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Shajan B, Marri S, Bastiampillai T, Gregory KJ, Hellyer SD, Nair PC. Trace amine associated receptor 1: predicted effects of single nucleotide variants on structure-function in geographically diverse populations. Hum Genomics 2024; 18:61. [PMID: 38863077 PMCID: PMC11165750 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-024-00620-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Trace Amine Associated Receptor 1 (TAAR1) is a novel pharmaceutical target under investigation for the treatment of several neuropsychiatric conditions. TAAR1 single nucleotide variants (SNV) have been found in patients with schizophrenia and metabolic disorders. However, the frequency of variants in geographically diverse populations and the functional effects of such variants are unknown. In this study, we aimed to characterise the distribution of TAAR1 SNVs in five different WHO regions using the Database of Genotypes and Phenotypes (dbGaP) and conducted a critical computational analysis using available TAAR1 structural data to identify SNVs affecting ligand binding and/or functional regions. Our analysis shows 19 orthosteric, 9 signalling and 16 micro-switch SNVs hypothesised to critically influence the agonist induced TAAR1 activation. These SNVs may non-proportionally influence populations from discrete regions and differentially influence the activity of TAAR1-targeting therapeutics in genetically and geographically diverse populations. Notably, our dataset presented with orthosteric SNVs D1033.32N (found only in the South-East Asian Region and Western Pacific Region) and T1945.42A (found only in South-East Asian Region), and 2 signalling SNVs (V1253.54A/T2526.36A, found in African Region and commonly, respectively), all of which have previously demonstrated to influence ligand induced functions of TAAR1. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis using SIFT4G, MutationTaster 2, PROVEAN and MutationAssessor predicted all 16 micro-switch SNVs are damaging and may further influence the agonist activation of TAAR1, thereby possibly impacting upon clinical outcomes. Understanding the genetic basis of TAAR1 function and the impact of common mutations within clinical populations is important for the safe and effective utilisation of novel and existing pharmacotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britto Shajan
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Shashikanth Marri
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI) College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Tarun Bastiampillai
- Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Discipline of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Karen J Gregory
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Shane D Hellyer
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Pramod C Nair
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI) College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
- Discipline of Medicine, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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2
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Yang L, Yang W, Tang F, Yuan K, Zhang J, Liu J. Hereditary and cortical morphological biomarker of sensitivity to reward in short-term withdrawal methamphetamine abusers. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae169. [PMID: 38679482 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Higher sensitivity to reward (SR) and weaker sensitivity to punishment (SP) construct the fundamental craving characteristics of methamphetamine abuse. However, few studies have appraised relationships between SR/SP (SR or SP) and cortical morphological alterations in methamphetamine abusers and whether hereditary factors take effects on SR/SP is unclear. Based on surface-based morphometric analysis, cortical discrepancy was investigated between 38 methamphetamine abusers and 37 healthy controls. Within methamphetamine abusers, correlation profiling was performed to discover associations among aberrant neuroimaging substrates, SR, SP, and craving. According to nine single nucleotide polymorphism sites of dopamine-related genes, we conducted univariate general linear model to find different effects of genotypes on cortical alterations and SR/SP/craving (SR, SP, or craving). Ultimately, mediation analyses were conducted among single nucleotide polymorphism sites, SR/SP/craving, and cortical morphological alterations to discover their association pathways. Compared to healthy controls, thinner cortices in inferior temporal gyrus, lateral orbitofrontal cortex, medial orbitofrontal cortex, inferior parietal lobule, and lateral occipital cortex in the left hemisphere were found in methamphetamine abusers (P < 0.05, family-wise error corrected). Cortical thickness in the inferior temporal gyrus was negatively correlated with SR scores. We found that rs1800497 A-containing genotypes had lower cortical thickness in the left inferior parietal lobule than the GG genotype. The rs5751876 had effects on SR scores. This study would provide convincing biomarkers for SR in methamphetamine abusers and offer potential genetic targets for personalizing relapse prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longtao Yang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China
| | - Wenhan Yang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China
| | - Fei Tang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China
| | - Kai Yuan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, No. 266 Xinglong Section of Xifeng Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, PR China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Hunan Judicial Police Academy, No. 9 Broad Third Road, Changsha Economic and Technological Development Zone, Changsha, Hunan 410138, PR China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China
- Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging in Hunan Province, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China
- Department of Radiology Quality Control Center in Hunan Province, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China
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3
