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Xu Z, Zhang R, Chen H, Zhang L, Yan X, Qin Z, Cong S, Tan Z, Li T, Du M. Characterization and preparation of food-derived peptides on improving osteoporosis: A review. Food Chem X 2024; 23:101530. [PMID: 38933991 PMCID: PMC11200288 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a systemic bone disease characterized by reduced bone mass and deterioration of the microstructure of bone tissue, leading to an increased risk of fragility fractures and affecting human health worldwide. Food-derived peptides are widely used in functional foods due to their low toxicity, ease of digestion and absorption, and potential to improve osteoporosis. This review summarized and discussed methods of diagnosing osteoporosis, treatment approaches, specific peptides as alternatives to conventional drugs, and the laboratory preparation and identification methods of peptides. It was found that peptides interacting with RGD (arginine-glycine-aspartic acid)-binding active sites in integrin could alleviate osteoporosis, analyzed the interaction sites between these osteogenic peptides and integrin, and further discussed their effects on improving osteoporosis. These may provide new insights for rapid screening of osteogenic peptides, and provide a theoretical basis for their application in bone materials and functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Xu
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Dalian Minzu University, Ministry of Education, Dalian 116600, China
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops & Center of Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Hongrui Chen
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Food Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Xihua University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Dalian Minzu University, Ministry of Education, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Xu Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Dalian Minzu University, Ministry of Education, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Zijin Qin
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Clarke, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Shuang Cong
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, China
| | - Zhijian Tan
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops & Center of Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Tingting Li
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Dalian Minzu University, Ministry of Education, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Ming Du
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
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Hanusch B, Falkenstein M, Volkenstein S, Dazert S, Lücke T, Sinningen K. No Impairment in Bone Turnover or Executive Functions in Well-Treated Preschoolers with Phenylketonuria-A Pilot Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:2072. [PMID: 38999818 PMCID: PMC11243048 DOI: 10.3390/nu16132072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) present signs of impaired executive functioning and bone health in adolescence and adulthood, depending in part on the success of therapy in childhood. Therefore, nine children with well-treated PKU (4-7 years old, 22.2% ♀, seven with a full set of data, two included into partial analysis) and 18 age-, gender- and season-matched controls were analyzed for differences in executive functioning and bone parameters in plasma. Plasma was analyzed with commercially available kits. Cognitive performance in tonic alertness, visuo-spatial working memory, inhibitory control and task switching was assessed by a task battery presented on a touch screen. Regarding cognition, only the performance in incongruent conditions in inhibitory control was significantly better in children with PKU than in controls. No further differences in cognitive tests were detected. Furthermore, no significant difference in the bone turnover markers osteocalcin, undercarboxylated osteocalcin and CTX were detected between children with PKU and controls, while children with PKU had a significantly higher vitamin D concentration (69.44 ± 12.83 nmol/L vs. 41.87 ± 15.99 nmol/L, p < 0.001) and trended towards lower parathyroid hormone concentrations than controls (48.27 ± 15.16 pg/mL vs. 70.61 ± 30.53 pg/mL, p = 0.066). In this small group of well-treated preschoolers with PKU, no impairments in cognitive performance and bone turnover were observed, while vitamin D supplementation of amino acid supplements seems to be sufficient to achieve good vitamin D status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Hanusch
- Research Department of Child Nutrition, University Hospital of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Volkenstein
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Johannes Wesling Klinikum Minden, Ruhr-University Bochum, 32429 Minden, Germany
| | - Stefan Dazert
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, St. Elisabeth-Hospital Bochum, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44787 Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Lücke
- Research Department of Child Nutrition, University Hospital of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Kathrin Sinningen
- Research Department of Child Nutrition, University Hospital of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany
