1
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Genovese F, Bager C, Frederiksen P, Vazquez D, Sand JMB, Jenkins RG, Maher TM, Stewart ID, Molyneaux PL, Fahy WA, Wain LV, Vestbo J, Nanthakumar C, Shaker SB, Hoyer N, Leeming DJ, George J, Trebicka J, Rasmussen DGK, Hansen MK, Cockwell P, Kremer D, Bakker SJ, Selby NM, Reese-Petersen AL, González A, Núñez J, Rossing P, Nissen NI, Boisen MK, Chen IM, Zhao L, Karsdal MA, Schuppan D. The fibroblast hormone Endotrophin is a biomarker of mortality in chronic diseases. Matrix Biol 2024; 132:1-9. [PMID: 38871093 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2024.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Fibrosis, driven by fibroblast activities, is an important contributor to morbidity and mortality in most chronic diseases. Endotrophin, a signaling molecule derived from processing of type VI collagen by highly activated fibroblasts, is involved in fibrotic tissue remodeling. Circulating levels of endotrophin have been associated with an increased risk of mortality in multiple chronic diseases. We conducted a systematic literature review collecting evidence from original papers published between 2012 and January 2023 that reported associations between circulating endotrophin (PROC6) and mortality. Cohorts with data available to the study authors were included in an Individual Patient Data (IPD) meta-analysis that evaluated the association of PROC6 with mortality (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42023340215) after adjustment for age, sex and BMI, where available. In the IPD meta-analysis including sixteen cohorts of patients with different non-communicable chronic diseases (NCCDs) (N = 15,205) the estimated summary hazard ratio for 3-years all-cause mortality was 2.10 (95 % CI 1.75-2.52) for a 2-fold increase in PROC6, with some heterogeneity observed between the studies (I2=70 %). This meta-analysis is the first study documenting that fibroblast activities, as quantified by circulating endotrophin, are independently associated with mortality across a broad range of NCCDs. This indicates that, irrespective of disease, interstitial tissue remodeling, and consequently fibroblast activities, has a central role in adverse clinical outcomes, and should be considered with urgency from drug developers as a target to treat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - R Gisli Jenkins
- Imperial College London 4615, National Heart & Lung Institute, London, UK
| | - Toby M Maher
- Keck Medicine of University of Southern California, 1510 San Pablo Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Iain D Stewart
- Imperial College London 4615, National Heart & Lung Institute, London, UK
| | - Philip L Molyneaux
- Imperial College London 4615, National Heart & Lung Institute, London, UK
| | - William A Fahy
- Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Louise V Wain
- The Institute for Lung Health, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Jørgen Vestbo
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, England
| | - Carmel Nanthakumar
- Clinical Sciences (Respiratory), GSK Research & Development, GSKH, Brentford, UK
| | - Saher Burhan Shaker
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Hovedstaden, Denmark
| | - Nils Hoyer
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Hovedstaden, Denmark
| | | | - Jacob George
- Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research and Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jonel Trebicka
- Medizinische Klinik B, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster University, Münster, Germany
| | | | | | - Paul Cockwell
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Daan Kremer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stephan Jl Bakker
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicholas M Selby
- Department of Renal Medicine, University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust, Derby, UK
| | | | - Arantxa González
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA Universidad de Navarra and IdiSNA 31008, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de investigacion biomedica en red enfermedades cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Núñez
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain
| | - Peter Rossing
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Mogens Karsbøl Boisen
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Inna M Chen
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Lei Zhao
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Lawrenceville, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Detlef Schuppan
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immune Therapy, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
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Linder M, Bennink L, Foxton RH, Kirkness M, Westenskow PD. In vivo monitoring of active subretinal fibrosis in mice using collagen hybridizing peptides. Lab Anim (NY) 2024; 53:196-204. [PMID: 39060633 PMCID: PMC11291276 DOI: 10.1038/s41684-024-01408-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Subretinal fibrosis is associated with worse visual outcomes in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration. As there is a lack of optimal biomarkers and no method that directly detects collagen in the back of the eye, novel tools that monitor fibrosis-related changes in neovascular age-related macular degeneration are needed. Here, using two mouse models (the laser-induced choroidal neovascularization model, and the JR5558 mouse presenting with spontaneous subretinal neovascularization with fibrosis), we imaged active fibrotic lesions using fluorescently labeled collagen hybridizing peptides (CHPs), short peptides that bind to single α-chain collagen structures during collagen remodeling. JR5558 retinal pigment epithelium/choroid flat mounts showed CHP co-staining with fibrosis and epithelial mesenchymal transition-related markers; additionally, CHP histopathology staining correlated with in vivo CHP imaging. After laser-induced choroidal neovascularization, in vivo CHP binding correlated with laser intensity, histopathology CHP and fibronectin staining. Laser-induced choroidal neovascularization showed decreased CHP intensity over time in healing/regressing versus active scars in vivo, whereas increased CHP binding correlated with elevated fibrosis in JR5558 mouse eyes with age. In bispecific angiopoietin 2/vascular endothelial growth factor antibody-treated JR5558 mice, CHPs detected significantly decreased collagen remodeling versus immunoglobulin G control. These results demonstrate the first use of CHPs to directly image remodeling collagen in the eye and as a potential clinical optical biomarker of active subretinal fibrosis associated with ocular neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Linder
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Basel, Switzerland
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Richard H Foxton
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Peter D Westenskow
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Basel, Switzerland.
