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Wang L, Liu Z, Han S, Liu P, Sadeghnezhad E, Liu M. Growth or survival: What is the role of calmodulin-like proteins in plant? Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124733. [PMID: 37148925 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Calcium signalling, including pulse, amplitude, and duration, is essential for plant development and response to various stimuli. However, the calcium signalling should be decoded and translated by calcium sensors. In plants, three classes of calcium-binding proteins have been identified as calcium sensors, including calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK), calcineurin B-like protein (CBL), and calmodulin (CaM). Calmodulin-like proteins (CMLs), which have several EF-hands, also serve as specific calcium sensors and can sense, bind, and interpret the calcium signal during the plant's growth and defense decision-making processes. In recent decades, the function of CMLs in plant development and response to various stimuli has been systematically reviewed, shedding light on the molecular mechanism of plant CML-mediated networks in calcium signal transduction. Here, by providing an overview of CML expression and biological function in plants, we demonstrate that growth-defense trade-offs occur during calcium sensing, an aspect that has not been well studied in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Wang
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Shoukun Han
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Ping Liu
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China.
| | - Ehsan Sadeghnezhad
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mengjun Liu
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China.
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2
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Bhushan S, Singh AK, Thakur Y, Baskar R. Persistence of parental age effect on somatic mutation rates across generations in Arabidopsis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:152. [PMID: 36944916 PMCID: PMC10031922 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04150-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, parental age is known to affect somatic mutation rates in their immediate progeny and here we show that this age dependent effect persists across successive generations. Using a set of detector lines carrying the mutated uidA gene, we examined if a particular parental age maintained across five consecutive generations affected the rates of base substitution (BSR), intrachromosomal recombination (ICR), frameshift mutation (FS), and transposition. The frequency of functional GUS reversions were assessed in seedlings as a function of identical/different parental ages across generations. In the context of a fixed parental age, BSR/ICR rates were unaffected in the first three generations, then dropped significantly in the 4th and increased in most instances in the 5th generation (e.g. BSR (F1 38 = 0.9, F2 38 = 1.14, F3 38 = 1.02, F4 38 = 0.5, F5 38 = 0.76)). On the other hand, with advancing parental ages, BSR/ICR rates remained high in the first two/three generations, with a striking resemblance in the pattern of mutation rates (BSR (F1 38 = 0.9, F1 43 = 0.53, F1 48 = 0.79, F1 53 = 0.83 and F2 38 = 1.14, F2 43 = 0.57, F2 48 = 0.64, F2 53 = 0.94). We adopted a novel approach of identifying and tagging flowers pollinated on a particular day, thereby avoiding biases due to potential emasculation induced stress responses. Our results suggest a time component in counting the number of generations a plant has passed through self-fertilization at a particular age in determining the somatic mutation rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Bhushan
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai, 600 036, India
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UPR2357 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue du Général Zimmer, Strasbourg Cédex, 67084, France
| | - Yogendra Thakur
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai, 600 036, India
| | - Ramamurthy Baskar
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai, 600 036, India.
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3
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Parmagnani AS, Maffei ME. Calcium Signaling in Plant-Insect Interactions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2689. [PMID: 36297718 PMCID: PMC9609891 DOI: 10.3390/plants11202689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In plant-insect interactions, calcium (Ca2+) variations are among the earliest events associated with the plant perception of biotic stress. Upon herbivory, Ca2+ waves travel long distances to transmit and convert the local signal to a systemic defense program. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), Ca2+ and electrical signaling are interlinked to form a network supporting rapid signal transmission, whereas the Ca2+ message is decoded and relayed by Ca2+-binding proteins (including calmodulin, Ca2+-dependent protein kinases, annexins and calcineurin B-like proteins). Monitoring the generation of Ca2+ signals at the whole plant or cell level and their long-distance propagation during biotic interactions requires innovative imaging techniques based on sensitive sensors and using genetically encoded indicators. This review summarizes the recent advances in Ca2+ signaling upon herbivory and reviews the most recent Ca2+ imaging techniques and methods.
