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Zhang Q, Pavlinov I, Ye Y, Zheng W. Therapeutic development targeting host heparan sulfate proteoglycan in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1364657. [PMID: 38618194 PMCID: PMC11014733 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1364657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The global pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to an urgent need for effective therapeutic options. SARS-CoV-2 is a novel coronavirus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic that has resulted in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The virus is known to enter host cells by binding to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, and emerging evidence suggests that heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) play a crucial role in facilitating this process. HSPGs are abundant cell surface proteoglycan present in many tissues, including the lung, and have been shown to interact directly with the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. This review aims to summarize the current understanding of the role of HSPGs in SARS-CoV-2 infection and the potential of developing new therapies targeting HSPGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Therapeutic Development Branch, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ivan Pavlinov
- Therapeutic Development Branch, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Yihong Ye
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Wei Zheng
- Therapeutic Development Branch, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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2
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Chen K, Kim S, Yang S, Varadkar T, Zhou ZZ, Zhang J, Zhou L, Liu XM. Advanced biomanufacturing and evaluation of adeno-associated virus. J Biol Eng 2024; 18:15. [PMID: 38360753 PMCID: PMC10868095 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-024-00409-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) has been developed as a safe and effective gene delivery vehicle to treat rare genetic diseases. This study aimed to establish a novel biomanufacturing process to achieve high production and purification of various AAV serotypes (AAV2, 5, DJ, DJ8). First, a robust suspensive production process was developed and optimized using Gibco Viral Production Cell 2.0 in 30-60 mL shaker flask cultures by evaluating host cells, cell density at the time of transfection and plasmid amount, adapted to 60-100 mL spinner flask production, and scaled up to 1.2-2.0-L stirred-tank bioreactor production at 37 °C, pH 7.0, 210 rpm and DO 40%. The optimal process generated AAV titer of 7.52-8.14 × 1010 vg/mL. Second, a new AAV purification using liquid chromatography was developed and optimized to reach recovery rate of 85-95% of all four serotypes. Post-purification desalting and concentration procedures were also investigated. Then the generated AAVs were evaluated in vitro using Western blotting, transmission electron microscope, confocal microscope and bioluminescence detection. Finally, the in vivo infection and functional gene expression of AAV were confirmed in tumor xenografted mouse model. In conclusion, this study reported a robust, scalable, and universal biomanufacturing platform of AAV production, clarification and purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University (OSU), 151 W Woodruff Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Seulhee Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, 140 W 19th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Siying Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University (OSU), 151 W Woodruff Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Tanvi Varadkar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University (OSU), 151 W Woodruff Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Zhuoxin Zora Zhou
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University (OSU), 151 W Woodruff Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Jiashuai Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, 140 W 19th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Lufang Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, 140 W 19th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Xiaoguang Margaret Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University (OSU), 151 W Woodruff Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), The Ohio State University, 650 Ackerman Rd, Columbus, OH, 43202, USA.
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Onyido EK, James D, Garcia-Parra J, Sinfield J, Moberg A, Coombes Z, Worthington J, Williams N, Francis LW, Conlan RS, Gonzalez D. Elucidating Novel Targets for Ovarian Cancer Antibody-Drug Conjugate Development: Integrating In Silico Prediction and Surface Plasmon Resonance to Identify Targets with Enhanced Antibody Internalization Capacity. Antibodies (Basel) 2023; 12:65. [PMID: 37873862 PMCID: PMC10594448 DOI: 10.3390/antib12040065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) constitute a rapidly expanding category of biopharmaceuticals that are reshaping the landscape of targeted chemotherapy. The meticulous process of selecting therapeutic targets, aided by specific monoclonal antibodies' high specificity for binding to designated antigenic epitopes, is pivotal in ADC research and development. Despite ADCs' intrinsic ability to differentiate between healthy and cancerous cells, developmental challenges persist. In this study, we present a rationalized pipeline encompassing the initial phases of the ADC development, including target identification and validation. Leveraging an in-house, computationally constructed ADC target database, termed ADC Target Vault, we identified a set of novel ovarian cancer targets. We effectively demonstrate the efficacy of Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) technology and in vitro models as predictive tools, expediting the selection and validation of targets as ADC candidates for ovarian cancer therapy. Our analysis reveals three novel robust antibody/target pairs with strong binding and favourable antibody internalization rates in both wild-type and cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cell lines. This approach enhances ADC development and offers a comprehensive method for assessing target/antibody combinations and pre-payload conjugation biological activity. Additionally, the strategy establishes a robust platform for high-throughput screening of potential ovarian cancer ADC targets, an approach that is equally applicable to other cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emenike Kenechi Onyido
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK (D.J.); (J.G.-P.); (Z.C.); (L.W.F.); (R.S.C.)
| | - David James
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK (D.J.); (J.G.-P.); (Z.C.); (L.W.F.); (R.S.C.)
| | - Jezabel Garcia-Parra
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK (D.J.); (J.G.-P.); (Z.C.); (L.W.F.); (R.S.C.)
| | - John Sinfield
- Cytiva, Björkgatan 30, 751 84 Uppsala, Sweden; (J.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Anna Moberg
- Cytiva, Björkgatan 30, 751 84 Uppsala, Sweden; (J.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Zoe Coombes
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK (D.J.); (J.G.-P.); (Z.C.); (L.W.F.); (R.S.C.)
