1
|
Faustino-Magalhaes MD, Piacentini LN, Santos AJ. The desert wolf-spider genus Xenoctenus: two endemic species from the Brazilian Caatinga, and a redescription of the type-species, X. unguiculatus (Araneae: Xenoctenidae). Zootaxa 2024; 5399:517-539. [PMID: 38480122 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5399.5.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
The Caatinga is a nucleus of seasonally dry tropical forest (SDTF) known as a hotspot of diversification and endemism. Despite its importance, this biome is still insufficiently sampled, resulting in extensive knowledge gaps regarding its species richness and composition. In this study we report two species of Xenoctenidae that are endemic to, and widely distributed in the Caatinga. We redescribe and illustrate Odo vittatus (Mello-Leito, 1936), the only xenoctenid species previously known from the Caatinga. We transfer this species to Xenoctenus Mello-Leito,1938, a genus currently known from six species restricted to Argentina, Bolivia, and Colombia. We also newly describe the male of Xenoctenus vittatus comb. nov. and provide new records of this species, which was hitherto known only from the type-locality, throughout the Caatinga and nearby semiarid vegetation formations. We also describe and illustrate a new species, Xenoctenus kaatinga sp. nov., based on males and female specimens collected throughout the Caatinga. Additionally, we propose diagnostic characters for Xenoctenus and redescribe the type-species, X. unguiculatus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayara D Faustino-Magalhaes
- Ps-graduao em Zoologia; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais.; Departamento de Zoologia; Instituto de Cincias Biolgicas; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Brazil; CEP 31270-901..
| | - Luis N Piacentini
- Divisin de Aracnolog Museo Argentino de Ciencias NaturalesBernardino Rivadavia; Av. Angel Gallardo 470; C1405DJR Buenos Aires; Argentina.
| | - Adalberto J Santos
- Ps-graduao em Zoologia; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Departamento de Zoologia; Instituto de Cincias Biolgicas; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Brazil; CEP 31270-901..
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yule TS, de Oliveira Arruda RDC, Santos MG. Drought-adapted leaves are produced even when more water is available in dry tropical forest. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2024; 137:49-64. [PMID: 37962735 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-023-01505-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Species in dry environments may adjust their anatomical and physiological behaviors by adopting safer or more efficient strategies. Thus, species distributed across a water availability gradient may possess different phenotypes depending on the specific environmental conditions to which they are subjected. Leaf and vascular tissues are plastic and may vary strongly in response to environmental changes affecting an individual's survival and species distribution. To identify whether and how legumes leaves vary across a water availability gradient in a seasonally dry tropical forest, we quantified leaf construction costs and performed an anatomical study on the leaves of seven legume species. We evaluated seven species, which were divided into three categories of rainfall preference: wet species, which are more abundant in wetter areas; indifferent species, which are more abundant and occur indistinctly under both rainfall conditions; and dry species, which are more abundant in dryer areas. We observed two different patterns based on rainfall preference categories. Contrary to our expectations, wet and indifferent species changed traits in the sense of security when occupying lower rainfall areas, whereas dry species changed some traits when more water was available, such as increasing cuticle and spongy parenchyma thickness, or producing smaller and more numerous stomata. Trischidium molle, the most plastic and wet species, exhibited a similar strategy to the dry species. Our results corroborate the risks to vegetation under future climate change scenarios as stressed species and populations may not endure even more severe conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamires Soares Yule
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Anatomia Vegetal, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
- Instituto de Biociências, Laboratório de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Costa e Silva, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79070-900, Brazil.
| | - Rosani do Carmo de Oliveira Arruda
- Laboratório de Anatomia Vegetal, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mauro Guida Santos
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Muniz AC, de Oliveira Buzatti RS, de Lemos-Filho JP, Heuertz M, Nazareno AG, Lovato MB. Genomic signatures of ecological divergence between savanna and forest populations of a Neotropical tree. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 132:523-540. [PMID: 37642427 PMCID: PMC10667007 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In eastern Neotropical South America, the Cerrado, a large savanna vegetation, and the Atlantic Forest harbour high biodiversity levels, and their habitats are rather different from each other. The biomes have intrinsic evolutionary relationships, with high lineage exchange that can be attributed, in part, to a large contact zone between them. The genomic study of ecotypes, i.e. populations adapted to divergent habitats, can be a model to study the genomic signatures of ecological divergence. Here, we investigated two ecotypes of the tree Plathymenia reticulata, one from the Cerrado and the other from the Atlantic Forest, which have a hybrid zone in the ecotonal zone of Atlantic Forest-Cerrado. METHODS The ecotypes were sampled in the two biomes and their ecotone. The evolutionary history of the divergence of the species was analysed with double-digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing. The genetic structure and the genotypic composition of the hybrid zone were determined. Genotype-association analyses were performed, and the loci under putative selection and their functions were investigated. KEY RESULTS High divergence between the two ecotypes was found, and only early-generation hybrids were found in the hybrid zone, suggesting a partial reproductive barrier. Ancient introgression between the Cerrado and Atlantic Forest was not detected. The soil and climate were associated with genetic divergence in Plathymenia ecotypes and outlier loci were found to be associated with the stress response, with stomatal and root development and with reproduction. CONCLUSIONS The high genomic, ecological and morphophysiological divergence between ecotypes, coupled with partial reproductive isolation, indicate that the ecotypes represent two species and should be managed as different evolutionary lineages. We advise that the forest species should be re-evaluated and restated as vulnerable. Our results provide insights into the genomic mechanisms underlying the diversification of species across savanna and forest habitats and the evolutionary forces acting in the species diversification in the Neotropics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André Carneiro Muniz
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CP 486, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | | | - José Pires de Lemos-Filho
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Myriam Heuertz
- Biogeco, INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, 69 route d’Arcachon, 33610 Cestas, France
| | - Alison Gonçalves Nazareno
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CP 486, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Maria Bernadete Lovato
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CP 486, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pedrosa KM, Ramos MB, La Torre-Cuadros MDLÁ, Lopes SDF. Plant parentage influences the type of timber use by traditional peoples of the Brazilian Caatinga. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286434. [PMID: 37847702 PMCID: PMC10581497 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Local populations select different plants to meet their demands, so that morphologically similar species can be more used for a given use. Herein, we seek to understand whether plant species that are phylogenetically closer together are used more similarly than distant species in the phylogeny. Ethnobotanical data were collected in five rural communities in a semi-arid region of Brazil. A total of 120 local experts were selected and interviewed using semi-structured questionnaires. The people's knowledge of plants was organized into usage subcategories. We estimated the redundancy values for the mentioned species, and we compiled data from the literature on the wood density values of the cited species. We constructed our phylogenetic hypothesis of useful plants and used comparative phylogenetic methods to estimate the signal. Our results showed a strong phylogenetic grouping for both tool handle and craft uses. We observed a moderate phylogenetic grouping in which related cited plants exhibit similar redundancy and a weak grouping in which cited plants present similar wood density values. Our results revealed the importance of using phylogeny for useful plants. We conclude the phylogenetic proximity of useful plants and the lower redundancy for some species in our study may suggest greater use pressure, given that few species fulfill the same function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Marques Pedrosa
- Laboratório de Ecologia Neotropical, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Bairro Universitário, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil
| | - Maiara Bezerra Ramos
- Laboratório de Ecologia Neotropical, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Bairro Universitário, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil
| | | | - Sérgio de Faria Lopes
- Laboratório de Ecologia Neotropical, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Bairro Universitário, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
