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Sodagari HR, Agrawal I, Sohail MN, Yudhanto S, Varga C. Monitoring antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter isolates of chickens and turkeys at the slaughter establishment level across the United States, 2013-2021. Epidemiol Infect 2024; 152:e41. [PMID: 38403893 PMCID: PMC10945939 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268824000359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Foodborne infections with antimicrobial-resistant Campylobacter spp. remain an important public health concern. Publicly available data collected by the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System for Enteric Bacteria related to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Campylobacter spp. isolated from broiler chickens and turkeys at the slaughterhouse level across the United States between 2013 and 2021 were analysed. A total of 1,899 chicken-origin (1,031 Campylobacter coli (C. coli) and 868 Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni)) and 798 turkey-origin (673 C. coli and 123 C. jejuni) isolates were assessed. Chicken isolates exhibited high resistance to tetracycline (43.65%), moderate resistance to ciprofloxacin (19.5%), and low resistance to clindamycin (4.32%) and azithromycin (3.84%). Turkey isolates exhibited very high resistance to tetracycline (69%) and high resistance to ciprofloxacin (39%). The probability of resistance to all tested antimicrobials, except for tetracycline, significantly decreased during the latter part of the study period. Turkey-origin Campylobacter isolates had higher odds of resistance to all antimicrobials than isolates from chickens. Compared to C. jejuni isolates, C. coli isolates had higher odds of resistance to all antimicrobials, except for ciprofloxacin. The study findings emphasize the need for poultry-type-specific strategies to address differences in AMR among Campylobacter isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid R. Sodagari
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Isha Agrawal
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Mohammad N. Sohail
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Setyo Yudhanto
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Csaba Varga
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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Kim SY, An D, Jeong H, Kim J. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns and Genetic Diversity of Campylobacter spp. Isolates from Patients with Diarrhea in South Korea. Microorganisms 2024; 12:94. [PMID: 38257921 PMCID: PMC10819060 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize the latest antimicrobial resistance patterns and genetic diversity of Campylobacter spp. isolated from patients with acute diarrhea in Korea. In total, 371 clinical isolates (361 Campylobacter jejuni and 10 Campylobacter coli) were collected from patients with diarrhea in 106 medical institutions of six provinces during the seasonal peak (April-September 2022) in South Korea. We then assessed their antimicrobial susceptibility to eight antimicrobial agents and performed multilocus sequence typing (MLST). This study investigated the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles to tetracycline (32.3%), nalidixic acid (64.9%), and ciprofloxacin (83.3%), confirming high levels of the latter even after its Korean ban in 2010. However, tetracycline resistance displayed a decreasing trend. Alternatively, significantly lower resistance rates to clindamycin (0.8%), azithromycin (0.53%), erythromycin (0.53%), and gentamicin (0.53%) as well as absolute susceptibility to florfenicol (0%) were observed. Four C. jejuni and three C. coli isolates (7/371, 1.88%) were classified as multidrug-resistant (MDR) to at least three antimicrobial classes. MLST identified a high genetic diversity with 21 clonal complexes (CCs) and sixty-six sequence types (STs), including eight novel STs. The high CC frequency of C. jejuni comprised CC21 (37.7%), CC22 (13.8%), and CC206 (9.4%), while C. coli was predominated by CC828 (90%). The high CC21 and CC828 strain prevalence in this study was consistent with their worldwide distribution. This study highlights that quinolone- and tetracycline-resistant Campylobacter circulate in Korea with diverse genotypes, providing important information that could contribute to controlling and preventing increasing antimicrobial resistance in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Yeon Kim
- Division of Zoonotic and Vector-Borne Disease Research, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea;
| | - Dongheui An
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seegene Medical Foundation, Seoul 04805, Republic of Korea; (D.A.); (H.J.)
| | - Hyemi Jeong
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seegene Medical Foundation, Seoul 04805, Republic of Korea; (D.A.); (H.J.)
| | - Jonghyun Kim
- Division of Zoonotic and Vector-Borne Disease Research, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea;
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Yanestria SM, Effendi MH, Tyasningsih W, Mariyono M, Ugbo EN. First report of phenotypic and genotypic (bla OXA-61) beta-lactam resistance in Campylobacter jejuni from broilers in Indonesia. Vet World 2023; 16:2210-2216. [PMID: 38152271 PMCID: PMC10750733 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.2210-2216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Campylobacter is a zoonotic bacterium that is a major source of foodborne diseases. In humans, most cases of campylobacteriosis are caused by Campylobacter jejuni. Poultry is the main reservoir of Campylobacter for humans, because Campylobacter is part of the normal flora of the digestive tract of poultry. Antimicrobial resistance to several antibiotics in Campylobacter isolated from humans and food animals has increased rapidly. Beta-lactam is an antibiotic with a high prevalence of resistance in Campylobacter. This study aimed to investigate phenotypic and genotypic (blaOXA-61) beta-lactam resistance in C. jejuni from broilers in Indonesia. Materials and Methods A total of 100 samples of broiler intestinal contents were obtained from 10 broiler farms in Pasuruan Regency, Indonesia. Campylobacter jejuni was identified using conventional and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods. Phenotypic detection of beta-lactam resistance was performed using an antimicrobial susceptibility test with antibiotic disks of aztreonam, ampicillin, and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. Genotypic detection by PCR was performed using the blaOXA-61 gene, which encodes beta-lactamase. Results Campylobacter jejuni was identified in 23% of the samples. Phenotypically, 100% (23/23) and 73.9% (17/23) C. jejuni isolates had high resistance to aztreonam and ampicillin, respectively, but all isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. Genotypically, all isolates carried blaOXA-61, indicated by the presence of a 372-bp PCR product. Conclusion Campylobacter jejuni is highly resistant to beta-lactams and is a serious threat to human health. Resistance to beta-lactams should be monitored because beta-lactamase genes can be transferred between bacteria. Public awareness must also be increased on the importance of using antibiotics rationally in humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Marty Yanestria
- Doctoral Program in Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga. Jl. Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno, Kampus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Mustofa Helmi Effendi
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno, Kampus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Wiwiek Tyasningsih
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno, Kampus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Mariyono Mariyono
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Balai Besar Veteriner Wates, Jl. Yogyakarta-Wates No. Km. 27, Wates, Yogyakarta 55651, Central Java, Indonesia
| | - Emmanuel Nnabuike Ugbo
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ebonyi State University, Enugu - Abakaliki Rd, 481101, Abakaliki, Ebonyi, Nigeria
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Shrestha RD, Agunos A, Gow SP, Varga C. Assessing antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli and its association with antimicrobial use in Canadian turkey flocks. Epidemiol Infect 2023; 151:e152. [PMID: 37667888 PMCID: PMC10548540 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268823001462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Turkeys are important sources of antimicrobial-resistant Campylobacter. A total of 1063 isolates were obtained from 293 turkey flocks across Canada between 2016 and 2021 to evaluate their antimicrobial resistance (AMR) prevalence, patterns, distribution, and association with antimicrobial use (AMU). A high proportion of C. jejuni and C. coli isolates were resistant to tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones, despite the very low use of these drugs. C. jejuni isolates had a higher probability of being resistant to tetracyclines than C. coli isolates. The chance of C. jejuni isolates being resistant to fluoroquinolones, macrolides, and lincosamides was lower compared to C. coli. Isolates from the western region had a higher probability of being resistant to fluoroquinolones than isolates from Ontario. Isolates from Ontario had higher odds of being resistant to tetracyclines than isolates from Quebec. No associations were noted between the resistance and use of the same antimicrobial, but the use of certain antimicrobial classes may have played a role in the maintenance of resistance in Campylobacter (fluoroquinolone resistance - bacitracin and streptogramin use, tetracycline resistance - flavophospholipids and streptogramins use, macrolide resistance - flavophospholipid use). Low-level multidrug-resistant Campylobacter was observed indicating a stable AMR in turkeys. This study provided insights aiding future AMU and AMR surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima D. Shrestha
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Agnes Agunos
- Foodborne Disease and Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Division, Center for Foodborne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Sheryl P. Gow
- Center for Foodborne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Csaba Varga
