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Gupta P, Meher MK, Tripathi S, Poluri KM. Nanoformulations for dismantling fungal biofilms: The latest arsenals of antifungal therapy. Mol Aspects Med 2024; 98:101290. [PMID: 38945048 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2024.101290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Globally, fungal infections have evolved as a strenuous challenge for clinicians, particularly in patients with compromised immunity in intensive care units. Fungal co-infection in Covid-19 patients has made the situation more formidable for healthcare practitioners. Surface adhered fungal population known as biofilm often develop at the diseased site to elicit antifungal tolerance and recalcitrant traits. Thus, an innovative strategy is required to impede/eradicate developed biofilm and avoid the formation of new colonies. The development of nanocomposite-based antibiofilm solutions is the most appropriate way to withstand and dismantle biofilm structures. Nanocomposites can be utilized as a drug delivery medium and for fabrication of anti-biofilm surfaces capable to resist fungal colonization. In this context, the present review comprehensively described different forms of nanocomposites and mode of their action against fungal biofilms. Amongst various nanocomposites, efficacy of metal/organic nanoparticles and nanofibers are particularly emphasized to highlight their role in the pursuit of antibiofilm strategies. Further, the inevitable concern of nanotoxicology has also been introduced and discussed with the exigent need of addressing it while developing nano-based therapies. Further, a list of FDA-approved nano-based antifungal formulations for therapeutic usage available to date has been described. Collectively, the review highlights the potential, scope, and future of nanocomposite-based antibiofilm therapeutics to address the fungal biofilm management issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal Gupta
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India; Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era (Demmed to be Unievrsity), Dehradun, 248001, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Meher
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Shweta Tripathi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Krishna Mohan Poluri
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India; Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
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2
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El-Gazzar N, Elez RMMA, Attia ASA, Abdel-Warith AWA, Darwish MM, Younis EM, Eltahlawi RA, Mohamed KI, Davies SJ, Elsohaby I. Antifungal and antibiofilm effects of probiotic Lactobacillus salivarius, zinc nanoparticles, and zinc nanocomposites against Candida albicans from Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus), water and humans. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1358270. [PMID: 38895734 PMCID: PMC11183309 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1358270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Candida albicans (C. albicans) can form biofilms; a critical virulence factor that provides effective protection from commercial antifungals and contributes to public health issues. The development of new antifungal therapies, particularly those targeting biofilms, is imperative. Thus, this study was conducted to investigate the antifungal and antibiofilm effects of Lactobacillus salivarius (L. salivarius), zinc nanoparticles (ZnNPs) and nanocomposites (ZnNCs) on C. albicans isolates from Nile tilapia, fish wash water and human fish sellers in Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. Methods A cross-sectional study collected 300 samples from tilapia, fish wash water, and fish sellers (100 each). Probiotic L. salivarius was immobilized with ZnNPs to synthesize ZnNCs. The study assessed the antifungal and antibiofilm activities of ZnNPs, L. salivarius, and ZnNCs compared to amphotericin (AMB). Results Candida spp. were detected in 38 samples, which included C. albicans (42.1%), C. glabrata (26.3%), C. krusei (21.1%), and C. parapsilosis (10.5%). A total of 62.5% of the isolates were resistant to at least one antifungal agent, with the highest resistance to nystatin (62.5%). However, 75% of the isolates were highly susceptible to AMB. All C. albicans isolates exhibited biofilm-forming capabilities, with 4 (25%) isolates showing strong biofilm formation. At least one virulence-associated gene (RAS1, HWP1, ALS3, or SAP4) was identified among the C. albicans isolates. Probiotics L. salivarius, ZnNPs, and ZnNCs displayed antibiofilm and antifungal effects against C. albicans, with ZnNCs showing significantly higher inhibitory activity. ZnNCs, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 10 µg/mL, completely reduced C. albicans biofilm gene expression. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy images of C. albicans biofilms treated with ZnNCs revealed asymmetric, wrinkled surfaces, cell deformations, and reduced cell numbers. Conclusion This study identified virulent, resistant C. albicans isolates with strong biofilm-forming abilities in tilapia, water, and humans, that pose significant risks to public health and food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nashwa El-Gazzar
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Rasha M. M. Abou Elez
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Amira S. A. Attia
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | - Manal M. Darwish
- Medical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, Giza, Egypt
| | - Elsayed M. Younis
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rehab A. Eltahlawi
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | - Simon J. Davies
- Aquaculture Nutrition Research Unit ANRU, Carna Research Station, Ryan Institute, College of Science and Engineering, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ibrahim Elsohaby
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Applied One Health Research and Policy Advice (OHRP), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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3
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Grayton QE, Conlon IL, Broberg CA, Schoenfisch MH. Impact of Nitric Oxide-Release Kinetics on Antifungal Activity. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:308. [PMID: 38786663 PMCID: PMC11121837 DOI: 10.3390/jof10050308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic fungi are an increasing health threat due to the rise in drug resistance. The limited number of antifungals currently available and growing incidence of multi-drug-resistant fungi has caused rising healthcare costs and a decreased quality of life for patients with fungal infections. Nitric oxide (NO) has previously been shown to act as an antimicrobial agent, albeit with a limited understanding of the effects of the NO-release kinetics against pathogenic fungi. Herein, the antifungal effects of four nitric oxide-releasing small molecules were studied against the pathogenic fungi Candida albicans, Candida auris, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Aspergillus fumigatus, to demonstrate the broad-spectrum antifungal activity of NO. A bolus dose of NO was found to eradicate fungi after 24 h, where nitric oxide donors with shorter half-lives achieved antifungal activity at lower concentrations and thus had wider selectivity indexes. Each NO donor was found to cause a severe surface destruction of fungi, and all NO donors exhibited compatibility with currently prescribed antifungals against several different fungi species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quincy E. Grayton
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (Q.E.G.); (C.A.B.)
| | - Ivie L. Conlon
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (Q.E.G.); (C.A.B.)
| | - Christopher A. Broberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (Q.E.G.); (C.A.B.)
| | - Mark H. Schoenfisch
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (Q.E.G.); (C.A.B.)
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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4
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Bharti S, Singh B, Kumar S, Kumar R, Kumar J. Synthesis of bio-stabilized silver nanoparticles using Roccella montagnei, their anticandidal capacities & potential to inhibit the virulence factors in fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:158. [PMID: 38592601 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-03928-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Candida species is the causative agent in approximately 80% of invasive mycoses and drug-resistant Candida albicans is among the four strains of 'critical priority group' framed by WHO. Lichens are endowed with some rare phytochemicals and a plethora of therapeutics viz. antifungal capacities of Roccella montagnei. Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using lichen could offer an eco-friendly, and cost-effective alternative against emerging 'microbial resistance.' Therefore, the objective was to biosynthesize silver nanoparticles (Rm-AgNPs) using a Hydro-alcoholic (1:1) extract of R. montagnei to develop a potent anticandidal agent against Fluconazole-resistant C. albicans NBC099. UV-Spectroscopy identified AgNPs specific-peak of Rm-AgNPs at 420-440 nm and FTIR revealed the presence of amines, alcohol, aromatic compounds, and acids. SEM and TEM analysis indicated that Rm-AgNPs are spherical shaped with a size range of 10-50 nm. Zetasizer analysis indicated that particles are highly stable and have a mean hydrodynamic diameter of 116 nm with a zeta potential charge of - 41 mV. XRD analysis suggested face centered cubic crystal lattice structure. Results indicated that Rm-AgNPs strongly inhibited the growth of NBC099 at a minimum inhibitory concentration (IC50) of ≤ 15 µg. C. albicans culture treated with Rm-AgNPs at concentrations below IC50, down-regulates the production of different virulence factors in NBC099, viz. hyphal formation (> 85%), biofilms production (> 80%), phospholipase, esterase, proteinase activity. The apoptosis assay demonstrated the Rm-AgNPs induced apoptosis in NBC099 cells via oxidative stress. Interestingly, Rm-AgNPs showed negligible cytotoxicity (< 6%) in murine RAW 246.7 macrophage cells at a concentration above 15 µg/mL. Therefore, Rm-AgNPs have been offered as an anti-candida alternative that can be utilized to improve the efficacy of already available medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Bharti
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Lucknow, India
| | - Balwant Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, India
| | - Sanket Kumar
- Department of Botany, School of Sciences, IFTM University, Moradabad, 244102, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Lucknow, India
| | - Jatinder Kumar
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, India.