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Heyer M, Scholz SS, Reichelt M, Kunert G, Oelmüller R, Mithöfer A. The Ca 2+ sensor proteins CML37 and CML42 antagonistically regulate plant stress responses by altering phytohormone signals. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 109:611-625. [PMID: 34468901 PMCID: PMC9213386 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01184-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Calmodulin-like-proteins (CML) belong to a family of calcium-sensing proteins that are unique for plants and involved in many different developmental and stress-related reactions. In defense against herbivory, some pathogens and drought, CML37 acts as a positive and CML42 as a negative regulator, respectively. We provide evidence that both CMLs act antagonistically in the regulation of induced defense responses. A double knock-out line, cml37 x cml42, thus shows wild-type phenotypes upon all kind of stresses we used. A transient increase in the cytosolic calcium concentration is one of the first reactions that can be measured in plant cells upon abiotic as well as biotic stress treatments. These calcium signals are sensed by calcium binding proteins such as calmodulin-like proteins (CMLs), which transduce the sensed information into appropriate stress responses by interacting with downstream target proteins. In previous studies, CML37 has been shown to positively regulate the plants' defense against both the insect herbivore Spodoptera littoralis and the response to drought stress. In contrast, CML42 is known to negatively regulate those two stress responses. Here, we provide evidence that these two CMLs act antagonistically in the regulation of induced responses directed against drought and herbivory stress as well as in the defense against the necrotrophic pathogen Alternaria brassicicola. Both CMLs shape the plant reactions by altering the phytohormone signaling. Consequently, the phytohormone-regulated production of defensive compounds like glucosinolates is also antagonistically mediated by both CMLs. The finding that CML37 and CML42 have antagonistic roles in diverse stress-related responses suggests that these calcium sensor proteins represent important tools for the plant to balance and fine-tune the signaling and downstream reactions upon environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Heyer
- Research Group Plant Defense Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Sandra S Scholz
- Department for Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute, Friedrich Schiller University, Dornburger Straße 159, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Reichelt
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Grit Kunert
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Ralf Oelmüller
- Department for Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute, Friedrich Schiller University, Dornburger Straße 159, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Axel Mithöfer
- Research Group Plant Defense Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745, Jena, Germany.
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5
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Steinbrenner AD, Saldivar E, Hodges N, Guayazán-Palacios N, Chaparro AF, Schmelz EA. Signatures of plant defense response specificity mediated by herbivore-associated molecular patterns in legumes. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 110:1255-1270. [PMID: 35315556 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Chewing herbivores activate plant defense responses through a combination of mechanical wounding and elicitation by herbivore-associated molecular patterns (HAMPs). HAMPs are wound response amplifiers; however, specific defense outputs may also exist that strictly require HAMP-mediated defense signaling. To investigate HAMP-mediated signaling and defense responses, we characterized cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) transcriptome changes following elicitation by inceptin, a peptide HAMP common in Lepidoptera larvae oral secretions. Following inceptin treatment, we observed large-scale reprogramming of the transcriptome consistent with three different response categories: (i) amplification of mechanical wound responses, (ii) temporal extension through accelerated or prolonged responses, and (iii) examples of inceptin-specific elicitation and suppression. At both early and late timepoints, namely 1 and 6 h, large sets of transcripts specifically accumulated following inceptin elicitation. Further early inceptin-regulated transcripts were classified as reversing changes induced by wounding alone. Within key signaling- and defense-related gene families, inceptin-elicited responses included target subsets of wound-induced transcripts. Transcripts displaying the largest inceptin-elicited fold changes included transcripts encoding terpene synthases (TPSs) and peroxidases (POXs) that correspond with induced volatile production and increased POX activity in cowpea. Characterization of inceptin-elicited cowpea defenses via heterologous expression in Nicotiana benthamiana demonstrated that specific cowpea TPSs and POXs were able to confer terpene emission and the reduced growth of beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) herbivores, respectively. Collectively, our present findings in cowpea support a model where HAMP elicitation both amplifies concurrent wound responses and specifically contributes to the activation of selective outputs associated with direct and indirect antiherbivore defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam D Steinbrenner
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Washington Research Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Evan Saldivar