| | - Jenny Worthington
- Axis Bioservices Ltd., 189 Castleroe Rd, Coleraine BT51 3RP, UK; (J.W.); (N.W.)
| | - Nicole Williams
- Axis Bioservices Ltd., 189 Castleroe Rd, Coleraine BT51 3RP, UK; (J.W.); (N.W.)
| | - Lewis Webb Francis
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK (D.J.); (J.G.-P.); (Z.C.); (L.W.F.); (R.S.C.)
| | - Robert Steven Conlan
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK (D.J.); (J.G.-P.); (Z.C.); (L.W.F.); (R.S.C.)
| | - Deyarina Gonzalez
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK (D.J.); (J.G.-P.); (Z.C.); (L.W.F.); (R.S.C.)
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Kiyoshi M, Nakakido M, Rafique A, Tada M, Aoyama M, Terao Y, Nagatoishi S, Shibata H, Ide T, Tsumoto K, Ito Y, Ishii-Watabe A. Specific peptide conjugation to a therapeutic antibody leads to enhanced therapeutic potency and thermal stability by reduced Fc dynamics. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16561. [PMID: 37783706 PMCID: PMC10545826 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43431-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates are powerful tools for combatting a wide array of cancers. Drug conjugation to a therapeutic antibody often alters molecular characteristics, such as hydrophobicity and effector function, resulting in quality deterioration. To develop a drug conjugation methodology that maintains the molecular characteristics of the antibody, we engineered a specific peptide for conjugation to the Fc region. We used trastuzumab and the chelator (DOTA) as model antibody and payload, respectively. Interestingly, peptide/DOTA-conjugated trastuzumab exhibited enhanced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and increased thermal stability. Detailed structural and thermodynamic analysis clarified that the conjugated peptide blocks the Fc dynamics like a "wedge." We revealed that (1) decreased molecular entropy results in enhanced ADCC, and (2) blockade of Fc denaturation results in increased thermal stability. Thus, we believe that our methodology is superior not only for drug conjugation but also as for reinforcing therapeutic antibodies to enhance ADCC and thermal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Kiyoshi
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Makoto Nakakido
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Abdur Rafique
- Chemistry Program, Department of Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Minoru Tada
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Michihiko Aoyama
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Satoru Nagatoishi
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Shibata
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Kouhei Tsumoto
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Ito
- Chemistry Program, Department of Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima, Japan.
| | - Akiko Ishii-Watabe
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
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Zhang J, Zhou Z(Z, Chen K, Kim S, Cho IS, Varadkar T, Baker H, Cho JH, Zhou L, Liu X(M. A CD276-Targeted Antibody-Drug Conjugate to Treat Non-Small Lung Cancer (NSCLC). Cells 2023; 12:2393. [PMID: 37830607 PMCID: PMC10572050 DOI: 10.3390/cells12192393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, accounting for approximately 85% of lung cancer cases, are usually diagnosed in advanced stages. Traditional surgical resection and radiotherapy have very limited clinical benefits. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a targeted therapy, antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), for NSCLC treatment. Specifically, the CD276 receptor was evaluated and confirmed as an ideal surface target of NSCLC in the immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining of seventy-three patient tumor microarrays and western blotting analysis of eight cell lines. Our anti-CD276 monoclonal antibody (mAb) with cross-activity to both human and mouse receptors showed high surface binding, effective drug delivery and tumor-specific targeting in flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, and in vivo imaging system analysis. The ADC constructed with our CD276 mAb and payload monomethyl auristatin F (MMAF) showed high anti-NSCLC cytotoxicity to multiple lines and effective anti-tumor efficacy in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent NSCLC xenograft mouse models. The brief mechanism study revealed the integration of cell proliferation inhibition and immune cell reactivation in tumor microenvironments. The toxicity study did not detect off-target immune toxicity or peripheral toxicity. Altogether, this study suggested that anti-CD276 ADC could be a promising candidate for NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiashuai Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University (OSU), 151 West Woodruff Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.Z.); (S.K.); (H.B.); (L.Z.)
| | - Zhuoxin (Zora) Zhou
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University (OSU), 151 W Woodruff Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (Z.Z.); (K.C.); (I.S.C.); (T.V.)
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University (OSU), 151 W Woodruff Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (Z.Z.); (K.C.); (I.S.C.); (T.V.)
| | - Seulhee Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University (OSU), 151 West Woodruff Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.Z.); (S.K.); (H.B.); (L.Z.)
| | - Irene Soohyun Cho
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University (OSU), 151 W Woodruff Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (Z.Z.); (K.C.); (I.S.C.); (T.V.)
| | - Tanvi Varadkar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University (OSU), 151 W Woodruff Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (Z.Z.); (K.C.); (I.S.C.); (T.V.)
| | - Hailey Baker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University (OSU), 151 West Woodruff Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.Z.); (S.K.); (H.B.); (L.Z.)