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3
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Groen SS, Nielsen SH, Bay-Jensen AC, Rasti M, Ganatra D, Oikonomopoulou K, Chandran V. Investigating protease-mediated peptides of inflammation and tissue remodeling as biomarkers associated with flares in psoriatic arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2024; 26:107. [PMID: 38802975 PMCID: PMC11129460 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-024-03332-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is an inflammatory arthritis associated with psoriasis. PsA disease involves flares, which are associated with increased joint inflammation and tissue remodeling. There is a need for identifying biomarkers related to PsA disease activity and flares to improve the management of PsA patients and decrease flares. The tissue turnover imbalance that occurs during the inflammatory and fibro-proliferative processes during flares leads to an increased degradation and/or reorganization of the extracellular matrix (ECM), where increased proteolysis plays a key role. Hence, protease-mediated fragments of inflammatory and tissue-remodeling components could be used as markers reflecting flares in PsA patients. METHODS A broad panel of protease-mediated biomarkers reflecting inflammation and tissue remodeling was measured in serum and synovial fluid (SF) obtained from PsA patients experiencing flares (acutely swollen joint[s], PsA-flare). In serum, biomarker levels assessed in PsA-flare patients were compared to controls and in early-diagnosed PsA patients not experiencing flares (referred to as PsA without flare). Furthermore, the biomarker levels assessed in SF from PsA-flare patients were compared to the levels in SF of osteoarthritis (OA) patients. RESULTS In serum, levels of the PRO-C3 and C3M, reflecting formation and degradation of the interstitial matrix, were found significantly elevated in PsA-flare compared to controls and PsA without flare. The remodeling marker of the basement membrane, PRO-C4, was significantly elevated in PsA-flare compared to PsA without flare. The inflammation and immune cell activity related markers, CRPM, VICM, and CPa9-HNE were significantly elevated in PsA-flare patients compared to controls and PsA without flare. In addition, VICM (AUC = 0.71), CPa9-HNE (AUC = 0.89), CRPM (AUC = 0.76), and PRO-C3 (AUC = 0.86) showed good discriminatory performance for separating PsA-flare from PsA without flare. In SF, the macrophage activity marker, VICM, was significantly elevated whereas the type II collagen formation marker, PRO-C2, was significantly reduced in the PsA-flare compared to OA. The combination of five serum markers reflecting type III and IV collagen degradation (C3M and C4M, respectively), type III and VI collagen formation (PRO-C3 and PRO-C6, respectively), and neutrophil activity (CPa9-HNE) showed an excellent discriminatory performance (AUC = 0.98) for separating PsA-flare from PsA without flares. CONCLUSIONS The serum biomarker panel of C3M, C4M, PRO-C3, PRO-C6, and CPa9-HNE reflecting synovitis, enthesitis, and neutrophil activity may serve as novel tool for quantitatively monitoring flares in PsA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solveig Skovlund Groen
- ImmunoScience, Biomarkers and Research, Nordic Bioscience, Herlev, Denmark.
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - Signe Holm Nielsen
- ImmunoScience, Biomarkers and Research, Nordic Bioscience, Herlev, Denmark
- Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Mozhgan Rasti
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Darshini Ganatra
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Katerina Oikonomopoulou
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vinod Chandran
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Henriksen K, Genovese F, Reese-Petersen A, Audoly LP, Sun K, Karsdal MA, Scherer PE. Endotrophin, a Key Marker and Driver for Fibroinflammatory Disease. Endocr Rev 2024; 45:361-378. [PMID: 38091968 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnad036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Our overview covers several key areas related to recent results obtained for collagen type VI and endotrophin (ETP). (1) An introduction to the history of ETP, including how it was identified, how it is released, and its function and potential receptors. (2) An introduction to the collagen family, with a focus on what differentiates collagen type VI from an evolutionary standpoint. (3) An overview of collagen type VI, the 6 individual chains (COL6A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, and A6), their differences and similarities, as well as their expression profiles and function. (4) A detailed analysis of COL6A3, including the cleaved product endotrophin, and what separates it from the other 5 collagen 6 molecules, including its suggested function based on insights gained from knockout and gain of function mouse models. (5) The pathology of ETP. What leads to its presence and release and what are the consequences thereof? (6) Functional implications of circulating ETP. Here we review the data with the functional roles of ETP in mind. (7) We propose that ETP is a mediator for fibrotic (or fibroinflammatory) disorders. Based on what we know about ETP, we have to consider it as a target for the treatment of fibrotic (or fibroinflammatory) disorders. What segment(s) of the patient population would most dramatically respond to an ETP-targeted intervention? How can we find the population that would profit most from an intervention? We aim to present a broad overview over the ETP field at large, providing an assessment of where the future research efforts need to be placed to tap into the vast potential of ETP, both as a marker and as a target in different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Henriksen
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Nordic Bioscience A/S, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Federica Genovese
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Nordic Bioscience A/S, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | | | | | - Kai Sun
- Center for Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Morten A Karsdal
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Nordic Bioscience A/S, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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5
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Bagherani N, Firooz A, Ghanadan A, Smoller BR, Mirmomeni G, Shojaei R, Mondanizadeh M, Tavoosidana G. Assessment of efficacy of carboxytherapy in management of skin aging through evaluation of gene expression profile: a 2-split randomized clinical trial. Arch Dermatol Res 2023; 315:2575-2584. [PMID: 37402830 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-023-02656-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Skin aging is a continuous and irreversible process which results in impairment of the skin role as barrier against all aggressive exogenous factors. It mainly manifests by photoaging, laxity, sagging, wrinkling, and xerosis. Carboxytherapy is considered as a safe, minimally invasive modality used for rejuvenation, restoration, and recondition of the skin. In the current study, the efficacy of carboxytherapy in the treatment of skin aging was assessed through investigation of gene expression profile for Coll I, Coll III, Coll IV, elastin, FGF, TGF-β1, and VEGF. Our study is a 2-split clinical trial in which carboxytherapy was performed on one side of the abdomen in 15 cases with intrinsically skin aging manifestations weekly for 10 sessions, while the other side of the abdomen was left without treatment. Two weeks after the last session, skin biopsies were taken from both the treated and control sides of the abdomen in order to assess gene expression profile by qRT-PCR. The analysis of gene expression levels for all of Coll I, Coll III, Coll IV, elastin, TGF-β1, FGF and VEGF genes showed a statistically significant difference between the interventional and control groups. The findings for all of these seven genes showed increase in the interventional group, among which Coll IV, VEGF, FGF, and elastin showed the higher mean changes. Our study confirmed the effectiveness of carboxytherapy in treating and reversing the intrinsically aging skin.Clinical Trial Registration Code and Date of Registration: ChiCTR2200055185; 2022/1/2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nooshin Bagherani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Firooz
- Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Clinical Trial Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Ghanadan
- Department of Dermatopathology, Razi Hospital, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute, Imam Khoemini Hospital Complex, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bruce R Smoller
- Department of Pathology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, USA
| | - Golshan Mirmomeni
- Hearing Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Reza Shojaei
- Department of Surgery, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Markazi Province, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Mondanizadeh
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Tavoosidana
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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6
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Corano Scheri K, Hsieh YW, Jeong E, Fawzi AA. Limited Hyperoxia-Induced Proliferative Retinopathy (LHIPR) as a Model of Retinal Fibrosis, Angiogenesis, and Inflammation. Cells 2023; 12:2468. [PMID: 37887312 PMCID: PMC10605514 DOI: 10.3390/cells12202468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The progression to fibrosis and traction in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and other ischemic retinopathies remains an important clinical and surgical challenge, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of its pathogenesis. Fibrosis is an unbalanced deposition of extracellular matrix components responsible for scar tissue formation with consequent tissue and organ impairment. Together with retinal traction, it is among the main causes of retinal detachment and vision loss. We capitalize on the Limited Hyperoxia Induced Retinopathy (LHIPR) model, as it reflects the more advanced pathological phenotypes seen in ROP and other ischemic retinopathies. To model LHIPR, we exposed wild-type C57Bl/6J mouse pups to 65% oxygen from P0 to P7. Then, the pups were returned to room air to recover until later endpoints. We performed histological and molecular analysis to evaluate fibrosis progression, angiogenesis, and inflammation at several time points, from 1.5 months to 9 months. In addition, we performed in vivo retinal imaging by optical coherence tomography (OCT) or OCT Angiography (OCTA) to follow the fibrovascular progression in vivo. Although the retinal morphology was relatively preserved, we found a progressive increase in preretinal fibrogenesis over time, up to 9 months of age. We also detected blood vessels in the preretinal space as well as an active inflammatory process, altogether mimicking advanced preretinal fibrovascular disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Amani A. Fawzi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (K.C.S.); (Y.-W.H.); (E.J.)
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7
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Sheng XR, Gao X, Schiffman C, Jiang J, Ramalingam TR, Lin CJF, Khanna D, Neighbors M. Biomarkers of fibrosis, inflammation, and extracellular matrix in the phase 3 trial of tocilizumab in systemic sclerosis. Clin Immunol 2023; 254:109695. [PMID: 37479123 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Drug development for systemic sclerosis (SSc) benefits from understanding the relationship between disease and circulating biomarkers to enable activities such as patient stratification and evaluation of therapeutic response. We measured biomarkers in serum from SSc patients from a phase 3 trial of tocilizumab (focuSSced) and compared baseline levels with healthy controls (HCs). Several baseline biomarkers appeared elevated in SSc patients compared to HCs, suggesting activation of epithelial damage, inflammation, fibrosis, and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. Baseline correlations among both periostin/COMP and ECM biomarker subsets implicated their participation in fibroblast activation. Tocilizumab treatment modulated serum biomarkers of macrophage activation, inflammation, and ECM turnover, including collagen formation and degradation neoepitopes. Baseline CRP, periostin, and SP-D showed prognostic trends for worsening lung function, and IL-6, COMP, periostin, and Pro-C3 showed prognostic trends for worsening skin thickness. These prognostic results warrant confirmation in additional patient cohorts to verify their utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Rebecca Sheng
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States of America.
| | - Xia Gao
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | | | - Jenny Jiang
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | | | - Celia J F Lin
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Dinesh Khanna
- University of Michigan Scleroderma Program, Division of Rheumatology/Department of Internal Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
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8
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Staff NP, Hrstka SC, Dasari S, Capobianco E, Rieger S. Skin Extracellular Matrix Breakdown Following Paclitaxel Therapy in Patients with Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4191. [PMID: 37627219 PMCID: PMC10453667 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15164191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemotherapeutic agent paclitaxel causes peripheral neuropathy, a dose-limiting side effect, in up to 68% of cancer patients. In this study, we investigated the impact of paclitaxel therapy on the skin of breast cancer patients with chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), building upon previous findings in zebrafish and rodents. Comprehensive assessments, including neurological examinations and quality of life questionnaires, were conducted, followed by intraepidermal nerve fiber (IENF) density evaluations using skin punch biopsies. Additionally, RNA sequencing, immunostaining for Matrix-Metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13), and transmission electron microscopy provided insights into molecular and ultrastructural changes in this skin. The results showed no significant difference in IENF density between the control and CIPN patients despite the presence of patient-reported CIPN symptoms. Nevertheless, the RNA sequencing and immunostaining on the skin revealed significantly upregulated MMP-13, which is known to play a key role in CIPN caused by paclitaxel therapy. Additionally, various genes involved in the regulation of the extracellular matrix, microtubules, cell cycle, and nervous system were significantly and differentially expressed. An ultrastructural examination of the skin showed changes in collagen and basement membrane structures. These findings highlight the presence of CIPN in the absence of IENF density changes and support the role of skin remodeling as a major contributor to CIPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan P. Staff
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (N.P.S.)
| | - Sybil C. Hrstka
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (N.P.S.)
| | - Surendra Dasari
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (N.P.S.)
