1
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Tunset ME, Haslene-Hox H, Van Den Bossche T, Maleki S, Vaaler A, Kondziella D. Blood-borne extracellular vesicles of bacteria and intestinal cells in patients with psychotic disorders. Nord J Psychiatry 2023; 77:686-695. [PMID: 37354486 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2023.2223572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human cells and bacteria secrete extracellular vesicles (EV) which play a role in intercellular communication. EV from the host intestinal epithelium are involved in the regulation of bacterial gene expression and growth. Bacterial EV (bactEV) produced in the intestine can pass to various tissues where they deliver biomolecules to many kinds of cells, including neurons. Emerging data indicate that gut microbiota is altered in patients with psychotic disorders. We hypothesized that the amount and content of blood-borne EV from intestinal cells and bactEV in psychotic patients would differ from healthy controls. METHODS We analyzed for human intestinal proteins by proteomics, for bactEV by metaproteomic analysis, and by measuring the level of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in blood-borne EV from patients with psychotic disorders (n = 25), tested twice, in the acute phase of psychosis and after improvement, with age- and sex-matched healthy controls (n = 25). RESULTS Patients with psychotic disorders had lower LPS levels in their EV compared to healthy controls (p = .027). Metaproteome analyses confirmed LPS finding and identified Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes as dominating phyla. Total amounts of human intestine proteins in EV isolated from blood was lower in patients compared to controls (p = .02). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that bactEV and host intestinal EV are decreased in patients with psychosis and that this topic is worthy of further investigation given potential pathophysiological implications. Possible mechanisms involve dysregulation of the gut microbiota by host EV, altered translocation of bactEV to systemic circulation where bactEV can interact with both the brain and the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Elise Tunset
- Department of Psychosis and Rehabilitation, Psychiatry Clinic, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hanne Haslene-Hox
- Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, SINTEF, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tim Van Den Bossche
- VIB - UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Susan Maleki
- Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, SINTEF, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Arne Vaaler
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Acute Psychiatry, Psychiatry Clinic, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Daniel Kondziella
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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2
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Honda T, Inagawa H. Utility of In Vitro Cellular Models of Low-Dose Lipopolysaccharide in Elucidating the Mechanisms of Anti-Inflammatory and Wound-Healing-Promoting Effects of Lipopolysaccharide Administration In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14387. [PMID: 37762690 PMCID: PMC10532185 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a bacterial component that activates intracellular signaling pathways upon binding to the Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4/MD-2 complex. It is well known that LPS injected into animals and high-dose (100 ng/mL to 1 μg/mL) LPS treatment to innate immune cells induce an inflammatory response. In contrast, LPS is naturally present in the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, and skin of humans and animals, and it has been shown that TLR-4-deficient animals cannot maintain their immune balance and gut homeostasis. LPS from commensal bacteria can help maintain homeostasis against mucosal stimulation in healthy individuals. Oral LPS administration has been shown to be effective in preventing allergic and lifestyle-related diseases. However, this effect was not observed after treatment with LPS at high doses. In mice, oral LPS administration resulted in the detection of LPS at a low concentration in the peritoneal fluid. Therefore, LPS administered at low and high doses have different effects. Moreover, the results of in vitro experiments using low-dose LPS may reflect the effects of oral LPS administration. This review summarizes the utility of in vitro models using cells stimulated with LPS at low concentrations (50 pg/mL to 50 ng/mL) in elucidating the mechanisms of oral LPS administration. Low-dose LPS administration has been demonstrated to suppress the upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines and promote wound healing, suggesting that LPS is a potential agent that can be used for the treatment and prevention of lifestyle-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruko Honda
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University, Sagamihara 252-5201, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Inagawa
- Research Institute for Healthy Living, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata 956-0841, Japan;
- Control of Innate Immunity, Collaborative Innovation Partnership, Takamatsu 761-0301, Japan
