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Lin Y, Li C, Liao M, Jiao K, Ma J, Yan Y, Li Y, Wu T, Cheng C, Cao Y, Jia W, Zhao Z, Wang L, Hua D, Li R, Guo N, Meng J, Ma W. Associations between perceived and actual risk of HIV infection and HIV prevention services uptake among men who have sex with men in Shandong province, China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1470. [PMID: 38822308 PMCID: PMC11143659 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18985-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Associations between perceived and actual risk of HIV infection and HIV prevention services uptake are inconclusive. This study aimed to evaluate the discrepancy between the perceived and actual HIV risk, and quantify the associations between perceived and actual risk of HIV infection and three HIV prevention services utilization among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Shandong province, China. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in Shandong province in June 2021. Participants were eligible if they were born biologically male, aged 18 years or older, had negative or unknown HIV status, and had sex with men in the past year. Participants were recruited online. The discrepancy between their perceived and actual risk of HIV infection was evaluated by calculating the Kappa value. Bayesian model averaging was used to assess the associations between perceived and actual risk of HIV infection and HIV prevention services uptake. RESULTS A total of 1136 MSM were recruited, most of them were 30 years old or younger (59.9%), single (79.5%), with at least college education level (74.7%). Most participants (97.4%) perceived that they had low risk of HIV infection, and 14.1% were assessed with high actual risk. The discrepancy between their perceived and actual risk of HIV infection was evaluated with a Kappa value of 0.076 (P < 0.001). HIV testing uptake had a weak association with perceived high HIV prevalence among social networks (aOR = 1.156, post probability = 0.547). The perceived high HIV prevalence among national MSM was positive related to willingness to use PrEP (aOR = 1.903, post probability = 0.943) and PEP (aOR = 1.737, post probability = 0.829). Perceived personal risk (aOR = 4.486, post probability = 0.994) and perceived HIV prevalence among social networks (aOR = 1.280, post probability = 0.572) were related to history of using PrEP. Perceived personal risk (aOR = 3.144, post probability = 0.952), actual risk (aOR = 1.890, post probability = 0.950), and perceived risk among social networks (aOR = 1.502, post probability = 0.786) were related to history of using PEP. CONCLUSIONS There is discordance between perceived and actual personal risk of HIV infection among MSM in China. HIV risk assessment and education on HIV prevalence among MSM should be strengthened to assist high-risk populations aware their risk accurately and hence access HIV prevention services proactively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chuanxi Li
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Meizhen Liao
- Institution for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Kedi Jiao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yu Yan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yijun Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Taoyu Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chunxiao Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yanwen Cao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenwen Jia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhonghui Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dongdong Hua
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ruixiao Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ningning Guo
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Meng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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Ramos SD, Woodward H, Kannout L, Du Bois S. Dimensional Reduction in Barriers and Facilitators to Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Uptake Willingness for Full-Service Sex Workers. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2024; 53:799-810. [PMID: 37962828 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-023-02742-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Full-Service Sex Workers (FSSWs) face heightened risk of acquiring HIV, yet exhibit relatively low adoption of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)-an antiviral that substantially reduces HIV acquisition risk. Little work examines barriers and facilitators to PrEP uptake willingness among FSSWs. This study aimed to identify the distinct components of barriers and facilitators to PrEP uptake willingness for FSSWs. Here, we subjected 19 PrEP barriers and facilitators identified in the literature to a principal component analysis (PCA) among a sample of 83 FSSWs. Preliminary statistics supported factorability of data. PCA revealed three distinct components of barriers and facilitators that explained 62.80% of the total variance in survey responses. We labeled these components Behavioral and Social Concerns (α = 0.93), Access and Affordability (α = 0.67), and Biologically Based Health Concerns (α = 0.79). This study shows promise for future clinical and research utility of these factors and provides a basis for future psychometric studies of barriers and facilitators to PrEP uptake willingness among FSSWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D Ramos
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- SDSU Research Foundation, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Honor Woodward
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Lynn Kannout
- Department of Psychology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Steff Du Bois
- Department of Psychology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
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Chen S, Yu P, Fang Y, Xin M, Yu FY, Ip M, Mo PKH, Wang Z. Patterns and Factors of the Sexual Agreement for Extra-Dyadic Sex Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Hong Kong, China: A Cross-Sectional Survey. JOURNAL OF SEX & MARITAL THERAPY 2023; 50:303-314. [PMID: 37981896 DOI: 10.1080/0092623x.2023.2279096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated patterns of sexual agreement for extra-dyadic sex and their associations with sexual risk behaviors among men who have sex with men (MSM) having a regular male sex partner (RP) in China. A cross-sectional telephone survey was conducted among 530 MSM recruited through multiple sources in Hong Kong, China, between April and December 2020. This study was based on a subsample of 368 participants who had an RP in the past 6 months. Logistic regression models were fitted. Among the participants, 27.2%, 13.0%, and 3.0% had a closed agreement, an in-between agreement, and an open agreement, respectively. Compared to no agreement, a closed agreement was associated with fewer extra-dyadic partners and fewer instances of condomless sex with extra-dyadic partners. Those who had more positive attitudes toward a closed agreement, perceived more support from significant others to create a closed agreement, and perceived higher behavioral control of refraining from sex with extra-dyadic partners were more likely to have a closed agreement with RP. Those who were concerned that a closed agreement would impair freedom and sexual desire were less likely to have such an agreement. A closed agreement is a potentially useful risk reduction strategy for Chinese MSM with an RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Chen
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Peishi Yu
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Department of Health and Physical Education, the Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Meiqi Xin
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fuk-Yuen Yu
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mary Ip
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Phoenix K H Mo
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zixin Wang
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Moyo PL, Nunu WN. Oral Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Uptake and Acceptability Among Men Who Have Sex With Men: A Scoping Review of the Literature. Am J Mens Health 2023; 17:15579883231201729. [PMID: 37776162 PMCID: PMC10541771 DOI: 10.1177/15579883231201729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the global effort to end the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic as a global threat by 2030, the rate of new HIV infections worldwide remains unacceptably high among men who have sex with men, hence the need to use pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to reduce the risk of HIV infection. This population has an increased risk of getting HIV; thus, it is imperative to assess the uptake and acceptability of PrEP. This study investigated the willingness, availability, accessibility, and knowledge and identified barriers and facilitators to using PrEP among this population. A scoping literature review search was conducted on research papers published in English and focused on men who have sex with men and their use of PrEP. These were independently screened and coded. Of about 1,202 literature sources, 55 were included in the study. Findings reported that the uptake and acceptability of PrEP were influenced by knowledge and perception of being high-risk. Generally, PrEP uptake and understanding were high in North America, Latin America, and Europe and low in Asia and Africa. Low uptake and acceptability have been largely attributed to fear of side effects, societal stigma, cost, and perception of not being at risk. Noted facilitators to PrEP use include education, availability of free pills, support groups, and friendly health care facilities. Health intervention programs to increase the use of PrEP must be backed by appropriate legal and regulatory frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perez Livias Moyo
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Environmental Science, National University of Science & Technology, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
| | - Wilfred Njabulo Nunu
- Office of the Executive Dean, Faculty of Environmental Science, National University of Science & Technology, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