| | | | - Sandra Rieger
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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9
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Madsen SF, Sand JMB, Juhl P, Karsdal M, Thudium CS, Siebuhr AS, Bay-Jensen AC. Fibroblasts are not just fibroblasts: clear differences between dermal and pulmonary fibroblasts' response to fibrotic growth factors. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9411. [PMID: 37296166 PMCID: PMC10256773 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36416-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) hallmark is skin fibrosis, but up to 80% of the patients have fibrotic involvement in the pulmonary system. Antifibrotic drugs which have failed in a general SSc population have now been approved in patients with SSc-associated interstitial lung disease (ILD). This indicates that the fibrotic progression and regulation of fibroblasts likely depend on local factors specific to the tissue type. This study investigated the difference between dermal and pulmonary fibroblasts in a fibrotic setting, mimicking the extracellular matrix. Primary healthy fibroblasts were grown in a crowded environment and stimulated with TGF-β1 and PDGF-AB. The viability, morphology, migration capacity, extracellular matrix formation, and gene expression were assessed: TGF-β1 only increased the viability in the dermal fibroblasts. PDGF-AB increased the migration capacity of dermal fibroblasts while the pulmonary fibroblasts fully migrated. The morphology of the fibroblasts was different without stimulation. TGF-β1 increased the formation of type III collagen in pulmonary fibroblasts, while PDGF-AB increased it in dermal fibroblasts. The gene expression trend of type VI collagen was the opposite after PDGF-AB stimulation. The fibroblasts exhibit different response profiles to TGF-β1 and PDGF-AB; this suggests that drivers of fibrosis are tissue-dependent, which needs to be considered in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Falkenløve Madsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Immunoscience, Nordic Bioscience, Herlev, Denmark.
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10
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Neltner TJ, Sahoo PK, Smith RW, Anders JPV, Arnett JE, Schmidt RJ, Johnson GO, Natarajan SK, Housh TJ. Effects of 8 Weeks of Shilajit Supplementation on Serum Pro-c1α1, a Biomarker of Type 1 Collagen Synthesis: A Randomized Control Trial. J Diet Suppl 2022; 21:1-12. [PMID: 36546868 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2022.2157522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 collagen is an abundant structural protein with importance to the skin, eyes, bones, ligaments, tendons, and muscles. Shilajit supplementation has been shown to increase gene expression of collagen synthesis, however, it is unclear if increased gene expression translates to increases in circulating levels. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of 8 weeks of daily supplementation with 500 mg·d-1 and 1000 mg·d-1 of Shilajit versus placebo on serum pro-c1α1, a biomarker of type 1 collagen synthesis. Thirty-five recreationally trained men (mean ± SD: age = 21.1 ± 1.8 yrs; body mass = 80.7 ± 12.4 kg; height = 180.9 ± 6.7 cm) volunteered to participate in this study. Mixed factorial and one-way ANOVAs were used to analyze mean differences between groups, with follow-up t-tests when necessary. Individual subject responses were assessed using the minimal clinically important difference and Chi-squared tests. There were significant (Low dose: p = 0.008, d = 1.2; High dose: p = 0.007, d = 1.3) increases in serum pro-c1α1 from pre- (Low dose: 42.5 ± 12.4 ng·mL-1; High dose: 42.7 ± 12.7 ng·mL-1) to post-supplementation (Low dose: 82.3 ± 46.5 ng·mL-1; High dose: 113.1 ± 78.7 ng·mL-1) for the low and high dose groups, however, no change (p > 0.05) for the placebo group. A greater proportion (p = 0.03) of subjects exhibited increases in pro-c1α1 that exceeded the minimal clinically important difference in the high dose Shilajit group (75%) compared to the placebo group (30%), but no differences (p = 0.06) between the low dose Shilajit group (69%) and placebo. In conclusion, 8 weeks of Shilajit supplementation with 500 and 1000 mg·d-1 increased type 1 collagen synthesis as indicated by serum levels of pro-c1α1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Neltner
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Prakash K Sahoo
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Robert W Smith
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | | | - Jocelyn E Arnett
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Richard J Schmidt
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Glen O Johnson
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Sathish Kumar Natarajan
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Terry J Housh
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
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11
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Schett G, Loza MJ, Palanichamy A, FitzGerald O, Ritchlin C, Bay-Jensen AC, Nielsen SH, Gao S, Hsia EC, Kollmeier AP, Xu XL, Baribaud F, Sweet K. Collagen Turnover Biomarkers Associate with Active Psoriatic Arthritis and Decrease with Guselkumab Treatment in a Phase 3 Clinical Trial (DISCOVER-2). Rheumatol Ther 2022; 9:1017-1030. [PMID: 35352313 PMCID: PMC9314487 DOI: 10.1007/s40744-022-00444-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Guselkumab, a novel interleukin-23p19 subunit monoclonal antibody, has been shown to effectively improve the diverse manifestations of active psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in two phase 3 trials (DISCOVER-1, DISCOVER-2). Serum concentrations of extracellular matrix (ECM) biomarkers at baseline and following treatment with guselkumab were evaluated in patients with active PsA, and the relationship of these biomarkers with baseline PsA characteristics and clinical response to guselkumab treatment was explored. METHODS Serum samples were collected at weeks 0, 4, 24, and 52 from a selected subset (N = 260) of the 739 biologic-naïve patients with PsA treated with guselkumab 100 mg every 4 or 8 weeks or placebo in DISCOVER-2. Demographically matched healthy controls (N = 76) were used for comparison. The samples were analyzed for ECM biomarkers associated with collagen degradation (C1M, C2M, C3M, C4M, C6M, C10C) and collagen formation (PRO-C1, PRO-C2, PRO-C3, PRO-C4, PRO-C6). RESULTS Baseline concentrations of collagen degradation biomarkers C1M, C3M, C4M, and C6M and collagen formation biomarkers PRO-C3 and PRO-C6 were significantly higher (i.e., ≥ 1.25-fold and false discovery rate adjusted p < 0.05) in PsA patients than in healthy controls. Serum C1M, C3M, C4M, and C6M levels declined from baseline in guselkumab-treated patients in both dosing regimens. In addition, guselkumab-treated ACR20 responders (≥ 20% improvement in American College of Rhematology response criteria) had significantly lower C1M levels than ACR20 nonresponders. CONCLUSION These data demonstrate that serum collagen biomarkers are elevated in patients with PsA compared with healthy controls and that treatment with guselkumab decreases levels of C1M, C3M, C4M, and C6M. Importantly, C1M serves as a biomarker that associates with improvement of joint signs and symptoms. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03158285.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Matthew J Loza