| | - Ju Hwan Cho
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University (OSU), 460 West 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Lufang Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University (OSU), 151 West Woodruff Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.Z.); (S.K.); (H.B.); (L.Z.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University (OSU), 460 West 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Xiaoguang (Margaret) Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University (OSU), 151 W Woodruff Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (Z.Z.); (K.C.); (I.S.C.); (T.V.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University (OSU), 460 West 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
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Peng Y, Wu Z, Pang Z, Zhang L, Song D, Liu F, Li Y, Lin T. Manufacture and evaluation of a HER2-positive breast cancer immunotoxin 4D5Fv-PE25. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:100. [PMID: 37198642 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02115-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positive breast cancer is an aggressive subtype, accounting for around 20% of all breast cancers. The development of HER2-targeted therapy has substantially improved patient outcomes. Nevertheless, the increasing rate of side effects and resistance to targeted drugs limit their efficacy in clinical practice. In this study, we designed and synthesized a new immunotoxin, 4D5Fv-PE25, which targets HER2-positive breast cancer, and evaluated its effectiveness in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS The 4D5Fv-PE25 was expressed in high-density Escherichia coli (E. coli.) using the fermentor method and refined via hydrophobicity, ion exchange, and filtration chromatography, achieving a 56.06% recovery rate. Additionally, the semi-manufactured product with 96% purity was prepared into freeze-dried powder by the lyophilized process. Flow cytometry was used to detect the expression of HER2 in SK-BR-3, BT-474, MDA-MB-231, and MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cell lines. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) method was used for cytotoxicity assay, and the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 4D5Fv-PE25 lyophilized products to HER2-positive cell line SK-BR-3 was 12.53 ng/mL. The 4D5Fv-PE25 was injected into xenograft tumor mice via the tail vein on the 1st, 4th, and 8th day, it indicated that the growth of tumor volume was effectively inhibited for 24 days, although the 4D5Fv-PE25 was metabolized within 60 min by measuring the release of 3 H-Thymidine radiation. CONCLUSION we succeeded in producing the 4D5Fv-PE25 freeze-dried powder using the prokaryotic expression method, and it could be employed as a potential drug for treating HER2-positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Peng
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Women and Children Diseases, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Zhengli Wu
- Panacea Bioscience inc, Halifax, NS, Canada
- College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zheng Pang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250300, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Women and Children Diseases, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Dandan Song
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Women and Children Diseases, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Women and Children Diseases, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Yanhong Li
- Panacea Bioscience inc, Halifax, NS, Canada
- College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
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Si Y, Chen K, Ngo HG, Guan JS, Totoro A, Zhou Z, Kim S, Kim T, Zhou L, Liu X. Targeted EV to Deliver Chemotherapy to Treat Triple-Negative Breast Cancers. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:146. [PMID: 35057042 PMCID: PMC8781632 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are heterogeneous and metastatic, and targeted therapy is highly needed for TNBC treatment. Recent studies showed that extracellular vesicles (EV) have great potential to deliver therapies to treat cancers. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a natural compound, verrucarin A (Ver-A), delivered by targeted EV, to treat TNBC. First, the surface expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and CD47 were confirmed with immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining of patient tissue microarray, flow cytometry and Western blotting. EVs were isolated from HEK 293F culture and surface tagged with anti-EGFR/CD47 mAbs to construct mAb-EV. The flow cytometry, confocal imaging and live-animal In Vivo Imaging System (IVIS) demonstrated that mAb-EV could effectively target TNBC and deliver the drug. The drug Ver-A, with dosage-dependent high cytotoxicity to TNBC cells, was packed in mAb-EV. The anti-TNBC efficacy study showed that Ver-A blocked tumor growth in both 4T1 xenografted immunocompetent mouse models and TNBC patient-derived xenograft models with minimal side effects. This study demonstrated that the targeted mAb-EV-Ver-A had great potential to treat TNBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingnan Si
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (Y.S.); (K.C.); (H.G.N.); (A.T.); (Z.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (Y.S.); (K.C.); (H.G.N.); (A.T.); (Z.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Hanh Giai Ngo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (Y.S.); (K.C.); (H.G.N.); (A.T.); (Z.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Jia Shiung Guan
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 703 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (J.S.G.); (S.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Angela Totoro
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (Y.S.); (K.C.); (H.G.N.); (A.T.); (Z.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Zhuoxin Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (Y.S.); (K.C.); (H.G.N.); (A.T.); (Z.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Seulhee Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 703 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (J.S.G.); (S.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Taehyun Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 703 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (J.S.G.); (S.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Lufang Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (Y.S.); (K.C.); (H.G.N.); (A.T.); (Z.Z.); (L.Z.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 703 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (J.S.G.); (S.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Xiaoguang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (Y.S.); (K.C.); (H.G.N.); (A.T.); (Z.Z.); (L.Z.)
