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Kardel KR, Iversen PO, Kaaya AN, Muhoozi G, Veierød MB, Wangen KR, Børøsund E, Friberg PA. A pragmatic randomized trial to examine the effect of combining healthy diet with mindfulness cognitive therapy to reduce depressive symptoms among university students in a low-resource setting: protocol for the NutriMind Project. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:610. [PMID: 39261786 PMCID: PMC11391632 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-06056-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health disorders still rank as leading causes of morbidity worldwide despite increasing awareness and improvements in treatment. Notably, low- and middle-income countries like Uganda, are disproportionately affected by such disorders. The burden of depressive symptoms in these countries is particularly high among students, aggravated by poverty, malnutrition, and inadequate public health governance, yet it is clearly under-researched, making it hard to achieve several of UN Sustainability Development Goals. Current treatment options are insufficient to tackle the increased burden of depressive disease. This is more challenging for low-resource regions especially in Sub-Saharan Africa, suggesting the need for alternative treatments that can swiftly be applied if proven effective. The main aim of this randomized controlled trial (RCT) is therefore to examine if a low-cost healthy diet (based on local Ugandan foods) combined with easy-to access mindfulness cognitive therapy can reduce depressive symptoms among university students in Uganda. METHODS We will recruit female and male students at Makerere University, the largest public university in Uganda, to an open, intention-to-treat, two-armed RCT. Those who score above a predefined threshold on a self-reported assessment of depressive symptoms, measured by the Center for Epidemiological Studies - Depression score (CES-D), are eligible for study inclusion and will be randomized to either an intervention (n = 125) or a control (n = 125) group. The intervention group will receive educational group-based sessions on how to prepare a Mediterranean-type of healthy diet and how to adhere to the principles of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy. Outcome measures include self-reported depression symptoms, quality of life, and dietary intakes. In addition we will perform a cost-effectiveness analysis. The RCT intervention will last 9 months, followed by additional 15 months with regular data collections. DISCUSSION We here describe a novel approach to treat depressive symptoms among university students living in resource constraint settings, by combining a healthy diet with low threshold psychotherapy. If this intervention succeeds, our project can be viewed as a step towards evidence-based behavior practices for young adults with a common mental disorder (depression) that are beneficial to public mental health initiatives and management. TRIAL REGISTRATION The RCT is registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT05848973). The date of registration was August 14, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Per Ole Iversen
- Department of Nutrition, IMB, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Haematology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
- Division of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa.
| | | | - Grace Muhoozi
- Department of Family life and Consumer studies, Kyambogo University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Marit B Veierød
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Reidar Wangen
- Department of Health Management and Health Economics, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elin Børøsund
- Department of Digital Health Research, Division of Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Li Y, Wan Z, Gong X, Wen L, Sun T, Liu J, Xie X, Zhang C, Cai Z. The association between child maltreatment, cognitive reappraisal, negative coping styles, and non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents with major depressive disorder. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:592. [PMID: 39223473 PMCID: PMC11370082 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-06041-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a significant public health concern among adolescents with major depressive disorders (MDD). Although previous research has linked child maltreatment (CM) to NSSI, the precise mechanisms remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the association between CM, cognitive reappraisal (CR), negative coping styles (NC) and NSSI in adolescents with MDD, from the perspectives of both Latent Variable Theory and the Network Theory of Mental Disorder. METHODS A sample of 651 adolescents with MDD was recruited from January to December 2023. Data on CM, CR, NC, and NSSI were collected through paper-based self-reported questionnaires. Data analysis primarily involved structural equation modeling and network analysis. RESULTS The reporting rate of NSSI among adolescents with MDD was 48.2%. CM showed a significant positive correlation with NSSI. NSSI was affected by CM through three paths: the mediating role of CR, the mediating role of NC, and the chain mediating role of both CR and NC. Emotional abuse (EA) was the central node, while NSSI, EA, and "The urge to cry quietly when faced with troubles"(NC10) were the key bridge nodes. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to use both structural equation modeling and network analysis to explore the explore the relationship between CM, CR, NC, and NSSI in adolescents with MDD, providing a theoretical basis for future early prevention and targeted interventions for adolescents with MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinglin Li
- Department of Nursing, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Zhiying Wan
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Xuan Gong
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Li Wen
- Department of Nursing, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Ting Sun
- Department of Nursing, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Jingfang Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Xiangying Xie
- Department of Nursing, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Chunlong Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Zhongxiang Cai
- Department of Nursing, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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Golec de Zavala A, Förster C, Ziegler M, Nalberczak-Skóra M, Ciesielski P, Mazurkiewicz M. The shape of the change: Cumulative and incremental changes in daily mood during mobile-app-supported mindfulness training. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2024; 16:1122-1140. [PMID: 38183357 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Understanding of the exact trajectories of mood improvements during mindfulness practice helps to optimize mindfulness-based interventions. The Mindfulness-to-Meaning model expects mood improvements to be linear, incremental, and cumulative. Our findings align with this expectation. We used multilevel growth curve models to analyze daily changes in positive mood reported by 190 Polish participants during 42 days of a mobile-app-supported, mindfulness-based intervention. The daily positive mood increased among 83.68% of participants. Participants who started the training reported worse mood improved more and faster than participants with better mood at the baseline. Dispositional mindfulness and narcissism - individual difference variables associated with high vs. low emotion regulation ability, respectively - were not associated with mood improvement trajectories. A small group of participants (16.32%) showed a steady decline in positive mood during the intervention. The results underscore the importance of a more comprehensive understanding of individual variability in benefiting from mindfulness-based interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chiara Förster
- Psychological Institute, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Pawel Ciesielski
- Faculty of Psychology and Cognitive Science, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Magdalena Mazurkiewicz
- Department of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland
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Yavuz Sercekman M. Exploring the sustained impact of the Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction program: a thematic analysis. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1347336. [PMID: 39100567 PMCID: PMC11294918 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1347336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to explore the time-varying impact of the Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) program, specifically examining its effects on various variables 3 months, 1 year, and 3 years after program completion. Additionally, the study aimed to identify the barriers and facilitators in maintaining mindfulness practice over time and the preferred mindfulness practices among participants in three distinct time groups. Methods The study utilized a qualitative research design, conducting semi-structured interviews with 45 participants who had completed the 8-week MBSR program at different time points. Thematic analysis was employed to analyze the qualitative data obtained from the interviews, allowing for the identification of key themes and patterns. Results The findings revealed that the effectiveness of the MBSR program varied at different times and across different variables. Immediately after completing the program, participants experienced a significant decrease in stress levels and an increase in awareness. One year later, the program continued to have positive effects on inner calm, coping mechanisms, and relationships. Three years after completing the program, its long-term impact was observed in the adoption of a mindful lifestyle, increased compassion and kindness, and ongoing personal growth. Discussion The study highlights the transformative potential of the MBSR program beyond short-term symptom relief. The long-term effects observed in overall wellbeing emphasize the sustained efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions. The identified barriers and facilitators in maintaining mindfulness practice provide insights for program implementation and individual engagement. By understanding the long-term impact and preferences of participants, tailored interventions can be developed to maximize the benefits of the MBSR program for individuals over time.
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Logemann-Molnár Z, Veres-Székely A, Demetrovics Z, Logemann HNA. Mindfulness and inhibitory control: Insights from the stop signal task with neutral and reward-associated stimuli. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303384. [PMID: 38776292 PMCID: PMC11111087 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Mindfulness has been linked to enhanced inhibitory control, yet the dynamics of this relationship, especially in reward situations, are not well understood. Our cross-sectional study aimed to explore the relationship between trait mindfulness and a performance measure of inhibitory control as a function of reward context operationalized by stimuli characteristics, and temporal inhibitory demands. Thirty-six individuals aged 19 to 41 filled out the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) and performed a stop signal task (SST), that included both neutral (stone images) and reward-related (money images) stimuli. The SST encompassed four conditions: neutral go/neutral stop, neutral go/reward stop, reward go/neutral stop, and reward go/reward stop, requiring participants to suppress reactions either during or after encountering reward-related stimuli. The relevant index of inhibitory control is the stop signal reaction time (SSRT), a performance measure of inhibitory control. Our findings showed no notable variation in the relationship between the MAAS score and SSRT across the different conditions. However, there was an overall significant effect of MAAS score on SSRT, irrespective of condition. Results may reflect the benefit of mindfulness on inhibitory control after generalized reward exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsófia Logemann-Molnár
- Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Research on Adult Education and Knowledge Management, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Veres-Székely
- MTA-ELTE Lendület Adaptation Research Group, Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar, Gibraltar
- College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - H. N. Alexander Logemann
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Al-Hammouri MM. The Role of Dominant Spiritual and Religious Coping Modality on Psychological Predictors Among Nursing Students. J Holist Nurs 2024:8980101241255160. [PMID: 38772631 DOI: 10.1177/08980101241255160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Purpose: The current study aimed to examine the role of the dominant spiritual and religious coping modality on health-related variables and determinants, including stress overload, mindfulness, and impulsivity, among nursing students. Methods: A cross-sectional design was used to achieve the study goal. The authors recruited 1199 nursing students. The results showed that the mean for positive spiritual and religious coping was higher compared to negative spiritual and religious coping. Results: In the current study, 73.3% of nursing students predominantly used positive spiritual and religious coping compared to 17.6% in the neutral group and 9.1% in the negative spiritual and religious coping group. Positive spiritual and religious coping was positively correlated with mindfulness and stress overload and negatively correlated with impulsivity. According to the ANOVA results, students with positive spiritual and religious coping tended to have a significantly higher stress overload, higher mindfulness, and lower impulsivity compared to the neutral and negative spiritual and coping groups. Negative spiritual and religious coping group significantly differed from the neutral groups only in terms of impulsivity. Conclusion: The current study's findings help nursing students by determining dominant spiritual and religious coping modalities and provide valuable information in directing counseling efforts. Results and implications were discussed.