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3
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Azizi F, Ghasemi R, EbrahimiBarough S, Ardalan M, Hadjighassem M. Effect of multifactorial therapeutic approach on axonal regeneration and cell viability in an in-vitro model of spinal-derived neural injury. Cell Tissue Bank 2023; 24:471-484. [PMID: 36396867 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-022-10047-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The highly debilitated nature of spinal cord injuries (SCI) creates an inhibitory repair environment that limits the recovery rate and therefore single interventional treatment has been resulted in incomplete recovery. A multifactorial approach that combines several therapeutic approaches may address diverse aspects of SCI pathology and enhance the recovery rate over single therapy. Accordingly, in this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of combined olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) (to transport trophic factor, mediate immunomodulation, provide a suitable environment for cell survival), G-CSF (to establish a favorable environment for cell survival) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (to boost the protective activity of OEC) therapy on the cell viability after a scratch injury caused by a cataract knife on cells in an in-vitro model of spinal-derived neural injury. In this study, we used mixed neuronal-glial cultures, which are widely used for an in vitro study of neuronal damage. Scratch insult was made on cells using a cataract knife. The cells were divided into 8 groups (two control groups with and without olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) treatment, injury group, three injury groups with single therapy by using super low dose of LPS (SLD-LPS) (100 pg/ml), OEC group, and G-CSF (100 ng/ml) group, and two injury groups with combined therapy (OEC with SLD-LPS and with all three treatments)). We found a significant decrease in the survival rate of injured cells (p < 0.001) 24 h after scratching insult. Our results indicated morphological alterations in cells in the acute phase (1, 2 and 6 h) after injury, with significant increased gap size at 6 h after induction of injury. Our combined therapy, significantly prevented cell death and decreased the size of the gap over time. We found that combined therapy promoted cell survival following spinal injury by providing a neuroprotective environment for cells. Therefore, our findings provide new insight into the combined therapy, which can be considered for promising preclinical therapeutic strategy for SCI toward clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Azizi
- Department of neuroscience and addiction studies, School of advanced technologies in medicine, Tehran University of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasoul Ghasemi
- Department of Physiology and Neurophysiology research center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh EbrahimiBarough
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Ardalan
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mahmoudreza Hadjighassem
- Brain and spinal cord research center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of neuroscience and addiction studies, School of advanced technologies in medicine, Tehran University of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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4
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Takeuchi K, Kazumura K, Yoshida A, Furuta T, Hayashi K, Nagai M, Hatano Y, Naito M, Matsushita E. Comparison of the oxidative profiles before and after revascularization in peripheral arterial disease: a pilot study. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2023; 72:278-288. [PMID: 37251959 PMCID: PMC10209599 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.22-109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Reactive and highly reactive oxygen species (ROS and hROS) produced by white blood cells are essential for innate immunity; however, they may cause oxidative stress in the host. We developed systems for simultaneously monitoring ROS and hROS, i.e., superoxide radicals (O2•-) and hypochlorite ions (OCl-) secreted from stimulated white blood cells in a few microliters of whole blood. We previously reported on the evaluation of healthy volunteers' blood using the developed system; however, whether patients' blood can be assessed remains unclear. Here, we report a pilot study of 30 cases (28 patients) with peripheral arterial disease, in whom we measured the ROS and hROS levels before and approximately one month after endovascular treatment (EVT) using the system (CFL-H2200) that we developed. At approximately the same time points, physiological indices of blood vessels, oxidative stress markers, and standard clinical parameters in the blood were also monitored. The ankle-brachial index, a diagnostic tool for peripheral arterial disease, was significantly improved after EVT (p<0.001). The ROS-hROS ratio, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and hematocrit levels were decreased after EVT (p<0.05), while triglyceride and lymphocyte levels were increased after EVT (p<0.05). The correlations between the study parameters were also analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kozo Takeuchi
