1
|
Mayobre C, Garcia-Mas J, Pujol M. A matter of smell: The complex regulation of aroma production in melon. Food Chem 2024; 460:140640. [PMID: 39096801 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Melon fruit flavor is one of the most valuable traits for consumers. Aroma, formed by volatile organic compounds (VOCs), is a major component of flavor but has been neglected in breeding programs because of its complex regulation. Although the genetic regulation of VOCs biosynthesis is not fully understood, several advances have been recently achieved. VOCs originate from the degradation of fatty acids, aminoacids and terpenes, and the role of newly described enzymes, transcription factors and putative regulators is here discussed. Furthermore, ethylene plays a key role in fruit aroma production in melon, triggering the conversion of green-flavored aldehydes into fruity-flavored esters. A current challenge is to understand the ethylene-independent regulation of VOCs formation. Environmental conditions and human processing can also shape the melon volatile profile, and future research should focus on studying the effect of climate change in aroma formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Mayobre
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Edifici CRAG, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Garcia-Mas
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Edifici CRAG, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Edifici CRAG, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Marta Pujol
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Edifici CRAG, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Edifici CRAG, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Altaf MM, Awan ZA, Ashraf S, Altaf MA, Zhu Z, Alsahli AA, Ahmad P. Melatonin induced reversibility of vanadium toxicity in muskmelon by regulating antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 473:134452. [PMID: 38762984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Agricultural lands with vanadium (V), pose a significant and widespread threat to crop production worldwide. The study was designed to explore the melatonin (ME) treatment in reducing the V-induced phytotoxicity in muskmelon. The muskmelon seedlings were grown hydroponically and subjected to V (40 mg L-1) stress and exogenously treated with ME (100 μmol L-1) to mitigate the V-induced toxicity. The results showed that V toxicity displayed a remarkably adverse effect on seedling growth and biomass, primarily by impeding root development, the photosynthesis system and the activities of antioxidants. Contrarily, the application of ME mitigated the V-induced growth damage and significantly improved root attributes, photosynthetic efficiency, leaf gas exchange parameters and mineral homeostasis by reducing V accumulation in leaves and roots. Additionally, a significant reduction in the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) along with a decrease in electrolyte leakage was observed in muskmelon seedlings treated with ME under V-stress. This reduction was attributed to the enhancement in the activities of antioxidants in leaves/roots such as ascorbate (AsA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione S-transferase (GST) as compared to the V stressed plants. Moreover, ME also upregulated the chlorophyll biosynthesis and antioxidants genes expression in muskmelon. Given these findings, ME treatment exhibited a significant improvement in growth attributes, photosynthesis efficiency and the activities of antioxidants (enzymatic and non-enzymatic) by regulating their expression of genes against V-stress with considerable reduction in oxidative damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Mohsin Altaf
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zoia Arshad Awan
- Horticulture Development Department, Teagasc, Ashtown Food Research Centre, Dublin D15 KN3K, Ireland
| | - Sahrish Ashraf
- Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ahsan Altaf
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Center of Nanfan and High‑Efficiency Tropical Agriculture, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Zhu
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | | | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany, GDC Pulwama, Jammu and Kashmir 192301, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shahwar D, Khan Z, Park Y. Molecular Markers for Marker-Assisted Breeding for Biotic and Abiotic Stress in Melon ( Cucumis melo L.): A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6307. [PMID: 38928017 PMCID: PMC11204097 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Melon (Cucumis melo L.) is a globally grown crop renowned for its juice and flavor. Despite growth in production, the melon industry faces several challenges owing to a wide range of biotic and abiotic stresses throughout the growth and development of melon. The aim of the review article is to consolidate current knowledge on the genetic mechanism of both biotic and abiotic stress in melon, facilitating the development of robust, disease-resistant melon varieties. A comprehensive literature review was performed, focusing on recent genetic and molecular advancements related to biotic and abiotic stress responses in melons. The review emphasizes the identification and analysis of quantitative trait loci (QTLs), functional genes, and molecular markers in two sections. The initial section provides a comprehensive summary of the QTLs and major and minor functional genes, and the establishment of molecular markers associated with biotic (viral, bacterial, and fungal pathogens, and nematodes) and abiotic stress (cold/chilling, drought, salt, and toxic compounds). The latter section briefly outlines the molecular markers employed to facilitate marker-assisted backcrossing (MABC) and identify cultivars resistant to biotic and abiotic stressors, emphasizing their relevance in strategic marker-assisted melon breeding. These insights could guide the incorporation of specific traits, culminating in developing novel varieties, equipped to withstand diseases and environmental stresses by targeted breeding, that meet both consumer preferences and the needs of melon breeders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Durre Shahwar
