1
|
Zhou X, Su W, Bao Q, Cui Y, Li X, Yang Y, Yang C, Wang C, Jiao L, Chen D, Huang J. Nitric Oxide Ameliorates the Effects of Hypoxia in Mice by Regulating Oxygen Transport by Hemoglobin. High Alt Med Biol 2024. [PMID: 38743636 DOI: 10.1089/ham.2023.0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Xiaoying Zhou, Wenting Su, Quanwei Bao, Yu Cui, Xiaoxu Li, Yidong Yang, Chengzhong Yang, Chengyuan Wang, Li Jiao, Dewei Chen, and Jian Huang. Nitric oxide ameliorates the effects of hypoxia in mice by regulating oxygen transport by hemoglobin. High Alt Med Biol. 00:00-00, 2024.-Hypoxia is a common pathological and physiological phenomenon in ischemia, cancer, and strenuous exercise. Nitric oxide (NO) acts as an endothelium-derived relaxing factor in hypoxic vasodilation and serves as an allosteric regulator of hemoglobin (Hb). However, the ultimate effects of NO on the hematological system in vivo remain unknown, especially in extreme environmental hypoxia. Whether NO regulation of the structure of Hb improves oxygen transport remains unclear. Hence, we examined whether NO altered the oxygen affinity of Hb (Hb-O2 affinity) to protect extremely hypoxic mice. Mice were exposed to severe hypoxia with various concentrations of NO, and the survival time, exercise capacity, and other physical indexes were recorded. The survival time was prolonged in the 5 ppm NO (6.09 ± 1.29 minutes) and 10 ppm NO (6.39 ± 1.58 minutes) groups compared with the 0 ppm group (4.98 ± 1.23 minutes). Hypoxia of the brain was relieved, and the exercise exhaustion time was prolonged when mice inhaled 20 ppm NO (24.70 ± 6.87 minutes vs. 20.23 ± 6.51 minutes). In addition, the differences in arterial oxygen saturation (SO2%) (49.64 ± 7.29% vs. 42.90 ± 4.30%) and arteriovenous SO2% difference (25.14 ± 8.95% vs. 18.10 ± 6.90%) obviously increased. In ex vivo experiments, the oxygen equilibrium curve (OEC) left shifted as P50 decreased from 43.77 ± 2.49 mmHg (0 ppm NO) to 40.97 ± 1.40 mmHg (100 ppm NO) and 38.36 ± 2.78 mmHg (200 ppm NO). Furthermore, the Bohr effect of Hb was enhanced by the introduction of 200 ppm NO (-0.72 ± 0.062 vs.-0.65 ± 0.051), possibly allowing Hb to more easily offload oxygen in tissue at lower pH. The crystal structure reveals a greater distance between Asp94β-His146β in nitrosyl -Hb(NO-Hb), NO-HbβCSO93, and S-NitrosoHb(SNO-Hb) compared to tense Hb(T-Hb, 3.7 Å, 4.3 Å, and 5.8 Å respectively, versus 3.5 Å for T-Hb). Moreover, hydrogen bonds were less likely to form, representing a key limitation of relaxed Hb (R-Hb). Upon NO interaction with Hb, hydrogen bonds and salt bridges were less favored, facilitating relaxation. We speculated that NO ameliorated the effects of hypoxia in mice by promoting erythrocyte oxygen loading in the lung and offloading in tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Zhou
- Department of High Altitude Physiology and Pathology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, PLA, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude and Frigidzone Medical Surpport, PLA, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenting Su
- Department of High Altitude Physiology and Pathology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, PLA, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude and Frigidzone Medical Surpport, PLA, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Quanwei Bao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Cui
- Department of High Altitude Physiology and Pathology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, PLA, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude and Frigidzone Medical Surpport, PLA, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoxu Li
- Department of High Altitude Physiology and Pathology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, PLA, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude and Frigidzone Medical Surpport, PLA, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Yidong Yang
- Department of High Altitude Physiology and Pathology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, PLA, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude and Frigidzone Medical Surpport, PLA, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Chengzhong Yang
- Department of High Altitude Physiology and Pathology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, PLA, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude and Frigidzone Medical Surpport, PLA, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Chengyuan Wang
- Department of High Altitude Physiology and Pathology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, PLA, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude and Frigidzone Medical Surpport, PLA, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Jiao
- Department of High Altitude Physiology and Pathology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, PLA, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude and Frigidzone Medical Surpport, PLA, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Dewei Chen