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Chen K, Si Y, Guan JS, Zhou Z, Kim S, Kim T, Shan L, Willey CD, Zhou L, Liu X. Targeted Extracellular Vesicles Delivered Verrucarin A to Treat Glioblastoma. Biomedicines 2022; 10:130. [PMID: 35052809 PMCID: PMC8773723 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas, accounting for approximately 50% of gliomas, comprise the most aggressive, highly heterogeneous, and malignant brain tumors. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a new targeted therapy, i.e., highly potent natural compound verrucarin A (Ver-A), delivered with monoclonal antibody-directed extracellular vesicle (mAb-EV). First, the high surface expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in glioblastoma patient tissue and cell lines was confirmed using immunohistochemistry staining, flow cytometry, and Western blotting. mAb-EV-Ver-A was constructed by packing Ver-A and tagging anti-EGFR mAb to EV generated from HEK293F culture. Confocal microscopy and the In Vivo Imaging System demonstrated that mAb-EV could penetrate the blood-brain barrier, target intracranial glioblastoma xenografts, and deliver drug intracellularly. The in vitro cytotoxicity study showed IC50 values of 2-12 nM of Ver-A. The hematoxylin and eosin staining of major organs in the tolerated dose study indicated minimal systemic toxicity of mAb-EV-Ver-A. Finally, the in vivo anti-tumor efficacy study in intracranial xenograft models demonstrated that EGFR mAb-EV-Ver-A effectively inhibited glioblastoma growth, but the combination with VEGF mAb did not improve the therapeutic efficacy. This study suggested that mAb-EV is an effective drug delivery vehicle and natural Ver-A has great potential to treat glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (K.C.); (Y.S.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Yingnan Si
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (K.C.); (Y.S.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Jia-Shiung Guan
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 703 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (J.-S.G.); (S.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Zhuoxin Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (K.C.); (Y.S.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Seulhee Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 703 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (J.-S.G.); (S.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Taehyun Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 703 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (J.-S.G.); (S.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Liang Shan
- School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1701 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Christopher D. Willey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1700 6th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Lufang Zhou
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 703 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (J.-S.G.); (S.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Xiaoguang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (K.C.); (Y.S.); (Z.Z.)
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9
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Matsuda Y. Current approaches for the purification of antibody-drug conjugates. J Sep Sci 2021; 45:27-37. [PMID: 34473399 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In the past two decades, antibody-drug conjugates have gained increasing attention because they expand the therapeutic index when compared with that of traditional chemotherapies. Antibody-drug conjugates are highly complex structures consisting of antibodies covalently conjugated with small-molecule cytotoxic drugs. The complex structure of antibody-drug conjugates makes chemistry, manufacturing, and control difficult. In contrast to antibody production, distinct purification methods following conjugation of antibodies with drug-linkers are required for the manufacturing. For process development of antibody drug conjugates, the drug-to-antibody ratio, free drug-linkers, and aggregates are critical quality attributes that must be strictly controlled and removed by appropriate purification techniques. In this review, features of various purification methods used to purify antibody drug conjugates are described and evaluated. The future landscape of the antibody-conjugates field is also discussed briefly.
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Si Y, Zhang Y, Guan JS, Ngo HG, Totoro A, Singh AP, Chen K, Xu Y, Yang ES, Zhou L, Liu R, Liu X(M. Anti-CD47 Monoclonal Antibody-Drug Conjugate: A Targeted Therapy to Treat Triple-Negative Breast Cancers. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9080882. [PMID: 34452008 PMCID: PMC8402537 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9080882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are frequently recurrent due to the development of drug resistance post chemotherapy. Both the existing literature and our study found that surface receptor CD47 (cluster of differentiation 47) was upregulated in chemotherapy-treated TNBC cells. The goal of this study was to develop a monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based targeting strategy to treat TNBC after standard treatment. Specifically, a new mAb that targets the extracellular domain of receptor CD47 was developed using hybridoma technology and produced in fed-batch culture. Flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, and in vivo imaging system (IVIS) showed that the anti-CD47 mAb effectively targeted human and mouse TNBC cells and xenograft models with high specificity. The antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) carrying mertansine was constructed and demonstrated higher potency with reduced IC50 in TNBC cells than did the free drug and significantly inhibited tumor growth post gemcitabine treatment in MDA-MB-231 xenograft NSG model. Finally, whole blood analysis indicated that the anti-CD47 mAb had no general immune toxicity, flow cytometry analysis of lymph nodes revealed an increase of CD69+ NK, CD11c+ DC, and CD4+ T cells, and IHC staining showed tumoral infiltration of macrophage in the 4T1 xenograft BALB/cJ model. This study demonstrated that targeting CD47 with ADC has great potential to treat TNBCs as a targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingnan Si
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (J.-S.G.); (H.G.N.); (A.T.); (A.P.S.); (K.C.); (L.Z.)
| | - Ya Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (J.-S.G.); (H.G.N.); (A.T.); (A.P.S.); (K.C.); (L.Z.)
| | - Jia-Shiung Guan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (J.-S.G.); (H.G.N.); (A.T.); (A.P.S.); (K.C.); (L.Z.)
| | - Hanh Giai Ngo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (J.-S.G.); (H.G.N.); (A.T.); (A.P.S.); (K.C.); (L.Z.)
| | - Angela Totoro
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (J.-S.G.); (H.G.N.); (A.T.); (A.P.S.); (K.C.); (L.Z.)
| | - Ajeet Pal Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (J.-S.G.); (H.G.N.); (A.T.); (A.P.S.); (K.C.); (L.Z.)