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Gajewska J, Chełchowska M, Rowicka G, Klemarczyk W, Głąb-Jabłońska E, Ambroszkiewicz J. Assessment of Biochemical Bone Turnover Markers in Polish Healthy Children and Adolescents. JOURNAL OF MOTHER AND CHILD 2024; 28:14-22. [PMID: 38639100 PMCID: PMC11027035 DOI: 10.34763/jmotherandchild.20242801.d-23-00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessing bone turnover in paediatric populations is crucial for understanding the physiological changes occurring during skeletal development and identifying potential abnormalities. The objective of this study was to assess osteocalcin (OC), bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP), and C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-I) levels reflecting bone formation and resorption for age and sex in Polish healthy children and adolescents. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 355 healthy normal-weight children and adolescents (46.5% girls) aged 1-18 years old were recruited. Total body less head (TBLH) and spine L1-L4 were used in children to assess bone mineral density (BMD) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Bone marker concentrations were determined by immunoenzymatic methods. RESULTS Bone marker levels in girls and boys started with higher values in the first year of life and subsequently decreased until reaching a nadir during the prepubertal period. The pubertal peak values of bone markers were reached at 11-13 years old in boys and at 9-11 years old in girls. After puberty, the adolescents showed a gradual decline in bone marker concentrations to the values observed in adults. We found positive correlations between OC level and TBLH-BMD (r = 0.329, p = 0.002), TBLH-BMD Z-score (r = 0.245, p = 0.023), and L1-L4 BMD (r = 0.280, p = 0.009) in the prepubertal group. CONCLUSIONS We showed serum levels of bone turnover markers-BALP, OC, and CTX-I-in relation to age and sex in healthy Polish children and adolescents. The age intervals of these markers for girls and boys aged 1-18 years old may be clinically useful in the assessment of bone metabolism in individuals with skeletal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Gajewska
- Department of Screening Tests and Metabolic Diagnostics, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw01-211, Kasprzaka 17a, Poland
| | - Magdalena Chełchowska
- Department of Screening Tests and Metabolic Diagnostics, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw01-211, Kasprzaka 17a, Poland
| | - Grażyna Rowicka
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw01-211, Kasprzaka 17aPoland
| | - Witold Klemarczyk
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw01-211, Kasprzaka 17aPoland
| | - Ewa Głąb-Jabłońska
- Department of Screening Tests and Metabolic Diagnostics, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw01-211, Kasprzaka 17a, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Ambroszkiewicz
- Department of Screening Tests and Metabolic Diagnostics, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw01-211, Kasprzaka 17a, Poland
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Ding M, Li B, Chen H, Liang D, Ross RP, Stanton C, Zhao J, Chen W, Yang B. Human breastmilk-derived Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis CCFM1269 regulates bone formation by the GH/IGF axis through PI3K/AKT pathway. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2290344. [PMID: 38116652 PMCID: PMC10761167 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2290344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis is a prevalent member of the gut microbiota of breastfed infants. In this study, the effects of human breastmilk-derived B.longum subsp. infantis CCFM1269 on bone formation in developing BALB/c mice were investigated. Newborn female and male mice were assigned to control group (administered saline), CCFM11269 group (administered B. longum subsp. infantis CCFM1269, 1 × 109 CFU/mouse/day) and I5TI group (administered B. longum subsp. infantis I5TI, 1 × 109 CFU/mouse/day) from 1-week-old to 3-, 4- and 5-week old. B. longum subsp. infantis I5TI served as a negative control in this study. The results demonstrated that B. longum subsp. infantis CCFM1269 promoted bone formation in growing mice by modulating the composition of the gut microbiota and metabolites. The expression of genes and proteins in the PI3K/AKT pathway was stimulated by B. longum subsp. infantis CCFM1269 through the GH/IGF-1 axis in growing mice. This finding suggests B. longum subsp. infantis CCFM1269 may be useful for modulating bone metabolism during growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haiqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dong Liang
- Department of Applied Nutrition I, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - R. Paul Ross
- International Joint Research Center for Probiotics & Gut Health, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- International Joint Research Center for Probiotics & Gut Health, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Food Biosciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- International Joint Research Center for Probiotics & Gut Health, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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Pontán F, Hauta-Alus H, Valkama S, Rosendahl J, Enlund-Cerullo M, Andersson S, Mäkitie O, Holmlund-Suila E. Alkaline Phosphatase and Hyperphosphatasemia in Vitamin D Trial in Healthy Infants and Toddlers. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:e1082-e1091. [PMID: 37061810 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Childhood hyperphosphatasemia is usually transient and may be associated with infections. It remains less well known how hyperphosphatasemia is related to growth and bone mineralization. OBJECTIVE We explored alkaline phosphatase (ALP) concentrations and prevalence of hyperphosphatasemia, and their association with vitamin D, growth, infections, and bone parameters in healthy children. METHODS The study was a secondary analysis of a vitamin D intervention trial. Participants received vitamin D3 10 or 30 µg daily from age 2 weeks to 2 years. Children with data on ALP at 12 and/or 24 months (n = 813, girls 51.9%) were included. Anthropometrics and bone parameters were measured at 12 and 24 months. Infections were recorded prospectively by the parents. RESULTS Boys had higher ALP than girls at 12 months (median [IQR] 287 [241-345] U/L vs 266 [218-341] U/L; P = .02). At 24 months concentrations were lower than at 12 months (240 [202-284]; P < .001) but without sex difference. The prevalence of hyperphosphatasemia (ALP > 1000 U/L) at 12 months was 5.3% and at 24 months 0.6%. Body size, growth rate, and bone mineral content associated positively with ALP, while vitamin D intervention had no effect. Infants with hyperphosphatasemia were smaller than infants with ALP ≤ 1000 U/L. Hyperphosphatasemia was not associated with previous infections. CONCLUSION Approximately 5% of infants had hyperphosphatasemia at 12 months, but <1% at 24 months. ALP concentrations and hyperphosphatasemia were associated with sex, anthropometry, and bone mineralization. Infections did not contribute to hyperphosphatasemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freja Pontán
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Helena Hauta-Alus
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Population Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), 00300 Helsinki, Finland
- Clinical Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Saara Valkama
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jenni Rosendahl
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria Enlund-Cerullo
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sture Andersson
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisa Holmlund-Suila
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Chubb SAP, Vasikaran SD, Gillett MJ. Reference intervals for plasma β-CTX and P1NP in children: a systematic review and pooled estimates. Clin Biochem 2023:S0009-9120(23)00085-1. [PMID: 37187224 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reference intervals for plasma P1NP and β-CTX in children and adolescents from several studies have recently been published. The aim of this study was to combine the available data into a set of reference intervals for use in clinical laboratories. DESIGN AND METHODS A systematic literature search for primary studies reporting reference intervals for plasma P1NP and β-CTX in infants, children and adolescents using the Roche methods was carried out. Reference limits were extracted. For each year of age, mean upper and lower reference limits were calculated, weighted by the number of subjects in each study, and were plotted against age. Proposed reference limits were developed from the weighted mean data with age partitions determined pragmatically. RESULTS Reference limits for clinical use for females to 25 years and males to 18 years, based on the weighted mean reference data, are presented. Ten studies contributed to the pooled analysis. The proposed reference limits are identical for males and females <9 years age, prior to the pubertal growth spurt. For β-CTX, the weighted mean reference limits showed relatively constant values during the pre-pubertal years but a marked increase during puberty before a rapid decline towards adult values. Those for P1NP showed high values declining rapidly in the first 2 years of life, followed by a modest increase during early puberty. Limited published information for late adolescent and young adult subjects was noted. CONCLUSIONS The proposed reference intervals may be useful for clinical laboratories reporting these bone turnover markers measured by the Roche assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A P Chubb
- Biochemistry Department, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia; School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - S D Vasikaran
- Biochemistry Department, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - M J Gillett
- Biochemistry Department, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
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Ladang A, Rauch F, Delvin E, Cavalier E. Bone Turnover Markers in Children: From Laboratory Challenges to Clinical Interpretation. Calcif Tissue Int 2023; 112:218-232. [PMID: 35243530 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-022-00964-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Bone turnover markers (BTMs) have been developed many years ago to study, in combination with imaging techniques, bone remodeling in adults. In children and adolescents, bone metabolism differs from adults since it implies both growth and bone remodeling, suggesting an age- and gender-dependent BTM concentration. Therefore, specific studies have evaluated BTMs in not only physiological but also pathological conditions. However, in pediatrics, the use of BTMs in clinical practice is still limited due to these many children-related specificities. This review will discuss about physiological levels of BTMs as well as their modifications under pathological conditions in children and adolescents. A focus is also given on analytical and clinical challenges that restrain BTM usefulness in pediatrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Ladang