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5
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He J, Ma Y, Niu X, Pei J, Yan R, Xu F, Ma J, Ma X, Jia S, Ma W. Silver nanoparticles induce endothelial cytotoxicity through ROS-mediated mitochondria-lysosome damage and autophagy perturbation: The protective role of N-acetylcysteine. Toxicology 2024; 502:153734. [PMID: 38290605 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2024.153734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are used increasingly often in the biomedical field, but their potential deleterious effects on the cardiovascular system remain to be elucidated. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the toxic effects, and the underlying mechanisms of these effects, of AgNPs on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), as well as the protective role of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) against cytotoxicity induced by AgNPs. In this study, we found that exposure to AgNPs affects the morphology and function of endothelial cells which manifests as decreased cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis ability. Mechanistically, AgNPs can induce excessive cellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to damage to cellular sub-organs such as mitochondria and lysosomes. More importantly, our data suggest that AgNPs causes autophagy defect, inhibits mitophagy, and finally activates the mitochondria-mediated apoptosis signaling pathway and evokes cell death. Interestingly, treatment with ROS scavenger-NAC can effectively suppress AgNP-induced endothelial damage.Our results indicate that ROS-mediated mitochondria-lysosome injury and autophagy dysfunction are potential factors of endothelial toxicity induced by AgNPs. This study may provide new evidence for the cardiovascular toxicity of AgNPs and serve as a reference for the safe use of nanoparticles(NPs) in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing He
- Department of Geriatric and Special Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 75004, Republic of China; School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 75004, Republic of China
| | - Yunyun Ma
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 75004, Republic of China; Heart Centre, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 75004, Republic of China
| | - Xudong Niu
- Yinchuan Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Yinchuan 75004, Republic of China
| | - Jiansheng Pei
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 75004, Republic of China
| | - Ru Yan
- Heart Centre, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 75004, Republic of China
| | - Fangjing Xu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 75004, Republic of China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Geriatric and Special Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 75004, Republic of China
| | - Xiaojuan Ma
- Department of Geriatric and Special Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 75004, Republic of China
| | - Shaobin Jia
- Heart Centre, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 75004, Republic of China.
| | - Wanrui Ma
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523000, Republic of China.
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Chaudhari V, Vairagade V, Thakkar A, Shende H, Vora A. Nanotechnology-based fungal detection and treatment: current status and future perspective. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:77-97. [PMID: 37597093 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02662-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Fungal infections impose a significant impact on global health and encompass major expenditures in medical treatments. Human mycoses, a fungal co-infection associated with SARS-CoV-2, is caused by opportunistic fungal pathogens and is often overlooked or misdiagnosed. Recently, there is increasing threat about spread of antimicrobial resistance in fungus, mostly in hospitals and other healthcare facilities. The diagnosis and treatment of fungal infections are associated with several issues, including tedious and non-selective detection methods, the growth of drug-resistant bacteria, severe side effects, and ineffective drug delivery. Thus, a rapid and sensitive diagnostic method and a high-efficacy and low-toxicity therapeutic approach are needed. Nanomedicine has emerged as a viable option for overcoming these limitations. Due to the unique physicochemical and optical properties of nanomaterials and newer biosensing techniques, nanodiagnostics play an important role in the accurate and prompt differentiation and detection of fungal diseases. Additionally, nano-based drug delivery techniques can increase drug permeability, reduce adverse effects, and extend systemic circulation time and drug half-life. This review paper is aimed at highlighting recent, promising, and unique trends in nanotechnology to design and develop diagnostics and treatment methods for fungal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Chaudhari
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies, Mumbai, India
| | - Vaishnavi Vairagade
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies, Mumbai, India
| | - Ami Thakkar
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies, Mumbai, India
| | - Himani Shende
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies, Mumbai, India
| | - Amisha Vora
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies, Mumbai, India.
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Sushmitha TJ, Rajeev M, Kathirkaman V, Shivam S, Rao TS, Pandian SK. 3-Hydroxy coumarin demonstrates anti-biofilm and anti-hyphal efficacy against Candida albicans via inhibition of cell-adhesion, morphogenesis, and virulent genes regulation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11687. [PMID: 37468600 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37851-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans, a common fungus of human flora, can become an opportunistic pathogen and causes invasive candidiasis in immunocompromised individuals. Biofilm formation is the prime cause of antibiotic resistance during C. albicans infections and treating biofilm-forming cells is challenging due to their intractable and persistent nature. The study intends to explore the therapeutic potential of naturally produced compounds by competitive marine bacteria residing in marine biofilms against C. albicans biofilm. To this end, 3-hydroxy coumarin (3HC), a compound identified from the cell-free culture supernatant of the marine bacterium Brevundimonas abyssalis, was found to exhibit anti-biofilm and anti-hyphal activity against both reference and clinical isolates of C. albicans. The compound demonstrated significant inhibitory effects on biofilms and impaired the yeast-to-hyphal transition, wrinkle, and filament morphology at the minimal biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) of 250 µg mL-1. Intriguingly, quantitative PCR analysis of 3HC-treated C. albicans biofilm revealed significant downregulation of virulence genes (hst7, ume6, efg1, cph1, ras1, als1) associated with adhesion and morphogenesis. Moreover, 3HC displayed non-fungicidal and non-toxic characteristics against human erythrocytes and buccal cells. In conclusion, this study showed that marine biofilms are a hidden source of diverse therapeutic drugs, and 3HC could be a potent drug to treat C. albicans infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Sushmitha
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Science Campus, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630 003, India
| | - Meora Rajeev
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Science Campus, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630 003, India
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Inharo 100, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Vellaisamy Kathirkaman
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Science Campus, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630 003, India
| | - Singh Shivam
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Science Campus, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630 003, India
| | - Toleti Subba Rao
- School of Arts and Sciences, Sai University, OMR, Paiyanur, Tamil Nadu, 603105, India
| | - Shunmugiah Karutha Pandian
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Science Campus, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630 003, India.