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Lillo-Navarro C, Fernández-Pires P, Benavides Gil G, Martínez-Zaragoza F, Chaves C, Roca P, Peral-Gómez P, González Valero ME, Mendialdua Canales D, Poveda Alfaro JL, Goldin PR, Sánchez-Pérez A. Effects of a mindfulness-based program on the occupational balance and mental health of university students. Protocol for a randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302018. [PMID: 38696406 PMCID: PMC11065289 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim is to examine whether the addition of Virtual Reality (VR) meditation training to a standard 8-week Mindfulness-Based Health Care Program (MBHC-VR) results in a significantly increased improvement in occupational, mental health, and psychological functioning versus MBHC-only in university students. MATERIALS AND METHODS A randomized controlled clinical trial with three arms (MBHC, MBHC-VR, Control Group), four assessment time points (pre-intervention, inter-session, post-intervention, and 3-month follow-up), and mixed methodology will be proposed. University students (undergraduate, master, or doctoral) interested in participating and who meet the inclusion/exclusion criteria will be included over two years. Data will be collected from different ad hoc questionnaires, several standardized tests, and an Ecological Momentary Assessment. We will use R software to carry out descriptive analyses (univariate and bivariate), multilevel modeling, and structural equation models to respond to the proposed objective. The qualitative analysis will be carried out using the MAXQDA program and the technique of focus groups. DISCUSSION It is expected that with the proposed intervention university students will learn to relate in a healthier way with their mental processes, so as to improve their occupational balance (OB) and their psychological well-being. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT05929430.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Lillo-Navarro
- Centre for Translational Research in Physiotherapy (CEIT), Department of Pathology and Surgery, Miguel Hernández University of Elche (UMH), Alicante, Spain
| | - Paula Fernández-Pires
- B+D+b Occupational Research Group, Department of Pathology and Surgery, Miguel Hernández University of Elche (UMH), Alicante, Spain
- Alicante Health and Biomedical Research Institute (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - Gemma Benavides Gil
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Health, Miguel Hernández University of Elche (UMH), Alicante, Spain
| | - Fermín Martínez-Zaragoza
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Health, Miguel Hernández University of Elche (UMH), Alicante, Spain
| | - Covadonga Chaves
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Clinical Psychology, School of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Roca
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Villanueva, Madrid, Spain
- Valencian International University, Valencia, Spain
| | - Paula Peral-Gómez
- B+D+b Occupational Research Group, Department of Pathology and Surgery, Miguel Hernández University of Elche (UMH), Alicante, Spain
- Alicante Health and Biomedical Research Institute (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - María Elena González Valero
- B+D+b Occupational Research Group, Department of Pathology and Surgery, Miguel Hernández University of Elche (UMH), Alicante, Spain
| | | | | | - Philippe R. Goldin
- University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Alicia Sánchez-Pérez
- B+D+b Occupational Research Group, Department of Pathology and Surgery, Miguel Hernández University of Elche (UMH), Alicante, Spain
- Alicante Health and Biomedical Research Institute (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
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Vidal EIDO, Ribeiro LFA, Carvalho-Filho MAD, Fukushima FB. Mindfulness training in medical education as a means to improve resilience, empathy, and mental health in the medical profession. World J Psychiatry 2024; 14:489-493. [PMID: 38659597 PMCID: PMC11036457 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v14.i4.489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The high rates of depression, burnout, and increased risk of suicide among medical students, residents, and physicians in comparison with other careers signal a mental health crisis within our profession. We contend that this crisis coupled with the inadequate acquisition of interpersonal skills during medical education results from the interaction between a challenging environment and the mental capital of individuals. Additionally, we posit that mindfulness-based practices are instrumental for the development of major components of mental capital, such as resilience, flexibility of mind, and learning skills, while also serving as a pathway to enhance empathy, compassion, self-awareness, conflict resolution, and relational abilities. Importantly, the evidence base supporting the effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions has been increasing over the years, and a growing number of medical schools have already integrated mindfulness into their curricula. While we acknowledge that mindfulness is not a panacea for all educational and mental health problems in this field, we argue that there is currently an unprecedented opportunity to gather momentum, spread and study mindfulness-based programs in medical schools around the world as a way to address some longstanding shortcomings of the medical profession and the health and educational systems upon which it is rooted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edison Iglesias de Oliveira Vidal
- Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil
- Wenckebach Institute for Education and Training, LEARN - Lifelong Learning, Education and Assessment Research Network, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713AV, Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Marco Antonio de Carvalho-Filho
- Wenckebach Institute for Education and Training, LEARN - Lifelong Learning, Education and Assessment Research Network, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713AV, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Fernanda Bono Fukushima
- Wenckebach Institute for Education and Training, LEARN - Lifelong Learning, Education and Assessment Research Network, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713AV, Groningen, Netherlands
- Surgical Specialties and Anesthesiology Department, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil
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Kaisti I, Kulmala P, Hintsanen M, Hurtig T, Repo S, Paunio T, Miettunen J, Halt AH, Jääskeläinen E. The effects of mindfulness-based interventions in medical students: a systematic review. ADVANCES IN HEALTH SCIENCES EDUCATION : THEORY AND PRACTICE 2024; 29:245-271. [PMID: 37227541 PMCID: PMC10927869 DOI: 10.1007/s10459-023-10231-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The number of studies on the effects of mindfulness on healthcare professionals is increasing. The main aim of this study was to collate the quantitative results of original studies analyzing the effects of mindfulness-based interventions on a variety of outcomes in medical students. We also analyzed how the study design and characteristics of the intervention affect the results, and identified qualitative effects of mindfulness interventions. A literature search was performed in different databases in June 2020. Original articles meeting the following criteria were included: (1) at least 50% of the participants were medical students, (2) included a mindfulness intervention, (3) analyzed any outcome relating to mindfulness intervention, (4) peer-reviewed (5) written in English. Eventually, 31 articles including 24 different samples were included. Over half of the studies were RCTs. In over half of the studies, the intervention was 4- to 10-week original Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction or Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy or a modification of these. In general, satisfaction with the interventions was good. Based on a meta-analysis, after the intervention, the intervention group had statistically significantly fewer symptoms of stress and distress and had higher mindfulness than the controls. The beneficial effects persisted in follow-ups over months or years. Both long and shorter courses and courses with and without face-to-face sessions were effective. Both controlled and uncontrolled studies had statistically significant results. Qualitative results revealed potential factors behind the quantitative effects. The number of studies on mindfulness interventions in medical students has increased drastically. Mindfulness-based interventions seem to offer a good possibility to enhance medical students' well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Kaisti
- Research Unit of Population Health, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Petri Kulmala
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mirka Hintsanen
- The Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tuula Hurtig
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Psychiatry, Child Psychiatry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Clinic of Child Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Saara Repo
- Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Paunio
- Department of Psychiatry and SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jouko Miettunen
- Research Unit of Population Health, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anu-Helmi Halt
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Psychiatry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Erika Jääskeläinen
- Research Unit of Population Health, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
- Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
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Wan DWJ, Goh LSH, Teo MYK, Loh CJL, Yak GHK, Lee JJH, Ravindran N, Abdul Rahman ND, Chiam M, Ong EK, Somasundaram N, Lim YY, Phua GLG, Krishna LKR. Enhancing self-care education amongst medical students: a systematic scoping review. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2024; 24:37. [PMID: 38191374 PMCID: PMC10773141 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04965-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reports of emotional, existential and moral distress amongst medical students witnessing death and suffering of patients during their clinical postings have raised awareness on the need for better psycho-emotional support during medical school. Furthermore, the stress experienced by medical students stemming from the rigours of their academic curriculum underlines the need for greater awareness on mental health issues and better self-care practices across medical training. With such programmes lacking in most medical schools, we propose a systematic scoping review (SSR) to map and address our research question, "what is known about self-care education interventions amongst medical students?". METHODS We adopted the Systematic Evidence-Based Approach to guide a systematic scoping review (SSR in SEBA) of relevant articles published between 1st January 2000 and 30th June 2023 in PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, ERIC, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases. The included articles were independently and concurrently thematically and content analysed, with complementary categories and themes combined using the Jigsaw Approach. The domains created from the Funnelling Process framed the discussion. RESULTS A total of 6128 abstracts were identified, 429 full-text articles evaluated, and 147 articles included. The 6 domains identified were definition, topics, pedagogy, influences, outcomes and assessment. Most interventions were promising, though peer-led mindfulness-based interventions showed most promise in enhancing engagement, positively impacting personal wellbeing, and improving patient care. Overall, however, self-care education was poorly recognized, adopted and integrated into curricula. CONCLUSION Greater dedicated time and conducive practice environments within medical school curricula is required to enhance medical student wellbeing. Host organizations must ensure faculty are appropriately selected to instil the importance of self-care, be trained to assess and personalize self-care interventions and provide longitudinal assessment and support. Further study into assessing self-care capabilities is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darius Wei Jun Wan
- Division of Palliative and Supportive Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road NUHS Tower Block Level 11, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Laura Shih Hui Goh
- Division of Palliative and Supportive Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road NUHS Tower Block Level 11, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Mac Yu Kai Teo
- Division of Palliative and Supportive Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road NUHS Tower Block Level 11, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Celestine Jia Ling Loh
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital (KKH), 100 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore, 229899, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Gerald Hng Kai Yak
- Division of Palliative and Supportive Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road NUHS Tower Block Level 11, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Joanna Jing Hui Lee
- Division of Palliative and Supportive Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road NUHS Tower Block Level 11, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Nila Ravindran
- Division of Palliative and Supportive Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road NUHS Tower Block Level 11, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Nur Diana Abdul Rahman
- Division of Cancer Education, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
| | - Min Chiam
- Division of Cancer Education, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
| | - Eng Koon Ong
- Division of Palliative and Supportive Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
- Division of Cancer Education, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
- Assisi Hospice, 823 Thomson Road, Singapore, 574627, Singapore
| | - Nagavalli Somasundaram
- Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
| | - Ying Yin Lim
- Division of Palliative Care, Alexandra Hospital, 378 Alexandra Rd, Singapore, 159964, Singapore
| | - Gillian Li Gek Phua
- Division of Palliative and Supportive Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
- Lien Centre for Palliative Care, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, 8 College Rd, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Lalit Kumar Radha Krishna
- Division of Palliative and Supportive Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore.
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road NUHS Tower Block Level 11, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.
- Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.
- Division of Cancer Education, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore.
- Palliative Care Institute Liverpool, Academic Palliative & End of Life Care Centre, Cancer Research Centre, University of Liverpool, 200 London Road L3 9TA, Liverpool, UK.
- Centre for Biomedical Ethics, National University of Singapore, Blk MD11, 10 Medical Drive, #02-03, Singapore, 117597, Singapore.
- PalC, The Palliative Care Centre for Excellence in Research and Education, Singapore, PalC c/o Dover Park Hospice, 10 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308436, Singapore.