de Assis Prado CHB, de Brito Melo Trovão DM. The woody crown network model incorporates maximum height. Ecol Modell 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2023.110345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
|
6
|
Romeiro-Brito M, Khan G, Perez MF, Zappi DC, Taylor NP, Olsthoorn G, Franco FF, Moraes EM. Revisiting phylogeny, systematics, and biogeography of a Pleistocene radiation. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2023; 110:1-17. [PMID: 36708517 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Pilosocereus (Cactaceae) is an important dry forest element in all subregions and transitional zones of the neotropics, with the highest diversity in eastern Brazil. The genus is subdivided into informal taxonomic groups; however, most of these are not supported by recent molecular phylogenetic inferences. This lack of confidence is probably due to the use of an insufficient number of loci and the complexity of cactus diversification. Here, we explored the species relationships in Pilosocereus in more detail, integrating multilocus phylogenetic approaches with the assessment of the ancestral range and the effect of geography on diversification shifts. METHODS We used 28 nuclear, plastid, and mitochondrial loci from 54 plant samples of 31 Pilosocereus species for phylogenetic analyses. We used concatenated and coalescent phylogenetic trees and Bayesian models to estimate the most likely ancestral range and diversification shifts. RESULTS All Pilosocereus species were clustered in the same branch, except P. bohlei. The phylogenetic relationships were more associated with the geographic distribution than taxonomic affinities among taxa. The genus began diversifying during the Plio-Pleistocene transition in the Caatinga domain and experienced an increased diversification rate during the Calabrian age. CONCLUSIONS We recovered a well-supported multispecies coalescent phylogeny. Our results refine the pattern of rapid diversification of Pilosocereus species across neotropical drylands during the Pleistocene and highlight the need for taxonomic rearrangements in the genus. We recovered a pulse of diversification during the Pleistocene that was likely driven by multiple dispersal and vicariance events within and among the Caatinga, Cerrado, and Atlantic Forest domains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monique Romeiro-Brito
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Sorocaba, SP, 18052-780, Brazil
| | - Gulzar Khan
- Institute for Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky-University Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Manolo F Perez
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Daniela C Zappi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília (UNB), PO Box 04457, Brasília, DF, 70910-970, Brazil
| | - Nigel P Taylor
- University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar Botanic Gardens Campus, The Alameda, PO Box 843, GX11 1AA, Gibraltar
| | | | - Fernando F Franco
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Sorocaba, SP, 18052-780, Brazil
| | - Evandro M Moraes
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Sorocaba, SP, 18052-780, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Barbosa-Silva RG, Andrino CO, Azevedo L, Lucresia L, Lovo J, Hiura AL, Viana PL, Giannini TC, Zappi DC. A wide range of South American inselberg floras reveal cohesive biome patterns. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:928577. [PMID: 36247592 PMCID: PMC9559578 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.928577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Inselbergs are azonal formations found scattered in different biomes globally. The first floristic list focusing on an inselberg in the Brazilian Amazon is presented here. We aimed to investigate floristic and phylogenetic connections among Neotropical inselbergs and analyze whether environmental variables act as a filter of plant lineages. We used a database compiled from 50 sites spanning three main Neotropical biomes (Amazon, 11 sites, Atlantic Forest, 14 sites, and Caatinga, 25 sites) comprising 2270 Angiosperm species. Our data highlight the vastly different inselberg flora found in each biome. The inselberg floras of the Atlantic Forest and Caatinga show closer phylogenetic ties than those seen in the other biome pairs. The phylogenetic lineages found in all three biomes are also strongly divergent, even within plant families. The dissimilarity between biomes suggests that distinct biogeographical histories might have unfolded even under comparable environmental filtering. Our data suggest that the inselberg flora is more related to the biome where it is located than to other factors, even when the microclimatic conditions in the outcrops differ strongly from those of the surrounding matrix. Relative to the other biomes, the flora of the Caatinga inselbergs has the highest level of species turnover. There is a possibility that plants colonized these rather distant inselbergs even when they were found under very different climatic conditions than those in the Amazonian and Atlantic Forest biomes. It is worth noting that none of the studied inselbergs found in the Caatinga biome is protected. In view of the uniqueness and drought-resilient lineages present in each group of inselbergs, along with their vulnerability to destruction or disturbance and their strong connection with water availability, we stress the need to protect this ecosystem not only to conserve plants potentially useful for ecological restoration but also to preserve the balance of this ecosystem and its connections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Gomes Barbosa-Silva
- Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Instituto Tecnológico Vale Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Belém, Brazil
- Coordenação Botânica, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém, Brazil
| | - Caroline O. Andrino
- Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Instituto Tecnológico Vale Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Belém, Brazil
| | - Luísa Azevedo
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luísa Lucresia
- Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Lovo
- Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Instituto Tecnológico Vale Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Belém, Brazil
- Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia/Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, e Monitoramento Ambiental, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Alice L. Hiura
- Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Instituto Tecnológico Vale Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Belém, Brazil
| | - Pedro L. Viana
- Coordenação Botânica, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém, Brazil
| | - Tereza C. Giannini
- Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Instituto Tecnológico Vale Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Belém, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Instituto de Ciência Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Daniela Cristina Zappi
- Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Instituto Tecnológico Vale Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Belém, Brazil
- Coordenação Botânica, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jakovac CC, Meave JA, Bongers F, Letcher SG, Dupuy JM, Piotto D, Rozendaal DMA, Peña-Claros M, Craven D, Santos BA, Siminski A, Fantini AC, Rodrigues AC, Hernández-Jaramillo A, Idárraga A, Junqueira AB, Zambrano AMA, de Jong BHJ, Pinho BX, Finegan B, Castellano-Castro C, Zambiazi DC, Dent DH, García DH, Kennard D, Delgado D, Broadbent EN, Ortiz-Malavassi E, Pérez-García EA, Lebrija-Trejos E, Berenguer E, Marín-Spiotta E, Alvarez-Davila E, de Sá Sampaio EV, Melo F, Elias F, França F, Oberleitner F, Mora F, Williamson GB, Colletta GD, Cabral GAL, Derroire G, Fernandes GW, van der Wal H, Teixeira HM, Vester HFM, García H, Vieira ICG, Jiménez-Montoya J, de Almeida-Cortez JS, Hall JS, Chave J, Zimmerman JK, Nieto JE, Ferreira J, Rodríguez-Velázquez J, Ruíz J, Barlow J, Aguilar-Cano J, Hernández-Stefanoni JL, Engel J, Becknell JM, Zanini K, Lohbeck M, Tabarelli M, Romero-Romero MA, Uriarte M, Veloso MDM, Espírito-Santo MM, van der Sande MT, van Breugel M, Martínez-Ramos M, Schwartz NB, Norden N, Pérez-Cárdenas N, González-Valdivia N, Petronelli P, Balvanera P, Massoca P, Brancalion PHS, Villa PM, Hietz P, Ostertag R, López-Camacho R, César RG, Mesquita R, Chazdon RL, Muñoz R, DeWalt SJ, Müller SC, Durán SM, Martins SV, Ochoa-Gaona S, Rodríguez-Buritica S, Aide TM, Bentos TV, de S Moreno V, Granda V, Thomas W, Silver WL, Nunes YRF, Poorter L. Strong floristic distinctiveness across Neotropical successional forests. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn1767. [PMID: 35776785 PMCID: PMC10883372 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn1767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Forests that regrow naturally on abandoned fields are important for restoring biodiversity and ecosystem services, but can they also preserve the distinct regional tree floras? Using the floristic composition of 1215 early successional forests (≤20 years) in 75 human-modified landscapes across the Neotropic realm, we identified 14 distinct floristic groups, with a between-group dissimilarity of 0.97. Floristic groups were associated with location, bioregions, soil pH, temperature seasonality, and water availability. Hence, there is large continental-scale variation in the species composition of early successional forests, which is mainly associated with biogeographic and environmental factors but not with human disturbance indicators. This floristic distinctiveness is partially driven by regionally restricted species belonging to widespread genera. Early secondary forests contribute therefore to restoring and conserving the distinctiveness of bioregions across the Neotropical realm, and forest restoration initiatives should use local species to assure that these distinct floras are maintained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catarina C Jakovac