- Department of High Altitude Physiology and Pathology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, PLA, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude and Frigidzone Medical Surpport, PLA, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of High Altitude Physiology and Pathology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, PLA, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude and Frigidzone Medical Surpport, PLA, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Su H, Chen X, Chen S, Guo M, Liu H. Applications of the Whole-Cell System in the Efficient Biosynthesis of Heme. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098384. [PMID: 37176091 PMCID: PMC10179345 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme has a variety of functions, from electronic reactions to binding gases, which makes it useful in medical treatments, dietary supplements, and food processing. In recent years, whole-cell system-based heme biosynthesis methods have been continuously explored and optimized as an alternative to the low-yield, lasting, and adverse ecological environment of chemical synthesis methods. This method relies on two biosynthetic pathways of microbial precursor 5-aminolevulinic acid (C4, C5) and three known downstream biosynthetic pathways of heme. This paper reviews the genetic and metabolic engineering strategies for heme production in recent years by optimizing culture conditions and techniques from different microorganisms. Specifically, we summarized and analyzed the possibility of using biosensors to explore new strategies for the biosynthesis of heme from the perspective of synthetic biology, providing a new direction for future exploration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Su
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Shijing Chen
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Mingzhang Guo
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Huilin Liu
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhuge Z, McCann Haworth S, Nihlén C, Carvalho LRR, Heuser SK, Kleschyov AL, Nasiell J, Cortese-Krott MM, Weitzberg E, Lundberg JO, Carlström M. Red blood cells from endothelial nitric oxide synthase-deficient mice induce vascular dysfunction involving oxidative stress and endothelial arginase I. Redox Biol 2023; 60:102612. [PMID: 36681048 PMCID: PMC9868875 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Nitric oxide bioactivity (NO) from endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) importantly contributes to the maintenance of vascular homeostasis, and reduced eNOS activity has been associated with cardiovascular disease. Emerging evidence suggests interaction(s) between red blood cells (RBCs) and the endothelium in vascular control; however, the specific role of RBC eNOS is less clear. We aimed to investigate the hypothesis that a lack of RBC eNOS induces endothelial dysfunction. METHODS & RESULTS RBCs from global eNOS knockout (KO) and wildtype (WT) mice were co-incubated ex vivo overnight with healthy mouse aortic rings, followed by functional and mechanistic analyses of endothelium-dependent and independent relaxations. RBCs from eNOS KO mice induced endothelial dysfunction and vascular oxidative stress, whereas WT RBC did not. No differences were observed for endothelium-independent relaxations. This eNOS KO RBC-induced endothelial dysfunctional phenotype was prevented by concomitant co-incubation with reactive oxygen species scavenger (TEMPOL), arginase inhibitor (nor-NOHA), NO donor (detaNONOate) and NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) inhibitor. Moreover, vessels from endothelial cell-specific arginase 1 KO mice were resistant to eNOS KO-RBC-induced endothelial dysfunction. Finally, in mice aortae co-incubated with RBCs from women with preeclampsia, we observed a significant reduction in endothelial function compared to when using RBCs from healthy pregnant women or from women with uncomplicated gestational hypertension. CONCLUSIONS RBCs from mice lacking eNOS, and patients with preeclampsia, induce endothelial dysfunction in adjacent blood vessels. Thus, RBC-derived NO bioactivity acts to prevent induction of vascular oxidative stress occurring via RBC NOX4-derived ROS in a vascular arginase-dependent manner. Our data highlight the intrinsic protective role of RBC-derived NO bioactivity in preventing the damaging potential of RBCs. This provides novel insight into the functional relationship between RBCs and the vasculature in health and cardiovascular disease, including preeclampsia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengbing Zhuge
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sarah McCann Haworth
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carina Nihlén
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Sophia K. Heuser
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andrei L. Kleschyov
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Josefine Nasiell
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Miriam M. Cortese-Krott
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Eddie Weitzberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Department of Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jon O. Lundberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mattias Carlström