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Lyagin I, Aslanli A, Domnin M, Stepanov N, Senko O, Maslova O, Efremenko E. Metal Nanomaterials and Hydrolytic Enzyme-Based Formulations for Improved Antifungal Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11359. [PMID: 37511117 PMCID: PMC10379199 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Active research of metal-containing compounds and enzymes as effective antifungal agents is currently being conducted due to the growing antifungal resistance problem. Metals are attracting special attention due to the wide variety of ligands that can be used for them, including chemically synthesized and naturally obtained variants as a result of the so-called "green synthesis". The main mechanism of the antifungal action of metals is the triggering of the generation and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Further action of ROS on various biomolecules is nonspecific. Various hydrolytic enzymes (glucanases and proteases), in turn, exhibit antifungal properties by affecting the structural elements of fungal cells (cell walls, membranes), fungal quorum sensing molecules, fungal own protective agents (mycotoxins and antibiotics), and proteins responsible for the adhesion and formation of stable, highly concentrated populations in the form of biofilms. A wide substrate range of enzymes allows the use of various mechanisms of their antifungal actions. In this review, we discuss the prospects of combining two different types of antifungal agents (metals and enzymes) against mycelial fungi and yeast cells. Special attention is paid to the possible influence of metals on the activity of the enzymes and the possible effects of proteins on the antifungal activity of metal-containing compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Lyagin
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin Hills 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aysel Aslanli
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin Hills 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maksim Domnin
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin Hills 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay Stepanov
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin Hills 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Senko
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin Hills 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Maslova
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin Hills 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Efremenko
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin Hills 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Barabadi H, Mobaraki K, Jounaki K, Sadeghian-Abadi S, Vahidi H, Jahani R, Noqani H, Hosseini O, Ashouri F, Amidi S. Exploring the biological application of Penicillium fimorum-derived silver nanoparticles: In vitro physicochemical, antifungal, biofilm inhibitory, antioxidant, anticoagulant, and thrombolytic performance. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16853. [PMID: 37313153 PMCID: PMC10258451 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study showed the anti-candida, biofilm inhibitory, antioxidant, anticoagulant, and thrombolytic properties of biogenic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) fabricated by using the supernatant of Penicillium fimorum (GenBank accession number OQ568180) isolated from soil. The biogenic AgNPs were characterized by using different analytical techniques. A sharp surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak of the colloidal AgNPs at 429.5 nm in the UV-vis spectrum confirmed the fabrication of nanosized silver particles. The broth microdilution assay confirmed the anti-candida properties of AgNPs with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 4 μg mL-1. In the next step, the protein and DNA leakage assays as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay were performed to evaluate the possible anti-candida mechanisms of AgNPs representing an increase in the total protein and DNA of supernatant along with a climb-up in ROS levels in AgNPs-treated samples. Flow cytometry also confirmed a dose-dependent cell death in the AgNPs-treated samples. Further studies also confirmed the biofilm inhibitory performance of AgNPs against Candia albicans. The AgNPs at the concentrations of MIC and 4*MIC inhibited 79.68 ± 14.38% and 83.57 ± 3.41% of biofilm formation in C. albicans, respectively. Moreover, this study showed that the intrinsic pathway may play a significant role in the anticoagulant properties of AgNPs. In addition, the AgNPs at the concentration of 500 μg mL-1, represented 49.27%, and 73.96 ± 2.59% thrombolytic and DPPH radical scavenging potential, respectively. Promising biological performance of AgNPs suggests these nanomaterials as a good candidate for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Barabadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kiana Mobaraki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamyar Jounaki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Salar Sadeghian-Abadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Vahidi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Jahani
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hesam Noqani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Hosseini
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ashouri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Salimeh Amidi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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do Carmo PHF, Garcia MT, Figueiredo-Godoi LMA, Lage ACP, da Silva NS, Junqueira JC. Metal Nanoparticles to Combat Candida albicans Infections: An Update. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11010138. [PMID: 36677430 PMCID: PMC9861183 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Candidiasis is an opportunistic mycosis with high annual incidence worldwide. In these infections, Candida albicans is the chief pathogen owing to its multiple virulence factors. C. albicans infections are usually treated with azoles, polyenes and echinocandins. However, these antifungals may have limitations regarding toxicity, relapse of infections, high cost, and emergence of antifungal resistance. Thus, the development of nanocarrier systems, such as metal nanoparticles, has been widely investigated. Metal nanoparticles are particulate dispersions or solid particles 10-100 nm in size, with unique physical and chemical properties that make them useful in biomedical applications. In this review, we focus on the activity of silver, gold, and iron nanoparticles against C. albicans. We discuss the use of metal nanoparticles as delivery vehicles for antifungal drugs or natural compounds to increase their biocompatibility and effectiveness. Promisingly, most of these nanoparticles exhibit potential antifungal activity through multi-target mechanisms in C. albicans cells and biofilms, which can minimize the emergence of antifungal resistance. The cytotoxicity of metal nanoparticles is a concern, and adjustments in synthesis approaches or coating techniques have been addressed to overcome these limitations, with great emphasis on green synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Henrique Fonseca do Carmo
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos 12245-000, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-12-3497-9033
| | - Maíra Terra Garcia
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos 12245-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Lívia Mara Alves Figueiredo-Godoi
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos 12245-000, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Newton Soares da Silva
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos 12245-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Campos Junqueira
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos 12245-000, SP, Brazil
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11
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Slavin YN, Bach H. Mechanisms of Antifungal Properties of Metal Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12244470. [PMID: 36558323 PMCID: PMC9781740 DOI: 10.3390/nano12244470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The appearance of resistant species of fungi to the existent antimycotics is challenging for the scientific community. One emergent technology is the application of nanotechnology to develop novel antifungal agents. Metal nanoparticles (NPs) have shown promising results as an alternative to classical antimycotics. This review summarizes and discusses the antifungal mechanisms of metal NPs, including combinations with other antimycotics, covering the period from 2005 to 2022. These mechanisms include but are not limited to the generation of toxic oxygen species and their cellular target, the effect of the cell wall damage and the hyphae and spores, and the mechanisms of defense implied by the fungal cell. Lastly, a description of the impact of NPs on the transcriptomic and proteomic profiles is discussed.
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12
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Mussin J, Giusiano G. Biogenic silver nanoparticles as antifungal agents. Front Chem 2022; 10:1023542. [PMID: 36277355 PMCID: PMC9583421 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1023542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, an increase in multidrug-resistant fungal strains has been observed, which, together with the limited number of clinically available antifungal agents, highlights the need for the development of new antifungal agents. Due to the proven antifungal activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), there is a growing interest in their use in the treatment of fungal infections. Nanoparticles are usually synthesised through a variety of physical and chemical processes that are costly and pollute the environment. For this reason, biogenic synthesis is emerging as an environmentally friendly technology and new strategies are increasingly based on the use of biogenic AgNPs as antifungal agents for clinical use. The aim of this review is to compare the antifungal activity of different biogenic AgNPs and to summarise the current knowledge on the mechanisms of action and resistance of fungi to AgNPs. Finally, a general analysis of the toxicity of biogenic AgNPs in human and veterinary medicine is performed.
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13
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Wang X, Wang X, Cai T, Qin Y, Li L, Jiang Y, Han B, Cao Y. Development and validation of a sensitive LC-MS/MS method for determination of intracellular concentration of fluconazole in Candida albicans. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1007576. [PMID: 36274702 PMCID: PMC9581211 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1007576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic candidiasis is the fourth leading cause of healthcare-associated infections worldwide. The combination therapy based on existing antifungal agents is well-established to overcome drug resistance and restore antifungal efficacy against drug-resistant strains. In this study, a simple and sensitive liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed to quantify the intracellular fluconazole (FLC) content in the opportunistic human fungal pathogen Candida albicans. The cell lysates were prepared by lysing C. albicans cells with Precellys homogenizers and FLC was extracted with methylene chloride. The entire extraction approach was simple, precise and reliable. The extracts were separated on a Zorbax SB-C18 column using a mobile phase of acetonitrile (solvent A) and deionized water plus 0.1% formic acid. FLC and ketoconazole (KCZ, internal standard) were monitored in positive mode using electrospray ionization source. The multiple reaction monitoring transitions (precursor to product) were monitored for FLC m/z 307.1 → 238.2 and for the internal standard KCZ m/z 531.2 → 489.1. The linear for this method were in the range from 5.0 to 1000.0 ng/mL. The precision and accuracy of the samples were relative standard deviations (RSD) < 1.0% for intra-day and RSD < 0.51% for inter-day. The overall recovery of FLC from samples was higher than 77.61%. Furthermore, this method was successfully applied and validated in 36 clinical isolated strains. Taken together, we established a highly accurate, efficient, and reproducible method for quantifying the intracellular content of FLC in C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Wang
- Institute of Vascular Disease, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Mudanjiang First People’s Hospital, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tongkai Cai
- Institute of Vascular Disease, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulin Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Li
- Institute of Vascular Disease, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanying Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yuanying Jiang,
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Bing Han,
| | - Yongbing Cao
- Institute of Vascular Disease, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Yongbing Cao,
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14
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Alherz FA, Negm WA, Elekhnawy E, El-Masry TA, Haggag EM, Alqahtani MJ, Hussein IA. Silver Nanoparticles Prepared Using Encephalartos laurentianus De Wild Leaf Extract Have Inhibitory Activity against Candida albicans Clinical Isolates. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8101005. [PMID: 36294570 PMCID: PMC9604723 DOI: 10.3390/jof8101005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is a major human opportunistic pathogen causing infections, which range from cutaneous to invasive systemic infections. Herein, the antifungal and anti-biofilm potential of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) green synthesized in the presence of Encephalartos laurentianus leaf extract (ELLE) were investigated. The bioactive chemicals of ELLE, including phenolics, flavonoids, and glycosides were identified and quantified for the first time. AgNPs showed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values against C. albicans clinical isolates ranging from 8 to 256 µg/mL. In addition, AgNPs significantly decreased biofilm formation. The impact of AgNPs on the expression of the genes encoding biofilm formation was assessed using qRT-PCR. AgNPs had a beneficial role in the macroscopic wound healing, and they resulted in complete epithelization without any granulation tissue or inflammation. Treatment with AgNPs resulted in negative immunostaining of tumor necrosis factor-α. The levels of the inflammation markers, interleukin-6 and interleukin-1β, significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in the AgNPs-treated group. There was also a pronounced increase in the gene expression of fibronectin and platelet-derived growth factor in the wound tissues. Thus, AgNPs synthesized using ELLE may be a promising antifungal and wound healing agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemah A. Alherz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walaa A. Negm
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
- Correspondence: (W.A.N.); (E.E.)