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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Fonseca M, Heider LC, Stryhn H, McClure JT, Léger D, Rizzo D, Warder L, Dufour S, Roy JP, Kelton DF, Renaud D, Barkema HW, Sanchez J. Antimicrobial use and its association with the isolation of and antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter spp. recovered from fecal samples from Canadian dairy herds: A cross-sectional study. Prev Vet Med 2023; 215:105925. [PMID: 37104967 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2023.105925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Campylobacteriosis is one of the most common zoonotic diseases in North America. As opposed to humans, animal infections caused by Campylobacter spp. are often asymptomatic. In this study, data collected through the Canadian Dairy Network for Antimicrobial Stewardship surveillance system were used to determine the proportion of Campylobacter spp. and antimicrobial resistant isolates recovered from dairy cattle herds. Additionally, the association of antimicrobial use (AMU) with fecal carriage and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of Campylobacter spp. were investigated. Pooled fecal samples from 5 animals from each production phase (pre-weaned calves, post-weaned heifers, lactating cows), and a manure storage sample were collected from 140 dairy herds across Canada. Samples were cultured using selective media, and Campylobacter isolates were speciated using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. Antimicrobial susceptibilities were determined using the minimum inhibitory concentration test, and interpretation was made according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Two multilevel logistic regression models were used to investigate the association between the AMU with the isolation and antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter spp. Of 560 samples, 63.8% were positive for Campylobacter spp., and 96% of the participating farms had at least one sample source (i.e., calves, heifers, lactating cows, or manure storage) positive for Campylobacter spp. Overall, 54.3% of the Campylobacter spp. isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial. Resistance to tetracycline was observed in 49.7% of the Campylobacter spp. isolates, followed by ciprofloxacin (19.9%) and nalidixic acid (19.3%). The proportion of multi-drug resistant (≥3 antimicrobial classes) Campylobacter spp. isolates was low (0.3%); however, 15.6% were resistant to two different classes of antimicrobials. Samples collected from lactating cows, heifers, and manure storage were more likely to be positive for Campylobacter spp. compared to calves. Total AMU was associated with a decreased probability of recovering Campylobacter spp. In addition, AMR to either tetracycline or ciprofloxacin had an interaction with antimicrobial use. The probability of resistance to tetracycline increased for each unit increase in the total AMU (Defined Course Dose/100 animal-years), while the probability of resistance to ciprofloxacin decreased. Campylobacter coli isolates were more likely to be resistant to ciprofloxacin and tetracycline when compared to C. jejuni. Our study demonstrated that Campylobacter spp. is widespread among Canadian dairy farms, and a higher proportion of resistance to tetracycline was identified. The total AMU was associated with increased resistance to tetracycline in Campylobacter spp. isolates; however, for ciprofloxacin the AMU was associated with decreased resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Fonseca
- Department of Health Management, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada.
| | - Luke C Heider
- Department of Health Management, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Henrik Stryhn
- Department of Health Management, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - J Trenton McClure
- Department of Health Management, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - David Léger
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Center for Foodborne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Daniella Rizzo
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Center for Foodborne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Landon Warder
- Department of Health Management, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Simon Dufour
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Roy
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - David F Kelton
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - David Renaud
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - Javier Sanchez
- Department of Health Management, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
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Borovikov S, Tursunov K, Syzdykova A, Begenova A, Zhakhina A. Expression of recombinant Omp18 and MOMP of Campylobacter jejuni and the determination of their suitability as antigens for serological diagnosis of campylobacteriosis in animals. Vet World 2023; 16:222-228. [PMID: 36855354 PMCID: PMC9967712 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.222-228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Campylobacteriosis causes gastrointestinal tract lesions in adults and children and may result in severe complications. The primary sources of infection are infected animals and animal products. Immunochemical methods effectively diagnose intestinal infections but require highly specific antigens to detect their antibodies. This study aimed to obtain two recombinant immunogenic antigens of Campylobacter jejuni, an outer membrane protein with a molecular weight of 18 kDa (Omp18) and the major outer membrane protein (MOMP) with a molecular weight of 45 kDa, and evaluate their suitability for the serological diagnosis of campylobacteriosis using immunochromatographic assay (ICA). Materials and Methods The C. jejuni Omp18 and MOMP gene sequences were synthesized de novo (Macrogen, Korea) and cloned into the pET32 expression plasmid. Using these genetic constructs, electrocompetent cells of the Escherichia coli BL21 strain were transformed and cultured under various conditions. Antigens were purified and refolded using metal affinity chromatography. The properties of the purified proteins were studied by western blotting, liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results We developed two recombinant E. coli BL21 cells producing rOmp18 and Recombinant MOMP (rMOMP) antigens with molecular weights of 36 and 64 kDa, respectively. Amino acid sequence analysis of the obtained antigens showed complete homology with the reference sequences in the PubMed NCBI database. Western blotting using positive-control sera demonstrated the specificity of the recombinant antigens. The results of ELISA with 94 bovine sera showed the interaction of recombinant antigens with specific antibodies. Conclusion The obtained rOmp18 and rMOMP antigens can detect antibodies in the serum of infected or recovered animals and can be used to develop ICA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Borovikov
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry Technology, S. Seifullin Kazakh Agro Technical University, 010000, Astana, Kazakhstan,Corresponding author: Sergey Borovikov, e-mail: Co-authors: KT: , AS: , AB: , AZ:
| | - Kanat Tursunov
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry and Immunobiotechnology, National Center for Biotechnology, 010000, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Alfiya Syzdykova
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry Technology, S. Seifullin Kazakh Agro Technical University, 010000, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Ainagul Begenova
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry Technology, S. Seifullin Kazakh Agro Technical University, 010000, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Alfira Zhakhina
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry Technology, S. Seifullin Kazakh Agro Technical University, 010000, Astana, Kazakhstan
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Tsiklauri R, Gabashvili E, Kobakhidze S, Tabatadze L, Bobokhidze E, Dadiani K, Koulouris S, Kotetishvili M. In-silico analyses provide strong statistical evidence for intra-species recombination events of the gyrA and CmeABC operon loci contributing to the continued emergence of resistance to fluoroquinolones in natural populations of Campylobacter jejuni. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2022; 31:22-31. [PMID: 35985623 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2022.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The continued emergence of Campylobacter jejuni strains resistant to fluoroquinolones (FQs) has posed a significant threat to global public health, leading frequently to undesirable outcomes of human campylobacteriosis treatment. The molecular genetic mechanisms contributing to the increased retention of resistance to FQs in natural populations of this species, especially in antibiotic-free environments, are not clearly understood. This study aimed to determine whether genetic recombination could be such a mechanism. METHODS We applied a large array of algorithms, imbedded in the SplitsTree and RDP4 software packages, to analyse the DNA sequences of the chromosomal loci, including the gyrA gene and the CmeABC operon, to identify events of their genetic recombination between C. jejuni strains. RESULTS The SplitsTree analyses of the above genetic loci resulted in several parallelograms with the bootstrap values being in a range of 94.7 to 100, with the high fit estimates being 99.3 to 100. These analyses were further strongly supported by the Phi test results (P ≤ 0.02715) and the RDP4-generated statistics (P ≤ 0.04005). The recombined chromosomal regions, along with the gyrA gene and CmeABC operon loci, were also found to contain the genetic loci that included, but were not limited to, the genes encoding for phosphoribosyltransferase, lipoprotein, outer membrane motility protein, and radical SAM domain protein. CONCLUSION These findings strongly suggest that the genetic recombination of the chromosomal regions involving gyrA, CmeABC, and their adjacent loci may be an additional mechanism underlying the constant emergence of epidemiologically successful FQ-resistant strains in natural populations of C. jejuni.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rusudan Tsiklauri
- Faculty of Medicine, Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Ekaterine Gabashvili
- Bioinformatics Core, Scientific-Research Center of Agriculture, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Saba Kobakhidze
- Division of Risk Assessment, Scientific-Research Center of Agriculture, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Leila Tabatadze
- Division of Risk Assessment, Scientific-Research Center of Agriculture, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Ekaterine Bobokhidze
- Division of Risk Assessment, Scientific-Research Center of Agriculture, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Ketevan Dadiani
- Faculty of Medicine, Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia; G. Natadze Scientific-Research Institute of Sanitation, Hygiene and Medical Ecology, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Stylianos Koulouris
- European Commission, Directorate General for Health and Food Safety, Bruxelles/Brussel, Belgium
| | - Mamuka Kotetishvili
- G. Natadze Scientific-Research Institute of Sanitation, Hygiene and Medical Ecology, Tbilisi, Georgia; School of Science and Technology, Scientific Research Institute of the University of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia.