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (J.-S.G.); (H.G.N.); (A.T.); (A.P.S.); (K.C.); (L.Z.)
| | - Yuanxin Xu
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 703 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Eddy S. Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1808 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1824 6th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Lufang Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (J.-S.G.); (H.G.N.); (A.T.); (A.P.S.); (K.C.); (L.Z.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 703 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Runhua Liu
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 702 20th St., Birmingham, AL 35233, USA;
| | - Xiaoguang (Margaret) Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (J.-S.G.); (H.G.N.); (A.T.); (A.P.S.); (K.C.); (L.Z.)
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1824 6th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-05-996-1042; Fax: +1-205-996-4701
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11
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Si Y, Kim S, Ou J, Lu Y, Ernst P, Chen K, Whitt J, Carter AM, Markert JM, Bibb JA, Chen H, Zhou L, Jaskula-Sztul R, Liu XM. Anti-SSTR2 antibody-drug conjugate for neuroendocrine tumor therapy. Cancer Gene Ther 2021; 28:799-812. [PMID: 32684623 PMCID: PMC7854894 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-020-0196-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neuroendocrine (NE) tumors include a diverse spectrum of hormone-secreting neoplasms that arise from the endocrine and nervous systems. Current chemo- and radio-therapies have marginal curative benefits. The goal of this study was to develop an innovative antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) to effectively treat NE tumors (NETs). First, we confirmed that somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) is an ideal cancer cell surface target by analyzing 38 patient-derived NET tissues, 33 normal organs, and three NET cell lines. Then, we developed a new monoclonal antibody (mAb, IgG1, and kappa) to target two extracellular domains of SSTR2, which showed strong and specific surface binding to NETs. The ADC was constructed by conjugating the anti-SSTR2 mAb and antimitotic monomethyl auristatin E. In vitro evaluations indicated that the ADC can effectively bind, internalize, release payload, and kill NET cells. Finally, the ADC was evaluated in vivo using a NET xenograft mouse model to assess cancer-specific targeting, tolerated dosage, pharmacokinetics, and antitumor efficacy. The anti-SSTR2 ADC exclusively targeted and killed NET cells with minimal toxicity and high stability in vivo. This study demonstrates that the anti-SSTR2 ADC has a high-therapeutic potential for NET therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingnan Si
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Seulhee Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Jianfa Ou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Yun Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Patrick Ernst
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Jason Whitt
- Department of Surgery, UAB, 1808 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Angela M Carter
- Department of Surgery, UAB, 1808 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - James M Markert
- Department of Neurosurgery, UAB, 510 20th Street South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, UAB, 1824 6th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - James A Bibb
- Department of Surgery, UAB, 1808 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, UAB, 1824 6th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Herbert Chen
- Department of Surgery, UAB, 1808 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, UAB, 1824 6th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Lufang Zhou
- Department of Medicine, UAB, 703 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Renata Jaskula-Sztul
- Department of Surgery, UAB, 1808 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, UAB, 1824 6th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA.
| | - Xiaoguang Margaret Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, UAB, 1824 6th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA.
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12
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Keller WR, Wendeler M. Using multimodal chromatography for post-conjugation antibody-drug conjugate purification: A methodology from high throughput screening to in-silico process development. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1653:462378. [PMID: 34311388 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a methodology for the development of a multimodal chromatography process is presented that is aimed at removal of under-conjugated antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) species. Two ADCs are used as case studies: One ADC results from site-directed conjugation to inserted cysteine residues and has a drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR) of two, the other is the product of conjugation to interchain disulfide bonds with a DAR of eight. First, filter plate screening studies are designed for the unconjugated antibody and the ADCs. Different metrics for the analysis of these data sets are presented and discussed. From this analysis, the selected process conditions are then carried out using a benchtop chromatography system to confirm the separations observed in the filter plate studies while simultaneously generating data to estimate steric mass-action isotherm and mass transport parameters for process simulation. This column model is then employed to develop separation processes in-silico for the removal of the unconjugated parent antibody and under-conjugated product variants. The optimized process conditions identified using the model are then verified experimentally. The methodology presented in this work utilizes multimodal chromatography for ADC purification and provides the framework for a streamlined systematic approach to process development.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Keller
- Purification Process Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals Development, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, USA.
| | - Michaela Wendeler
- Purification Process Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals Development, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, USA
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13
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Chen K, Si Y, Ou J, Guan JS, Kim S, Ernst P, Zhang Y, Zhou L, Han X, Liu X(M. Antibody-Drug Conjugate to Treat Meningiomas. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14050427. [PMID: 34063284 PMCID: PMC8147502 DOI: 10.3390/ph14050427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Meningiomas are primary tumors of the central nervous system with high recurrence. It has been reported that somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) is highly expressed in most meningiomas, but there is no effective targeted therapy approved to control meningiomas. This study aimed to develop and evaluate an anti-SSTR2 antibody–drug conjugate (ADC) to target and treat meningiomas. The meningioma targeting, circulation stability, toxicity, and anti-tumor efficacy of SSTR2 ADC were evaluated using cell lines and/or an intracranial xenograft mouse model. The flow cytometry analysis showed that the anti-SSTR2 mAb had a high binding rate of >98% to meningioma CH157-MN cells but a low binding rate of <5% to the normal arachnoidal AC07 cells. The In Vivo Imaging System (IVIS) imaging demonstrated that the Cy5.5-labeled ADC targeted and accumulated in meningioma xenograft but not in normal organs. The pharmacokinetics study and histological analysis confirmed the stability and minimal toxicity. In vitro anti-cancer cytotoxicity indicated a high potency of ADC with an IC50 value of <10 nM. In vivo anti-tumor efficacy showed that the anti-SSTR2 ADC with doses of 8 and 16 mg/kg body weight effectively inhibited tumor growth. This study demonstrated that the anti-SSTR2 ADC can target meningioma and reduce the tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (K.C.); (Y.S.); (J.O.); (S.K.); (Y.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Yingnan Si
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (K.C.); (Y.S.); (J.O.); (S.K.); (Y.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Jianfa Ou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (K.C.); (Y.S.); (J.O.); (S.K.); (Y.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Jia-Shiung Guan
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 703 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (J.-S.G.); (P.E.)
