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Liu X, Wang Y, Yang Z, Wu Z, Li J, Tong Z, Li X, Ren F, Zhu X, Jin M, Mao G. Analysis of the immunological response to antiviral therapy in patients with different subtypes of HIV/AIDS: a retrospective cohort study. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e072597. [PMID: 38749684 PMCID: PMC11097878 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-072597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of standardised antiretroviral therapy (ART) among different HIV subtypes in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), and to screen the best ART regimen for this patient population. DESIGN A retrospective cohort study was performed, and PLWHA residing in Huzhou, China, between 2018 and 2020, were enrolled. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Data from 625 patients, who were newly diagnosed with HIV/AIDS in the AIDS Prevention and Control Information System in Huzhou between 2018 and 2020, were reviewed. ANALYSIS AND OUTCOME MEASURES Data regarding demographic characteristics and laboratory investigation results were collected. Immune system recovery was used to assess the effectiveness of ART, and an increased percentage of CD4+ T lymphocyte counts >30% after receiving ART for >1 year was determined as immunopositive. A multiple logistic regression model was used to comprehensively quantify the association between PLWHA immunological response status and virus subtype. In addition, the joint association between different subtypes and treatment regimens on immunological response status was investigated. RESULTS Among 326 enrolled PLWHA with circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) CRF01_AE, CRF07_BC and other HIV/AIDS subtypes, the percentages of immunopositivity were 74.0%, 65.6% and 69.6%, respectively. According to multivariate logistic regression models, there was no difference in the immunological response between patients with CRF01_AE, CRF07_BC and other subtypes of HIV/AIDS who underwent ART (CRF07_BC: adjusted OR (aOR) (95% CI) = 0.8 (0.4 to 1.4); other subtypes: aOR (95% CI) = 1.2 (0.6 to 2.3)). There was no evidence of an obvious joint association between HIV subtypes and ART regimens on immunological response. CONCLUSIONS Standardised ART was beneficial to all PLWHA, regardless of HIV subtypes, although it was more effective, to some extent, in PLWHA with CRF01_AE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Liu
- Huzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Huzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Division of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health & Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Center on Evidence-Based Medicine & Clinical Epidemiological Research, School of Public Health & Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhongrong Yang
- Huzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenqian Wu
- Huzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Li
- Huzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhaowei Tong
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feilin Ren
- Huzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhu
- Huzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meihua Jin
- Huzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guangyun Mao
- Division of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health & Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Center on Evidence-Based Medicine & Clinical Epidemiological Research, School of Public Health & Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Zhai M, Lei X, Li Y, Li L, Jiang Q, Li Y, Liu S. The trend of AIDS in China: A prediction and comparative analysis with G20 countries based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. J Glob Health 2024; 14:04029. [PMID: 38426702 PMCID: PMC10906135 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.14.04029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In China, AIDS has become the most severe notifiable infectious disease. The study aimed to analyse and predict the trend of AIDS in China and compared with Group of Twenty (G20) countries. Methods We utilised incidence, mortality or disability-adjusted life years (DALY), age-standardised rates (ASR), average annual percentage changes (AAPC) to estimate the trend via GBD 2019. The Joinpoint regression analysis was applied to identify the most significant years of change. We explored the relationship between AAPC and social development index (SDI) or health care access and quality (HAQ), and predicted trends for the next 20 years. Results The DALY in G20 increase of 340.42%, and 794.50% in China. The age-standardised DALY rate (ASDR) in G20 was 309.49 (95% uncertainty interval (UI) = 284.69, 350.58) in 2019, with an AAPC of 4.30. Among G20, the United States had the highest DALY in 1990, but it experienced a significant decline. In China, the ASDR was 98.15 (95% UI = 78.78, 119.58) with the 5th AAPC ranking. In term of gender, the incidence, mortality, DALY, and ASR of them in China and G20 were all higher in males. Furthermore, the gender gap in China had been widening. The most significant periods of ASDR increase in China were 1990-1995 and 2013-2016, and 1990-1994 in G20. The prediction for DALY indicated that high SDI countries were expected to exhibit a stable or declining trend, while low SDI countries showed an upward trend. China demonstrated a 57.66% increase in 2040 compared to 2019. Conclusions AIDS continues to be a significant burden. In China, the ASIR exhibited a decline trend in certain age groups, while the ASMR and ASDR continued to increase, with a widening gender disparity. In addition, according to our predict results, some countries could not achieve the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development set by the UNAIDS. Therefore, it is necessary to establish more effective and targeted measures, as well as actively explore new treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mimi Zhai