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Guan Y, Qi T, Liao Q, Zhang R, Chen J, Liu L, Shen Y, Zhu H, Tang Q, Lu H. Multi-dimensional mismatch and barriers for promoting PrEP among men who have sex with men in China: a cross sectional survey from the Demand-side. AIDS Res Ther 2023; 20:11. [PMID: 36782323 PMCID: PMC9926770 DOI: 10.1186/s12981-022-00497-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Men who have sex with men (MSM) is a key population for preventing HIV in China, yet pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is not widely accepted in this population. The objective of this manuscript was to assessed the barriers in the acknowledgement and uptake focusing the demand side. METHODS An online questionnaire survey was conducted from December 2018 to January 2019. All participants were required to scan two-dimensional code which was the online crowdsourcing survey platform to complete the electronic questionnaire anonymously. RESULTS Among 1915 MSM from thirty-four cities of China, 512 (26.7%) versus 1617 (84.4%) had an objective or subjective need of PrEP, respectively. One hundred and six (5.5%) reported affordability and only 23 (1.2%) had ever taken it. Age, living alone and occupation were associated with the objective needs. Age, income, sexual behavior were associated with actual usage. The participants who they had objective need to use PrEP are the population which we should focus on. CONCLUSION A wide disconnect exists among the objective need, willingness, affordability and uptake of PrEP. Cost was the most prevalent barrier, accounting for 78.22% of individuals who needed and wished for PrEP but finally failed to receive it. The findings might facilitate optimizing future allocation of resources to better promote PrEP in Chinese MSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Guan
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China ,grid.263817.90000 0004 1773 1790National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease Shenzhen Third Peoples Hospital The Second Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong China
| | - Tangkai Qi
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qibin Liao
- grid.263817.90000 0004 1773 1790National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease Shenzhen Third Peoples Hospital The Second Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong China
| | - Renfang Zhang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Chen
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Liu
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinzhong Shen
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Zhu
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Tang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hongzhou Lu
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease Shenzhen Third Peoples Hospital The Second Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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Mavragani A, Choi KWY, Wu C, Chau PH, Kwok JYY, Wong WCW, Chow EPF. Web-Based Harm Reduction Intervention for Chemsex in Men Who Have Sex With Men: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2023; 9:e42902. [PMID: 36602853 PMCID: PMC9893729 DOI: 10.2196/42902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Men who have sex with men (MSM) who practice chemsex have a higher likelihood of engaging in risky sexual behaviors and higher rates of HIV infection and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) than those who do not. OBJECTIVE This trial aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a web-based intervention in reducing the sexual harms of chemsex among MSM. METHODS The study was a 2-arm, assessor-blinded, randomized, parallel-group trial with a 3-month follow-up period. The study was conducted in the year 2021 in Hong Kong. Underpinned by the theory of planned behaviors and a harm reduction approach, the intervention consisted of interactive components and knowledge-based information about chemsex. Participants in the control group received brief information and content about sexual violence. The primary outcome was self-efficacy in refusing risky sexual behaviors and chemsex, as measured by the Condom Self-Efficacy Scale (CSES), Self-Efficacy for Sexual Safety (SESS) instrument, and Drug Avoidance Self-Efficacy Scale (DASES). The secondary outcomes included intentions to have chemsex, actual engagement in chemsex, HIV and other STI testing, and condom use in the last 3 months. All outcomes were self-reported. An online structured questionnaire was used to collect data. RESULTS In total, 316 MSM enrolled in the study. The intervention group demonstrated a significantly larger improvement in condom-use self-efficacy (as measured by CSES scores; time-by-group interaction: β=4.52, 95% CI 2.03-7.02; P<.001), self-efficacy for sexual safety (as measured by SESS scores; time-by-group interaction: β=2.11, 95% CI 0.66-3.56; P=.004), and drug avoidance self-efficacy (as measured by DASES scores; time-by-group interaction: β=6.98, 95% CI 1.75-12.22; P=.009). Regarding the secondary outcomes, participants in the intervention group demonstrated a significantly larger reduction in the likelihood of having engaged in chemsex in the last 3 months (time-by-group interaction: odds ratio [OR]=0.23, 95% CI 0.10-0.53; P=.001) and likelihood of having had the intention to engage in chemsex in the last 3 months (time-by-group interaction: OR=0.37, 95% CI 0.18-0.78; P=.009). Participants in the intervention group also showed a significantly larger increase in the likelihood of having undergone HIV testing in the last 3 months (time-by-group interaction: OR=3.08, 95% CI 1.72-5.54; P<.001). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that a web-based intervention with a harm reduction approach can enhance the self-efficacy of MSM in refusing risky sexual behaviors and chemsex and improve the uptake of HIV testing. We also provide initial evidence that such interventions can reduce both the intention of MSM to engage in chemsex and their actual engagement in chemsex. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN Registry ISRCTN20134522; https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN20134522. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) RR2-10.1186/s12889-021-10742-8.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kitty Wai Ying Choi
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (Hong Kong).,Sticky Rice Love, Hong Kong, China (Hong Kong)
| | - Chanchan Wu
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (Hong Kong)
| | - Pui Hing Chau
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (Hong Kong)
| | - Jojo Yan Yan Kwok
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (Hong Kong)
| | - William Chi Wai Wong
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (Hong Kong)
| | - Eric Pui Fung Chow
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Shi L, Tang W, Liu X, Hu H, Qiu T, Chen Y, Xu X, Chen Y, Zhang Z, Zhou Y, Lu J, Fu G. Trends of late HIV presentation and advance HIV disease among newly diagnosed HIV cases in Jiangsu, China: A serial cross-sectional study from 2008 to 2020. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1054765. [PMID: 36568791 PMCID: PMC9773559 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1054765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to assess the trends and determine the factors associated with late presentation (LP) and advanced HIV disease (AHD) among newly diagnosed people living with HIV (PLWH) from 2008 to 2020 in Jiangsu, China. Methods Newly diagnosed PLWH registered in the HIV surveillance system from 2008 to 2020 were included. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to analyze the factors associated with LP and AHD. The LP and AHD trends were assessed using Joint-point analysis. Results Of 37,251 newly diagnosed PLWH identified, 30,251(81.2%) patients met the inclusion criteria. Among those, 16,672 (55.1%) were considered LP, and 8,691 (28.7%) had AHD. LP trends steadily increased from 2008 (39.0%) to 2020 (59.4%), but AHD trends decreased visibly from 2016 (32.3%) to 2020 (23.4%). The overall median CD4 trends decreased slowly from 389 to 305 cells/mm3 between 2008 and 2020. Married patients and those older than 35 years were more likely to be LP and have AHD. Patients infected via heterosexual transmission had a higher risk of being classified as AHD (aOR: 1.13, 95%CI: 1.06-1.21) than patients infected via homosexual transmission. Patients that were diagnosed at sexually transmitted infections (STIs) clinics (aOR: 1.10, 95%CI: 1.01-1.20) and in hospitals (aOR: 1.69, 95%CI: 1.59-1.79) were more likely to be classified as LP compared with patients diagnosed at voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) centers. Similar, patients diagnosed at STIs clinics (aOR: 1.23, 95%CI: 1.11-1.36) and hospitals (aOR: 2.27, 95%CI: 2.12-2.43) were more likely to have AHD than patients diagnosed in VCT. Conclusion Our findings indicate an alarming burden of LP in Jiangsu, suggesting the need for more attention toward HIV diagnosis at early CD4 stages. National HIV control programs must strengthen comprehensive interventions for HIV prevention and promote HIV services. Also, strategies for HIV prevention (PrEP and PEP), testing, and treatment must be extended, especially among the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingen Shi
- Institute for STI and HIV Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiming Tang
- Project-China, University of North Carolina, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Institute for STI and HIV Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haiyang Hu
- Institute for STI and HIV Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Qiu
- Institute for STI and HIV Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuheng Chen
- Institute for STI and HIV Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoqin Xu
- Institute for STI and HIV Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunting Chen
- Institute for STI and HIV Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Institute for STI and HIV Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Institute for STI and HIV Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Institute for STI and HIV Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gengfeng Fu
- Institute for STI and HIV Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China,*Correspondence: Gengfeng Fu
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Suen YT, Chan RCH, Wong EMY. Sex Conservatism, Internalized Homonegativity, PrEP Stigma, and Intention to Use PrEP: A Study of Chinese-Speaking Gay and Bisexual Male Youth in Hong Kong. AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR AIDS EDUCATION 2022; 34:467-480. [PMID: 36454136 DOI: 10.1521/aeap.2022.34.6.467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) stigma has been found to be a major barrier to PrEP acceptability and uptake. Research has found that different ethnic/cultural groups display varying levels of PrEP stigma. This article studies sex conservatism and internalized homonegativity as two sexuality- and culture-related aspects that influence PrEP stigma and intention to use PrEP. An online survey of 279 young gay and bisexual men in Hong Kong found that internalized homonegativity was positively associated with PrEP stigma. Respondents who were more conservative about sex showed lower intention to use PrEP, whereas those who had higher income and more positive attitudes about PrEP were more likely to express intention to use PrEP. This study provides novel empirical evidence for understanding PrEP stigma and uptake from a sexuality and cultural perspective. The influence of sexuality- and culture-related factors on PrEP stigma and uptake warrants greater attention, especially in the Asia-Pacific region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiu Tung Suen
- Gender Studies Programme, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Randolph C H Chan