- Janssen Research & Development LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
| | | | - Oliver FitzGerald
- School of Medicine, Conway Institute for Biomolecular Research, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | | | | | | | - Sheng Gao
- Janssen Research & Development LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Hsia
- Janssen Research & Development LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Xie L Xu
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Kristen Sweet
- Janssen Research & Development LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
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12
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Williams L, Layton T, Yang N, Feldmann M, Nanchahal J. Collagen VI as a driver and disease biomarker in human fibrosis. FEBS J 2021; 289:3603-3629. [PMID: 34109754 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis of visceral organs such as the lungs, heart, kidneys and liver remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality and is also associated with many other disorders, including cancer and metabolic disease. In this review, we focus upon the microfibrillar collagen VI, which is present in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of most tissues. However, expression is elevated in numerous fibrotic conditions, such as idiopathic pulmonary disease (IPF), and chronic liver and kidney diseases. Collagen VI is composed of three subunits α1, α2 and α3, which can be replaced with alternate chains of α4, α5 or α6. The C-terminal globular domain (C5) of collagen VI α3 can be proteolytically cleaved to form a biologically active fragment termed endotrophin, which has been shown to actively drive fibrosis, inflammation and insulin resistance. Tissue biopsies have long been considered the gold standard for diagnosis and monitoring of progression of fibrotic disease. The identification of neoantigens from enzymatically processed collagen chains have revolutionised the biomarker field, allowing rapid diagnosis and evaluation of prognosis of numerous fibrotic conditions, as well as providing valuable clinical trial endpoint determinants. Collagen VI chain fragments such as endotrophin (PRO-C6), C6M and C6Mα3 are emerging as important biomarkers for fibrotic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Williams
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Thomas Layton
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Nan Yang
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Marc Feldmann
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Jagdeep Nanchahal
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, UK
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13
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Dobrota R, Jordan S, Juhl P, Maurer B, Wildi L, Bay-Jensen AC, Karsdal MA, Herrick AL, Distler JHW, Allanore Y, Hoffmann-Vold AM, Siebuhr AS, Distler O. Circulating collagen neo-epitopes and their role in the prediction of fibrosis in patients with systemic sclerosis: a multicentre cohort study. THE LANCET. RHEUMATOLOGY 2021; 3:e175-e184. [PMID: 38279380 DOI: 10.1016/s2665-9913(20)30385-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular matrix remodelling is a hallmark of systemic sclerosis. We evaluated extracellular matrix neo-epitopes as potential serum biomarkers for progression of fibrosis in systemic sclerosis. METHODS We included patients meeting the 2013 American College of Rheumatology and European League Against Rheumatism criteria and healthy controls from a derivation and validation cohort. The primary outcome was progression of fibrosis at follow-up, defined as decline in percentage of predicted forced vital capacity of 10% or more in patients with interstitial lung disease or increase in modified Rodnan skin score of 25% or more and more than 5 points at a 1-year follow-up visit. Longitudinal assessment and biobanking followed European Scleroderma Trials and Research standards. Extracellular matrix-degradation (BGM, C3M, C4M, and C6M) and extracellular matrix-formation neo-epitopes (PRO-C1, PRO-C3, PRO-C4, PRO-C5, and PRO-C6) were measured in serum using validated ELISAs. FINDINGS Between Aug 18, 2011, and Jan 19, 2015, 149 patients with systemic sclerosis (27 [18%] progressors and 122 [82%] non-progressors) and 29 healthy controls were included in the derivation cohort. Concentrations of type III and IV collagen neo-epitopes were higher in patients with systemic sclerosis compared with healthy controls and were significantly associated with systemic sclerosis in univariable logistic regression. Concentrations of degradation neo-epitopes of type III and IV collagens and their turnover ratios distinguished between progressors and non-progressors (C3M area under the curve 0·77 [95% CI 0·67-0·86], p<0·0001; PRO-C3:C3M 0·70 [0·59-0·80], p=0·0013; C4M 0·73 [0·63-0·82], p<0·0001; PRO-C4:C4M 0·75 [0·64-0·86], p<0·0001). 384 patients with systemic sclerosis (73 [19%] progressors) and 60 healthy controls were included in the multicentre validation cohort between April 17, 2003, and Jan 24, 2017. Analysis of the validation cohort confirmed that neo-epitopes of type III and IV collagens are changed in progressors. In a pooled analysis of both cohorts, the serum concentrations of formation neo-epitopes PRO-C3 and PRO-C4 and the turnover ratio of type IV collagen (PRO-C4:C4M) were higher in skin progressors. The turnover ratio of type IV collagen and PRO-C3 significantly predicted skin progression in a multivariable model adjusted for modified Rodnan skin score, sex, and age. INTERPRETATION These data suggest that neo-epitopes of type III and IV collagens are promising biomarkers for the assessment and prediction of extracellular matrix remodelling in systemic sclerosis. They could be used in clinical practice to risk stratify patients at risk of progression of fibrosis. FUNDING None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rucsandra Dobrota
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Suzana Jordan
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pernille Juhl
- Immuno-Science, Nordic Bioscience, Biomarker and Research, Herlev, Denmark; Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Britta Maurer
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Wildi
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Ariane L Herrick
- Division of Musculoskeletal & Dermatological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Salford Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Jörg H W Distler
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yannick Allanore
- INSERM U1016, Department of Rheumatology, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | | | - Anne Sofie Siebuhr
- Immuno-Science, Nordic Bioscience, Biomarker and Research, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Oliver Distler
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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14
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Clark KEN, Denton CP. Unravelling extracellular matrix biomarkers in systemic sclerosis. THE LANCET. RHEUMATOLOGY 2021; 3:e162-e163. [PMID: 38279377 DOI: 10.1016/s2665-9913(20)30412-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina E N Clark
- Centre for Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases, Division of Medicine, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Christopher P Denton
- Centre for Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases, Division of Medicine, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK.