| | - Seulhee Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (K.C.); (Y.S.); (J.O.); (S.K.); (Y.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Patrick Ernst
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 703 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (J.-S.G.); (P.E.)
| | - Ya Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (K.C.); (Y.S.); (J.O.); (S.K.); (Y.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Lufang Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (K.C.); (Y.S.); (J.O.); (S.K.); (Y.Z.); (L.Z.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 703 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (J.-S.G.); (P.E.)
| | - Xiaosi Han
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1824 6th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Xiaoguang (Margaret) Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (K.C.); (Y.S.); (J.O.); (S.K.); (Y.Z.); (L.Z.)
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1824 6th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-205-996-1042; Fax: +1-205-996-4701
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14
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Shimizu T, Fujiwara Y, Yonemori K, Koyama T, Sato J, Tamura K, Shimomura A, Ikezawa H, Nomoto M, Furuuchi K, Nakajima R, Miura T, Yamamoto N. First-in-Human Phase 1 Study of MORAb-202, an Antibody-Drug Conjugate Comprising Farletuzumab Linked to Eribulin Mesylate, in Patients with Folate Receptor-α-Positive Advanced Solid Tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:3905-3915. [PMID: 33926914 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-4740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE MORAb-202, an antibody-drug conjugate containing farletuzumab and eribulin with a cathepsin-B cleavable linker, targets folate receptor α (FRα)-expressing tumor cells. The primary objective of this first-in-human study was to evaluate the safety and tolerability of MORAb-202 in patients with solid tumors. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients ≥20 years with adequate organ function and FRα-positive solid tumors who failed to respond to standard therapy were eligible. Patients received MORAb-202 intravenously at doses of 0.3 to 1.2 mg/kg once every three weeks. Endpoints included dose-limiting toxicities, safety, tumor responses, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03386942 (ClinicalTrials.gov). RESULTS Between November 28, 2017 and June 4, 2019, 22 patients (median age, 58.0 years) with advanced solid tumors were enrolled. Treatment-emergent adverse events occurred in 21 (95%) patients, with leukopenia and neutropenia in 10 (45%) patients each. One patient (0.9 mg/kg cohort) experienced two grade 3 dose-limiting toxicities: serum alanine aminotransferase and γ-glutamyl transferase increases. Following review by an independent adjudication committee, grade 1/2 interstitial lung disease thought to be related to MORAb-202 was identified in five (23%) patients. Complete response, partial response, and stable disease were observed in one, nine, and eight patients, respectively. The normalized predose serum FRα tended to be positively correlated with the maximum tumor shrinkage (R 2 = 0.2379; P = 0.0291). CONCLUSIONS The MTD of MORAb-202 was not reached. MORAb-202 demonstrated promising antitumor activity in FRα-positive solid tumors and was generally well-tolerated at the tested doses. Further investigations are required to establish appropriate dosage and clinical utility of MORAb-202.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Shimizu
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yutaka Fujiwara
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Mitsui Memorial Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kan Yonemori
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Breast and Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takafumi Koyama
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Sato
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Tamura
- Department of Breast and Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Shimomura
- Department of Breast and Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Breast and Medical Oncology, Center Hospital of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Noboru Yamamoto
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Knödler M, Buyel JF. Plant-made immunotoxin building blocks: A roadmap for producing therapeutic antibody-toxin fusions. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 47:107683. [PMID: 33373687 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Molecular farming in plants is an emerging platform for the production of pharmaceutical proteins, and host species such as tobacco are now becoming competitive with commercially established production hosts based on bacteria and mammalian cell lines. The range of recombinant therapeutic proteins produced in plants includes replacement enzymes, vaccines and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). But plants can also be used to manufacture toxins, such as the mistletoe lectin viscumin, providing an opportunity to express active antibody-toxin fusion proteins, so-called recombinant immunotoxins (RITs). Mammalian production systems are currently used to produce antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), which require the separate expression and purification of each component followed by a complex and hazardous coupling procedure. In contrast, RITs made in plants are expressed in a single step and could therefore reduce production and purification costs. The costs can be reduced further if subcellular compartments that accumulate large quantities of the stable protein are identified and optimal plant growth conditions are selected. In this review, we first provide an overview of the current state of RIT production in plants before discussing the three key components of RITs in detail. The specificity-defining domain (often an antibody) binds cancer cells, including solid tumors and hematological malignancies. The toxin provides the means to kill target cells. Toxins from different species with different modes of action can be used for this purpose. Finally, the linker spaces the two other components to ensure they adopt a stable, functional conformation, and may also promote toxin release inside the cell. Given the diversity of these components, we extract broad principles that can be used as recommendations for the development of effective RITs. Future research should focus on such proteins to exploit the advantages of plants as efficient production platforms for targeted anti-cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Knödler
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Forckenbeckstrasse 6, Aachen 52074, Germany; Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, Aachen 52074, Germany.
| | - J F Buyel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Forckenbeckstrasse 6, Aachen 52074, Germany; Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, Aachen 52074, Germany.