- Department of Special Education and Counselling, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong
| | - Eliz Miu Yin Wong
- Department of Social Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
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Peng Q, Liu X, Tang X, Zhang Q, Zhao J, Zheng C, Zhao F, Zhou Y, Zhang L, Sun L, Zhang H, Jia X, Song Y, Cao T, Wang S, Rao M, Chen Z, Wang H, He Y. Low rate of pre-exposure prophylaxis and post-exposure prophylaxis uptake and high prevalence of transmitted drug resistance among newly diagnosed primary HIV infections in Shenzhen, China: a real-world retrospective study. Chin Med J (Engl) 2022; 135:2730-2737. [PMID: 36719360 PMCID: PMC9945328 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the characteristics of newly diagnosed primary human deficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection in the context of the post-antiretroviral therapy era and HIV drug prophylaxis is essential for achieving the new target of 95-95-95-95 by 2025. This study reported the characteristics of newly diagnosed primary HIV-1 infection in Shenzhen. METHODS This is a real-world retrospective study. Eighty-seven newly diagnosed primary HIV-1-infected patients were recruited from January 2021 to March 2022 at the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen. Demographic, epidemiological, diagnostic, drug resistance, and medical data were described and analyzed. RESULTS Overall, 96.6% (84/87) of the newly identified primary HIV-1-infected patients were male, including 88.5% (77/87) men have sex with men (MSM), with a median age of 29.0 years (Q1-Q3: 24.0-34.0 years); of these, 85.1% (74/87) reported high-risk sexual behaviors with casual partners. The rate of condom usage was only 28.7% (25/87). The overall rate of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) was 8.0% (7/87, including 4 PrEP and 3 PEP cases) around the potential exposure, although 41.4% of the patients had prior awareness of such interventions. Moreover, only 19.5% (17/87) had previously used PrEP or PEP. Of those, 58.8% (10/17) of the patients obtained drugs from the internet, and only 35.3% (6/17) reported good compliance. A total of 54.0% (47/87) of subjects were diagnosed by the HIV nucleic acid test. Acute retroviral syndrome appeared in 54.0% (47/87) of patients. The prevalence of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) mutation was 33.9% (19/56), including 6 (10.7%) against nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) plus non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), 8 (14.3%) against NNRTI, and 5 (8.9%) against protease inhibitor (PI) only. CONCLUSIONS Owing to the low utilization rate and incorrect usage of PrEP and PEP, massive efforts are needed to promote HIV-preventive strategies in the MSM population. The extremely high prevalence of TDR mutation in this population implies the need for future pretreatment drug resistance surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoli Peng
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, HKU AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518112, China
| | - Xiaoning Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, HKU AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518112, China
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Xian Tang
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, HKU AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518112, China
| | - Qiuyue Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, HKU AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518112, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518073, China
| | - Chenli Zheng
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518073, China
| | - Fang Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, HKU AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518112, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, HKU AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518112, China
| | - Lukun Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, HKU AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518112, China
| | - Liqin Sun
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, HKU AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518112, China
| | - Haitao Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, HKU AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518112, China
| | - Xinyun Jia
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, HKU AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518112, China
| | - Ying Song
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, HKU AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518112, China
| | - Tingzhi Cao
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, HKU AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518112, China
| | - Siyuan Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, HKU AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518112, China
| | - Man Rao
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, HKU AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518112, China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, HKU AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518112, China
- Department of Microbiology, AIDS Institute, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Hui Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, HKU AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518112, China
| | - Yun He
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, HKU AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518112, China
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Spieldenner A, Santella AJ, Cooper SC, Rosales K, Goedel WC, Jones HE. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices towards PrEP from Cisgender Men and Transgender Women Who Have Sex with Men in the Largest Suburban HIV Epidemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11640. [PMID: 36141901 PMCID: PMC9517439 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a cross-sectional web-based study to assess attitudes and experiences with HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) amongst a multiracial cohort of gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women in Long Island, New York. Participants were recruited through clinical providers and community-based organizations. The survey assessed knowledge and attitudes toward PrEP and factors that facilitate willingness to take it. Of the 189 respondents, most participants were Latinx/Hispanic (57.1%; n = 105), gay-identifying (81.2%; n = 151), and cisgender men (88.7%; n = 165). One in five participants completed high school or lower (19.4%; n = 36). Among those who had never used PrEP (53.4%; n = 101), nearly all participants were willing to use it if it were free or covered as part of their insurance (89.4%; n = 84). The most common barriers to not using PrEP was not knowing where to obtain it (68.3%; n = 69), concerns about side effects (42.1%; n = 35), and concerns about affordability (38.5%; n = 25). This study discusses specific nuances to the suburbs, including cultural norms and structural barriers that should be incorporated in health promotion initiatives in addressing these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Spieldenner
- Department of Communication and Media Studies, California State University, San Marcos, CA 92096, USA
| | - Anthony J. Santella
- Marion Peckham Egan School of Nursing and Health Studies, Fairfield University, Fairfield, CT 06824, USA
| | - Spring C. Cooper
- Department of Community and Social Sciences, City University of New York School of Public Health, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Kathleen Rosales
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, City University of New York School of Public Health, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - William C. Goedel
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Heidi E. Jones
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, City University of New York School of Public Health, New York, NY 10027, USA
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11
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Wang X, Hu X, Liu Z, Hui H. Associations between self-test and pre- or post-exposure prophylaxis of HIV among men who have sex with men in China. Int J STD AIDS 2022; 33:837-846. [PMID: 35786144 DOI: 10.1177/09564624221108038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to assess HIV self-testing (HIVST), pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) uptake and associations of three HIV prevention strategies among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China. METHODS This study included two stages, baseline and follow-up, and was conducted in Harbin, the capital city of Heilongjiang province in North China. MSM were recruited online and by peer-referral. Data contained an online questionnaire and sampling blood for HIV tests. The research group generated a QR code linking to the survey, and participants were asked to scan this QR code with a cellphone to fill out the questionnaire. MSM at the baseline were imparted knowledge of PrEP, PEP and condom use. RESULTS Between January 2018 and March 2019, the research team enrolled 773 MSM for baseline analysis, and 699 were HIV negative at baseline. For follow-up, 62% (430/699) participants were retained. At baseline, 11.6% (50/430) of the participants was aware of PrEP and 40.9% (176/430) of PEP; 0.7% (3/430) had ever taken PrEP and 3.3% (14/430) had taken PEP. At follow-up, 77.7% (334/430) reported awareness of PrEP and 54.0% (232/430) for PEP; Only 2.6% (11/430) initiated PrEP uptake and 3.0% (13/430) for PEP. Additionally, at follow-up, only 21 participants newly conducted HIVST. Results showed that being willing to pay for PrEP and PEP uptake was associated with conducting HIVST, and initiations of two HIV prevention methods, PrEP and PEP uptake, were significantly associated with each other. CONCLUSIONS Knowledge dissemination increased participant awareness and acceptance of PrEP and PEP effectively. Uptake of HIVST, PrEP, and PEP were low and associated with each other. It is promising to achieve high uptake by promoting HIVST, PrEP and PEP as one prevention package.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Wang
- 196543National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaosong Hu
- 117838Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhongfu Liu
- 196543National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hongtao Hui
- Heilongjiang Kangtong Community, Harbin, China
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12