- Plant Genomics and Molecular Breeding Laboratory, Department of Horticultural Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea;
| | - Zeba Khan
- Center for Agricultural Education, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India;
| | - Younghoon Park
- Plant Genomics and Molecular Breeding Laboratory, Department of Horticultural Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea;
- Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kumar S, Shukla V, Tripathi YN, Aamir M, Divyanshu K, Yadav M, Upadhyay RS. Biochemical changes, antioxidative profile, and efficacy of the bio-stimulant in plant defense response against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in common bean ( Phasaeolus vulgaris L.). Heliyon 2024; 10:e23030. [PMID: 38169743 PMCID: PMC10758741 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is a highly destructive pathogen with widespread impact on common bean (Phasaeolus vulgaris L.) worldwide. In this work, we investigated the efficacy of microbial consortia in bolstering host defense against sclerotinia rot. Specifically, we evaluated the performance of a microbial consortia comprising of Trichoderma erinaceum (T51) and Trichoderma viride (T52) (referred to as the T4 treatment) in terms of biochemical parameters, alleviation of the ROS induced cellular toxicity, membrane integrity (measured as MDA content), nutrient profiling, and the host defense-related antioxidative enzyme activities. Our findings demonstrate a notable enhancement in thiamine content, exhibiting 1.887 and 1.513-fold higher in the T4 compared to the un-inoculated control and the T1 treatment (only S. sclerotiorum treated). Similarly, the total proline content exhibited 3.46 and 1.24-fold higher and the total phenol content was 4.083 and 2.625-fold higher in the T4 compared to the un-inoculated control and the T1 treatment, respectively. Likewise, a general trend was found for other antioxidative and non-oxidative enzyme activities. However, results found were approximately similar in T2 treatment (bioprimed with T51) or T3 treatments (bioprimed with T52). Further, host defense attribute (survival rate) under the pathogen challenged condition was maximum in the T4 (15.55 % disease incidence) compared to others. Therefore, bio priming with consortia could be useful in reducing the economic losses incited by S. sclerotiorum in common beans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Central Ayurveda Research Institute, Bhubaneswar, 751029, Odisha, India
| | - Vaishali Shukla
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Yashoda Nandan Tripathi
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohd Aamir
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Kumari Divyanshu
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mukesh Yadav
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ram Sanmukh Upadhyay
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mkhize P, Shimelis H, Mashilo J. Cucurbitacins B, E and I Concentrations and Relationship with Drought Tolerance in Bottle Gourd [ Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.]. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3492. [PMID: 37836232 PMCID: PMC10574769 DOI: 10.3390/plants12193492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Bottle gourd [Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.]) is a relatively drought-tolerant cucurbit due to the high composition of unique biochemical compositions, including cucurbitacin. The objective of this study was to determine the concentrations of cucurbitacins in bottle gourd and their relationship to drought tolerance. The study assessed 12 bottle gourd accessions grown under two moisture levels (i.e., non-stressed (NS) and drought-stressed (DS)) and three drought stress intensities (i.e., mild, moderate, and severe) using a 12 × 2 × 3 factorial experiment designed in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Control studies were undertaken under glasshouse conditions. The content of cucurbitacins B, E, and I were quantified in leaves and roots using high-performance liquid Cchromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). The free radical scavenging activities of pure cucurbitacins B, E, and I were quantified using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and a ferrulic acid power assay (FRAP). Results revealed that cucurbitacins B and I were present in accessions BG-48, BG-58, BG-70, BG-78, BG-79, BG-81, BG-52, and GC in leaves and roots under DS condition. The contents of cucurbitacins B and I were enhanced under increased drought intensity for accessions BG-48, BG-81, and GC. In all the leaf and root samples, cucurbitacin E was not detectable. Based on the DPPH test, pure cucurbitacins I, B, and E reduced free radicals at maximum values of 78, 60, and 66%, respectively. Based on the FRAP assay, pure cucurbitacins I, B, and E had maximum ferric-reducing powers of 67, 62, and 48%. Additionally, cucurbitacin I recorded the highest antioxidant activity compared to cucurbitacins B and E. Increased cucurbitacin accumulation and antioxidant properties indicate their role in minimising cell damage caused by oxidative stress under drought-stressed environments. The present study revealed that cucurbitacins B and I serve as novel biochemical markers for screening drought tolerance in bottle gourd or related cucurbits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phumzile Mkhize
- African Centre for Crop Improvement (ACCI), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa; (H.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Hussein Shimelis
- African Centre for Crop Improvement (ACCI), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa; (H.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Jacob Mashilo
- African Centre for Crop Improvement (ACCI), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa; (H.S.); (J.M.)