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Biological Assessment of the NO-Dependent Endothelial Function. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227921. [PMID: 36432022 PMCID: PMC9698916 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is implicated in numerous physiological processes, including vascular homeostasis. Reduced NO bioavailability is a hallmark of endothelial dysfunction, a prequel to many cardiovascular diseases. Biomarkers of an early NO-dependent endothelial dysfunction obtained from routine venous blood sampling would be of great interest but are currently lacking. The direct measurement of circulating NO remains a challenge due by its high reactivity and short half-life. The current techniques measure stable products from the NO signaling pathway or metabolic end products of NO that do not accurately represent its bioavailability and, therefore, endothelial function per se. In this review, we will concentrate on an original technique of low temperature electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy capable to directly measure the 5-α-coordinated heme nitrosyl-hemoglobin in the T (tense) state (5-α-nitrosyl-hemoglobin or HbNO) obtained from fresh venous human erythrocytes. In humans, HbNO reflects the bioavailability of NO formed in the vasculature from vascular endothelial NOS or exogenous NO donors with minor contribution from erythrocyte NOS. The HbNO signal is directly correlated with the vascular endothelial function and inversely correlated with vascular oxidative stress. Pilot studies support the validity of HbNO measurements both for the detection of endothelial dysfunction in asymptomatic subjects and for the monitoring of such dysfunction in patients with known cardiovascular disease. The impact of therapies or the severity of diseases such as COVID-19 infection involving the endothelium could also be monitored and their incumbent risk of complications better predicted through serial measurements of HbNO.
Collapse
|
5
|
Suvorava T, Metry S, Pick S, Kojda G. Alterations in endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity and their relevance to blood pressure. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 205:115256. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
6
|
Nogueira RC, Minnion M, Clark AD, Dyson A, Tanus-Santos JE, Feelisch M. On the origin of nitrosylated hemoglobin in COVID-19: Endothelial NO capture or redox conversion of nitrite?: Experimental results and a cautionary note on challenges in translational research. Redox Biol 2022; 54:102362. [PMID: 35709537 PMCID: PMC9181201 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In blood, the majority of endothelial nitric oxide (NO) is scavenged by oxyhemoglobin, forming nitrate while a small part reacts with dissolved oxygen to nitrite; another fraction may bind to deoxyhemoglobin to generate nitrosylhemoglobin (HbNO) and/or react with a free cysteine to form a nitrosothiol. Circulating nitrite concentrations in healthy individuals are 200-700 nM, and can be even lower in patients with endothelial dysfunction. Those levels are similar to HbNO concentrations ([HbNO]) recently reported, whereby EPR-derived erythrocytic [HbNO] was lower in COVID-19 patients compared to uninfected subjects with similar cardiovascular risk load. We caution the values reported may not reflect true (patho)physiological concentrations but rather originate from complex chemical interactions of endogenous nitrite with hemoglobin and ascorbate/N-acetylcysteine. Using an orthogonal detection method, we find baseline [HbNO] to be in the single-digit nanomolar range; moreover, we find that these antioxidants, added to blood collection tubes to prevent degradation, artificially generate HbNO. Since circulating nitrite also varies with lifestyle, dietary habit and oral bacterial flora, [HbNO] may not reflect endothelial activity alone. Thus, its use as early marker of NO-dependent endothelial dysfunction to stratify COVID-19 patient risk may be premature. Moreover, oxidative stress not only impairs NO formation/bioavailability, but also shifts the chemical landscape into which NO is released, affecting its downstream metabolism. This compromises the endothelium’s role as gatekeeper of tissue nutrient supply and modulator of blood cell function, challenging the body’s ability to maintain redox balance. Further studies are warranted to clarify whether the nature of vascular dysfunction in COVID-19 is solely of endothelial nature or also includes altered erythrocyte function. Nitrosylhemoglobin (HbNO) has recently been suggested as marker of endothelial dysfunction in COVID-19. Blood was processed with N-acetylcysteine + ascorbate to enable detection of endogenous HbNO. We find that addition of NAC + Asc to blood gives rise to artefactual HbNO formation when nitrite is present. Our results suggest this method requires further optimisation before it can be used for stratification of patient risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renato C Nogueira
