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Hasegawa Y, Akita T, Kuchibiro T, Miyoshi-Akiyama T, Tomida J, Kutsuna R, Mori R, Okuno M, Ogura Y, Kawamura Y. Streptococcus suis subsp. hashimotonensis subsp. nov.: Lancefield group A antigen-positive organisms isolated from human clinical specimens and wild boar oral cavity samples. Syst Appl Microbiol 2024; 47:126538. [PMID: 39053043 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2024.126538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Three Streptococcus suis-like strains positive for Lancefield antigen group A were isolated from human boar bite wounds and the oral cavities of boars in Hashimoto City, Wakayama Prefecture, Japan, and their taxonomic positions were investigated. Application of the VITEK2 system identified all three isolates as S. suis with > 94 % probability. The isolates were assigned to S. suis based on the results of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) analysis (Biotyper score of 2.382) but were differentiated according to the characteristic signal peaks (4709 m/z and 9420 m/z) that were not present for S. suis. Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA and sodA genes determined that the isolates were similar to S. suis; however, these genes appeared on a phylogenetic sub-branch. Phylogenetic analysis of the whole chromosomal DNA showed that the isolate formed a cluster with S. suis but with clear divergence. The average nucleotide index using BLAST between the clinical isolate (PAGU 2482) and a closely related reference strain of S. suis was 94.75 %, which was not clearly conclusive; however, digital DNA-DNA hybridization showed a value of 61.2 %. Biochemical reactions, including those with acid phosphatase, α-chymotrypsin, and tagatose (acidification), distinguished our isolates from S. suis. Thus, based on phylogenetic, genomic, and phenotypic characteristics and MALDI-TOF-MS signal patterns, we propose that the isolate with Lancefield group A positive characteristics be designated as a novel subspecies, Streptococcus suis subsp. hashimotonensis subsp. nov., with the type strain PAGU 2482T (GTC 18290T = CCUG 77434T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Hasegawa
- LSI Medience Laboratory, Hashimoto Municipal Hospital, 2-8-1 Ominedai, Hashimoto, Wakayama 648-0005, Japan
| | - Toyokazu Akita
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hashimoto Municipal Hospital, 2-8-1 Ominedai, Hashimoto, Wakayama 648-0005, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Kuchibiro
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Naga Municipal Hospital, 1282 Uchita, Kinokawa, Wakayama 649-6414, Japan
| | - Tohru Miyoshi-Akiyama
- Pathogenic Microbe Laboratory, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Junko Tomida
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan
| | - Ryo Kutsuna
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan
| | - Ryota Mori
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan
| | - Miki Okuno
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Infectious Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Yoshitoshi Ogura
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Infectious Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kawamura
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan.
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Gerszon J, Büchse A, Genz B, Pollock Y, Gleeson B, Morris A, Sellars MJ, Moser RJ. The use of oral fluids and sock samples for monitoring key pathogens in pig populations for surveillance purposes. Prev Vet Med 2024; 228:106237. [PMID: 38820832 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Despite the prevalence of co-infections and the association of over 50 viral and 46 bacterial pathogens with pig diseases, little is known about their simultaneous occurrence, particularly in commercial pig farming environments where health programs are in place. To address this knowledge gap, this study aimed to evaluate the pathogen threshold of respiratory and enteric pathogens in pig herds using the Pork MultiPath™ (PMP1 and PMP2, respiratory and enteric respectively) technology, which detects multiple pathogens simultaneously in a single reaction with high sensitivity and specificity. In this study the most prevalent respiratory pathogens, Mycoplasma hyrohinis, Pasteurella multocida, and Haemophilus parasuis detected by PMP1 were effectively controlled during the nursery stage through strategic treatment with tiamulin. Even though the major respiratory incidences were reduced, the recorded coughing and sneezing rates were associated with the levels of H. parasuis and M. hyrohinis, which were set at 1356 and 1275 copies/reaction, respectively. In addition, one of the identified co-infection patterns indicated a strong relationship between the occurrence of H. parasuis and M. hyorhinis at the sample and pen levels, highlighting the high likelihood of detecting these two pathogens together. Testing with enteric panel PMP2 revealed that the most frequently detected virulence factors during the early nursery stage were Escherichia coli genes for toxins - ST1, ST2, and fimbriae - F4 and F18. Moreover, a co-infection with Rotavirus B and C was often observed during the nursery stage, and a strong positive correlation between these two markers has been identified. Additionally, the levels of several markers, namely E. coli F4, F5, F18, LT, ST1, and ST2, have been associated with a higher likelihood of sickness in pig populations. In addition, the onset of Brachyspira pilosicoli during the nursery and grower stages was found to be associated with an increased risk of diarrhoea, with a set threshold at around 500 copies/reaction. Although simultaneous detection of multiple pathogens is not yet widely used in the pig industry, it offers a significant advantage in capturing the diversity and interactions of co-infections. Testing pooled samples with Pork MultiPath™ is cost-effective and practical to regularly monitor the health status of pig populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Gerszon
- Genics Pty Ltd., Level 5, 60 Research Road, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia.