- Limpopo Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, Towoomba Research Centre, Agriculture Regulatory and Technology Development, Crop Science Directorate, Private Bag X1615, Bela-Bela 0480, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Miranda RDS, da Fonseca BSF, Pinho DS, Batista JYN, de Brito RR, da Silva EM, Ferreira WS, Costa JH, Lopes MDS, de Sousa RHB, Neves LF, Penha JAF, Santos AS, Lima JJP, Paula-Marinho SDO, Neto FDA, de Aguiar ÉS, dos Santos CP, Gomes-Filho E. Selection of Soybean and Cowpea Cultivars with Superior Performance under Drought Using Growth and Biochemical Aspects. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3134. [PMID: 37687379 PMCID: PMC10489739 DOI: 10.3390/plants12173134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Identifying cultivars of leguminous crops exhibiting drought resistance has become crucial in addressing water scarcity issues. This investigative study aimed to select soybean and cowpea cultivars with enhanced potential to grow under water restriction during the vegetative stage. Two parallel trials were conducted using seven soybean (AS3810IPRO, M8644IPRO, TMG1180RR, NS 8338IPRO, BMX81I81IPRO, M8808IPRO, and BÔNUS8579IPRO) and cowpea cultivars (Aracê, Novaera, Pajeú, Pitiúba, Tumucumaque, TVU, and Xique-xique) under four water levels (75, 60, 45, and 30% field capacity-FC) over 21 days. Growth, water content, membrane damage, photosynthetic pigments, organic compounds, and proline levels were analyzed. Drought stress significantly impacted the growth of both crops, particularly at 45 and 30% FC for soybean and 60 and 45% FC for cowpea plants. The BÔNUS8579IPRO and TMG1180RR soybean cultivars demonstrated the highest performance under drought, a response attributed to increased amino acids and proline contents, which likely help to mitigate membrane damage. For cowpea, the superior performance of the drought-stressed Xique-xique cultivar was associated with the maintenance of water content and elevated photosynthetic pigments, which contributed to the preservation of the photosynthetic efficiency and carbohydrate levels. Our findings clearly indicate promising leguminous cultivars that grow under water restriction, serving as viable alternatives for cultivating in water-limited environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael de Souza Miranda
- Plant Science Department, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, Piauí, Brazil;
- Postgraduate Program in Agricultural Sciences, Campus Professora Cinobelina Elvas, Federal University of Piauí, Bom Jesus 64900-000, Piauí, Brazil; (R.R.d.B.); (R.H.B.d.S.); (A.S.S.); (S.d.O.P.-M.)
| | - Bruno Sousa Figueiredo da Fonseca
- Agronomic Engineering Course, Campus Professora Cinobelina Elvas, Federal University of Piauí, Bom Jesus 64900-000, Piauí, Brazil; (B.S.F.d.F.); (D.S.P.); (J.Y.N.B.); (E.M.d.S.); (W.S.F.); (M.d.S.L.); (L.F.N.); (J.A.F.P.); (J.J.P.L.)