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xianyang Lei
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yunxia Li
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li Li
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Qin Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yamin Li
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Sushun Liu
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Mazaheri Z, Tahaghoghi-Hajghorbani S, Baesi K, Ghazvini K, Amel-Jamehdar S, Youssefi M. A survey of resistance mutations to reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTIs) among HIV-1 patients in northeast of Iran. MOLECULAR BIOLOGY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 13:117-125. [PMID: 38915452 PMCID: PMC11194027 DOI: 10.22099/mbrc.2024.48729.1895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
The use of a combination of three-drug regimen has improved HIV-1 infected patients' life span and quality; however the emergence of drug-resistant strains remains a main problem. Reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTIs) consist of a main part of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) regimen. The present study aimed to investigate resistant mutations to RTI drugs in both treatment naïve and under treatment HIV patients in Mashhad city, north-eastern Iran. RNA was extracted from sera of 22 treatment naïve and 22 under treatment patients. The mean age of under treated and treatment naive groups were 38.5±6.7 and 40.8±7.9 respectively. cDNA was synthesized and amplified with Nested PCR assay targeting specific sequences of RT gene. The PCR products were sent for sequencing. Bidirectional sequencing results were analysed using HIV drug resistance database supplied by Stanford University (HIV Drug Resistance Database, https://hivdb.stanford.edu). Among under treatment patients 10 out of 22 (45%) had at least one high-level resistance mutation which was higher than high level resistance mutation rate among treatment naive cases (P<0.01). Detected resistance mutations were as follows: K101E, K103N, K103E, V106M, V108I, E138A, V179T, Y181C, M184V, Y188L, Y188H, Y188F, G190A, L210W, T215F, T215Y, K219Q, and P225H. A high level of resistance mutations to RT inhibitors was observed that causes drug resistance especially against lamivudine (3TC). Such mutations should be considered as probable responsible for therapeutic failure. Serial surveillance studies of circulating drug resistance mutations are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Mazaheri
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sahar Tahaghoghi-Hajghorbani
- Immunogenetic and Cell Culture Department, Immunology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Kazem Baesi
- Hepatitis and AIDS Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kiarash Ghazvini
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saeid Amel-Jamehdar
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Masoud Youssefi
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Niu D, Xiao T, Chen Y, Tang H, Chen F, Cai C, Qin Q, Zhao D, Jin Y, Wang S, Hou Y, Lu Z, Yang L, Liu H, Xie D, Zou H, Lyu F. Excess mortality and associated factors among people living with HIV initiating highly active antiretroviral therapy in Luzhou, China 2006-2020. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:186. [PMID: 36991355 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08165-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To estimate crude mortality, excess mortality, and standardized mortality rates (SMR) among people living with HIV (PLHIV) initiating highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in Luzhou, China 2006-2020, and assess associated factors. METHODS PLHIV initiating HAART in the HIV/AIDS Comprehensive Response Information Management System (CRIMS) in Luzhou, China 2006-2020 were included in the retrospective cohort study. The crude mortality, excess mortality, and SMR were estimated. Multivariable Poisson regression model was used for analyzing risk factors associated with excess mortality rates. RESULTS The median age among 11,468 PLHIV initiating HAART was 54.5 years (IQR:43.1-65.2). The excess mortality rate decreased from 1.8 deaths/100 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI]:1.4-2.4) in 2006-2011 to 0.8 deaths/100 person-years (95%CI:0.7-0.9) in 2016-2020. SMR decreased from 5.4 deaths/100 person-years (95%CI:4.3-6.8) to 1.7 deaths/100 person-years (95%CI:1.5-1.8). Males had greater excess mortality with the eHR of 1.6 (95%CI:1.2-2.1) than females. PLHIV with CD4 counts ≥ 500 cells/μL had the eHR of 0.3 (95%CI:0.2-0.5) in comparison to those with CD4 counts < 200 cells/μL. PLHIV with WHO clinical stages III/IV had greater excess mortality with the eHR of 1.4 (95%CI:1.1-1.8). PLHIV with time from diagnosis to HAART initiation ≤ 3 months had the eHR of 0.7 (95%CI:0.5-0.9) compared to those with time ≥ 12 months. PLHIV with initial HAART regimens unchanged and viral suppression had the eHR of 1.9 (95%CI:1.4-2.6) and 0.1 (95%CI:0.0-0.1), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The excess mortality and SMR among PLHIV initiating HAART in Luzhou, China decreased substantially from 2006 to 2020, but the mortality rate among PLHIV was still higher than general population. PLHIV who were male, with baseline CD4 counts less than 200 cells/μL, WHO clinical stages III/IV, time from diagnosis to HAART initiation ≥ 12 months, initial HAART regimens unchanged, and virological failure had a greater risk of excess deaths. Early and efficient HAART would be significant in reducing excess mortality among PLHIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Niu
- Division of Epidemiology, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ticheng Xiao