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., 5000 Hirakuchi, Hamakita-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 434-8601, Japan
| | - Kimiko Kazumura
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., 5000 Hirakuchi, Hamakita-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 434-8601, Japan
- Global Strategic Challenge Center, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., 5000 Hirakuchi, Hamakita-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 434-8601, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yoshida
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nakatsugawa Municipal General Hospital, 1522-1 Komaba, Nakatsugawa, Gifu 508-8502, Japan
| | - Tappei Furuta
- Department of Cardiology, Nakatsugawa Municipal General Hospital, 1522-1 Komaba, Nakatsugawa, Gifu 508-8502, Japan
| | - Kazunori Hayashi
- Department of Cardiology, Nakatsugawa Municipal General Hospital, 1522-1 Komaba, Nakatsugawa, Gifu 508-8502, Japan
| | - Masashi Nagai
- Research and Development Division, Healthcare Systems Co. Ltd., 1-14-18 Shirakane, Shouwa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-0058, Japan
| | - Yukiko Hatano
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., 5000 Hirakuchi, Hamakita-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 434-8601, Japan
- Global Strategic Challenge Center, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., 5000 Hirakuchi, Hamakita-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 434-8601, Japan
| | - Michitaka Naito
- Department of Human Nutrition, School of Life Studies, Sugiyama Jogakuen University, 17-3 Hoshigaoka-motomachi, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8662, Japan
| | - Etsushi Matsushita
- Department of Cardiology, Nakatsugawa Municipal General Hospital, 1522-1 Komaba, Nakatsugawa, Gifu 508-8502, Japan
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5
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Mizobuchi H. Oral route lipopolysaccharide as a potential dementia preventive agent inducing neuroprotective microglia. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1110583. [PMID: 36969154 PMCID: PMC10033586 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1110583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In today’s aging society, dementia is an urgent problem to be solved because no treatment or preventive methods have been established. This review focuses on oral administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an outer membrane component of Gram-negative bacteria, as a novel preventive drug for dementia. LPS is also called endotoxin and is well known to induce inflammation when administered systemically. On the other hand, although we humans routinely ingest LPS derived from symbiotic bacteria of edible plants, the effect of oral administration of LPS has hardly been studied. Recently, oral administration of LPS was reported to prevent dementia by inducing neuroprotective microglia. Furthermore, it has been suggested that colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) is involved in the dementia prevention mechanism by oral administration of LPS. Thus, in this review, we summarized the previous studies of oral administration of LPS and discussed the predicted dementia prevention mechanism. In addition, we showed the potential of oral LPS administration as a preventive drug for dementia by highlighting research gaps and future issues for clinical application development.
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6
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Yamamoto K, Yamashita M, Oda M, Tjendana Tjhin V, Inagawa H, Soma GI. Oral Administration of Lipopolysaccharide Enhances Insulin Signaling-Related Factors in the KK/Ay Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054619. [PMID: 36902049 PMCID: PMC10003108 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an endotoxin, induces systemic inflammation by injection and is thought to be a causative agent of chronic inflammatory diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, our previous studies found that oral LPS administration does not exacerbate T2DM conditions in KK/Ay mice, which is the opposite of the response from LPS injection. Therefore, this study aims to confirm that oral LPS administration does not aggravate T2DM and to investigate the possible mechanisms. In this study, KK/Ay mice with T2DM were orally administered LPS (1 mg/kg BW/day) for 8 weeks, and blood glucose parameters before and after oral administration were compared. Abnormal glucose tolerance, insulin resistance progression, and progression of T2DM symptoms were suppressed by oral LPS administration. Furthermore, the expressions of factors involved in insulin signaling, such as insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate 1, thymoma viral proto-oncogene, and glucose transporter type 4, were upregulated in the adipose tissues of KK/Ay mice, where this effect was observed. For the first time, oral LPS administration induces the expression of adiponectin in adipose tissues, which is involved in the increased expression of these molecules. Briefly, oral LPS administration may prevent T2DM by inducing an increase in the expressions of insulin signaling-related factors based on adiponectin production in adipose tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazushi Yamamoto