| | - Andreas Büchse
- Statistical Consultant, Über den Bächelwiesen 13, Hochspeyer 67691, Germany
| | - Berit Genz
- Genics Pty Ltd., Level 5, 60 Research Road, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Yvette Pollock
- SunPork Group, Unit 1/6 Eagleview Place, Eagle Farm, QLD 4009, Australia
| | - Bernie Gleeson
- SunPork Group, Unit 1/6 Eagleview Place, Eagle Farm, QLD 4009, Australia
| | - Andrew Morris
- Riverbend Pork Group, Level 1/487-489 Ruthven St, Toowoomba City, QLD 4350, Australia
| | - Melony J Sellars
- Genics Pty Ltd., Level 5, 60 Research Road, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Ralf J Moser
- Genics Pty Ltd., Level 5, 60 Research Road, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
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Buiatte V, Fonseca A, Alonso Madureira P, Nakashima Vaz AC, Tizioto PC, Centola Vidal AM, Ganda E, de Azevedo Ruiz VL. A comparative study of the bacterial diversity and composition of nursery piglets' oral fluid, feces, and housing environment. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4119. [PMID: 38374338 PMCID: PMC10876639 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54269-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity is the portal of entry for many microorganisms that affect swine, and the swine oral fluid has been used as a specimen for the diagnosis of several infectious diseases. The oral microbiota has been shown to play important roles in humans, such as protection against non-indigenous bacteria. In swine, studies that have investigated the microbial composition of the oral cavity of pigs are scarce. This study aimed to characterize the oral fluid microbiota of weaned pigs from five commercial farms in Brazil and compare it to their respective fecal and environmental microbiotas. Bacterial compositions were determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and analyzed in R Studio. Oral fluid samples were significantly less diverse (alpha diversity) than pen floor and fecal samples (P < 0.01). Alpha diversity changed among farms in oral fluid and pen floor samples, but no differences were observed in fecal samples. Permutational ANOVA revealed that beta diversity was significantly different among sample types (P = 0.001) and farms (P = 0.001), with separation of sample types (feces, pen floor, and oral fluid) on the principal coordinates analysis. Most counts obtained from oral fluid samples were classified as Firmicutes (80.4%) and Proteobacteria (7.7%). The genera Streptococcus, members of the Pasteurellaceae family, and Veillonella were differentially abundant in oral fluid samples when compared to fecal samples, in which Streptococcus was identified as a core genus that was strongly correlated (SparCC) with other taxa. Firmicutes and Bacteroidota were the most relatively abundant phyla identified in fecal and pen floor samples, and Prevotella_9 was the most classified genus. No differentially abundant taxa were identified when comparing fecal samples and pen floor samples. We concluded that under the conditions of our study, the oral fluid microbiota of weaned piglets is different (beta diversity) and less diverse (alpha diversity) than the fecal and environmental microbiotas. Several differentially abundant taxa were identified in the oral fluid samples, and some have been described as important colonizers of the oral cavity in human microbiome studies. Further understanding of the relationship between the oral fluid microbiota and swine is necessary and would create opportunities for the development of innovative solutions that target the microbiota to improve swine health and production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Buiatte
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Ana Fonseca
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Paloma Alonso Madureira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Andréia Cristina Nakashima Vaz
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Maria Centola Vidal
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Erika Ganda
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Vera Letticie de Azevedo Ruiz
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil.
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Kobayashi K, Kubota H, Tohya M, Ushikubo M, Yamamoto M, Ariyoshi T, Uchitani Y, Mitobe M, Okuno R, Nakagawa I, Sekizaki T, Suzuki J, Sadamasu K. Characterization of pig tonsils as niches for the generation of Streptococcus suis diversity. Vet Res 2024; 55:17. [PMID: 38321502 PMCID: PMC10848530 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-024-01270-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a gram-positive bacterium that causes meningitis, septicemia, endocarditis, and other disorders in pigs and humans. We obtained 42 and 50 S. suis isolates from lesions of porcine endocarditis and palatine tonsils, respectively, of clinically healthy pigs in Japan; we then determined their sequence types (STs) by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), cps genotypes, serotypes, and presence of classical major virulence-associated marker genes (mrp, epf, and sly). The 42 isolates from endocarditis lesions were assigned to a limited number of STs and clonal complexes (CCs). On the other hand, the 50 isolates from tonsils were diverse in these traits and seemingly in the degree of virulence, suggesting that tonsils can accommodate a variety of S. suis isolates. The goeBURST full algorithm using tonsil isolates obtained in this study and those retrieved from the database showed that major CCs as well as many other clusters were composed of isolates originating from different countries, and some of the STs were very similar to each other despite the difference in country of origin. These findings indicate that S. suis with not only different but also similar mutations in the genome have survived in tonsils independently across different geographical locations. Therefore, unlike the lesions of endocarditis, the tonsils of pigs seemingly accommodate various S. suis lineages. The present study suggests that S. suis acquired its diversity by natural mutations during colonization and persistence in the tonsils of pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Kobayashi
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Hyakunincho 3-24-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-0073, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Kubota
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Hyakunincho 3-24-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-0073, Japan
| | - Mari Tohya
- Division of Biomedical Food Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tonomachi 3-25-26, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and Department of Microbiome Research, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Megumi Ushikubo
- Shibaura Meat Sanitary Inspection Station, Tokyo Metropolitan Government, Konan 2-7-19, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-0075, Japan
| | - Miki Yamamoto
- Shibaura Meat Sanitary Inspection Station, Tokyo Metropolitan Government, Konan 2-7-19, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-0075, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Ariyoshi
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Hyakunincho 3-24-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-0073, Japan
| | - Yumi Uchitani
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Hyakunincho 3-24-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-0073, Japan
| | - Morika Mitobe
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Hyakunincho 3-24-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-0073, Japan
| | - Rumi Okuno
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Hyakunincho 3-24-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-0073, Japan
| | - Ichiro Nakagawa
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Sekizaki
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Jun Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Hyakunincho 3-24-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-0073, Japan
| | - Kenji Sadamasu
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Hyakunincho 3-24-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-0073, Japan
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5