- Luzhou Prefectural Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuanyi Chen
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Houlin Tang
- Division of Epidemiology, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Fangfang Chen
- Division of Epidemiology, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Qianqian Qin
- Division of Epidemiology, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Decai Zhao
- Division of Epidemiology, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yichen Jin
- Division of Epidemiology, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shi Wang
- Division of Epidemiology, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yushan Hou
- Division of Epidemiology, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Lu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Luoyao Yang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Luzhou Prefectural Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan, China
| | - Dongqin Xie
- Luzhou Prefectural Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan, China
| | - Huachun Zou
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Fan Lyu
- Division of Epidemiology, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
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Lu H, Nie P, Qian L. Impact of Internal Migration on Sexual Attitudes in China: The Moderating Role of Internet Use. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2023; 52:255-266. [PMID: 34988765 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-021-02155-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Using nationally representative data from China, this paper investigated the impact of internal migration on sexual attitudes and whether this relationship is moderated by Internet use. We provide evidence that internal migration had a significantly positive impact on attitudes toward the acceptance of premarital sex, extramarital sex, and homosexuality. We also found that the positive nexus between internal migration and sexual attitudes was moderated by Internet use. The results further indicated that internal migration influenced sexual attitudes through extrication from traditional gender role values, the deterioration of subjective well-being, and the improvement of economic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Lu
- The West Center for Economic Research, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Nie
- School of Economics and Finance, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Long Qian
- Institute of Food Economics, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, China
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Niu D, Tang H, Chen F, Zhao D, Zhao H, Hou Y, Wang S, Lyu F. Treatment failure and associated factors among people living with HIV on highly active antiretroviral therapy in mainland China: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284405. [PMID: 37130123 PMCID: PMC10153698 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reducing the prevalence of treatment failure among people living with HIV (PLHIV) on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is crucial for improving individual health and reducing disease burden. This study aimed to assess existing evidence on treatment failure and its associated factors among PLHIV in mainland China. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, WanFang, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and SinoMed databases. Relevant studies on treatment failure among PLHIV in mainland China until September 2022 were searched, including cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort studies. The primary outcome was treatment failure, and secondary outcomes were the potential influencing factors of treatment failure. We performed a meta-analysis to pool each outcome of interest, including meta-regression, subgroup, publication bias, and sensitivity analyses. RESULTS A total of 81 studies were deemed eligible and included in the final meta-analysis. The pooled treatment failure prevalence among PLHIV in mainland China was 14.40% (95% confidence interval [CI]:12.30-16.63), of which the virological and immunological failure prevalence was 10.53% (95%CI:8.51-12.74) and 18.75% (95%CI:15.44-22.06), respectively. The treatment failure prevalence before and after 2016 was 18.96% (95%CI:13.84-24.67) and 13.19% (95%CI:10.91-15.64). Factors associated with treatment failure included good treatment adherence (odds ratio [OR] = 0.36, 95%CI:0.26-0.51), baseline CD4 counts>200 cells/μL (OR = 0.39, 95%CI:0.21-0.75), HAART regimens containing Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (TDF) (OR = 0.70, 95%CI:0.54-0.92), WHO clinical stage III/IV (OR = 2.02, 95%CI:1.14-3.59) and age≥40 years (OR = 1.56, 95%CI:1.23-1.97). CONCLUSION The prevalence of treatment failure among PLHIV receiving HAART in mainland China was low and tended to decline. Poor adherence, low baseline CD4 count, HAART regimens without TDF, advanced clinical stage, and old age were contributing factors for treatment failure. Relevant intervention programs are needed with increasing treatment adherence through behavioral intervention or precise intervention targeting older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Niu
- Division of Epidemiology, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Houlin Tang
- Division of Epidemiology, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Fangfang Chen
- Division of Epidemiology, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Decai Zhao
- Division of Treatment and Care, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hehe Zhao
- Division of Epidemiology, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yushan Hou
- Division of Epidemiology, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shi Wang
- Division of Epidemiology, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Lyu