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16
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Si Y, Xu Y, Guan J, Chen K, Kim S, Yang ES, Zhou L, Liu XM. Anti-EGFR antibody-drug conjugate for triple-negative breast cancer therapy. Eng Life Sci 2021; 21:37-44. [PMID: 33531889 PMCID: PMC7837297 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202000027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are highly aggressive, metastatic and recurrent. Cytotoxic chemotherapies with limited clinical benefits and severe side effects are the standard therapeutic strategies, but, to date, there is no efficacious targeted therapy. Literature and our data showed that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed on TNBC cell surface and is a promising oncological target. The objective of this study was to develop an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) to target EGFR+ TNBC and deliver high-potency drug. First, we constructed an ADC by conjugating anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody with mertansine which inhibits microtubule assembly via linker Sulfo-SMCC. Second, we confirmed the TNBC-targeting specificity of anti-EGFR ADC by evaluating its surface binding and internalization in MDA-MB-468 cells and targeting to TNBC xenograft in subcutaneous mouse mode. The live-cell and live-animal imaging with confocal laser scanning microscopy and In Vivo Imaging System (IVIS) confirmed the TNBC-targeting. Finally, both in vitro toxicity assay and in vivo anti-cancer efficacy study in TNBC xenograft models showed that the constructed ADC significantly inhibited TNBC growth, and the pharmacokinetics study indicated its high circulation stability. This study indicated that the anti-EGFR ADC has a great potential to against TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingnan Si
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB)BirminghamALUSA
| | - Yuanxin Xu
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB)BirminghamALUSA
| | | | - Kai Chen
- Department of MedicineUABBirminghamALUSA
| | - Seulhee Kim
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB)BirminghamALUSA
| | - Eddy S. Yang
- Department of Radiation OncologyO'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center at UABBirminghamALUSA
| | | | - Xiaoguang Margaret Liu
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB)BirminghamALUSA
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Matsuda Y, Mendelsohn BA. An overview of process development for antibody-drug conjugates produced by chemical conjugation technology. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2020; 21:963-975. [PMID: 33141625 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2021.1846714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: We discuss chemical conjugation strategies for antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) from an industrial perspective and compare three promising chemical conjugation technologies to produce site-specific ADCs.Areas covered: Currently, nine ADCs are commercially approved and all are produced by chemical conjugation technology. However, seven of these ADCs contain a relatively broad drug distribution, potentially limiting their therapeutic indices. In 2019, the first site-specific ADC was launched on the market by Daiichi-Sankyo. This achievement, and an analysis of clinical trials over the last decade, indicates that current industrial interest in the ADC field is shifting toward site-specific conjugation technologies. From an industrial point of view, we aim to provide guidance regarding established conjugation methodologies that have already been applied to scale-up stages. With an emphasis on highly productive, scalable, and synthetic process robustness, conjugation methodologies for ADC production is discussed herein.Expert opinion: All three chemical conjugation technologies described in this review have various advantages and disadvantages, therefore drug developers can utilize these depending on their biological and/or protein targets. The future landscape of the ADC field is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Matsuda
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-8681, Japan
| | - Brian A Mendelsohn
- Process Development & Tech Transfer, Ajinomoto Bio-Pharma Services, 11040 Roselle Street, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
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18
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Si Y, Guan J, Xu Y, Chen K, Kim S, Zhou L, Jaskula-Sztul R, Liu XM. Dual-Targeted Extracellular Vesicles to Facilitate Combined Therapies for Neuroendocrine Cancer Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E1079. [PMID: 33187322 PMCID: PMC7696983 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine (NE) cancers arise from cells within the neuroendocrine system. Chemotherapies and endoradiotherapy have been developed, but their clinical efficacy is limited. The objective of this study was to develop a dual-targeted extracellular vesicles (EV)-delivered combined therapies to treat NE cancer. Specifically, we produced EV in stirred-tank bioreactors and surface tagged both anti-somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR 2) monoclonal antibody (mAb) and anti-C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) mAb to generate mAbs-EV. Both live-cell confocal microscopy imaging and In Vivo Imaging System (IVIS) imaging confirmed that mAbs-EV specifically targeted and accumulated in NE cancer cells and NE tumor xenografts. Then the highly potent natural cytotoxic marine compound verrucarin A (Ver-A) with IC50 of 2.2-2.8 nM and microtubule polymerization inhibitor mertansine (DM1) with IC50 of 3.1-4.2 nM were packed into mAbs-EV. The in vivo maximum tolerated dose study performed in non-tumor-bearing mice indicated minimal systemic toxicity of mAbs-EV-Ver-A/DM1. Finally, the in vivo anticancer efficacy study demonstrated that the SSTR2/CXCR4 dual-targeted EV-Ver-A/DM1 is more effective to inhibit NE tumor growth than the single targeting and single drug. The results from this study could expand the application of EV to targeting deliver the combined potent chemotherapies for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingnan Si
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (Y.S.); (J.G.); (Y.X.); (K.C.); (S.K.)
| | - JiaShiung Guan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (Y.S.); (J.G.); (Y.X.); (K.C.); (S.K.)
| | - Yuanxin Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (Y.S.); (J.G.); (Y.X.); (K.C.); (S.K.)