- Clinical Chemistry Department, CHU de Liège, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Frank Rauch
- Shriners Hospital for Children, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Edgard Delvin
- Centre & Department of Biochemistry, Ste-Justine University Hospital Research, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
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Banica T, Vandewalle S, Zmierczak HG, Goemaere S, De Buyser S, Fiers T, Kaufman JM, De Schepper J, Lapauw B. The relationship between circulating hormone levels, bone turnover markers and skeletal development in healthy boys differs according to maturation stage. Bone 2022; 158:116368. [PMID: 35181575 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study investigates peri-pubertal changes in bone turnover markers, Wnt-signalling markers, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and sex steroid levels, and how they reflect skeletal development in peri-pubertal boys. MATERIALS AND METHODS Population-based study in 118 peri-pubertal boys from the NINIOS cohort (age range at baseline 5.1-17.3 years) with repeated measurements at baseline and after two years. Serum levels of the classical bone turnover markers (BTM) procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide and carboxy-terminal collagen crosslinks, as well as sex-hormone binding globulin, IGF-1, osteoprotegerin, sclerostin and dickkopf-1 were measured using immunoassays. Sex steroids (estradiol, testosterone, and androstenedione) were measured using mass spectrometry and free fractions calculated. Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry was used for bone measurements at the lumbar spine and whole body. Volumetric bone parameters and bone geometry at the proximal and distal radius were assessed by peripheral QCT. Pubertal development was categorized based on Tanner staging. RESULTS During puberty, sex steroid and IGF-1-levels along with most parameters of bone mass and bone size increased every next Tanner stage. In contrast, classical bone turnover markers and sclerostin peaked around mid-puberty, with subsequent declines towards adult values in late puberty. Especially classical BTM and sex steroid levels showed consistent associations with areal and volumetric bone parameters and bone geometry. However, observed associations differed markedly according to pubertal stage and skeletal site. CONCLUSION Serum levels of sex steroids, IGF-1 and bone metabolism markers reflect skeletal development in peri-pubertal boys. However, skeletal development during puberty is nonlinear, and the relations between skeletal indices and hormonal parameters are nonlinear as well, and dependent on the respective maturation stage and skeletal site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiberiu Banica
- Unit for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Sara Vandewalle
- Unit for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hans-Georg Zmierczak
- Unit for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefan Goemaere
- Unit for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefanie De Buyser
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Fiers
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jean-Marc Kaufman
- Unit for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jean De Schepper
- Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium and Free University of Brussels, Ghent, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bruno Lapauw
- Unit for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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Semler O, Partsch CJ, Das AM, Prechtl A, Grasemann C. Cross-sectional analysis: clinical presentation of children with persistently low ALP levels. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2021; 34:1559-1566. [PMID: 34428361 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2021-0330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Low activity of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is a hallmark of hypophosphatasia (HPP), but low readings of ALP are not always recognized in clinical routine. Understanding the clinical presentations associated with low ALP may contribute to a timelier diagnosis of HPP. METHODS Data from paediatric patients with low ALP, excluding patients in intensive care and with oncological/haematological disorders, were analysed. Most recent ALP values, previous diagnoses, medication and relevant symptoms were extracted from patient records at nine specialised centres and analysed descriptively. A relationship between body height and ALP values was scrutinised by linear regression. RESULTS Of 370 children, 15 (4.1%) had a diagnosis of HPP. In the subgroup without a diagnosis of HPP, 241 (67.9%) out of 355 patients had one or more medical conditions known to be associated with low serum ALP. Of those, hypothyroidism, malnutrition and steroid administration were most frequent. Characteristic symptoms, particularly, short stature, muscle weakness and delay of motor development were more frequent and ALP values were lower in patients with documented HPP diagnosis compared to patients without diagnosis of HPP (Ø z-scores: -2.52) (interquartile range [IQR] = 0.20) vs. -1.96 (IQR = 0.87). A weak positive linear relationship between z-scores of ALP and body height was identified (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS This analysis of paediatric patient records elucidates a wide range of disorders associated with low ALP activity. In case of additional specific symptoms, HPP should always be considered as a differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Semler