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Tang F, Yang L, Yang W, Li C, Zhang J, Liu J. The genetic susceptibility analysis of TAAR1 rs8192620 to methamphetamine and heroin abuse and its role in impulsivity. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024; 274:453-459. [PMID: 37145176 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01613-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal genetic polymorphism of trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) rs8192620 site has been confirmed to induce methamphetamine (MA) use and drug craving. However, the genetic susceptibility difference between MA addicts and heroin addicts is unknown. This study evaluated genetic heterogeneity of TAAR1 rs8192620 between MA and heroin addicts and elucidated whether rs8192620 genotypes associated with discrepancy in emotional impulsivity, which would help to instruct individualized treatment in addiction via acting on TAAR1 and evaluate risk of varied drug addiction. Participants consisting of gender-matched 63 MA and 71 heroin abusers were enrolled in the study. Due to mixed drug usage in some MA addicts, MA users were further subdivided into 41 only-MA (only MA taking) and 22 mixed-drug (Magu composed of about 20% MA and 70% caffeine) abusers. Via inter-individual single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis and two-sample t tests, respectively, the genotypic and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS-11) scores differences between groups were completed. With following genotypic stratification, the differences in BIS-11 scores between groups were analyzed through two-sample t test. Individual SNP analysis showed significant differences in alleles distribution of rs8192620 between MA and heroin subjects (p = 0.019), even after Bonferroni correction. The TT homozygotes of rs8192620 dominated in MA participants, while C-containing genotypes in heroin (p = 0.026). There was no association of genotypes of TAAR1 rs8192620 with addicts' impulsivity. Our research indicates that the TAAR1 gene polymorphism might mediate the susceptibility discrepancy between MA and heroin abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Tang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Longtao Yang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenhan Yang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Cong Li
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Hunan Judicial Police Academy, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging in Hunan Province, Changsha, China.
- Department of Radiology Quality Control Center in Hunan Province, Changsha, China.
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4
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Zhang M, Cairen Z, Liu X, Deng J, Mu X, Wang Y, Lu Z. Transcutaneous electric acupoint stimulation reduced consumption of profopol in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery: A randomized clinical trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e35730. [PMID: 38277549 PMCID: PMC10817147 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Propofol is a common regimen for general anesthesia maintenance. But propofol can dose-dependently generate cardiopulmonary depression. Thus, any strategy to reduce propofol dosage during laparoscopic surgery may have underlying beneficial effect for patient prognosis. Previous studies indicated both analgesic and sedative effect of acupoint stimulation. However, its main sedative effect on patients under general anesthesia remains unclear. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the sedative effect of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) on patients scheduled for laparoscopic surgery under general anesthesia. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTIONS In this randomized clinical trial, patients scheduled for laparoscopic surgery under general anesthesia in Xijing hospital were randomly assigned to 3 groups, receiving electrical stimulation at the Shenmen (HT7)/Ximen (PC4) (TEAS group), stimulation at the shoulder (non-acupoint group) or no stimulation (control group), respectively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES One hundred sixty-two patients completed the study. The primary outcome was the consumption of propofol, and secondary outcomes included features of recovery after surgery, major complications after surgery and by 1 year after surgery. RESULTS In patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery, the doses of propofol decreased significantly in the TEAS group compared (0.10 ± 0.02 mg·kg-1·min-1) with the other 2 groups (both 0.12 ± 0.02 mg·kg-1·min-1, P < .001). The mean differences (95% confidence interval) for non-acupoint versus TEAS and control versus TEAS were 0.021 (0.012, 0.030) and 0.024 (0.013, 0.034), respectively. Time to awake and to extubation were not significantly different among the groups. The incidences of major complications after surgery and by 1 year after surgery were not significantly different among the groups. CONCLUSION TEAS could induce additional sedative effect in patients during laparoscopic surgery and reduce propofol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjuan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Airforce Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhuoma Cairen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qinghai Provincial People’s Hospital, Xijing, Qinghai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Airforce Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiao Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Airforce Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Mu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Airforce Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qinghai Provincial People’s Hospital, Xijing, Qinghai, China
| | - Zhihong Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Airforce Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
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5
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Belcher AM, Rorabaugh BR. Maternal use of methamphetamine alters cardiovascular function in the adult offspring. Biochem Cell Biol 2023; 101:198-203. [PMID: 36763967 PMCID: PMC10563036 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2022-0349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine is one of the most commonly used illicit drugs during pregnancy. Most studies investigating the impact of maternal use of methamphetamine on children have focused on neurological outcomes. In contrast, cardiovascular outcomes in these children have not been characterized. Recent studies in rodents provide evidence that prenatal exposure to methamphetamine induces changes in cardiac gene expression, changes in the heart's susceptibility to ischemic injury, and changes in vascular function that may increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disorders later in life. Importantly, these changes are sex-dependent. This review summarizes our current understanding of how methamphetamine use during pregnancy impacts the cardiovascular function of adult offspring and highlights gaps in our knowledge of the potential cardiovascular risks associated with prenatal exposure to methamphetamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M. Belcher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Marshall University School of Pharmacy, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Boyd R. Rorabaugh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Marshall University School of Pharmacy, Huntington, WV, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marshall University School of Medicine, Huntingotn, WV, USA
