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Kolb AW, Chau VQ, Miller DL, Yannuzzi NA, Brandt CR. Phylogenetic and Recombination Analysis of Clinical Vitreous Humor-Derived Adenovirus Isolates Reveals Discordance Between Serotype and Phylogeny. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:12. [PMID: 38319669 PMCID: PMC10854415 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.2.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To sequence, identify, and perform phylogenetic and recombination analysis on three clinical adenovirus samples taken from the vitreous humor at the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute. Methods The PacBio Sequel II was used to sequence the genomes of the three clinical adenovirus isolates. To identify the isolates, a full genome-based multiple sequence alignment (MSA) of 722 mastadenoviruses was generated using multiple alignment using fast Fourier transform (MAFFT). MAFFT was also used to generate genome-based human adenovirus B (HAdV-B) MSAs, as well as HAdV-B fiber, hexon, and penton protein-based MSAs. To examine recombination within HAdV-B, RF-Net 2 and Bootscan software programs were used. Results In the course of classifying three new atypical ocular adenovirus samples, taken from the vitreous humor, we found that all three isolates were HAdV-B species. The three Bascom Palmer HAdV-B genomes were then combined with over 300 HAdV-B genome sequences, including nine ocular HAdV-B genome sequences. Attempts to categorize the penton, hexon, and fiber serotypes using phylogeny of the three Bascom Palmer samples were inconclusive due to incongruence between serotype and phylogeny in the dataset. Recombination analysis using a subset of HAdV-B strains to generate a hybridization network detected recombination between nonhuman primate and human-derived strains, recombination between one HAdV-B strain and the HAdV-E outgroup, and limited recombination between the B1 and B2 clades. Conclusions The discordance between serotype and phylogeny detected in this study suggests that the current classification system does not accurately describe the natural history and phylogenetic relationships among adenoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron W. Kolb
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Viet Q. Chau
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Darlene L. Miller
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Nicolas A. Yannuzzi
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Curtis R. Brandt
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
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2
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Elsayed NS, Wolfe AJ, Burk RD. Urine microbiome in individuals with an impaired immune system. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 13:1308665. [PMID: 38274734 PMCID: PMC10808152 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1308665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
With the advent of next generation sequencing, it is now appreciated that human urine is not sterile. Recent investigations of the urinary microbiome (urobiome) have provided insights into several urological diseases. Urobiome dysbiosis, defined as non-optimal urine microbiome composition, has been observed in many disorders; however, it is not clear whether this dysbiosis is the cause of urinary tract disorders or a consequence. In addition, immunologically altered disorders are associated with higher rates of urinary tract infections. These disorders include immunoproliferative and immunodeficiency diseases, cancer, and immunosuppressant therapy in transplant recipients. In this review, we examine the current state of knowledge of the urobiome in immunologically altered diseases, its composition and metabolomic consequences. We conclude that more data are required to describe the urobiome in immune altered states, knowledge that could facilitate understanding the role of the urobiome and its pathophysiological effects on urinary tract infections and other disorders of the urinary tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha S. Elsayed
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Alan J. Wolfe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Robert D. Burk
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Epidemiology and Population Health, and Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women’s Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
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3
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Idigoras P, Montes M, López-Olaizola M, de la Caba I, Grandioso D, Cilla G. Adenovirus-Associated Urethritis, a Not So Uncommon Entity. A Review of 91 Cases. Sex Transm Dis 2023; 50:770-773. [PMID: 37643409 DOI: 10.1097/olq.0000000000001861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human adenovirus (HAdV) is likely an underdiagnosed cause of urethritis, although it was already associated with urethritis in descriptions published more than 40 years ago. Differential clinical features of this entity, such as meatitis, conjunctivitis, and a predominance of mononuclear white blood cells in first-void urine and/or urethral smear, can be useful to increase diagnostic suspicion. METHODS We retrospectively studied 91 episodes of HAdV-associated urethritis diagnosed for 9 years and 6 months after optimizing efforts to detect the pathogen mainly in patients with features suggestive of this condition. RESULTS Dysuria was the main symptom (84%), whereas meatitis was observed in 34% of cases. Furthermore, 40% of patients had conjunctivitis. Human adenovirus type D was the most prevalent HAdV (56%), although HAdV-C6, a type not previously associated with urethritis, was observed in 12 patients (13%). CONCLUSIONS Urethritis due to HAdV is not uncommon, and it is important to screen for it to avoid unnecessary treatments, contact tracing studies, and checkups. The use of multiplex polymerase chain reaction assays that include HAdV, for the diagnosis of urethritis, would raise awareness of its role in this entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Idigoras
- From the Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain
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4
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Toh E, Xing Y, Gao X, Jordan SJ, Batteiger TA, Batteiger BE, Van Der Pol B, Muzny CA, Gebregziabher N, Williams JA, Fortenberry LJ, Fortenberry JD, Dong Q, Nelson DE. Sexual behavior shapes male genitourinary microbiome composition. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:100981. [PMID: 36948151 PMCID: PMC10040456 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.100981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