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil; Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Magdalena Minnion
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Anna D Clark
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK; Southampton NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Alex Dyson
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Medicine Research, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - José E Tanus-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Martin Feelisch
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK; Southampton NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hudkova O, Krysiuk I, Drobot L, Latyshko N. Rhabdomyolysis attenuates activity of semicarbazide sensitive amine oxidase as the marker of nephropathy in diabetic rats. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj94.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
|
8
|
Oxidative stress-induced endothelial dysfunction and decreased vascular nitric oxide in COVID-19 patients. EBioMedicine 2022; 77:103893. [PMID: 35219085 PMCID: PMC8865837 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background SARS-CoV-2 targets endothelial cells through the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor. The resulting endothelial injury induces widespread thrombosis and microangiopathy. Nevertheless, early specific markers of endothelial dysfunction and vascular redox status in COVID-19 patients are currently missing. Methods Observational study including ICU and non-ICU adult COVID-19 patients admitted in hospital for acute respiratory failure, compared with control subjects matched for cardiovascular risk factors similar to ICU COVID-19 patients, and ICU septic shock patients unrelated to COVID-19. Findings Early SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with an imbalance between an exacerbated oxidative stress (plasma peroxides levels in ICU patients vs. controls: 1456.0 ± 400.2 vs 436 ± 272.1 mmol/L; P < 0.05) and a reduced nitric oxide bioavailability proportional to disease severity (5-α-nitrosyl-hemoglobin, HbNO in ICU patients vs. controls: 116.1 ± 62.1 vs. 163.3 ± 46.7 nmol/L; P < 0.05). HbNO levels correlated with oxygenation parameters (PaO2/FiO2 ratio) in COVID-19 patients (R2 = 0.13; P < 0.05). Plasma levels of angiotensin II, aldosterone, renin or serum level of TREM-1 ruled out any hyper-activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system or leucocyte respiratory burst in ICU COVID-19 patients, contrary to septic patients. Interpretation Endothelial oxidative stress with ensuing decreased NO bioavailability appears as a likely pathogenic factor of endothelial dysfunction in ICU COVID-19 patients. A correlation between NO bioavailability and oxygenation parameters is observed in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. These results highlight an urgent need for oriented research leading to a better understanding of the specific endothelial oxidative stress that occurs during SARS-CoV-2. Funding Stated in the acknowledgments section.
Collapse
|
9
|
Characterization of the L-Arginine/Nitric Oxide Pathway and Oxidative Stress in Pediatric Patients with Atopic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042136. [PMID: 35216250 PMCID: PMC8878534 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: L-Arginine (Arg) is a semi-essential amino acid. Constitutive and inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms convert Arg to nitric oxide (NO), a potent vaso- and bronchodilator with multiple biological functions. Atopic dermatitis (AD) and bronchial asthma (BA) are atopic diseases affecting many children globally. Several studies analyzed NO in airways, yet the systemic synthesis of NO in AD and BA in children with BA, AD or both is elusive. Methods: In a multicenter study, blood and urine were obtained from 130 of 302 participating children for the measurement of metabolites of the Arg/NO pathway (BA 31.5%; AD 5.4%; AD + BA 36.1%; attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) 12.3%). In plasma and urine amino acids Arg and homoarginine (hArg), both substrates of NOS, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), both inhibitors of NOS, dimethylamine (DMA), and nitrite and nitrate, were measured by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured in plasma and urine samples to evaluate possible effects of oxidative stress. Results: There were no differences in the Arg/NO pathway between the groups of children with different atopic diseases. In comparison to children with ADHD, children with AD, BA or AD and BA had higher plasma nitrite (p < 0.001) and nitrate (p < 0.001) concentrations, suggesting higher systemic NO synthesis in AD and BA. Urinary excretion of DMA was also higher (p = 0.028) in AD and BA compared to patients with ADHD, suggesting elevated ADMA metabolization. Discussion/Conclusion: The Arg/NO pathway is activated in atopic diseases independent of severity. Systemic NO synthesis is increased in children with an atopic disease. Plasma and urinary MDA levels did not differ between the groups, suggesting no effect of oxidative stress on the Arg/NO pathway in atopic diseases.