- Division of Epidemiology, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Lu Y, Tang S, Qin Y, Harypursat V, Wu H, Chen Y. Changes of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) burden globally and in China over three decades: a secondary analysis of global HIV statistics. Chin Med J (Engl) 2022; 135:2690-2698. [PMID: 36719358 PMCID: PMC9945378 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A more comprehensive understanding of the trends of incidence, prevalence, and mortality in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and their complex interrelationships, may provide important evidence for decision-making related to HIV prevention and control. The variances in these indices between different population groups, genders, and ages are critical to decipher evolving patterns of the HIV epidemic in specific populations. METHODS A secondary analysis of relevant data was conducted using data extracted from the Global Burden of Disease study of 2019. HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) incidence, prevalence, AIDS-related mortality, and mortality-to-prevalence ratio (MPR) for annual percentage change, average annual percentage change (AAPC), and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using joinpoint regression statistical analysis. RESULTS The AAPC of HIV/AIDS incidence, prevalence, AIDS-related mortality rate, and MPR were -1.4 (95% CI: -1.6, -1.2), 4.1 (95% CI: 4.0, 4.3), 2.0 (95% CI: 1.7, 2.3), and -2.1 (95% CI: -2.3, -1.8) between 1990 and 2019 globally, and were 3.5 (95% CI: 2.2, 4.8), 6.9 (95% CI: 6.8, 7.0), 8.1 (95% CI: 7.1, 9.1), and 1.2 (95% CI: 0.1, 2.3) in China during the same period. In terms of differences in the preceding indicators by gender, we observed a similar pattern of trends for male and female genders both globally and in China during the entire study period. Each specific age group exhibits a distinct pattern in terms of incidence, prevalence, mortality rate, and MPR both globally and in China. CONCLUSIONS Prevalence and mortality rates of HIV/AIDS have increased between 1990 and 2019 globally and in China. While the incidence rate and MPR have declined globally over the past three decades, these two indicators are observed to present an increasing trend in China. There is a high HIV burden among young and middle-aged adults globally; however, the elderly have a high HIV burden in China. HIV screening at older age should be scaled up, and patients with advanced HIV disease should be provided early with additional care and health resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing 400036, China
| | - Shengquan Tang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing 400036, China
| | - Yuanyuan Qin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing 400036, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Vijay Harypursat
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing 400036, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yaokai Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing 400036, China
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Chen L, Wang L, Qian Y, Chen H. Changes and Trend Disparities in Life Expectancy and Health-Adjusted Life Expectancy Attributed to Disability and Mortality From 1990 to 2019 in China. Front Public Health 2022; 10:925114. [PMID: 35923968 PMCID: PMC9339800 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.925114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to investigate sex, age, and cause-specific contributions to changes and trend disparities in life expectancy (LE) and health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE) attributed to disability and mortality from 1990 to 2019 in China, which provides insight into policy-making, health systems planning, and resource allocation. Methods Contributions of disability and mortality to changes and trend disparities in LE and HALE were estimated with standard abridged life table, Sullivan's method, and decomposition method, using retrospective demographic analysis based on mortality and years lived with disability (YLD) rates extracted from Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019). Results From 1990 to 2019, LE and HALE increased by 10.49 and 8.71 years for both sexes, mainly due to noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) (5.83 years, 55.58% for LE and 6.28 years, 72.10% for HALE). However, HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted infections had negative effects on changes in LE (−0.03 years, −0.29%) and HALE (−0.05 years, −0.57%). Lung cancer and ischemic heart disease caused the biggest reduction in LE (−0.14 years, −1.33%) and HALE (−0.42 years, −4.82%). Also, cardiovascular diseases (−0.08 years, −0.92%), neurological disorders (−0.08 years, −0.92%), diabetes and kidney diseases (−0.06 years, −0.69%), and transport injuries (−0.06 years, −0.69%) had main negative disability effects in HALE. Moreover, life expectancy lived with disability (LED) increased by 1.78 years, mainly attributed to respiratory infections and tuberculosis (1.04 years, 58.43%) and maternal and neonatal disorders (0.78 years, 43.82%). Conclusion The LE and HALE in China have grown rapidly over the past few decades, mainly attributed to NCDs. It is necessary to further reduce the negative mortality effect of HIV/AIDS, lung cancer, colon and rectum cancer, pancreatic cancer, and ischemic heart disease and the negative disability effect of stroke, diabetes mellitus, and road injuries. In addition, the signs of disparities in mortality and disability of different sexes and ages call for targeted and precise interventions for key groups such as males and the elderly. According to the decomposition results, we may better determine the key objects of health policies that take into account substantial cause-specific variations to facilitate the realization of “healthy China 2030” plan.