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Nile Hodges
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Eric A Schmelz
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Malabarba J, Meents AK, Reichelt M, Scholz SS, Peiter E, Rachowka J, Konopka-Postupolska D, Wilkins KA, Davies JM, Oelmüller R, Mithöfer A. ANNEXIN1 mediates calcium-dependent systemic defense in Arabidopsis plants upon herbivory and wounding. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:243-254. [PMID: 33586181 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Cellular calcium (Ca) transients are endogenous signals involved in local and systemic signaling and defense activation upon environmental stress, including wounding and herbivory. Still, not all Ca2+ channels contributing to the signaling have been identified, nor are their modes of action fully known. Plant annexins are proteins capable of binding to anionic phospholipids and can exhibit Ca channel-like activity. Arabidopsis ANNEXIN1 (ANN1) is suggested to contribute to Ca transport. Here, we report that wounding and simulated-herbivory-induced cytosolic free Ca elevation was impaired in systemic leaves in ann1 loss-of-function plants. We provide evidence for a role of ANN1 in local and systemic defense of plants attacked by herbivorous Spodoptera littoralis larvae. Bioassays identified ANN1 as a positive defense regulator. Spodoptera littoralis feeding on ann1 gained significantly more weight than larvae feeding on wild-type, whereas those feeding on ANN1-overexpressing lines gained less weight. Herbivory and wounding both induced defense-related responses on treated leaves, such as jasmonate accumulation and defense gene expression. These responses remained local and were strongly reduced in systemic leaves in ann1 plants. Our results indicate that ANN1 plays an important role in activation of systemic rather than local defense in plants attacked by herbivorous insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaiana Malabarba
- Research Group Plant Defense Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, 07745, Germany
- Postgraduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Biotechnology Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90040-060, Brazil
| | - Anja K Meents
- Research Group Plant Defense Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, 07745, Germany
- Plant Physiology, Matthias-Schleiden-Institute for Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Michael Reichelt
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Sandra S Scholz
- Plant Physiology, Matthias-Schleiden-Institute for Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Edgar Peiter
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences III, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany
| | - Julia Rachowka
- Plant Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, 02-106, Poland
| | - Dorota Konopka-Postupolska
- Plant Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, 02-106, Poland
| | - Katie A Wilkins
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB24 6DG, UK
| | - Julia M Davies
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB24 6DG, UK
| | - Ralf Oelmüller
- Plant Physiology, Matthias-Schleiden-Institute for Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Axel Mithöfer
- Research Group Plant Defense Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, 07745, Germany
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7
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Takeda N, Takata A, Arai Y, Sasaya K, Noyama S, Wakisaka S, Ghazy NA, Voigt D, Suzuki T. A vegetable oil-based biopesticide with ovicidal activity against the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch. Eng Life Sci 2020; 20:525-534. [PMID: 33204239 PMCID: PMC7645644 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202000042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A recently developed biopesticide made of safflower and cottonseed oils has excellent ovicidal activity against the hard-to-control spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae). It has attracted attention as a sustainable treatment for controlling T. urticae because it has low potential for promoting resistance and little effect on the predatory mite Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) (Acari: Phytoseiidae), which is an important natural enemy of spider mites. Here, we investigated the mechanism of its ovicidal activity against T. urticae. The oil droplets in the oil-in-water emulsion of the biopesticide strongly adhered to T. urticae eggs, seeped through the chorion being cut during hatching, and inhibited the embryonic rotational movement necessary for cutting and hatching. No adverse effect was observed on N. californicus eggs even in undiluted biopesticide. We conclude that this biopesticide and N. californicus can be used simultaneously in the integrated management of T. urticae in oily biopesticide-tolerant plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Takeda
- Graduate School of Bio‐Applications and Systems EngineeringTokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyKoganeiTokyoJapan
| | - Ayumi Takata
- Graduate School of Bio‐Applications and Systems EngineeringTokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyKoganeiTokyoJapan
| | - Yuka Arai
- Graduate School of Bio‐Applications and Systems EngineeringTokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyKoganeiTokyoJapan
| | - Kazuhiro Sasaya
- Graduate School of Bio‐Applications and Systems EngineeringTokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyKoganeiTokyoJapan
- Kanagawa Agricultural Technology CenterHiratsukaKanagawaJapan
| | - Shimpei Noyama
- Graduate School of Bio‐Applications and Systems EngineeringTokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyKoganeiTokyoJapan
