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Li Z, Han B, Qi M, Li Y, Duan Y, Yao Y. Modulating macrophage-mediated programmed cell removal: An attractive strategy for cancer therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189172. [PMID: 39151808 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Macrophage-mediated programmed cell removal (PrCR) is crucial for the identification and elimination of needless cells that maintain tissue homeostasis. The efficacy of PrCR depends on the balance between pro-phagocytic "eat me" signals and anti-phagocytic "don't eat me" signals. Recently, a growing number of studies have shown that tumourigenesis and progression are closely associated with PrCR. In the tumour microenvironment, PrCR activated by the "eat me" signal is counterbalanced by the "don't eat me" signal of CD47/SIRPα, resulting in tumour immune escape. Therefore, targeting exciting "eat me" signalling while simultaneously suppressing "don't eat me" signalling and eventually inducing macrophages to produce effective PrCR will be a very attractive antitumour strategy. Here, we comprehensively review the functions of PrCR-activating signal molecules (CRT, PS, Annexin1, SLAMF7) and PrCR-inhibiting signal molecules (CD47/SIRPα, MHC-I/LILRB1, CD24/Siglec-10, SLAMF3, SLAMF4, PD-1/PD-L1, CD31, GD2, VCAM1), the interactions between these molecules, and Warburg effect. In addition, we highlight the molecular regulatory mechanisms that affect immune system function by exciting or suppressing PrCR. Finally, we review the research advances in tumour therapy by activating PrCR and discuss the challenges and potential solutions to smooth the way for tumour treatment strategies that target PrCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Li
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Pediatric Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450018, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Bingqian Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Menghui Qi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yinchao Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yongtao Duan
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Pediatric Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450018, China; Henan Neurodevelopment Engineering Research Center for Children, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450018, China.
| | - Yongfang Yao
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Pediatric Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450018, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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2
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Chen L, Zhao X, Liu X, Ouyang Y, Xu C, Shi Y. Development of small molecule drugs targeting immune checkpoints. Cancer Biol Med 2024; 21:j.issn.2095-3941.2024.0034. [PMID: 38727005 PMCID: PMC11131045 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2024.0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are used to relieve and refuel anti-tumor immunity by blocking the interaction, transcription, and translation of co-inhibitory immune checkpoints or degrading co-inhibitory immune checkpoints. Thousands of small molecule drugs or biological materials, especially antibody-based ICIs, are actively being studied and antibodies are currently widely used. Limitations, such as anti-tumor efficacy, poor membrane permeability, and unneglected tolerance issues of antibody-based ICIs, remain evident but are thought to be overcome by small molecule drugs. Recent structural studies have broadened the scope of candidate immune checkpoint molecules, as well as innovative chemical inhibitors. By way of comparison, small molecule drug-based ICIs represent superior oral bioavailability and favorable pharmacokinetic features. Several ongoing clinical trials are exploring the synergetic effect of ICIs and other therapeutic strategies based on multiple ICI functions, including immune regulation, anti-angiogenesis, and cell cycle regulation. In this review we summarized the current progression of small molecule ICIs and the mechanism underlying immune checkpoint proteins, which will lay the foundation for further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luoyi Chen
- Department of Oncology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Xinchen Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Institute for Breast Health Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yujie Ouyang
- Acupuncture and Massage College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Chuan Xu
- Department of Oncology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Department of Oncology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
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Kaur S, Reginauld B, Razjooyan S, Phi T, Singh SP, Meyer TJ, Cam MC, Roberts DD. Effects of a humanized CD47 antibody and recombinant SIRPα proteins on triple negative breast carcinoma stem cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1356421. [PMID: 38495618 PMCID: PMC10940465 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1356421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Signal regulatory protein-α (SIRPα, SHPS-1, CD172a) expressed on myeloid cells transmits inhibitory signals when it engages its counter-receptor CD47 on an adjacent cell. Elevated CD47 expression on some cancer cells thereby serves as an innate immune checkpoint that limits phagocytic clearance of tumor cells by macrophages and antigen presentation to T cells. Antibodies and recombinant SIRPα constructs that block the CD47-SIRPα interaction on macrophages exhibit anti-tumor activities in mouse models and are in ongoing clinical trials for treating several human cancers. Based on prior evidence that engaging SIRPα can also alter CD47 signaling in some nonmalignant cells, we compared direct effects of recombinant SIRPα-Fc and a humanized CD47 antibody that inhibits CD47-SIRPα interaction (CC-90002) on CD47 signaling in cancer stem cells derived from the MDA-MB- 231 triple-negative breast carcinoma cell line. Treatment with SIRPα-Fc significantly increased the formation of mammospheres by breast cancer stem cells as compared to CC-90002 treatment or controls. Furthermore, SIRPα-Fc treatment upregulated mRNA and protein expression of ALDH1 and altered the expression of genes involved in epithelial/mesenchymal transition pathways that are associated with a poor prognosis and enhanced metastatic activity. This indicates that SIRPα-Fc has CD47-mediated agonist activities in breast cancer stem cells affecting proliferation and metastasis pathways that differ from those of CC-90002. This SIRPα-induced CD47 signaling in breast carcinoma cells may limit the efficacy of SIRPα decoy therapeutics intended to stimulate innate antitumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhbir Kaur
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Bianca Reginauld
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sam Razjooyan
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Trung Phi