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Rod. Admar Gonzaga, 1346, 88034-000 Florianópolis, Brazil
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jorge A Meave
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Mexico City, CP 04510, México
| | - Frans Bongers
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Susan G Letcher
- College of the Atlantic, 105 Eden St., Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Juan Manuel Dupuy
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C., Unidad de Recursos Naturales, Calle 43 # 130 x 32 y 34, Chuburná de Hidalgo, C.P. 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Daniel Piotto
- Centro de Formação em Ciências Agroflorestais, Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia, Itabuna-BA, 45613-204, Brazil
| | - Danaë M A Rozendaal
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Plant Production Systems Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Marielos Peña-Claros
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Dylan Craven
- Centro de Modelacion y Monitoreo de Ecosistemas, Universidad Mayor, Jose Toribio Medina 29, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Alexandre Siminski
- Postgraduate Program in Agricultural and Natural Ecosystems-PPGEAN, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Curitibanos-SC, Brazil
| | - Alfredo C Fantini
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Rod. Admar Gonzaga, 1346, 88034-000 Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Alice C Rodrigues
- Associação para a Conservação da Biodiversidade - PROBIODIVERSA-BRASIL, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
- Botany Graduate Program, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, Brazil
| | | | - Alvaro Idárraga
- Fundación Jardín Botánico de Medellín, Herbario JAUM, Medellín, Colombia
| | - André B Junqueira
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ben H J de Jong
- Department of Sustainability Science, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Av. Rancho Polígono 2-A, Ciudad Industrial, Lerma 24500, Campeche, Mexico
| | - Bruno Ximenes Pinho
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, CEP 50670-901, Brazil
- AMAP, Univ Montpellier, INRAe, CIRAD, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Bryan Finegan
- CATIE-Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza, Turrialba, Costa Rica
| | - Carolina Castellano-Castro
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, 16-20 Avenida Circunvalar, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Daisy Christiane Zambiazi
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Rod. Admar Gonzaga, 1346, 88034-000 Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Daisy H Dent
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
- Max Planck Institute for Animal Behavior, Konstanz, Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Roosevelt Ave. 401 Balboa, Ancon, Panama
| | - Daniel Hernán García
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, 16-20 Avenida Circunvalar, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Deborah Kennard
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, Colorado Mesa University, 1100 North Avenue, Grand Junction, CO 81501, USA
| | - Diego Delgado
- CATIE-Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza, Turrialba, Costa Rica
| | - Eben N Broadbent
- Spatial Ecology and Conservation Lab, School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Edgar Ortiz-Malavassi
- Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Escuela de Ingeniería Forestal, Cartago, Costa Rica
| | - Eduardo A Pérez-García
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Mexico City, CP 04510, México
| | - Edwin Lebrija-Trejos
- Department of Biology and the Environment, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa-Oranim, Tivon 36006, Israel
| | - Erika Berenguer
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, OX1 3QY Oxford, UK
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, LA1 4YQ Lancaster, UK
| | - Erika Marín-Spiotta
- Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 550 North Park St, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | | | - Everardo Valadares de Sá Sampaio
- Departamento de Energia Nuclear-CTG, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Luis Freire 1000, 50740-540 Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Felipe Melo
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, CEP 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Fernando Elias
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Pará, Brazil
| | - Filipe França
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Ave, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Florian Oberleitner
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Francisco Mora
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CP 58089 Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - G Bruce Williamson
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, Environmental Dynamics Research Coordination, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Manaus, Amazonas CEP 69067-375, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803-1705, USA
| | - Gabriel Dalla Colletta
- Institute of Biology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Cidade Universitária Zeferino, Vaz-Barão Geraldo, Campinas-SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - George A L Cabral
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, CEP 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Géraldine Derroire
- CIRAD, UMR EcoFoG (AgroParistech, CNRS, Inrae, Université des Antilles, Université de la Guyane), Campus Agronomique, Kourou, French Guiana
| | - Geraldo Wilson Fernandes
- Ecologia Evolutiva e Biodiversidade/DBG, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Hans van der Wal
- Departamento de Agricultura, Sociedad y Ambiente, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur - Unidad Villahermosa, 86280 Centro, Tabasco, México
| | | | - Henricus F M Vester
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94248, 1090 GE Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hernando García
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, 16-20 Avenida Circunvalar, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Ima C G Vieira
- Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, C.P. 399, CEP 66040-170 Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jefferson S Hall
- SI ForestGEO, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Roosevelt Ave. 401 Balboa, Ancon, Panama
| | - Jerome Chave
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, UMR5174, CNRS/Université Paul Sabatier Bâtiment 4R1, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Jess K Zimmerman
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA
| | - Jhon Edison Nieto
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, 16-20 Avenida Circunvalar, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Joice Ferreira
- Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Belém, Pará 66095-903, Brazil
| | - Jorge Rodríguez-Velázquez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CP 58089 Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Jorge Ruíz
- Programa de Estudios de Posgrado en Geografia, Convenio Universidad Pedagogica y Tecnológica de Colombia-Instituto Geografico Agustin Codazzi, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jos Barlow
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, LA1 4YQ Lancaster, UK
| | - José Aguilar-Cano
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, 16-20 Avenida Circunvalar, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - José Luis Hernández-Stefanoni
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C., Unidad de Recursos Naturales, Calle 43 # 130 x 32 y 34, Chuburná de Hidalgo, C.P. 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Julien Engel
- AMAP, IRD, CIRAD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, INRA, Boulevard de la Lironde, TA A-51/PS2, F-34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Justin M Becknell
- Environmental Studies Program, Colby College, 4000 Mayflower Hill, Waterville, ME 04901, USA
| | - Kátia Zanini
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Madelon Lohbeck
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
- Centre for International Forestry Research and World Agroforestry (CIFOR-ICRAF), United Nations Avenue, Gigiri, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Marcelo Tabarelli
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, CEP 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Marco Antonio Romero-Romero
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Mexico City, CP 04510, México
| | - Maria Uriarte
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Maria D M Veloso
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais CEP 39401-089, Brazil
| | - Mário M Espírito-Santo
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais CEP 39401-089, Brazil
| | - Masha T van der Sande
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Michiel van Breugel
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Roosevelt Ave. 401 Balboa, Ancon, Panama
- Yale-NUS College, 16 College Avenue West, Singapore 138610, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Miguel Martínez-Ramos
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CP 58089 Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Naomi B Schwartz
- Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada
| | - Natalia Norden
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, 16-20 Avenida Circunvalar, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Nathalia Pérez-Cárdenas
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CP 58089 Morelia, Michoacán, México
- University of Zürich, Department of Geography, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Noel González-Valdivia
- Departamento de Ingenierías, Instituto Tecnológico de Chiná, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Calle 11 s/n entre 22 y 28, Chiná, 24520 Campeche, México
| | - Pascal Petronelli
- CIRAD, UMR EcoFoG (AgroParistech, CNRS, Inrae, Université des Antilles, Université de la Guyane), Campus Agronomique, Kourou, French Guiana