The origin, composition, and significance of the distal male urethral microbiome are unclear, but vaginal microbiome dysbiosis is linked to new sex partners and several urogynecological syndromes. We characterized 110 urethral specimens from men without urethral symptoms, infections, or inflammation using shotgun metagenomics. Most urethral specimens contain characteristic lactic acid bacteria and Corynebacterium spp. In contrast, several bacteria associated with vaginal dysbiosis were present only in specimens from men who reported vaginal intercourse. Sexual behavior, but not other evaluated behavioral, demographic, or clinical variables, strongly associated with inter-specimen variance in urethral microbiome composition. Thus, the male urethra supports a simple core microbiome that is established independent of sexual exposures but can be re-shaped by vaginal sex. Overall, the results suggest that urogenital microbiology and sexual behavior are inexorably intertwined, and show that the male urethra harbors female urogenital pathobionts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Toh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Yue Xing
- Department of Medicine, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Medicine, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Stephen J Jordan
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Teresa A Batteiger
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Byron E Batteiger
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Barbara Van Der Pol
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Christina A Muzny
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Netsanet Gebregziabher
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - James A Williams
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Lora J Fortenberry
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - J Dennis Fortenberry
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Qunfeng Dong
- Department of Medicine, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA; Center for Biomedical Informatics, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.
| | - David E Nelson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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5
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Li L, Cai J, Eisenberg JNS, Goetsch HE, Love NG, Wigginton KR. Virus Emissions from Toilet Flushing: Comparing Urine-Diverting to Mix Flush Toilets. ACS ES&T WATER 2023; 3:457-464. [PMID: 36818380 PMCID: PMC9927869 DOI: 10.1021/acsestwater.2c00521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
High levels of viruses can be found in human excrement from infected individuals, a fraction of which can be emitted from toilet flushing. Unlike the common mix flush toilet (MFT), the urine-diverting toilet (UDT) separates urine from the toilet water. Specific focus on urine-associated viruses is needed because the UDT can emit different levels of urine-associated and fecal-borne viruses and urine has different properties compared to feces that can affect emission levels (e.g., protein content). In this work, we quantified emission levels of surrogate bacteriophages for urine-associated and fecal-borne viruses, MS2 and T3, from flushing a UDT and an MFT, with and without protein in the water. Emission levels of viruses in the water of the UDT were lower than that of the MFT by up to 1.2-log10 and 1.3-log10 for T3 and MS2, respectively. If urine is completely diverted in the UDT, virus emissions can be reduced by up to 4-log10. Based on these results and typical levels in urine and feces, we estimate that up to 107 and 108 gene copies of human viruses per flush can be released from the UDT and MFT, respectively. Lower emissions observed with the UDT suggest reduced exposure to viruses from flushing the UDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucinda Li
- Civil
and Environmental Engineering, University
of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jinyi Cai
- Civil
and Environmental Engineering, University
of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Joseph N. S. Eisenberg
- Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Heather E. Goetsch
- Civil
and Environmental Engineering, University
of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Nancy G. Love
- Civil
and Environmental Engineering, University
of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Krista R. Wigginton
- Civil
and Environmental Engineering, University
of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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6
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Sensitivity of Human Mastadenovirus, the Causal Agent of Pharyngoconjunctival Fever, Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis, and Hemorrhagic Cystitis in Immunocompromised Individuals, to Brincidofovir. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0156921. [PMID: 35171015 PMCID: PMC8849070 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01569-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mastadenovirus (HAdV), a linear double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) virus, is the causal agent of several diseases, including pharyngoconjunctival fever, epidemic keratoconjunctivitis, and hemorrhagic cystitis, in immunocompromised individuals. There are more than 100 reported types of adenoviruses, but the pathogenicity of many HAdVs remains unknown. Brincidofovir (BCV) is a hexadecyloxypropyl lipid conjugate of cidofovir (CDV) that is active against dsDNA viruses. Clinical effectiveness of BCV against certain HAdV species has been reported; however, its activity against novel HAdV types remains unknown. We investigated the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of BCV for novel HAdV types and found that the epidemic keratoconjunctivitis-associated HAdV-D54 prevalent in the Asian region was the most susceptible. The mean overall IC50 value of BCV was lower than that of CDV, indicating that BCV is effective against HAdVs, including the novel types. IMPORTANCE We investigated the IC50 values of BCV for novel HAdV types and found that the epidemic keratoconjunctivitis-associated HAdV-D54 prevalent in the Asian region was the most susceptible. In addition, the mean overall IC50 value of BCV was lower than that of CDV, indicating that BCV is effective against HAdVs.