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Satya P. Singh
- Inflammation Biology Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Thomas J. Meyer
- CCR Collaborative Bioinformatics, Resource, Office of Science and Technology Resources, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Margaret C. Cam
- CCR Collaborative Bioinformatics, Resource, Office of Science and Technology Resources, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - David D. Roberts
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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4
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Isenberg JS, Montero E. Tolerating CD47. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1584. [PMID: 38362603 PMCID: PMC10870051 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation 47 (CD47) occupies the outer membrane of human cells, where it binds to soluble and cell surface receptors on the same and other cells, sculpting their topography and resulting in a pleiotropic receptor-multiligand interaction network. It is a focus of drug development to temper and accentuate CD47-driven immune cell liaisons, although consideration of on-target CD47 effects remain neglected. And yet, a late clinical trial of a CD47-blocking antibody was discontinued, existent trials were restrained, and development of CD47-targeting agents halted by some pharmaceutical companies. At this point, if CD47 can be exploited for clinical advantage remains to be determined. Herein an airing is made of the seemingly conflicting actions of CD47 that reflect its position as a junction connecting receptors and signalling pathways that impact numerous human cell types. Prospects of CD47 boosting and blocking are considered along with potential therapeutic implications for autoimmune diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S. Isenberg
- Department of Diabetes Complications & MetabolismArthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research InstituteCity of Hope National Medical CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Enrique Montero
- Department of Molecular & Cellular EndocrinologyArthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research InstituteCity of Hope National Medical CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
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Montero E, Isenberg JS. The TSP1-CD47-SIRPα interactome: an immune triangle for the checkpoint era. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:2879-2888. [PMID: 37217603 PMCID: PMC10412679 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03465-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The use of treatments, such as programmed death protein 1 (PD1) or cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) antibodies, that loosen the natural checks upon immune cell activity to enhance cancer killing have shifted clinical practice and outcomes for the better. Accordingly, the number of antibodies and engineered proteins that interact with the ligand-receptor components of immune checkpoints continue to increase along with their use. It is tempting to view these molecular pathways simply from an immune inhibitory perspective. But this should be resisted. Checkpoint molecules can have other cardinal functions relevant to the development and use of blocking moieties. Cell receptor CD47 is an example of this. CD47 is found on the surface of all human cells. Within the checkpoint paradigm, non-immune cell CD47 signals through immune cell surface signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα) to limit the activity of the latter, the so-called trans signal. Even so, CD47 interacts with other cell surface and soluble molecules to regulate biogas and redox signaling, mitochondria and metabolism, self-renewal factors and multipotency, and blood flow. Further, the pedigree of checkpoint CD47 is more intricate than supposed. High-affinity interaction with soluble thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) and low-affinity interaction with same-cell SIRPα, the so-called cis signal, and non-SIRPα ectodomains on the cell membrane suggests that multiple immune checkpoints converge at and through CD47. Appreciation of this may provide latitude for pathway-specific targeting and intelligent therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Montero
- Department of Diabetes Immunology, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
- Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Isenberg
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
- Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
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6
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Deng H, Wang G, Zhao S, Tao Y, Zhang Z, Yang J, Lei Y. New hope for tumor immunotherapy: the macrophage-related "do not eat me" signaling pathway. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1228962. [PMID: 37484024 PMCID: PMC10358856 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1228962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The "do not eat me" signaling pathway is extremely active in tumor cells, providing a means for these cells to elude macrophage phagocytosis and escape immune surveillance. Representative markers of this pathway, such as CD47 and CD24, are highly expressed in numerous tumors. The interaction of SIRPα with CD47 reduces the accumulation of non-myosin ⅡA on the cell membrane. The combination of CD24 and Siglec10 ultimately leads to the recruitment of SHP-1 or SHP-2 to reduce signal transduction. Both of them weaken the ability of macrophages to engulf tumor cells. Blocking the mutual recognition between CD47-SIRPα or CD24-Siglec10 using large molecular proteins or small molecular drugs represents a promising avenue for tumor immunotherapy. Doing so can inhibit signal transduction and enhance macrophage clearance rates of cancer cells. In this paper, we summarize the characteristics of the drugs that affect the "do not eat me" signaling pathway via classical large molecular proteins and small molecule drugs, which target the CD47-SIRPα and CD24-Siglec10 signaling pathways, which target the CD47-SIRPα and CD24-Siglec10 signaling pathways. We expect it will offer insight into the development of new drugs centered on blocking the "do not eat me" signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Deng
- General Practice Ward/International Medical Center, General Practice Medical Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guan Wang
- General Practice Ward/International Medical Center, General Practice Medical Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shengyan Zhao
- General Practice Ward/International Medical Center, General Practice Medical Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yiran Tao
- West China-California Research Center for Predictive Intervention Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhixiong Zhang
- General Practice Ward/International Medical Center, General Practice Medical Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinliang Yang