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15
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Leeming DJ, Genovese F, Sand JMB, Rasmussen DGK, Christiansen C, Jenkins G, Maher TM, Vestbo J, Karsdal MA. Can biomarkers of extracellular matrix remodelling and wound healing be used to identify high risk patients infected with SARS-CoV-2?: lessons learned from pulmonary fibrosis. Respir Res 2021; 22:38. [PMID: 33546680 PMCID: PMC7863042 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-01590-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis has been identified as a main factor leading to pulmonary dysfunction and poor quality of life in post-recovery Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) survivor's consequent to SARS-Cov-2 infection. Thus there is an urgent medical need for identification of readily available biomarkers that in patients with SARS-Cov-2 infection are able to; (1) identify patients in most need of medical care prior to admittance to an intensive care unit (ICU), and; (2) identify patients post-infection at risk of developing persistent fibrosis of lungs with subsequent impaired quality of life and increased morbidity and mortality. An intense amount of research have focused on wound healing and Extracellular Matrix (ECM) remodelling of the lungs related to lung function decline in pulmonary fibrosis (PF). A range of non-invasive serological biomarkers, reflecting tissue remodelling, and fibrosis have been shown to predict risk of acute exacerbations, lung function decline and mortality in PF and other interstitial lung diseases (Sand et al. in Respir Res 19:82, 2018). We suggest that lessons learned from such PF studies of the pathological processes leading to lung function decline could be used to better identify patients infected with SARS-Co-V2 at most risk of acute deterioration or persistent fibrotic damage of the lung and could consequently be used to guide treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - G Jenkins
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - T M Maher
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - J Vestbo
- Division of Infection Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, The University of Manchester and Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, England
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16
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Karsdal MA, Kraus VB, Shevell D, Bay-Jensen AC, Schattenberg J, Rambabu Surabattula R, Schuppan D. Profiling and targeting connective tissue remodeling in autoimmunity - A novel paradigm for diagnosing and treating chronic diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2020; 20:102706. [PMID: 33188918 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Connective tissue (ConT) remodeling is an essential process in tissue regeneration, where a balanced replacement of old tissue by new tissue occurs. This balance is disturbed in chronic diseases, often autoimmune diseases, usually resulting in the buld up of fibrosis and a gradual loss of organ function. During progression of liver, lung, skin, heart, joint, skeletal and kidney diseasesboth ConT formation and degradation are elevated, which is tightly linked to immune cell activation and a loss of specific cell types and extracellular matrix (ECM) structures that are required for normal organ function. Here, we address the balance of key general and organ specific components of the ECM during homeostasis and in disease, with a focus on collagens, which are emerging as both structural and signaling molecules harbouring neoepitopes and autoantigens that are released during ConT remodeling. Specific collagen molecular signatures of ConT remodeling are linked to disease activity and stage, and to prognosis across different organs. These signatures accompany and further drive disease progression, and often become detectable before clinical disease manifestation (illness). Recent advances allow to quantify and define the nature of ConT remodeling via blood-based assays that measure the levels of well-defined collagen fragments, reflecting different facets of ConT formation and degradation, and associated immunological processes. These novel serum assays are becoming important tools of precision medicine, to detect various chronic and autoimmune diseases before their clinical manifestation, and to non-invasively monitor the efficacy of a broad range of pharmacological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Asser Karsdal
- Nordic Bioscience, Biomarkers & Research A/S, Herlev, Metabolic Liver Research Program, Denmark
| | - Virginia Byers Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Diane Shevell
- Clinical Biomarkers and Immunology, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Westfield, NJ, USA
| | | | | | - R Rambabu Surabattula
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immune Therapy, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immune Therapy, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany; Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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17
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Fager Ferrari M, Zetterberg E, Rossing M, Manon-Jensen T, Pehrsson M, Karsdal MA, Lykkesfeldt J, Leinoe E. Collagen remodelling and plasma ascorbic acid levels in patients suspected of inherited bleeding disorders harbouring germline variants in collagen-related genes. Haemophilia 2020; 27:e69-e77. [PMID: 33161638 PMCID: PMC7894344 DOI: 10.1111/hae.14195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Variants in collagen‐related genes COL1A1, COL3A1, COL5A1 and COL5A2 are associated with Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome (EDS), a heterogeneous group of connective tissue disorders strongly associated with increased bleeding. Of patients with incompletely explained bleeding diathesis, a relatively high proportion were shown to harbour at least one heterozygous variant of unknown significance (VUS) in one of these genes, the vast majority without meeting the clinical criteria for EDS. Aim To investigate the functional consequences of the identified variants by assessing the formation and degradation of types I, III and V collagen, in addition to plasma levels of ascorbic acid (AA). Methods A total of 31 patients harbouring at least one heterozygous VUS in COL1A1, COL3A1, COL5A1 or COL5A2 and 20 healthy controls were assessed using monoclonal antibodies targeting neo‐epitopes specific for collagen formation and degradation. Plasma AA levels were measured in patients using high‐performance liquid chromatography. Results Serum levels of C5 M (degradation of type V collagen) were decreased in patients compared with healthy controls (p = .033). No significant differences were found in biomarkers for remodelling of types I and III collagen. A significant negative correlation between bleeding (ISTH‐BAT score) and plasma AA levels was shown (r = −.42; r2 = .17; p = .020). Suboptimal or marginally deficient AA status was found in 8/31 patients (26%). Conclusion Functional investigations of collagen remodelling were not able to identify any clear associations between the identified variants and increased bleeding. The negative correlation between plasma AA levels and ISTH‐BAT score motivates further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Fager Ferrari
- Clinical Coagulation Research Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Eva Zetterberg
- Clinical Coagulation Research Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Maria Rossing
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Martin Pehrsson
- Nordic Bioscience A/S, Biomarkers & Research, Herlev, Denmark
| | | | - Jens Lykkesfeldt
- Department of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Eva Leinoe
- Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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18
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Juhl P, Bondesen S, Hawkins CL, Karsdal MA, Bay-Jensen AC, Davies MJ, Siebuhr AS. Dermal fibroblasts have different extracellular matrix profiles induced by TGF-β, PDGF and IL-6 in a model for skin fibrosis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17300. [PMID: 33057073 PMCID: PMC7560847 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74179-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Different stimulants might induce different extracellular matrix profiles. It is essential to gain an understanding and quantification of these changes to allow for focused anti-fibrotic drug development. This study investigated the expression of extracellular matrix by dermal fibroblast mimicking fibrotic skin diseases as SSc using clinically validated biomarkers. Primary healthy human dermal fibroblasts were grown in media containing FICOLL. The cells were stimulated with PDGF-AB, TGF-β1, or IL-6. Anti-fibrotic compounds (iALK-5, Nintedanib) were added together with growth factors. Biomarkers of collagen formation and degradation together with fibronectin were evaluated by ELISAs in the collected supernatant. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to visualize fibroblasts and proteins, while selected gene expression levels were examined through qPCR. TGF-β and PDGF, and to a lesser extent IL-6, increased the metabolic activity of the fibroblasts. TGF-β primarily increased type I collagen and fibronectin protein and gene expression together with αSMA. PDGF stimulation resulted in increased type III and VI collagen formation and gene expression. IL-6 decreased fibronectin levels. iALK5 could inhibit TGF-β induced fibrosis while nintedanib could halt fibrosis induced by TGF-β or PDGF. Tocilizumab could not inhibit fibrosis induced in this model. The extent and nature of fibrosis are dependent on the stimulant. The model has potential as a pre-clinical model as the fibroblasts fibrotic phenotype could be reversed by an ALK5 inhibitor and Nintedanib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernille Juhl
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Biomarkers and Research, Nordic Bioscience, Herlev hovedgade 207, 2730, Herlev, Denmark.