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Paintsil EK, Ofori LA, Akenten CW, Zautner AE, Mbwana J, Jaeger A, Lamshöft M, May J, Obiri-Danso K, Philipps RO, Krumkamp R, Dekker D. Antibiotic-resistant Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter jejuni in commercial and smallholder farm animals in the Asante Akim North Municipality of Ghana. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:983047. [PMID: 36406391 PMCID: PMC9674231 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.983047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, farm animals, in particular poultry, are an important reservoir for Campylobacter spp. However, information on Campylobacter colonization in farm animals in Africa is scarce. Hence, this cross-sectional study determined antibiotic-resistant Campylobacter from both commercial and smallholder farm animals in the Asante Akim North Municipality of Ghana. Fecal samples from poultry and livestock kept by commercial and smallholder farms were collected and analyzed using standard microbiological methods. The overall Campylobacter frequency was 20.3% (n/N = 322/1,585), and frequencies detected were similarly high in isolates from commercial (21.0%, n/N = 169/805) and smallholder (19.6%, n/N = 153/780) farms. Species isolated were C. coli (67.7%, n/N = 218/322) and C. jejuni (32.3%, n/N = 104/322). However, the frequency of C. coli was 2.1 (95% CI: 1.8-2.5) times higher than what was found for C. jejuni. Campylobacter frequencies in the rainy season was 22.2% (n/N = 258/1,160) and 15.1% (n/N = 64/425) in the dry season (prevalence ratio = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.2-1.9). About 1.7% (n/N = 6/322) of the Campylobacter isolates, all from smallholder farms, were susceptible to all antibiotics tested. Multidrug resistance was observed for 4.7% (n/N = 15/322) of the Campylobacter isolates, of which 93.3% (n/N = 14/15) occurred in isolates from commercial farms. This study highlights the need for the implementation of control programs, in commercial farming but also at the smallholder farm level, to formulate clear guidelines aimed at decreasing Campylobacter contamination of meat products and reducing the use of antibiotics in the farming sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellis Kobina Paintsil
- Kumasi Center for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kumasi, Ghana
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Linda Aurelia Ofori
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Charity Wiafe Akenten
- Kumasi Center for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kumasi, Ghana
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Andreas E. Zautner
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Joyce Mbwana
- National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR), Tanga, Tanzania
| | - Anna Jaeger
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine (BNITM), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maike Lamshöft
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine (BNITM), Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen May
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine (BNITM), Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
- Tropical Medicine II, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kwasi Obiri-Danso
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | - Ralf Krumkamp
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine (BNITM), Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Denise Dekker
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine (BNITM), Hamburg, Germany
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Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter jejuni Isolated from Pig Guts, Pig Feces, and Surface Swabs from the Cutting Tables at Slaughterhouse and Taverns in Southern Benin. Int J Microbiol 2022; 2022:5120678. [PMID: 36212611 PMCID: PMC9536969 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5120678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter food-borne infections are a serious public health problem. In Benin, there is a proliferation of pork consumption in several forms. This study aims to determine the prevalence and the antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter jejuni strains isolated from pig guts, pig feces, and surface swabs from the cutting tables in southern Benin. For this purpose, 200 samples of pig guts, 40 samples of swabs from the cutting table surface, and 8 samples of pig feces were collected and subjected to bacteriological examination. The method used for the identification of bacteria was microbiological culture combined with molecular identification by PCR. The identified strains were then subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing according to the methodology recommended by the EUCAST. Antibiotic profiles were compared between strains isolated from pig guts, pig feces, and cutting table surfaces on the one hand and among the different sampling sites on the other hand. The results obtained show that 47.6% of the samples analyzed were contaminated by Campylobacter spp. Molecular identification revealed 34.7% of Campylobacter coli and 9.3% of Campylobacter jejuni. The study of antimicrobial susceptibility showed resistance to ciprofloxacin, 44% to ampicillin, 23.9% to erythromycin, 11% to gentamicin, and 10.1% to amoxicillin + clavulanic acid. In total, 90.8% of the isolated Campylobacter strains were multidrug resistant. The use of antimicrobials in livestock production systems has increased considerably, which could explain, at least partially, the prevalence of Campylobacter and the resistance of strains to antibiotics. To limit the risk of Campylobacter food-borne infections, it is therefore important to include Campylobacter in the list of pathogens to be tested during sanitary quality control of meat and meat products in Benin.