- General Practice Ward/International Medical Center, General Practice Medical Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Lei
- General Practice Ward/International Medical Center, General Practice Medical Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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7
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Li SY, Guo YL, Tian JW, Zhang HJ, Li RF, Gong P, Yu ZL. Anti-Tumor Strategies by Harnessing the Phagocytosis of Macrophages. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2717. [PMID: 37345054 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are essential for the human body in both physiological and pathological conditions, engulfing undesirable substances and participating in several processes, such as organism growth, immune regulation, and maintenance of homeostasis. Macrophages play an important role in anti-bacterial and anti-tumoral responses. Aberrance in the phagocytosis of macrophages may lead to the development of several diseases, including tumors. Tumor cells can evade the phagocytosis of macrophages, and "educate" macrophages to become pro-tumoral, resulting in the reduced phagocytosis of macrophages. Hence, harnessing the phagocytosis of macrophages is an important approach to bolster the efficacy of anti-tumor treatment. In this review, we elucidated the underlying phagocytosis mechanisms, such as the equilibrium among phagocytic signals, receptors and their respective signaling pathways, macrophage activation, as well as mitochondrial fission. We also reviewed the recent progress in the area of application strategies on the basis of the phagocytosis mechanism, including strategies targeting the phagocytic signals, antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP), and macrophage activators. We also covered recent studies of Chimeric Antigen Receptor Macrophage (CAR-M)-based anti-tumor therapy. Furthermore, we summarized the shortcomings and future applications of each strategy and look into their prospects with the hope of providing future research directions for developing the application of macrophage phagocytosis-promoting therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yuan Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Yong-Lin Guo
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Jia-Wen Tian
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - He-Jing Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Rui-Fang Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Ping Gong
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Zi-Li Yu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
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8
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Queme B, Braisted JC, Dranchak P, Inglese J. qHTSWaterfall: 3-dimensional visualization software for quantitative high-throughput screening (qHTS) data. J Cheminform 2023; 15:39. [PMID: 37004072 PMCID: PMC10064508 DOI: 10.1186/s13321-023-00717-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
High throughput screening (HTS) is widely used in drug discovery and chemical biology to identify and characterize agents having pharmacologic properties often by evaluation of large chemical libraries. Standard HTS data can be simply plotted as an x-y graph usually represented as % activity of a compound tested at a single concentration vs compound ID, whereas quantitative HTS (qHTS) data incorporates a third axis represented by concentration. By virtue of the additional data points arising from the compound titration and the incorporation of logistic fit parameters that define the concentration-response curve, such as EC50 and Hill slope, qHTS data has been challenging to display on a single graph. Here we provide a flexible solution to the rapid plotting of complete qHTS data sets to produce a 3-axis plot we call qHTS Waterfall Plots. The software described here can be generally applied to any 3-axis dataset and is available as both an R package and an R shiny application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Queme
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - John C Braisted
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.
| | - Patricia Dranchak
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - James Inglese
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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9
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Putt KS, Du Y, Fu H, Zhang ZY. High-throughput screening strategies for space-based radiation countermeasure discovery. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2022; 35:88-104. [PMID: 36336374 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As humanity begins to venture further into space, approaches to better protect astronauts from the hazards found in space need to be developed. One particular hazard of concern is the complex radiation that is ever present in deep space. Currently, it is unlikely enough spacecraft shielding could be launched that would provide adequate protection to astronauts during long-duration missions such as a journey to Mars and back. In an effort to identify other means of protection, prophylactic radioprotective drugs have been proposed as a potential means to reduce the biological damage caused by this radiation. Unfortunately, few radioprotectors have been approved by the FDA for usage and for those that have been developed, they protect normal cells/tissues from acute, high levels of radiation exposure such as that from oncology radiation treatments. To date, essentially no radioprotectors have been developed that specifically counteract the effects of chronic low-dose rate space radiation. This review highlights how high-throughput screening (HTS) methodologies could be implemented to identify such a radioprotective agent. Several potential target, pathway, and phenotypic assays are discussed along with potential challenges towards screening for radioprotectors. Utilizing HTS strategies such as the ones proposed here have the potential to identify new chemical scaffolds that can be developed into efficacious radioprotectors that are specifically designed to protect astronauts during deep space journeys. The overarching goal of this review is to elicit broader interest in applying drug discovery techniques, specifically HTS towards the identification of radiation countermeasures designed to be efficacious towards the biological insults likely to be encountered by astronauts on long duration voyages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karson S Putt
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Yuhong Du
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology and Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Haian Fu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology and Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Zhong-Yin Zhang
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette IN 47907 USA; Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette IN 47907 USA.