| | - Patricia Balvanera
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CP 58089 Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Paulo Massoca
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, Environmental Dynamics Research Coordination, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Manaus, Amazonas CEP 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Pedro H S Brancalion
- Department of Forest Sciences, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, 13418-900 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro M Villa
- Botany Graduate Program, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, Brazil
- Fundación para la Conservación de la Biodiversidad (PROBIODIVERSA), CP 5101 Mérida, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Peter Hietz
- Institute of Botany, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rebecca Ostertag
- Department of Biology, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, HI 96720, USA
| | - René López-Camacho
- Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Facultad de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, Carrera 5 este # 15-82, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Ricardo G César
- Department of Forest Sciences, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, 13418-900 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rita Mesquita
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, Environmental Dynamics Research Coordination, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Manaus, Amazonas CEP 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Robin L Chazdon
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, U-43, 75 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Tropical Forests and People Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD 4558, Australia
| | - Rodrigo Muñoz
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Mexico City, CP 04510, México
| | - Saara J DeWalt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, 132 Long Hall, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Sandra C Müller
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Sandra M Durán
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55455, USA
- Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2EG, Canada
| | - Sebastião Venâncio Martins
- Laboratório de Restauração Florestal, Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Susana Ochoa-Gaona
- Department of Sustainability Science, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Av. Rancho Polígono 2-A, Ciudad Industrial, Lerma 24500, Campeche, Mexico
| | - Susana Rodríguez-Buritica
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, 16-20 Avenida Circunvalar, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - T Mitchell Aide
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, P.O. Box 23360, San Juan, PR 00931-3360, USA
| | - Tony Vizcarra Bentos
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, Environmental Dynamics Research Coordination, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Manaus, Amazonas CEP 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Vanessa de S Moreno
- Department of Forest Sciences, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, 13418-900 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Granda
- CATIE-Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza, Turrialba, Costa Rica
| | - Wayt Thomas
- Institute of Systematic Botany, The New York Botanical Garden, 2900 Southern Blvd., Bronx, NY 10458-5126, USA
| | - Whendee L Silver
- Ecosystem Science Division, Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94707, USA
| | - Yule R F Nunes
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais CEP 39401-089, Brazil
| | - Lourens Poorter
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gray HL, Farias JR, Venzon M, Torres JB, Souza LM, Aita RC, Andow DA. Predation on sentinel prey increases with increasing latitude in Brassica-dominated agroecosystems. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9086. [PMID: 35845383 PMCID: PMC9272068 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In natural ecosystems, arthropod predation on herbivore prey is higher at lower latitudes, mirroring the latitudinal diversity gradient observed across many taxa. This pattern has not been systematically examined in human-dominated ecosystems, where frequent disturbances can shift the identity and abundance of local predators, altering predation rates from those observed in natural ecosystems. We investigated how latitude, biogeographical, and local ecological factors influenced arthropod predation in Brassica oleracea-dominated agroecosystems in 55 plots spread among 5 sites in the United States and 4 sites in Brazil, spanning at least 15° latitude in each country. In both the United States and Brazil, arthropod predator attacks on sentinel model caterpillar prey were highest at the highest latitude studied and declined at lower latitudes. The rate of increased arthropod attacks per degree latitude was higher in the United States and the overall gradient was shifted poleward as compared to Brazil. PiecewiseSEM analysis revealed that aridity mediates the effect of latitude on arthropod predation and largely explains the differences in the intensity of the latitudinal gradient between study countries. Neither predator richness, predator density, nor predator resource availability predicted variation in predator attack rates. Only greater non-crop plant density drove greater predation rates, though this effect was weaker than the effect of aridity. We conclude that climatic factors rather than ecological community structure shape latitudinal arthropod predation patterns and that high levels of aridity in agroecosystems may dampen the ability of arthropod predators to provide herbivore control services as compared to natural ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah L. Gray
- Department of EntomologyUniversity of Minnesota‐Twin CitiesMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - Juliano R. Farias
- Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das MissõesSanto ÂngeloBrazil
| | - Madelaine Venzon
- Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais ‐ EPAMIGViçosaBrazil
| | - Jorge Braz Torres
- Departamento de Agronomia‐EntomologiaUniversidade Federal Rural de PernambucoRecifeBrazil
| | | | - Rafael Carlesso Aita
- Department of EntomologyUniversity of Minnesota‐Twin CitiesMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - David A. Andow
- Department of EntomologyUniversity of Minnesota‐Twin CitiesMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pinho BX, Trindade DPF, Peres CA, Jamelli D, de Lima RAF, Ribeiro EMS, Melo FPL, Leal IR, Tabarelli M. Cross‐scale drivers of woody plant species commonness and rarity in the Brazilian drylands. DIVERS DISTRIB 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno X. Pinho
- Departamento de Botânica Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Recife Brazil
- AMAP, Univ Montpellier, INRAe, CIRAD, CNRS, IRD Montpellier France
| | | | - Carlos A. Peres
- School of Environmental Sciences University of East Anglia Norwich UK
- Instituto Juruá Manaus Brazil
| | - Davi Jamelli
- Departamento de Botânica Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Recife Brazil
| | | | - Elâine M. S. Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Biodiversidade e Genética Evolutiva Universidade de Pernambuco – Campus Petrolina Petrolina Brazil
| | - Felipe P. L. Melo
- Departamento de Botânica Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Recife Brazil
| | - Inara R. Leal
- Departamento de Botânica Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Recife Brazil
| | - Marcelo Tabarelli
- Departamento de Botânica Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Recife Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Fernandes MF, Cardoso D, Pennington RT, de Queiroz LP. The Origins and Historical Assembly of the Brazilian Caatinga Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.723286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Brazilian Caatinga is considered the richest nucleus of the Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests (SDTF) in the Neotropics, also exhibiting high levels of endemism, but the timing of origin and the evolutionary causes of its plant diversification are still poorly understood. In this study, we integrate comprehensive sampled dated molecular phylogenies of multiple flowering plant groups and estimations of ancestral areas to elucidate the forces driving diversification and historical assembly in the Caatinga flowering plants. Our results show a pervasive floristic exchange between Caatinga and other neotropical regions, particularly those adjacent. While some Caatinga lineages arose in the Eocene/Oligocene, most dry-adapted endemic plant lineages found in region emerged from the middle to late Miocene until the Pleistocene, indicating that only during this period the Caatinga started to coalesce into a SDTF like we see today. Our findings are temporally congruent with global and regional aridification events and extensive denudation of thick layers of sediments in Northeast (NE) Brazil. We hypothesize that global aridification processes have played important role in the ancient plant assembly and long-term Caatinga SDTF biome stability, whereas climate-induced vegetation shifts, as well as the newly opened habitats have largely contributed as drivers of in situ diversification in the region. Patterns of phylogenetic relatedness of Caatinga endemic clades revealed that much modern species diversity has originated in situ and likely evolved via recent (Pliocene/Pleistocene) ecological specialization triggered by increased environmental heterogeneity and the exhumation of edaphically disparate substrates. The continuous assembly of dry-adapted flora of the Caatinga has been complex, adding to growing evidence that the origins and historical assembly of the distinct SDTF patches are idiosyncratic across the Neotropics, driven not just by continental-scale processes but also by unique features of regional-scale geological history.