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6
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Wu R, Liu J, Li JX. Trace amine-associated receptor 1 and drug abuse. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2022; 93:373-401. [PMID: 35341572 PMCID: PMC9826737 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) is the best characterized receptor selectively activated by trace amines. It is broadly expressed in the monoaminergic system in the brain including ventral tegmental area (VTA), nucleus accumbens (NAc), dorsal raphe (DR) and substantial nigra (SN). Extensive studies have suggested that TAAR1 plays an important role in the modulation of monoaminergic system, especially dopamine (DA) transmission which may underlie the mechanisms by which TAAR1 interventions affect drug abuse-like behaviors. TAAR1 activation inhibits the rewarding and reinforcing effects of drugs from different classes including psychostimulants, opioid and alcohol as well as drug-induced increase in DA accumulation. The mechanisms of TAAR1's function in mediating drug abuse-like behaviors are not clear. However, it is hypothesized that TAAR1 interaction with DA transporter (DAT) and dopamine D2 receptor (D2) and the subsequent modulation of cellular cascades may contribute to the effects of TAAR1 in regulating drug abuse. Further studies are needed to investigate the role of TAAR1 in other drugs of abuse-related behaviors and its safety and efficacy for prolonged medications. Together, TAAR1 inhibits drug-induced DA transmission and drug abuse-related behaviors. Therefore, TAAR1 may be a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of drug addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyan Wu
- Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, College of Liberal Arts, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Jun-Xu Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA,Corresponding authors: Dr. Jun-Xu Li, , Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 955 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14214. Tel: +1 716 829 2482; Fax: +1 716 829 2801
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7
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Kohno M, Dennis LE, McCready H, Hoffman WF. Dopamine dysfunction in stimulant use disorders: mechanistic comparisons and implications for treatment. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:220-229. [PMID: 34117366 PMCID: PMC8664889 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01180-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine system deficiencies and associated behavioral phenotypes may be a critical barrier to success in treating stimulant use disorders. Similarities in dopamine dysfunction between cocaine and methamphetamine use disorder but also key differences may impact treatment efficacy and outcome. This review will first compare the epidemiology of cocaine and methamphetamine use disorder. A detailed account of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties associated with each drug will then be discussed, with an emphasis on effects on the dopamine system and associated signaling pathways. Lastly, treatment results from pharmacological clinical trials will be summarized along with a more comprehensive review of the involvement of the trace amine-associated receptor on dopamine signaling dysfunction among stimulants and its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milky Kohno
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA. .,Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA. .,Research and Development Service, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA. .,Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University and Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Laura E. Dennis
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA,Research & Development Service, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Holly McCready
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA,Research & Development Service, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - William F. Hoffman
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA,Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA,Research & Development Service, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon, USA,Mental Health Division, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon, USA,Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University and Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon, USA
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8
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Potential of Ligands for Trace Amine-Associated Receptor 1 (TAAR1) in the Management of Substance Use Disorders. CNS Drugs 2021; 35:1239-1248. [PMID: 34766253 PMCID: PMC8787759 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-021-00871-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Trace amines, including β-phenylethylamine (β-PEA), p-tyramine (TYR), tryptamine (TRP), and p-octopamine (OCT), represent a group of amines expressed at low levels in the mammalian brain. Given the close structural similarities to traditional monoamines, links between trace amines and the monoaminergic system have long been suspected. Trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1), the most well characterized receptor in the TAAR family, has been shown to be potently activated by trace amines such as TYR and PEA. Further, catecholamine metabolites and amphetamine analogs are also potent agonists of TAAR1, implicating the receptor in mediating the monoaminergic system and in substance use disorders. In the central nervous system, TAAR1 is expressed in brain regions involved in dopaminergic, serotonergic, and glutamatergic transmission, and genetic animal models and electrophysiological studies have revealed that TAAR1 is a potent modulator of the monoaminergic system. Selective and potent engineered TAAR1 ligands, including full (RO5166017 and RO5256390) and partial (RO5203648, RO5263397 and RO5073012) agonists and the antagonist EPPTB (N-(3-ethoxyphenyl)-4-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl) benzamide, RO5212773), serve as invaluable tools for the investigation of TAAR1 functions and display significant potential for the development of TAAR1-based pharmacotherapies for the treatment of substance use disorders. Despite a number of advances that have been made, more clinical studies are warranted in order to test the potential and efficacy of TAAR1 ligands in the treatment of psychiatric disorders, including substance use disorders.