Collapse
|
10
|
Leo F, Suvorava T, Heuser SK, Li J, LoBue A, Barbarino F, Piragine E, Schneckmann R, Hutzler B, Good ME, Fernandez BO, Vornholz L, Rogers S, Doctor A, Grandoch M, Stegbauer J, Weitzberg E, Feelisch M, Lundberg JO, Isakson BE, Kelm M, Cortese-Krott MM. Red Blood Cell and Endothelial eNOS Independently Regulate Circulating Nitric Oxide Metabolites and Blood Pressure. Circulation 2021; 144:870-889. [PMID: 34229449 PMCID: PMC8529898 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.049606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Current paradigms suggest that nitric oxide (NO) produced by endothelial cells (ECs) via endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in the vessel wall is the primary regulator of blood flow and blood pressure. However, red blood cells (RBCs) also carry a catalytically active eNOS, but its role is controversial and remains undefined. This study aimed to elucidate the functional significance of red cell eNOS compared to EC eNOS for vascular hemodynamics and NO metabolism. Methods: We generated tissue-specific "loss-" and "gain-of-function" models for eNOS by using cell-specific Cre-induced gene inactivation or reactivation. We created two founder lines carrying a floxed eNOS (eNOSflox/flox) for Cre-inducible knock out (KO), as well as gene construct with an inactivated floxed/inverted exon (eNOSinv/inv) for a Cre-inducible knock in (KI), which respectively allow targeted deletion or reactivation of eNOS in erythroid cells (RBC eNOS KO or RBC eNOS KI mice) or endothelial cells (EC eNOS KO or EC eNOS KI mice). Vascular function, hemodynamics, and NO metabolism were compared ex vivo and in vivo. Results: The EC eNOS KOs exhibited significantly impaired aortic dilatory responses to acetylcholine, loss of flow-mediated dilation (FMD), and increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure. RBC eNOS KO mice showed no alterations in acetylcholine-mediated dilation or FMD but were hypertensive. Treatment with the NOS inhibitor L-NAME further increased blood pressure in RBC eNOS KOs, demonstrating that eNOS in both ECs and RBCs contributes to blood pressure regulation. While both EC eNOS KOs and RBC eNOS KOs had lower plasma nitrite and nitrate concentrations, the levels of bound NO in RBCs were lower in RBC eNOS KOs as compared to EC eNOS KOs. Crucially, reactivation of eNOS in ECs or RBCs rescues the hypertensive phenotype of the eNOSinv/inv mice, while the levels of bound NO were restored only in RBC eNOS KI mice. Conclusions:These data reveal that eNOS in ECs and RBCs contribute independently to blood pressure homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Leo
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tatsiana Suvorava
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Cardiology Pneumology and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sophia K Heuser
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Junjie Li
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anthea LoBue
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Frederik Barbarino
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Eugenia Piragine
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rebekka Schneckmann
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Beate Hutzler
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Miranda E Good
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Bernadette O Fernandez
- Clinical & Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Lukas Vornholz
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stephen Rogers
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, University of Maryland School of Medicine, MD
| | - Allan Doctor
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, University of Maryland School of Medicine, MD
| | - Maria Grandoch
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Johannes Stegbauer
- Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Eddie Weitzberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Feelisch
- Clinical & Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Jon O Lundberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brant E Isakson
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Malte Kelm
- Department of Cardiology Pneumology and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany; CARID, Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Miriam M Cortese-Krott
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Cardiology Pneumology and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
A Three-Month Consumption of Eggs Enriched with ω-3, ω-5 and ω-7 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Significantly Decreases the Waist Circumference of Subjects at Risk of Developing Metabolic Syndrome: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020663. [PMID: 33670720 PMCID: PMC7923083 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), rumenic acid (RmA), and punicic acid (PunA) are claimed to influence several physiological functions including insulin sensitivity, lipid metabolism and inflammatory processes. In this double-blind randomized controlled trial, we investigated the combined effect of ALA, DHA, RmA and PunA on subjects at risk of developing metabolic syndrome. Twenty-four women and men were randomly assigned to two groups. Each day, they consumed two eggs enriched with oleic acid (control group) or enriched with ALA, DHA, RmA, and PunA (test group) for 3 months. The waist circumference decreased significantly (−3.17 cm; p < 0.001) in the test group. There were no major changes in plasma insulin and blood glucose in the two groups. The dietary treatments had no significant effect on endothelial function as measured by peripheral arterial tonometry, although erythrocyte nitrosylated hemoglobin concentrations tended to decrease. The high consumption of eggs induced significant elevations in plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL)- and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (p < 0.001), which did not result in any change in the LDL/HDL ratio in both groups. These results indicate that consumption of eggs enriched with ALA, DHA, RmA and PunA resulted in favorable changes in abdominal obesity without affecting other factors of the metabolic syndrome.