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10
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Zhu J, Cai C, Li J, Xiao J, Duan X. CD47-SIRPα axis in cancer therapy: Precise delivery of CD47-targeted therapeutics and design of anti-phagocytic drug delivery systems. MEDICINE IN DRUG DISCOVERY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medidd.2022.100139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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11
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Zhao H, Song S, Ma J, Yan Z, Xie H, Feng Y, Che S. CD47 as a promising therapeutic target in oncology. Front Immunol 2022; 13:757480. [PMID: 36081498 PMCID: PMC9446754 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.757480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
CD47 is ubiquitously expressed on the surface of cells and plays a critical role in self-recognition. By interacting with SIRPα, TSP-1 and integrins, CD47 modulates cellular phagocytosis by macrophages, determines life span of individual erythrocytes, regulates activation of immune cells, and manipulates synaptic pruning during neuronal development. As such, CD47 has recently be regarded as one of novel innate checkpoint receptor targets for cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we will discuss increasing awareness about the diverse functions of CD47 and its role in immune system homeostasis. Then, we will discuss its potential therapeutic roles against cancer and outlines, the possible future research directions of CD47- based therapeutics against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuangshuang Song
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Junwei Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhiyong Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongwei Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ying Feng
- Department of Emergency, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shusheng Che
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Shusheng Che,
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12
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Chan C, Lustig M, Baumann N, Valerius T, van Tetering G, Leusen JHW. Targeting Myeloid Checkpoint Molecules in Combination With Antibody Therapy: A Novel Anti-Cancer Strategy With IgA Antibodies? Front Immunol 2022; 13:932155. [PMID: 35865547 PMCID: PMC9295600 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.932155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy with therapeutic antibodies has shown a lack of durable responses in some patients due to resistance mechanisms. Checkpoint molecules expressed by tumor cells have a deleterious impact on clinical responses to therapeutic antibodies. Myeloid checkpoints, which negatively regulate macrophage and neutrophil anti-tumor responses, are a novel type of checkpoint molecule. Myeloid checkpoint inhibition is currently being studied in combination with IgG-based immunotherapy. In contrast, the combination with IgA-based treatment has received minimal attention. IgA antibodies have been demonstrated to more effectively attract and activate neutrophils than their IgG counterparts. Therefore, myeloid checkpoint inhibition could be an interesting addition to IgA treatment and has the potential to significantly enhance IgA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chilam Chan
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marta Lustig
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian Albrechts University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Niklas Baumann
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian Albrechts University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Valerius
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian Albrechts University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Geert van Tetering
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jeanette H. W. Leusen
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Jeanette H. W. Leusen,
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13
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Gondois-Rey F, Miller T, Laletin V, Morelli X, Collette Y, Nunès J, Olive D. CD47-SIRPα Controls ADCC Killing of Primary T Cells by PMN Through a Combination of Trogocytosis and NADPH Oxidase Activation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:899068. [PMID: 35795660 PMCID: PMC9252436 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.899068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies targeting the “don’t eat me” myeloid checkpoint constituted by CD47 SIRPα interaction have promising clinical potential but are limited by toxicities associated with the destruction of non-tumor cells. These dose-limiting toxicities demonstrate the need to highlight the mechanisms of anti–CD47-SIRPα therapy effects on non-tumor CD47-bearing cells. Given the increased incidence of lymphopenia in patients receiving anti-CD47 antibodies and the strong ADCC (antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity) effector function of polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs), we investigated the behavior of primary PMNs cocultured with primary T cells in the presence of anti-CD47 mAbs. PMNs killed T cells in a CD47-mAb–dependent manner and at a remarkably potent PMN to T cell ratio of 1:1. The observed cytotoxicity was produced by a novel combination of both trogocytosis and a strong respiratory burst induced by classical ADCC and CD47-SIRPα checkpoint blockade. The complex effect of the CD47 blocking mAb could be recapitulated by combining its individual mechanistic elements: ADCC, SIRPα blockade, and ROS induction. Although previous studies had concluded that disruption of SIRPα signaling in PMNs was limited to trogocytosis-specific cytotoxicity, our results suggest that SIRPα also tightly controls activation of NADPH oxidase, a function demonstrated during differentiation of immature PMNs but not so far in mature PMNs. Together, our results highlight the need to integrate PMNs in the development of molecules targeting the CD47-SIRPα immune checkpoint and to design agents able to enhance myeloid cell function while limiting adverse effects on healthy cells able to participate in the anti-tumor immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Françoise Gondois-Rey
- Immunity and Cancer Team, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix Marseille University UM105, Marseille, France
- *Correspondence: Françoise Gondois-Rey, ; Thomas W. Miller, ; Daniel Olive,
| | - Thomas Miller
- Integrated Chemical and Structural Biology Team, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix Marseille University UM105, Marseille, France
- *Correspondence: Françoise Gondois-Rey, ; Thomas W. Miller, ; Daniel Olive,
| | - Vladimir Laletin
- Immunity and Cancer Team, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix Marseille University UM105, Marseille, France
| | - Xavier Morelli
- Integrated Chemical and Structural Biology Team, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix Marseille University UM105, Marseille, France
| | - Yves Collette
- Integrated Chemical and Structural Biology Team, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix Marseille University UM105, Marseille, France