- Control of Innate Immunity, Technology Research Association, Takamatsu 761-0301, Japan
| | - Masashi Yamashita
- Control of Innate Immunity, Technology Research Association, Takamatsu 761-0301, Japan
| | - Masataka Oda
- Control of Innate Immunity, Technology Research Association, Takamatsu 761-0301, Japan
| | - Vindy Tjendana Tjhin
- Control of Innate Immunity, Technology Research Association, Takamatsu 761-0301, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Inagawa
- Control of Innate Immunity, Technology Research Association, Takamatsu 761-0301, Japan
- Research Institute for Healthy Living, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata 956-0841, Japan
| | - Gen-Ichiro Soma
- Control of Innate Immunity, Technology Research Association, Takamatsu 761-0301, Japan
- Research Institute for Healthy Living, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata 956-0841, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-87-813-9201
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7
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Zhao T, Yang B, Li H, Hao Z, Cong W, Kang Y. Lp-pPG-611.1-LPS as an immune enhancer provides effective protection against Aeromonas veronii infection in Carassius auratus. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2023; 1520:115-126. [PMID: 36477764 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aeromonas veronii (A. veronii) is an important zoonotic pathogen that causes substantial economic losses in aquaculture. In this study, we aimed to develop a safe and effective immune enhancer to protect Carassius auratus (C. auratus) from A. veronii infections. With recognized safety, lactic acid bacteria are used as antigen delivery vehicles to present antigens. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a protective antigen, induces immune responses in animals. Therefore, we created recombinant Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) with surface-displayed LPS of A. veronii TH0426 and tested its effects on immune responses in C. auratus. The results showed that recombinant L. plantarum Lp-pPG-611.1-LPS, as an immune enhancer, could improve the innate and adaptive immune responses of C. auratus when it was added to the diet of C. auratus. The challenge test showed that the survival rate of C. auratus fed with L. plantarum Lp-pPG-611.1-LPS was higher than that of the control groups, indicating that the recombinant L. plantarum Lp-pPG-611.1-LPS increased the resistance of C. auratus to A. veronii infection. The present results provide a theoretical basis for the development of recombinant L. plantarum Lp-pPG-611.1-LPS as an immune enhancer in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine/College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Bintong Yang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Hongjin Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine/College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhipeng Hao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Wei Cong
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Yuanhuan Kang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Microecological Preparation, Shandong Baolai-Leelai Bio-Tech Co., Ltd, Tai'an, China
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8
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Mohr AE, Crawford M, Jasbi P, Fessler S, Sweazea KL. Lipopolysaccharide and the gut microbiota: Considering structural variation. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:849-875. [PMID: 35262962 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Systemic inflammation is associated with chronic disease and is purported to be a main pathogenic mechanism underlying metabolic conditions. Microbes harbored in the host gastrointestinal tract release signaling byproducts from their cell wall, such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS), which can act locally and, after crossing the gut barrier and entering circulation, also systemically. Defined as metabolic endotoxemia, elevated concentrations of LPS in circulation are associated with metabolic conditions and chronic disease. As such, measurement of LPS is highly prevalent in animal and human research investigating these states. Indeed, LPS can be a potent stimulant of host immunity but this response depends on the microbial species' origin, a parameter often overlooked in both preclinical and clinical investigations. Indeed, the lipid A portion of LPS is mutable and comprises the main virulence and endotoxic component, thus contributing to the structural and functional diversity among LPSs from microbial species. In this review, we discuss how such structural differences in LPS can induce differential immunological responses in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex E Mohr
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Meli'sa Crawford
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Riverside, California, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Paniz Jasbi
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Samantha Fessler
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Karen L Sweazea
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America.,School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
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9