Collapse
|
12
|
Cardoso D, Moonlight PW, Ramos G, Oatley G, Dudley C, Gagnon E, Queiroz LPD, Pennington RT, Särkinen TE. Defining Biologically Meaningful Biomes Through Floristic, Functional, and Phylogenetic Data. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.723558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While we have largely improved our understanding on what biomes are and their utility in global change ecology, conservation planning, and evolutionary biology is clear, there is no consensus on how biomes should be delimited or mapped. Existing methods emphasize different aspects of biomes, with different strengths and limitations. We introduce a novel approach to biome delimitation and mapping, based upon combining individual regionalizations derived from floristic, functional, and phylogenetic data linked to environmentally trained species distribution models. We define “core Biomes” as areas where independent regionalizations agree and “transition zones” as those whose biome identity is not corroborated by all analyses. We apply this approach to delimiting the neglected Caatinga seasonally dry tropical forest biome in northeast Brazil. We delimit the “core Caatinga” as a smaller and more climatically limited area than previous definitions, and argue it represents a floristically, functionally, and phylogenetically coherent unit within the driest parts of northeast Brazil. “Caatinga transition zones” represent a large and biologically important area, highlighting that ecological and evolutionary processes work across environmental gradients and that biomes are not categorical variables. We discuss the differences among individual regionalizations in an ecological and evolutionary context and the potential limitations and utility of individual and combined biome delimitations. Our integrated ecological and evolutionary definition of the Caatinga and associated transition zones are argued to best describe and map biologically meaningful biomes.
Collapse
|
13
|
Entropy-Based Temporal Downscaling of Precipitation as Tool for Sediment Delivery Ratio Assessment. ENTROPY 2021; 23:e23121615. [PMID: 34945921 PMCID: PMC8700339 DOI: 10.3390/e23121615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Many regions around the globe are subjected to precipitation-data scarcity that often hinders the capacity of hydrological modeling. The entropy theory and the principle of maximum entropy can help hydrologists to extract useful information from the scarce data available. In this work, we propose a new method to assess sub-daily precipitation features such as duration and intensity based on daily precipitation using the principle of maximum entropy. Particularly in arid and semiarid regions, such sub-daily features are of central importance for modeling sediment transport and deposition. The obtained features were used as input to the SYPoME model (sediment yield using the principle of maximum entropy). The combined method was implemented in seven catchments in Northeast Brazil with drainage areas ranging from 10−3 to 10+2 km2 in assessing sediment yield and delivery ratio. The results show significant improvement when compared with conventional deterministic modeling, with Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) of 0.96 and absolute error of 21% for our method against NSE of −4.49 and absolute error of 105% for the deterministic approach.
Collapse
|
14
|
Rodrigues IS, Costa CAG, Raabe A, Medeiros PHA, de Araújo JC. Evaporation in Brazilian dryland reservoirs: Spatial variability and impact of riparian vegetation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 797:149059. [PMID: 34303228 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Evaporation is a major factor controlling the hydrological dynamics of surface water reservoirs in dry environments, therefore quantification with minimal uncertainties is desired. The aim of this paper is to assess the spatial variability and impact of riparian vegetation on reservoir evaporation by remote sensing. Eight reservoirs located in subhumid and semi-arid climates in the Brazilian Drylands were studied. Scenes from Landsat 5 and Landsat 8 satellites (1985 and 2018) supplied the data for four evaporation models. For reference evaporation, the Class A Pan and Piché Evaporimeter closest to the reservoirs were considered. The occurrence/density of riparian vegetation was associated with the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and its influence on evaporation was assessed. The Surface Energy Balance System for Water (AquaSEBS) model presented the best average performance (Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency coefficient 0.40 ± 0.19). Evaporation was observed to be higher at the reservoirs' margins and near the dams, due to the contact of exposed soil and rock/concrete, respectively, which transfer heat to the water. Marginal areas near the riparian forest presented low evaporation rates with decreases between 18% and 31% in relation to the average. This interdependence was evidenced by the high negative correlation (R2 0.87-0.96) between NDVI and evaporation; vegetation reduces radiation because of the shading of the reservoir margin and changes local aerodynamics, reducing evaporation. Depending on the spatial variability of evaporation, it was found that the volumes transferred to the atmosphere may have variations of up to 30%. On average, the evaporated volume in all the studied reservoirs is 450,000 m3/day, a quantity enough to supply more than two million people. Overall, the results of this study contribute not only to a better understanding of the spatial variability of evaporation in surface reservoirs, but also of the interdependence between riparian vegetation and evaporation rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Armin Raabe
- Department of Physics and Geosciences, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - José Carlos de Araújo
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lin M, Simons AL, Harrigan RJ, Curd EE, Schneider FD, Ruiz-Ramos DV, Gold Z, Osborne MG, Shirazi S, Schweizer TM, Moore TN, Fox EA, Turba R, Garcia-Vedrenne AE, Helman SK, Rutledge K, Mejia MP, Marwayana O, Munguia Ramos MN, Wetzer R, Pentcheff ND, McTavish EJ, Dawson MN, Shapiro B, Wayne RK, Meyer RS. Landscape analyses using eDNA metabarcoding and Earth observation predict community biodiversity in California. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2021; 31:e02379. [PMID: 34013632 DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4516670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Ecosystems globally are under threat from ongoing anthropogenic environmental change. Effective conservation management requires more thorough biodiversity surveys that can reveal system-level patterns and that can be applied rapidly across space and time. Using modern ecological models and community science, we integrate environmental DNA and Earth observations to produce a time snapshot of regional biodiversity patterns and provide multi-scalar community-level characterization. We collected 278 samples in spring 2017 from coastal, shrub, and lowland forest sites in California, a complex ecosystem and biodiversity hotspot. We recovered 16,118 taxonomic entries from eDNA analyses and compiled associated traditional observations and environmental data to assess how well they predicted alpha, beta, and zeta diversity. We found that local habitat classification was diagnostic of community composition and distinct communities and organisms in different kingdoms are predicted by different environmental variables. Nonetheless, gradient forest models of 915 families recovered by eDNA analysis and using BIOCLIM variables, Sentinel-2 satellite data, human impact, and topographical features as predictors, explained 35% of the variance in community turnover. Elevation, sand percentage, and photosynthetic activities (NDVI32) were the top predictors. In addition to this signal of environmental filtering, we found a positive relationship between environmentally predicted families and their numbers of biotic interactions, suggesting environmental change could have a disproportionate effect on community networks. Together, these analyses show that coupling eDNA with environmental predictors including remote sensing data has capacity to test proposed Essential Biodiversity Variables and create new landscape biodiversity baselines that span the tree of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meixi Lin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Ariel Levi Simons
- Department of Marine and Environmental Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90089, USA
- Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Ryan J Harrigan
- Center for Tropical Research, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Emily E Curd
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Fabian D Schneider
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California, 91009, USA
| | - Dannise V Ruiz-Ramos
- Columbia Environmental Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia, Missouri, 65201, USA
- Department of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of California-Merced, Merced, California, 95343, USA
| | - Zack Gold
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Melisa G Osborne
- Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90089, USA
| | - Sabrina Shirazi
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, 95064, USA
| | - Teia M Schweizer
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523, USA
| | - Tiara N Moore
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