| | - Engy Elekhnawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
- Correspondence: (W.A.N.); (E.E.)
| | - Thanaa A. El-Masry
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Eman M. Haggag
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine (Kasr Al Aini hospitals), Cairo University, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Moneerah J. Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ismail A. Hussein
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
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15
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Abdallah BM, Ali EM. Therapeutic Effect of Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles Using Erodium glaucophyllum Extract against Oral Candidiasis: In Vitro and In Vivo Study. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134221. [PMID: 35807474 PMCID: PMC9267989 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral candidiasis (OC) is a fungal infection caused by an opportunistic fungi Candida albicans, which is found in the normal flora of healthy people. In this study, we examined the anti-candidal effect of green synthesized silver nanoparticles using leaf extract of Erodium glaucophyllum (EG-AgNPs) against C. albicans in vitro and in vivo. EG-AgNPs were synthesized for the first time using E. glaucophyllum extract and characterized by imaging (transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-VIS spectroscopy, zeta potential, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). A mouse model of OC was used for in vivo study. The agar well diffusion method showed the anti-candidal activity of EG-AgNPs against C. albicans with MIC 50 µg/mL. EG-AgNPs inhibited the dimorphic transition of C. albicans and suppressed the formation of biofilm by 56.36% and 52%, respectively. Additionally, EG-AgNPs significantly inhibited the production of phospholipases and proteinases by 30% and 45%, respectively. EG-AgNPs cause cytoplasm disintegration and deterioration of cell wall as imaged by SEM and TEM. Interestingly, EG-AgNPs did not display any cytotoxicity on the human gingival fibroblast-1 HGF-1 cell line at MIC concentrations. Topical treatment of the tongue of the OC mouse model with EG-AgNPs showed significant reduction in candidal tissue invasion, less inflammatory changes, and no tissue modification, in association with marked low scare and hyphal counts as compared to control group. In conclusion, our data demonstrated the potent inhibitory action of EG-AgNPs on the growth and morphogenesis of C. albicans in vitro and in vivo. Thus, EG-AgNPs represent a novel plausible therapeutic approach for treatment of OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basem M. Abdallah
- Al Bilad Bank Scholarly Chair for Food Security in Saudi Arabia, The Deanship of Scientific Research, The Vice Presidency for Graduate Studies and Scientific Research, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-(013)-5899430
| | - Enas M. Ali
- Al Bilad Bank Scholarly Chair for Food Security in Saudi Arabia, The Deanship of Scientific Research, The Vice Presidency for Graduate Studies and Scientific Research, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt
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16
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Falcão CMC, Andrade A, Holanda VN, de Figueiredo RCBQ, Ximenes EA, Gomes ASL. Activity of poly(methacrylic acid)-silver nanoparticles (PMAA-AgNPs) on fluconazole resistant Candida albicans strains: synergistic and cytotoxic effects. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 132:4300-4309. [PMID: 35338561 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To synthesize and evaluate the antifungal activity of poly(methacrylic acid)-silver nanoparticles (PMAA-AgNPs) against nine Candida albicans isolated from clinical specimens. METHODS AND RESULTS The effects of PMAA-AgNPs-fluconazole combination was analyzed by checkerboard methodology. The synergistic potential of PMAA-AgNPs-fluconazole was determined by the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI). The inhibition of germ tube formation and the determination of PMAA-AgNPs cytotoxicity were also performed. All C. albicans strains were susceptible to PMAA-AgNPs and resistant to fluconazole. PMAA-AgNPs at sub-inhibitory concentrations restored the susceptibility of resistant C. albicans to fluconazole, whose FICI ranged from 0.3 to 0.5. The synergistic interaction of the combination was observed in eight of nine strains. The PMAA-AgNPs-fluconazole combination was also able to inhibit the germ tube formation. PMAA-AgNPs showed a dose-dependent decrease on viability for cells tested, with 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50 ) values of 6.5, 4.9 and 6.8 μg ml-1 for macrophages, fibroblasts and Vero cells, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that in general, PMAA-AgNPs acts synergistically in combination with fluconazole, inhibiting fluconazole-resistant C. albicans strains. PMAA-AgNPs-fluconazole combination was also able to inhibit germ tube formation, an important virulence factor. Inhibitory effect of PMAA-AgNPs alone or in combination was higher in C. albicans than in mammalian cells. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY This study shows the potential of poly(methacrylic acid)-silver nanoparticles combined with fluconazole to inhibit fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans strains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Audrey Andrade
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.,Laboratory of Microscope and Microanalysis, Strategic Technologies Center of Northeast, 50740-540, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Anderson Stevens Leonidas Gomes
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.,Department of Physics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
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Synergistic Antibiofilm Effects of Pseudolaric Acid A Combined with Fluconazole against Candida albicans via Inhibition of Adhesion and Yeast-To-Hypha Transition. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0147821. [PMID: 35297651 PMCID: PMC9045105 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01478-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans biofilms are resistant to several clinical antifungal agents. Thus, it is necessary to develop new antibiofilm intervention measures. Pseudolaric acid A (PAA), a diterpenoid mainly derived from the pine bark of Pseudolarix kaempferi, has been reported to have an inhibitory effect on C. albicans. The primary aim of the current study was to investigate the antibiofilm effect of PAA when combined with fluconazole (FLC) and explore the underlying mechanisms. Biofilm activity was assessed by tetrazolium {XTT [2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide salt]} reduction assays. PAA (4 μg/mL) combined with FLC (0.5 μg/mL) significantly inhibited early, developmental, and mature biofilm formation compared with the effect of PAA or FLC alone (P < 0.05). Furthermore, PAA (4 μg/mL) combined with FLC (0.5 μg/mL) produced a 56% reduction in C. albicans biofilm adhesion. The combination of PAA (4 μg/mL) and FLC (0.5 μg/mL) also performed well in inhibiting yeast-to-hypha transition. Transcriptome analysis using RNA sequencing and quantitative reverse transcription PCR indicated that the PAA-FLC combination treatment produced a strong synergistic inhibitory effect on the expression of genes involved in adhesion (ALS1, ALS4, and ALS2) and yeast-to-hypha transition (ECE1, PRA1, and TEC1). Notably, PAA, rather than FLC, may have a primary role in suppressing the expression of ALS1. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate, for the first time, that the combination of PAA and FLC has an improved antibiofilm effect against the formation of C. albicans biofilms by inhibiting adhesion and yeast-to-hypha transition; this may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for treating C. albicans biofilm-associated infection. IMPORTANCE Biofilms are the primary cause of antibiotic-resistant candida infections associated with medical implants and devices worldwide. Treating biofilm-associated infections is a challenge for clinicians because these infections are intractable and persistent. Candida albicans readily forms extensive biofilms on the surface of medical implants and mucosa. In this study, we demonstrated, for the first time, an inhibitory effect of pseudolaric acid A alone and in combination with fluconazole on C. albicans biofilms. Moreover, pseudolaric acid A in combination with fluconazole exerted an antibiofilm effect through multiple pathways, including inhibition of yeast-to-hypha transition and adhesion. This research not only provides new insights into the synergistic mechanisms of antifungal drug combinations but also brings new possibilities for addressing C. albicans drug resistance.