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11
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Li H, Upreti T, Do V, Dance E, Lewis M, Jacobson R, Goldberg A. Measuring wellbeing: A scoping review of metrics and studies measuring medical student wellbeing across multiple timepoints. MEDICAL TEACHER 2024; 46:82-101. [PMID: 37405740 DOI: 10.1080/0142159x.2023.2231625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Studies have demonstrated poor mental health in medical students. However, there is wide variation in study design and metric use, impairing comparability. The authors aimed to examine the metrics and methods used to measure medical student wellbeing across multiple timepoints and identify where guidance is necessary. METHODS Five databases were searched between May and June 2021 for studies using survey-based metrics among medical students at multiple timepoints. Screening and data extraction were done independently by two reviewers. Data regarding the manuscript, methodology, and metrics were analyzed. RESULTS 221 studies were included, with 109 observational and 112 interventional studies. There were limited studies (15.4%) focused on clinical students. Stress management interventions were the most common (40.2%). Few (3.57%) interventional studies followed participants longer than 12 months, and 38.4% had no control group. There were 140 unique metrics measuring 13 constructs. 52.1% of metrics were used only once. CONCLUSIONS Unique guidance is needed to address gaps in study design as well as unique challenges surrounding medical student wellbeing surveys. Metric use is highly variable and future research is necessary to identify metrics specifically validated in medical student samples that reflect the diversity of today's students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Tushar Upreti
- Max Rady College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba Rady, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Victor Do
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto Temerty, Toronto, Canada
| | - Erica Dance
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Melanie Lewis
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Ryan Jacobson
- Office of Advocacy and Wellbeing, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Aviva Goldberg
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba Rady, Winnipeg, Canada
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12
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Torquati J, Lombardi C, Chazan Cohen R, Matthews A, Brophy-Herb H. Mindfulness, coping, and disruptions as predictors of college student distress at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-12. [PMID: 38015160 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2277184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Objective: This research examined how stressors experienced by college students within the first month of the COVID-19 pandemic were associated with their reports of psychological distress, mindfulness, and coping strategies. Participants: Students attending 11 universities in the U.S. (N = 464, M age = 20.72, SD = 3.90, 91% female, 61% White, and 77% non-Hispanic) in early childhood education, child development, and family science classes participated.Methods: Students completed an online survey about pandemic-related disruptions, depressive symptoms, mindfulness, coping, and demographics.Results: Students whose families had more financial difficulties reported more disruptions. Depression and avoidant coping were positively correlated with distress, while mindfulness was inversely correlated with distress and depression. Disruptions, family financial status, depressive symptoms, mindfulness, and avoidant coping significantly predicted distress, controlling for university site and student sex, age, race, and ethnicity in multiple regression analyses. Avoidant coping significantly moderated (amplified) the effect of disruptions on distress. Conclusions: College student well-being can be supported through Campus programming that includes mindfulness practices and alternatives to avoidant strategies for coping with stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Torquati
- Department of Child, Youth and Family Studies, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Caitlin Lombardi
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Rachel Chazan Cohen
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ann Matthews
- Department of Social Work, Nebraska Wesleyan University, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Holly Brophy-Herb
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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13
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Krause JT, Brown SM. Mindfulness Intervention Improves Coping and Perceptions of Children's Behavior among Families with Elevated Risk. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:7092. [PMID: 38063522 PMCID: PMC10706069 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20237092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Mindfulness-informed interventions (MIIs) are increasingly common but have not been extensively studied among families with elevated levels of risk (e.g., those involved in child protective services and/or receiving financial assistance). These families often experience high rates of stressors that can impact coping strategies, interpersonal dynamics, and relationships. Given that mindfulness has been shown to promote health and wellbeing, this study used a sample from two pilot randomized controlled trials to test the extent to which a mindfulness-informed intervention improved coping strategies and perceptions of children's behavior among 53 families with elevated risk. A principal components analysis with a direct oblimin rotation revealed that cognitive-emotion coping strategies could be characterized by three factors: positive adaptation, negative adaptation, and positive refocusing. Intention-to-treat analysis indicated significant group by time differences, with intervention participants demonstrating improvements in positive refocusing coping, positive adaptation coping, and perceptions of children's behavior problems compared to participants in the waitlist control group. No significant differences were found for negative adaptation coping strategies. Findings provide preliminary support for the benefits of mindfulness training in a sample generally underrepresented in the mindfulness intervention literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill T. Krause
- Department of Human Development & Family Studies, Colorado State University, 1570 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1570, USA
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14
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Ernst H, Scherpf M, Pannasch S, Helmert JR, Malberg H, Schmidt M. Assessment of the human response to acute mental stress-An overview and a multimodal study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294069. [PMID: 37943894 PMCID: PMC10635557 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous vital signs are reported in association with stress response assessment, but their application varies widely. This work provides an overview over methods for stress induction and strain assessment, and presents a multimodal experimental study to identify the most important vital signs for effective assessment of the response to acute mental stress. We induced acute mental stress in 65 healthy participants with the Mannheim Multicomponent Stress Test and acquired self-assessment measures (Likert scale, Self-Assessment Manikin), salivary α-amylase and cortisol concentrations as well as 60 vital signs from biosignals, such as heart rate variability parameters, QT variability parameters, skin conductance level, and breath rate. By means of statistical testing and a self-optimizing logistic regression, we identified the most important biosignal vital signs. Fifteen biosignal vital signs related to ventricular repolarization variability, blood pressure, skin conductance, and respiration showed significant results. The logistic regression converged with QT variability index, left ventricular work index, earlobe pulse arrival time, skin conductance level, rise time and number of skin conductance responses, breath rate, and breath rate variability (F1 = 0.82). Self-assessment measures indicated successful stress induction. α-amylase and cortisol showed effect sizes of -0.78 and 0.55, respectively. In summary, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis and sympathetic nervous system were successfully activated. Our findings facilitate a coherent and integrative understanding of the assessment of the stress response and help to align applications and future research concerning acute mental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Ernst
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Matthieu Scherpf
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sebastian Pannasch
- Chair of Engineering Psychology and Applied Cognitive Research, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens R. Helmert
- Chair of Engineering Psychology and Applied Cognitive Research, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hagen Malberg
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Schmidt
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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15
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Lyon TR, Galbraith A. Mindful Self-Compassion as an Antidote to Burnout for Mental Health Practitioners. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2715. [PMID: 37893789 PMCID: PMC10606131 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11202715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this correlational study was to explore the relationship between levels of self-compassion and burnout for currently practicing mental health practitioners (MHPs) in the United States. All professionals are vulnerable to burnout based on various types of organizational stressors, but burnout is of particular concern for health care service providers who may need to adopt a stance of detachment, or emotional distance, as relief from intense workloads, with clients. The data were collected through an online survey. Regression analysis found that scores from Neff's Self-Compassion Scale were a significant negative predictor of levels of MHP burnout, as assessed by Schaufeli et al.'s Burnout Assessment Tool, p < 0.001. The implication of this finding is that cultivating self-compassion appears to be a pragmatic self-care strategy for MHPs to mitigate the negative effects of burnout. More educational and occupational training in self-compassion practices as self-care should be provided to help protect the physical and emotional well-being of MHPs. The deleterious systemic effects of burnout make MHP self-care an ethical issue, along with the need to identify protective factors, prevention, and treatment of burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Galbraith
- Marriage and Family Therapist, Los Angeles, CA 90025, USA;
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16
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Johnson BT, Acabchuk RL, George EA, Nardi W, Sun S, Salmoirago-Blotcher E, Scharf J, Loucks EB. Mental and Physical Health Impacts of Mindfulness Training for College Undergraduates: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Mindfulness (N Y) 2023; 14:2077-2096. [PMID: 38250521 PMCID: PMC10798265 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-023-02212-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Background Universities increasingly offer mindfulness-based programs (MBPs) to improve student health and reduce their impact on overburdened psychological services. It is critical for evidence-based policy to determine for what health outcomes mindfulness programs are effective and under what conditions. Objectives were to: (a) perform a comprehensive analysis of the effects of mindfulness interventions on physical, mental, and behavioral health outcomes in college undergraduate students, and (b) examine moderators of intervention effects to identify factors that may help improve existing university mindfulness programs and guide the design of new programs. Method Systematic searches of five databases identified MBP randomized controlled trials for undergraduate students, measuring any health outcome. Analyses using robust variance estimation focused on standardized mean differences for outcomes between groups and modeled through coded study features. Results The 58 studies in the review primarily focused on mental health with fewer assessments of physical health or health behaviors. Overall, mindfulness interventions significantly outperformed both active and inactive controls (ps<.05), with the most marked effects on anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and mindfulness; greater success appeared for clinical populations. Online programs performed equivalent to in-person, and non-MBP programs were equivalent to MBP programs after controlling for other factors. Publication bias and other quality issues also emerged. Conclusions Mindfulness programs improve well-being in college students, with the strongest evidence for reducing anxiety and depressive symptoms. More studies utilizing stronger methods are needed to evaluate mindfulness programs' effects on additional health outcomes and online interventions in clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca L. Acabchuk
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut
- RoundGlass, Bellevue, Washington
| | - Elisabeth A. George
- Department of Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University
| | - William Nardi
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health
- Mindfulness Center at Brown University
| | - Shufang Sun
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health
- Mindfulness Center at Brown University
| | - Elena Salmoirago-Blotcher
- Department of Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health
| | - Jodi Scharf
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health
| | - Eric B. Loucks
- Mindfulness Center at Brown University
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health
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Beltrán-Ruiz M, Fernández S, García-Campayo J, Puebla-Guedea M, López-del-Hoyo Y, Navarro-Gil M, Montero-Marin J. Effectiveness of attachment-based compassion therapy to reduce psychological distress in university students: a randomised controlled trial protocol. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1185445. [PMID: 37691796 PMCID: PMC10484595 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1185445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Higher education, particularly university, is a challenge for many students that can lead to their mental health being seriously affected. The stress to which they are subject throughout their time at university can lead to anxiety and depression. "Third wave" psychotherapies, including compassion-based therapy, have been used to improve psychological outcomes, such as stress, anxiety, emotional distress and well-being. There are some signs that third wave psychotherapies reduce psychological distress in university students, but more and higher-quality studies are needed. In this randomised controlled trial (RCT), we hypothesise that the provision of attachment-based compassion therapy (ABCT) will be more effective than an active control group based on relaxation therapy for improving psychological distress in university students. Methods and analysis A two-arm RCT will be conducted involving 140 university undergraduate and postgraduate students from the University of Zaragoza and the National University of Distance Education (UNED) who reside in the autonomous community of Aragon, Spain. Interventions with either ABCT or relaxation therapy will be implemented, with an allocation ratio of 1:1 between groups. Both interventions will last six weeks and consist of six weekly group sessions lasting 1.5 h each. Data will be collected before and after the intervention, and there will be a follow-up at six months. The primary outcome will be psychological distress at post-intervention. Secondary outcomes will be depression, anxiety, stress and burnout symptoms, affectivity and emotional regulation. Attachment style, experiential avoidance, compassion (for others/oneself) and mindfulness skills will be measured as potential mechanistic variables. Intention-to-treat analysis will be performed using linear mixed regression models. The clinical significance of improvements will be calculated. Potential side effects will be monitored by an independent clinical psychologist. Ethics and dissemination This study was approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of Aragón. Participant data will remain anonymous, and results will be submitted to peer-reviewed open-access journals and disseminated via conferences. Clinical Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT05197595.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Beltrán-Ruiz
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Selene Fernández
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Javier García-Campayo
- Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragonese Institute of Health Research, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Marta Puebla-Guedea
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Yolanda López-del-Hoyo
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragonese Institute of Health Research, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Mayte Navarro-Gil
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jesus Montero-Marin
- Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Teaching, Research & Innovation Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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Nguyen T, Pu C, Waits A, Tran TD, Ngo TH, Huynh QTV, Huang SL. Transforming stress program on medical students' stress mindset and coping strategies: a quasi-experimental study. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023; 23:587. [PMID: 37596565 PMCID: PMC10439558 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04559-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Stress is a significant concern in medical education, and identifying effective ways to deal with stress may help with students' mental health and professional development. This study aimed to examine the effects of the Transforming Stress Program (TSP) amongst first-year medical students on their stress mindset and coping strategies when confronted with stressors. METHODS We conducted a quasi-experimental study at the University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. A total of 409 first-year students at the Faculty of Medicine were divided into intervention group (205 students) and control group (204 students). The 10-week TSP was delivered as an extra-curricular course. The training adopts psychoeducation based on Dialectical Behavioral Therapy with mindfulness as a fundamental practice incorporated into each component of the program. The intervention group received the training in the first semester; the control group received identical program in the second semester. Stress Mindset Measurement and Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced were measured before the intervention (T0), immediately after intervention on Intervention group (T1), and six months after intervention on Intervention group (T2). RESULTS At T1, the intervention group showed 65% improvements in stress mindset scores and increases in coping strategies scores in six domains (Problem solving, Social support, Humor, Religion, Venting, and Self-distraction) and decreases in three (Avoidance, Substance use, and Self-blame). The effect sizes were significant in all outcomes (Cohen's d > 0.2). Measurements of the control group did not change significantly in the same period. At T2, effects of the TSP were found decreased in some domains (Avoidance, Substance use, and Self-blame) compared to T1, but largely remained significantly better than T0. CONCLUSIONS The TSP is a feasible and effective approach that significantly enhanced medical students' stress mindset and coping strategies. Some effects were still observable 6 months after the intervention. The relatively intensive intervention requires support of the school administration and staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Nguyen