| | - Davielson Silva Pinho
- Agronomic Engineering Course, Campus Professora Cinobelina Elvas, Federal University of Piauí, Bom Jesus 64900-000, Piauí, Brazil; (B.S.F.d.F.); (D.S.P.); (J.Y.N.B.); (E.M.d.S.); (W.S.F.); (M.d.S.L.); (L.F.N.); (J.A.F.P.); (J.J.P.L.)
| | - Jennyfer Yara Nunes Batista
- Agronomic Engineering Course, Campus Professora Cinobelina Elvas, Federal University of Piauí, Bom Jesus 64900-000, Piauí, Brazil; (B.S.F.d.F.); (D.S.P.); (J.Y.N.B.); (E.M.d.S.); (W.S.F.); (M.d.S.L.); (L.F.N.); (J.A.F.P.); (J.J.P.L.)
| | - Ramilos Rodrigues de Brito
- Postgraduate Program in Agricultural Sciences, Campus Professora Cinobelina Elvas, Federal University of Piauí, Bom Jesus 64900-000, Piauí, Brazil; (R.R.d.B.); (R.H.B.d.S.); (A.S.S.); (S.d.O.P.-M.)
| | - Everaldo Moreira da Silva
- Agronomic Engineering Course, Campus Professora Cinobelina Elvas, Federal University of Piauí, Bom Jesus 64900-000, Piauí, Brazil; (B.S.F.d.F.); (D.S.P.); (J.Y.N.B.); (E.M.d.S.); (W.S.F.); (M.d.S.L.); (L.F.N.); (J.A.F.P.); (J.J.P.L.)
| | - Wesley Santos Ferreira
- Agronomic Engineering Course, Campus Professora Cinobelina Elvas, Federal University of Piauí, Bom Jesus 64900-000, Piauí, Brazil; (B.S.F.d.F.); (D.S.P.); (J.Y.N.B.); (E.M.d.S.); (W.S.F.); (M.d.S.L.); (L.F.N.); (J.A.F.P.); (J.J.P.L.)
| | - José Hélio Costa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60451-970, Ceará, Brazil; (J.H.C.); (E.G.-F.)
| | - Marcos dos Santos Lopes
- Agronomic Engineering Course, Campus Professora Cinobelina Elvas, Federal University of Piauí, Bom Jesus 64900-000, Piauí, Brazil; (B.S.F.d.F.); (D.S.P.); (J.Y.N.B.); (E.M.d.S.); (W.S.F.); (M.d.S.L.); (L.F.N.); (J.A.F.P.); (J.J.P.L.)
| | - Renan Henrique Beserra de Sousa
- Postgraduate Program in Agricultural Sciences, Campus Professora Cinobelina Elvas, Federal University of Piauí, Bom Jesus 64900-000, Piauí, Brazil; (R.R.d.B.); (R.H.B.d.S.); (A.S.S.); (S.d.O.P.-M.)
| | - Larissa Fonseca Neves
- Agronomic Engineering Course, Campus Professora Cinobelina Elvas, Federal University of Piauí, Bom Jesus 64900-000, Piauí, Brazil; (B.S.F.d.F.); (D.S.P.); (J.Y.N.B.); (E.M.d.S.); (W.S.F.); (M.d.S.L.); (L.F.N.); (J.A.F.P.); (J.J.P.L.)
| | - José Antônio Freitas Penha
- Agronomic Engineering Course, Campus Professora Cinobelina Elvas, Federal University of Piauí, Bom Jesus 64900-000, Piauí, Brazil; (B.S.F.d.F.); (D.S.P.); (J.Y.N.B.); (E.M.d.S.); (W.S.F.); (M.d.S.L.); (L.F.N.); (J.A.F.P.); (J.J.P.L.)
| | - Amanda Soares Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Agricultural Sciences, Campus Professora Cinobelina Elvas, Federal University of Piauí, Bom Jesus 64900-000, Piauí, Brazil; (R.R.d.B.); (R.H.B.d.S.); (A.S.S.); (S.d.O.P.-M.)