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Ahamad I, Bano F, Anwer R, Srivastava P, Kumar R, Fatma T. Antibiofilm Activities of Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles Against Candida albicans. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:741493. [PMID: 35069463 PMCID: PMC8782275 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.741493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are microbial colonies that are encased in an organic polymeric matrix and are resistant to antimicrobial treatments. Biofilms can adhere to both biotic and abiotic surfaces, allowing them to colonize medical equipment such as urinary and intravenous catheters, mechanical heart valves, endotracheal tubes, and prosthetic joints. Candida albicans biofilm is the major etiological cause of the pathogenesis of candidiasis in which its unobstructed growth occurs in the oral cavity; trachea, and catheters that progress to systemic infections in the worst scenarios. There is an urgent need to discover novel biofilm preventive and curative agents. In the present investigation, an effort is made to observe the role of cyanobacteria-derived AgNPs as a new antibiofilm agent with special reference to candidiasis. AgNPs synthesized through the green route using Anabaena variabilis cell extract were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy. The nanoparticles were spherical in shape with 11-15 nm size and were monodispersed. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of AgNPs was obtained at 12.5 μg/mL against C. albicans. AgNPs 25 μg/mL showed 79% fungal cell membrane permeability and 22.2% ROS production. AgNPs (25 μg/mL) also facilitated 62.5% of biofilm inhibition and degradation. Therefore, AgNPs could be considered as a promising antifungal agent to control biofilm produced by C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irshad Ahamad
- Cyanobacterial Biotechnology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Fareha Bano
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Arts, Taibah University (Female Branch), AlUla, Saudi Arabia
| | - Razique Anwer
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pooja Srivastava
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Defence Research & Development Organisation (DRDO), Government of India, New Delhi, India
| | - Raj Kumar
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Defence Research & Development Organisation (DRDO), Government of India, New Delhi, India
| | - Tasneem Fatma
- Cyanobacterial Biotechnology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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19
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Wang X, Wang L, Li F, Teng Y, Ji C, Wu H. Toxicity pathways of lipid metabolic disorders induced by typical replacement flame retardants via data-driven analysis, in silico and in vitro approaches. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132419. [PMID: 34600017 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals can interfere with hormone action via various pathways, thereby increasing the risk of adverse health outcomes. Organophosphorus ester (OPEs) retardants, a group of new emerging endocrine disruption chemicals, have been referred to as metabolism disruptors and reported to induce chronic health problems. However, the toxicity pathways were mainly focused on nuclear receptor signaling pathways. Significantly, the membrane receptor pathway (such as G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER) signaling pathway) had been gradually realized as the important role in respond more effective to lipid metabolism disorder than traditional nuclear receptors, whereas the detailed mechanism was unclear yet. Therefore, this study innovatively integrated the bibliometric analysis, in silico and in vitro approach to develop toxicity pathways for the mechanism interpretation. Bibliometric analysis found that the typical OPEs - triphenyl phosphate was a major concern of lipid metabolism abnormality. Results verified that TPP could damage the structures of cell membranes and exert an agonistic effect of GPER as the molecular initiating event. Then, the activated GPER could trigger the PI3K-Akt/NCOR1 and mTOR/S6K2/PPARα transduction pathways as key event 1 (KE1) and affect the process of lipid metabolism and synthesis (CPT1A, CPT2, SREBF2 and SCD) as KE2. As a result, these alterations led to lipid accumulation as adverse effect at cellular-levels. Furthermore, the potential outcomes (such as immunity damage, weight change and steatohepatitis) at high biological levels were expanded. These findings improved knowledge to deeply understand toxicity pathways of phosphorus flame retardants and then provided a theoretical basis for risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Li Wang
- Yantai Yuhuangding Hosp, Dept Western Med, Yuhuangdingdong Rd 20, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, PR China
| | - Fei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China.
| | - Yuefa Teng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Chenglong Ji
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Huifeng Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China.
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20
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Kamli MR, Malik MA, Lone SA, Sabir JSM, Mattar EH, Ahmad A. Beta vulgaris Assisted Fabrication of Novel Ag-Cu Bimetallic Nanoparticles for Growth Inhibition and Virulence in Candida albicans. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1957. [PMID: 34834372 PMCID: PMC8621205 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Beta vulgaris extract contains water-soluble red pigment betanin and is used as a food colorant. In this study, the biogenic Ag-Cu bimetallic nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized by different spectroscopic and microscopic techniques, including UV-Visible, FTIR, TEM. SEM-EDX, XRD, and TGA. Further, Ag-Cu bimetallic nanoparticles capped with Beta vulgaris biomolecules were evaluated for their antifungal activity against Candida albicans via targeting its major virulence factors, including adherence, yeast to hyphae transition, extracellular enzyme secretion, biofilm formation, and the expression of genes related to these pathogenic traits by using standard methods. C. albicans is an opportunistic human fungal pathogen that causes significant morbidity and mortality, mainly in immunocompromised patients. The current antifungal therapy is limited with various shortcomings such as host toxicity and developing multidrug resistance. Therefore, the development of novel antifungal agents is urgently required. Furthermore, NPs were screened for cell viability and cytotoxicity effect. Antifungal susceptibility testing showed potent antifungal activity of the Ag-Cu bimetallic NPs with a significant inhibitory effect on adherence, yeast to hyphae transition, extracellular enzymes secretion, and formation of biofilms in C. albicans at sub-inhibitory and inhibitory concentrations. The RT-qPCR results at an MIC value of the NPs exhibited a varying degree of downregulation in expression levels of virulence genes. Results also revealed the dose-dependent effect of NPs on cellular viability (up to 100%) using MUSE cell analyzer. Moreover, the low cytotoxicity effect of bimetallic NPs has been observed using haemolytic assay. The overall results indicated that the newly synthesized Ag-Cu bimetallic NPs capped with Beta vulgaris are proven to possess a potent anticandidal activity, by affecting the vital pathogenic factors of C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Rasool Kamli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (J.S.M.S.); (E.H.M.)
- Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maqsood Ahmad Malik
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shabir Ahmad Lone
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; (S.A.L.); (A.A.)
| | - Jamal S. M. Sabir
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (J.S.M.S.); (E.H.M.)
- Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ehab H. Mattar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (J.S.M.S.); (E.H.M.)
| | - Aijaz Ahmad
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; (S.A.L.); (A.A.)
- Infection Control Unit, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
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21
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Liu X, Chen JL, Yang WY, Qian YC, Pan JY, Zhu CN, Liu L, Ou WB, Zhao HX, Zhang DP. Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles with antimicrobial and anticancer properties using two novel yeasts. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15795. [PMID: 34349183 PMCID: PMC8338994 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95262-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
AgNPs are nanomaterials with many potential biomedical applications. In this study, the two novel yeast strains HX-YS and LPP-12Y capable of producing biological silver nanoparticles were isolated. Sequencing of ribosomal DNA-ITS fragments, as well as partial D1/D2 regions of 26S rDNA indicated that the strains are related to species from the genus Metschnikowia. The BioAgNPs produced by HX-YS and LPP-12Y at pH 5.0-6.0 and 26 °C ranged in size from 50 to 500 nm. The antibacterial activities of yeast BioAgNPs against five pathogenic bacteria were determined. The highest antibacterial effect was observed on P. aeruginosa, with additional obvious effects on E. coli ATCC8099 and S. aureus ATCC10231. Additionally, the BioAgNPs showed antiproliferative effects on lung cancer cell lines H1975 and A579, with low toxicity in Beas 2B normal lung cells. Therefore, the AgNPs biosynthesized by HX-YS and LPP-12Y may have potential applications in the treatment of bacterial infections and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
- Biomass Energy Engineering Research Centre, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jia-Le Chen
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Wen-Yu Yang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yu-Cheng Qian
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Jing-Yu Pan
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Chen-Nianci Zhu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Li Liu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Wen-Bin Ou
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Hong-Xin Zhao
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Dian-Peng Zhang
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China.