| | - Jacques Nunès
- Immunity and Cancer Team, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix Marseille University UM105, Marseille, France
| | - Daniel Olive
- Immunity and Cancer Team, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix Marseille University UM105, Marseille, France
- *Correspondence: Françoise Gondois-Rey, ; Thomas W. Miller, ; Daniel Olive,
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14
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Alausa A, Lawal KA, Babatunde OA, Obiwulu ENO, Oladokun OC, Fadahunsi OS, Celestine UO, Moses EU, Rejoice AI, Adegbola PI. Overcoming Immunotherapeutic Resistance in PDAC: SIRPα-CD47 blockade. Pharmacol Res 2022; 181:106264. [PMID: 35597384 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A daily increase in the number of new cases of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma remains an issue of contention in cancer research. The data revealed that a global cumulated case of about 500, 000 have been reported. This has made PDAC the fourteenth most occurring tumor case in cancer research. Furthermore, PDAC is responsible for about 466,003 deaths annually, representing the seventh prevalent type of cancer mortality. PDAC has no salient symptoms in its early stages. This has exasperated several attempts to produce a perfect therapeutic agent against PDAC. Recently, immunotherapeutic research has shifted focus to the blockade of checkpoint proteins in the management and of some cancers. Investigations have centrally focused on developing therapeutic agents that could at least to a significant extent block the SIRPα-CD47 signaling cascade (a cascade which prevent phagocytosis of tumors by dendritic cells, via the deactivation of innate immunity and subsequently resulting in tumor regression) with minimal side effects. The concept on the blockade of this interaction as a possible mechanism for inhibiting the progression of PDAC is currently being debated. This review examined the structure--function activity of SIRPα-CD47 interaction while discussing in detail the mechanism of tumor resistance in PDAC. Further, this review details how the blockade of SIRPα-CD47 interaction serve as a therapeutic option in the management of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullahi Alausa
- Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo state.
| | - Khadijat Ayodeji Lawal
- Heamtalogy and Blood Transfusion Unit, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | | | - E N O Obiwulu
- Department of Chemical Science, University of Delta, Agbor, Delta State
| | | | | | - Ugwu Obiora Celestine
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Enugu State University of Science and Technology
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15
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Wang H, Wen C, Chen S, Li W, Qin Q, He L, Wang F, Chen J, Ye W, Li W, Peng J, Yang X, Liu H. ROS/JNK/C-Jun Pathway is Involved in Chaetocin Induced Colorectal Cancer Cells Apoptosis and Macrophage Phagocytosis Enhancement. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:729367. [PMID: 34776955 PMCID: PMC8578663 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.729367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need for novel agents for colorectal cancer (CRC) due to the increasing number of cases and drug-resistance related to current treatments. In this study, we aim to uncover the potential of chaetocin, a natural product, as a chemotherapeutic for CRC treatment. We showed that, regardless of 5-FU-resistance, chaetocin induced proliferation inhibition by causing G2/M phase arrest and caspase-dependent apoptosis in CRC cells. Mechanically, our results indicated that chaetocin could induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and activate c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/c-Jun pathway in CRC cells. This was confirmed by which the JNK inhibitor SP600125 partially rescued CRC cells from chaetocin induced apoptosis and the ROS scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) reversed both the chaetocin induced apoptosis and the JNK/c-Jun pathway activation. Additionally, this study indicated that chaetocin could down-regulate the expression of CD47 at both mRNA and protein levels, and enhance macrophages phagocytosis of CRC cells. Chaetocin also inhibited tumor growth in CRC xenograft models. In all, our study reveals that chaetocin induces CRC cell apoptosis, irrelevant to 5-FU sensitivity, by causing ROS accumulation and activating JNK/c-Jun, and enhances macrophages phagocytosis, which suggests chaetocin as a candidate for CRC chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuangyu Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangdong Key Laboratory Animal Lab, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiqian Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiyuan Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junxiong Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weibiao Ye
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Wende Li
- Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangdong Key Laboratory Animal Lab, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junsheng Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangling Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huanliang Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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16
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ACE2 : S1 RBD Interaction-Targeted Peptides and Small Molecules as Potential COVID-19 Therapeutics. Adv Pharmacol Pharm Sci 2021; 2021:1828792. [PMID: 34746794 PMCID: PMC8564205 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1828792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic that began in late 2019 continues with new challenges arising due to antigenic drift as well as individuals who cannot or choose not to take the vaccine. There is therefore an urgent need for additional therapies that complement vaccines and approved therapies such as antibodies in the fight to end or slow down the pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 initiates invasion of the human target cell through direct contact between the receptor-binding domain of its Spike protein and its cellular receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2). The ACE2 and S1 RBD interaction, therefore, represents an attractive therapeutic intervention to prevent viral entry and spread. In this study, we developed a proximity-based AlphaScreen™ assay that can be utilized to quickly and efficiently screen for inhibitors that perturb the ACE2 : S1 RBD interaction. We then designed several peptides candidates from motifs in ACE2 and S1 RBD that play critical roles in the interaction, with and without modifications to the native sequences. We also assessed the possibility of reprofiling of candidate small molecules that previously have been shown to interfere with the viral entry of SARS-CoV. Using our optimized AlphaScreen™ assay, we evaluated the activity and specificity of these peptides and small molecules in inhibiting the binding of ACE2 : S1 RBD. This screen identified cepharanthine as a promising candidate for development as a SARS-CoV-2 entry inhibitor.