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Fabà L, Aragon V, Litjens R, Galofré-Milà N, Segura M, Gottschalk M, Doelman J. Metabolic insights and background from naturally affected pigs during Streptococcus suis outbreaks. Transl Anim Sci 2023; 7:txad126. [PMID: 38023423 PMCID: PMC10660374 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txad126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is an endemic zoonotic pathogen still lacking adequate prevention in pigs. The present case study looked back to the occurrence and consequences of S. suis outbreaks in our swine research facilities in search of new metabolic and physiological insight. From a series of outbreaks, a dataset was created including 56 pigs sampled during disease detection based on clinical signs. Pigs suspected with S. suis infection were defined as diseased (n = 28) and included pigs defined as neurologically diseased (n = 20) when severe neurological signs (central nervous system dysfunctions, i.e., opisthotonos, ataxia, and generalized tremor) were observed. Another set of 28 pigs included respective pen mates from each case and were defined as control. Representative deaths were confirmed to be caused by S. suis. Tonsillar swabs were collected and analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for total bacteria, total S. suis, and S. suis serotypes (SS) 2 (and/or 1/2) and 9. Blood and sera were analyzed to quantify blood gases, minerals, and S. suis reactive immunoglobulins against current isolates. Data collected included litter sibling associations, birth and weaning body weight (BW), and average daily gain (ADG) 7 d after the disease detection. In general, the disease increased pH, sO2 and the incidence of alkalosis, but reduced pCO2, glucose, Ca, P, Mg, K, and Na in blood/serum compared to control. The SS2 (and/or SS1/2) prevalence was significantly (P < 0.05) increased in neurologically diseased pigs and its relative abundance tended (P < 0.10) to increase in tonsils. In contrast, the relative abundance of total S. suis was lower (P > 0.05) in diseased pigs than control pigs. Levels of S. suis reactive IgG2 were lower, but IgM were higher (P < 0.03) in neurologically affected pigs compared to control. Furthermore, there was an increased proportion of sibling pigs that were diseased compared to control. In conclusion, our results evidence that naturally affected pigs were associated to average performing pigs without any predisease trait to highlight but a sow/litter effect. Besides, neurologically affected pigs had increased S. suis (SS2 and/or 1/2) prevalence and relative abundance, a respiratory alkalosis profile, and mineral loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lluís Fabà
- Trouw Nutrition R&D, Amersfoort 3811 MH, The Netherlands
| | - Virginia Aragon
- Unitat mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
- IRTA. Programa de Sanitat Animal. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193 Catalonia, Spain
- OIE Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-Emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ralph Litjens
- Trouw Nutrition R&D, Amersfoort 3811 MH, The Netherlands
| | - Núria Galofré-Milà
- Unitat mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
- IRTA. Programa de Sanitat Animal. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193 Catalonia, Spain
- OIE Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-Emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariela Segura
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Swine and Poultry Infectious Disease Research Centre, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Swine and Poultry Infectious Disease Research Centre, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - John Doelman
- Trouw Nutrition R&D, Amersfoort 3811 MH, The Netherlands
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Rattigan R, Lawlor PG, Cormican P, Crespo-Piazuelo D, Cullen J, Phelan JP, Ranjitkar S, Crispie F, Gardiner GE. Maternal and/or post-weaning supplementation with Bacillus altitudinis spores modulates the microbial composition of colostrum, digesta and faeces in pigs. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8900. [PMID: 37264062 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33175-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the effects of maternal and/or post-weaning Bacillus altitudinis supplementation on the microbiota in sow colostrum and faeces, and offspring digesta and faeces. Sows (n = 12/group) were assigned to: (1) standard diet (CON), or (2) CON supplemented with probiotic B. altitudinis spores (PRO) from day (d)100 of gestation to weaning (d26 of lactation). At weaning, offspring were assigned to CON or PRO for 28d, resulting in: (1) CON/CON, (2) CON/PRO, (3) PRO/CON, and (4) PRO/PRO, after which all received CON. Samples were collected from sows and selected offspring (n = 10/group) for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Rothia was more abundant in PRO sow colostrum. Sow faeces were not impacted but differences were identified in offspring faeces and digesta. Most were in the ileal digesta between PRO/CON and CON/CON on d8 post-weaning; i.e. Bacteroidota, Alloprevotella, Prevotella, Prevotellaceae, Turicibacter, Catenibacterium and Blautia were more abundant in PRO/CON, with Firmicutes and Blautia more abundant in PRO/PRO compared with CON/CON. Lactobacillus was more abundant in PRO/CON faeces on d118 post-weaning. This increased abundance of polysaccharide-fermenters (Prevotella, Alloprevotella, Prevotellaceae), butyrate-producers (Blautia) and Lactobacillus likely contributed to previously reported improvements in growth performance. Overall, maternal, rather than post-weaning, probiotic supplementation had the greatest impact on intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Rattigan
- Eco-Innovation Research Centre, Department of Science, Waterford Campus, South East Technological University, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Peadar G Lawlor
- Pig Development Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul Cormican
- Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland
| | - Daniel Crespo-Piazuelo
- Pig Development Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - James Cullen
- Eco-Innovation Research Centre, Department of Science, Waterford Campus, South East Technological University, Waterford, Ireland
| | - John P Phelan
- Eco-Innovation Research Centre, Department of Science, Waterford Campus, South East Technological University, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Samir Ranjitkar
- Pig Development Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Fiona Crispie
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Food Research Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Gillian E Gardiner
- Eco-Innovation Research Centre, Department of Science, Waterford Campus, South East Technological University, Waterford, Ireland.
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Dresen M, Valentin-Weigand P, Berhanu Weldearegay Y. Role of Metabolic Adaptation of Streptococcus suis to Host Niches in Bacterial Fitness and Virulence. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12040541. [PMID: 37111427 PMCID: PMC10144218 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12040541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis, both a common colonizer of the porcine upper respiratory tract and an invasive pig pathogen, successfully adapts to different host environments encountered during infection. Whereas the initial infection mainly occurs via the respiratory tract, in a second step, the pathogen can breach the epithelial barrier and disseminate within the whole body. Thereby, the pathogen reaches other organs such as the heart, the joints, or the brain. In this review, we focus on the role of S. suis metabolism for adaptation to these different in vivo host niches to encounter changes in nutrient availability, host defense mechanisms and competing microbiota. Furthermore, we highlight the close link between S. suis metabolism and virulence. Mutants deficient in metabolic regulators often show an attenuation in infection experiments possibly due to downregulation of virulence factors, reduced resistance to nutritive or oxidative stress and to phagocytic activity. Finally, metabolic pathways as potential targets for new therapeutic strategies are discussed. As antimicrobial resistance in S. suis isolates has increased over the last years, the development of new antibiotics is of utmost importance to successfully fight infections in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Dresen
- Institute for Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Valentin-Weigand
- Institute for Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30173 Hannover, Germany
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8
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P. R, Saif Ali M, Ghosh S, Babu Tatina M. Total Synthesis of
Streptococcus suis
Serotype 8 Capsular Polysaccharide Repeating Unit. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202300263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh P.