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9
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Huckans M, Boyd S, Moncrief G, Hantke N, Winters B, Shirley K, Sano E, McCready H, Dennis L, Kohno M, Hoffman W, Loftis JM. Cognition during active methamphetamine use versus remission. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2021; 43:599-610. [PMID: 34612792 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2021.1976734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether cognitive performance in adults with active methamphetamine use (MA-ACT) differs from cognitive performance in adults in remission from MA use disorder (MA-REM) and adults without a history of substance use disorder (CTLs). METHOD MA-ACT (n = 36), MA-REM (n = 48), and CTLs (n = 62) completed the Neuropsychological Assessment Battery (NAB). RESULTS The MA-ACT group did not perform significantly worse than CTLs on any NAB Index. The MA-REM group performed significantly (p < 0.050) worse than CTLs on the NAB Memory Index. The MA-ACT group performed significantly better than CTLs and the MA-REM group on the Executive Functions Index. CONCLUSIONS Some cognitive deficits are apparent during remission from MA use, but not during active use; this may result in clinical challenges for adults attempting to maintain recovery and continue with treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn Huckans
- Research & Development Service, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA.,Mental Health and Clinical Neurosciences Division, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, Or, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Methamphetamine Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Or, USA
| | - Stephen Boyd
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Or, USA
| | - Grant Moncrief
- Research & Development Service, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA.,Mental Health and Clinical Neurosciences Division, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, Or, USA.,Pacific University, School of Graduate Psychology, Hillsboro, OR, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Nathan Hantke
- Research & Development Service, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA.,Mental Health and Clinical Neurosciences Division, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, Or, USA.,Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Bethany Winters
- Research & Development Service, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Methamphetamine Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Or, USA
| | - Kate Shirley
- Research & Development Service, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Emily Sano
- Research & Development Service, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Holly McCready
- Research & Development Service, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Methamphetamine Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Or, USA.,Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Or, USA
| | - Laura Dennis
- Research & Development Service, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Methamphetamine Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Or, USA.,Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Or, USA
| | - Milky Kohno
- Research & Development Service, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA.,Methamphetamine Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Or, USA.,Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Or, USA
| | - William Hoffman
- Research & Development Service, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA.,Mental Health and Clinical Neurosciences Division, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, Or, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Methamphetamine Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Or, USA.,Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Or, USA
| | - Jennifer M Loftis
- Research & Development Service, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Methamphetamine Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Or, USA
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10
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Trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1): Potential application in mood disorders: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 131:192-210. [PMID: 34537265 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
There is a need for innovation with respect to therapeutics in psychiatry. Available evidence indicates that the trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) agonist SEP-363856 is promising, as it improves measures of cognitive and reward function in schizophrenia. Hedonic and cognitive impairments are transdiagnostic and constitute major burdens in mood disorders. Herein, we systematically review the behavioural and genetic literature documenting the role of TAAR1 in reward and cognitive function, and propose a mechanistic model of TAAR1's functions in the brain. Notably, TAAR1 activity confers antidepressant-like effects, enhances attention and response inhibition, and reduces compulsive reward seeking without impairing normal function. Further characterization of the responsible mechanisms suggests ion-homeostatic, metabolic, neurotrophic, and anti-inflammatory enhancements in the limbic system. Multiple lines of evidence establish the viability of TAAR1 as a biological target for the treatment of mood disorders. Furthermore, the evidence suggests a role for TAAR1 in reward and cognitive function, which is attributed to a cascade of events that are relevant to the cellular integrity and function of the central nervous system.