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22
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Khan F, Bamunuarachchi NI, Tabassum N, Jo DM, Khan MM, Kim YM. Suppression of hyphal formation and virulence of Candida albicans by natural and synthetic compounds. BIOFOULING 2021; 37:626-655. [PMID: 34284656 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2021.1948538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Candida albicans undergoes a morphological yeast-to-hyphal transition during infection, which plays a significant role in its pathogenesis. The filamentous morphology of the hyphal form has been identified as a virulence factor as it facilitates surface adherence, intertwining with biofilm, invasion, and damage to host tissues and organs. Hence, inhibition of filamentation in addition to biofilm formation is considered a viable strategy against C. albicans infections. Furthermore, a good understanding of the signaling pathways involved in response to environmental cues driving hyphal growth is also critical to an understanding of C. albicans pathogenicity and to develop novel therapies. In this review, first the clinical significance and transcriptional control of C. albicans hyphal morphogenesis are addressed. Then, various strategies employed to suppress filamentation, prevent biofilm formation, and reduce virulence are discussed. These strategies include the inhibition of C. albicans filament formation using natural or synthetic compounds, and their combination with other agents or nanoformulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazlurrahman Khan
- Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Nilushi Indika Bamunuarachchi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Ocean University of Sri Lanka, Tangalle, Sri Lanka
| | - Nazia Tabassum
- Industrial Convergence Bionix Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Du-Min Jo
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Mohammad Mansoob Khan
- Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Young-Mog Kim
- Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
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23
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McNeilly O, Mann R, Hamidian M, Gunawan C. Emerging Concern for Silver Nanoparticle Resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii and Other Bacteria. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:652863. [PMID: 33936010 PMCID: PMC8085274 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.652863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The misuse of antibiotics combined with a lack of newly developed ones is the main contributors to the current antibiotic resistance crisis. There is a dire need for new and alternative antibacterial options and nanotechnology could be a solution. Metal-based nanoparticles, particularly silver nanoparticles (NAg), have garnered widespread popularity due to their unique physicochemical properties and broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. Consequently, NAg has seen extensive incorporation in many types of products across the healthcare and consumer market. Despite clear evidence of the strong antibacterial efficacy of NAg, studies have raised concerns over the development of silver-resistant bacteria. Resistance to cationic silver (Ag+) has been recognised for many years, but it has recently been found that bacterial resistance to NAg is also possible. It is also understood that exposure of bacteria to toxic heavy metals like silver can induce the emergence of antibiotic resistance through the process of co-selection. Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative coccobacillus and opportunistic nosocomial bacterial pathogen. It was recently listed as the "number one" critical level priority pathogen because of the significant rise of antibiotic resistance in this species. NAg has proven bactericidal activity towards A. baumannii, even against strains that display multi-drug resistance. However, despite ample evidence of heavy metal (including silver; Ag+) resistance in this bacterium, combined with reports of heavy metal-driven co-selection of antibiotic resistance, little research has been dedicated to assessing the potential for NAg resistance development in A. baumannii. This is worrisome, as the increasingly indiscriminate use of NAg could promote the development of silver resistance in this species, like what has occurred with antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver McNeilly
- iThree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Riti Mann
- iThree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Mohammad Hamidian
- iThree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Cindy Gunawan
- iThree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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24
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Abdallah BM, Ali EM. Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using the Lotus lalambensis Aqueous Leaf Extract and Their Anti-Candidal Activity against Oral Candidiasis. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:8151-8162. [PMID: 33817474 PMCID: PMC8014928 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c06009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Oral candidiasis is widely spread in both humans and animals, which is caused mainly by Candida albicans. In this study, we aimed to biosynthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for the first time using the Lotus lalambensis Schweinf leaf extract (L-AgNPs) and investigated their anti-candidal potency alone or in combination with the leaf extract of L. lalambensis (L-AgNPs/LL) against C. albicans. The biosynthesized L-AgNPs were characterized by imaging (transmission electron microscopy, TEM), UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results of the disk diffusion method showed the potent synergistic anti-candidal activity of L-AgNPs/LL (24 mm inhibition zone). L-AgNPs/LL completely inhibited the morphogenesis of C. albicans and suppressed the adhesion and the formation of the biofilm of C. albicans by 82.5 and 78.7%, respectively. Further, L-AgNPs/LL inhibited the production of antioxidant enzymes of C. albicans by 80%. SEM and TEM revealed deteriorations in the cell wall ultrastructure in L-AgNPs/LL-treated C. albicans. Interestingly, L-AgNPs/LL showed less than 5% cytotoxicity when examined with either the primary bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cell (BMSCs) or MCF-7 cell line at MIC values of L-AgNPs/LL. In conclusion, we identified L-AgNPs/LL as a potential biosynthesized-based drug for oral candidiasis in humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basem M. Abdallah
- Department
of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Endocrine
Research (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense DK-5000, Denmark
| | - Enas M. Ali
- Department
of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt
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25
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Abid S, Uzair B, Niazi MBK, Fasim F, Bano SA, Jamil N, Batool R, Sajjad S. Bursting the Virulence Traits of MDR Strain of Candida albicans Using Sodium Alginate-based Microspheres Containing Nystatin-loaded MgO/CuO Nanocomposites. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:1157-1174. [PMID: 33623380 PMCID: PMC7896044 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s282305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Candida albicans is a major opportunistic pathogen that causes a wide range of human infections. Currently available therapeutic agents are limited for treating these fungal infections due to multidrug resistance as well as their nonbiodegradability, poor biocompatibility and toxicity. In order to battle these limitations, we have synthesized a polymeric system as microcarriers to deliver the antifungal drug. The objective of the present study was to immobilize MgO/CuO nanocomposite and nystatin-loaded MgO/CuO nanocomposites in nontoxic, nonimmunogenic, biodegradable and biocompatible sodium alginate microspheres for the first time. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nanoparticle-loaded sodium alginate microspheres were prepared by ionotropic gelation technique using calcium chloride as a cross-linker. Synthesized microspheres were characterized using standard characterization techniques and were evaluated for biological activity against MDR strain of C. albicans. RESULTS Characterization of microspheres by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed loading of Nys-MgO/CuO NPs, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed rough spherical beads with a highly porous surface having an average size in the range of 8-10 µm. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyzed its semicrystalline structure. Entrapment efficiency of Nys-MgO/CuO NPs was 80% and release kinetic study revealed sustained and prolonged release of drug in pH 5.5. Flow cytometry analysis showed yeast cell death caused by Nys-MgO/CuO MS exhibits late apoptotic features. In cytotoxicity assay 5-14 mg of microspheres did not cause hemolysis. Microspheres reduced virulence traits of C. albicans such as germ tube and biofilm formation were compromised at concentration of 5 mg/mL. Antimicrobial assessment results revealed a pronounced inhibitory effect against C. albicans. CONCLUSION The in vitro experiments have shown promising results based on good stability, Nys-MgO/CuO NP-encapsulated microspheres can be used as a prolonged controlled release system against MDR pathogenic C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Abid
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Uzair
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal Khan Niazi
- School of Chemical & Materials Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fehmida Fasim
- Discipline of Biomedical Science, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Syeda Asma Bano
- Department of Microbiology, University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Nazia Jamil
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Punjab University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rida Batool
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Punjab University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shamaila Sajjad
- Department of Physics, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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26
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Wunnoo S, Paosen S, Lethongkam S, Sukkurd R, Waen-Ngoen T, Nuidate T, Phengmak M, Voravuthikunchai SP. Biologically rapid synthesized silver nanoparticles from aqueous Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaf extract: Effects on hyphal growth, hydrolytic enzymes, and biofilm formation in Candida albicans. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:1597-1611. [PMID: 33421102 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Bionanotechnology has increasingly gained attention in biomedical fields as antifungal and antibiofilm agents. In this study, biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (bio-AgNPs) using aqueous Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaf extract were successfully performed by a one-step green approach. Spherical-shaped nanoparticles, approximately 8.65 nm, exhibited noncytotoxicity to erythrocytes, HeLa, and HaCaT cells. The synthesized nanoparticles showed strong fungicidal activity ranging from 0.5 to 1 µg/ml. The nanoparticles affected Candida adhesion and invasion into host cells by reduced germ tube formation and hydrolytic enzyme secretion. Inhibitory effects of bio-AgNPs on Candida biofilms were evaluated by the prevention of yeast-to-hyphal transition. A decrease in cell viability within mature biofilm demonstrated the ability of bio-AgNPs to penetrate into the extracellular matrix and destroy yeast cell morphology, leading to cell death. Molecular biology study on biofilms confirmed downregulation in the expression of genes ALS3, HWP1, ECE1, EFG1, TEC1, ZAP1, encoding hyphal growth and biofilm development and PLB2, LIP9, SAP4, involved in hydrolytic enzymes. In addition to candida treatment, the bio-AgNPs could be applied as an antioxidant to protect against oxidative stress-related human diseases. The findings concluded that bio-AgNPs could be used as an antifungal agent for candida treatment, as well as be incorporated in medical devices to prevent biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suttiwan Wunnoo
- Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand.,Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Supakit Paosen
- Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand.,Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Sakkarin Lethongkam
- Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand.,Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Rattanavadee Sukkurd
- Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand.,Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Tassanai Waen-Ngoen
- Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand.,Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Taiyeebah Nuidate
- Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Manthana Phengmak
- Clinical Microbiology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Supayang P Voravuthikunchai
- Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand.,Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
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27
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Malaekeh-Nikouei B, Fazly Bazzaz BS, Mirhadi E, Tajani AS, Khameneh B. The role of nanotechnology in combating biofilm-based antibiotic resistance. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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28
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The use of nanoparticles as alternative therapeutic agents against Candida infections: an up-to-date overview and future perspectives. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:163. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02940-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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29
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Kischkel B, Rossi SA, Santos SR, Nosanchuk JD, Travassos LR, Taborda CP. Therapies and Vaccines Based on Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Systemic Fungal Infections. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:463. [PMID: 33014889 PMCID: PMC7502903 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment modalities for systemic mycoses are still limited. Currently, the main antifungal therapeutics include polyenes, azoles, and echinocandins. However, even in the setting of appropriate administration of antifungals, mortality rates remain unacceptably high. Moreover, antifungal therapy is expensive, treatment periods can range from weeks to years, and toxicity is also a serious concern. In recent years, the increased number of immunocompromised individuals has contributed to the high global incidence of systemic fungal infections. Given the high morbidity and mortality rates, the complexity of treatment strategies, drug toxicity, and the worldwide burden of disease, there is a need for new and efficient therapeutic means to combat invasive mycoses. One promising avenue that is actively being pursued is nanotechnology, to develop new antifungal therapies and efficient vaccines, since it allows for a targeted delivery of drugs and antigens, which can reduce toxicity and treatment costs. The goal of this review is to discuss studies using nanoparticles to develop new therapeutic options, including vaccination methods, to combat systemic mycoses caused by Candida sp., Cryptococcus sp., Paracoccidioides sp., Histoplasma sp., Coccidioides sp., and Aspergillus sp., in addition to providing important information on the use of different types of nanoparticles, nanocarriers and their corresponding mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Kischkel
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Medical Mycology-Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo/LIM53/Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Suélen A Rossi
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Medical Mycology-Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo/LIM53/Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Samuel R Santos
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Medical Mycology-Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo/LIM53/Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joshua D Nosanchuk
- Departments of Medicine [Division of Infectious Diseases], Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Luiz R Travassos
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos P Taborda
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Medical Mycology-Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo/LIM53/Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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30
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Garibo D, Borbón-Nuñez HA, de León JND, García Mendoza E, Estrada I, Toledano-Magaña Y, Tiznado H, Ovalle-Marroquin M, Soto-Ramos AG, Blanco A, Rodríguez JA, Romo OA, Chávez-Almazán LA, Susarrey-Arce A. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Lysiloma acapulcensis exhibit high-antimicrobial activity. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12805. [PMID: 32732959 PMCID: PMC7393152 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69606-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The scientific community is exploiting the use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in nanomedicine and other AgNPs combination like with biomaterials to reduce microbial contamination. In the field of nanomedicine and biomaterials, AgNPs are used as an antimicrobial agent. One of the most effective approaches for the production of AgNPs is green synthesis. Lysiloma acapulcensis (L. acapulcensis) is a perennial tree used in traditional medicine in Mexico. This tree contains abundant antimicrobial compounds. In the context of antimicrobial activity, the use of L. acapulcensis extracts can reduce silver to AgNPs and enhance its antimicrobial activity. In this work, we demonstrate such antimicrobial activity effect employing green synthesized AgNPs with L. acapulcensis. The FTIR and LC-MS results showed the presence of chemical groups that could act as either (i) reducing agents stabilizing the AgNPs or (ii) antimicrobial capping agents enhancing antimicrobial properties of AgNPs. The synthesized AgNPs with L. acapulcensis were crystalline with a spherical and quasi-spherical shape with diameters from 1.2 to 62 nm with an average size diameter of 5 nm. The disk diffusion method shows the magnitude of the susceptibility over four pathogenic microorganisms of clinical interest. The antimicrobial potency obtained was as follows: E. coli ≥ S. aureus ≥ P. aeruginosa > C. albicans. The results showed that green synthesized (biogenic) AgNPs possess higher antimicrobial potency than chemically produced AgNPs. The obtained results confirm a more significant antimicrobial effect of the biogenic AgNPs maintaining low-cytotoxicity than the AgNPs produced chemically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Garibo
- Cátedras Conacyt-Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Departamento de Microbiología, Ensenada, Baja California, México. .,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Ensenada, Baja California, México.
| | - Hugo A Borbón-Nuñez
- Cátedras Conacyt-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Ensenada, México
| | - Jorge N Díaz de León
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Ensenada, Baja California, México
| | - Ernesto García Mendoza
- Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Ensenada, Baja California, México
| | - Iván Estrada
- Cátedras Conacyt-Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados S.C. (CIMAV), Departamento de Ingeniería de Materiales y Química, Chihuahua, México
| | - Yanis Toledano-Magaña
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (UABC), Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Unidad Valle Dorado, Ensenada, México
| | - Hugo Tiznado
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Ensenada, Baja California, México
| | - Marcela Ovalle-Marroquin
- Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Ensenada, Baja California, México
| | | | - Alberto Blanco
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Ensenada, Baja California, México
| | - José A Rodríguez
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Ensenada, Baja California, México
| | - Oscar A Romo
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Ensenada, Baja California, México
| | - Luis A Chávez-Almazán
- Secretaría de Salud de Guerrero, Banco de Sangre Regional Zona Centro, Chilpancingo de los Bravo, Guerrero, México
| | - Arturo Susarrey-Arce
- Mesoscale Chemical Systems, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB, Enschede, The Netherlands
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31
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Souza JAS, Alves MM, Barbosa DB, Lopes MM, Pinto E, Figueiral MH, Delbem ACB, Mira NP. Study of the activity of Punica granatum-mediated silver nanoparticles against Candida albicans and Candida glabrata, alone or in combination with azoles or polyenes. Med Mycol 2020; 58:564-567. [PMID: 31509195 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myz094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The continuous emergence of Candida strains resistant to currently used antifungals demands the development of new alternatives that could reduce the burden of candidiasis. In this work silver nanoparticles synthesized using a green route are efficiently used, alone or in combination with fluconazole, amphotericin B or nystatine, to inhibit growth of C. albicans and C. glabrata oral clinical strains, including in strains showing resistance to fluconazole. A potent inhibitory effect over biofilm formation prompted by the two Candida species was also observed, including in mature biofilm cells. These results foster the use of phytotherapeutics as effective treatments in oral candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- José António Santos Souza
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry Araçatuba, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marta M Alves
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Debora Barros Barbosa
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry Araçatuba, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Manuel Lopes
- Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon
| | - Eugénia Pinto
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy of University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.,Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Maria Helena Figueiral
- Faculty of Dentistry, Porto University, Rua Manuel Pereira da Silva, 4200-392 Porto, Portugal
| | - Alberto Carlos B Delbem
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry Araçatuba, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nuno Pereira Mira
- iBB, Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico - Department of Bioengineering, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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32
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Effective Inhibition of Candidiasis Using an Eco-Friendly Leaf Extract of Calotropis- gigantean-Mediated Silver Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10030422. [PMID: 32121137 PMCID: PMC7152831 DOI: 10.3390/nano10030422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The approaches used for the green biosynthesis of nanoparticles with clinical applications have been widely used in nanotechnology due to their potential to provide safe, eco-friendly, cost effective, high-stability, and high-loading-capacity nanoparticles. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-candidal activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) biosynthesized using the aqueous leaf extract of Calotropis gigantea (CG) alone or in a combination with the plant extract of CG (AgNPs/CG). AgNPs were characterized using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results of the standard disk diffusion method revealed that AgNPs alone displayed anti-candidal activity (11.33-mm inhibition zone), while AgNPs/CG displayed a strong synergistic anti-candidal activity (17.76-mm inhibition zone). Similarly, AgNPs/CG completely inhibited the growth of C. albicans after 4 h of incubation, as measured using the time-kill assay. In addition, AgNPs/CG inhibited the dimorphic transition of C. albicans and suppressed both the adhesion and the biofilm formation of C. albicans by 41% and 38%, respectively. The treatment of Candida. albicans with AgNPs/CG showed a significant inhibition of the production of several antioxidant enzymes. Interestingly, AgNPs/CG did not show any cytotoxicity in animal cells, including the MCF-7 cell line and primary mouse bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (mBMSCs), at the concentration used to completely inhibit the dimorphic transition of C. albicans. In conclusion, we identified AgNPs/CG as a promising natural-product-based nanoparticle that can potentially be used as an anti-candidal drug.