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Mizobuchi H, Soma GI. Low-dose lipopolysaccharide as an immune regulator for homeostasis maintenance in the central nervous system through transformation to neuroprotective microglia. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:1928-1934. [PMID: 33642362 PMCID: PMC8343302 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.308067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia, which are tissue-resident macrophages in the brain, play a central role in the brain innate immunity and contribute to the maintenance of brain homeostasis. Lipopolysaccharide is a component of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria, and activates immune cells including microglia via Toll-like receptor 4 signaling. Lipopolysaccharide is generally known as an endotoxin, as administration of high-dose lipopolysaccharide induces potent systemic inflammation. Also, it has long been recognized that lipopolysaccharide exacerbates neuroinflammation. In contrast, our study revealed that oral administration of lipopolysaccharide ameliorates Alzheimer's disease pathology and suggested that neuroprotective microglia are involved in this phenomenon. Additionally, other recent studies have accumulated evidence demonstrating that controlled immune training with low-dose lipopolysaccharide prevents neuronal damage by transforming the microglia into a neuroprotective phenotype. Therefore, lipopolysaccharide may not a mere inflammatory inducer, but an immunomodulator that can lead to neuroprotective effects in the brain. In this review, we summarized current studies regarding neuroprotective microglia transformed by immune training with lipopolysaccharide. We state that microglia transformed by lipopolysaccharide preconditioning cannot simply be characterized by their general suppression of proinflammatory mediators and general promotion of anti-inflammatory mediators, but instead must be described by their complex profile comprising various molecules related to inflammatory regulation, phagocytosis, neuroprotection, anti-apoptosis, and antioxidation. In addition, microglial transformation seems to depend on the dose of lipopolysaccharide used during immune training. Immune training of neuroprotective microglia using low-dose lipopolysaccharide, especially through oral lipopolysaccharide administration, may represent an innovative prevention or treatment for neurological diseases; however more vigorous studies are still required to properly modulate these treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Mizobuchi
- Control of Innate Immunity, Technology Research Association, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Gen-Ichiro Soma
- Control of Innate Immunity, Technology Research Association, Kagawa, Japan
- Macrophi Inc., Kagawa, Japan
- Research Institute for Healthy Living, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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10
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Mizobuchi H, Yamamoto K, Yamashita M, Nakata Y, Inagawa H, Kohchi C, Soma GI. Prevention of Diabetes-Associated Cognitive Dysfunction Through Oral Administration of Lipopolysaccharide Derived From Pantoea agglomerans. Front Immunol 2021; 12:650176. [PMID: 34512619 PMCID: PMC8429836 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.650176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes-related cognitive dysfunction (DRCD) is a serious complication induced by diabetes. However, there are currently no specific remedies for DRCD. Here, we show that streptozotocin-induced DRCD can be prevented without causing side effects through oral administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from Pantoea agglomerans. Oral administration of LPS (OAL) prevented the cerebral cortex atrophy and tau phosphorylation induced by DRCD. Moreover, we observed that neuroprotective transformation of microglia (brain tissue-resident macrophages) is important for preventing DRCD through OAL. These findings are contrary to the general recognition of LPS as an inflammatory agent when injected systemically. Furthermore, our results strongly suggest that OAL promotes membrane-bound colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) expression on peripheral leukocytes, which activates the CSF1 receptor on microglia, leading to their transformation to the neuroprotective phenotype. Taken together, the present study indicates that controlling innate immune modulation through the simple and safe strategy of OAL can be an innovative prophylaxis for intractable neurological diseases such as DRCD. In a sense, for modern people living in an LPS-depleted environment, OAL is like a time machine that returns microglia to the good old LPS-abundant era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Mizobuchi
- Control of Innate Immunity, Collaborative Innovation Partnership, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Kazushi Yamamoto
- Control of Innate Immunity, Collaborative Innovation Partnership, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Masashi Yamashita
- Control of Innate Immunity, Collaborative Innovation Partnership, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Yoko Nakata
- Research and Development Department Macrophi Inc., Kagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Inagawa