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Christy Pu
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Alexander Waits
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tuan D Tran
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Song-Lih Huang
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Wang Q, Wang F, Zhang S, Liu C, Feng Y, Chen J. Effects of a mindfulness-based interventions on stress, burnout in nurses: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1218340. [PMID: 37599884 PMCID: PMC10434780 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1218340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Stress in the healthcare environment causes negative effects in nurses such as burnout, anxiety, and depression. The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in increased pressure on medical staff globally, highlighting the potential benefits of mindfulness-based interventions in reducing nurses' stress levels. Despite numerous studies exploring the effect of mindfulness-based training on nurses, the results remain inconclusive. Objective To systematically evaluate the impact of mindfulness training on nurse's performance and increase the certainty of existing evidence. Methods This study searched various databases, including EBSCO, Embase, Web of Science, PubMed, ProQuest, Scopus, Cochrane Online Library, Wanfang, SinoMed, CNKI, and VIP, for randomized controlled trials on the impact of mindfulness-based interventions for nurses up until 02 December 2022. Two investigators independently screened and extracted data from the articles, while also assessing the risk of bias. The data was analyzed using RevMan 5.4 software. Results This review identified 15 studies out of the 2,171 records retrieved, consisting of a total of 1,165 participants who were randomized. Post-intervention analysis provided very-low certainty evidence of moderate effectiveness of mindfulness-based training in reducing stress [standardized mean difference (SMD) = -0.81; 95% confidence interval (CI) = -1.11 to -0.52], with no significant effect on anxiety (SMD = -0.30; 95% CI = -0.72 to 0.13) or depression (SMD = -0.24; 95% CI = -0.55 to 0.07). However, the training was effective in reducing burnout, as demonstrated by the lower scores for emotional exhaustion (SMD = -4.27; 95% CI = -5.94 to -2.59) and depersonalization (SMD = -2.89; 95% CI = -4.24 to -1.54) and higher scores for personal accomplishment (SMD = 2.81; 95% CI = 0.12 to 5.50). There was a sustained improvement in stress levels in the short-term (≤3 months), with delayed benefits for burnout. However, only two studies were available for later follow-ups, and there was no significant evidence of long-term effects. Conclusion Mindfulness-based training may be a viable intervention for improving the psychological wellbeing of nurses, including reducing stress, burnout. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42023387081.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- School of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Guang’an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guang’an, Sichuan, China
| | - Shurong Zhang
- School of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chaofan Liu
- School of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yue Feng
- School of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Junzhu Chen
- School of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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20
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Andorfer A, Kraler S, Kaufmann P, Pollheimer E, Spah C, Fuchshuber J, Rominger C, Traunmüller C, Schwerdtfeger A, Unterrainer HF. Psychophysiological stress response after a 6-week Mindful Self-Compassion training in psychiatric rehabilitation inpatients: a randomized post-test only study. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1098122. [PMID: 37533890 PMCID: PMC10391549 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1098122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Mindfulness-based interventions (including self-compassion interventions) are effective in improving stress management at psychological and physical levels. Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) is a newly developed program particularly aimed at increasing self-compassion. The main objective of this study was to determine whether the psychophysiological stress response during a social-evaluative speaking task differs in inpatients participating in the MSC or the Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) program at the end of their 6-week psychiatric rehabilitation stay (i.e., post-test only design). Method Data from 50 inpatients (25 MSC, 25 PMR, 35 female) aged 19 to 76 years (M = 47.22, SD = 12.44) were analyzed in terms of psychophysiological stress response. For this purpose, heart rate variability, heart rate, and blood pressure were assessed together with several psychometric variables: positive and negative affect (PANAS), subjective stress perception (Visual Analog Scale), self-compassion (Self-Compassion Scale), cognitive reappraisal and suppression (Emotion Regulation Questionnaire), psychological distress (Brief Symptom Inventory-18), and appraisal and rumination (selected items). Results After correction for alpha inflation no differences in the psychophysiological stress response and psychometric parameters between the MSC and PMR group were found. Discussion In general, our results indicate that MSC is not superior to PMR training. However, more research with clinical randomized controlled trials investigating larger samples are needed to further affirm these initial findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Andorfer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- CIAR: Center for Integrative Addiction Research, Grüner Kreis Society, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabina Kraler
- Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Paul Kaufmann
- Center for Psychosocial Health, Sonnenpark Neusiedlersee, Rust, Austria
| | - Ewald Pollheimer
- Center for Psychosocial Health, Sonnenpark Neusiedlersee, Rust, Austria
| | - Christoph Spah
- Center for Psychosocial Health, Sonnenpark Neusiedlersee, Rust, Austria
| | - Jürgen Fuchshuber
- CIAR: Center for Integrative Addiction Research, Grüner Kreis Society, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | - Human-Friedrich Unterrainer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- CIAR: Center for Integrative Addiction Research, Grüner Kreis Society, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Department of Religious Studies, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Faculty of Psychotherapy Science, Sigmund Freud University, Vienna, Austria
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21
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Yosep I, Suryani S, Mediani HS, Mardhiyah A, Maulana I. Digital Therapy: Alleviating Anxiety and Depression in Adolescent Students During COVID-19 Online Learning - A Scoping Review. J Multidiscip Healthc 2023; 16:1705-1719. [PMID: 37366385 PMCID: PMC10290852 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s416424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The learning method has changed from offline to online since Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic cause mental health problems in students such as stress, anxiety, and even depression. Interventions to reduce mental health problems in adolescents need to be carried out digitally to reduce the transmission of Coronavirus Disease 2019. The purpose of this study is to explore methods of digital therapy to reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression among students during the Coronavirus Disease 2019. A scoping review study design was used in this study. Database the study from CINAHL, PubMed, and Scopus databases. This study used PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) and for quality appraisal used JBI Quality Appraisal. The inclusion criteria for articles in this study are full text, randomized control trial or quasi-experiment research design, English language, students sample, and the publication period during COVID-19 pandemic (2019-2022). There were found 13 articles discussing digital therapy and it was found that the digital therapy model to reduce anxiety and depression includes directions through digital modules, directions via video, and asynchronous discussions via online meeting. The sample range in this study is 37-1986 students. Most of the articles come from developed countries. Delivery services of digital therapy consist of three phases, namely psycho-education, problem-solving, and implementation of problem-solving strategies. The authors found that there are four digital therapy methods, namely Improving psychological abilities, Bias-modification intervention, Self-help intervention, and Mindfulness intervention. The implementation of digital therapy must still pay attention to various aspects that affect students, so that therapists need to pay attention to physical, psychological, spiritual, and cultural aspects. Here we highlight, digital therapy interventions are proven for improving mental health by reducing depression and anxiety levels among students during the COVID-19 pandemic by paying attention to all aspects that affect students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iyus Yosep
- Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
| | - Suryani Suryani
- Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
| | - Henny Suzana Mediani
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
| | - Ai Mardhiyah
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
| | - Indra Maulana
- Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
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Yosep I, Mardhiyah A, Sriati A. Mindfulness Intervention for Improving Psychological Wellbeing Among Students During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review. J Multidiscip Healthc 2023; 16:1425-1437. [PMID: 37251107 PMCID: PMC10224675 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s411849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic can cause mental health problems such as stress, social anxiety, depression, and decrease social life on students. Mental health problems need to be taken seriously to develop the stage of development and improve the psychological well-being of students on learning in the school. The aim of this study was to explore mindfulness interventions to improve psychological well-being among students. This study used the Scoping Review method. Literature from CINAHL, PubMed, and Scopus databases. The keywords used in English are psychological wellbeing, students, and mindfulness. The inclusion criteria were full text, study design randomized control trial or quasi-experimental, English language, population and sample were students, and the publication period is the last 10 years (2013-2022). From 2194 articles based on initial research, we found 10 articles were analyzed related to mindfulness interventions consisting of several methods, namely internet-based mindfulness, mindfulness-based intervention, and mindfulness-based stress reduction. Most of samples the study from the United States with the range samples were 20-166 students. Mindfulness interventions can be carried out improve the psychological well-being of students. Mindfulness therapy is done by fully concentrating the mind in meditation so that it can improve psychological health. Providing mindfulness therapy involves health workers such as nurses and psychologists to provide comprehensive therapy covering both physical and psychological aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iyus Yosep
- Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
| | - Ai Mardhiyah
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
| | - Aat Sriati
- Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
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Brami C, Sultan S, Robieux L, Piot MA, Gartili H, Zenasni F. Understanding students' motivations for participating in a mindfulness course: a qualitative analysis of medical students' views. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:163. [PMID: 37210498 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-03949-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Improving medical students' wellbeing and empowerment through curricular activities is a topic of interest worldwide. Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) are increasingly implemented in medical education often as part of elective courses. To better understand training outcomes and adjust curriculum to students' needs, we will explore why will medical students participate in meditation-based education? METHODS We analyzed 29 transcripts from the first session of an 8-week MBSR program offered to medical students in French. Transcripts were coded and analyzed using a qualitative content thematic analysis and the constant comparison method. RESULTS Analyses resulted in three themes describing students' motivation: (1) Medical education and the physician's role, i.e. improving interpersonal skills, acquiring skills oriented toward a more integrative medicine, being more productive in a highly competitive context. (2) Caring for my health i.e. aiming at stress reduction, emotion regulation, and improving self-compassion. (3) A quest for meaning, i.e. optimizing meaning of care, and meaning of life. CONCLUSION The results highlight the congruence between the perceived motivations and the evidence on the effect of mindfulness on self-care, the development of humanistic medical skills, and the meaning of care. Some findings raise the issue of the limits of using mindfulness to enhance one's productivity. Notably, participants articulated the need for self-care as in mindfulness training, with the ability to care for others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cloé Brami
- LaPEA - Université Paris Cité and Univ Gustave Eiffel, LaPEA, Boulogne- Billancourt, F-92100, France.
- GIS Théorie et Pratiques du Care, Université Paul Valéry, Montpellier, France.
| | - Serge Sultan
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Québec, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Léonore Robieux
- Laboratory of Psychopathology and processes of change, Université Paris 8, LPPC, Saint Denis, F- 93000, France
| | - Marie-Aude Piot
- Necker Enfants malades hospital, Child and adolescent psychiatry unit, Université de Paris-Cité, AP-HP, CESP, USQV Paris-Saclay, Paris, Inserm, 1018, France
| | - Honorine Gartili
- LaPEA - Université Paris Cité and Univ Gustave Eiffel, LaPEA, Boulogne- Billancourt, F-92100, France
| | - Franck Zenasni
- LaPEA - Université Paris Cité and Univ Gustave Eiffel, LaPEA, Boulogne- Billancourt, F-92100, France
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da Silva CCG, Bolognani CV, Amorim FF, Imoto AM. Effectiveness of training programs based on mindfulness in reducing psychological distress and promoting well-being in medical students: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Syst Rev 2023; 12:79. [PMID: 37147732 PMCID: PMC10160720 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-023-02244-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical schools have used mindfulness meditation as a strategy to assist students in stress management. This study aimed to seek evidence regarding the effectiveness of mindfulness-based training programs in reducing psychological distress and promoting the well-being of medical students. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed/MEDLINE, PsycINFO/PsycNet, LILACS/BVS, ERIC (ProQuest), Web of Science, OpenGrey, and Google Scholar were searched for randomized clinical trials published until March 2022, without time or language restrictions. Two authors independently screened the articles, extracted data using a standardized extraction form, and assessed the methodological quality of the included studies using the Cochrane's Risk of Bias 2 (ROB 2) tool and the quality of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) tool. RESULTS Of the 848 articles retrieved, 8 met the inclusion criteria. Mindfulness-based training improved the outcomes: mindfulness (small post-intervention effect: SMD = 0.29; 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.54; p = 0.03; I2 = 46%; high evidence quality, and small effect at follow-up: SMD = 0.37; 95% CI: 0.04 to 0.70; p = 0.03; I2 = 53%; low evidence quality), psychological well-being/health (there was no statistically significant difference between the groups in the post-intervention effect: SMD = - 0.27; 95% CI: - 0.67 to 0.13; p = 0.18; I2 = 76%; moderate evidence quality, and a significant difference at follow-up: SMD = - 0.73; 95% CI: - 1.23 to - 0.23; p = 0.004; I2 = 61%; low evidence quality), and stress (small post-intervention effect: SMD = - 0.29; CI of 95%: - 0.56 to - 0.02; p = 0.04; I2 = 57%; moderate evidence quality, and moderate effect at follow-up: SMD = - 0.45, 95% CI: - 0.67 to - 0.22, p = 0.0001, I2 = 0%, moderate evidence quality). The quality of evidence for the anxiety, depression, and resilience outcomes is low and for the empathy outcome, very low. CONCLUSION The results indicate that the students who participated in the mindfulness training perceived improvements in the stress and psychological distress symptoms and improved health perception and psychological well-being. However, the significant heterogeneity among studies should be considered when interpreting these findings. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42020153169.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cardoso Gomes da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Coordenação de Cursos Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu, Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde (ESCS), Setor Médico Hospitalar Norte, Conjunto A, Bloco 01, Edifício Fepecs - Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, 70710-907, Brazil.