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Yuan D, Yin Y, Chen J, Lu J, Zhou Y, Fu G, Wang B. Acceptability of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J STD AIDS 2022; 33:218-231. [DOI: 10.1177/09564624211042308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Using pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for the prevention of HIV infection is a popular, contemporary research topic. We retrieved PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, Wanfang, CNKI, and Sinomed databases, and related websites to identify studies both in Chinese and English, which reported the acceptability of PrEP in China. A total of 3203 citations were retrieved, of which 54 were included. We found that the acceptability varied widely across the country, ranging from 19.1% to 94.6%, and the pooled estimate was 66.8% (95% CI: 62.0%–71.3%). Higher acceptability of PrEP was associated with the following factors: individuals with a lower educational degree, higher income, non-discriminatory attitude towards AIDS or AIDS patients, self-perceived high HIV risk, feeling that PrEP should be promoted, familiarity with PrEP, history of HIV testing, history of anal intercourse, consistent condom use, higher number of sexual partners. The main reasons for not using PrEP are doubting its validity, fear of potential side effects and financial burden, and fear of stigma for using PrEP. This review found that the acceptance in China was moderate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Defu Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yueqi Yin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianshuang Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of STD/AIDS Prevention and Control, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of STD/AIDS Prevention and Control, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Gengfeng Fu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Department of STD/AIDS Prevention and Control, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Bei Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Yu S, Cross W, Lam LLY, Zhang K, Banik B, Li X, Wang H. Willingness, preferred ways and potential barriers to use pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention among men who have sex with men in China. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e053634. [PMID: 34716167 PMCID: PMC8559123 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore willingness and preferred ways to use HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), factors associated with willingness, and potential barriers to PrEP use among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Changsha, China. DESIGN A cross-sectional survey was conducted from 25 June to 31 August 2019. Two hundred and fifty-five MSM were recruited from three community-based organisations (CBOs) in Changsha City. Willingness and potential barriers to use PrEP were examined using researcher-created scales. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to analyse the factors associated with willingness to use PrEP. P values <0.05 were considered significant. SETTING Three MSM inclusive CBOs in Changsha, Hunan Province, China. PARTICIPANTS 255 HIV-negative MSM were recruited through their CBOs with snowball sampling. RESULTS Less than half of the participants (43.1%) had heard of PrEP and 15.3% were willing to use PrEP. The participants reported higher willingness to use event-driven PrEP (3.70±0.07) than daily PrEP (2.65±0.07). Higher self-rated risk and fear of contracting HIV (OR: 14.47, 95% CI 2.19 to 95.53), awareness of PrEP (OR: 4.20, 95% CI 1.64 to 10.73), sharing one's own sexual orientation with parents or siblings (OR: 2.52, 95% CI 1.54 to 7.20) and having a university education or above (OR:0.29, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.72) were associated with willingness to use PrEP. Only 12.2% of the sample was concerned about potential barriers to PrEP use. CONCLUSION Efforts to improve awareness and knowledge of PrEP, teach self-evaluation of HIV infection risk and provide social and emotional support for MSM are needed to scale up PrEP implementation in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Yu
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wendy Cross
- School of Health, Federation University Australia, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Louisa Lok Yi Lam
- School of Health, Federation University Australia, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kaili Zhang
- School of Nursing, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Biswajit Banik
- School of Health, Federation University Australia, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xianhong Li
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Honghong Wang
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Willingness to use HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis and associated factors among men who have sex with men in Liuzhou, China. AIDS Res Ther 2021; 18:46. [PMID: 34330300 PMCID: PMC8325278 DOI: 10.1186/s12981-021-00374-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a key component of HIV combination prevention strategies and has the potential to decrease the incidence of HIV in men who have sex with men (MSM). This study aimed to evaluate levels of PrEP acceptability and explore factors associated with willingness to use PrEP among MSM in Liuzhou, China. METHODS Between November 2017 and May 2019, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 829 MSM. The study participants were recruited through a nonprobability sampling method. The participants' demographics, HIV/AIDS knowledge, sexual behaviors, drug use and HIV test history were collected. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with willingness to use PrEP. RESULTS A total of 829 MSM completed the survey, and 30.28% (95% CI 27.3-33.4) were willing to use PrEP. In multivariate logistic regression, factors associated with a higher willingness to use PrEP included Zhuang or Han ethnic origin, recruitment through peer introduction or gay venues, pursuit of a higher education level, previous HIV testing and oral sex with a man. Conversely, having casual sex in the past 6 months was associated with a lower willingness to use PrEP. CONCLUSIONS MSM in Liuzhou reported a relatively low level of willingness to use PrEP. The results indicate the need for effective education, targeted intervention, and implementation strategies to promote PrEP acceptance among MSM.
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Cui S, Ding H, Huang X, Wang H, Tang W, Leuba SI, Ye Z, Jiang Y, Geng W, Xu J, Shang H. Factors Influencing Clinicians' Willingness to Prescribe Pre-exposure Prophylaxis for Persons at High Risk of HIV in China: Cross-sectional Online Survey Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2021; 7:e24235. [PMID: 34085941 PMCID: PMC8214180 DOI: 10.2196/24235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective HIV prevention measure. Clinicians play a crucial role in PrEP implementation, and their knowledge, attitudes, and career experience may affect their willingness to prescribe PrEP. However, little is known about the attitudes and willingness of clinicians to prescribe PrEP in countries without PrEP-specific guidelines. Objective We aimed to determine the factors associated with clinicians being willing to prescribe PrEP in China. Methods Between May and June 2019, we conducted an online cross-sectional survey of clinicians in 31 provinces across the six administrative regions in China on the WeChat smartphone app platform. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with willingness to prescribe PrEP. Results Overall, 777 HIV clinicians completed the survey. Most of the respondents had heard of PrEP (563/777, 72.5%), 31.9% (248/777) thought that PrEP was extremely effective for reducing the risk of HIV infection, and 47.2% (367/777) thought that it was necessary to provide PrEP to high-risk groups. After adjusting for age, gender, ethnicity, and educational background of the clinicians, the following factors significantly increased the odds of the clinicians being willing to prescribe PrEP: having worked for more than 10 years, compared to 5 years or less (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.82, 95% CI 1.96-4.05); having treated more than 100 patients living with HIV per month, compared to 50 patients or fewer (aOR 4.16, 95% CI 2.85-6.08); and having heard of PrEP (aOR 7.32, 95% CI 4.88-10.97). Clinicians were less likely to be willing to prescribe PrEP if they were concerned about poor adherence to PrEP (aOR 0.66, 95% CI 0.50-0.88), the lack of PrEP clinical guidelines (aOR 0.47, 95% CI 0.32-0.70), and the lack of drug indications for PrEP (aOR 0.49, 95% CI 0.32-0.76). Conclusions About half of all clinicians surveyed were willing to prescribe PrEP, but most surveyed had a low understanding of PrEP. Lack of PrEP clinical guidelines, lack of drug indications, and less than 11 years of work experience were the main barriers to the surveyed clinicians’ willingness to prescribe PrEP. Development of PrEP clinical guidelines and drug indications, as well as increasing the availability of PrEP training, could help improve understanding of PrEP among clinicians and, thus, increase the number willing to prescribe PrEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitong Cui
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haibo Ding
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojie Huang
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weiming Tang
- Project-China, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sequoia I Leuba
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Zehao Ye
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongjun Jiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenqing Geng
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junjie Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Shang
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
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16
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Wang Z, Fang Y, Wong NS, Ip M, Guo X, Wong SYS. Facilitators and Barriers to Take Up Clinician-Collected and Self-Collected HPV Tests among Chinese Men Who Have Sex with Men. Viruses 2021; 13:v13040705. [PMID: 33921752 PMCID: PMC8073020 DOI: 10.3390/v13040705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular tests for human papillomavirus (HPV) and early treatment could represent an important strategy for preventing anal cancers among men who have sex with men (MSM). This study investigated facilitators and barriers to take up clinician-collected and self-collected HPV tests among Chinese MSM. This study was based on the baseline sample of a longitudinal study promoting HPV vaccination among 350 Chinese MSM who had never received an HPV vaccination. The baseline survey was conducted from August 2019 to April 2020. The prevalence of any HPV tests uptake in lifetime was 19.1%; 4.9% had HPV infection in anus, genital, oral cavity, and other places. Among the participants, 20% and 76.8% intended to take up self-financed and free clinician-collected HPV tests, and 76.8% intended to use free self-collected HPV tests. After adjusting for significant background characteristics, perceived risk of HPV infection, and perceived benefits, barriers, cue to action, and self-efficacy related to HPV tests in general and/or specific to self-collected HPV tests were associated with behavioral intention to take up free clinician-collected and/or self-collected HPV tests. Less than 20% of Chinese MSM reported HPV tests uptake. Modifying perceptions related to HPV tests may be useful to increase HPV tests coverage in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Wang
- Faculty of Medicine, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (N.S.W.); (M.I.); (X.G.)