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Wang SH, Chen CC, Lee CH, Chen XA, Chang TY, Cheng YC, Young JJ, Lu JJ. Fungicidal and anti-biofilm activities of trimethylchitosan-stabilized silver nanoparticles against Candida species in zebrafish embryos. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 143:724-731. [PMID: 31734360 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Herein, positively surface-charged silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) capped with trimethylchitosan nitrate (TMCN) were synthesized using an environmentally friendly method. Nano-sized TMCN-AgNPs (~80 nm) with high zeta potential (>30 mV) provide sufficient static repulsion to stabilize colloid AgNPs in aqueous solutions without aggregation for >3 months. In in vitro cell cycle assays, TMCN-AgNPs showed low cytotoxicity towards L929 cells. A microdilution inhibition assay demonstrated the antifungal potential of TMCN-AgNPs, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.06 mM against Candida tropicalis ATCC 750, and 0.46 mM against both Candida albicans ATCC 76615 and Candida glabrata ATCC 15545. Moreover, the addition of TMCN-AgNPs at 0.23 mM significantly reduced biofilm formation in 96-well plates with C. albicans and C. tropicalis. Importantly, when zebrafish eggs were infected with Candida cells, 0.23 mM TMCN-AgNPs greatly diminished the amount of biofilm on eggs and rescued the survival of embryos by up to 70%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Hung Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Cheung Chen
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hua Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Xin-An Chen
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Tein-Yao Chang
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chuan Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Jenn-Jong Young
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Jang-Jih Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou, Taoyuan City, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.
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Ottoni CA, Maria DA, Gonçalves PJRDO, de Araújo WL, de Souza AO. Biogenic Aspergillus tubingensis silver nanoparticles' in vitro effects on human umbilical vein endothelial cells, normal human fibroblasts, HEPG2, and Galleria mellonella. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2019; 8:789-801. [PMID: 32206300 PMCID: PMC7069381 DOI: 10.1039/c9tx00091g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely incorporated into different hygiene, personal care, and healthcare products. However, few studies have been undertaken to determine the effects of biogenic AgNPs on human health. The effect of biosynthesized AgNPs using the fungus Aspergillus tubingensis culture was evaluated on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), normal human fibroblasts (FN1), human hepatoma cells (HEPG2) and a Galleria mellonella model. HUVECs were more susceptible to biogenic AgNPs than normal fibroblasts FN1 and intense cytotoxicity was observed only for very high concentrations at and above 2.5 μM for both cells. Normal human fibroblasts FN1 exposed to AgNPs for 24 h showed viability of 98.83 ± 8.40% and 94.86 ± 5.50% for 1.25 and 2.5 μM, respectively. At 5 and 10 μM, related to the control, an increase in cell viability was observed being 112.66 ± 9.94% and 117.86 ± 8.86%, respectively. Similar results were obtained for treatment for 48 and 72 h. At 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10 μM of AgNPs, at 24 h, HUVECs showed 51.34 ± 7.47%, 27.01 ± 5.77%, 26.00 ± 3.03% and 27.64 ± 5.85% of viability, respectively. No alteration in cell distribution among different cycle phases was observed after HUVEC and normal fibroblast FN1 exposure to AgNPs from 0.01 to 1 μM for 24, 48 and 72 h. Based on the clonogenic assay, nanoparticles successfully inhibited HEPG2 cell proliferation when exposed to concentrations up to 1 μM. In addition to that, AgNPs did not induce senescence and no morphological alteration was observed by scanning electron microscopy on the endothelial cells. In the larvae of the wax moth, Galleria mellonella, a model for toxicity, AgNPs showed no significant effects, which corroborates to the safety of their use in mammalian cells. These results demonstrate that the use of A. tubingensis AgNPs is a promising biotechnological approach and these AgNPs can be applied in several biomedical situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Angélica Ottoni
- São Paulo State University (UNESP) , Praça Infante Dom Henrique , s/n - São Vicente - SP , Zip Code 11330-900 , São Vicente , SP , Brazil
| | - Durvanei Augusto Maria
- Molecular Biology Laboratory , Instituto Butantan , Avenida Vital Brasil , 1500 , Zip Code 05503-900 , São Paulo , SP , Brazil . ; Tel: +55113723-7034
| | | | - Welington Luiz de Araújo
- LABMEM , Microbiology Department , ICB II , Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes , 1374 , Universidade de São Paulo , Zipe code 05508-900 , São Paulo , SP , Brazil
| | - Ana Olívia de Souza
- Molecular Biology Laboratory , Instituto Butantan , Avenida Vital Brasil , 1500 , Zip Code 05503-900 , São Paulo , SP , Brazil . ; Tel: +55113723-7034
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Jalal M, Ansari MA, Alzohairy MA, Ali SG, Khan HM, Almatroudi A, Siddiqui MI. Anticandidal activity of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles: effect on growth, cell morphology, and key virulence attributes of Candida species. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:4667-4679. [PMID: 31308652 PMCID: PMC6612830 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s210449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The pathogenicity in Candida spp was attributed by several virulence factors such as production of tissue damaging extracellular enzymes, germ tube formation, hyphal morphogenesis and establishment of drug resistant biofilm. The objective of present study was to investigate the effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on growth, cell morphology and key virulence attributes of Candida species. Methods: AgNPs were synthesized by the using seed extract of Syzygium cumini (Sc), and were characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometer, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). ScAgNPs were used to evaluate their antifungal and antibacterial activity as well as their potent inhibitory effects on germ tube and biofilm formation and extracellular enzymes viz. phospholipases, proteinases, lipases and hemolysin secreted by Candida spp. Results: The MICs values of ScAgNPs were ranged from 0.125-0.250 mg/ml, whereas the MBCs and MFCs were 0.250 and 0.500 mg/ml, respectively. ScAgNPs significantly inhibit the production of phospholipases by 82.2, 75.7, 78.7, 62.5, and 65.8%; proteinases by 82.0, 72.0, 77.5, 67.0, and 83.7%; lipase by 69.4, 58.8, 60.0, 42.9, and 65.0%; and hemolysin by 62.8, 69.7, 67.2, 73.1, and 70.2% in C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. dubliniensis, C. parapsilosis and C. krusei, respectively, at 500 μg/ml. ScAgNPs inhibit germ tube formation in C. albicans up to 97.1% at 0.25 mg/ml. LIVE/DEAD staining results showed that ScAgNPs almost completely inhibit biofilm formation in C. albicans. TEM analysis shows that ScAgNPs not only anchored onto the cell surface but also penetrated and accumulated in the cytoplasm that causes severe damage to the cell wall and cytoplasmic membrane. Conclusion: To summarize, the biosynthesized ScAgNPs strongly suppressed the multiplication, germ tube and biofilm formation and most importantly secretion of hydrolytic enzymes (viz. phospholipases, proteinases, lipases and hemolysin) by Candia spp. The present research work open several avenues of further study, such as to explore the molecular mechanism of inhibition of germ tubes and biofilm formation and suppression of production of various hydrolytic enzymes by Candida spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Jalal
- Department of Microbiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh202002, India
| | - Mohammad Azam Ansari
- Department of Epidemic Disease Research, Institutes for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A Alzohairy
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Qassim51431, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Ghazanfar Ali
- Department of Microbiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh202002, India
| | - Haris M Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh202002, India
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Qassim51431, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Imran Siddiqui
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zakir Husain College of Engineering and Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh202202, India
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