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Shrestha RD, Agunos A, Gow SP, Deckert AE, Varga C. Associations between antimicrobial resistance in fecal Escherichia coli isolates and antimicrobial use in Canadian turkey flocks. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:954123. [PMID: 35966666 PMCID: PMC9372513 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.954123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in enteric bacteria continues to be detected in turkey flocks and retail products worldwide, including in Canada. However, studies assessing linkages between on-farm antimicrobial use (AMU) and the development of AMR are lacking. This study aims to identify AMU characteristics that impact the development of AMR in the indicator bacteria Escherichia coli in turkey flocks, building on the Canadian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance methodology for farm-level AMU and AMR data integration. Two analytic approaches were used: (1) multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression models examined associations between AMU (any route, route-specific, and route-disease-specific indication) summarized as the number of defined daily doses in animals using Canadian standards ([nDDDvetCA]/1,000 kg-animal-days at risk) and AMR and (2) multivariable mixed-effects Poisson regression models studied the linkages between AMU and the number of classes to which an E. coli isolate was resistant (nCRE. coli). A total of 1,317 E. coli isolates from a network of 16 veterinarians and 334 turkey producers across the five major turkey-producing provinces in Canada between 2016 and 2019 were used. Analysis indicated that AMR emerged with the use of related antimicrobials (e.g., tetracycline use-tetracycline resistance), however, the use of unrelated antimicrobial classes was also impacting AMR (e.g., aminoglycosides/streptogramins use-tetracycline resistance). As for studying AMU-nCRE. coli linkages, the most robust association was between the parenteral aminoglycosides use and nCRE. coli, though in-feed uses of four unrelated classes (bacitracin, folate pathway inhibitors, streptogramins, and tetracyclines) appear to be important, indicating that ongoing uses of these classes may slow down the succession from multidrug-resistant to a more susceptible E. coli populations. The analysis of AMU (route and disease-specific)-AMR linkages complemented the above findings, suggesting that treatment of certain diseases (enteric, late-stage septicemic conditions, and colibacillosis) are influential in the development of resistance to certain antimicrobial classes. The highest variances were at the flock level indicating that stewardship actions should focus on flock-level infection prevention practices. This study added new insights to our understanding of AMU-AMR linkages in turkeys and is useful in informing AMU stewardship in the turkey sector. Enhanced surveillance using sequencing technologies are warranted to explain molecular-level determinants of AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima D. Shrestha
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Agnes Agunos
- Center for Foodborne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Sheryl P. Gow
- Center for Foodborne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Anne E. Deckert
- Center for Foodborne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Csaba Varga
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Csaba Varga,
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Brar A, Majumder S, Navarro MZ, Benoit-Biancamano MO, Ronholm J, George S. Nanoparticle-Enabled Combination Therapy Showed Superior Activity against Multi-Drug Resistant Bacterial Pathogens in Comparison to Free Drugs. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12132179. [PMID: 35808015 PMCID: PMC9268018 DOI: 10.3390/nano12132179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial pathogens in farm animals and their zoonotic spread is a concern to both animal agriculture and public health. Apart from antimicrobial resistance (AMR), bacterial pathogens from the genera of Salmonella and Staphylococcus take refuge inside host cells, thereby demanding intervention strategies that can eliminate intracellular MDR pathogens. In this study, seven clinical isolates of Salmonella and Staphylococcus from swine farms were characterized for antibiotic (n = 24) resistance, resistance mechanisms, and virulence characteristics. All isolates showed resistance to one or more antibiotics and S. enterica ser. Typhimurium isolate had the highest resistance to the panel of antibiotics tested. Major resistance mechanisms identified were efflux pump and beta-lactamase enzyme activities. Staphylococcus isolates showed complete hemolysis and strong biofilm formation, while Salmonella isolates caused partial hemolysis, but showed no or weak biofilm formation. MDR isolates of S. aureus M12 and S. enterica ser. Typhimurium bacteria were subsequently tested against combinations of antibiotics and potentiating adjuvants for improved antibacterial efficacy using a checkerboard assay, and their fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) was calculated. A combination of chitosan and silica nanoparticles containing tetracycline (TET) and efflux pump inhibitor chlorpromazine (CPZ), respectively, was characterized for physicochemical properties and effectiveness against MDR Salmonella enterica ser. Typhimurium isolate. This combination of nano-encapsulated drugs improved the antibacterial efficacy by inhibiting AMR mechanisms (efflux activity, beta-lactamase enzyme activity, and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) production) and reducing intracellular pathogen load by 83.02 ± 14.35%. In conclusion, this study sheds light on the promising applicability of nanoparticle-enabled combination therapy to combat multidrug-resistant pathogens encountered in animal agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarpreet Brar
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore, Ste Anne de Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada; (A.B.); (S.M.); (J.R.)
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (M.Z.N.); (M.-O.B.-B.)
| | - Satwik Majumder
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore, Ste Anne de Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada; (A.B.); (S.M.); (J.R.)
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (M.Z.N.); (M.-O.B.-B.)
| | - Maria Zardon Navarro
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (M.Z.N.); (M.-O.B.-B.)
- Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Marie-Odile Benoit-Biancamano
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (M.Z.N.); (M.-O.B.-B.)
- Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Jennifer Ronholm
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore, Ste Anne de Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada; (A.B.); (S.M.); (J.R.)
- Department of Animal Science, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, 2111 Lakeshore, Ste Anne de Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Saji George
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore, Ste Anne de Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada; (A.B.); (S.M.); (J.R.)
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (M.Z.N.); (M.-O.B.-B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-514-398-7920; Fax: +1-514-398-7990
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Rangaraju V, Malla BA, Milton AAP, Madesh A, Madhukar KB, Kadwalia A, Vinodhkumar OR, Kumar MS, Dubal ZB. Occurrence, antimicrobial resistance and virulence properties of thermophilic Campylobacter coli originating from two different poultry settings. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Differences in Genotype and Antimicrobial Resistance between Campylobacter spp. Isolated from Organic and Conventionally Produced Chickens in Sweden. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10121630. [PMID: 34959585 PMCID: PMC8705472 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10121630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a major challenge worldwide and increased resistance to quinolones in Campylobacter is being reported. Analysis of antibiotic resistance was performed on 157 Campylobacter strains (123 C. jejuni and 34 C. coli) from conventional and organic chickens produced in Sweden. Susceptibility for tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, nalidixic acid, streptomycin, and gentamycin was determined by microdilution. All 77 isolates from organic chickens were sensitive to all antibiotics, except two C. jejuni that were resistant to tetracycline. Of the 80 isolates from conventional chickens, 22.5% of C. jejuni and 11.1% of C. coli were resistant to quinolones and 5.6% of C. jejuni were resistant to tetracycline. Whole-genome sequencing resulted in 50 different sequence types of C. jejuni and six of C. coli. Nine sequence types were found in both organic and conventional chickens. Two of these (ST-19 and ST-257) included isolates from conventional broilers with different resistance phenotypes to the remaining isolates from conventional and organic broilers. There are management differences between the production systems, such as feed, breed, use of coccidiostats, and access to outdoor area. It is unlikely that quinolone resistance has arisen due to use of antimicrobials, since fluoroquinolones are not permitted in Swedish broiler production.