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (S.Y.S.W.); Tel.: +852-22528740 (Z.W.); +852-22528774 (S.Y.S.W.)
| | - Yuan Fang
- Department of Early Childhood Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Ngai Sze Wong
- Faculty of Medicine, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (N.S.W.); (M.I.); (X.G.)
| | - Mary Ip
- Faculty of Medicine, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (N.S.W.); (M.I.); (X.G.)
| | - Xin Guo
- Faculty of Medicine, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (N.S.W.); (M.I.); (X.G.)
| | - Samuel Yeung Shan Wong
- Faculty of Medicine, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (N.S.W.); (M.I.); (X.G.)
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (S.Y.S.W.); Tel.: +852-22528740 (Z.W.); +852-22528774 (S.Y.S.W.)
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17
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Chen W, Ding Y, Chen J, Zhao P, Wang Z, Meng X, Jia T, Zheng H, Yang B, Luo Z, Zou H. Awareness of and Preferences for Preexposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) among MSM at High Risk of HIV Infection in Southern China: Findings from the T2T Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6682932. [PMID: 33869634 PMCID: PMC8035020 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6682932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study is aimed at investigating the awareness of and preferences for oral and long-acting injectable HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and their associated factors among men who have sex with men (MSM) at high risk of HIV infection in southern China. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 603 MSM who were recruited through a cohort study called the T2T Study at three sexual health clinics in Guangzhou, Shenzhen, and Wuxi, China, from 2017 to 2018. We collected information on HIV-negative participants' awareness of and willingness to use PrEP and its potential correlations. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used for data analyses. A total of 550 HIV-negative MSM were enrolled in the study. Less than half of at-risk MSM (43.1%) had heard of PrEP before, and the rate of overall willingness to use PrEP was 65.8%, while MSM were more willing to use daily oral PrEP than long-acting injectable- (LAI-) PrEP (62.2% vs. 38.5%). MSM who had university degrees or above (aOR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.01-2.37), used condoms during last anal sex (1.52, 1.01-2.29), and tested 3 times or more for HIV (2.45, 1.10-5.47) were more likely to be aware of PrEP. MSM who had use of gay dating apps (1.51, 1.02-2.23), ever participated in HIV- or sexually transmitted disease (STD-) related studies (1.91, 1.24-2.94), and had heard of PrEP (3.06, 2.06-4.54) were more willing to use any regimen of PrEP. MSM at high risk of HIV infection had low awareness of PrEP and moderate willingness to use PrEP. Further studies of the implementation and promotion of PrEP targeting at-risk MSM should be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiying Chen
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen 518054, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen 518054, China
| | - Jianghao Chen
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen 518054, China
| | - Peipei Zhao
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen 518054, China
- Jane Addams College of Social Work, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago IL 60601, USA
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 510080, China
| | - Xiaojun Meng
- Department of AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Tianjian Jia
- Department of AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Heping Zheng
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhenzhou Luo
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen 518054, China
| | - Huachun Zou
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 510080, China
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney 1466, Australia
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18
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Wang Z, Fang Y, Yaemim N, Jonas KJ, Chidgey A, Ip M, Cheng T, Lau JTF. Factors Predicting Uptake of Sexually Transmitted Infections Testing among Men Who Have Sex with Men Who Are "Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Tourists"-An Observational Prospective Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18073582. [PMID: 33808349 PMCID: PMC8036909 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The term “Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) tourists” refers to individuals who obtain PrEP in other countries and use it in their home countries. A prospective observational cohort study was conducted among a group of men who have sex with men (MSM) who obtained PrEP in private clinics in Thailand and used it in Hong Kong. Participants completed two web-based self-administered surveys when obtaining PrEP in Thailand and three months afterwards. Out of 110 participants at baseline, 67 completed the follow-up. The prevalence of sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing was 47.8% during the follow-up period. Eleven participants received an STI diagnosis, and seven of them were incident infections in the past three months. Participants who perceived a higher chance for STI infection (adjusted odds ratios (AOR): 1.90, 95% CI: 1.00, 3.75) and reported higher intention to take up STI testing at baseline (AOR: 1.62, 95% CI: 1.05, 2.50) were more likely to receive STI testing during the follow-up period. Baseline perceptions that service providers would think they were having risky behaviors because of PrEP use was negatively associated with the dependent variable (AOR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.31, 0.86). Service planning and health promotion related to STI testing is needed for MSM “PrEP tourists”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Wang
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (M.I.); (T.C.)
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (J.T.F.L.)
| | - Yuan Fang
- Department of Early Childhood Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;
| | | | - Kai J. Jonas
- Department of Work and Social Psychology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | | | - Mary Ip
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (M.I.); (T.C.)
| | - Tommy Cheng
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (M.I.); (T.C.)
| | - Joseph T. F. Lau
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (M.I.); (T.C.)
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (J.T.F.L.)
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Luo S, Wang Z, Lau JTF. The General Public's Support Toward Governmental Provision of Free/Subsidized HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis to At-Risk Chinese People: A Population-Based Study. Sex Transm Dis 2021; 48:189-194. [PMID: 32976358 DOI: 10.1097/olq.0000000000001304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given its high cost, governmental financing is essential for promoting HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP). The study investigated levels and associated factors of the general public's support toward governmental provision of free or subsidized PrEP to Chinese people at high risk of HIV. METHODS A population-based random telephone survey was conducted among 300 residents in Hong Kong, China, from June to July, 2019. Descriptive analyses and logistic regression were performed. RESULTS The prevalence rates of supportive attitude for free and subsidized PrEP were 30.0% and 30.3%, respectively; opinions were split, as similar proportions showed oppositional attitude. Those who were older, had less education, did not have a full-time job, or reported a lower household income were less likely to support free or subsidized PrEP. Stigmatizing attitudes against homosexuals (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.81; 95% CI, 0.73-0.89) and perceived negative societal impacts of free PrEP (AOR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.70-0.87) were negatively associated with the support for free PrEP. Compassion to others (AOR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.01-1.21), perceived positive societal impacts of free PrEP (AOR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.43-2.44), and the belief that the positive impacts would overweigh the negative impacts (AOR, 26.97; 95% CI, 10.66-68.24) were positively associated with the support for free PrEP. Similar associations were observed for the support toward subsidized PrEP. CONCLUSIONS The Hong Kong general public's support for government financial assistance of PrEP for people at high risk of HIV was low. Preexposure prophylaxis advocacy campaigns are warranted and suggested to incorporate components that address the associated factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitong Luo
- From the Centre for Health Behaviours Research, Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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20
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Choi EPH, Fong DYT, Wong JYH. The use of the Multidimensional Condom Attitude Scale in Chinese young adults. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2020; 18:331. [PMID: 33032622 PMCID: PMC7545565 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-020-01577-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Attitude towards condom use is an important predictor of consistent condom use. However, this topic is an understudied area in Chinese populations, and no validated Chinese instrument is available to capture condom attitude. To fill this research gap, the present study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Multidimensional Condom Attitudes Scale (MCAS) and assessed the attitudes towards condom use amongst Chinese adults aged 18–29 years old.