- Coordenação de Pesquisa e Comunicação Científica, Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde (ESCS), Setor Médico Hospitalar Norte, Conjunto A, Bloco 01, Edifício Fepecs - Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, 70710-907, Brazil.
| | - Cláudia Vicari Bolognani
- Coordenação de Pesquisa e Comunicação Científica, Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde (ESCS), Setor Médico Hospitalar Norte, Conjunto A, Bloco 01, Edifício Fepecs - Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, 70710-907, Brazil
| | - Fábio Ferreira Amorim
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Coordenação de Cursos Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu, Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde (ESCS), Setor Médico Hospitalar Norte, Conjunto A, Bloco 01, Edifício Fepecs - Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, 70710-907, Brazil
| | - Aline Mizusaki Imoto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Coordenação de Cursos Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu, Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde (ESCS), Setor Médico Hospitalar Norte, Conjunto A, Bloco 01, Edifício Fepecs - Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, 70710-907, Brazil
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Cummerow J, Obst K, Voltmer E, Kötter T. Medical students' coping with stress and its predictors: a cross-sectional study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023; 14:11-18. [PMID: 36870063 PMCID: PMC10693402 DOI: 10.5116/ijme.63de.3840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Objectives To analyse stress coping styles of medical students at different time points of medical education and to identify predictors of functional coping. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students (N = 497, 361 women and 136 men) before year one (n = 141), after year one (n = 135) and after year five (n = 220). Students answered the Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory, the Work-Related Behaviour and Experience Patterns, the Perceived Medical School Stress Instrument and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Multiple regression was used to examine factors associated with functional coping. Results Single factor ANOVA indicated a significant difference for functional coping between the time points (F (2, 494) = 9.52, p < .01), with fifth-year students scoring significantly higher than students before or after year one. There was a significant difference in dysfunctional coping (F (2, 494) = 12.37, p < .01), with students before year one and after year five scoring higher than those after year one. Efficacy (β = 0.15, t (213) = 4.66, p < .01), emotional distancing (β = 0.04, t (213) = 3.50, p < .01) and satisfaction with life (β = 0.06, t (213) = 4.87, p < .01) were positive predictors of functional coping. Conclusions Scores for both functional and dysfunctional coping vary during medical education. The reasons for low coping scores after year one require further explanation. These findings represent a starting point for investigations into how to promote functional coping during early medical education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Cummerow
- Institute of Family Medicine, University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Katrin Obst
- Institute of Social Medicine and Epidemiology, University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Edgar Voltmer
- Institute of Social Medicine and Epidemiology, University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Thomas Kötter
- Institute of Family Medicine, University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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Yosep I, Hikmat R, Mardhiyah A, Kurniawan K, Amira I. A Scoping Review of the Online Interventions by Nurses for Reducing Negative Impact of Bullying on Students. J Multidiscip Healthc 2023; 16:773-783. [PMID: 36998991 PMCID: PMC10045312 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s406050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidents of bullying on students have increased every year. The negative impacts of bullying are physical problems, psychological problems such as depression and anxiety, and even risk of suicide. Interventions by online to reduce the negative impact of bullying are more effective and efficient. The aim of this study is to explore method of online-based nursing intervention on students for reducing the negative impact of bullying. This study used a scoping review method. The literature from three databases were PubMed, CINAHL, and Scopus. PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews was used for search strategy and we used keywords were "nursing care OR nursing intervention" AND "bullying OR victimization" AND "online OR digital" AND "student". The inclusion criteria for articles were primary research, the design of articles are randomized control trial or quasi-experimental, samples were students, and the setting time of publication is last 10 years (2013-2022). We found 686 articles based on initial research, after elimination based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and found 10 articles discussing about online-based interventions by nurses on students for reducing the negative effects of bullying. The range of respondents in this study is 31-2771 respondents. The method used for the online-based nursing intervention were improving students' skills, increasing social skills, and counseling. The types of media used are videos, audio, modules, and online discussions. Online interventions were effective and efficient so that they are easily accessible to participants, however, it causes difficulties for participants to access interventions due to internet network disruptions. The potential of online-based nursing interventions is effective to reduce the negative impact of bullying with give full attention in physical, psychological, spiritual, and cultural aspect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iyus Yosep
- Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
- Correspondence: Iyus Yosep, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Ir. Soekarno KM. 21, Hegarmanah, Jatinangor, Sumedang, West Java, 45363, Indonesia, Tel +62 81 394 665577, Fax +61 22 87793411, Email
| | - Rohman Hikmat
- Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
| | - Ai Mardhiyah
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
| | - Kurniawan Kurniawan
- Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
| | - Iceu Amira
- Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
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Terzioğlu ZA, Çakır-Çelebi SG, Yıldız M. Effect of online mindfulness-based physical exercise program on psychological well-being and life satisfaction during the Covid-19 pandemic. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022:1-11. [PMID: 36590010 PMCID: PMC9795430 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-04205-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a mindfulness-based physical exercise program on university students' psychological well-being and life satisfaction. In the study, a randomized control group pre-test, post-test, and follow-up test design was used. The study group consisted of 60 students (30 in an experimental group and 30 in a control group) continuing their education in different faculties of a foundation university during the Covid-19 pandemic in Turkey. A personal information questionnaire, Psychological Well-Being Scale and Life Satisfaction Scale were used to collect the study data. The Mindfulness-Based Physical Exercise Program was implemented in the experimental group, once a week for 8 sessions. The results suggested significant differences between the psychological well-being and life satisfaction post-test scores of the experimental and control groups in favor of the experimental group. In the sub-dimensions of psychological well-being, significant differences were found between the experimental and control groups in post-test scores of environmental mastery, personal growth, and purpose in life. There was no significant difference between the psychological well-being, positive relationships with others, autonomy, environmental mastery, purpose in life, and self-acceptance sub-dimensions except personal growth sub-dimensions, and life satisfaction post-test and follow-up test scores of the university students in the experimental group. In the post-test comparisons of two groups, a significant difference was found between total psychological well-being, environmental mastery, personal growth, purpose in life, and self-acceptance, in favor of the experimental group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Ayça Terzioğlu
- School of Civil Aviation, Department of Pilotage, Antalya Bilim University, Antalya, Türkiye
| | - S. Gülfem Çakır-Çelebi
- Faculty of Education, Department of Guidance and Psychological Counselling, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Türkiye
| | - Mustafa Yıldız
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Department of Recreation, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Türkiye
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Mohmand S, Monteiro S, Solomonian L. How are Medical Institutions Supporting the Well-being of Undergraduate Students? A Scoping Review. MEDICAL EDUCATION ONLINE 2022; 27:2133986. [PMID: 36268575 PMCID: PMC9590426 DOI: 10.1080/10872981.2022.2133986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Medical students experience significant stress and impacts on mood due to multiple factors. Unmitigated stress impacts both physical and mental health while increasing the risk of unethical behavior. It is important for medical institutions to identify strategies that effectively reduce perceived stress and improve the well-being of their students. METHODS The authors undertook a scoping review of the literature to identify strategies implemented by medical educational programs to improve the well-being of medical students. RESULTS Of 1068 articles identified, 19 studies met the inclusion criteria. Interventions were categorized as mindfulness-based programs, reflection groups, curriculum changes, and 'miscellaneous.' All studies assessed outcomes of student stress/resilience, as well as additional domains including academic performance, mental health, and interpersonal skills. Some also assessed the acceptability of the intervention to students. CONCLUSIONS Despite the heterogeneity of interventions and outcome measures, a clear theme emerged that institutionally-provided strategies to promote student well-being tend to be effective when students opt into the program. It was noted that adding mandatory content or activities to a medical program without creating adequate space or support for it can have the opposite effect. Further high quality intervention studies involving randomization, blinding and rigorous controls are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakila Mohmand
- Research Department, Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sasha Monteiro
- Research Department, Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Leslie Solomonian
- Research Department, Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Tabernero C, Gutiérrez-Domingo T, Steca P, Castillo-Mayén R, Cuadrado E, Rubio SJ, Farhane-Medina NZ, Luque B. Effectiveness of Mindfulness and Positive Strengthening mHealth Interventions for the Promotion of Subjective Emotional Wellbeing and Management of Self-Efficacy for Chronic Cardiac Diseases. J Pers Med 2022; 12:1953. [PMID: 36556174 PMCID: PMC9784634 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12121953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervention in health prevention and treatment via mobile phones is becoming a key element on health promotion. Testing the efficacy of these mobile health (mHealth) psychological interventions for cardiovascular health is necessary as it is a chronic pathology, and it can influence the affective and cognitive states of patients. This research aimed to analyze the effectiveness of two brief psychological interventions-mindfulness and positive strengthening-to promote subjective emotional wellbeing and disease management self-efficacy using mHealth. This was a three-arm intervention and feasibility study, with a pre-post design and three follow-up measures with 105 patients (93 completed all phases) with cardiovascular diseases. Group 1 and 2 received the mindfulness or strengthening intervention, and Group 3 was the control group. The positive-negative affect and management self-efficacy for chronic and cardiovascular diseases were analyzed over time, while anxiety and depression levels were assessed at the beginning of the study. The results showed that mindfulness and positive strengthening interventions both had a positive effect on participants' affective state and management self-efficacy for the disease in comparison with the control group over time, even after controlling for baseline anxiety and depression levels. Positive strengthening seems to be more effective for improving cardiac self-efficacy, while mindfulness practice was significantly more effective at reducing negative affect at the first face-to-face evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Tabernero
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Social Psychology, University of Salamanca, 37005 Salamanca, Spain
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Tamara Gutiérrez-Domingo
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Psychology, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Patrizia Steca
- Department of Psychology, University of Milan-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Rosario Castillo-Mayén
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Psychology, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Esther Cuadrado
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Psychology, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Sebastián J. Rubio
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Specific Didactics, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Naima Z. Farhane-Medina
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Psychology, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Bárbara Luque
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Psychology, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
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Lee ASY, Sun Y, Chung KKH. Linking University Students' Mindfulness to Positive Adjustment Amidst COVID-19 Pandemic: a 6-month Cross-Lagged Panel Design. Mindfulness (N Y) 2022; 13:3080-3090. [PMID: 36340968 PMCID: PMC9628522 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-022-02014-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Objectives In the face of a global pandemic, research on wellness-fostering resources is urgently needed, especially with longitudinal designs and diverse samples. According to the mindfulness-to-meaning theory and broaden-and-build theory, this study examined the reciprocal associations among a group of Chinese university students' trait mindfulness, positive and negative affect, and use of positive coping strategies, including positive reappraisal, planning, and seeking of emotional support during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Participants were 247 Hong Kong university students (M age = 20.96, SD = 2.38; female = 86%) who completed survey measures of mindfulness, positive and negative affect, and positive coping strategies at baseline and 6-month follow-up. Data were analysed using a cross-lagged panel design, controlling for participants' age. Results The proposed reciprocal model exhibited an excellent fit with the data. There was a reciprocal association between trait mindfulness and positive affect over time. However, no significant reciprocal effect was found among mindfulness, negative affect, and positive coping strategies. Conclusions Theoretically, the current findings extended the two theories to a non-Western population during a critical time and suggested a long-term reciprocal association between positive affect and mindfulness. Our study provided important insight into university students' positive well-being during COVID-19 and demonstrated the wellness-fostering effect of mindfulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred S. Y. Lee
- Centre for Child and Family Science, The Education University of Hong Kong, Taipo, Hong Kong
| | - Yao Sun
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD USA
| | - Kevin Kien Hoa Chung
- Centre for Child and Family Science, The Education University of Hong Kong, Taipo, Hong Kong
- Department of Early Childhood Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Taipo, Hong Kong
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Effects of the Interculturality and Mindfulness Program (PIM) on University Students: A Quasi-Experimental Study. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2022; 12:1500-1515. [PMID: 36286089 PMCID: PMC9601300 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe12100104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rates of mental health issues have been increasing among university students. This study investigates the effects of the Interculturality and Mindfulness Program (PIM) on academic students on mindfulness, emotional regulation, depression, anxiety, stress, life satisfaction, optimism, positive solitude, and loneliness. A quasi-experimental research was conducted, with pre- and post-test comparative measurements in three groups: in-person (IG), synchronous online (OG), and passive control (CG). A diverse group of students (n = 150; mean age = 25.4 ± 8.31) participated from two universities in Portugal. When compared to the CG, both active groups (IG and OG) demonstrated a beneficial interaction effect in acceptance, positive solitude, optimism, and mindfulness. The IG demonstrated a positive interaction effect in awareness and satisfaction with life, whereas the OG indicated a favorable interaction effect in impulse. When analyzing the intra-group effects, both active groups presented a significant improvement in stress, emotion regulation, mindfulness, positive solitude, and optimism. The OG demonstrated an improvement in awareness and loneliness. The main limitations of this research are that students were not randomly assigned, and groups were heterogeneous in nationality, education level, and sex. Nonetheless, PIM has indicated beneficial results in both IG and OG, and is a promising intervention for the prevention of mental health issues (e.g., stress, difficulties in emotional regulation, and loneliness), as well as for the promotion of well-being (e.g., positive solitude, mindfulness, life satisfaction, and optimism).