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Chen WT, Shiu C, Zhang L, Zhao H. Care engagement with healthcare providers and symptom management self-efficacy in women living with HIV in China: secondary analysis of an intervention study. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1195. [PMID: 35705934 PMCID: PMC9199138 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13573-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Symptom management self-efficacy is a prerequisite for individuals to fully manage their symptoms. The literature reports associations between engagement with healthcare providers (HCPs), internalized stigma, and types of self-efficacy other than symptom management. However, the factors of symptom management self-efficacy are not well understood. This study aimed to investigate the relationship among engagement with HCPs, internalized stigma, and HIV symptom management self-efficacy in Chinese women living with HIV (WLWH). Methods This current analysis was part of the original randomized control trial, we used data collected from 41 women living with HIV (WLWH) assigned to an intervention arm or a control arm from Shanghai and Beijing, China, at baseline, Week 4 and Week 12. The CONSORT checklist was used. The study was registered in the Clinical Trial Registry (#NCT03049332) on 10/02/2017. Results The results demonstrate that HCPs should increase engagement with WLWH when providing care, thereby improving their symptom management self-efficacy. The results suggested that participants’ engagement with HCPs was significantly positively correlated with their HIV symptom management self-efficacy in the latter two time points. Internalized stigma was significantly negatively correlated with HIV symptom management self-efficacy only at the 4-week follow-up. Conclusions This study demonstrated the positive effect of engagement with HCPs on WLWHs’ symptom management self-efficacy as well as the negative effect of internalized stigma on symptom management self-efficacy. Future research can further test the relationship between the three key concepts, as well as explore interventions to decrease internalized stigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ti Chen
- School of Nursing, University of California Los Angeles, 700 Tiverton Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Chengshi Shiu
- School of Nursing, University of California Los Angeles, 700 Tiverton Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lin Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China.
| | - Hongxin Zhao
- Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, China.
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10
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Ma Y, Cui Y, Hu Q, Mubarik S, Yang D, Jiang Y, Yao Y, Yu C. Long-Term Changes of HIV/AIDS Incidence Rate in China and the U.S. Population From 1994 to 2019: A Join-Point and Age-Period-Cohort Analysis. Front Public Health 2021; 9:652868. [PMID: 34869132 PMCID: PMC8634360 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.652868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although HIV caused one of the worst epidemics since the late twentieth century, China and the U.S. has made substantial progress to control the spread of HIV/AIDS. However, the trends of HIV/AIDS incidence remain unclear in both countries. Therefore, this study aimed to highlight the long-term trends of HIV/AIDS incidence by gender in China and the U.S. population. The data were retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database since it would be helpful to assess the impact/role of designed policies in the control of HIV/AIDS incidence in both countries. The age-period-cohort (APC) model and join-point regression analysis were employed to estimate the age-period-cohort effect and the average annual percentage change (AAPC) on HIV incidence. Between 1994 and 2019, we observed an oscillating trend of the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) in China and an increasing ASIR trend in the U.S. Despite the period effect in China declined for both genders after peaked in 2004, the age effect in China grew among the young (from 15–19 to 25–29) and the old age groups (from 65–69 to 75–79). Similarly, the cohort effect increased among those born in the early (from 1924–1928 to 1934–1938) and the latest birth groups (from 1979–1983 to 2004–2009). In the case of the U.S., the age effect declined after it peaked in the 25–29 age group. People born in recent birth groups had a higher cohort effect than those born in early groups. In both countries, women were less infected by HIV than men. Therefore, besides effective strategies and awareness essential to protect the young age groups from HIV risk factors, the Chinese government should pay attention to the elderly who lacked family support and were exposed to HIV risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudiyang Ma