Collapse
|
12
|
How Periodontal Disease and Presence of Nitric Oxide Reducing Oral Bacteria Can Affect Blood Pressure. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207538. [PMID: 33066082 PMCID: PMC7589924 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), a small gaseous and multifunctional signaling molecule, is involved in the maintenance of metabolic and cardiovascular homeostasis. It is endogenously produced in the vascular endothelium by specific enzymes known as NO synthases (NOSs). Subsequently, NO is readily oxidized to nitrite and nitrate. Nitrite is also derived from exogenous inorganic nitrate (NO3) contained in meat, vegetables, and drinking water, resulting in greater plasma NO2 concentration and major reduction in systemic blood pressure (BP). The recycling process of nitrate and nitrite to NO (nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway), known as the enterosalivary cycle of nitrate, is dependent upon oral commensal nitrate-reducing bacteria of the dorsal tongue. Veillonella, Actinomyces, Haemophilus, and Neisseria are the most copious among the nitrate-reducing bacteria. The use of chlorhexidine mouthwashes and tongue cleaning can mitigate the bacterial nitrate-related BP lowering effects. Imbalances in the oral reducing microbiota have been associated with a decrease of NO, promoting endothelial dysfunction, and increased cardiovascular risk. Although there is a relationship between periodontitis and hypertension (HT), the correlation between nitrate-reducing bacteria and HT has been poorly studied. Restoring the oral flora and NO activity by probiotics may be considered a potential therapeutic strategy to treat HT.
Collapse
|
13
|
Masi S, Georgiopoulos G, Chiriacò M, Grassi G, Seravalle G, Savoia C, Volpe M, Taddei S, Rizzoni D, Virdis A. The importance of endothelial dysfunction in resistance artery remodelling and cardiovascular risk. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 116:429-437. [PMID: 31220219 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The relationship between resistance artery remodelling and endothelial function remains unknown. In this study, we assessed (i) the capacity of endothelial function and nitric oxide (NO) availability to provide more information on the severity of resistance artery remodelling than common cardiovascular risk factors in subjects at low or high cardiovascular risk; and (ii) differences between patterns of resistance artery remodelling associated with deficit of NO availability and with exposure to cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS AND RESULTS All analyses were conducted on the microvascular data set of the Italian Society for Arterial Hypertension (SIIA) that includes 356 patients with measures of small resistance arteries remodelling acquired with pressure or wire myography. Information on endothelial function and NO availability were also available in 116 patients. The European Heart Score (HS) was used to define the total cardiovascular risk of each patient. Endothelial function was inversely related with the severity of the resistance artery remodelling, and this association remained significant after adjustment for the HS. By contrast, the HS lost its significant association with the media-to-lumen (M/L) ratio and the media cross-sectional area after adjustment for endothelial function. The strength of these associations was similar in subjects at high and low cardiovascular risk. The addition of endothelial function and NO availability to the HS significantly improved the identification of subjects at more and less severe resistance artery remodelling. A severe deficit of NO availability was associated with hypertrophic remodelling, while a higher HS was more clearly associated with eutrophic remodelling. CONCLUSION Resistance artery endothelial function and NO availability might represent important factors involved in resistance artery remodelling, independently from cardiovascular risk factor exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Masi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56126 Pisa, Italy.,National Centre for Cardiovascular Prevention and Outcomes, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Georgios Georgiopoulos
- First Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Martina Chiriacò
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56126 Pisa, Italy.,Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Guido Grassi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy.,Unit of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Science, IRCCS Multimedica, Sesto san Giovanni, Milan, Italy
| | - Gino Seravalle
- Cardiology Unit, Fondazione Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Ospedale S. Luca, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Carmine Savoia
- Cardiology Division, Clinical and Molecular Medicine Department, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Volpe
- Cardiology Division, Clinical and Molecular Medicine Department, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed - Mediterranean Neurological Institute, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Stefano Taddei
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Damiano Rizzoni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Clinica Medica, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,Division of Medicine, Istituto Clinico Città di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Agostino Virdis