| | - Sandie Bondesen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biomarkers and Research, Nordic Bioscience, Herlev hovedgade 207, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Clare Louise Hawkins
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Asser Karsdal
- Biomarkers and Research, Nordic Bioscience, Herlev hovedgade 207, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
| | | | | | - Anne Sofie Siebuhr
- Biomarkers and Research, Nordic Bioscience, Herlev hovedgade 207, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
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19
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Williams LM, McCann FE, Cabrita MA, Layton T, Cribbs A, Knezevic B, Fang H, Knight J, Zhang M, Fischer R, Bonham S, Steenbeek LM, Yang N, Sood M, Bainbridge C, Warwick D, Harry L, Davidson D, Xie W, Sundstrӧm M, Feldmann M, Nanchahal J. Identifying collagen VI as a target of fibrotic diseases regulated by CREBBP/EP300. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:20753-20763. [PMID: 32759223 PMCID: PMC7456151 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2004281117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrotic diseases remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality, yet there are few effective therapies. The underlying pathology of all fibrotic conditions is the activity of myofibroblasts. Using cells from freshly excised disease tissue from patients with Dupuytren's disease (DD), a localized fibrotic disorder of the palm, we sought to identify new therapeutic targets for fibrotic disease. We hypothesized that the persistent activity of myofibroblasts in fibrotic diseases might involve epigenetic modifications. Using a validated genetics-led target prioritization algorithm (Pi) of genome wide association studies (GWAS) data and a broad screen of epigenetic inhibitors, we found that the acetyltransferase CREBBP/EP300 is a major regulator of contractility and extracellular matrix production via control of H3K27 acetylation at the profibrotic genes, ACTA2 and COL1A1 Genomic analysis revealed that EP300 is highly enriched at enhancers associated with genes involved in multiple profibrotic pathways, and broad transcriptomic and proteomic profiling of CREBBP/EP300 inhibition by the chemical probe SGC-CBP30 identified collagen VI (Col VI) as a prominent downstream regulator of myofibroblast activity. Targeted Col VI knockdown results in significant decrease in profibrotic functions, including myofibroblast contractile force, extracellular matrix (ECM) production, chemotaxis, and wound healing. Further evidence for Col VI as a major determinant of fibrosis is its abundant expression within Dupuytren's nodules and also in the fibrotic foci of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Thus, Col VI may represent a tractable therapeutic target across a range of fibrotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn M Williams
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona E McCann
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
| | - Marisa A Cabrita
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Layton
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Cribbs
- Botnar Research Centre, National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, United Kingdom
| | - Bogdan Knezevic
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Hai Fang
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Julian Knight
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Mingjun Zhang
- Biotherapeutics Department, Celgene Corporation, San Diego, CA 92121
| | - Roman Fischer
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Bonham
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom
| | - Leenart M Steenbeek
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nan Yang
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
| | - Manu Sood
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Broomfield Hospital, Mid and South Essex National Health Service Foundation Trust, Chelmsford CM1 4ET, Essex, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Bainbridge
- Pulvertaft Hand Surgery Centre, Royal Derby Hospital, University Hospitals of Derby and Burton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Derby DE22 3NE, United Kingdom
| | - David Warwick
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Lorraine Harry
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Queen Victoria Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, East Grinstead RH19 3DZ, United Kingdom
| | - Dominique Davidson
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, St. John's Hospital, Livingston, West Lothian EH54 6PP, United Kingdom
| | - Weilin Xie
- Biotherapeutics Department, Celgene Corporation, San Diego, CA 92121
| | - Michael Sundstrӧm
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Karolinska Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marc Feldmann
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom;
| | - Jagdeep Nanchahal
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom;
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20
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Utsunomiya N, Utsunomiya A, Chino T, Hasegawa M, Oyama N. Gene silencing of extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1) results in phenotypic alterations of dermal fibroblasts reminiscent of clinical features of lichen sclerosus. J Dermatol Sci 2020; 100:99-109. [PMID: 33046330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2020.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lichen sclerosus (LS) is an acquired inflammatory mucocutaneous disease affecting the anogenital area, characterized histologically by hyalinosis and thickened vessel walls in the dermis. The presence of serum autoantibodies against extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1) in LS patients may suggest its involvement in disease pathogenesis. OBJECTIVE To examine if reduced ECM1 production by dermal fibroblasts contributes to the pathogenic features of LS. METHODS Gene expression in ECM1 knockdown human dermal fibroblasts was analyzed by cDNA microarray. Functional enrichment for genes involved in cellular functions was conducted. Protein expression was analyzed by ELISA and confocal laser scanning microscopy using LS skin. RESULTS Microarray analysis identified 3035 differentially expressed genes in ECM1 knockdown cells, wherein 1471 were upregulated genes related exclusively to cell adhesion, proliferation, apoptosis, intracellular signaling, and extracellular matrix organization. Further narrowing with criteria specific for localization and function of ECM1 identified 48 upregulated genes identified to have structural, fibrogenic, and carcinogenic properties. Of these, laminin-332 and collagen-IV displayed altered immunolabeling within the basement membrane zone (BMZ) and dermal vessels in LS skin, similar to that of collagen-VII, which exhibited unchanged transcription levels in ECM1-knockdown fibroblasts. Collagen-VII bound to recombinant ECM1 in a solid-phase immunoassay and colocalized with ECM1 in the skin BMZ. Further, ECM1-knockdown fibroblasts exhibited a marked delay in cell migration and gel contraction. CONCLUSION In the absence of ECM1 expression in fibroblasts there is selective dysregulation and disassembly of structural and extracellular matrix molecules, which may result in microstructural abnormalities reminiscent of LS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuko Utsunomiya
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Akira Utsunomiya
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Takenao Chino
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Minoru Hasegawa
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Noritaka Oyama
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan.