- School of Environmental and Forestry Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
| | - Emma A Fox
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Rachel Turba
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Ana E Garcia-Vedrenne
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Sarah K Helman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Kelsi Rutledge
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Maura Palacios Mejia
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Onny Marwayana
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
- Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Cibinong, Bogor, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Miroslava N Munguia Ramos
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Regina Wetzer
- Research and Collections, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, California, 90007, USA
- Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90089, USA
| | - N Dean Pentcheff
- Research and Collections, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, California, 90007, USA
| | - Emily Jane McTavish
- Department of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of California-Merced, Merced, California, 95343, USA
| | - Michael N Dawson
- Department of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of California-Merced, Merced, California, 95343, USA
| | - Beth Shapiro
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, 95064, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California-Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, 95064, USA
| | - Robert K Wayne
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Rachel S Meyer
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, 95064, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lin M, Simons AL, Harrigan RJ, Curd EE, Schneider FD, Ruiz-Ramos DV, Gold Z, Osborne MG, Shirazi S, Schweizer TM, Moore TN, Fox EA, Turba R, Garcia-Vedrenne AE, Helman SK, Rutledge K, Mejia MP, Marwayana O, Munguia Ramos MN, Wetzer R, Pentcheff ND, McTavish EJ, Dawson MN, Shapiro B, Wayne RK, Meyer RS. Landscape analyses using eDNA metabarcoding and Earth observation predict community biodiversity in California. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2021; 31:e02379. [PMID: 34013632 PMCID: PMC9297316 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Ecosystems globally are under threat from ongoing anthropogenic environmental change. Effective conservation management requires more thorough biodiversity surveys that can reveal system-level patterns and that can be applied rapidly across space and time. Using modern ecological models and community science, we integrate environmental DNA and Earth observations to produce a time snapshot of regional biodiversity patterns and provide multi-scalar community-level characterization. We collected 278 samples in spring 2017 from coastal, shrub, and lowland forest sites in California, a complex ecosystem and biodiversity hotspot. We recovered 16,118 taxonomic entries from eDNA analyses and compiled associated traditional observations and environmental data to assess how well they predicted alpha, beta, and zeta diversity. We found that local habitat classification was diagnostic of community composition and distinct communities and organisms in different kingdoms are predicted by different environmental variables. Nonetheless, gradient forest models of 915 families recovered by eDNA analysis and using BIOCLIM variables, Sentinel-2 satellite data, human impact, and topographical features as predictors, explained 35% of the variance in community turnover. Elevation, sand percentage, and photosynthetic activities (NDVI32) were the top predictors. In addition to this signal of environmental filtering, we found a positive relationship between environmentally predicted families and their numbers of biotic interactions, suggesting environmental change could have a disproportionate effect on community networks. Together, these analyses show that coupling eDNA with environmental predictors including remote sensing data has capacity to test proposed Essential Biodiversity Variables and create new landscape biodiversity baselines that span the tree of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meixi Lin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095 USA
| | - Ariel Levi Simons
- Department of Marine and Environmental Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089 USA
- Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095 USA
| | - Ryan J. Harrigan
- Center for Tropical Research, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095 USA
| | - Emily E. Curd
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095 USA
| | - Fabian D. Schneider
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91009 USA
| | - Dannise V. Ruiz-Ramos
- Columbia Environmental Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia, Missouri 65201 USA
- Department of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of California-Merced, Merced, California 95343 USA
| | - Zack Gold
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095 USA
| | - Melisa G. Osborne
- Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089 USA
| | - Sabrina Shirazi
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064 USA
| | - Teia M. Schweizer
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095 USA
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523 USA
| | - Tiara N. Moore
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095 USA
- School of Environmental and Forestry Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195 USA
| | - Emma A. Fox
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095 USA
| | - Rachel Turba
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095 USA
| | - Ana E. Garcia-Vedrenne
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095 USA
| | - Sarah K. Helman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095 USA
| | - Kelsi Rutledge
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095 USA
| | - Maura Palacios Mejia
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095 USA
| | - Onny Marwayana
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095 USA
- Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Cibinong, Bogor 16911 Indonesia
| | - Miroslava N. Munguia Ramos
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095 USA
| | - Regina Wetzer
- Research and Collections, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, California 90007 USA
- Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089 USA
| | - N. Dean Pentcheff
- Research and Collections, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, California 90007 USA
| | - Emily Jane McTavish
- Department of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of California-Merced, Merced, California 95343 USA
| | - Michael N. Dawson
- Department of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of California-Merced, Merced, California 95343 USA
| | - Beth Shapiro
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064 USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California-Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064 USA
| | - Robert K. Wayne
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095 USA
| | - Rachel S. Meyer
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095 USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064 USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ocón JP, Ibanez T, Franklin J, Pau S, Keppel G, Rivas-Torres G, Shin ME, Gillespie TW. Global tropical dry forest extent and cover: A comparative study of bioclimatic definitions using two climatic data sets. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252063. [PMID: 34015004 PMCID: PMC8136719 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a debate concerning the definition and extent of tropical dry forest biome and vegetation type at a global spatial scale. We identify the potential extent of the tropical dry forest biome based on bioclimatic definitions and climatic data sets to improve global estimates of distribution, cover, and change. We compared four bioclimatic definitions of the tropical dry forest biome-Murphy and Lugo, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), DryFlor, aridity index-using two climatic data sets: WorldClim and Climatologies at High-resolution for the Earth's Land Surface Areas (CHELSA). We then compared each of the eight unique combinations of bioclimatic definitions and climatic data sets using 540 field plots identified as tropical dry forest from a literature search and evaluated the accuracy of World Wildlife Fund tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forest ecoregions. We used the definition and climate data that most closely matched field data to calculate forest cover in 2000 and change from 2001 to 2020. Globally, there was low agreement (< 58%) between bioclimatic definitions and WWF ecoregions and only 40% of field plots fell within these ecoregions. FAO using CHELSA had the highest agreement with field plots (81%) and was not correlated with the biome extent. Using the FAO definition with CHELSA climatic data set, we estimate 4,931,414 km2 of closed canopy (≥ 40% forest cover) tropical dry forest in 2000 and 4,369,695 km2 in 2020 with a gross loss of 561,719 km2 (11.4%) from 2001 to 2020. Tropical dry forest biome extent varies significantly based on bioclimatic definition used, with nearly half of all tropical dry forest vegetation missed when using ecoregion boundaries alone, especially in Africa. Using site-specific field validation, we find that the FAO definition using CHELSA provides an accurate, standard, and repeatable way to assess tropical dry forest cover and change at a global scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Pando Ocón