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Lynch JP, Kajon AE. Adenovirus: Epidemiology, Global Spread of Novel Types, and Approach to Treatment. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 42:800-821. [PMID: 34918322 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1733802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Adenoviruses (AdVs) are DNA viruses that typically cause mild infections involving the upper or lower respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, or conjunctiva. Rare manifestations of AdV infections include hemorrhagic cystitis, hepatitis, hemorrhagic colitis, pancreatitis, nephritis, or meningoencephalitis. AdV infections are more common in young children, due to lack of humoral immunity. Epidemics of AdV infection may occur in healthy children or adults in closed or crowded settings (particularly military recruits). The vast majority of cases are self-limited. However, the clinical spectrum is broad and fatalities may occur. Dissemination is more likely in patients with impaired immunity (e.g., organ transplant recipients, human immunodeficiency virus infection). Fatality rates for untreated severe AdV pneumonia or disseminated disease may exceed 50%. More than 100 genotypes and 52 serotypes of AdV have been identified and classified into seven species designated HAdV-A through -G. Different types display different tissue tropisms that correlate with clinical manifestations of infection. The predominant types circulating at a given time differ among countries or regions, and change over time. Transmission of novel strains between countries or across continents and replacement of dominant viruses by new strains may occur. Treatment of AdV infections is controversial, as prospective, randomized therapeutic trials have not been done. Cidofovir has been the drug of choice for severe AdV infections, but not all patients require treatment. Live oral vaccines are highly efficacious in reducing the risk of respiratory AdV infection and are in routine use in the military in the United States but currently are not available to civilians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Lynch
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, The David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Adriana E Kajon
- Infectious Disease Program, Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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8
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Fatal Neonatal Sepsis Associated with Human Adenovirus Type 56 Infection: Genomic Analysis of Three Recent Cases Detected in the United States. Viruses 2021; 13:v13061105. [PMID: 34207791 PMCID: PMC8228069 DOI: 10.3390/v13061105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Human adenovirus (HAdV)-D56 was first described in 2011 by genomics analysis of a strain isolated in France in 2008 from a fatal case of neonatal infection. Since then, it has been reported in cases of keratoconjunctivitis and male urethritis. Three epidemiologically unrelated fatal cases of neonatal sepsis associated with infection by HAdV-D strains with a similar genetic makeup were documented in the United States between 2014 and 2020. Methods: Whole genome sequences were obtained for the isolated strains, and genomics analyses were conducted to compare them to phylogenetically related HAdV-D genomic sequences available in GenBank. Results: The three new US strains were indistinguishable by in silico restriction enzyme analysis. Their genome sequences were 99.9% identical to one another and to the prototype strain isolated in 2008 from a similar context of disease. The phylogenetic reconstruction revealed a highly supported clustering of all HAdV-D56 strains isolated in various countries since 1982. Our comparison to serologically intermediate strains 15/H9 described in the literature indicated that HAdV-D56-like viruses have circulated worldwide since the late 1950s. Conclusion: As with other HAdV-D genotypes with the ability to infect ocular and genital mucosae, the risk of severe prenatal or perinatal HAdV-D56 infection must be considered.