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21
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Wang J, Pan W. The Biological Role of the Collagen Alpha-3 (VI) Chain and Its Cleaved C5 Domain Fragment Endotrophin in Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:5779-5793. [PMID: 32606789 PMCID: PMC7319802 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s256654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The collagen alpha-3 (VI) chain encoded by the gene COL6A3 is one of the 3 subunits of collagen VI which is a microfibrillar component of the extracellular matrix and is essential for the stable assembly process of collagen VI. The collagen alpha-3 (VI) chain and the cleaved C5 domain fragment, called endotrophin, are highly expressed in a variety of cancers and play a crucial role in cancer progression. The biological functions of endotrophin in tumors can be driven by adipocytes. Studies have demonstrated that endotrophin can directly affect the malignancy of cancer cells through TGF-β-dependent mechanisms, inducing epithelial–mesenchymal transition and fibrosis of the tumor microenvironment. In addition, endotrophin can also recruit macrophages and endothelial cells through chemotaxis to regulate the tumor microenvironment and ultimately promote tumor inflammation and angiogenesis. Furthermore, COL6A3 and endotrophin serve as novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in cancer and contribute to clinical therapeutic applications in the future. In summary, in this review, we discuss the importance of the collagen alpha-3 (VI) chain and endotrophin in cancer progression, the future clinical applications of endotrophin and the remaining challenges in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingya Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wensheng Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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22
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Heumüller SE, Talantikite M, Napoli M, Armengaud J, Mörgelin M, Hartmann U, Sengle G, Paulsson M, Moali C, Wagener R. C-terminal proteolysis of the collagen VI α3 chain by BMP-1 and proprotein convertase(s) releases endotrophin in fragments of different sizes. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:13769-13780. [PMID: 31346034 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.008641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The assembly of collagen VI microfibrils is a multistep process in which proteolytic processing within the C-terminal globular region of the collagen VI α3 chain plays a major role. However, the mechanisms involved remain elusive. Moreover, C5, the short and most C-terminal domain of the α3 chain, recently has been proposed to be released as an adipokine that enhances tumor progression, fibrosis, inflammation, and insulin resistance and has been named "endotrophin." Serum endotrophin could be a useful biomarker to monitor the progression of such disorders as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, systemic sclerosis, and kidney diseases. Here, using biochemical and isotopic MS-based analyses, we found that the extracellular metalloproteinase bone morphogenetic protein 1 (BMP-1) is involved in endotrophin release and determined the exact BMP-1 cleavage site. Moreover, we provide evidence that several endotrophin-containing fragments are present in various tissues and body fluids. Among these, a large C2-C5 fragment, which contained endotrophin, was released by furin-like proprotein convertase cleavage. By using immunofluorescence microscopy and EM, we also demonstrate that these proteolytic maturations occur after secretion of collagen VI tetramers and during microfibril assembly. Differential localization of N- and C-terminal regions of the collagen VI α3 chain revealed that cleavage products are deposited in tissue and cell cultures. The detailed information on the processing of the collagen VI α3 chain reported here provides a basis for unraveling the function of endotrophin (C5) and larger endotrophin-containing fragments and for refining their use as biomarkers of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maya Talantikite
- Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Laboratory, UMR5305 CNRS/University of Lyon, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Manon Napoli
- Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Laboratory, UMR5305 CNRS/University of Lyon, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Jean Armengaud
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA)-Marcoule, DRF/JOLIOT/DMTS/SPI/Li2D, Innovative Technologies for Detection and Diagnostics Laboratory, 30200 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | | | - Ursula Hartmann
- Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Gerhard Sengle
- Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Center for Musculoskeletal Biomechanics (CCMB), 50931 Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Experimental Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Mats Paulsson
- Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Center for Musculoskeletal Biomechanics (CCMB), 50931 Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Catherine Moali
- Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Laboratory, UMR5305 CNRS/University of Lyon, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Raimund Wagener
- Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany .,Cologne Center for Musculoskeletal Biomechanics (CCMB), 50931 Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
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23
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Juhl P, Vinderslev Iversen L, Karlsmark T, Asser Karsdal M, Bay-Jensen AC, Mogensen M, Siebuhr AS. Association of metabolites reflecting type III and VI collagen formation with modified Rodnan skin score in systemic sclerosis – a cross-sectional study. Biomarkers 2019; 24:373-378. [DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2019.1587509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pernille Juhl
- Nordic Bioscience, Biomarker and Research, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Tonny Karlsmark
- Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Mette Mogensen
- Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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