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiran Cui
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Hu
- Department of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sumaira Mubarik
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Donghui Yang
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Jiang
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yifan Yao
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuanhua Yu
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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11
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He N. Research Progress in the Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS in China. China CDC Wkly 2021; 3:1022-1030. [PMID: 34888119 PMCID: PMC8633551 DOI: 10.46234/ccdcw2021.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
After thirty-two years since the first domestic outbreak of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/ acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) among injection drug users (IDUs) and almost two decades of comprehensive response efforts by the Chinese government, HIV/AIDS remains a major public health problem. The increasing burden of HIV/AIDS and comorbidities, the emergence of new HIV subtypes and/or circulating recombinant forms and drug mutations, the changing transmission networks, and the urgency of immediate antiretroviral therapy initiation upon an HIV diagnosis are increasingly challenging and altogether likely to have significant impact on the HIV epidemic in China. Upon the call for the global AIDS response to end AIDS by 2030, China needs to develop an innovative and pragmatic roadmap to address these challenges. This review is intended to provide a succinct overview of what China has done in efforts to achieve the global goal of ending AIDS by 2030 and the recently proposed "95-95-95-95" target (95% combination prevention, 95% detection, 95% treatment, 95% viral suppression), and to summarize the most recent progresses in the epidemiological research of HIV/AIDS in China with the aim of providing insights on the next generation of HIV control and prevention approaches and to shed light on upgrading the national strategy to end AIDS in this country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na He
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, and The Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education; Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity; and Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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12
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Xu X, Zhang QY, Chu XY, Quan Y, Lv BM, Zhang HY. Facilitating Antiviral Drug Discovery Using Genetic and Evolutionary Knowledge. Viruses 2021; 13:v13112117. [PMID: 34834924 PMCID: PMC8626054 DOI: 10.3390/v13112117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the course of human history, billions of people worldwide have been infected by various viruses. Despite rapid progress in the development of biomedical techniques, it is still a significant challenge to find promising new antiviral targets and drugs. In the past, antiviral drugs mainly targeted viral proteins when they were used as part of treatment strategies. Since the virus mutation rate is much faster than that of the host, such drugs feature drug resistance and narrow-spectrum antiviral problems. Therefore, the targeting of host molecules has gradually become an important area of research for the development of antiviral drugs. In recent years, rapid advances in high-throughput sequencing techniques have enabled numerous genetic studies (such as genome-wide association studies (GWAS), clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) screening, etc.) for human diseases, providing valuable genetic and evolutionary resources. Furthermore, it has been revealed that successful drug targets exhibit similar genetic and evolutionary features, which are of great value in identifying promising drug targets and discovering new drugs. Considering these developments, in this article the authors propose a host-targeted antiviral drug discovery strategy based on knowledge of genetics and evolution. We first comprehensively summarized the genetic, subcellular location, and evolutionary features of the human genes that have been successfully used as antiviral targets. Next, the summarized features were used to screen novel druggable antiviral targets and to find potential antiviral drugs, in an attempt to promote the discovery of new antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qing-Ye Zhang
- Correspondence: (Q.-Y.Z.); (H.-Y.Z.); Tel.: +86-27-8728-0877 (H.-Y.Z.)
| | | | | | | | - Hong-Yu Zhang
- Correspondence: (Q.-Y.Z.); (H.-Y.Z.); Tel.: +86-27-8728-0877 (H.-Y.Z.)