- Department of Geography, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Thomas Ibanez
- AMAP, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Janet Franklin
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States of America
| | - Stephanie Pau
- Department of Geography, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States of America
| | - Gunnar Keppel
- UniSA STEM and Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Gonzalo Rivas-Torres
- Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
- Instituto de Geografía, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Michael Edward Shin
- Department of Geography, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Thomas Welch Gillespie
- Department of Geography, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Marques R, Haddad CFB, Garda AA. There and Back Again from Monotypy: A New Species of the Casque-Headed Corythomantis Boulenger 1896 (Anura, Hylidae) from the Espinhaço Mountain Range, Brazil. HERPETOLOGICA 2021. [DOI: 10.1655/0018-0831-77.1.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Marques
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia), Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Célio F. B. Haddad
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Departamento de Biodiversidade e Centro de Aquicultura (CAUNESP), Instituto de Biociências, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Adrian A. Garda
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia), Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Oliveira EVS, Alves DMC, Landim MF, Gouveia SF. Sampling effort and the drivers of plant species richness in the Brazilian coastal regions. Oecologia 2021; 195:163-171. [PMID: 33392791 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-020-04805-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The causes of the gradients in species richness remain contentious because of multiple competing hypotheses, significant knowledge gaps, and regional effects of environmental and historical factors on species pools. Coastal zones are subject to particular sets of environmental constraints, thus identifying the drivers of species richness therein should shed light on the regional gradients of species diversity. Here, we investigate the geographic patterns and drivers of plant diversity across coastal regions while allowing for pervasive sampling deficiencies. Based on 142708 records of flowering plant occurrences, we mapped species richness and estimated the level of knowledge across the coastal zone of Brazil. Based on inventory completeness, we used linear regression models to test the predictive power of environmental variables that represent different environmental hypotheses. Few cells (25%) were well-surveyed, reflecting little knowledge about the distribution and diversity of flowering plants on the highly-populated Brazilian coast. Still, we found support for the habitat heterogeneity hypothesis as the best explanation of the variation in species richness of flowering plants in this region. Soil properties and water constraints are also important factors. Although our work emphasises the paucity of information on plant diversity in tropical and human-dominated areas, we show that knowledge limitations should not curb our capability of addressing hypotheses about species diversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Vinícius S Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Ecology and Conservation, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil.
| | - Davi M C Alves
- Evolution and Conservation of Biodiversity (INCT-EECBio), National Institute of Science and Technology Ecology, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Myrna F Landim
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Sidney F Gouveia
- Evolution and Conservation of Biodiversity (INCT-EECBio), National Institute of Science and Technology Ecology, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.,Department of Ecology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jung S, Cho Y. Redefining floristic zones in the Korean Peninsula using high-resolution georeferenced specimen data and self-organizing maps. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:11549-11564. [PMID: 33144983 PMCID: PMC7593177 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of biota to analyze the distribution pattern of biogeographic regions is essential to gain a better understanding of the ecological processes that cause biotic differentiation and biodiversity at multiple spatiotemporal scales. Recently, the collection of high-resolution biological distribution data (e.g., specimens) and advances in analytical theory have led to the quantitative analysis and more refined spatial delineation of biogeographic regions. This study was conducted to redefine floristic zones in the southern part of the Korean Peninsula and to better understand the eco-evolutionary significance of the spatial distribution patterns. Based on 309,333 distribution data of 2,954 vascular plant species in the Korean Peninsula, we derived floristic zones using self-organizing maps. We compared the characteristics of the derived regions with those of historical floristic zones and ecologically important environmental factors (climate, geology, and geography). In the clustering analysis of the floristic assemblages, four distinct regions were identified, namely, the cold floristic zone (Zone I) in high-altitude regions at the center of the Korean Peninsula, cool floristic zone (Zone II) in high-altitude regions in the south of the Korean Peninsula, warm floristic zone (Zone III) in low-altitude regions in the central and southern parts of the Korean Peninsula, and maritime warm floristic zone (Zone IV) including the volcanic islands Jejudo and Ulleungdo. Totally, 1,099 taxa were common to the four floristic zones. Zone IV showed the highest abundance of specific plants (those found in only one zone), with 404 taxa. Our study improves floristic zone definitions using high-resolution regional biological distribution data. It will help better understand and re-establish regional species diversity. In addition, our study provides key data for hotspot analysis required for the conservation of plant diversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Songhie Jung
- Gwangneung Forest Conservation CenterKorea National ArboretumPocheonKorea
| | - Yong‐chan Cho
- Gwangneung Forest Conservation CenterKorea National ArboretumPocheonKorea
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Nascimento CEDS, da Silva CAD, Leal IR, Tavares WDS, Serrão JE, Zanuncio JC, Tabarelli M. Seed germination and early seedling survival of the invasive species Prosopis juliflora (Fabaceae) depend on habitat and seed dispersal mode in the Caatinga dry forest. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9607. [PMID: 32953255 PMCID: PMC7474883 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Biological invasion is one of the main threats to tropical biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Prosopis juliflora (Sw) DC. (Fabales: Fabaceae: Caesalpinioideae) was introduced in the Caatinga dry forest of Northeast Brazil at early 1940s and successfully spread across the region. As other invasive species, it may benefit from the soils and seed dispersal by livestock. Here we examine how seed dispersal ecology and soil conditions collectively affect seed germination, early seedling performance and consequently the P. juliflora invasive potential. Methods Seed germination, early seedling survival, life expectancy and soil attributes were examined in 10 plots located across three habitats (flooding plain, alluvial terrace and plateau) into a human-modified landscape of the Caatinga dry forest (a total of 12,000 seeds). Seeds were exposed to four seed dispersal methods: deposition on the soil surface, burial in the soil, passed through cattle (Boss taurus) digestive tracts and mixed with cattle manure and passed through mule (Equus africanus asinus × Equus ferus caballus) digestive tracts and mixed with mule manure. Seeds and seedlings were monitored through a year and their performance examined with expectancy tables. Results Soils differed among habitats, particularly its nutrient availability, texture and water with finely-textured and more fertile soils in the flooding plain. Total seed germination was relatively low (14.5%), with the highest score among seeds buried in the flooding plain (47.4 ± 25.3%). Seed dispersal by cattle and mule also positively impacted seed germination. Early seedling survival rate of P. juliflora was dramatically reduced with few seedlings still alive elapsed a year. Survival rate was highest in the first 30 days and declined between 30 and 60 days with stabilization at 70 days after germination in all seed treatments and habitats. However, survival and life expectancy were higher in the flooding plain at 75 days and lower in the plateau. Prosopis juliflora seedling survival and life expectancy were higher in the case seeds were mixed with cattle manure. Synthesis Prosopis juliflora seeds and seedlings are sensitive to water stress and habitat desiccation. Therefore, they benefit from the humid soils often present across human-disturbed flooding plains. This plant also benefits from seed deposition/dispersal by livestock in these landscapes, since cattle manure represents a nutrient-rich and humid substrate for both seeds and seedlings. The quality of the seed dispersal service varies among livestock species, but this key mutualism between exotic species is due to the arillate, hard-coated and palatable seeds. Prosopis juliflora traits allow this species to take multiple benefits from human presence and thus operating as a human commensal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clóvis Eduardo de Souza Nascimento
- Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuária do Trópico Semi-Árido, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brasil.,Departamento de Ciências Humanas, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Juazeiro, Bahia, Brasil
| | - Carlos Alberto Domingues da Silva
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Algodão, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil
| | - Inara Roberta Leal
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil
| | - Wagner de Souza Tavares
- Asia Pacific Resources International Holdings Ltd. (APRIL), PT. Riau Andalan Pulp and Paper (RAPP), Pangkalan Kerinci, Riau, Indonesia
| | - José Eduardo Serrão
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - José Cola Zanuncio
- Departamento de Entomologia/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Marcelo Tabarelli
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ye JF, Liu Y, Chen ZD. Dramatic impact of metric choice on biogeographical regionalization. PLANT DIVERSITY 2020; 42:67-73. [PMID: 32373764 PMCID: PMC7195599 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
For a quantitative biogeographical regionalization, the choice of an appropriate dissimilarity index to measure pairwise distances is crucial. Several different metrics have been used, but there is no specific study to test the impact of metric choice on biogeographical regionalization. We herein applied a hierarchical cluster analysis on the mean nearest taxon distance (MNTD) and the phylogenetic turnover component of the Sørensen dissimilarity index (pβsim) pairwise distances to generate two schemes of phylogenetic regionalization of the Chinese flora, and then evaluated the effect of metric choice. Floristic regionalization based on MNTD was influenced by richness differences, but regionalization based on pβsim can clearly reflect the evolutionary history of the Chinese flora. We provided a brief description of the five regions identified by pβsim, and the regionalization can help develop strategies to effectively conserve the taxa and floristic regions with different origins and evolutionary histories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Fei Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Yun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhi-Duan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Conserving the Diversity of Ecological Interactions: The Role of Two Threatened Macaw Species as Legitimate Dispersers of “Megafaunal” Fruits. DIVERSITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/d12020045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The extinction of ecological functions is increasingly considered a major component of biodiversity loss, given its pervasive effects on ecosystems, and it may precede the disappearance of the species engaged. Dispersal of many large-fruited (>4 cm diameter) plants is thought to have been handicapped after the extinction of megafauna in the Late Pleistocene and the recent defaunation of large mammals. We recorded the seed dispersal behavior of two macaws (Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus and Anodorhynchus leari) in three Neotropical biomes, totaling >1700 dispersal events from 18 plant species, 98% corresponding to six large-fruited palm species. Dispersal rates varied among palm species (5%–100%). Fruits were moved to perches at varying distances (means: 17–450 m, maximum 1620 m). Macaws also moved nuts after regurgitation by livestock, in an unusual case of tertiary dispersal, to distant perches. A high proportion (11%–75%) of dispersed nuts was found undamaged under perches, and palm recruitment was confirmed under 6%–73% of the perches. Our results showed that these macaws were legitimate, long-distance dispersers, and challenge the prevailing view that dispersal of large-fruited plants was compromised after megafauna extinction. The large range contraction of these threatened macaws, however, meant that these mutualistic interactions are functionally extinct over large areas at a continental scale.
Collapse
|
24
|
Bystriakova N, Alves De Melo PH, Moat J, Lughadha EN, Monro AK. A Preliminary Evaluation of The Karst Flora of Brazil Using Collections Data. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17037. [PMID: 31745111 PMCID: PMC6863846 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53104-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Karst is defined as landscapes that are underlain by soluble rock in which there is appreciable water movement arising from a combination of high rock solubility and well-developed secondary (fracture) porosity. Karsts occupy approximately 20% of the planet’s dry ice-free land and are of great socioeconomic importance, as they supply water to up to 25% of the world’s population and represent landscapes of cultural and touristic importance. In Southeast Asia karst is associated with high species-richness and endemism in plants and seen as priority areas for the conservation of biodiversity. There has been little research into the floras associated with karst in South America, most of which occurs in Brazil. We therefore sought to evaluate the importance of Brazilian karst with respect to its species-richness and endemism. We sought to do so using curated plant specimen data in the Botanical Information and Ecology Network (BIEN) dataset. We show that, except for Amazonia, the BIEN dataset is representative of the Brazilian flora with respect to the total number of species and overall patterns of species richness. We found that karst is under-sampled, as is the case for much of Brazil. We also found that whilst karst represent an important source of plant diversity for Brazil, including populations of approximately 1/3 of the Brazilian flora, it is not significantly more species-rich or richer in small-range and endemic species than surrounding landscapes. Similarly, whilst important for conservation, comprising populations of 26.5–37.4% of all Brazilian species evaluated as of conservation concern by International Union for Nature Conservation (IUCN), karst is no more so than the surrounding areas. Whilst experimental error, including map resolution and the precision and accuracy of point data may have under-estimated the species-richness of Brazilian karst, it likely represents an important biodiversity resource for Brazil and one that can play a valuable role in conservation. Our findings are in sharp contrast to those for Southeast Asia where karst represents a more important source of species-richness and endemism. We also show that although BIEN represents a comprehensive and curated source of point data, discrepancies in the application of names compared to current more comprehensive taxonomic backbones, can have profound impacts on estimates of species-richness, distribution ranges and estimates of endemism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Bystriakova
- Core Research Laboratories, The Natural History Museum, London, SW7 5BD, UK.
| | - Pablo Hendrigo Alves De Melo
- UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Av. 24-A 1515 - Bela Vista, CEP 13506-900, Rio Claro, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Justin Moat
- Biodiversity Informatics and Spatial Analysis, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, TW9 3AE, UK.,School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Almeida RF, Guesdon IR, Pace MR, Meira RM. Taxonomic revision of Mcvaughia W.R.Anderson (Malpighiaceae): notes on vegetative and reproductive anatomy and the description of a new species. PHYTOKEYS 2019:45-72. [PMID: 30774506 PMCID: PMC6372574 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.117.32207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
A taxonomic revision of Mcvaughia is presented, including the description of a new species from the state of Piauí, Brazil, and notes on wood, secondary phloem, leaf, and floral morpho-anatomy. We present a key to the species, full morphological descriptions, a distribution map, and notes on distribution, ecology, etymology, and conservation status for each species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael F. Almeida
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Avenida Antonio Carlos 6627, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteBrazil
| | - Isabel R. Guesdon
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, CEP 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, BrazilUniversidade Federal de ViçosaViçosaBrazil
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia, 69103-128, Itacoatiara, Amazonas, BrazilUniversidade Federal do AmazonasItacoatiaraBrazil
| | - Marcelo R. Pace
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Biología, Departamento de Botánica, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, MexicoUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico CityMexico
- Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Botany, 10th Street & Constitution Avenue NW, 20560, Washington DC, USANational Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian InstitutionWashingtonUnited States of America
| | - Renata M.S. Meira
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, CEP 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, BrazilUniversidade Federal de ViçosaViçosaBrazil
| |
Collapse
|