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Tarnaka 500007 Hyderabad India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) 202002 Ghaziabad India
| | - Mohammad Saif Ali
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Tarnaka 500007 Hyderabad India
| | - Subhash Ghosh
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Tarnaka 500007 Hyderabad India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) 202002 Ghaziabad India
| | - Madhu Babu Tatina
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Tarnaka 500007 Hyderabad India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) 202002 Ghaziabad India
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9
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Wu H, Tian Z, Yao L, Ghonaim AH, Chen X, Ruan S, Li H, Li W, He Q. Combination of Fe(OH) 3 modified diatomaceous earth and qPCR for the enrichment and detection of African swine fever virus in water. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1045190. [PMID: 36619955 PMCID: PMC9822731 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1045190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Water is one of the primary vectors for African swine fever virus (ASFV) transmission among swine herds. However, the low concentrations of ASFV in water represent a challenge for the detection of the virus by conventional PCR methods, and enrichment of the virus would increase the test sensitivity. In this study, aiming to enrich ASFV in water quickly and efficiently, a rapid and efficient water-borne virus enrichment system (MDEF, modified diatomaceous earth by ferric hydroxide colloid) was used to enrich ASFV in water. After enrichment by MDEF, conventional real-time PCR (qPCR) was used for ASFV detection. ASFV were inactivated and diluted in 10 L of water, of which 4 mL were collected after 60 min treatment using the MDEF system. Two thousand five hundred times reduction of the sample volume was achieved after enrichment. A high adsorption rate of about 99.99 (±0.01)% and a high recovery rate of 64.01 (±10.20)% to 179.65 (±25.53)% was achieved by using 1g modified diatomaceous earth for 10 L ASFV contaminated water. The limit of qPCR detection of ASFV decreased to 1 × 10-1.11 GU ml-1 (genomic units per milliliter) from 1 × 102.71 GU ml-1 after concentrating the spiked water from 10 L to 4 ml. Preliminary application of MDEF allowed successful detection of African swine fever virus (ASFV), porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), and pseudorabies virus (PRV) in sewage. Thus, the combination of modified diatomaceous earth and real-time PCR is a promising strategy for the detection of viruses in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zihan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lun Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ahmed H. Ghonaim
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China,Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shengnan Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wentao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qigai He
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China,*Correspondence: Qigai He ✉
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10
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Fredriksen S, Guan X, Boekhorst J, Molist F, van Baarlen P, Wells JM. Environmental and maternal factors shaping tonsillar microbiota development in piglets. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:224. [PMID: 36163011 PMCID: PMC9513891 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02625-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The palatine tonsils are part of the mucosal immune system and stimulate immune responses through M cell uptake sampling of antigens and bacteria in the tonsillar crypts. Little is known about the development of the tonsillar microbiota and the factors determining the establishment and proliferation of disease-associated bacteria such as Streptococcus suis. In this study, we assessed tonsillar microbiota development in piglets during the first 5 weeks of life and identified the relative importance of maternal and environmental farm parameters influencing the tonsillar microbiota at different ages. Additionally, we studied the effect sow vaccination with a bacterin against S. suis on microbiota development and S. suis colonisation in their offspring. Results Amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 region revealed that a diverse tonsillar microbiota is established shortly after birth, which then gradually changes during the first 5 weeks of life without a large impact of weaning on composition or diversity. We found a strong litter effect, with siblings sharing a more similar microbiota compared to non-sibling piglets. Co-housing in rooms, within which litters were housed in separate pens, also had a large impact on microbiota composition. Sow parity and prepartum S. suis bacterin vaccination of sows had weaker but significant associations with microbiota composition, impacting on the abundance of Streptococcus species before and after weaning. Sex and birthweight had limited impact on the tonsillar microbiota, and none of the measured factors had consistent associations with microbiota diversity. Conclusions The piglet tonsillar microbiota is established shortly after birth. While microbiota development is associated with both environmental and maternal parameters, weaning has limited impact on microbiota composition. Intramuscular vaccination of sows pre-partum had a significant effect on the tonsillar microbiota composition of their piglets. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms shaping the tonsillar microbiota.
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-022-02625-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simen Fredriksen
- Host-Microbe Interactomics Group, Animal Sciences Department, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Xiaonan Guan
- Host-Microbe Interactomics Group, Animal Sciences Department, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Schothorst Feed Research B.V, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Boekhorst
- Host-Microbe Interactomics Group, Animal Sciences Department, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Peter van Baarlen
- Host-Microbe Interactomics Group, Animal Sciences Department, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jerry M Wells
- Host-Microbe Interactomics Group, Animal Sciences Department, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands. .,Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K..
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11
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Piccinini A, Ferri G, Olivastri A, Rossi F, Festino AR, Vergara A. Intradiaphragmatic abscesses in a wild boar (<em>Sus scrofa</em>): Inspective implications based on anatomopathological evidences. Ital J Food Saf 2022; 11:10346. [PMID: 36204301 PMCID: PMC9531142 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2022.10346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The intradiaphragmatic localization of an abscess is rarely described in humans and in other animal domestic and wild species, and can be caused by penetrative traumas (i.e., firearm injuries). Here we describe two intradiaphragmatic abscesses in a hunted adult male wild boar (Sus scrofa) pluck, associated with adhesion phenomena with the contiguous anatomical structures (pleural, phrenic, and glissonian serosas) and observed during the post mortem inspection, in accordance with the Reg. EU 627/2019. One of these lesions also presented a phreno-abdominal fistula. We found in cytopathological evaluation of the neoformations’ content the presence of spheroidal bacterial soma, characterized by linearly concatenated “Streptococcus-like” aggregation pattern. Furthermore, microbiological assays revealed a polymicrobial pattern characterized by the presence of telluric microorganisms, some of which have a marked pyogenic action (Streptococcus suis type I, Sphingomonas paucimobilis, Carnobacterium divergens, and Lactobacillus sakei). Our results and collected evidence demonstrate the pathogenetic hypothesis of bacterial contamination secondary to penetrative trauma caused by a not-mortal projectile’s wound, defining the inspective behaviour according to the cogent legislation. These lesions, in the reason of their potential relation to toxemia, bacteremia and septicemia phenomena, represent a sanitary risk that impose, from a normative point of view, the total condemnation of the carcass. These inspective implications, originating from the observation and interdisciplinary description of the anatomopathological and microbiological features of the lesions, are directly projected on the normative scenario, providing useful elements to guarantee the health of the consumer.