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11
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Phillips TJ, Roy T, Aldrich SJ, Baba H, Erk J, Mootz JRK, Reed C, Chesler EJ. Confirmation of a Causal Taar1 Allelic Variant in Addiction-Relevant Methamphetamine Behaviors. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:725839. [PMID: 34512422 PMCID: PMC8428522 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.725839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensitivity to rewarding and reinforcing drug effects has a critical role in initial use, but the role of initial aversive drug effects has received less attention. Methamphetamine effects on dopamine re-uptake and efflux are associated with its addiction potential. However, methamphetamine also serves as a substrate for the trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1). Growing evidence in animal models indicates that increasing TAAR1 function reduces drug self-administration and intake. We previously determined that a non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in Taar1 predicts a conformational change in the receptor that has functional consequences. A Taar1 m1J mutant allele existing in DBA/2J mice expresses a non-functional receptor. In comparison to mice that possess one or more copies of the reference Taar1 allele (Taar1 +/+ or Taar1 +/m1J ), mice with the Taar1 m1J/m1J genotype readily consume methamphetamine, express low sensitivity to aversive effects of methamphetamine, and lack sensitivity to acute methamphetamine-induced hypothermia. We used three sets of knock-in and control mice in which one Taar1 allele was exchanged with the alternative allele to determine if other methamphetamine-related traits and an opioid trait are impacted by the same Taar1 SNP proven to affect MA consumption and hypothermia. First, we measured sensitivity to conditioned rewarding and aversive effects of methamphetamine to determine if an impact of the Taar1 SNP on these traits could be proven. Next, we used multiple genetic backgrounds to study the consistency of Taar1 allelic effects on methamphetamine intake and hypothermia. Finally, we studied morphine-induced hypothermia to confirm prior data suggesting that a gene in linkage disequilibrium with Taar1, rather than Taar1, accounts for prior observed differences in sensitivity. We found that a single SNP exchange reduced sensitivity to methamphetamine conditioned reward and increased sensitivity to conditioned aversion. Profound differences in methamphetamine intake and hypothermia consistently corresponded with genotype at the SNP location, with only slight variation in magnitude across genetic backgrounds. Morphine-induced hypothermia was not dependent on Taar1 genotype. Thus, Taar1 genotype and TAAR1 function impact multiple methamphetamine-related effects that likely predict the potential for methamphetamine use. These data support further investigation of their potential roles in risk for methamphetamine addiction and therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara J Phillips
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience and Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States.,Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Tyler Roy
- The Jackson Laboratory and Center for Systems Neurogenetics of Addiction, Bar Harbor, ME, United States
| | - Sara J Aldrich
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience and Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Harue Baba
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience and Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Jason Erk
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience and Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - John R K Mootz
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience and Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Cheryl Reed
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience and Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Elissa J Chesler
- The Jackson Laboratory and Center for Systems Neurogenetics of Addiction, Bar Harbor, ME, United States
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12
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Guerin AA, Nestler EJ, Berk M, Lawrence AJ, Rossell SL, Kim JH. Genetics of methamphetamine use disorder: A systematic review and meta-analyses of gene association studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 120:48-74. [PMID: 33217458 PMCID: PMC7856253 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Genetic susceptibility to methamphetamine use disorder is poorly understood. No twin or adequately powered genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have been conducted. However, there are a large number of hypothesis-driven candidate gene association studies, which were systematically reviewed herein. Seventy-six studies were identified, investigating markers of 75 different genes. Allele frequencies, odds ratios, 95 % confidence intervals and power were calculated. Risk of bias was also assessed as a quality measure. Meta-analyses were conducted for gene markers if three or more studies were available. Eleven markers from adequately powered studies were significantly associated with methamphetamine use disorder, with Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase (FAAH) and Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) representing promising targets. Limitations of these studies include unclear rationale for candidate gene selection, low power and high risk of bias. Future research should include replications to enable more meta-analyses, well-powered GWASs or whole exome or genome sequencing, as well as twin and family studies to further complement the findings of this review to uncover genetic contributions toward methamphetamine use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre A Guerin