- Control of Innate Immunity, Collaborative Innovation Partnership, Kagawa, Japan.,Research and Development Department Macrophi Inc., Kagawa, Japan.,Research Institute for Healthy Living, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Chie Kohchi
- Control of Innate Immunity, Collaborative Innovation Partnership, Kagawa, Japan.,Research and Development Department Macrophi Inc., Kagawa, Japan
| | - Gen-Ichiro Soma
- Control of Innate Immunity, Collaborative Innovation Partnership, Kagawa, Japan.,Research and Development Department Macrophi Inc., Kagawa, Japan.,Research Institute for Healthy Living, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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11
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Correlation between human health and reactive oxygen species produced in blood: a long-term chemiluminescence and fluorescence analysis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14545. [PMID: 34267248 PMCID: PMC8282623 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93887-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The previous slide-glass type system could simultaneously detect reactive and highly reactive oxygen species, i.e., superoxide radicals (O2−·) and hypochlorite ions (OCl−) elicited from leucocytes in sample blood, but had some drawbacks, i.e., signal noise from air-flow stirring, potential biohazard risks, etc. because of open samples placed on a slide glass. We overcame these drawbacks by adopting a fluidic-chip container in a new system, which resulted in higher sensitivity and more stable measurements. Using the new system, we conducted a pilot study on nominally healthy volunteers to find whether or not the monitored activities of leukocytes can distinguish more or less unhealthy conditions from healthy ones. At first, healthy volunteers of both genders and of various ages showed that the fluctuation magnitudes (%) of O2−· and OCl− were nearly similar to each other and to that of the neutrophil count fluctuation. These parameters sometimes exceeded the healthy fluctuation range. By comparing these large fluctuations with the data of an inflammation marker C-reactive protein (CRP), the neutrophil count fluctuation and the timings/symptoms of abnormalities found in questionnaire, we could gain information suggesting the factors causing the large fluctuations. The new system could detect bodily abnormalities earlier than CRP or self-aware symptoms.
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12
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Yang Y, Li S, Huang H, Lv J, Chen S, Pires Dias AC, Li Y, Liu X, Wang Q. Comparison of the Protective Effects of Ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg1 on Improving Cognitive Deficits in SAMP8 Mice Based on Anti-Neuroinflammation Mechanism. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:834. [PMID: 32587516 PMCID: PMC7298198 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This present study was designed to investigate the different effects of ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg1 on improving cognitive deficits in 4-month-old SAMP8 mice. Mice were divided into six groups, including the SAMP8 group, the SAMP8 + Donepezil (1.6 mg/kg) group, the SAMP8 + Rb1 (30 and 60 µmol/kg), and SAMP8 + Rg1 (30 and 60 µmol/kg) groups. SAMR1 mice of the same age were used as the control group. Ginsenosides and donepezil were administrated orally to animals for 8 weeks, then the learning and memory ability of mice were measured by using Morris water maze (MWM) test, object recognition test and passive avoidance experiments. The possible mechanisms were studied including the anti-glial inflammation of Rb1 and Rg1 using HE staining, immunohistochemistry and western blot experiments. Results revealed that Rb1 and Rg1 treatment significantly improved the discrimination index of SAMP8 mice in the object recognition test. Rb1 (60 µmol/kg) and Rg1 (30, 60 µmol/kg) could significantly shorten the escape latency in the acquisition test of the MWM test in SAMP8 mice. Furthermore, Rb1 and Rg1 treatments effectively reduced the number of errors in the passive avoidance task in SAMP8 mice. Western blot experiments revealed that Rb1 showed higher effect than Rg1 in decreasing protein expression levels of ASC, caspase-1 and Aβ in the hippocampus of SAMP8 mice, while Rg1 was more effective than Rb1 in decreasing the protein levels of iNOS. In addition, although Rb1 and Rg1 treatments showed significant protective effects in repairing neuronal cells loss and inhibiting the activation of astrocyte and microglia in hippocampus of SAMP8 mice, Rb1 was more effective than Rg1. These results suggest that Rb1 and Rg1 could improve the cognitive impairment in SAMP8 mice, and they have different mechanisms for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Yang
- Affiliated TCM Hospital, School of Pharmacy, Sino-Portugal TCM International Cooperation Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Affiliated TCM Hospital, School of Pharmacy, Sino-Portugal TCM International Cooperation Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hong Huang
- Research Center for Pharmacology & Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jingwei Lv
- Research Center for Pharmacology & Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shanguang Chen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Alberto Carlos Pires Dias