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17
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Huang B, Bai Z, Ye X, Zhou C, Xie X, Zhong Y, Lin K, Ma L. Structural analysis and binding sites of inhibitors targeting the CD47/SIRPα interaction in anticancer therapy. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:5494-5503. [PMID: 34712395 PMCID: PMC8517548 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation 47 (CD47)/signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα) is a negative innate immune checkpoint signaling pathway that restrains immunosurveillance and immune clearance, and thus has aroused wide interest in cancer immunotherapy. Blockade of the CD47/SIRPα signaling pathway shows remarkable antitumor effects in clinical trials. Currently, all inhibitors targeting CD47/SIRPα in clinical trials are biomacromolecules. The poor permeability and undesirable oral bioavailability of biomacromolecules have caused researchers to develop small-molecule CD47/SIRPα pathway inhibitors. This review will summarize the recent advances in CD47/SIRPα interactions, including crystal structures, peptides and small molecule inhibitors. In particular, we have employed computer-aided drug discovery (CADD) approaches to analyze all the published crystal structures and docking results of small molecule inhibitors of CD47/SIRPα, providing insight into the key interaction information to facilitate future development of small molecule CD47/SIRPα inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Zhaoshi Bai
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Xinyue Ye
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Chenyu Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Xiaolin Xie
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Yuejiao Zhong
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Kejiang Lin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Lingman Ma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
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18
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Kaur S, Bronson SM, Pal-Nath D, Miller TW, Soto-Pantoja DR, Roberts DD. Functions of Thrombospondin-1 in the Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4570. [PMID: 33925464 PMCID: PMC8123789 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of thrombospondin-1 as an angiogenesis inhibitor in 1990 prompted interest in its role in cancer biology and potential as a therapeutic target. Decreased thrombospondin-1 mRNA and protein expression are associated with progression in several cancers, while expression by nonmalignant cells in the tumor microenvironment and circulating levels in cancer patients can be elevated. THBS1 is not a tumor suppressor gene, but the regulation of its expression in malignant cells by oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes mediates some of their effects on carcinogenesis, tumor progression, and metastasis. In addition to regulating angiogenesis and perfusion of the tumor vasculature, thrombospondin-1 limits antitumor immunity by CD47-dependent regulation of innate and adaptive immune cells. Conversely, thrombospondin-1 is a component of particles released by immune cells that mediate tumor cell killing. Thrombospondin-1 differentially regulates the sensitivity of malignant and nonmalignant cells to genotoxic stress caused by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The diverse activities of thrombospondin-1 to regulate autophagy, senescence, stem cell maintenance, extracellular vesicle function, and metabolic responses to ischemic and genotoxic stress are mediated by several cell surface receptors and by regulating the functions of several secreted proteins. This review highlights progress in understanding thrombospondin-1 functions in cancer and the challenges that remain in harnessing its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhbir Kaur
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (S.K.); (D.P.-N.)
| | - Steven M. Bronson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA;
| | - Dipasmita Pal-Nath
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (S.K.); (D.P.-N.)
| | - Thomas W. Miller
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13273 Marseille, France
| | - David R. Soto-Pantoja
- Department of Surgery and Department of Cancer Biology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - David D. Roberts
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (S.K.); (D.P.-N.)
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19
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Wiedmann M, Dranchak PK, Aitha M, Queme B, Collmus CD, Kashipathy MM, Kanter L, Lamy L, Rogers JM, Tao D, Battaile KP, Rai G, Lovell S, Suga H, Inglese J. Structure-activity relationship of ipglycermide binding to phosphoglycerate mutases. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100628. [PMID: 33812994 PMCID: PMC8113725 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Catalysis of human phosphoglycerate mutase is dependent on a 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate cofactor (dPGM), whereas the nonhomologous isozyme in many parasitic species is cofactor independent (iPGM). This mechanistic and phylogenetic diversity offers an opportunity for selective pharmacologic targeting of glycolysis in disease-causing organisms. We previously discovered ipglycermide, a potent inhibitor of iPGM, from a large combinatorial cyclic peptide library. To fully delineate the ipglycermide pharmacophore, herein we construct a detailed structure–activity relationship using 280 substituted ipglycermide analogs. Binding affinities of these analogs to immobilized Caenorhabditis elegans iPGM, measured as fold enrichment relative to the index residue by deep sequencing of an mRNA display library, illuminated the significance of each amino acid to the pharmacophore. Using cocrystal structures and binding kinetics, we show that the high affinity of ipglycermide for iPGM orthologs, from Brugia malayi, Onchocerca volvulus, Dirofilaria immitis, and Escherichia coli, is achieved by a codependence between (1) the off-rate mediated by the macrocycle Cys14 thiolate coordination to an active-site Zn2+ in the iPGM phosphatase domain and (2) shape complementarity surrounding the macrocyclic core at the phosphotransferase–phosphatase domain interface. Our results show that the high-affinity binding of ipglycermide to iPGMs freezes these structurally dynamic enzymes into an inactive, stable complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Wiedmann
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Patricia K Dranchak
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Mahesh Aitha
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Bryan Queme
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Christopher D Collmus
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Maithri M Kashipathy
- Protein Structure Laboratory, Structural Biology Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Liza Kanter
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Laurence Lamy