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12
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Osei EK, Mahony J, Kenny JG. From Farm to Fork: Streptococcus suis as a Model for the Development of Novel Phage-Based Biocontrol Agents. Viruses 2022; 14:v14091996. [PMID: 36146802 PMCID: PMC9501460 DOI: 10.3390/v14091996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infections of livestock threaten the sustainability of agriculture and public health through production losses and contamination of food products. While prophylactic and therapeutic application of antibiotics has been successful in managing such infections, the evolution and spread of antibiotic-resistant strains along the food chain and in the environment necessitates the development of alternative or adjunct preventive and/or therapeutic strategies. Additionally, the growing consumer preference for “greener” antibiotic-free food products has reinforced the need for novel and safer approaches to controlling bacterial infections. The use of bacteriophages (phages), which can target and kill bacteria, are increasingly considered as a suitable measure to reduce bacterial infections and contamination in the food industry. This review primarily elaborates on the recent veterinary applications of phages and discusses their merits and limitations. Furthermore, using Streptococcus suis as a model, we describe the prevalence of prophages and the anti-viral defence arsenal in the genome of the pathogen as a means to define the genetic building blocks that are available for the (synthetic) development of phage-based treatments. The data and approach described herein may provide a framework for the development of therapeutics against an array of bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Kuffour Osei
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland
- Food Bioscience, Teagasc Food Research Centre Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland
| | - Jennifer Mahony
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland
- Correspondence: (J.M.); (J.G.K.); Tel.: +353-21-490-2730 (J.M.); +353-25-42283 (J.G.K.)
| | - John G. Kenny
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland
- Food Bioscience, Teagasc Food Research Centre Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland
- VistaMilk SFI Research Centre, Fermoy, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland
- Correspondence: (J.M.); (J.G.K.); Tel.: +353-21-490-2730 (J.M.); +353-25-42283 (J.G.K.)
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13
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Jeon JH, Lourenco JM, Fagan MM, Welch CB, Sneed SE, Dubrof S, Duberstein KJ, Callaway TR, West FD, Park HJ. Changes in Oral Microbial Diversity in a Piglet Model of Traumatic Brain Injury. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12081111. [PMID: 36009173 PMCID: PMC9405691 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12081111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic changes in the oral microbiome have gained attention due to their potential diagnostic role in neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability in the United States, but no studies have examined the changes in oral microbiome during the acute stage of TBI using a clinically translational pig model. Crossbred piglets (4-5 weeks old, male) underwent either a controlled cortical impact (TBI, n = 6) or sham surgery (sham, n = 6). The oral microbiome parameters were quantified from the upper and lower gingiva, both buccal mucosa, and floor of the mouth pre-surgery and 1, 3, and 7 days post-surgery (PS) using the 16S rRNA gene. Faith's phylogenetic diversity was significantly lower in the TBI piglets at 7 days PS compared to those of sham, and beta diversity at 1, 3, and 7 days PS was significantly different between TBI and sham piglets. However, no significant changes in the taxonomic composition of the oral microbiome were observed following TBI compared to sham. Further studies are needed to investigate the potential diagnostic role of the oral microbiome during the chronic stage of TBI with a larger number of subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Heejin Jeon
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Jeferson M. Lourenco
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Madison M. Fagan
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Christina B. Welch
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Sydney E. Sneed
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Stephanie Dubrof
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Kylee J. Duberstein
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Todd R. Callaway
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Franklin D. West
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Hea Jin Park
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Correspondence:
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14
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Farschtschi S, Riedmaier-Sprenzel I, Phomvisith O, Gotoh T, Pfaffl MW. The successful use of -omic technologies to achieve the 'One Health' concept in meat producing animals. Meat Sci 2022; 193:108949. [PMID: 36029570 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2022.108949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Human health and wellbeing are closely linked to healthy domestic animals, a vital wildlife, and an intact ecosystem. This holistic concept is referred to as 'One Health'. In this review, we provide an overview of the potential and the challenges for the use of modern -omics technologies, especially transcriptomics and proteomics, to implement the 'One Health' idea for food-producing animals. These high-throughput studies offer opportunities to find new potential molecular biomarkers to monitor animal health, detect pharmacological interventions and evaluate the wellbeing of farm animals in modern intensive livestock systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Farschtschi
- Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Irmgard Riedmaier-Sprenzel
- Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; Eurofins Medigenomix Forensik GmbH, Anzinger Straße 7a, 85560 Ebersberg, Germany
| | - Ouanh Phomvisith
- Department of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1-21-24, Kagoshima 890-8580, Japan
| | - Takafumi Gotoh
- Department of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1-21-24, Kagoshima 890-8580, Japan
| | - Michael W Pfaffl
- Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.
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15
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Insights into the Oral Bacterial Microbiota of Sows. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9112314. [PMID: 34835441 PMCID: PMC8619539 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The investigation of bacterial microbiota represents a developing research field in veterinary medicine intended to look for correlations between animal health and the balance within bacterial populations. The aim of the present work was to define the bacterial microbiota of the oral cavity of healthy sows, which had not been thoroughly described so far. In total, 22 samples of oral fluid were collected and analyzed by 16S-rRNA gene sequencing. CLC Genomics Workbench 20.0 (QIAGEN Digital Insights, Aarhus, Denmark) was then used to examine the results. The predominant orders were Lactobacillales, Clostridiales, and Corynebacteriales. Lactobacillaceae, Corynebacteriaceae, Moraxellaceae, Aerococcaceae, and Staphylococcaceae were the most represented families. As regards the most abundant genera, Lactobacillus, Corynebacterium, Acinetobacter, Staphylococcus, Rothia, Aerococcus, and Clostridium can be pointed out as the bacterial core microbiota. Sows were also divided into “gestating” and “lactating” groups, and mild differences were found between pregnant and lactating sows. The data herein described represent an original contribution to the knowledge of the porcine bacterial microbiota. Moreover, the choice of sows as experimental animals was strategic for identifying the adult microbial community. These data provide a basis for further studies on the oral bacterial microbiota of pigs.