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Kim HK, Seo JH, Park CH. The Mediating Effect of Self-Efficacy and Coping Strategy in Relation to Job Stress and Psychological Well-Being of Home-Visiting Care Workers for Elderly during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191912164. [PMID: 36231466 PMCID: PMC9566721 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze the mediating effect of self-efficacy and coping strategy in the relationship between job stress and the psychological well-being of care workers. The subjects were 112 home-visiting care workers, and data were collected at four home-visiting nursing centers in a metropolitan city and a small and medium-sized city from July to August 2022. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation co-efficient, multiple linear regression, and Sobel test. The mean score of psychological well-being was 3.33 ± 0.46 out of a possible 5. The subject's psychological well-being was correlated with self-efficacy (r = 0.64, p < 0.001), problem-solving-focused coping (r = 0.58, p < 0.001), social-support-seeking coping (r = 0.34, p < 0.001), job stress (r = -0.31, p = 0.001), avoidance-focused coping (r = -0.37, p < 0.001). Self-efficacy (Z = -4.92, p < 0.001), problem-solving-focused coping (Z = -2.56, p = 0.010), and avoidance-focused coping (Z = -3.07, p = 0.002) had a mediating effect in the relationship between job stress and psychological well-being of the subjects during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on these results, the psychological well-being nursing intervention program for home-visiting care workers need to include job stress, problem-solving-focused coping, and avoidance-focused coping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Kyung Kim
- Department of Nursing, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyo Seo
- Department of Nursing, Graduate School, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Korea
| | - Cheol-Hee Park
- Department of Nursing, Graduate School, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Korea
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Yousefi Afrashteh M, Hasani F. Mindfulness and psychological well-being in adolescents: the mediating role of self-compassion, emotional dysregulation and cognitive flexibility. Borderline Personal Disord Emot Dysregul 2022; 9:22. [PMID: 36059027 PMCID: PMC9441221 DOI: 10.1186/s40479-022-00192-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adolescence is a critical period of growth. Mental health during adolescence is one of the most important determinants of mental health in adulthood. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between mindfulness and psychological well-being of adolescents considering the mediating role of self-compassion, emotional dysregulation and cognitive flexibility. METHODS The method of this research is cross-sectional. The research population was adolescents (elementary, first and second high school) in Zanjan, Iran in 2021, whose approximate number was 14,000. Data through adolescent mindfulness questionnaires (Brown, West, Loverich, and Biegel, 2011), short form of psychological well-being questionnaire (Ryff and Keyes, 1995), short form of self-compassion scale (Raes et al., 2011), difficulty in Emotion regulation (Gratz and Roemer, 2004) and cognitive flexibility (Dennis and Vander Wal, 2010) were collected. Data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation coefficient and path analysis with SPSS-26 and lisrel-10.2 software. RESULTS According the results, in addition to the fact that mindfulness is directly and positively related to psychological well-being (p < 0.05), it is also indirectly through self-compassion and Cognitive flexibility has a positive and significant relationship with psychological well-being and also mindfulness has an indirect, negative and significant relationship with psychological well-being through emotional dysregulation (p < 0.05). The results supported the goodness of model fit and confirmation of hypotheses. CONCLUSION Therefore, it is recommended that practitioners provide the basis for promoting psychological well-being through mindfulness, emotional dysregulation, self-compassion and cognitive flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fereshteh Hasani
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
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Seeing attractive faces challenges inhibitory control, especially when mindful. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273913. [PMID: 36048784 PMCID: PMC9436117 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested positive effects of mindfulness on inhibitory control (stopping behaviour). However, scarce previous studies suggest the relationship may depend on context. We provide first evidence that inhibitory control is challenged when perceiving attractive faces, especially when being mindful. Specifically, we investigated the relationship between mindfulness and inhibitory control and the moderating role of a social reward context (being exposed to attractive opposite sex faces). Participants (n = 50) between 18–43 years old (M = 25, SD = 5.4) filled out questionnaires assessing standard demographic variables and dispositional mindfulness. Subsequently, they performed a Go/No-go task with a neutral condition and attractive faces condition. Results showed that inhibitory control was challenged in the attractive condition relative to the neutral condition, p = 0.019. Dispositional mindfulness was negatively correlated with inhibitory performance, but only in the attractive faces condition (r = -0.32, p = 0.024). Results did not support a moderating role of gender. Finally, though post-hoc, higher mindfulness was associated with reduced perceived attractiveness of presented faces (r = -0.33, p = 0.019). However, the relationship between mindfulness and reduced inhibitory control could not be explained by mindfulness associated reduced attractiveness. Taken together, results show that mindfulness challenges inhibitory control when perceiving attractive faces. This implies that mindfulness interventions aimed at enhancing inhibitory control, may not render the desired effect in a context of being exposed to attractive faces. Though certainly plausible, it remains an open question whether results generalize to other reward contexts as well.
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Hooker AR, Sagui-Henson SJ, Daubenmier J, Moran PJ, Hartogensis W, Acree M, Kristeller J, Epel ES, Mason AE, Hecht FM. Effects of a Mindfulness-Based Weight Loss Intervention on Long-Term Psychological Well-Being Among Adults with Obesity: Secondary Analyses from the Supporting Health by Integrating Nutrition and Exercise (SHINE) Trial. Mindfulness (N Y) 2022; 13:2227-2242. [PMID: 36425257 PMCID: PMC9681158 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-022-01951-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study tested whether a mindfulness-based intervention for obesity that included components aimed at emotion regulation and mindful eating improved psychological outcomes including stress, anxiety, positive emotion, and depression, during the intervention period and at longer-term follow-up. Methods Adults with obesity (N=194) were randomized to a 5.5-month diet-exercise weight loss intervention with or without mindfulness training focused on emotion regulation and mindful eating. Participants completed self-report measures of mindfulness and psychological well-being, which were planned secondary outcomes, at baseline, mid-intervention (3 months), and at 6-, 12-, and 18-months post-baseline (maintenance period). Mixed effects models and linear regression were used to test between- and within-group changes in psychological well-being. Finally, this study explored whether changes in mindfulness (from baseline to each 6- and 18-months post-baseline) mediated the effects of intervention arm on changes in psychological outcomes during those respective time periods. This study explored whether changes in mindfulness from baseline to 6 months mediated the effects of intervention arm on changes in psychological outcomes from baseline to 18 months. Results Participants randomized to the mindfulness arm had significant increases in positive emotions at all follow-up times compared to controls. There were statistically significant increases in mindfulness, psychological flexibility, and reflection, as well as decreases in anxiety and depressive symptoms at 12 months compared to control participants. These changes remained significant for psychological flexibility and reflection at 18 months. There were no significant differences in perceived stress. Among mindfulness participants, greater increases in mindfulness from 6-18 months was associated with greater positive emotions and psychological flexibility as well as lower perceived stress, anxiety, depressive symptoms, and rumination at 18 months, adjusting for 6-month values. Mediation analyses indicated that randomization to the mindfulness intervention arm was associated with 6-month increases in mindfulness, and these increases were in turn associated with improved psychological outcomes at 6 months and 18 months. Changes from baseline to 18 months did not mediate 18-month changes in psychological outcomes. Conclusions Mindfulness training in emotion regulation and mindful eating may provide greater longer-term psychological well-being benefits in non-clinical populations with obesity compared to conventional diet-exercise interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Michael Acree
- UCSF, Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, San Francisco, CA
| | - Jean Kristeller
- Indiana State University, Dept of Psychology, Terre Haute, IN
| | - Elissa S. Epel
- UCSF Dept of Psychiatry, Center for Health and Community, San Francisco, CA
| | - Ashley E. Mason
- UCSF, Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, San Francisco, CA
- UCSF Dept of Psychiatry, Center for Health and Community, San Francisco, CA
| | - Frederick M. Hecht
- UCSF, Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, San Francisco, CA
- UCSF, Dept of Medicine, San Francisco, CA
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Mindful Lawyering: a Pilot Study on Mindfulness Training for Law Students. Mindfulness (N Y) 2022; 13:2347-2356. [PMID: 36000093 PMCID: PMC9388961 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-022-01965-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Many US law schools are now offering elective courses in mindfulness training to alleviate disproportionately high levels of anxiety, depression, stress, and disordered alcohol use among law students. To date, empirical evidence on the effectiveness of these courses has been lacking. The aim of this pilot study was to explore the feasibility and impact of a 13‐week mindfulness course, “Mindful Lawyering,” specifically tailored to law students. The primary hypothesis was that mindfulness training would be significantly correlated with improvements in well-being and mindfulness. Methods The design was a non-randomized, quasi-experimental study involving 64 law students. The mindfulness group was 31 students taking Mindful Lawyering; the comparison group was 33 students taking other law school courses. Outcome measures were the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale; the Positive and Negative Affect Scale; the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test; and the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire. Results Results provide promising evidence to support the hypothesis. The mindfulness group showed significantly greater improvement on measures of stress (p < .001, d = 1.15), anxiety (p < .001, d = . 90), depression (p = .012, d = .66), negative affect (p = .002, d = .81), disordered alcohol use (p = .011, d = .67), and mindfulness (p < .001, d = 1.32) from pre to post relative to the comparison group. The course was well accepted and feasible for law students. Conclusions Findings from the current study suggest that mindfulness training may occasion improvements in the well-being of law students. More research is needed to replicate these findings in larger, randomized samples of law students. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12671-022-01965-w.