Methods In this cross-sectional study, a total of 500 people aged 18–29 years old were randomly recruited in Hong Kong. The primary outcome was the attitude towards condom use as measured by the UCLA MCAS. Factor structure, internal construct validity, known-group validity and internal consistency were assessed. Results Instead of the five-factor structure designed by the original developers of the MCAS questionnaire, this study proposed a novel six-factor scale: (1) Reliability and Effectiveness, (2) Excitement, (3) Displeasure, (4) Identity Stigma, (5) Embarrassment about Negotiation and (6) Embarrassment about Purchase. The internal construct validity and reliability of the new scale were high. The revised MCAS could differentiate between subgroups, including gender, sexual orientation and sexual experience. In terms of attitudes, over 40% of the participants believed that condoms are not reliable, though the vast majority of the sample did not perceive any stigma related to condom use. In addition, more than half (55.4%) of the respondents felt embarrassed to be seen when buying condoms while a quarter (25.8%) felt uncomfortable buying condoms at all. Conclusions Overall, the psychometric analysis found that attitude to condom use is culturally specific. The study also highlighted the need for more public health campaigns and interventions to help people cope with the embarrassment of purchasing condoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmond Pui Hang Choi
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 4/F, William M.W. Mong Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong.
| | - Daniel Yee Tak Fong
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 4/F, William M.W. Mong Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Janet Yuen Ha Wong
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 4/F, William M.W. Mong Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
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21
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Si M, Su X, Yan L, Jiang Y, Liu Y, Wei C, Yan H. Barriers and facilitators in pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use intention among Chinese homosexual men. GLOBAL HEALTH JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.glohj.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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22
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Wang Z, Mo PKH, Ip M, Fang Y, Lau JTF. Uptake and willingness to use PrEP among Chinese gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men with experience of sexualized drug use in the past year. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:299. [PMID: 32321442 PMCID: PMC7178573 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05024-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sexualized drug use (SDU) refers to use of any psychoactive substance before/during sexual intercourse. Chemsex is a subset of SDU, which is defined as the use of some specific psychoactive substances (methamphetamine, mephedrone, γ-hydroxybutyrate, ketamine and cocaine) before/during sexual intercourse. SDU and chemsex are prevalent among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM). This study investigated uptake and willingness to use pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among a sample of GBMSM in Hong Kong with experience of SDU in the past year. Methods A total of 600 GBMSM were recruited by convenient sampling through outreaching in gay venues, online recruitment and peer referral. Participants completed a cross-sectional anonymous telephone interview. This study was based on a subsample of 580 GBMSM self-reported as HIV negative/unknown sero-status. Results Of the participants, 82 (14.1%) and 37 (6.4%) had experience of SDU and chemsex in the past year. The prevalence of PrEP uptake was 4.0% among all participants and 14.6% among those with experience of SDU in the past year. Among GBMSM with experience of SDU in the past year who were not on PrEP (n = 70), 67.1% were willing to use daily oral PrEP in the next 6 months. Multivariate logistic regression models showed that positive attitudes toward PrEP (AOR: 2.37, 95%CI: 1.47, 3.82), perceived support from significant others to use PrEP (AOR: 9.67, 95%CI: 2.95, 31.71), and perceived behavioral control of using PrEP (AOR: 19.68, 95%CI: 5.44, 71.26) were significantly associated with higher willingness to use PrEP. Conclusion GBMSM with experience of recent SDU are potentially good candidates of PrEP implementation. This group of GBMSM reported high prevalence of uptake and willingness to use PrEP. Perceptions related to PrEP based on the Theory of Planned Behavior were significantly associated with willingness to use PrEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Wang
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. .,Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Phoenix K H Mo
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mary Ip
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Department of Early Childhood Education, Faculty of Education and Human Development, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Joseph T F Lau
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
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Cao W, Sun S, Peng L, Gu J, Hao C, Li J, Wei D, Gilmour S, Li J. Low willingness to pay for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:337. [PMID: 32178657 PMCID: PMC7077166 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08488-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is recommended as an HIV prevention strategy for key populations, in particular men who have sex with men (MSM). However, the willingness to pay market rate for PrEP is largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate the willingness to pay for PrEP and its associated factors among MSM living in Mainland China. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 689 MSM who were recruited through a gay-friendly health consulting service center in Chengdu, China during 2018–2019. We collected information on participants’ willingness to pay for PrEP and its potential correlates (e.g., PrEP awareness and acceptability, perceived risk of HIV infection) using a structured questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used for data analyses. Results Only 14.1% of respondents indicated they would not pay any money for PrEP, around half (49.3%) would like to pay $14–84 per month, and very few (6.8%) would like to pay ≥283 per month (market rate). We found that PrEP awareness (unadjusted odds ratio (ORu) = 1.41; 95% CI: 1.01–1.97), acceptability (ORu =1.20; 95% CI: 1.07–1.34), perceived PrEP adherence (ORu =1.23; 95% CI: 1.08–1.41), and perceived PrEP benefit in reducing condom use (ORu =1.29; 95% CI: 1.07–1.55) were all associated with participants’ willingness to pay the market rate for PrEP. Other facilitators of PrEP pay willingness included full disclosure of sexual orientation to health professionals, high HIV literacy, and a high degree of HIV disclosure with sex partners. Conclusions The overall willingness to pay for the market rate of PrEP was low among this urban sample of Chinese MSM. Programs aiming to promote PrEP pay willingness should provide enhanced counseling to improve PrEP-related cognition, deliver accurate HIV/PrEP information to increase health literacy, and decrease stigma towards sexual minorities to develop trust with health professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangnan Cao
- School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Shengzhi Sun
- School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Liping Peng
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Gu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun Hao
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jibin Li
- Department of Clinical Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dannuo Wei
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Stuart Gilmour
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jinghua Li
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. .,Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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24
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Huang W, Wu D, Ong JJ, Smith MK, Yang F, Fu H, Tang W, Tucker JD. Prepared for PrEP: preferences for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis among Chinese men who have sex with men in an online national survey. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:1057. [PMID: 31842772 PMCID: PMC6916236 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4692-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is not widely available in China. Previous studies reported low awareness and inconclusive findings on the acceptability of PrEP among Chinese men who have sex with men (MSM). METHODS We conducted a secondary analysis of an online national survey comparing preferences for oral and long-acting injectable PrEP among MSM and identifying correlates of preferences. The study did not collect detailed information about partner types that may influence negotiated safety and PrEP uptake. RESULTS Nine-hundred and seventy-nine men from the larger sample of 1045 men responded to the PrEP survey questions. Most men (81.9%) had never heard of PrEP, but reported interest in using PrEP. More participants chose injectable PrEP (36.3%) as their preferred formulation than oral PrEP (24.6%). Men who had at least two HIV tests (adjusted OR = 1.36, 95%CI 1.04, 1.78) more commonly preferred injectable PrEP. CONCLUSION Our findings may help inform PrEP messaging in areas where PrEP has yet to be scaled up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Huang
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Project-China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Wu
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Project-China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jason J. Ong
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - M. Kumi Smith
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Twin Cities, USA
| | - Fan Yang
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Project-China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyun Fu
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Project-China, Guangzhou, China
- Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, USA
| | - Weiming Tang
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Project-China, Guangzhou, China
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Joseph D. Tucker
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Project-China, Guangzhou, China
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
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25
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Ritchwood TD, He J, Smith MK, Tang W, Ong JJ, Oduro A, Ntlapo N, Tucker JD. "Getting to Zero" Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in China: a Review of the HIV Care Continuum. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 2019; 16:431-438. [PMID: 31792704 PMCID: PMC7163396 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-019-00472-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review the literature on progress towards UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets for HIV prevention and treatment among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China. RECENT FINDINGS China has made progress towards UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets among MSM. However, socio-structural barriers, including HIV-related stigma and homophobia, persist at each stage of the HIV care continuum, leading to substantial levels of attrition and high risk of forward HIV transmission. Moreover, access to key prevention tools, such as pre-exposure prophylaxis, is still limited. Multilevel interventions, many using digital intervention, have been shown effective in pragmatic randomized controlled trials in China. Multilevel interventions incorporating digital health have led to significant improvement in engagement of Chinese MSM in the HIV care continuum. However, interventions that address socio-structural determinants, including HIV-related stigma and discrimination, towards Chinese MSM are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiarney D Ritchwood
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Duke University School of Medicine, 2200 W Main St, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Jiayu He
- Social Entrepreneurship to Spur Health (SESH), Guangzhou, China
| | - M Kumi Smith
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Weiming Tang
- Social Entrepreneurship to Spur Health (SESH), Guangzhou, China
- University of North Carolina Project-China, Guangzhou, China
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jason J Ong
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Asantewa Oduro
- Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Noluthando Ntlapo
- Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Joseph D Tucker
- Social Entrepreneurship to Spur Health (SESH), Guangzhou, China
- University of North Carolina Project-China, Guangzhou, China
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Institute of Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Congruence between Hypothetical Willingness to Use Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) and Eligibility: An Online Survey among Belgian Men Having Sex with Men. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16224411. [PMID: 31718012 PMCID: PMC6888586 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16224411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Men who have sex with men (MSM) are at high risk for acquiring HIV in Belgium. This study explores MSMs’ hypothetical willingness to use pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), assesses it against formal PrEP eligibility criteria, and identifies factors associated with incongruence between eligibility and willingness. We used data from an online survey of n = 1444 self-reported HIV-negative MSM. Participants were recruited through social media of MSM organizations and dating apps. Univariate analysis described PrEP willingness and eligibility; bivariate analyses examined how specific co-variates (socio-demographic, knowledge-related, and attitudinal and behavioral factors) were associated with eligibility and willingness. About 44% were eligible for PrEP and about 70% were willing to use it. Those who were eligible were significantly more likely be willing to take PrEP (p < 0.001). Two incongruent groups emerged: 16% of eligible participants were unwilling and 58% of ineligible participants were willing to use PrEP. Factors associated with this incongruence were sexual risk behavior, HIV risk perception, partner status, PrEP knowledge, and attitudinal factors. Because the two groups differ in terms of profiles, it is important to tailor HIV prevention and sexual health promotion to their needs. Among those at risk but not willing to take PrEP, misconceptions about PrEP, and adequate risk perception should be addressed.