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Joseph M Rogers
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Dingyin Tao
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Kevin P Battaile
- IMCA-CAT Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, USA
| | - Ganesha Rai
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Scott Lovell
- Protein Structure Laboratory, Structural Biology Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Hiroaki Suga
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - James Inglese
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA; National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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20
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Oronsky B, Cabrales P, Caroen S, Guo X, Scribner C, Oronsky A, Reid TR. RRx-001, a downregulator of the CD47- SIRPα checkpoint pathway, does not cause anemia or thrombocytopenia. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2021; 17:355-357. [PMID: 33432831 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2021.1876025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The CD47 and SIRPα checkpoint pathway has garnered much interest within the anti-cancer research community, with multiple experimental checkpoint inhibitors targeting CD47 and SIRPα in development. The use of such checkpoint inhibitors may however be limited by hematologic toxicity.Areas covered: We report on RRx-001, the first known small molecule downregulator of CD47 and SIRPα, which has shown a lack of hematologic toxicity in clinical trials.Expert opinion: RRx-001 is the first reported small molecule downregulator of CD47 and SIRPα and lacks any notable hematologic or systemic toxicity as demonstrated in clinical trials to date. Small molecule RRx-001 could be used in combination with or in place of CD47 targeting antibodies for anti-cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Oronsky
- Clinical Department, EpicentRx, Inc, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pedro Cabrales
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Scott Caroen
- Clinical Department, EpicentRx, Inc, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Xiaoning Guo
- Clinical Department, SciClone Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | - Tony R Reid
- Clinical Department, EpicentRx, Inc, La Jolla, CA, USA
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21
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Yu WB, Ye ZH, Chen X, Shi JJ, Lu JJ. The development of small-molecule inhibitors targeting CD47. Drug Discov Today 2020; 26:561-568. [PMID: 33197622 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has become an indispensable part of cancer treatment. A pivotal phagocytosis checkpoint, named cluster of differentiation 47 (CD47), which functions as 'don't eat me' signal to protect cells from phagocytosis upon interaction with signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα) on macrophages, has recently attracted much attention. Numerous antibodies targeting the CD47/SIRPα axis have shown encouraging efficacy in clinical trials. Meanwhile, studies on small-molecule inhibitors that interfere with CD47/SIRPα interaction or regulate CD47 expression are also in full swing. In this review, we summarize the small-molecule inhibitors interrupting the binding of CD47/SIRPα and regulating CD47 at the transcriptional, translational, and post-translational modification (PTM) levels. We provide perspectives and strategies for targeting the CD47/SIRPα phagocytosis checkpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Bang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Zi-Han Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Xiuping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Jia-Jie Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
| | - Jin-Jian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
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22
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Kieffer C, Jourdan JP, Jouanne M, Voisin-Chiret AS. Noncellular screening for the discovery of protein–protein interaction modulators. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:1592-1603. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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23
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Bosc N, Muller C, Hoffer L, Lagorce D, Bourg S, Derviaux C, Gourdel ME, Rain JC, Miller TW, Villoutreix BO, Miteva MA, Bonnet P, Morelli X, Sperandio O, Roche P. Fr-PPIChem: An Academic Compound Library Dedicated to Protein-Protein Interactions. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:1566-1574. [PMID: 32320205 PMCID: PMC7399473 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) mediate nearly every cellular process and represent attractive targets for modulating disease states but are challenging to target with small molecules. Despite this, several PPI inhibitors (iPPIs) have entered clinical trials, and a growing number of PPIs have become validated drug targets. However, high-throughput screening efforts still endure low hit rates mainly because of the use of unsuitable screening libraries. Here, we describe the collective effort of a French consortium to build, select, and store in plates a unique chemical library dedicated to the inhibition of PPIs. Using two independent predictive models and two updated databases of experimentally confirmed PPI inhibitors developed by members of the consortium, we built models based on different training sets, molecular descriptors, and machine learning methods. Independent statistical models were used to select putative PPI inhibitors from large commercial compound collections showing great complementarity. Medicinal chemistry filters were applied to remove undesirable structures from this set (such as PAINS, frequent hitters, and toxic compounds) and to improve drug likeness. The remaining compounds were subjected to a clustering procedure to reduce the final size of the library while maintaining its chemical diversity. In practice, the library showed a 46-fold activity rate enhancement when compared to a non-iPPI-enriched diversity library in high-throughput screening against the CD47-SIRPα PPI. The Fr-PPIChem library is plated in 384-well plates and will be distributed on demand to the scientific community as a powerful tool for discovering new chemical probes and early hits for the development of potential therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Bosc
- Inserm U973 MTi, 25 rue Hélène Brion 75013 Paris
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Bioinformatique Structurale, CNRS UMR3528, 28 rue du Dr Roux 75015 Paris
| | - Christophe Muller
- IPC Drug Discovery Platform, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 232 Boulevard de Sainte-Marguerite, 13009, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Hoffer
- CRCM, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Univ, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - David Lagorce