- OAT Agrio Co., Ltd.NarutoTokushimaJapan
| | | | - Noureldin Abuelfadl Ghazy
- Graduate School of Bio‐Applications and Systems EngineeringTokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyKoganeiTokyoJapan
- Agriculture Zoology DepartmentFaculty of AgricultureMansoura UniversityEl‐MansouraEgypt
- Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceChiyodaTokyoJapan
| | - Dagmar Voigt
- Institute for BotanyFaculty of BiologyTechnische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Takeshi Suzuki
- Graduate School of Bio‐Applications and Systems EngineeringTokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyKoganeiTokyoJapan
- Institute of Global Innovation ResearchTokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyKoganeiTokyoJapan
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Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Responses of Rice Plants to Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Caterpillar Infestation. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11100705. [PMID: 33076419 PMCID: PMC7602657 DOI: 10.3390/insects11100705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The transcriptomic and metabolomic differences in rice leaves after infestation by the rice leaf folder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis were investigated for better understanding of the mechanisms of rice defenses against this species. The results suggest that C. medinalis infestation can induce rapid and precise defense responses involved in many primary and secondary metabolic processes in rice leaves, and the jasmonic acid (JA)-dependent signaling pathway plays vital roles in the response of rice plants to this pest species. These results provide comprehensive insights into the defense system of rice to the rice leaf folder and may facilitate the development of insect-resistant rice varieties by identifying molecular targets for selection. Abstract Interactions between plants and insect herbivores are important determinants of plant productivity in cultivated and natural agricultural fields. The rice leaf folder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis) causes tremendous damage to rice production in Asian countries. However, little information is available about how rice plants defend themselves against this destructive pest at molecular and biochemical levels. Here, we observed the transcriptomic and metabolomic differences in rice leaves after 0, 1, 6, 12, and 24 h of being fed by C. medinalis using RNA sequencing and metabolome profiling. Transcriptional analyses showed that gene expression responds rapidly to leaf folder infestation, with the most significant transcriptional changes occurring within 6 h after the initiation of feeding. Metabolite abundance changed more slowly than gene expression. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses indicated that the rice transcriptional response to infestation involved genes encoding protein kinases, transcription factors, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, photosynthesis, and phytohormone signaling. Moreover, the jasmonic acid-dependent signaling pathway triggered by leaf folder herbivory played a vital role in rice defense against this pest. Taken together, our results provide comprehensive insights into the defense system of rice to this species and may inform the development of insect-resistant rice varieties.
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Zhang Q, Hou C, Tian Y, Tang M, Feng C, Ren Z, Song J, Wang X, Li T, Li M, Tian W, Qiu J, Liu L, Li L. Interaction Between AtCML9 and AtMLO10 Regulates Pollen Tube Development and Seed Setting. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1119. [PMID: 32793269 PMCID: PMC7394235 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In higher-plant reproduction, the compatibility of pollen tube germination in the pistil is essential for successful double fertilization. It has been reported that Mildew Locus O (MLO) family gene NTA (MLO7), expressing in synergid cells, can correctly guide pollen tubes. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the interacting partners to MLOs in the fertilization is still unknown. In our study, we identified the direct protein interaction between CML9 and MLO10 within a non-canonical CaMBD. In GUS reporter assays, CML9 expresses in a high level in pollens, whereas MLO10 can be specifically detected in stigma which reaches up to a peaking level before fertilization. Therefore, the spatio-temporal expression patterns of MLO10 and CML9 are required for the time-window of pollination. When we observed the pollen germination in vitro, two cml9 mutant alleles dramatically reduced germination rate by 15% compared to wild-type. Consistently, the elongation rate of pollen tubes in planta was obviously slow while manually pollinating cml9-1 pollens to mlo10-1 stigmas. Additionally, cml9-1 mlo10-1 double mutant alleles had relatively lower rate of seed setting. Taken together, protein interaction between MLO10 and CML9 is supposed to affect pollen tube elongation and further affect seed development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Congcong Hou
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Yudan Tian
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Mitianguo Tang
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Changxin Feng
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijie Ren
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Jiali Song
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Tiange Li
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Mengou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wang Tian
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Jinlong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liangyu Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Legong Li