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9
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Onda Y, Kanda J, Hanaoka N, Watanabe M, Arai Y, Hishizawa M, Kondo T, Yamashita K, Nagao M, Fujimoto T, Takaori-Kondo A. Possible nosocomial transmission of virus-associated hemorrhagic cystitis after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Ann Hematol 2021; 100:753-761. [PMID: 33439306 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-021-04414-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Adenovirus (ADV)- or BK virus (BKV)-associated hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) is a common complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Several risk factors have been previously reported; however, it is unclear whether virus-associated HC can be transmitted. To clarify this point, we performed a retrospective cohort study on 207 consecutive patients who underwent allo-HSCT at Kyoto University Hospital between 2012 and 2018. We evaluated the incidence and risk factors of virus-associated HC and performed a phylogenetic analysis of the ADV partial sequence. The median age at transplantation was 50 (range, 17-68) years. Fifty-eight patients (28%) developed HC. ADVs were detected in 18 cases, BKVs were detected in 51, both were detected in 12, and only John Cunningham virus (JCV) was detected in 1 case. No factor was significantly associated with HC. However, both ADV- and BKV-HC occurred intensively between April 2016 and September 2017, which suggested possible nosocomial transmission of ADV and BKV. Genome sequencing of the hexon, E3, and penton regions of detected ADVs identified 7 cases of ADV type 11, 2 cases of type 35, and 3 cases of a type 79-related strain. A sequence analysis revealed that these strains in each type were almost identical, except for one case of a type 79-related strain. In conclusion, ADV-HCs with possible nosocomial transmission were described based on genotyping of the virus and partial sequencing of the viral genome. Although viral HC after allo-HSCT is thought to mainly be due to reactivation of a latent virus, nosocomial transmission of ADV or BKV should also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Onda
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Junya Kanda
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Nozomu Hanaoka
- Center for Infectious Disease Risk Management, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mizuki Watanabe
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Arai
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Hishizawa
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Tadakazu Kondo
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kouhei Yamashita
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Miki Nagao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tsuguto Fujimoto
- Center for Infectious Disease Risk Management, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akifumi Takaori-Kondo
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
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10
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Okereafor K, Ekong I, Okon Markson I, Enwere K. Fingerprint Biometric System Hygiene and the Risk of COVID-19 Transmission. JMIR BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.2196/19623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Biometric systems use scanners to verify the identity of human beings by measuring the patterns of their behavioral or physiological characteristics. Some biometric systems are contactless and do not require direct touch to perform these measurements; others, such as fingerprint verification systems, require the user to make direct physical contact with the scanner for a specified duration for the biometric pattern of the user to be properly read and measured. This may increase the possibility of contamination with harmful microbial pathogens or of cross-contamination of food and water by subsequent users. Physical contact also increases the likelihood of inoculation of harmful microbial pathogens into the respiratory tract, thereby triggering infectious diseases. In this viewpoint, we establish the likelihood of infectious disease transmission through touch-based fingerprint biometric devices and discuss control measures to curb the spread of infectious diseases, including COVID-19.
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11
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Hanaoka N, Nojiri N, Takahashi K, Yoshida E, Fujimoto T. Evaluation of the Anti-Adenoviral Activity of ALTANT, an Ozonated Alcohol Disinfectant. Jpn J Infect Dis 2020; 73:349-353. [PMID: 32350225 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2020.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Seven human mastadenovirus (HAdV) species (A-G) are known with more than 100 reported types. HAdV is highly resistant to common hand sanitizers. Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis and pharyngoconjunctival fever are caused by HAdV, which can be explosively transmitted in a confined space, resulting in outbreaks, such as nosocomial infections. Given the absence of an antiviral agent against the HAdV infection, it is important to prevent the spread of the infection by using disinfectants. Ozone has already been well-known for its bactericidal and virucidal effects. ALTANT is an ozonated alcohol preparation developed by E-TECH Co., Ltd. (Kobe, Hyogo, Japan). In this study, we mixed ALTANT with different HAdV types at a ratio of 9:1 and determined HAdV viability after instantaneous reactions for varying periods (flash to 5 minutes) using the TCID50 assay. The assay results demonstrated that the HAdV viability decreased by 1/10 to 1/100 within 1 minute after the reaction; additionally, slight differences in the reactivity were observed among the HAdV types. HAdV viability decreased by a factor of > 4log10, and the virus was eliminated within 3 minutes. This study demonstrated the potent HAdV disinfection effect of ALTANT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomu Hanaoka
- Laboratory Diagnosis Division, Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan
| | - Naomi Nojiri