- Mental Health Theme, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia; Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Eric J Nestler
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Berk
- IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew J Lawrence
- Mental Health Theme, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia; Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Susan L Rossell
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jee Hyun Kim
- Mental Health Theme, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia; Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia; Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.
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13
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Cisneros IE, Ghorpade A, Borgmann K. Methamphetamine Activates Trace Amine Associated Receptor 1 to Regulate Astrocyte Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter-2 via Differential CREB Phosphorylation During HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders. Front Neurol 2020; 11:593146. [PMID: 33324330 PMCID: PMC7724046 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.593146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) use, referred to as methamphetamine use disorder (MUD), results in neurocognitive decline, a characteristic shared with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). MUD exacerbates HAND partly through glutamate dysregulation. Astrocyte excitatory amino acid transporter (EAAT)-2 is responsible for >90% of glutamate uptake from the synaptic environment and is significantly decreased with METH and HIV-1. Our previous work demonstrated astrocyte trace amine associated receptor (TAAR) 1 to be involved in EAAT-2 regulation. Astrocyte EAAT-2 is regulated at the transcriptional level by cAMP responsive element binding (CREB) protein and NF-κB, transcription factors activated by cAMP, calcium and IL-1β. Second messengers, cAMP and calcium, are triggered by TAAR1 activation, which is upregulated by IL-1β METH-mediated increases in these second messengers and signal transduction pathways have not been shown to directly decrease astrocyte EAAT-2. We propose CREB activation serves as a master regulator of EAAT-2 transcription, downstream of METH-induced TAAR1 activation. To investigate the temporal order of events culminating in CREB activation, genetically encoded calcium indicators, GCaMP6s, were used to visualize METH-induced calcium signaling in primary human astrocytes. RNA interference and pharmacological inhibitors targeting or blocking cAMP-dependent protein kinase A and calcium/calmodulin kinase II confirmed METH-induced regulation of EAAT-2 and resultant glutamate clearance. Furthermore, we investigated METH-mediated CREB phosphorylation at both serine 133 and 142, the co-activator and co-repressor forms, respectively. Overall, this work revealed METH-induced differential CREB phosphorylation is a critical regulator for EAAT-2 function and may thus serve as a mechanistic target for the attenuation of METH-induced excitotoxicity in the context of HAND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma E Cisneros
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Anuja Ghorpade
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Kathleen Borgmann
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
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14
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Dodd S, F Carvalho A, Puri BK, Maes M, Bortolasci CC, Morris G, Berk M. Trace Amine-Associated Receptor 1 (TAAR1): A new drug target for psychiatry? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 120:537-541. [PMID: 33031817 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
There are nine subfamilies of TAARs. They are predominantly intracellular, located in the central nervous system and peripherally. They have a role in homeostasis and rheostasis, and also in olfaction. They demonstrate significant cross-talk with the monoamine system and are involved in the regulation of cAMP signalling and K+ channels. There is evidence to suggest that TAAR1 may be a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of schizophrenia, psychosis in Parkinson's disease, substance use disorders, and the metabolic syndrome and obesity. TAAR1 expression may also be a prognostic biomarker for cancers. A number of TAAR modulators have been identified, including endogenous ligands and new chemical entities. Some of these agents have shown efficacy in animal models of addiction behaviours, depression and anxiety. Only one agent, SEP-363856, has progressed to randomised clinical trials in humans; however further, larger studies with SEP-363856 are required to clarify its suitability as a new treatment for schizophrenia spectrum disorders. SEP-363856 is an agonist of TAAR1 and 5HT1A and it is not clear to what extent its efficacy can be attributed to TAAR1 rather than to other drug targets. However, current research suggests that TAAR1 has an important role in human physiology and pathophysiology. TAAR1 modulators may become an important new drug class for the management of a wide array of mental disorders in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seetal Dodd
- The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; University Hospital Geelong, Barwon Health, PO Box 281, Geelong, Victoria, 3220, Australia.