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Repo S, Elovainio M, Pyörälä E, Iriarte-Lüttjohann M, Tuominen T, Härkönen T, Gluschkoff K, Paunio T. Comparison of two different mindfulness interventions among health care students in Finland: a randomised controlled trial. ADVANCES IN HEALTH SCIENCES EDUCATION : THEORY AND PRACTICE 2022; 27:709-734. [PMID: 35503145 PMCID: PMC9063251 DOI: 10.1007/s10459-022-10116-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the short- and long-term effects of two different evidence-based mindfulness training on students' stress and well-being. A randomised controlled trial with three measurement points (baseline, post-intervention, and 4 months post-intervention) was conducted among undergraduate students of medicine, dentistry, psychology, and logopaedics at the University of Helsinki. The participants were randomly assigned into three groups: (1) face-to-face mindfulness training based on the Mindfulness Skills for Students course (n = 40), (2) a web-based Student Compass program using Mindfulness and Acceptance and Commitment therapy (n = 22), and (3) a control group that received mental health support as usual (n = 40). The primary outcome was psychological distress measured using the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation Outcome Measure (CORE-OM). Secondary outcomes included hair cortisol concentrations and a wide range of well-being indicators. Psychological distress increased in all the groups from baseline to post-intervention, but significantly less so in the intervention groups than in the control group. At 4-month follow-up, were found no differences between the primary outcomes of the control and intervention groups, but the participants who continued practising mindfulness at least twice a week were less stressed than the others. Our results suggest that participating in a mindfulness course may mitigate health care students' psychological distress during the academic year, but only if the participants continue practising mindfulness at least twice a week.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saara Repo
- Centre for University Teaching and Learning, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 21, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Marko Elovainio
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eeva Pyörälä
- Centre for University Teaching and Learning, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 21, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Tiina Härkönen
- Research Services, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kia Gluschkoff
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Paunio
- Department of Psychiatry and SleepWell Research Program, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Kütük H, Hatun O, Ekşi H, Ekşi F. Investigation of the Relationships Between Mindfulness, Wisdom, Resilience and Life Satisfaction in Turkish Adult Population. JOURNAL OF RATIONAL-EMOTIVE AND COGNITIVE-BEHAVIOR THERAPY 2022; 41:1-16. [PMID: 35909985 PMCID: PMC9310372 DOI: 10.1007/s10942-022-00468-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
There are many factors that are thought to affect life satisfaction. One of these factors is mindfulness. In addition, it has been observed that resilience and wisdom are associated with both mindfulness and life satisfaction. This study aims to examine the associations between mindfulness, resilience, wisdom, and life satisfaction. Participants consist of 1158 Turkish young adults (79.9% females) between the ages of 18 and 58 (Mage = 21.28, SD = 5.31). Mindfulness Scale, Brief Resilience Scale, San Diego Wisdom Scale, and Life Satisfaction Scale were used as the data collection tools. Structural Equation Modelling and Bootstrapping method were used to examine the role of resilience and wisdom in the relationship between mindfulness and life satisfaction. The results of the structural equation analysis showed that resilience and wisdom had a significant mediating role in the relationship between mindfulness and life satisfaction, and that the role of wisdom was stronger than resilience. The results of the bootstrapping analysis showed that the indirect effects of mindfulness on life satisfaction are significant. We conclude that mindfulness, accompanied by wisdom and resilience, can lead to an increase in life satisfaction. Theoretical and practical implications and limitations were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Kütük
- Vocational School of Health Services, T.C. Istanbul Gelisim University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Osman Hatun
- Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Sinop University, Sinop, Turkey
| | - Halil Ekşi
- Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Füsun Ekşi
- Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Nguyen-Phuoc DQ, Oviedo-Trespalacios O, Nguyen MH, Dinh MTT, Su DN. Intentions to use ride-sourcing services in Vietnam: What happens after three months without COVID-19 infections? CITIES (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 126:103691. [PMID: 35399199 PMCID: PMC8979776 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2022.103691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has brought new risks and stress for paid transport users worldwide. COVID-19 has changed mobility dynamics worldwide, including low- and middle-income countries (e.g., Vietnam). The present study aims to provide an in-depth understanding of ride-sourcing passengers' behavioural intentions when COVID-19 pandemic management successfully prevented community transmission by extending the TPB with two constructs: perceived virus infection risk and problem-focused coping. Using self-administered questionnaires, data were collected from ride-sourcing customers in Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam). A total of 540 responses were used for validating the proposed theorethical model. The structural equation model results indicate that problem-focused coping is a multi-faceted construct with two dimensions: problem-solving and self-protection. Also, problem-focused coping has the highest total effect on the intention to use ride-sourcing services following a period of COVID-19 suppression (3 months without identified cases). The findings also reveal that attitude partially mediates the link between problem-focused coping and behavioural intention. The results of this study could be used to develop strategies to promote ride-sourcing services in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duy Quy Nguyen-Phuoc
- Faculty of Road and Bridge Engineering, The University of Danang - University of Science and Technology, 54 Nguyen Luong Bang Street, Danang City, Viet Nam
| | - Oscar Oviedo-Trespalacios
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety - Queensland (CARRS-Q), Faculty of Health, 130 Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Science and Engineering Faculty, 2 George St., S Block, Room 701, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Minh Hieu Nguyen
- Faculty of Transport - Economics, University of Transport and Communications, No. 3 Cau Giay Street, Dong Da District, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - My Thanh Tran Dinh
- Faculty of International Business, The University of Danang - University of Economics, 71 Ngu Hanh Son, Danang City, Viet Nam
| | - Diep Ngoc Su
- The University of Danang - Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 41 Le Duan, Danang City, Viet Nam
- Faculty of Tourism, The University of Danang - University of Economics, 71 Ngu Hanh Son, Danang City, Viet Nam
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Perilli E, Perazzini M, Bontempo D, Ranieri F, Di Giacomo D, Crosti C, Marcotullio S, Cobianchi S. Reduced Anxiety Associated to Adaptive and Mindful Coping Strategies in General Practitioners Compared With Hospital Nurses in Response to COVID-19 Pandemic Primary Care Reorganization. Front Psychol 2022; 13:891470. [PMID: 35756239 PMCID: PMC9218856 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.891470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic imposed psychosocial stress increasing in frontline healthcare workers, who managed by responding with different coping strategies. General practitioners were targeted by an extraordinary increase in the demand for reception, diagnosis and treatment from all patients even if working in solo. In Italy, the emergency changed risk assumption and roles in between primary care, unraveling the emotional distress of general practitioners, who suffered not only for isolation, but also emotional threatens. In this correlational study we wanted to evaluate trait anxiety and stress as perceived by general practitioners working in individual ambulatory practice room, and by hospital ward nurses working in group, during a chronic phase (February-May 2021) of COVID-19 pandemic. Our hypothesis is that a different work social organization in clinic contest as for general practitioners compared with nurses could induce adaptive or non-adaptive coping to stress under emergency and mindful attitude could be crucial. A number of 37 general practitioners, and 36 nurses were taken from the sanitary district of ASL1 Avezzano-Sulmona-L'Aquila in Italy. For our analyses we used the Health Professions Stress and Coping Scale to assess the risk of burn-out, and detect the coping strategies. We also used the Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale-Revised, investigating whether clinicians used an eventual mindful attitude to prevent anxiety and responding with adaptive coping strategies. General practitioners reported high levels of anxiety, associated to an increased use of emotional distress. Mindful attitude was protective for anxiety in both general practitioners and nurses. As anxiety increased, it was coped by increasing the demand for social support. This coping strategy correlated with emotional distress and when enhanced, it corresponded to avoidance of the problem. Mindful attitude addressed general practitioners to adaptive coping strategies as the solution of the problem. On the other side, nurses accepted the problem but addressed it to others, by avoiding solving it themselves as beyond their role and organizational responsibility. In conclusion, mindful attitude can prevent dysfunctional reactive behaviors among clinicians at the forefront of emergency and reduce emotional distress for isolation as suffered by general practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Perilli
- Public Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Matteo Perazzini
- Public Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Danilo Bontempo
- Public Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Ranieri
- Public Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Dina Di Giacomo
- Public Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Cristina Crosti
- Ospedale Regionale San Salvatore dell'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Simona Marcotullio
- Public Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Stefano Cobianchi
- Public Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.,Atanor Institute of Psychotherapy, L'Aquila, Italy
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Nutting R, Ofei-Dodoo S, Rose-Borcherding K, Strella G. Brief Mindfulness Intervention for Emotional Distress, Resilience, and Compassion in Family Physicians During COVID-19: A Pilot Study. PRIMER (LEAWOOD, KAN.) 2022; 6:3. [PMID: 35481235 DOI: 10.22454/primer.2022.746202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objective There are high rates of professional burnout among family physicians and trainees. We undertook this study to investigate whether a brief mindfulness intervention could help manage burnout and improve well-being among family physicians in a residency program. Methods A total of 21 family physicians participated in a brief, 8-week mindfulness program. We used a single-sample, pre/post design at a Midwestern family medicine residency program. At two points in time (baseline and postintervention), participants completed an online survey measuring burnout, depression, anxiety, stress, perceived resilience, and compassion. We used linear mixed models to estimate the effect of the intervention on the outcome measures. Results Participants had improvements after the 8-week intervention. At postintervention, they had significantly better scores on anxiety (P<.004), stress (P<.001), perceived resilience (P<.001), and compassion (P<.001). There were no significant changes on the personal accomplishment, emotional exhaustion, and depersonalization subscales of either the abbreviated Maslach Burnout Inventory or the depression subscale of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21. Conclusion This brief mindfulness program was associated with significant reduction in the scores of anxiety and stress as well as significant improvement in perceived resilience and compassion scores. Brief mindfulness interventions may be a convenient and effective approach to support and improve health and well-being among family physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Nutting
- University of Kansas School of Medicine-Wichita, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Wichita, KS
| | - Samuel Ofei-Dodoo
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine-Wichita, Wichita, KS
| | - Katherine Rose-Borcherding
- University of Kansas School of Medicine-Wichita, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Wichita, KS
| | - Grace Strella
- University of Kansas School of Medicine-Wichita, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Wichita, KS
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Prentice S, Benson J, Dorstyn D, Elliott T. Promoting Wellbeing among Family Medicine Trainees: A Hermeneutic Review of Intervention Mechanisms of Change and their Delivery Methods. TEACHING AND LEARNING IN MEDICINE 2022:1-12. [PMID: 35465799 DOI: 10.1080/10401334.2022.2048833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
PHENOMENON Efforts to promote wellbeing and reduce burnout amongst postgraduate medical trainees have been hampered by little consideration of interventions' underlying mechanisms, as well as how interventions are delivered. The critical role of trainee specialty has also been overlooked, despite the unique personal and work-based stressors faced among subgroups - such as those completing Family Medicine/General Practice. A consolidation of intervention research can help to guide the design, implementation and evaluation of future targeted programs and potentially enhance their effectiveness. The present hermeneutic literature review addresses this gap. APPROACH The Embase, Ovid Medline, and Ovid PsycINFO databases were searched for articles exploring wellbeing and related concepts of burnout and stress amongst Family Medicine/General Practice trainees. Thirty-one studies were identified through seven iterative rounds, with articles that offered novel insights and/or addressed knowledge gaps identified in each round and analyzed, followed by refinement of the overarching coding structure. Thematic analysis was conducted by two researchers. FINDINGS Proposed and enacted wellbeing interventions typically involved a combination of individualistic (e.g., self-awareness), organizational (e.g., increasing policy flexibility), and cultural (e.g., leadership) strategies. Change mechanisms were interpersonal (e.g., comradery) and, to a greater extent, intrapersonal (e.g., normalizing and accepting feelings of insecurity). Key delivery methods included the need to ingrain trainee wellness into daily work life and the importance of contextualizing interventions to increase their relevance, acceptance, and effectiveness. INSIGHTS The present review identifies and consolidates key mechanisms of change intrinsic to wellbeing-promotion interventions, alongside delivery methods. These findings provide guidance for practice and research to identify these attributes of interventions in the design and evaluation stages. This, in turn, will enhance the clarity of what is being evaluated, facilitating more informed comparisons between evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun Prentice
- School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jill Benson
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- GPEx Ltd, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Diana Dorstyn
- School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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The Mediating Role of Mindfulness in the relationship between emotional distress tolerance and coping Styles in Turkish University students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COUNSELLING 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10447-022-09469-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Beaulieu DA, Proctor CJ, Gaudet DJ, Canales D, Best LA. What is the mindful personality? Implications for physical and psychological health. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2022; 224:103514. [PMID: 35121346 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2022.103514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the paucity of research examining relationships between mindfulness and specific facets of personality, we conducted detailed analyses to explore associations between personality facets, dispositional mindfulness, and health. Overall, 781 participants completed the Five Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), the Big Five Inventory-2 (BFI-2) to measure personality factors and facets, and the RAND 36-Item Health Survey 1.0 (RAND-36). As expected, BFI-2 factors and facets and FFMQ subscales, except Observing, were consistently correlated. Canonical correlations of BFI-2 facets and FFMQ subscales provided two statistically significant functions. Function 1, Self-Regulation, included FFMQ Acting with Awareness, Non-Judging, and Non-Reacting, as well as BFI-2 Negative Emotionality (Anxiety, Depression, Emotional Volatility), Conscientiousness (Productiveness, Responsibility), and Extraversion (Assertiveness, Energy). Function 2, Self-Awareness, comprised of FFMQ Describing and Observing, and all facets of Open-Mindedness. A latent profile analysis produced three latent profiles: Self-Regulation was defined by higher FFMQ subscales as well as higher Extraversion (all facets), Agreeableness (all facets), Conscientiousness (all facets), and lower Negative Emotionality (all facets); Self-Dysregulation was defined by lower scores on most FFMQ subscales, BFI-2 Extraversion facet scores, Agreeableness (Trust), Conscientiousness (Productiveness), and higher Negative Emotionality facets; and, an Average profile included midrange levels of mindfulness and personality facets. Further, there were statistically significant differences in RAND-36 physical and psychological health based on the latent profiles. The novel findings examining the facet-level relationship between personality and mindfulness contribute to prior inconclusive literature. These results presenting a nuanced understanding of the association between dispositional mindfulness and personality provide preliminary information suggesting that self-regulation can affect health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Derek J Gaudet
- Department of Psychology, University of New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Donaldo Canales
- Department of Psychology, University of New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Lisa A Best
- Department of Psychology, University of New Brunswick, Canada.