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), SINO-PT Research Center, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Yujiao Li
- Affiliated TCM Hospital, School of Pharmacy, Sino-Portugal TCM International Cooperation Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xinmin Liu
- Affiliated TCM Hospital, School of Pharmacy, Sino-Portugal TCM International Cooperation Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Research Center for Pharmacology & Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Affiliated TCM Hospital, School of Pharmacy, Sino-Portugal TCM International Cooperation Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China.,National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
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Uenobe M, Saika T, Waku N, Ohno M, Inagawa H. Efficacy of continuous ingestion of dewaxed brown rice on the cognitive functions of the residents of elderly welfare facilities: A pilot test using crossover trial. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:3520-3526. [PMID: 31763002 PMCID: PMC6848844 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared with regular brown rice, dewaxed brown rice (DBR), prepared by excluding only the wax layer in the outermost layer of brown rice using a new rice milling technique, has improved water absorbency, digestibility, and taste. Dewaxed brown rice has a nutritional value close to that of brown rice and contains a large amount of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), which are known to improve the cognitive function of mice. In this study, we examined the effect of continuous DBR ingestion on the cognitive function of elderly people. A crossover comparison test was performed, in which elderly people who moved into an elderly welfare facility were divided into two groups and ingested DBR or polished white rice for three meals a day for 6 months, followed by a change in test meals for the next 6 months. Cognitive function was assessed using Revised Hasegawa's Dementia Scale (HDS-R) before starting the test and 6 months after ingesting each test meal. No subjects withdrew or discontinued DBR intake during the study period, and all subjects continued the test for 6 months. In subjects with low cognitive function (defined as subjects with HDS-R total score of ≥1 but <10 at the start of the study), there was a significant association between continuous DBR ingestion and cognitive function improvement (increase in total HDS-R score). Our findings suggest that the long-term DBR ingestion as a staple food could be useful for preventing cognitive decline in elderly; it offers an easily implemented option as a daily diet for preventing cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Uenobe
- Department of Food and Health SciencesFaculty of Health and Human DevelopmentThe University of NaganoNaganoJapan
- Course of Nutrition ManagementGraduate School of Human Life ScienceNagoya University of EconomicsAichJapan
| | | | - Natsumi Waku
- Course of Nutrition ManagementGraduate School of Human Life ScienceNagoya University of EconomicsAichJapan
- Social Welfare Corporation Tanpopo Welfare Association TSURU no SatoSpecial Nursing Home for the ElderlyAichJapan
| | - Masae Ohno
- Social Welfare Corporation Nishikasugai Welfare Association Heiann no SatoSpecial Nursing Home for the ElderlyAichJapan
| | - Hiroyuki Inagawa
- Research Institute for Healthy LivingNiigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life SciencesNiigataJapan
- Control of Innate Immunity, Technology Research AssociationKagawaJapan
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Lactobacillus paracasei KW3110 Prevents Blue Light-Induced Inflammation and Degeneration in the Retina. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10121991. [PMID: 30558320 PMCID: PMC6316514 DOI: 10.3390/nu10121991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa are leading causes of blindness and share a pathological feature, which is photoreceptor degeneration. To date, the lack of a potential treatment to prevent such diseases has raised great concern. Photoreceptor degeneration can be accelerated by excessive light exposure via an inflammatory response; therefore, anti-inflammatory agents would be candidates to prevent the progress of photoreceptor degeneration. We previously reported that a lactic acid bacterium, Lactobacillus paracasei KW3110 (L. paracasei KW3110), activated macrophages suppressing inflammation in mice and humans. Recently, we also showed that intake of L. paracasei KW3110 could mitigate visual display terminal (VDT) load-induced ocular disorders in humans. However, the biological mechanism of L. paracasei KW3110 to retain visual function remains unclear. In this study, we found that L. paracasei KW3110 activated M2 macrophages inducing anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) production in vitro using bone marrow-derived M2 macrophages. We also show that IL-10 gene expression was significantly increased in the intestinal immune tissues 6 h after oral administration of L. paracasei KW3110 in vivo. Furthermore, we demonstrated that intake of L. paracasei KW3110 suppressed inflammation and photoreceptor degeneration in a murine model of light-induced retinopathy. These results suggest that L. paracasei KW3110 may have a preventive effect against degrative retinal diseases.
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