- Université de Paris, INSERM US14, Plateforme Maladies Rares - Orphanet, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Bourg
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA), Université d’Orléans, UMR CNRS 7311, BP 6759, 45067 Orléans. France
| | - Carine Derviaux
- IPC Drug Discovery Platform, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 232 Boulevard de Sainte-Marguerite, 13009, Marseille, France
| | - Marie-Edith Gourdel
- Hybrigenics Services SAS, 1 rue Pierre Fontaine, 91000 Evry Courcouronnes, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Rain
- Hybrigenics Services SAS, 1 rue Pierre Fontaine, 91000 Evry Courcouronnes, France
| | - Thomas W. Miller
- IPC Drug Discovery Platform, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 232 Boulevard de Sainte-Marguerite, 13009, Marseille, France
| | - Bruno O. Villoutreix
- Université de Lille, INSERM, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for living Systems, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Maria A. Miteva
- Inserm U1268 MCTR, CNRS UMR 8038 CiTCoM – Univ. De Paris, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Pascal Bonnet
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA), Université d’Orléans, UMR CNRS 7311, BP 6759, 45067 Orléans. France
| | - Xavier Morelli
- IPC Drug Discovery Platform, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 232 Boulevard de Sainte-Marguerite, 13009, Marseille, France
- CRCM, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Univ, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Sperandio
- Inserm U973 MTi, 25 rue Hélène Brion 75013 Paris
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Bioinformatique Structurale, CNRS UMR3528, 28 rue du Dr Roux 75015 Paris
| | - Philippe Roche
- CRCM, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Univ, 13009 Marseille, France
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24
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Burgess TL, Amason JD, Rubin JS, Duveau DY, Lamy L, Roberts DD, Farrell CL, Inglese J, Thomas CJ, Miller TW. A homogeneous SIRPα-CD47 cell-based, ligand-binding assay: Utility for small molecule drug development in immuno-oncology. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0226661. [PMID: 32240171 PMCID: PMC7117682 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
CD47 is an immune checkpoint protein that downregulates both the innate and adaptive anti-tumor immune response via its counter receptor SIRPα. Biologics, including humanized CD47 monoclonal antibodies and decoy SIRPα receptors, that block the SIRPα-CD47 interaction, are currently being developed as cancer immunotherapy agents. However, adverse side effects and limited penetration of tumor tissue associated with their structure and large size may impede their clinical application. We recently developed a quantitative high throughput screening assay platform to identify small molecules that disrupt the binding of SIRPα and CD47 as an alternative approach to these protein-based therapeutics. Here, we report on the development and optimization of a cell-based binding assay to validate active small molecules from our biochemical screening effort. This assay has a low volume, high capacity homogenous format that relies on laser scanning cytometry (LSC) and associated techniques to enhance signal to noise measurement of cell surface binding. The LSC assay is specific, concentration dependent, and validated for the two major human SIRPα variants (V1 and V2), with results that parallel those of our biochemical data as well as published studies. We also utilized the LSC assay to confirm published studies showing that the inhibition of amino-terminal pyroglutamate formation on CD47 using the glutaminyl cyclase inhibitor SEN177 disrupts SIRPα binding. The SIRPα-CD47 interaction could be quantitatively measured in live and fixed tumor cells. Use of fixed cells reduces the burden of cell maintenance and provides stable cell standards to control for inter- and intra-assay variations. We also demonstrate the utility of the assay to characterize the activity of the first reported small molecule antagonists of the SIRPα-CD47 interaction. This assay will support the screening of thousands of compounds to identify or validate active small molecules as hits, develop structure activity relationships and assist in the optimization of hits to leads by a typical iterative medicinal chemistry campaign.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa L. Burgess
- Paradigm Shift Therapeutics LLC, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joshua D. Amason
- Paradigm Shift Therapeutics LLC, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey S. Rubin
- Paradigm Shift Therapeutics LLC, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Damien Y. Duveau
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Studies, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Laurence Lamy
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Studies, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David D. Roberts
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - James Inglese
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Studies, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Craig J. Thomas
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Studies, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Thomas W. Miller
- Paradigm Shift Therapeutics LLC, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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25
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Borsari C, Trader DJ, Tait A, Costi MP. Designing Chimeric Molecules for Drug Discovery by Leveraging Chemical Biology. J Med Chem 2020; 63:1908-1928. [PMID: 32023055 PMCID: PMC7997565 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
After the first seed concept introduced in the 18th century, different disciplines have attributed different names to dual-functional molecules depending on their application, including bioconjugates, bifunctional compounds, multitargeting molecules, chimeras, hybrids, engineered compounds. However, these engineered constructs share a general structure: a first component that targets a specific cell and a second component that exerts the pharmacological activity. A stable or cleavable linker connects the two modules of a chimera. Herein, we discuss the recent advances in the rapidly expanding field of chimeric molecules leveraging chemical biology concepts. This Perspective is focused on bifunctional compounds in which one component is a lead compound or a drug. In detail, we discuss chemical features of chimeric molecules and their use for targeted delivery and for target engagement studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Borsari
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Darci J Trader
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, 610 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Annalisa Tait
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Maria P Costi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
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