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Flickinger TE, Kon RH, Jacobsen B, Schorling J, May N, Harrison M, Plews-Ogan M. "Flourish in the Clerkship Year": a Curriculum to Promote Wellbeing in Medical Students. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDUCATOR 2022; 32:315-320. [PMID: 35528301 PMCID: PMC9054975 DOI: 10.1007/s40670-022-01522-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The stresses of medical training can lead to burnout and other adverse outcomes. The Flourish curriculum was designed to mitigate negative effects of stress among clerkship students through debriefing and skills-building activities that foster practical wisdom: mindfulness, appreciative practice, story-telling/listening, and reflection. Students rated the curriculum highly, felt it addressed common concerns about clerkships, and were able to apply techniques from the curriculum to their clinical work. This framework can help students process their experiences and benefit from peer support, mentorship, and reflection. Fostering medical students' wisdom capacities for reflection and compassion may be protective against burnout during their training. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40670-022-01522-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabor E. Flickinger
- Division of General, Geriatric, Palliative & Hospital Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, P.O. Box 800744, VA 22908 Charlottesville, USA
| | - Rachel H. Kon
- Division of General, Geriatric, Palliative & Hospital Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, P.O. Box 800744, VA 22908 Charlottesville, USA
| | - Beck Jacobsen
- University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA USA
| | - John Schorling
- Division of General, Geriatric, Palliative & Hospital Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, P.O. Box 800744, VA 22908 Charlottesville, USA
| | - Natalie May
- University of Virginia School of Nursing, Charlottesville, VA USA
| | - Madaline Harrison
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA USA
| | - Margaret Plews-Ogan
- Division of General, Geriatric, Palliative & Hospital Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, P.O. Box 800744, VA 22908 Charlottesville, USA
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Chiodelli R, Mello LTND, Jesus SND, Beneton ER, Russel T, Andretta I. Mindfulness-based interventions in undergraduate students: a systematic review. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022; 70:791-800. [PMID: 32432974 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1767109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ObjectiveTo describe how mindfulness-based intervention (MBIs) are held with undergraduate students, systematize the outcomes of these interventions and indicate possible limitations. Method: Systematic searches were performed in seven databases in January 2019 with the following descriptors: ("mindfulness intervention" AND ("undergraduate" OR "college" OR "students"). Results: A total of 510 articles were found, and 19 articles fully met the inclusion criteria. The searches showed a visible growth in this field of research as articles publications increased in the past years. Regardless of intervention's length, most studies reported beneficial effects. The examination of Anxiety, Stress, and Depression constructs have shown to be predominant. Even though study designs were mostly randomized controlled trials (RCT), it was noticed a shortage use of physiological measures and follow-up assessments. Conclusions: Nonetheless, MBIs have shown to be promising interventions to promote mental health in academic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Chiodelli
- Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | | | - Saúl Neves de Jesus
- Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Emanueli Ribeiro Beneton
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, São Leopoldo, Brazil
| | - Tamara Russel
- Institute of Psychiatry, Neuroimaging Division, London, UK
| | - Ilana Andretta
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, São Leopoldo, Brazil
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van Dijk I, van Beek MHCT, Arts-de Jong M, Lucassen PLBJ, van Weel C, Speckens AEM. Experiences of Clinical Clerkship Students With Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction: A Qualitative Study on Long-Term Effects. Front Psychol 2022; 13:785090. [PMID: 35432124 PMCID: PMC9009088 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.785090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To explore the mindfulness practice, its long-term effects, facilitators and barriers, in clinical clerkship students 2 years after participation in an 8-week mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) training. Method A qualitative study was performed by semi-structured in-depth interviews with 16 clinical clerkship students selected by purposive sampling. Students had participated in a MBSR training 2 years before and were asked about their current mindfulness practice, and the long-term effects of the MBSR training. Thematic analysis was conducted using the constant comparison method. Data saturation was reached after 16 interviews. Results Most interviewees were still engaged in regular, predominantly informal, mindfulness practice, although some discontinued mindfulness practice and reported an “unchanged lifestyle.” Three main themes came forward; (1) “focused attention and open awareness” during daily activities as core elements of long-term mindfulness practice; (2) “changes in behavior and coping” that resulted from taking a pause, reflecting, recognizing automatic behavioral patterns and making space for a conscious response; (3) “integration in personal and professional life” by enhanced enjoyment of daily activities, improved work-life-balance and making different career choices. Barriers and facilitators in starting and maintaining mindfulness practice were (1) understanding and intention as “pre-conditions”; (2) practical, personal, and professional factors of students in maintaining practice. Conclusion Two years after participation in a MBSR training, many interviewees were still engaged in (mostly informal) mindfulness practice contributing to both personal and professional changes. In light of the high clerkship demands, MBSR training could be a valuable addition to medical curricula, supporting medical students in developing necessary competencies to become well-balanced professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge van Dijk
- Radboudumc Center of Mindfulness, Department of Psychiatry, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - Marieke Arts-de Jong
- Radboudumc Center of Mindfulness, Department of Psychiatry, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Marieke Arts-de Jong,
| | - Peter L. B. J. Lucassen
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Research Institute of Health Services, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Chris van Weel
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Research Institute of Health Services, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Anne E. M. Speckens
- Radboudumc Center of Mindfulness, Department of Psychiatry, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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Coping with the crisis: A mindfulness manipulation positively affects the emotional regulation of action crises. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2022. [DOI: 10.32872/spb.7225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Action crises are the intrapsychic conflicts people face when hesitating between continuing and giving up on a goal after the accumulation of setbacks. They are detrimental to goal achievement and psychological health. While many predictors of action crises have been identified, including dispositional mindfulness, almost none have been investigated in terms of their helpfulness during an action crisis. This experimental laboratory study tested whether a 15-minute mindfulness meditation influenced the emotional regulation of imagined action crises. Participants (N = 121, 105 students, 44 men, M = 28.26 years) were randomly assigned to meditate with a body scan meditation recording or to read magazines after identifying their most important current personal goal. Those in the body scan condition reported more adaptive emotion regulation strategies after reading an action crisis scenario personalized with their goal than those in the control, magazine-reading, condition. This effect was found even when controlling for baseline action crisis and baseline autonomous and controlled motivation. No difference between the groups was found in terms of maladaptive emotion regulation. Results suggest that mindfulness training is a promising tool to help people cope with goal-related difficulties such as action crises.
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Moreira MF, Gamboa OL, Pinho Oliveira MA. A Single-blind, randomized, pilot study of a brief Mindfulness-Based Intervention for the endometriosis-related pain management. Eur J Pain 2022; 26:1147-1162. [PMID: 35276031 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women with endometriosis suffer from frequent symptoms despite multiple treatments in tertiary care. Although there is a need for a biopsychosocial perspective on endometriosis treatment, few conservative treatments have been investigated. We aimed to investigate the effects of a brief Mindfulness-Based Intervention (bMBI) in women with deep endometriosis who remain symptomatic despite undergoing conventional medical treatment. METHODS A randomized controlled trial was performed with 2 groups: a standard medical treatment plus bMBI program and only standard medical treatment as a control. A total of 63 eligible participants were randomized to bMBI and control group. The primary outcome was endometriosis-related pain, and secondary outcomes were quality of life and stress perception posttreatment. Analyses were carried out using multiple regression models. RESULTS The results show that bMBI significantly improved pain unpleasantness (Cohen's f2 = 0.67, NNT = 3.2), pelvic pain (Cohen's f2 = 0.16, NNT = 5.3), and dyschezia (Cohen's f2 = 0.23, NNT = 2.9) immediately posttreatment and decreased all endometriosis-related pain (Cohen's f2 ranging from 0.20 to 0.60 and NNT ranging from 5 to -9) after the follow-up. We found an extensive positive effect of bMBI on the mental health dimension in the two time-point measures (Cohen's f2 = 0.34 and 0.25, NNT = 3.5 and 2.3) and vitality (Cohen's f2 = 0.22, NNT = 2.1) after the follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that bMBI is useful for managing endometriosis-related pain and restoring women's psychological well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo França Moreira
- State University of Rio de Janeiro, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Avenida Boulevard 28 de Setembro, 77, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Olga Lucia Gamboa
- EQness.,School of Psychology, A19 - Griffith Taylor Building, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Marco Aurelio Pinho Oliveira
- Department of Gynecology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Boulevard 28 de Setembro, 77, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20551-030, Brazil
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Toubasi AA, Khraisat BR, AbuAnzeh RB, Kalbouneh HM. A cross sectional study: The association between sleeping quality and stress among second and third medical students at the University of Jordan. Int J Psychiatry Med 2022; 57:134-152. [PMID: 33870751 DOI: 10.1177/00912174211011287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Medicine is considered one if not the most stressful educational field. Thus, the aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of stress and poor sleeping quality among medical students and the association between them. METHOD This cross-sectional study was conducted at the University of Jordan on second- and third-year medical students. The questionnaire consisted of: 1) Demographics; 2) The assessment tools which were Pittsburgh Quality of Sleep Index (PSQI) and Kessler Psychological Distress Status (K10). Binary logistic regression, chi-square and linear regression were used to investigate the association between PSQI, K10, and their determinants. RESULTS The mean for PSQI score was 6.76 ± 3.32. PSQI scores interpretation revealed that 61.7% of the 282 participants of this study were poor sleepers. Logistic regression results showed that only the category of not napping at all from the napping hours variable was significantly associated with sleeping quality. Furthermore, the mean of K10 scores was 24.5 ± 8.5. K10 scores revealed that 66.3% of the participants were stressed. Logistic regression results showed that gender and regular exercise were significantly associated with psychological distress. Additionally, chi-square test, logistic regression and linear regression showed that PSQI was significantly associated with K10 (P <0.01). CONCLUSIONS Stress and poor sleeping quality in medical students at the University of Jordan were highly prevalent and strongly associated. What determined PSQI was daytime napping, and for K10 were regular exercise and gender. Further investigations into stress and sleep quality in the Arabian region are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Toubasi
- Faculty of Medicine, the University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - B R Khraisat
- Faculty of Medicine, the University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - R B AbuAnzeh
- Faculty of Medicine, the University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - H M Kalbouneh
- Faculty of Medicine, the University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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