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13
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Liu Y, Ji W, Yin Y, Yang Z, Yang S, Zhou C, Cai Y, Wang K, Peng Z, He D. An analysis on the trend of AIDS/HIV incidence in Chongqing and Shenzhen, China from 2005-2015 based on Age-Period-Cohort model. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2021; 18:6961-6977. [PMID: 34517566 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2021346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This paper elucidates that the AIDS/HIV incidence rate differences exist among different population and regions, especially among the old and college students. Due to the effect of age, the AIDS incidence peak in males aged 20-35 years and 50 years old both in Chongqing and Shenzhen, and the incidence rate and increasing spread in males was higher than that of females under period effect. In the local population in Chongqing and Shenzhen, the incidence rate of males in over 40, below and in the whole age groups are predicted to increase sharply in the future six years, while in females, the incidence rates among over 40-year-old and the whole age groups were predicted to increase as well. The incidence rate among homosexually transmitted patients reaches the peak in the 20-35, the incidence rate of patients transmitted through heterosexual reaches the peak around 50-year-old. Under the effect of period, AIDS/HIV incidence rate of patients transmitted through sexual routes showed an upward trend both in Chongqing and Shenzhen. The incidence rate of patients aged between 41 and 70 years old presents with an upward trend in the future six years. The results show great differences exist in the AIDS/HIV incidence between males and females, therefore it is necessary to take specific measures respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China
| | - Weidong Ji
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yi Yin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Zhengrong Yang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shu Yang
- Chengdu university of traditional Chinese medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Chongqing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Yongli Cai
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China
| | - Kai Wang
- College of Medical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Zhihang Peng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Daihai He
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
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14
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Lu Z, Ji W, Yin Y, Jin X, Wang L, Li Z, Wang N, Wang K, Peng Z. Analysis on the trend of AIDS incidence in Zhejiang, China based on the age-period-cohort model (2004-2018). BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1077. [PMID: 34090398 PMCID: PMC8180133 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11050-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To predict the trend of AIDS in specific age groups and to determine the objective population for AIDS screening, this study explored the three transmission routes and characterized each patient group using the APC model based on the whole, local, and immigrant populations in Zhejiang, China. Methods The data recruited in this paper was obtained from the national Comprehensive AIDS Prevention and Control Information System - Antiviral Therapy Management database and the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System and the Statistical Yearbook of Zhejiang, China. An APC model was used to estimate the impact of age, period, and cohort on the incidence of AIDS, as well as to predict the AIDS incidence in specific age groups based on different sexes with different transmission routes. Results The AIDS incidence peaked in males aged 20–35 years; the incidence of males was higher than that of females due to the impact of period; obvious cohort effect was observed among the immigrants. In the whole and local populations, the incidences of males in all age groups and females in both the 35-year-old group and the whole age group were predicted to increase sharply in 5 years. In the immigrant population, the AIDS incidences in both sexes in all age groups were expected to increase significantly in 5 years. Under the influence of period, the incidence of AIDS via homosexual transmission in the whole population and the local population increased and remained stable after 2015. At the same time, the incidence of AIDS transmitted by homosexual and heterosexual routes in the immigrants also showed an increasing trend. Conclusions The results elucidate that there are sex differences in AIDS incidence, and the incidence of AIDS through various transmission routes in all groups is predicted to exhibit an upward trend in the 5 years to come. Effective intervention strategies should be developed and implemented by the public health departments in Zhejiang to control the epidemic of AIDS. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-11050-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weidong Ji
- College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Yi Yin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinye Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lu Wang
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongjie Li
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Wang
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Medical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China.
| | - Zhihang Peng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China.
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15
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Liu XJ, McGoogan JM, Wu ZY. Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome prevalence, incidence, and mortality in China, 1990 to 2017: a secondary analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 data. Chin Med J (Engl) 2021; 134:1175-1180. [PMID: 33883410 PMCID: PMC8143770 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000001447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite almost two decades of well-funded and comprehensive response efforts by the Chinese Government, human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) remains a major problem in China. Yet, few studies have recently examined long-term trends in HIV/AIDS prevalence, incidence, and mortality at the national level. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, incidence, and mortality trends for HIV/AIDS over the past 28 years in China. METHODS We conducted a descriptive, epidemiological, secondary analysis of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 data. To evaluate trends in prevalence, incidence, and mortality over the study period from 1990 to 2017, we calculated values for annual percentage change (APC) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using joinpoint regression analysis. RESULTS A significant increase in HIV/AIDS prevalence was observed for 1990 to 2009 (APC: 10.7; 95% CI: 10.4, 11.0; P < 0.001), and then remained stable for 2009 to 2017 (APC: 0.7; 95% CI: -0.3, 1.7; P = 0.1). A significant increase in HIV incidence was also observed for 1990 to 2005 (APC: 13.0; 95% CI: 12.6, 13.4; P < 0.001), and then a significant decrease was detected for 2005 to 2017 (APC: -6.5; 95% CI: -7.0, -6.1; P < 0.001). A significant increase in AIDS-related mortality rate was detected for 1990 to 2004 (APC: 10.3; 95% CI: 9.3, 11.3; P < 0.001), followed by a period of stability for 2004 to 2013 (APC: 1.3; 95% CI: -0.7, 3.3; P = 0.2), and then another significant increase for 2013 to 2017 (APC: 15.3; 95% CI: 8.7, 22.2; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Although prevalence has stabilized and incidence has declined, AIDS-related mortality has risen sharply in recent years. These findings suggest more must be done to bring people into treatment earlier, retain them in treatment more effectively, actively seek to reenter them in treatment if they dropout, and improve the quality of treatment and care regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Jiao Liu
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jennifer M. McGoogan
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zun-You Wu
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
- Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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16
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Yumo H, Nsame D, Kuwoh P, Njabon M, Sieleunou I, Ndenkeh J, Tene G, Memiah P, Kuaban C, Beissner M. Implementation of blanket provider-initiated testing and counselling: Predictors of HIV seropositivity among infants, children and adolescents in Cameroon. PUBLIC HEALTH IN PRACTICE 2020; 1:100025. [PMID: 36101680 PMCID: PMC9461293 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2020.100025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Study design Methods Results Conclusions Methods to increase the yield of PITC remain unclear. HIV seropositivity predictors could improve PITC yield. Identifying HIV seropositivity predictors among children and adolescents. Targeted HIV testing to improve PITC yield in HIV high burden countries. HIV seropositivity predictors could reduce gap in pediatric and adolescent ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- H.A. Yumo
- Research for Development International (R4D International), Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Center for International Health (CIH), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- Corresponding author. R4D International, Opposite Fokou Mendong, PO.BoX: 30883, Yaounde, Cameroon.