| | - André F Carvalho
- The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Michael Maes
- The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Chiara C Bortolasci
- The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gerwyn Morris
- The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; University Hospital Geelong, Barwon Health, PO Box 281, Geelong, Victoria, 3220, Australia
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15
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Ruan QT, Yazdani N, Reed ER, Beierle JA, Peterson LP, Luttik KP, Szumlinski KK, Johnson WE, Ash PEA, Wolozin B, Bryant CD. 5' UTR variants in the quantitative trait gene Hnrnph1 support reduced 5' UTR usage and hnRNP H protein as a molecular mechanism underlying reduced methamphetamine sensitivity. FASEB J 2020; 34:9223-9244. [PMID: 32401417 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000092r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We previously identified a 210 kb region on chromosome 11 (50.37-50.58 Mb, mm10) containing two protein-coding genes (Hnrnph1, Rufy1) that was necessary for reduced methamphetamine-induced locomotor activity in C57BL/6J congenic mice harboring DBA/2J polymorphisms. Gene editing of a small deletion in the first coding exon supported Hnrnph1 as a quantitative trait gene. We have since shown that Hnrnph1 mutants also exhibit reduced methamphetamine-induced reward, reinforcement, and dopamine release. However, the quantitative trait variants (QTVs) that modulate Hnrnph1 function at the molecular level are not known. Nine single nucleotide polymorphisms and seven indels distinguish C57BL/6J from DBA/2J within Hnrnph1, including four variants within the 5' untranslated region (UTR). Here, we show that a 114 kb introgressed region containing Hnrnph1 and Rufy1 was sufficient to cause a decrease in MA-induced locomotor activity. Gene-level transcriptome analysis of striatal tissue from 114 kb congenics vs Hnrnph1 mutants identified a nearly perfect correlation of fold-change in expression for those differentially expressed genes that were common to both mouse lines, indicating functionally similar effects on the transcriptome and behavior. Exon-level analysis (including noncoding exons) revealed decreased 5' UTR usage of Hnrnph1 and immunoblot analysis identified a corresponding decrease in hnRNP H protein in 114 kb congenic mice. Molecular cloning of the Hnrnph1 5' UTR containing all four variants (but none of them individually) upstream of a reporter induced a decrease in reporter signal in both HEK293 and N2a cells, thus, identifying a set of QTVs underlying molecular regulation of Hnrnph1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu T Ruan
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Biomolecular Pharmacology Training Program, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Transformative Training Program in Addiction Science, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Neema Yazdani
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Biomolecular Pharmacology Training Program, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Transformative Training Program in Addiction Science, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric R Reed
- Ph.D. Program in Bioinformatics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jacob A Beierle
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Biomolecular Pharmacology Training Program, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Transformative Training Program in Addiction Science, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lucy P Peterson
- Biomolecular Pharmacology Training Program, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kimberly P Luttik
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karen K Szumlinski
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - William E Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter E A Ash
- Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin Wolozin
- Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Camron D Bryant
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Biomolecular Pharmacology Training Program, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Transformative Training Program in Addiction Science, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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