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16
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Lingbeek MM, Borewicz K, Febery E, Han Y, Doelman J, van Kuijk SJA. Short-chain fatty acid administration via water acidifier improves feed efficiency and modulates fecal microbiota in weaned piglets. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:6408630. [PMID: 34679178 PMCID: PMC8599185 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the effect of a water acidifier containing free and buffered short-chain fatty acids (SCFA-WA) on growth performance and microbiota of weaned piglets. In total, 192 male piglets, approximately 4 wk of age, were allocated to 24 pens (12 per treatment) with 8 piglets per pen. The piglets received either regular drinking water (negative control) or drinking water with the acidifier supplied at 2 L/1,000 L. Body weight and feed intake were measured weekly on pen level. During the first 2 wk, daily visual assessment and scoring of the feces was conducted. Fecal samples of three piglets per pen were collected on days 14 and 42 for high-throughput sequencing analysis of the microbiota. Piglets offered SCFA-WA had significantly improved feed efficiency in the third week (P = 0.025) and over the whole study period (days 0 to 42, P = 0.042) compared with piglets in the negative control group, with a strong tendency observed during the first feeding phase (days 0 to 21, P = 0.055). Furthermore, the water acidifier group had a higher water intake than piglets provided with control water during the second feeding phase (days 21 to 42, P = 0.028) and over the whole study period (days 0 to 42, P = 0.043). There was no significant difference in body weight, average daily gain, or average daily feed intake (days 0 to 21, 21 to 42, 0 to 42). Furthermore, there was no overall significant difference in fecal scoring between the treatments. In terms of the fecal microbiota response, piglets offered the water acidifier showed a significantly higher relative abundance (RA) of genus Clostridium sensu stricto 1 and a lower RA of genus Streptococcus compared to the control. Furthermore, the redundancy analysis showed a positive association between improved feed efficiency and daily weight gain and RA of Butyricicoccus and Faecalibacterium. In conclusion, consumption of the water acidifier containing free and buffered SCFA modulated the microbiota and improved feed efficiency in piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy M Lingbeek
- Trouw Nutrition R&D, P.O. Box 299, 3800 AG, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Klaudyna Borewicz
- Trouw Nutrition R&D, P.O. Box 299, 3800 AG, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Erica Febery
- Drayton Animal Health Ltd, Alcester Road, Stratford-on-Avon, Warwickshire CV37 9RQ, UK
| | - Yanming Han
- Trouw Nutrition R&D, P.O. Box 299, 3800 AG, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - John Doelman
- Trouw Nutrition R&D, P.O. Box 299, 3800 AG, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
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17
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Pessoa J, McAloon C, Rodrigues da Costa M, García Manzanilla E, Norton T, Boyle L. Adding value to food chain information: using data on pig welfare and antimicrobial use on-farm to predict meat inspection outcomes. Porcine Health Manag 2021; 7:55. [PMID: 34649629 PMCID: PMC8518164 DOI: 10.1186/s40813-021-00234-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using Food Chain Information data to objectively identify high-risk animals entering abattoirs can represent an important step forward towards improving on-farm animal welfare. We aimed to develop and evaluate the performance of classification models, using Gradient Boosting Machine algorithms that utilise accurate longitudinal on-farm data on pig health and welfare to predict condemnations, pluck lesions and low cold carcass weight at slaughter. RESULTS The accuracy of the models was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve (AUC). The AUC for the prediction models for pneumonia, dorsocaudal pleurisy, cranial pleurisy, pericarditis, partial and total condemnations, and low cold carcass weight varied from 0.54 for pneumonia and 0.67 for low cold carcass weight. For dorsocaudal pleurisy, ear lesions assessed on pigs aged 12 weeks and antimicrobial treatments (AMT) were the most important prediction variables. Similarly, the most important variable for the prediction of cranial pleurisy was the number of AMT. In the case of pericarditis, ear lesions assessed both at week 12 and 14 were the most important variables and accounted for 33% of the Bernoulli loss reduction. For predicting partial and total condemnations, the presence of hernias on week 18 and lameness on week 12 accounted for 27% and 14% of the Bernoulli loss reduction, respectively. Finally, AMT (37%) and ear lesions assessed on week 12 (15%) were the most important variables for predicting pigs with low cold carcass weight. CONCLUSIONS The findings from our study show that on farm assessments of animal-based welfare outcomes and information on antimicrobial treatments have a modest predictive power in relation to the different meat inspection outcomes assessed. New research following the same group of pigs longitudinally from a larger number of farms supplying different slaughterhouses is required to confirm that on farm assessments can add value to Food Chain Information reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Pessoa
- Pig Development Department, Teagasc Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Ireland. .,Section of Herd Health and Animal Husbandry, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland. .,M3-BIORES-Measure, Model and Manage Bioresponses, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Conor McAloon
- Section of Herd Health and Animal Husbandry, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | - Maria Rodrigues da Costa
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, Northern Faculty, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Inverness, Scotland
| | - Edgar García Manzanilla
- Pig Development Department, Teagasc Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Ireland.,Section of Herd Health and Animal Husbandry, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | - Tomas Norton
- M3-BIORES-Measure, Model and Manage Bioresponses, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laura Boyle
- Pig Development Department, Teagasc Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Ireland
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18
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Zhang S, Sella M, Sianturi J, Priegue P, Shen D, Seeberger PH. Discovery of Oligosaccharide Antigens for Semi-Synthetic Glycoconjugate Vaccine Leads against Streptococcus suis Serotypes 2, 3, 9 and 14*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:14679-14692. [PMID: 33852172 PMCID: PMC8252040 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus suis bacteria are one of the most serious health problems for pigs and an emerging zoonotic agent in humans working in the swine industry. S. suis bacteria express capsular polysaccharides (CPS) a major bacterial virulence factor that define the serotypes. Oligosaccharides resembling the CPS of S. suis serotypes 2, 3, 9, and 14 have been synthesized, glycans related to serotypes 2 and 9 were placed on glycan array surfaces to screen blood from infected pigs. Lead antigens for the development of semi-synthetic S. suis serotypes 2 and 9 glycoconjugate veterinary vaccines were identified in this way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhang
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mauro Sella
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Julinton Sianturi
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Patricia Priegue
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dacheng Shen
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Present address: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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Obregon-Gutierrez P, Aragon V, Correa-Fiz F. Sow Contact Is a Major Driver in the Development of the Nasal Microbiota of Piglets. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10060697. [PMID: 34205187 PMCID: PMC8227386 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10060697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The nasal microbiota composition is associated with the health status of piglets. Sow-contact in early life is one of the factors influencing the microbial composition in piglets; however, its impact has never been assessed in the nasal microbiota of piglets reared in controlled environmental conditions. Nasal microbiota of weaning piglets in high-biosecurity facilities with different time of contact with their sows (no contact after farrowing, contact limited to few hours or normal contact until weaning at three weeks) was unveiled by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Contact with sows demonstrated to be a major factor affecting the nasal microbial composition of the piglets. The nasal microbiota of piglets that had contact with sows until weaning, but were reared in high biosecurity facilities, was richer and more similar to the previously described healthy nasal microbiota from conventional farm piglets. On the other hand, the nasal communities inhabiting piglets with no or limited contact with sows was different and dominated by bacteria not commonly abundant in this body site. Furthermore, the length of sow–piglet contact was also an important variable. In addition, the piglets raised in BSL3 conditions showed an increased richness of low-abundant species in the nasal microbiota. Artificially rearing in high biosecurity facilities without the contact of sows as a source of nasal colonizers had dramatic impacts on the nasal microbiota of weaning piglets and may introduce significant bias into animal research under these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pau Obregon-Gutierrez
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (P.O.-G.); (V.A.)