- Laboratory Diagnosis Division, Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Takahashi
- Laboratory Diagnosis Division, Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan
| | | | - Tsuguto Fujimoto
- Laboratory Diagnosis Division, Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan
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12
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Hiroi S, Kawahata T, Furubayashi K. First isolation of human adenovirus type 85 by molecular analysis of adenoviruses in cases of urethritis. J Med Microbiol 2020; 69:265-269. [PMID: 31971505 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Human adenovirus (HAdV) has been reported as a potential cause of sexually transmitted urethritis.Aim. We aimed to investigate HAdVs associated with urethritis in Osaka, Japan through molecular characterization.Methodology. Urine samples were obtained from male patients with urethritis from 2015 to 2018. Molecular analysis of the isolated strains and follow-up real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses of the clinical samples were performed.Results. The isolates were classified into five types belonging to species D (18 cases) or E (one case). HAdV-85 (species D) was detected for the first time in a urethritis case. Follow-up examination demonstrated that HAdV was isolated from urine samples half a month after the first sampling in four cases, and that viral DNA could be detected after 1 month in two cases.Conclusion. The HAdV types detected from urethritis cases were related to respiratory and ocular HAdV infections, while a novel HAdV type identified as a cause of conjunctivitis also causes urethritis. Sexual contact should be avoided for 1 month after HAdV genital infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Hiroi
- Division of Microbiology, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuya Kawahata
- Division of Microbiology, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, Japan
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13
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Ismail AM, Zhou X, Dyer DW, Seto D, Rajaiya J, Chodosh J. Genomic foundations of evolution and ocular pathogenesis in human adenovirus species D. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:3583-3608. [PMID: 31769017 PMCID: PMC7185199 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Human adenovirus commonly causes infections of respiratory, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and ocular surface mucosae. Although most adenovirus eye infections are mild and self-limited, specific viruses within human adenovirus species D are associated with epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC), a severe and highly contagious ocular surface infection, which can lead to chronic and/or recurrent, visually disabling keratitis. In this review, we discuss the links between adenovirus ontogeny, genomics, immune responses, and corneal pathogenesis, for those viruses that cause EKC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashrafali M. Ismail
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xiaohong Zhou
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David W. Dyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Donald Seto
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA
| | - Jaya Rajaiya
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James Chodosh
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Chandra N, Frängsmyr L, Imhof S, Caraballo R, Elofsson M, Arnberg N. Sialic Acid-Containing Glycans as Cellular Receptors for Ocular Human Adenoviruses: Implications for Tropism and Treatment. Viruses 2019; 11:v11050395. [PMID: 31035532 PMCID: PMC6563162 DOI: 10.3390/v11050395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human adenoviruses (HAdV) are the most common cause of ocular infections. Species B human adenovirus type 3 (HAdV-B3) causes pharyngoconjunctival fever (PCF), whereas HAdV-D8, -D37, and -D64 cause epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC). Recently, HAdV-D53, -D54, and -D56 emerged as new EKC-causing agents. HAdV-E4 is associated with both PCF and EKC. We have previously demonstrated that HAdV-D37 uses sialic acid (SA)-containing glycans as cellular receptors on human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells, and the virus interaction with SA is mediated by the knob domain of the viral fiber protein. Here, by means of cell-based assays and using neuraminidase (a SA-cleaving enzyme), we investigated whether ocular HAdVs other than HAdV-D37 also use SA-containing glycans as receptors on HCE cells. We found that HAdV-E4 and -D56 infect HCE cells independent of SAs, whereas HAdV-D53 and -D64 use SAs as cellular receptors. HAdV-D8 and -D54 fiber knobs also bound to cell-surface SAs. Surprisingly, HCE cells were found resistant to HAdV-B3 infection. We also demonstrated that the SA-based molecule i.e., ME0462, designed to bind to SA-binding sites on the HAdV-D37 fiber knob, efficiently prevents binding and infection of several EKC-causing HAdVs. Surface plasmon resonance analysis confirmed a direct interaction between ME0462 and fiber knobs. Altogether, we demonstrate that SA-containing glycans serve as receptors for multiple EKC-causing HAdVs, and, that SA-based compound function as a broad-spectrum antiviral against known and emerging EKC-causing HAdVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Chandra
- Section of Virology, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, SE-90185 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Lars Frängsmyr
- Section of Virology, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, SE-90185 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Sophie Imhof
- Section of Virology, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, SE-90185 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Rémi Caraballo
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Mikael Elofsson
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Niklas Arnberg
- Section of Virology, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, SE-90185 Umeå, Sweden.
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