graduate Program, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
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30
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Park M, Sharma A, Lee HJ. Anti-Adipogenic Effects of Delphinidin-3- O- β-Glucoside in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes and Primary White Adipocytes. Molecules 2019; 24:E1848. [PMID: 31091729 PMCID: PMC6571603 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24101848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Delphinidin-3-O-β-glucoside (D3G) is a health-promoting anthocyanin whose anti-obesity activity has not yet been thoroughly investigated. We examined the effects of D3G on adipogenesis and lipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and primary white adipocytes using real-time RT-PCR and immunoblot analysis. D3G significantly inhibited the accumulation of lipids in a dose-dependent manner without displaying cytotoxicity. In the 3T3-L1 adipocytes, D3G downregulated the expression of key adipogenic and lipogenic markers, which are known as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 (SREBP1), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα), and fatty acid synthase (FAS). Moreover, the relative protein expression of silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1) were increased, alongside reduced lipid levels and the presence of several small lipid droplets. Furthermore, D3G increased the phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), which suggests that D3G may play a role in AMPK and ACC activation in adipocytes. Our data indicate that D3G attenuates adipogenesis and promotes lipid metabolism by activating AMPK-mediated signaling, and, hence, could have a therapeutic role in the management and treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miey Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Korea.
| | - Anshul Sharma
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Korea.
| | - Hae-Jeung Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Korea.
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31
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Chang E, Kim CY. Natural Products and Obesity: A Focus on the Regulation of Mitotic Clonal Expansion during Adipogenesis. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24061157. [PMID: 30909556 PMCID: PMC6471203 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is recognized as a worldwide health crisis. Obesity and its associated health complications such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases impose a big social and economic burden. In an effort to identify safe, efficient, and long-term effective methods to treat obesity, various natural products with potential for inhibiting adipogenesis were revealed. This review aimed to discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying adipogenesis and the inhibitory effects of various phytochemicals, including those from natural sources, on the early stage of adipogenesis. We discuss key steps (proliferation and cell cycle) and their regulators (cell-cycle regulator, transcription factors, and intracellular signaling pathways) at the early stage of adipocyte differentiation as the mechanisms responsible for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Chang
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
| | - Choon Young Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Korea.
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32
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Kowalska K, Olejnik A, Zielińska-Wasielica J, Olkowicz M. Inhibitory effects of lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) fruit extract on obesity-induced inflammation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and RAW 264.7 macrophages. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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33
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Lonicera caerulea Extract Attenuates Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Free Fatty Acid-Induced HepG2 Hepatocytes and in High Fat Diet-Fed Mice. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11030494. [PMID: 30813654 PMCID: PMC6471428 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Honeyberry (Lonicera caerulea) has been used for medicinal purposes for thousands of years. Its predominant anthocyanin, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G), possesses antioxidant and many other potent biological activities. We aimed to investigate the effects of honeyberry extract (HBE) supplementation on HepG2 cellular steatosis induced by free fatty acids (FFA) and in diet-induced obese mice. HepG2 cells were incubated with 1 mM FFA to induce lipid accumulation with or without HBE. Obesity in mice was induced by a 45% high fat diet (HFD) for 6 weeks and subsequent supplementation of 0.5% HBE (LH) and 1% HBE (MH) for 6 weeks. HBE suppressed fatty acid synthesis and ameliorated lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells induced by FFA. Moreover, HBE also decreased lipid accumulation in the liver in the supplemented HBE group (LH, 0.5% or MH, 1%) compared with the control group. The expressions of adipogenic genes involved in hepatic lipid metabolism of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1c), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), and fatty acid synthase (FAS) were decreased both in the HepG2 cells and in the livers of HBE-supplemented mice. In addition, HBE increased mRNA and protein levels of carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT-1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), which are involved in fatty acid oxidation. Furthermore, HBE treatment increased the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACC). Honeyberry effectively reduced triglyceride accumulation through down-regulation of hepatic lipid metabolic gene expression and up-regulation of the activation of AMPK and ACC signaling in both the HepG2 cells as well as in livers of diet-induced obese mice. These results suggest that HBE may actively ameliorate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
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34
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Sarkar P, Thirumurugan K. Modulatory functions of bioactive fruits, vegetables and spices in adipogenesis and angiogenesis. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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35
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de Almeida Alvarenga L, Borges NA, Moreira LDSG, Resende Teixeira KT, Carraro-Eduardo JC, Dai L, Stenvinkel P, Lindholm B, Mafra D. Cranberries – potential benefits in patients with chronic kidney disease. Food Funct 2019; 10:3103-3112. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00375d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) present many complications that potentially could be linked to increased cardiovascular mortality such as inflammation, oxidative stress, cellular senescence and gut dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natália Alvarenga Borges
- Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences
- Fluminense Federal University (UFF)
- Niterói
- Brazil
- Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences
| | | | | | | | - Lu Dai
- Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum
- Department of Clinical Science
- Technology and Intervention
- Karolinska Institutet
- Stockholm
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum
- Department of Clinical Science
- Technology and Intervention
- Karolinska Institutet
- Stockholm
| | - Bengt Lindholm
- Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum
- Department of Clinical Science
- Technology and Intervention
- Karolinska Institutet
- Stockholm
| | - Denise Mafra
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences
- Fluminense Federal University (UFF)
- Niterói
- Brazil
- Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences
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36
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Gouthamchandra K, Sudeep HV, Amritharaj, Lingaraju HB, Prasad KS. SUNCA standardized extract from Helianthus annus L exerts enhanced digestive enzyme activity and subsides obesity through inhibition of C/EBP-α and PPAR-γ expression both in in vitro and in vivo model. Pharmacogn Mag 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_204_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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37
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Kwak CS, Kim MJ, Kim SG, Park S, Kim IG, Kang HS. Antioxidant and antiobesity activities of oral treatment with ethanol extract from sprout of evening primrose (Oenothera laciniata) in high fat diet-induced obese mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.4163/jnh.2019.52.6.529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chung Shil Kwak
- Institute on Aging, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Mi-Ju Kim
- Institute on Aging, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | | | | | - In Gyu Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
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Cortés-Herrera C, Artavia G, Leiva A, Granados-Chinchilla F. Liquid Chromatography Analysis of Common Nutritional Components, in Feed and Food. Foods 2018; 8:E1. [PMID: 30577557 PMCID: PMC6352167 DOI: 10.3390/foods8010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Food and feed laboratories share several similarities when facing the implementation of liquid-chromatographic analysis. Using the experience acquired over the years, through application chemistry in food and feed research, selected analytes of relevance for both areas were discussed. This review focused on the common obstacles and peculiarities that each analyte offers (during the sample treatment or the chromatographic separation) throughout the implementation of said methods. A brief description of the techniques which we considered to be more pertinent, commonly used to assay such analytes is provided, including approaches using commonly available detectors (especially in starter labs) as well as mass detection. This manuscript consists of three sections: feed analysis (as the start of the food chain); food destined for human consumption determinations (the end of the food chain); and finally, assays shared by either matrices or laboratories. Analytes discussed consist of both those considered undesirable substances, contaminants, additives, and those related to nutritional quality. Our review is comprised of the examination of polyphenols, capsaicinoids, theobromine and caffeine, cholesterol, mycotoxins, antibiotics, amino acids, triphenylmethane dyes, nitrates/nitrites, ethanol soluble carbohydrates/sugars, organic acids, carotenoids, hydro and liposoluble vitamins. All analytes are currently assayed in our laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Cortés-Herrera
- Centro Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos (CITA), Universidad de Costa Rica, Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo Facio 11501-2060, Costa Rica.
| | - Graciela Artavia
- Centro Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos (CITA), Universidad de Costa Rica, Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo Facio 11501-2060, Costa Rica.
| | - Astrid Leiva
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición Animal, Universidad de Costa Rica, Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo 11501-2060, Costa Rica.
| | - Fabio Granados-Chinchilla
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición Animal, Universidad de Costa Rica, Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo 11501-2060, Costa Rica.
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Causes and solutions to “globesity”: The new fa(s)t alarming global epidemic. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 121:173-193. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.08.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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40
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Elkahoui S, Bartley GE, Yokoyama WH, Friedman M. Dietary Supplementation of Potato Peel Powders Prepared from Conventional and Organic Russet and Non-organic Gold and Red Potatoes Reduces Weight Gain in Mice on a High-Fat Diet. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:6064-6072. [PMID: 29877090 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the potential of potato peel powders, high in bioactive phenolic compounds and glycoalkaloids, to reduce weight gain in mice consuming a high-fat diet. Potato peel powders were prepared from the following fresh commercial potato varieties by hand-peeling and then freeze-drying and grinding the peels into powder: non-organic (conventionally grown) gold, red, and Russet and organically grown Russet. Mice diets (25% fat by weight) were supplemented with either 10 or 20% potato peel powders for 3 weeks. In comparison to the control diet, the isocaloric and isonitrogenous peel-containing diets induced a reduction in weight gain that ranged from 17-45% (10% peel diets) to 46-73% (20% peel diets), suggesting that differences in weight gain are associated with the potato peel source and peel concentration of the diet. Weight reductions were accompanied by reduced epididymal white adipose tissue ranging from 22 to 80% as well as changes in the microbiota analyzed using next-generation sequencing and in obesity-associated genetic biomarkers determined by the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Safety aspects and possible mechanisms of the antiobesity effects are discussed in terms of the composition of the bioactive potato peel compounds, which were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. The results suggest that potato peels, a major peeling byproduct of potato processing used to prepare fries, chips, and potato flour, that showed exceptionally high antiobesity properties in fat mice, have the potential to serve as an antiobesity functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salem Elkahoui
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances , Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cédria , BP 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif , Tunisia
| | - Glenn E Bartley
- Healthy Processed Foods Research, Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service , United States Department of Agriculture , Albany , California 94710 , United States
| | - Wallace H Yokoyama
- Healthy Processed Foods Research, Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service , United States Department of Agriculture , Albany , California 94710 , United States
| | - Mendel Friedman
- Healthy Processed Foods Research, Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service , United States Department of Agriculture , Albany , California 94710 , United States
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