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Shakir ZM, Alhatami AO, Ismail Khudhair Y, Muhsen Abdulwahab H. Antibiotic Resistance Profile and Multiple Antibiotic Resistance Index of Campylobacter Species Isolated from Poultry. ARCHIVES OF RAZI INSTITUTE 2021; 76:1677-1686. [PMID: 35546994 PMCID: PMC9083853 DOI: 10.22092/ari.2021.356400.1837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Campylobacter is a major public health problem, leading to foodborne diarrhea in the world. The current study aimed to isolate Campylobacter in different sources of poultry and determine antimicrobial susceptibility. A total of 150 fecal and 29 cloacal swabs were obtained from poultry farms (84 cloacal swabs) and live bird markets (LBMs), respectively, and 37 cecal swabs were also acquired from a local slaughterhouse located in the middle Euphrates region. Campylobacter Species (spp.) was first isolated and characterized by conventional bacteriological methods. Secondly, the antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates was investigated by disc diffusion method. The overall prevalence of Campylobacter spp. isolated from fecal cloacal and cecal poultry samples was 24% (36 out of 150). All strains were resistant to Nalidixic acid and Ciprofloxacin (100%), with high resistance to Tetracycline (88.8%), Ampicillin (83.3%), Sulpha/Trimethoprim (80.5%), Erythromycin (50%), and Ceftriaxone (50%), but less resistant to Gentamicin (30.5%), Amoxi-Clav (27.7%), and Chloramphenicol (22.2%). The majority of isolates (97.2%) scored a multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index of 0.3 or more, and 35 (97.2%) isolates were resistant to three or more antibiotic classes. Particularly, 61.1% of the isolates were multidrug resistance (MDR), 36.1% of the isolates were extensively drug resistant, and 2.8% of the isolates were Pan drug resistant. Moreover, the current study detected 24 multiple resistance patterns from 36 isolates of Campylobacter spp., and most of the isolates (27 out of 36) displayed an important route of resistance to Nalidixic acid, Ciprofloxacin, and Tetracycline. Based on the results, increased resistance rates to commonly used antibiotics in Campylobacter were recovered from poultry farms, LBMs, and local slaughterhouses. The majority of strains were MDR to commonly used antimicrobials with elevated MAR indices, requiring implementation of a national strategy to improve husbandry practice and the effective use of antibacterial agents, alternatives, and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z M Shakir
- Heath Department, National Center for Occupational Health and Safety, AL-Najaf Governorate, Iraq
| | - A O Alhatami
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq
| | - Y Ismail Khudhair
- Department of Internal and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Diwaniyah, Iraq
| | - H Muhsen Abdulwahab
- Department of Pathology and Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq
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Schweitzer PM, Susta L, Varga C, Brash ML, Guerin MT. Demographic, Husbandry, and Biosecurity Factors Associated with the Presence of Campylobacter spp. in Small Poultry Flocks in Ontario, Canada. Pathogens 2021; 10:1471. [PMID: 34832626 PMCID: PMC8625653 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10111471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is part of a 2 year disease surveillance project conducted to establish the prevalence of poultry and zoonotic pathogens, including Campylobacter spp., among small poultry flocks in Ontario, Canada. For each post-mortem submission to the Animal Health Laboratory, a pooled sample of cecal tissue was cultured for Campylobacter spp., and a husbandry and biosecurity questionnaire was completed by the flock owner (n = 153). Using both laboratory and questionnaire data, our objective was to investigate demographic, husbandry, and biosecurity factors associated with the presence of Campylobacter spp. in small flocks. Two multivariable logistic regression models were built. In the farm model, the odds of Campylobacter spp. were higher in turkeys, and when birds were housed in a mixed group with different species and/or types of birds. The odds were lower when antibiotics were used within the last 12 months, and when birds had at least some free-range access. The effect of pest control depended on the number of birds at risk. In the coop model, the odds of Campylobacter spp. were lower when owners wore dedicated clothing when entering the coop. These results can be used to limit the transmission of Campylobacter spp. from small poultry flocks to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige M. Schweitzer
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Leonardo Susta
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Csaba Varga
- Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Marina L. Brash
- Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Michele T. Guerin
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
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Tenhagen BA, Flor M, Alt K, Knüver MT, Buhler C, Käsbohrer A, Stingl K. Association of Antimicrobial Resistance in Campylobacter spp. in Broilers and Turkeys with Antimicrobial Use. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10060673. [PMID: 34199987 PMCID: PMC8227418 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10060673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated trends in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in poultry between 2010 and 2016 in Germany and their association with antimicrobial use. Campylobacter had been isolated from the caeca of broilers and turkeys at slaughter by regional laboratories according to current ISO methods in the framework of a national monitoring program. Isolates were submitted to the National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter and tested for AMR using broth microdilution methods. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were evaluated according to epidemiological cut-off values. Antimicrobial use (AMU) data from 2014 to 2016 were taken from a government report. AMR was higher in C. coli than in C. jejuni and higher in turkeys than in broilers. AMR was highest to tetracycline and the tested (fluoro)quinolones while it was rare to gentamicin in both bacterial species, infrequent to erythromycin in C. jejuni, and moderate in C. coli. AMR to tetracycline and erythromycin decreased over time while it increased to (fluoro)quinolones. An association of AMU and AMR was observed for resistance to tetracycline and erythromycin, while it was not observed for the aminoglycosides. Resistance to nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin increased despite a decrease of fluoroquinolone use between 2014 and 2016, indicating that other factors have a strong influence on resistance to (fluoro)quinolones in Campylobacter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd-Alois Tenhagen
- Unit Epidemiology, Zoonoses and Antimicrobial Resistance, Department Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8–10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (M.F.); (K.A.); (A.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-301841224301
| | - Matthias Flor
- Unit Epidemiology, Zoonoses and Antimicrobial Resistance, Department Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8–10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (M.F.); (K.A.); (A.K.)
| | - Katja Alt
- Unit Epidemiology, Zoonoses and Antimicrobial Resistance, Department Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8–10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (M.F.); (K.A.); (A.K.)
| | - Marie-Theres Knüver
- Unit Food Microbiology, Pathogen-Host Interactions, Department Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8–10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (M.-T.K.); (C.B.); (K.S.)
| | - Christiane Buhler
- Unit Food Microbiology, Pathogen-Host Interactions, Department Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8–10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (M.-T.K.); (C.B.); (K.S.)
| | - Annemarie Käsbohrer
- Unit Epidemiology, Zoonoses and Antimicrobial Resistance, Department Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8–10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (M.F.); (K.A.); (A.K.)
| | - Kerstin Stingl
- Unit Food Microbiology, Pathogen-Host Interactions, Department Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8–10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (M.-T.K.); (C.B.); (K.S.)
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Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles and Macrolide Resistance Mechanisms of Campylobacter coli Isolated from Pigs and Chickens. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9051077. [PMID: 34067855 PMCID: PMC8156767 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9051077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We identified 1218 Campylobacter coli isolates from fecal and carcass samples of pigs (n = 643) and chickens (n = 575) between 2010 and 2018. About 99% of the isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent. The isolates exhibited high resistance rates (>75%) to ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, and tetracycline. Azithromycin and erythromycin resistance rates were the highest in isolates from pigs (39.7% and 39.2%, respectively) compared to those of chickens (15.8% and 16.3%, respectively). Additionally, a low-to-moderate proportion of the isolates were resistant to florfenicol, gentamicin, clindamycin, and telithromycin. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was found in 83.1% of the isolates, and profiles of MDR usually included ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, and tetracycline. We found point mutation (A2075G) in domain V of the 23S rRNA gene in the majority of erythromycin-resistant isolates. Multilocus sequence typing of 137 erythromycin-resistant C. coli isolates revealed 37 previously reported sequence types (STs) and 8 novel STs. M192I, A103VI, and G74A substitutions were frequently noted in the ribosomal proteins L4 or L22. Further, we identified a considerable proportion (>90%) of erythromycin-resistant isolates carrying virulence factor genes: flaA, cadF, ceuE, and VirB. The prudent use of antimicrobials and regular microbiological investigation in food animals will be vital in limiting the public health hazards of C. coli in Korea.