| | - D.N. Nsame
- Abong-Mbang District Hospital, Abong-Mbang, Cameroon
- Limbe Regional Hospital, Limbe, Cameroon
| | - P.B. Kuwoh
- Limbe Regional Hospital, Limbe, Cameroon
| | | | - I. Sieleunou
- Research for Development International (R4D International), Yaoundé, Cameroon
- School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - J.J.N. Ndenkeh
- Research for Development International (R4D International), Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Center for International Health (CIH), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - G. Tene
- Research for Development International (R4D International), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - P. Memiah
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - C. Kuaban
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bamenda, Bamenda, Cameroon
| | - M. Beissner
- Center for International Health (CIH), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
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17
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Gao D, Zou Z, Zhang W, Chen T, Cui W, Ma Y. Age-Period-Cohort Analysis of HIV Mortality in China: Data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7065. [PMID: 32341364 PMCID: PMC7184615 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63141-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term trends of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) mortality in China and its associations with age, period and birth cohort. We used HIV mortality data obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2016 and analysed the data with an age-period-cohort framework. Age effects indicate different risks of different outcomes at specific periods in life; period effects reflect population- wide exposure at a circumscribed point in time; and cohort effects generally reflect differences in risk across birth cohorts.Our results showed that the overall annual percentage change (net drift) of HIV mortality was 11.3% (95% CI: 11.0% to 11.6%) for males and 7.2% (95% CI: 7.0% to 7.5%) for females, and the annual percentage changes in each age group (local drift) were greater than 5% (p < 0.01 for all) in both sexes. In the same birth cohort, the risk of death from HIV increased with age in both sexes after controlling for period effects, and the risk for each five-year period was 1.98 for males and 1.57 for females compared to their previous life stage. Compared to the period of 2002–2006, the relative risk (RR) of HIV mortality in 2012–2016 increased by 56.1% in males and 3.7% in females, and compared to the 1955–1959 birth cohort, the cohort RRs increased markedly, by 82.9 times in males and 34.8 times in females. Considering the rapidly increasing risk of HIV mortality, Chinese policymakers should take immediate measures to target the key age group of 15–44 years in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Disi Gao
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyong Zou
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Tianqi Chen
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxin Cui
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yinghua Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
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18
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This study aims to review the history of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection epidemic in China. RECENT FINDINGS The HIV infection epidemic in China has evolved significantly over the past 35 years, from initially exclusively within people who inject drugs (PWID), to outbreaks due to plasma collection contamination in the mid-1990s, to now almost exclusive transmission via sexual contact. The number of newly-diagnosed cases and the number HIV-related deaths have increased each year since 2004, coinciding with a massive scale-up of both HIV testing and antiretroviral therapy initiation. The proportion of cases diagnosed later in their disease progression has remained constant. The initial outbreaks of HIV across China were identified quickly and the overall trends have been monitored. While the HIV epidemic among PWID has been well managed, the growing HIV epidemic via sexual contact has grown more complex and even more difficult to control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunyou Wu
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China.
- University of California, California, Los Angeles, USA.
| | - Junfang Chen
- Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sarah Robbins Scott
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Jennifer M McGoogan
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
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