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Brief Report: A Panel Management and Patient Navigation Intervention Is Associated With Earlier PrEP Initiation in a Safety-Net Primary Care Health System. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2019; 79:347-351. [PMID: 30085955 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000001828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Timely pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) initiation is critical in at-risk populations, given that HIV acquisition risk persists during delays. Time to treatment initiation, a key metric in HIV care, has not been explored among PrEP users. Interventions that reduce time to PrEP initiation could prevent HIV infections. SETTING Individuals initiating PrEP in a large primary care health network of 15 clinics, the San Francisco Primary Care Clinics (SFPCC), from July 2012 to July 2017 (N = 411). METHODS We examined factors associated with time from first PrEP discussion with a provider to PrEP initiation date using an adjusted Cox proportional-hazards model, with hazard ratios (HRs) >1 indicating earlier initiation. We also examined the relationship between delayed PrEP initiation and PrEP persistence (staying on PrEP) in an adjusted Cox proportional-hazards model. RESULTS PrEP users initiated PrEP after a median of only 7 days. However, there were notable outliers, with 29% waiting >30 days and 12% waiting >90 days. In an adjusted proportional-hazards model, a panel management and patient navigation intervention was associated with earlier PrEP initiation [HR: 1.5; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1 to 2.0], whereas only other race/ethnicity compared with white race was associated with delayed PrEP initiation (HR: 0.7; 95% CI: 0.5 to 1.0). Delayed PrEP initiation >30 days was associated with shorter PrEP persistence in an adjusted proportional-hazards model (HR: 1.3; 95% CI: 1.0 to 1.7). CONCLUSIONS PrEP initiation within a week is feasible in a primary care safety-net health system. Setting a goal of rapid PrEP initiation, with the support of panel management and patient navigation, could address delays in at-risk groups.
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Li Q, Li X, Luo Y, Fang D, Chen J, Zhang X, Lv X, Jin J, Xu K, Luo W, Qian HZ. HIV incidence and cohort retention among men who have sex with men in Hangzhou, China: A prospective cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e17419. [PMID: 31577756 PMCID: PMC6783165 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000017419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Prospective cohort studies have been conducted to estimate HIV incidence among men who have sex with men (MSM) in first-line megacities cities (>10 million residents) in China, but few in the second-line large- or middle-size cities. This study was to investigate HIV incidence and cohort retention among MSM in a second-line city Hangzhou in eastern China.A total of 523 HIV-seronegative MSM were recruited during September 2014 to September 2015, and were followed up prospectively at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Questionnaire interviews were conducted, and laboratory tests were performed to evaluate baseline syphilis infection and HIV seroconversions. Chi-square test and logistic regression model were used to identify factors associated with cohort retention rate and syphilis prevalence.Of 523 participants, 137 (26.2%) completed 6-month follow-up, and use of Internet for recruiting study participants (vs other recruitments: adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.5; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.3-0.8) and being homosexual (vs heterosexual or bisexual: AOR = 0.6; 95% CI: 0.4-0.9) were associated with lower cohort retention. The overall HIV incidence during 12 months of follow-up was 6.6 per 100 person-years (95% CI: 3.4-9.8/100 PY). The prevalence of syphilis at baseline was 6.5% (95% CI: 4.4%-8.6%), and disclosing sexual orientation (AOR = 0.4, 95% CI: 0.2-0.9) was associated with lower risk of syphilis infection.HIV is spreading rapidly among MSM in the second-line Chinese city. Effective interventions are needed to target this population in both first-line megacities and second-line large and middle-size cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchun Li
- Hangzhou City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiting Li
- Hangzhou City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Hangzhou City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dai Fang
- Department of Biostatistics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Junfang Chen
- Hangzhou City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingliang Zhang
- Hangzhou City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Lv
- Xiacheng District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Jin
- Hangzhou City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Hangzhou City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenjie Luo
- Hangzhou City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Han-Zhu Qian
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
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Willingness to Use and Adhere to HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) among Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM) in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16142620. [PMID: 31340482 PMCID: PMC6678719 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16142620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the levels of willingness to use pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and intention to adhere to PrEP and to further explore factors associated with PrEP uptake among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China. A total of 524 MSM were recruited from Chengdu, China. Half of the participants had heard of PrEP, and the awareness rate varied from 33.8%, 30.7%, and 7.1% for daily oral PrEP, on-demand PrEP, and long-acting injectable PrEP (LAI-PrEP), respectively. The overall willingness to use any type of PrEP in the next six months was 84.9% if PrEP is effective and provided for free. Participants were less likely to say that they would use PrEP if they used a condom consistently with their regular partners. However, participants were more likely to say that they would use PrEP if they had casual partners in the past month and had higher HIV prevention literacy. The majority of participants intended to adhere to PrEP prescription. More than forty percent (43.1%) of the participants reported that they might reduce condom use if they took PrEP. We found that the overall willingness to use PrEP was high among MSM living in China, but willingness varied across the different types of PrEP.
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Kwan TH, Lee SS. Bridging Awareness and Acceptance of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Among Men Who Have Sex With Men and the Need for Targeting Chemsex and HIV Testing: Cross-Sectional Survey. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2019; 5:e13083. [PMID: 31271148 PMCID: PMC6636239 DOI: 10.2196/13083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is currently an important tool for HIV prevention, especially in communities with higher risk of infection, notably men who have sex with men (MSM). To date, PrEP has remained generally unavailable in many cities around the world. In the planning of strategies for PrEP targeting MSM, community assessment is crucial to understand members’ responses to the new intervention. Objective Awareness and acceptance are 2 different but intricately linked contexts of PrEP. The aim of this study was to identify the determinants of awareness and acceptance of PrEP among MSM and to delineate their interrelationships in Hong Kong where PrEP services have not been developed. Methods A Web-based questionnaire survey was administered in light of the popularity of the internet as a platform for information and networking in the MSM community. Factors associated with PrEP acceptance and awareness were separately analyzed, and their predictors were subsequently tested by multivariate logistic regression. Associations between acceptance and awareness of PrEP were examined by factor network analysis. Results Between August and September 2016, results from a total of 453 HIV-negative MSM were analyzed. Half (49.7%, 225/453) of the respondents were aware of PrEP, and 78.3% (355/453) would consider using PrEP when it becomes available. Awareness of PrEP was associated with recent (P=.01) and ongoing (P=.04) use of psychotropic drugs for sex (chemsex). MSM who used online forums to seek sex partners had lower awareness (P=.04) than those visiting physical venues for sex networking. MSM who accepted PrEP were more likely users of internet channels for sex networking (P=.049), especially location-based social network apps (P=.04). MSM accepting PrEP were more concerned about their partners’ HIV status (P=.002), history of sexually transmitted infections (P=.01), condom use (P=.02), and HIV testing behavior (P=.02). Multivariate logistic regressions revealed that PrEP awareness was related to one’s networking pattern, whereas its acceptance was associated with inclination to self-protect from HIV. Factor network analysis highlighted the importance of chemsex, which was linked by over half of the edges, whereas the rest were contributed by HIV testing behaviors. Conclusions In Hong Kong, the overall awareness among MSM toward PrEP was only moderate but their acceptance was higher. Targeting MSM with chemsex behaviors through Web-based platforms and parallel development of tailored HIV testing services are important when introducing PrEP in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsz Ho Kwan
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (Hong Kong)
| | - Shui Shan Lee
- Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (Hong Kong)
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Sophus AI, Mitchell JW. A Review of Approaches Used to Increase Awareness of Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) in the United States. AIDS Behav 2019; 23:1749-1770. [PMID: 30306434 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-018-2305-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PrEP is an important and useful HIV prevention strategy, yet awareness remains low among at-risk populations in the United States and elsewhere in the world. As previous studies have shown PrEP awareness to be important to PrEP uptake, understanding approaches to increase PrEP awareness is imperative. The current systematic review provides an overview of published articles and on-going research on PrEP awareness. Using PRISMA guidelines, two published articles and seven on-going research studies were identified that use different approaches to increase PrEP awareness. Findings highlight the need for research to target other at-risk populations and geographic areas. Future research should consider the use of technology and network approaches to assess whether they lead to increased awareness, accurate knowledge, and uptake of PrEP, along with examining which messaging works best for specific targeted, at-risk population(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber I Sophus
- Office of Public Health Studies, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 1960 East-West Rd, Biomed T110, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA.