- OIE Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Virginia Aragon
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (P.O.-G.); (V.A.)
- OIE Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Florencia Correa-Fiz
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (P.O.-G.); (V.A.)
- OIE Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence:
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20
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Zhang S, Sella M, Sianturi J, Priegue P, Shen D, Seeberger PH. Discovery of Oligosaccharide Antigens for Semi‐Synthetic Glycoconjugate Vaccine Leads against
Streptococcus suis
Serotypes 2, 3, 9 and 14**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhang
- Department of Biomolecular Systems Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Mauro Sella
- Department of Biomolecular Systems Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Julinton Sianturi
- Department of Biomolecular Systems Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Patricia Priegue
- Department of Biomolecular Systems Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Dacheng Shen
- Department of Biomolecular Systems Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
- Present address: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Harvard University 12 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Germany
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21
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Rao B, Lou J, Lu H, Liang H, Li J, Zhou H, Fan Y, Zhang H, Sun Y, Zou Y, Wu Z, Jiang Y, Ren Z, Yu Z. Oral Microbiome Characteristics in Patients With Autoimmune Hepatitis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:656674. [PMID: 34094998 PMCID: PMC8170700 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.656674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a common cause of liver cirrhosis. To identify the characteristics of the oral microbiome in patients with AIH, we collected 204 saliva samples including 68 AIH patients and 136 healthy controls and performed microbial MiSeq sequencing after screening. All samples were randomly divided into discovery cohorts (46 AIH and 92 HCs) and validation cohorts (22 AIH and 44 HCs). Moreover, we collected samples of 12 AIH patients from Hangzhou for cross-regional validation. We described the oral microbiome characteristics of AIH patients and established a diagnostic model. In the AIH group, the oral microbiome diversity was significantly increased. The microbial communities remarkably differed between the two groups. Seven genera, mainly Fusobacterium, Actinomyces and Capnocytophaga, were dominant in the HC group, while 51 genera, Streptococcus, Veillonella and Leptotrichia, were enriched in the AIH group. Notably, we found 23 gene functions, including Membrane Transport, Carbohydrate Metabolism, and Glycerolipid metabolism that were dominant in AIH and 31 gene functions that prevailed in HCs. We further investigated the correlation between the oral microbiome and clinical parameters. The optimal 5 microbial markers were figured out through a random forest model, and the distinguishing potential achieved 99.88% between 46 AIH and 92 HCs in the discovery cohort and 100% in the validation cohort. Importantly, the distinguishing potential reached 95.55% in the cross-regional validation cohort. In conclusion, this study is the first to characterize the oral microbiome in AIH patients and to report the successful establishment of a diagnostic model and the cross-regional validation of microbial markers for AIH. Importantly, oral microbiota-targeted biomarkers may be able to serve as powerful and noninvasive diagnostic tools for AIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benchen Rao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Gene Hospital of Henan Province, Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiamin Lou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yiwu Central Hospital, Yiwu, China
| | - Haifeng Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongxia Liang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Gene Hospital of Henan Province, Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Gene Hospital of Henan Province, Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Heqi Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Gene Hospital of Henan Province, Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yajuan Fan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Gene Hospital of Henan Province, Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yawen Zou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Gene Hospital of Henan Province, Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhongwen Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Ren
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Gene Hospital of Henan Province, Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zujiang Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Gene Hospital of Henan Province, Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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22
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Nguyen NTT, Luu YTH, Hoang TD, Nguyen HX, Dao TD, Bui VN, Gray GC. An epidemiological study of Streptococcus suis prevalence among swine at industrial swine farms in Northern Vietnam. One Health 2021; 13:100254. [PMID: 33997238 PMCID: PMC8102613 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2021.100254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic pathogen found in swine that may cause systemic infection in humans. S. suis is endemic in Southeast Asia and is the leading cause of adult meningitis in Vietnam. Given Vietnam's increasing centralization of the swine industry, we sought to estimate the prevalence of S. suis on large swine farms in Northern Vietnam. Methods A cross-sectional, one-health-oriented, surveillance study for S. suis was conducted between October 2019–March 2020. Swine oral, swine worker nasal, and bioaerosol samples were collected from four large-scale swine farms (>500 swine) in three provinces in Northern Vietnam: Lao Cai, Bac Giang, and Quang Ninh. Samples were evaluated for presence of S. suis growth on blood agar plates and confirmed with conventional polymerase chain reaction. Results The authors found that 4/174 (2.3%, 95% CI: 0.6–5.8%) of swine oral samples and 1/58 (1.7%, 95% CI: 0–9.2%) bioaerosol samples were positive for S. suis by bacterial culture and conventional PCR. S. suis was not detected in any swine worker nasal wash samples. There was no significant relationship between sampling location and month of sample collection with results of swine oral or bioaerosol samples. Conclusion Compared to previous reports from slaughterhouses in Vietnam, the lower than expected prevalence of S. suis, supports the notion that that recent efforts to centralize Vietnam's pork industry through establishment of large-scale farms with better biosecurity may have been effective in limiting S. suis prevalence on these large farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thao Thi Nguyen
- Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, United States
- Corresponding author at: 1103 Lancaster St., Durham, NC 27701, USA.