- Centre for Rare Skeletal Diseases in childhood, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Anibh Martin Das
- Department of Paediatrics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Centre for Rare Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Centre for Systems Neurosciences, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Corinna Grasemann
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rare Diseases, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Rogers CW, Gee EK, Dittmer KE. Growth and Bone Development in the Horse: When Is a Horse Skeletally Mature? Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123402. [PMID: 34944179 PMCID: PMC8698045 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary A comparison of the pattern of growth in the horse with definitions used to describe growth and development in humans demonstrates the same general pattern of growth. In the horse, these development periods are completed very early in life, generally by 2 years of age. Using a variety of measures to define the completion of growth and bone development, the horse enters skeletal maturity by the time it is 2 years old. There is little variation in the age of maturity across different horse breeds. These data support the hypothesis that the horse evolved to be a precocious cursorial grazer and is capable of athletic activity, and used in sport, relatively early in life. Abstract Within the lay literature, and social media in particular, there is often debate about the age at which a horse should be started and introduced to racing or sport. To optimize the welfare and longevity of horses in racing and sport, it is important to match exercise with musculoskeletal development and the ability of the musculoskeletal system to respond to loading. The justification for not exercising horses at a certain age is often in contrast to the scientific literature and framed, with incorrect generalizations, with human growth. This review provides a relative comparison of the growth and development of the horse to the descriptors used to define growth and development in humans. Measures of physeal closure and somatic growth demonstrate that the horse completes the equivalent of rapid infant growth by weaning (4–6 months old). At approximately 11 months old, the horse completes the equivalent of the childhood phase of growth and enters puberty. At 2 years old, the horse has achieved most measures of maturity used within the human literature, including the plateauing of vertical height, closure of growth plates, and adult ratios of back length:wither height and limb length:wither height. These data support the hypothesis that the horse evolved to be a precocious cursorial grazer and is capable of athletic activity, and use in sport, relatively early in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris W. Rogers
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (E.K.G.); (K.E.D.)
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
- Correspondence:
| | - Erica K. Gee
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (E.K.G.); (K.E.D.)
| | - Keren E. Dittmer
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (E.K.G.); (K.E.D.)
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Lucas R. Challenges of translating epidemiologic research: An application to rheumatic and musculoskeletal disorders. GLOBAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2021; 3:100069. [PMID: 37635721 PMCID: PMC10445986 DOI: 10.1016/j.gloepi.2021.100069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Translation of research into public health policy is featured in common definitions of epidemiology, as an end result of scientific discovery on disease occurrence and causes. This dual nature of epidemiology, which brings together discovery and its use, seems to imply two main dimensions by which to judge epidemiologic research: technical or field-specific quality and societal value. This paper uses our research on the epidemiology of rheumatic and musculoskeletal disorders as a starting point to discuss the interface between these dimensions, exploring a number of conceptual, practical and ethical challenges that epidemiologists increasingly need to address when aiming for research translation. Those include not only the appraisal of the technical quality of research, which is familiar to researchers, but also the judgement on the usefulness and actual use of knowledge, as well as the assessment of the legitimacy of research based on translation potential. Several challenges lie ahead, but interdisciplinary conceptual and technical developments have the potential to guide future epidemiologic research of consequence. Approaches that recognize complexity and formalize the involvement of stakeholders in the research process within transparent frameworks open promising avenues for an effective translation of epidemiologic research projected into the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Lucas
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200 319 Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit – Unidade de Investigação em Epidemiologia, Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050 600 Porto, Portugal
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