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Wang J, Wang Z, Zhang J, Ding Y, Ma Z, Jiang F, Nie X, Tang S, Chen M, Wu S, Zeng H, Lei T, Yang X, Zhang S, Wu Q. Prevalence, antibiotic susceptibility and genetic diversity of Campylobacter jejuni isolated from retail food in China. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Brochu NM, Guerin MT, Varga C, Lillie BN, Brash ML, Susta L. DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS, AND HUSBANDRY AND BIOSECURITY PRACTICES OF SMALL POULTRY FLOCKS IN ONTARIO, CANADA. Avian Dis 2021; 65:287-294. [PMID: 33592104 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-20-00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
As part of a two-year, disease surveillance project of small poultry flocks, owners of birds submitted for postmortem examination to the Animal Health Laboratory were asked to complete a questionnaire designed to gather information on the characteristics of the flock and its environment, how the flock was managed, and biosecurity measures used. A total of 153 unique questionnaires were received. Personal consumption of meat or eggs was the most common reason for owning a small flock (69.3%). Almost all owners (97.4%) reported having chickens on their property, while 21.6% had waterfowl, 15.7% had turkeys, and 15.7% had game birds. Nearly seventy percent (69.9%) of the flocks had some degree of outdoor access. For those with indoor access, the most common bedding material provided was soft wood shavings (70.2%). Kitchen waste or leftovers were offered to 65.3% of flocks, and well water was the most common source of drinking water (80.6%). For flocks with indoor access, dedicated shoes and clothes were used when entering or cleaning the coop by less than half of owners, and shoes were rarely disinfected before or after contact with the flock. Most owners (93.8%) reported washing their hands after contact with their birds, although only 48.3% reported washing their hands before contact. Among owners who sourced birds from a hatchery, only 36.8% indicated that the birds had been vaccinated and 21.1% were unsure if vaccines had been administered. Among owners using medication (60.5%), the use of antibiotics was common (60.9%). Overall, questionnaire responses describe a wide range of husbandry and biosecurity practices, often suboptimal, and point out the need for educational material for Ontario small flock owners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy M Brochu
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Michele T Guerin
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Csaba Varga
- Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1 (At time of study);Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA, 61802 (Present)
| | - Brandon N Lillie
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Marina L Brash
- Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Leonardo Susta
- University of Guelph Ontario Veterinary College Associate Professor Pathobiology PAHL Building 89 Corner of McGilvray and Gordon CANADA Guelph Ontario N1G2G2 +1(519)824-4120 X54323
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Tikhomirov M, Poźniak B, Smutkiewicz A, Świtała M. Pharmacokinetics of florfenicol and thiamphenicol after single oral and intravenous, as well as multiple oral administrations to geese. Br Poult Sci 2020; 62:25-31. [PMID: 32933318 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2020.1824290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
1. This study evaluated the pharmacokinetic profiles of florfenicol (FF) and thiamphenicol (TP), which are synthetic bacteriostatic antimicrobial drugs, in geese after a single intravenous or oral administration, as well as seven oral doses administered at 12 h intervals. For all treatments, the dose was 30 mg/kg. 2. After single IV administration, clearance and volume of distribution were low (0.23 ± 0.03 l/h/kg and 0.57 ± 0.08 l/kg for FF, and 0.23 ± 0.04 l/h/kg and 0.59 ± 0.08 l/kg for TP, respectively). The elimination half-life was similar between products and short (2.91 ± 0.41 and 2.84 ± 0.64 h for FF and TP, respectively). 3. The single oral administration resulted in efficient absorption (bioavailability of 83.15 ± 11.48 for FF and 75.21 ± 19.56% for TP) with high maximal concentrations of 30.47 ± 2.47 and 20.02 ± 3.87 μg/ml for FF and TP, respectively. The area under the curve was 108.36 ± 14.96 and 101.81 ± 26.48 mg×h/l for FF and TP, respectively. 4. For both drugs, the two latter parameters were found to be higher compared to earlier studies on terrestrial birds. This suggested that FF and TP may be efficient in treating infections in geese caused by certain bacteria sensitive to chloramphenicol. 5. Neither drug accumulated in tissues following the oral seven doses and no adverse effects were noted in any treated animals. Thus, the selected FF and TP dosage may be considered as a safe treatment for geese.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tikhomirov
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences , Wrocław, Poland
| | - B Poźniak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences , Wrocław, Poland
| | - A Smutkiewicz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences , Wrocław, Poland
| | - M Świtała
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences , Wrocław, Poland
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Asmai R, Karraouan B, Es-Soucratti K, En-Nassiri H, Bouchrif B, Karib H, Triqui R. Prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Campylobacter coli isolated from broiler farms in the Marrakesh Safi region, Morocco. Vet World 2020; 13:1892-1897. [PMID: 33132602 PMCID: PMC7566245 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.1892-1897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Campylobacteriosis is a common foodborne disease epidemiologically linked to the consumption of poultry products. However, other sources, such as raw or contaminated milk, contaminated water or ice, contact with infected livestock, and pets, are reported. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and resistance to microbial resistance of Campylobacter coli in broiler farms in the region of Marrakesh Safi, Morocco. Materials and Methods The study was conducted between May and December 2017 and involved 35 broiler farms. One hundred and five cloacal swabs were collected from the eight provinces in the region of Marrakesh Safi, Morocco. Bacteriology method NM ISO/TS 10272-3: 2013 was used to isolate and identify Campylobacter spp. Molecular identification (polymerase chain reaction) was used for confirmation. A disk diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar was used for susceptibility testing. Five antibiotic agents, including first-line drugs, were evaluated. Results Among 105 samples, 71.4% (75/105) were positive for Campylobacter spp. test and 56% (42/75) of isolates belonged to the species coli. Susceptibility profiles showed that 95.2% of C. coli strains were resistant to ampicillin, 92.8% to erythromycin and tetracycline, 85.7% to ciprofloxacin, and 7.1% to gentamicin. Conclusion This study underlines the need to strengthen implementation of specific control procedures to decrease contamination of poultry meat with Campylobacter spp. and to reduce the use of antibiotics in the poultry sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Asmai
- Unité HIDAOA, Departement de Pathologie et Santé Publique Vétérinaire, Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, B.P. 6202, Rabat-Instituts, Rabat, Morocco
| | | | - Khadija Es-Soucratti
- Department of Biology, Ain Chock Faculty of Sciences, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Houda En-Nassiri
- Department of Biology, Ain Chock Faculty of Sciences, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | | | - Hakim Karib
- Unité HIDAOA, Departement de Pathologie et Santé Publique Vétérinaire, Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, B.P. 6202, Rabat-Instituts, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Réda Triqui
- Unité HIDAOA, Departement de Pathologie et Santé Publique Vétérinaire, Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, B.P. 6202, Rabat-Instituts, Rabat, Morocco
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22
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Tenhagen BA, Alt K, Käsbohrer A, Kollas C, Pfefferkorn B, Naumann S, Wiehle L, Thieck M, Stingl K. Comparison of Antimicrobial Resistance of Thermophilic Campylobacter Isolates from Conventional and Organic Turkey Meat in Germany. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2020; 17:750-757. [PMID: 32678987 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2020.2815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) rates of Campylobacter spp. isolated from conventional and organic turkey meat sold at retail in Germany. Samples of conventional (N = 527) and organic (N = 245) fresh turkey meat without skin were collected at retail markets throughout Germany and tested for Campylobacter spp.. Campylobacter isolates were tested for resistance to six antimicrobials (gentamicin, streptomycin, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, erythromycin, and tetracycline) using broth microdilution. Prevalence of Campylobacter spp. was higher in organic (32.7%) than in conventional (19.4%) turkey meat. The proportion of fully susceptible isolates was lower in Campylobacter coli (6.8%) than in Campylobacter jejuni (33.9%) and higher in isolates from organic (38.4%) than from conventional production (17.4%). Overall, resistance rates were the highest to ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, and tetracycline. Resistance to erythromycin was only observed in C. coli and resistance to gentamicin was absent. Overall, resistance rates to tetracycline and fluoroquinolones were higher in isolates from conventional (60.9% and 78.9%) than from organic meat (32.9% and 58.9%, respectively). However, this significant difference was only observed for C. jejuni, but not for C. coli. Further studies are needed to identify the reasons for the differences in the association of production type of turkeys with AMR in the different Campylobacter spp. and the critical parameters for the reduction of AMR in Campylobacter from turkey meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd-Alois Tenhagen
- Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung, Abteilung Biologische Sicherheit, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katja Alt
- Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung, Abteilung Biologische Sicherheit, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annemarie Käsbohrer
- Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung, Abteilung Biologische Sicherheit, Berlin, Germany.,Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien, Institut für Veterinary Public Health, Wien, Germany
| | - Chris Kollas
- Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung, Abteilung Biologische Sicherheit, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Steffen Naumann
- Bundesamt für Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Wiehle
- Bundesamt für Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maja Thieck
- Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung, Abteilung Biologische Sicherheit, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerstin Stingl
- Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung, Abteilung Biologische Sicherheit, Berlin, Germany
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23
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Marin C, Sevilla-Navarro S, Lonjedo R, Catalá-Gregori P, Ferrús MA, Vega S, Jiménez-Belenguer A. Genotyping and molecular characterization of antimicrobial resistance in thermophilic Campylobacter isolated from poultry breeders and their progeny in Eastern Spain. Poult Sci 2020; 99:5096-5104. [PMID: 32988548 PMCID: PMC7598336 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermophilic Campylobacter spp. are recognized as a major cause of acute bacterial diarrhea in humans, with broiler meat being the most common source of human infection. Antibiotic therapy is usually necessary for severe or prolonged infections, especially in immunocompromised populations such as young or elderly individuals. However, different studies have demonstrated a close association between antibiotic use in animal production and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in humans. In this sense, there is social pressure to reduce antibiotic administration and find adequate alternatives to control the presence of bacterial infections in farms. However, there is a lack of information related to Campylobacter AMR dynamics through the entire production system from breeders to their progeny. It is unknown if resistance genes are a result of adaptation through chromosomal mutation or through horizontal gene transfer, instead of vertical transmission of DNA from the parent to their progeny. Thus, the main objectives of this study were to assess the main AMR rates present in a poultry production system, to study the relationship between Campylobacter AMR profiles from breeders and their progeny, and to study the presence and distribution of antibiotic resistance genes in poultry production. Regarding AMR rates, ciprofloxacin was classified as extremely high, followed by nalidixic acid and tetracyclines that were classified as very high. Moreover, this study demonstrated a relationship between the AMR patterns and genes found from Campylobacter strains isolated in breeders and those present in their progeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Marin
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46113 Moncada, Spain
| | - S Sevilla-Navarro
- Centro de Calidad Avícola y Alimentación Animal de la Comunidad Valenciana (CECAV), Castellón, Spain; Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46113 Moncada, Spain
| | - R Lonjedo
- Biotechnology Department. Centro Avanzado de Microbiología de Alimentos, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - P Catalá-Gregori
- Centro de Calidad Avícola y Alimentación Animal de la Comunidad Valenciana (CECAV), Castellón, Spain; Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46113 Moncada, Spain
| | - M A Ferrús
- Biotechnology Department. Centro Avanzado de Microbiología de Alimentos, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - S Vega
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46113 Moncada, Spain
| | - A Jiménez-Belenguer
- Biotechnology Department. Centro Avanzado de Microbiología de Alimentos, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
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24
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Baali M, Lounis M, Amir HLA, Ayachi A, Hakem A, Kassah-Laouar A. Prevalence, seasonality, and antimicrobial resistance of thermotolerant Campylobacter isolated from broiler farms and slaughterhouses in East Algeria. Vet World 2020; 13:1221-1228. [PMID: 32801576 PMCID: PMC7396338 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.1221-1228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The current study was carried out to determine the prevalence, seasonality, and antimicrobial profile of thermotolerant Campylobacter isolated from broiler chickens in Batna, East Algeria, from June 2016 to June 2018. Materials and Methods: A total of 960 samples, including 480 cloacal swabs, 240 cecal contents, and 240 neck skin samples collected from 6 poultry farms and 12 slaughterhouses, were included in this study. After isolation and identification, susceptibility to seven antimicrobial agents was tested by the disk diffusion method. The seasonality of Campylobacter infection at broiler farms was statistically analyzed. Results: The data showed that 65%, 55%, and 70% of the cloacal swab, neck skin, and cecal content samples were contaminated with thermotolerant Campylobacter strains, respectively (p<0.05). Among the isolated campylobacteria, Campylobacter jejuni was the predominant species (73.5%). Sampling season exhibited a significant impact on the prevalence of Campylobacter (p<0.01), with peak occurrence in summer. All of the isolates were susceptible to gentamicin and resistant to ampicillin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, while 83.3% of them were resistant to erythromycin. Interestingly, 16 different resistance profiles were noted, with the combination of “ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, and tetracycline” being the most common, identified in 20.7% of isolated strains. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the presence of a high contamination rate of multidrug-resistant Campylobacter in farms and slaughterhouses in East Algeria. These findings underscore the need to apply strict control measures to avoid any associated public health hazard among Algerian consumers. This initial finding of the contamination of poultry with this zoonotic pathogen in East Algeria suggests the value of periodic comprehensive evaluation of associated disease in poultry as well as in humans in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Baali
- Laboratory of Food Hygiene and Quality Insurance System, High National Veterinary School, Rue Issad Abbes, Oued Smar, Algiers, Algeria.,Department of Agroveterinary Science, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Ziane Achour, Road of Moudjbara, Djelfa, Algeria
| | - Mohamed Lounis
- Department of Agroveterinary Science, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Ziane Achour, Road of Moudjbara, Djelfa, Algeria
| | - Hanan Laidouci Al Amir
- Department of Food and Water Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Algeria, Road of Petit Staouéli, Dely Brahim, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Ammar Ayachi
- Biotechnology Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Cellular Physiopathology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Batna 2, Batna, Algeria
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25
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Kouglenou SD, Agbankpe AJ, Dougnon V, Djeuda AD, Deguenon E, Hidjo M, Baba-Moussa L, Bankole H. Prevalence and susceptibility to antibiotics from Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolated from chicken meat in southern Benin, West Africa. BMC Res Notes 2020; 13:305. [PMID: 32591026 PMCID: PMC7318530 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-05150-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Poultry is commonly considered to be the primary vehicle for Campylobacter infection in humans. The aim of this study is to assess the risk of Campylobacteriosis in chicken meat consumers in southern Benin by assessing the prevalence and resistance profile of Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter jejuni isolated from chicken thigh in Southern Benin. Results The contamination rate of Campylobacter in the samples was 32.8%. From this percentage, 59.5% were local chicken thighs and 40.5% of imported chicken thighs (p = 0.045). After molecular identification, on the 256 samples analyzed, the prevalence of C. jejuni was 23.4% and 7.8% for C. coli, with a concordance of 0.693 (Kappa coefficient of concordance) with the results from phenotypic identification. Seventy-two-point seven percent of Campylobacter strains were resistant to Ciprofloxacin, 71.4% were resistant to Ampicillin and Tetracycline. 55.8% of the strains were multi-drug resistant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alidehou Jerrold Agbankpe
- Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, Research Laboratory in Applied Biology, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01, P.O. Box 2009, Cotonou, Benin.