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (Y.S.); (J.G.); (Y.X.); (K.C.); (S.K.)
| | - Seulhee Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (Y.S.); (J.G.); (Y.X.); (K.C.); (S.K.)
| | - Lufang Zhou
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 703 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Renata Jaskula-Sztul
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1808 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - X. Margaret Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (Y.S.); (J.G.); (Y.X.); (K.C.); (S.K.)
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19
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Anami Y, Tsuchikama K. Next-generation Antibody-drug Conjugates (ADCs): Exploring New Frontiers with Chemical Approaches. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2020. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.78.503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyoji Tsuchikama
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
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20
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Si Y, Kim S, Zhang E, Tang Y, Jaskula-Sztul R, Markert JM, Chen H, Zhou L, Liu XM. Targeted Exosomes for Drug Delivery: Biomanufacturing, Surface Tagging, and Validation. Biotechnol J 2020; 15:e1900163. [PMID: 31595685 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201900163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes hold great potential to deliver therapeutic reagents for cancer treatment due to its inherent low antigenicity. However, several technical barriers, such as low productivity and ineffective cancer targeting, need to be overcome before wide clinical applications. The present study aims at creating a new biomanufacturing platform of cancer-targeted exosomes for drug delivery. Specifically, a scalable, robust, high-yield, cell line based exosome production process is created in a stirred-tank bioreactor, and an efficient surface tagging technique is developed to generate monoclonal antibody (mAb)-exosomes. The in vitro characterization using transmission electron microscopy, NanoSight, and western blotting confirm the high quality of exosomes. Flow cytometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy demonstrate that mAb-exosomes have strong surface binding to cancer cells. Furthermore, to validate the targeted drug delivery efficiency, romidepsin, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, is loaded into mAb-exosomes. The in vitro anti-cancer toxicity study shows high cytotoxicity of mAb-exosome-romidepsin to cancer cells. Finally, the in vivo study using tumor xenograft animal model validates the cancer targeting specificity, anti-cancer efficacy, and drug delivery capability of the targeted exosomes. In summary, new techniques enabling targeted exosomes for drug delivery are developed to support large-scale animal studies and to facilitate the translation from research to clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingnan Si
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Seulhee Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Eric Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Yawen Tang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | | | - James M Markert
- Department of Neurosurgery, UAB, 510 20th Street South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Herbert Chen
- Department of Surgery, UAB, 1808 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Lufang Zhou
- Department of Medicine, UAB, 703 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Xiaoguang Margaret Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
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21
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Ou J, Si Y, Tang Y, Salzer GE, Lu Y, Kim S, Qin H, Zhou L, Liu X. Novel biomanufacturing platform for large-scale and high-quality human T cells production. J Biol Eng 2019; 13:34. [PMID: 31044002 PMCID: PMC6480708 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-019-0167-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The adoptive transfer of human T cells or genetically-engineered T cells with cancer-targeting receptors has shown tremendous promise for eradicating tumors in clinical trials. The objective of this study was to develop a novel T cell biomanufacturing platform using stirred-tank bioreactor for large-scale and high-quality cellular production. First, various factors, such as bioreactor parameters, media, supplements, stimulation, seed age, and donors, were investigated. A serum-free fed-batch bioproduction process was developed to achieve 1000-fold expansion within 8 days after first stimulation and another 500-fold expansion with second stimulation. Second, this biomanufacturing process was successfully scaled up in bioreactor with dilution factor of 10, and the robustness and reproducibility of the process was confirmed by the inclusion of different donors' T cells of various qualities. Finally, T cell quality was monitored using 12 surface markers and 3 intracellular cytokines as the critical quality assessment criteria in early, middle and late stages of cell production. In this study, a new biomanufacturing platform was created to produce reliable, reproducible, high-quality, and large-quantity (i.e. > 5 billion) human T cells in stirred-tank bioreactor. This platform is compatible with the production systems of monoclonal antibodies, vaccines, and other therapeutic cells, which provides not only the proof-of-concept but also the ready-to-use new approach of T cell expansion for clinical immune therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfa Ou
- 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1670 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35233 USA
| | - Yingnan Si
- 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1670 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35233 USA
| | - Yawen Tang
- 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1670 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35233 USA
| | - Grace E Salzer
- 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1670 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35233 USA
| | - Yun Lu
- 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1670 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35233 USA
| | - Seulhee Kim
- 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1670 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35233 USA
| | - Hongwei Qin
- 2Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1670 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35233 USA
| | - Lufang Zhou
- 3Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
| | - Xiaoguang Liu
- 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1670 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35233 USA
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