| | - Jason W Mitchell
- Office of Public Health Studies, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 1960 East-West Rd, Biomed T110, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
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Han J, Bouey JZH, Wang L, Mi G, Chen Z, He Y, Viviani T, Zhang F. PrEP uptake preferences among men who have sex with men in China: results from a National Internet Survey. J Int AIDS Soc 2019; 22:e25242. [PMID: 30724470 PMCID: PMC6364490 DOI: 10.1002/jia2.25242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION HIV incidence among men who have sex with men (MSM) is high in China. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a promising mean to prevent HIV transmission but it is not widely available in China. We conducted a large Internet-based online survey to assess the willingness of Chinese MSM to take PrEP and associated factors to their uptake preferences. METHODS Between 19 January and 6 February, 2017, 4581 MSM aged over 15 years were recruited via a social networking app to take an online PrEP survey. HIV status at the time of the survey being conducted was not one of recruitment criteria. Participants were asked if they had heard of PrEP, if they had concerns about PrEP, and if they would be ready to uptake PrEP should it be provided. When asked if participants were willing to take PrEP, they were asked to select from the following responses: "definitely not," "probably not," "not sure," "probably yes," and "definitely yes." In the final analysis, we grouped these five-level Likert scale responses into three-level responses as "definitely yes," "probably yes," and "no (definitely not/probably not/not sure)." Descriptive analysis and multinomial logistic regressions were conducted to assess the associations of PrEP adoption readiness and uptake concerns with HIV risk behaviours and demographic characteristics. RESULTS MSM from 33 geographical regions of China participated in the survey. The majority were younger than 25 (65.2%) and had attended college (68.6%). HIV prevalence was high (6.8%) and 43.3% reported a history of unprotected anal sex. Only 22.4% of participants had heard of PrEP. When asked if they would uptake PrEP, 26.0% said "definitely yes," 49.6% were "probably yes," and 24.4% said "no." PrEP adoption readiness was associated with having previously heard of PrEP and expressing concerns about accessibility and cost. Worries about side effects, low perceived HIV risk, preference for condoms, and never having received HIV testing were negatively associated with PrEP uptake willingness. CONCLUSION Young and well-educated Chinese MSM reported a low willingness to uptake PrEP despite being high-risk for HIV. Effective education, especially through online mediums, will be critical to optimize this group's PrEP uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Han
- Beijing Ditan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Clinical Center for HIV/AIDSCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jennifer ZH Bouey
- Department of International HealthSNHSGeorgetown UniversityWashingtonDCUSA
| | - Liming Wang
- Beijing Ditan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | | | | | - Ying He
- Clinical Center for HIV/AIDSCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Tara Viviani
- Department of BiologyGeorgetown UniversityWashingtonDCUSA
| | - Fujie Zhang
- Beijing Ditan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Clinical Center for HIV/AIDSCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
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Modelling the Epidemiological Impact and Cost-Effectiveness of PrEP for HIV Transmission in MSM in China. AIDS Behav 2019; 23:523-533. [PMID: 29971734 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-018-2205-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Risk of HIV infection is high in Chinese MSM, with an annual HIV incidence ranging from 3.41 to 13.7/100 person-years. Tenofovir-based PrEP is effective in preventing HIV transmission in MSM. This study evaluates the epidemiological impact and cost-effectiveness of implementing PrEP in Chinese MSM over the next two decades. A compartmental model for HIV was used to forecast the impact of PrEP on number of infections, deaths, and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) averted. We also provide an estimate of the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) and the cost per DALY averted of the intervention. Without PrEP, there will be 1.1-3.0 million new infections and 0.7-2.3 million HIV-related deaths in the next two decades. Moderate PrEP coverage (50%) would prevent 0.17-0.32 million new HIV infections. At Truvada's current price in China, daily oral PrEP costs $46,813-52,008 per DALY averted and is not cost-effective; on-demand Truvada reduces ICER to $25,057-27,838 per DALY averted, marginally cost-effective; daily generic tenofovir-based regimens further reduce ICER to $3675-8963, wholly cost-effective. The cost of daily oral Truvada PrEP regimen would need to be reduced by half to achieve cost-effectiveness and realize the public health good of preventing hundreds of thousands of HIV infections among MSM in China.
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Zheng ZW, Qiu JL, Gu J, Xu HF, Cheng WB, Hao C. Preexposure prophylaxis comprehension and the certainty of willingness to use preexposure prophylaxis among men who have sex with men in China. Int J STD AIDS 2018; 30:4-11. [PMID: 30139308 DOI: 10.1177/0956462418781142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is not available in China and the willingness to use PrEP among Chinese men who have sex with men (MSM) is not clear. The aim of this study was to better understand the association between PrEP comprehension and the willingness to use PrEP under varying conditions among MSM. An online survey investigating personal characteristics, PrEP comprehension, and PrEP willingness among MSM was conducted. A third of respondents (36.2%, 196 out of 541) reported that they would like to use PrEP. Compared with MSM with a basic level of PrEP comprehension, MSM with a high level were more likely to report clear choices: a willingness or unwillingness to use PrEP (82.4% versus 65.7%, p <0.01). Among 350 MSM willing to use PrEP or uncertain about uptake, those with a high level of PrEP comprehension were more likely to use PrEP daily (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.71, 95% confidence interval 1.04-2.80), and to use PrEP with mild or other side effects (AOR = 2.72 or 2.77). A high level of PrEP comprehension is a key factor in urging MSM to use PrEP under varying conditions. Our findings call attention to the need for health education to improve PrEP comprehension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Wei Zheng
- 1 Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology & Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, School of Public Health and Institute of State Governance, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Ling Qiu
- 1 Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology & Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, School of Public Health and Institute of State Governance, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Gu
- 1 Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology & Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, School of Public Health and Institute of State Governance, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- 2 Health Information Research Center & Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Fang Xu
- 3 Department of AIDS Control and Prevention, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Bin Cheng
- 3 Department of AIDS Control and Prevention, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun Hao
- 1 Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology & Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, School of Public Health and Institute of State Governance, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- 2 Health Information Research Center & Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Wei C, Raymond HF. Pre-exposure prophylaxis for men who have sex with men in China: challenges for routine implementation. J Int AIDS Soc 2018; 21:e25166. [PMID: 29998619 PMCID: PMC6041569 DOI: 10.1002/jia2.25166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chongyi Wei
- Department of Social and Behavioral Health SciencesRutgers School of Public HealthPiscatawayNJUSA
| | - H Fisher Raymond
- Department of EpidemiologyRutgers School of Public HealthPiscatawayNJUSA
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