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bahadoran Z, Carlström M, Mirmiran P, Ghasemi A. Nitric oxide: To be or not to be an endocrine hormone? Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 229:e13443. [PMID: 31944587 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), a highly reactive gasotransmitter, is critical for a number of cellular processes and has multiple biological functions. Due to its limited lifetime and diffusion distance, NO has been mainly believed to act in autocrine/paracrine fashion. The increasingly recognized effects of pharmacologically delivered and endogenous NO at a distant site have changed the conventional wisdom and introduced NO as an endocrine signalling molecule. The notion is greatly supported by the detection of a number of NO adducts and their circulatory cycles, which in turn contribute to the transport and delivery of NO bioactivity, remote from the sites of its synthesis. The existence of endocrine sites of synthesis, negative feedback regulation of biosynthesis, integrated storage and transport systems, having an exclusive receptor, that is, soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), and organized circadian rhythmicity make NO something beyond a simple autocrine/paracrine signalling molecule that could qualify for being an endocrine signalling molecule. Here, we discuss hormonal features of NO from the classical endocrine point of view and review available knowledge supporting NO as a true endocrine hormone. This new insight can provide a new framework within which to reinterpret NO biology and its clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Bahadoran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Mattias Carlström
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Asghar Ghasemi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Dei Zotti F, Verdoy R, Brusa D, Lobysheva II, Balligand JL. Redox regulation of nitrosyl-hemoglobin in human erythrocytes. Redox Biol 2019; 34:101399. [PMID: 31838004 PMCID: PMC7327715 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress perturbs vascular homeostasis leading to endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases. Vascular reactive oxygen species (ROS) reduce nitric oxide (NO) bioactivity, a hallmark of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. We measured steady-state vascular NO levels through the quantification of heme nitrosylated hemoglobin (5-coordinate-α-HbNO) in venous erythrocytes of healthy human subjects using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. To examine how ROS may influence HbNO complex formation and stability, we identified the pro- and anti-oxidant enzymatic sources in human erythrocytes and their relative impact on intracellular redox state and steady-state HbNO levels. We demonstrated that pro-oxidant enzymes such as NADPH oxidases are expressed and produce a significant amount of ROS at the membrane of healthy erythrocytes. In addition, the steady-state levels of HbNO were preserved when NOX (e.g. NOX1 and NOX2) activity was inhibited. We next evaluated the impact of selective antioxidant enzymatic systems on HbNO stability. Peroxiredoxin 2 and catalase, in particular, played an important role in endogenous and exogenous H2O2 degradation, respectively. Accordingly, inhibitors of peroxiredoxin 2 and catalase significantly decreased erythrocyte HbNO concentration. Conversely, steady-state levels of HbNO were preserved upon supplying erythrocytes with exogenous catalase. These findings support HbNO measurements as indicators of vascular oxidant stress and of NO bioavailability and potentially, as useful biomarkers of early endothelial dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Dei Zotti
- Institut de Recherche Experimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc and Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Roxane Verdoy
- Institut de Recherche Experimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc and Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Davide Brusa
- Institut de Recherche Experimentale et Clinique (IREC), Flow Cytometry Platform, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc and Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Irina I Lobysheva
- Institut de Recherche Experimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc and Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Jean-Luc Balligand
- Institut de Recherche Experimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc and Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zuniga-Hertz JP, Patel HH. The Evolution of Cholesterol-Rich Membrane in Oxygen Adaption: The Respiratory System as a Model. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1340. [PMID: 31736773 PMCID: PMC6828933 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase in atmospheric oxygen levels imposed significant environmental pressure on primitive organisms concerning intracellular oxygen concentration management. Evidence suggests the rise of cholesterol, a key molecule for cellular membrane organization, as a cellular strategy to restrain free oxygen diffusion under the new environmental conditions. During evolution and the increase in organismal complexity, cholesterol played a pivotal role in the establishment of novel and more complex functions associated with lipid membranes. Of these, caveolae, cholesterol-rich membrane domains, are signaling hubs that regulate important in situ functions. Evolution resulted in complex respiratory systems and molecular response mechanisms that ensure responses to critical events such as hypoxia facilitated oxygen diffusion and transport in complex organisms. Caveolae have been structurally and functionally associated with respiratory systems and oxygen diffusion control through their relationship with molecular response systems like hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF), and particularly as a membrane-localized oxygen sensor, controlling oxygen diffusion balanced with cellular physiological requirements. This review will focus on membrane adaptations that contribute to regulating oxygen in living systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Zuniga-Hertz