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing, China
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10
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Ritter M, Oetama VSP, Schulze D, Muetzlaff K, Meents AK, Seidel RA, Görls H, Westerhausen M, Boland W, Pohnert G. Pyrrolic and Dipyrrolic Chlorophyll Degradation Products in Plants and Herbivores. Chemistry 2020; 26:6205-6213. [PMID: 31971638 PMCID: PMC7318184 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The degradation of chlorophyll, the omnipresent green pigment, has been investigated intensively over the last 30 years resulting in many elucidated tetrapyrrolic degradation products. With a comparison to the degradation of the structurally similar heme, we hereby propose a novel additional chlorophyll degradation mechanism to mono- and dipyrrolic products. This is the first proof of the occurrence of a family of mono- and dipyrrols in leaves that are previously only known as heme degradation products. This product family is also found in spit and feces of herbivores with specific metabolomic patterns reflecting the origin of the samples. Based on chromatographic and mass spectrometric evidence as well as on mechanistic considerations we also suggest several tentative new degradation products. One of them, dihydro BOX A, was fully confirmed as a novel natural product by synthesis and comparison of its spectroscopic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Ritter
- Friedrich Schiller University JenaInstitute of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryLessingstr. 807743JenaGermany
| | | | - Daniel Schulze
- Friedrich Schiller University JenaInstitute of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryHumboldtstr. 807743JenaGermany
| | - Katrin Muetzlaff
- Friedrich Schiller University JenaInstitute of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryLessingstr. 807743JenaGermany
| | - Anja K. Meents
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyHans-Knöll-Str. 807745JenaGermany
| | - Raphael A. Seidel
- Friedrich Schiller University JenaInstitute of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryLessingstr. 807743JenaGermany
| | - Helmar Görls
- Friedrich Schiller University JenaInstitute of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryHumboldtstr. 807743JenaGermany
| | - Matthias Westerhausen
- Friedrich Schiller University JenaInstitute of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryHumboldtstr. 807743JenaGermany
| | - Wilhelm Boland
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyHans-Knöll-Str. 807745JenaGermany
| | - Georg Pohnert
- Friedrich Schiller University JenaInstitute of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryLessingstr. 807743JenaGermany
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyHans-Knöll-Str. 807745JenaGermany
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11
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Heyer M, Reichelt M, Mithöfer A. A Holistic Approach to Analyze Systemic Jasmonate Accumulation in Individual Leaves of Arabidopsis Rosettes Upon Wounding. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1569. [PMID: 30425725 PMCID: PMC6218591 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones, especially jasmonates, are known to be mediators of the plant responses to wounding and herbivore feeding. Their role in such stress responses has been largely studied locally in treated leaves. However, less is known about the induced systemic distribution of phytohormone signals upon these kinds of stresses. Here, a holistic approach was performed in order to investigate the systemic phytohormone pattern in the rosette of Arabidopsis thaliana after herbivore-related wounding. Levels of different stress-related phytohormones such as jasmonates, abscisic acid, and salicylic acid were analyzed in individual leaves. We demonstrate that the typically used sampling method, where leaves are first cut and immediately frozen, causes false-positive results since cutting already induces systemic jasmonate elevations within less than 1.6 min. Therefore, this approach is not suitable to study systemic phytohormone changes in the whole plant. By developing a new method where leaves are frozen first and subsequently cut, sampling-induced phytohormone elevations could be reduced. Using this new method, we show that jasmonic acid and its active isoleucine conjugate (jasmonoyl-isoleucine) are involved in the fast systemic wound response of Arabidopsis. A systemic induction of the jasmonates' precursor, 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid, was not observed throughout our treatments. The systemic phytohormone distribution pattern is strongly linked to the vascular connections between the leaves, providing further evidence that the vascular system is used for long distance-signaling in Arabidopsis. Besides already known vascular connections, we also demonstrate that the systemic distribution of jasmonate signals can be extended to distant leaves, which are systemically but indirectly connected via another vascularly connected leaf. This holistic approach covering almost the whole Arabidopsis rosette introduces a method to overcome false-positive results in systemic phytohormone determinations and demonstrates that wounding-induced long-distance signaling includes fast changes in jasmonate levels in systemic, non-treated leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Heyer
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Reichelt
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Axel Mithöfer
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
- *Correspondence: Axel Mithöfer,
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