| | - Victorien Dougnon
- Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, Research Laboratory in Applied Biology, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01, P.O. Box 2009, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Armando Djiyou Djeuda
- Laboratory for Public Health Research Biotechnologies, Biotechnology Center, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Esther Deguenon
- Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, Research Laboratory in Applied Biology, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01, P.O. Box 2009, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Marie Hidjo
- Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, Research Laboratory in Applied Biology, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01, P.O. Box 2009, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Lamine Baba-Moussa
- Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Abomey-Calavi, 05, P.O. Box 1604, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Honore Bankole
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Ministry of Health, 01, P.O. Box 418, Cotonou, Benin.,Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, Research Laboratory in Applied Biology, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01, P.O. Box 2009, Cotonou, Benin
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Soro AB, Whyte P, Bolton DJ, Tiwari BK. Strategies and novel technologies to control Campylobacter in the poultry chain: A review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:1353-1377. [PMID: 33337085 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacteriosis is one of the most common bacterial infections worldwide causing economic costs. The high prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in poultry meat is a result of several contamination and cross-contamination sources through the production chain. Moreover, survival mechanisms, such as biofilm formation, viable but nonculturable state, and antimicrobial resistance, enable its persistence during food processing. Therefore, mitigation strategies are necessary in order to avoid and/or inactivate Campylobacter at farm, abattoir, industry, and retail level. In this review, a number of potential strategies and novel technologies that could reduce the prevalence of Campylobacter in poultry meat have been identified and evaluated to provide a useful overview. At farm level for instance, biosecurity, bacteriocins, probiotics, feed and water additives, bacteriophages, and vaccination could potentially reduce colonization in chicken flocks. However, current technologies used in the chicken slaughter and processing industry may be less effective against this foodborne pathogen. Novel technologies and strategies such as cold plasma, ultraviolet light, high-intensity light pulses, pulsed electric fields, antimicrobials, and modified atmosphere packaging are discussed in this review for reducing Campylobacter contamination. Although these measures have achieved promising results, most have not been integrated within processing operations due to a lack of knowledge or an unwillingness to implement these into existing processing systems. Furthermore, a combination of existing and novel strategies might be required to decrease the prevalence of this pathogen in poultry meat and enhance food safety. Therefore, further research will be essential to assess the effectiveness of all these strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo B Soro
- Department of Food Chemistry and Technology, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Ireland.,UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | - Paul Whyte
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | - Declan J Bolton
- Department of Food Safety, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Ireland
| | - Brijesh K Tiwari
- Department of Food Chemistry and Technology, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Ireland
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Neogi SB, Islam MM, Islam SKS, Akhter AHMT, Sikder MMH, Yamasaki S, Kabir SML. Risk of multi-drug resistant Campylobacter spp. and residual antimicrobials at poultry farms and live bird markets in Bangladesh. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:278. [PMID: 32293315 PMCID: PMC7158023 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05006-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding potential risks of multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogens from the booming poultry sector is a crucial public health concern. Campylobacter spp. are among the most important zoonotic pathogens associated with MDR infections in poultry and human. This study systematically examined potential risks and associated socio-environmental factors of MDR Campylobacter spp. in poultry farms and live bird markets (LBMs) of Bangladesh. METHODS Microbial culture and PCR-based methods were applied to examine the occurrence and MDR patterns of Campylobacter spp. in potential sources (n = 224) at 7 hatcheries, 9 broiler farms and 4 LBMs in three sub-districts. Antimicrobial residues in broiler meat and liver samples (n = 50) were detected by advanced chromatographic techniques. A questionnaire based cross-sectional survey was conducted on socio-environmental factors. RESULTS Overall, 32% (71/ 224) samples were found contaminated with Campylobacter spp. In poultry farms, Campylobacter spp. was primarily found in cloacal swab (21/49, 43%), followed by drinking water (8/24, 33%), and meat (8/28, 29%) samples of broilers. Remarkably, at LBMs, Campylobacter spp. was detected in higher prevalence (p < 0.05) in broiler meat (14/26, 54%), which could be related (p < 0.01) to bacterial contamination of drinking water (11/21, 52%) and floor (9/21, 43%). Campylobacter isolates, one from each of 71 positive samples, were differentiated into Campylobacter jejuni (66%) and Campylobacter coli (34%). Alarmingly, 49 and 42% strains of C. jejuni and C. coli, respectively, were observed as MDR, i.e., resistant to three or more antimicrobials, including, tetracycline, amoxicillin, streptomycin, fluoroquinolones, and macrolides. Residual antimicrobials (oxytetracycline, ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin) were detected in majority of broiler liver (79%) and meat (62%) samples, among which 33 and 19%, respectively, had concentration above acceptable limit. Inadequate personal and environmental hygiene, unscrupulously use of antimicrobials, improper waste disposal, and lack of health surveillance were distinguishable risk factors, with local diversity and compound influences on MDR pathogens. CONCLUSION Potential contamination sources and anthropogenic factors associated with the alarming occurrence of MDR Campylobacter, noted in this study, would aid in developing interventions to minimize the increasing risks of poultry-associated MDR pathogens under 'One Health' banner that includes poultry, human and environment perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sucharit Basu Neogi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Md Mehedul Islam
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - S K Shaheenur Islam
- Epidemiology Unit, Department of Livestock Services, Krishi Khamar Sarak, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1215, Bangladesh
| | - A H M Taslima Akhter
- FAO-Food Safety Program (FSP), Institute of Public Health, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1215, Bangladesh
| | | | - Shinji Yamasaki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - S M Lutful Kabir
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh.
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Varga C, Guerin MT, Brash ML, Slavic D, Boerlin P, Susta L. Antimicrobial resistance in fecal Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica isolates: a two-year prospective study of small poultry flocks in Ontario, Canada. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:464. [PMID: 31864357 PMCID: PMC6925488 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2187-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although keeping small poultry flocks is increasingly popular in Ontario, information on the antimicrobial susceptibility of enteric bacteria of such flocks is lacking. The current study was conducted on small poultry flocks in Ontario between October 2015 and September 2017, and samples were submitted on a voluntary basis to Ontario’s Animal Health Laboratory. From each submission, a pooled cecal sample was obtained from all the birds of the same species from the same flock and tested for the presence of two common enteric pathogens, E. coli and Salmonella. Three different isolates from each E. coli-positive sample and one isolate from each Salmonella-positive sample were selected and tested for susceptibility to 14 antimicrobials using a broth microdilution technique. Results A total of 433 fecal E. coli isolates (358 chicken, 27 turkey, 24 duck, and 24 game bird) and 5 Salmonella isolates (3 chicken, 1 turkey, and 1 duck) were recovered. One hundred and sixty-seven chicken, 5 turkey, 14 duck, and 15 game bird E. coli isolates were pan-susceptible. For E. coli, a moderate to high proportion of isolates were resistant to tetracycline (43% chicken, 81% turkey, 42% duck, and 38% game bird isolates), streptomycin (29% chicken, 37% turkey, and 33% game bird isolates), sulfonamides (17% chicken, 37% turkey, and 21% duck isolates), and ampicillin (16% chicken and 41% turkey isolates). Multidrug resistance was found in 37% of turkey, 20% of chicken, 13% of duck, and 8% of game bird E. coli isolates. Salmonella isolates were most frequently resistant to streptomycin, tetracycline, and sulfonamides. Resistance to cephalosporins, carbapenems, macrolides, and quinolones was infrequent in both E. coli and Salmonella isolates. Cluster and correlation analyses identified streptomycin-tetracycline-sulfisoxazole-trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole as the most common resistance pattern in chicken E. coli isolates. Turkey E. coli isolates compared to all the other poultry species had higher odds of resistance to tetracycline and ampicillin, and a higher multidrug resistance rate. Conclusions Escherichia coli isolates were frequently resistant to antimicrobials commonly used to treat poultry bacterial infections, which highlights the necessity of judicious antimicrobial use to limit the emergence of multidrug resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Varga
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61802, USA.
| | - Michele T Guerin
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Marina L Brash
- Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Durda Slavic
- Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Patrick Boerlin
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Leonardo Susta
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
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