- Department of Anesthesiology, VA San Diego Healthcare System, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Hemal H Patel
- Department of Anesthesiology, VA San Diego Healthcare System, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Möller MN, Rios N, Trujillo M, Radi R, Denicola A, Alvarez B. Detection and quantification of nitric oxide-derived oxidants in biological systems. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:14776-14802. [PMID: 31409645 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev119.006136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The free radical nitric oxide (NO•) exerts biological effects through the direct and reversible interaction with specific targets (e.g. soluble guanylate cyclase) or through the generation of secondary species, many of which can oxidize, nitrosate or nitrate biomolecules. The NO•-derived reactive species are typically short-lived, and their preferential fates depend on kinetic and compartmentalization aspects. Their detection and quantification are technically challenging. In general, the strategies employed are based either on the detection of relatively stable end products or on the use of synthetic probes, and they are not always selective for a particular species. In this study, we describe the biologically relevant characteristics of the reactive species formed downstream from NO•, and we discuss the approaches currently available for the analysis of NO•, nitrogen dioxide (NO2 •), dinitrogen trioxide (N2O3), nitroxyl (HNO), and peroxynitrite (ONOO-/ONOOH), as well as peroxynitrite-derived hydroxyl (HO•) and carbonate anion (CO3 •-) radicals. We also discuss the biological origins of and analytical tools for detecting nitrite (NO2 -), nitrate (NO3 -), nitrosyl-metal complexes, S-nitrosothiols, and 3-nitrotyrosine. Moreover, we highlight state-of-the-art methods, alert readers to caveats of widely used techniques, and encourage retirement of approaches that have been supplanted by more reliable and selective tools for detecting and measuring NO•-derived oxidants. We emphasize that the use of appropriate analytical methods needs to be strongly grounded in a chemical and biochemical understanding of the species and mechanistic pathways involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matías N Möller
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Natalia Rios
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Madia Trujillo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rafael Radi
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ana Denicola
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Beatriz Alvarez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay .,Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kalyanaraman B, Cheng G, Zielonka J, Bennett B. Low-Temperature EPR Spectroscopy as a Probe-Free Technique for Monitoring Oxidants Formed in Tumor Cells and Tissues: Implications in Drug Resistance and OXPHOS-Targeted Therapies. Cell Biochem Biophys 2018; 77:89-98. [PMID: 30259334 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-018-0858-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oxidants formed from oxidative and nitrative metabolism include reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide, hydrogen peroxide/lipid hydroperoxides and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) (e.g., peroxynitrite [ONOO-] and nitrogen dioxide), and reactive halogenated species (e.g., hypochlorous acid [HOCl]). Increasingly, ROS and RNS are implicated in tumorigenesis as well as tumor growth, progression, and metastasis. Recently, ROS were implicated in drug resistance, metabolic reprogramming, and T-cell metabolism in immunotherapy. Mostly, fluorescent probes have been used in cell culture systems. The identity of species is obtained by LC-MS analyses of diagnostic marker products. However, extrapolation of these assays to cancer xenografts is difficult if not impossible. Thus, development of a probe-free assay for monitoring and assessing oxidant formation in tumor cells and tumor xenografts is critical and timely. Here, we describe the use of ex vivo electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy at cryogenic temperatures as a uniquely useful probe-free technique for assessing intracellular oxidation and oxidants via EPR signals from redox centers, particularly iron-sulfur clusters, in mitochondrial and cytosolic redox proteins. Examples of cancer cells subjected to inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation are presented. This ex vivo methodology can be readily extended to monitor oxidant formation in tumor tissues isolated from mice and humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Balaraman Kalyanaraman
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA. .,Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA. .,Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
| | - Gang Cheng
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.,Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Jacek Zielonka
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.,Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.,Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Brian Bennett
- Department of Physics, Marquette University, 540 N. 15th St., Milwaukee, WI, 53233, USA.
| |
Collapse
|