| | - Yen Thi Hai Luu
- Bacteriology Department, National Institute of Veterinary Research, Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam
| | - Trung Duc Hoang
- Virology Department, National Institute of Veterinary Research, Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam
| | - Huyen Xuan Nguyen
- Bacteriology Department, National Institute of Veterinary Research, Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam
| | - Tung Duy Dao
- Virology Department, National Institute of Veterinary Research, Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam
| | - Vuong Nghia Bui
- Virology Department, National Institute of Veterinary Research, Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam
| | - Gregory C. Gray
- Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, United States
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, United States
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Global Health Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China
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23
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Glajzner P, Szewczyk EM, Szemraj M. Pathogenicity and drug resistance of animal streptococci responsible for human infections. J Med Microbiol 2021; 70. [PMID: 33750514 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria of the genus Streptococcus, earlier considered typically animal, currently have also been causing infections in humans. It is necessary to make clinicians aware of the emergence of new species that may cause the development of human diseases. There is an increasing frequency of isolation of streptococci such as S. suis, S. dysgalactiae, S. iniae and S. equi from people. Isolation of Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus complex bacteria has also been reported. The streptococcal species described in this review are gaining new properties and virulence factors by which they can thrive in new environments. It shows the potential of these bacteria to changes in the genome and the settlement of new hosts. Information is presented on clinical cases that concern streptococcus species belonging to the groups Bovis, Pyogenic and Suis. We also present the antibiotic resistance profiles of these bacteria. The emerging resistance to β-lactams has been reported. In this review, the classification, clinical characteristics and antibiotic resistance of groups and species of streptococci considered as animal pathogens are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Glajzner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Microbiological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Eligia Maria Szewczyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Microbiological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Szemraj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Microbiological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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24
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Relationships among Fecal, Air, Oral, and Tracheal Microbial Communities in Pigs in a Respiratory Infection Disease Model. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9020252. [PMID: 33513772 PMCID: PMC7912642 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The association of the lower respiratory tract microbiome in pigs with that of other tissues and environment is still unclear. This study aimed to describe the microbiome of tracheal and oral fluids, air, and feces in the late stage of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection in pigs, and assess the association between the tracheal microbiome and those from air, feces, and oral fluids. Tracheal fluids (n = 73), feces (n = 71), oropharyngeal fluids (n = 8), and air (n = 12) were collected in seeder pigs (inoculated with M. hyopneumoniae) and contact pigs (113 days post exposure to seeder pigs). After DNA extraction, the V4 region from 16S rRNA gene was sequenced and reads were processed using Divisive Amplicon Denoising Algorithm (DADA2). Clostridium and Streptococcus were among the top five genera identified in all sample types. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in tracheal fluids was associated with a reduction of diversity and increment of M. hyorhinis, Glaesserella parasuis, and Pasteurella multocida in tracheal fluids, as well as a reduction of Ruminiclostridium, Barnesiella, and Lactobacillus in feces. Air contributed in a greater proportion to bacteria in the trachea compared with feces and oral fluids. In conclusion, evidence suggests the existence of complex interactions between bacterial communities from distant and distinct niches.
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Hohnstein FS, Meurer M, de Buhr N, von Köckritz-Blickwede M, Baums CG, Alber G, Schütze N. Analysis of Porcine Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokine Induction by S. suis In Vivo and In Vitro. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9010040. [PMID: 31947746 PMCID: PMC7168595 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Weaning piglets are susceptible to the invasive Streptococcus (S.) suis infection, which can result in septicemia. The aim of this study was to investigate the cytokine profile induced upon S. suis infection of blood, to determine the cellular sources of those cytokines, and to study the potential effects of the induced cytokines on bacterial killing. We measured TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-γ, IL-17A and IL-10 after an experimental intravenous infection with S. suis serotype 2 in vivo, and analyzed whole blood, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and separated leukocytes to identify the cytokine-producing cell type(s). In addition, we used a reconstituted whole blood assay to investigate the effect of TNF-α on bacterial killing in the presence of different S. suis-specific IgG levels. An increase in IL-6 and IL-10, but not in IFN-γ or IL-17A, was observed in two of three piglets with pronounced bacteremia 16 to 20 h after infection, but not in piglets with controlled bacteremia. Our results confirmed previous findings that S. suis induces TNF-α and IL-6 and could demonstrate that TNF-α is produced by monocytes in vitro. We further found that IL-10 induction resulted in reduced secretion of TNF-α and IL-6. Rapid induction of TNF-α was, however, not crucial for in vitro bacterial killing, not even in the absence of specific IgG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian S. Hohnstein
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (F.S.H.); (N.S.)
| | - Marita Meurer
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hanover, Germany; (M.M.); (N.d.B.); (M.v.K.-B.)
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hanover, Germany
| | - Nicole de Buhr
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hanover, Germany; (M.M.); (N.d.B.); (M.v.K.-B.)
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hanover, Germany
| | - Maren von Köckritz-Blickwede
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hanover, Germany; (M.M.); (N.d.B.); (M.v.K.-B.)
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hanover, Germany
| | - Christoph G. Baums
- Institute of Bacteriology and Mycology, Center of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, An den Tierkliniken 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Gottfried Alber
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (F.S.H.); (N.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-341-9731221
| | - Nicole Schütze
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (F.S.H.); (N.S.)
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Dai Y, Chen L, Chang W, Lu H, Cui P, Ma X. Culture-Negative Streptococcus suis Infection Diagnosed by Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing. Front Public Health 2019; 7:379. [PMID: 31921744 PMCID: PMC6928000 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic pathogen that can cause severe infections such as meningitis and septicemia in both swine and humans. Rapid and accurate identification of the causative agent is very important for guiding clinical choices in administering countermeasures. Case Report: Here, we report a case of fatal S. suis infection in a patient who worked as a butcher in China. The 59-year-old man, who had previously undergone splenectomy, injured his finger while processing pork and developed severe sepsis. While blood cultures were negative following antibiotic treatment, S. suis was determined to be the causative agent by metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) and Sanger sequencing. Conclusion: Identification of etiological agents using techniques such as blood culture prior to antibiotic treatment is very important. mNGS may represent a useful method for diagnosis of infectious diseases, especially post-antibiotic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Dai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Wenjiao Chang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Huaiwei Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Peng Cui
- Infectious Disease Research and Development, Beijing Genomics Institute-Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoling Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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