| | - Juliana Joice Pereira Lima
- Agronomic Engineering Course, Campus Professora Cinobelina Elvas, Federal University of Piauí, Bom Jesus 64900-000, Piauí, Brazil; (B.S.F.d.F.); (D.S.P.); (J.Y.N.B.); (E.M.d.S.); (W.S.F.); (M.d.S.L.); (L.F.N.); (J.A.F.P.); (J.J.P.L.)
| | - Stelamaris de Oliveira Paula-Marinho
- Postgraduate Program in Agricultural Sciences, Campus Professora Cinobelina Elvas, Federal University of Piauí, Bom Jesus 64900-000, Piauí, Brazil; (R.R.d.B.); (R.H.B.d.S.); (A.S.S.); (S.d.O.P.-M.)
| | | | - Évelyn Silva de Aguiar
- Postgraduate Program in Environmental Sciences, Center of Sciences of Chapadinha, Federal University of Maranhão, Chapadinha 65500-000, Maranhão, Brazil; (É.S.d.A.); (C.P.d.S.)
| | - Clesivan Pereira dos Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Environmental Sciences, Center of Sciences of Chapadinha, Federal University of Maranhão, Chapadinha 65500-000, Maranhão, Brazil; (É.S.d.A.); (C.P.d.S.)
| | - Enéas Gomes-Filho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60451-970, Ceará, Brazil; (J.H.C.); (E.G.-F.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rai GK, Khanday DM, Kumar P, Magotra I, Choudhary SM, Kosser R, Kalunke R, Giordano M, Corrado G, Rouphael Y, Pandey S. Enhancing Crop Resilience to Drought Stress through CRISPR-Cas9 Genome Editing. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2306. [PMID: 37375931 DOI: 10.3390/plants12122306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
With increasing frequency and severity of droughts in various parts of the world, agricultural productivity may suffer major setbacks. Among all the abiotic factors, drought is likely to have one of the most detrimental effects on soil organisms and plants. Drought is a major problem for crops because it limits the availability of water, and consequently nutrients which are crucial for plant growth and survival. This results in reduced crop yields, stunted growth, and even plant death, according to the severity and duration of the drought, the plant's developmental stage, and the plant's genetic background. The ability to withstand drought is a highly complex characteristic that is controlled by multiple genes, making it one of the most challenging attributes to study, classify, and improve. Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat (CRISPR) technology has opened a new frontier in crop enhancement, revolutionizing plant molecular breeding. The current review provides a general understanding of principles as well as optimization of CRISPR system, and presents applications on genetic enhancement of crops, specifically in terms of drought resistance and yield. Moreover, we discuss how innovative genome editing techniques can aid in the identification and modification of genes conferring drought tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gyanendra Kumar Rai
- School of Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Jammu 180009, India
| | - Danish Mushtaq Khanday
- Division of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Jammu 180009, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Division of Integrated Farming System, ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur 342003, India
| | - Isha Magotra
- School of Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Jammu 180009, India
| | - Sadiya M Choudhary
- School of Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Jammu 180009, India
| | - Rafia Kosser
- School of Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Jammu 180009, India
| | - Raviraj Kalunke
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
| | - Maria Giordano
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giandomenico Corrado
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Sudhakar Pandey
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Krishi Anusandhan Bhavan II, New Delhi 110012, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mehmandar MN, Rasouli F, Giglou MT, Zahedi SM, Hassanpouraghdam MB, Aazami MA, Tajaragh RP, Ryant P, Mlcek J. Polyethylene Glycol and Sorbitol-Mediated In Vitro Screening for Drought Stress as an Efficient and Rapid Tool to Reach the Tolerant Cucumis melo L. Genotypes. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:870. [PMID: 36840218 PMCID: PMC9967323 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
An efficient method to instantly assess drought-tolerant plants after germination is using osmoregulation in tissue culture media. In this study, the responses of three Iranian melon genotypes to sorbitol (0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 M) or polyethylene glycol (PEG) (0.009, 0.012, and 0.015 M) were evaluated as drought stress simulators in MS medium. 'Girke' (GIR), 'Ghobadloo' (GHO), and 'Toghermezi' (TOG) were the genotypes. GIR is reputed as a drought-tolerant genotype in Iran. The PEG or sorbitol decreased the coleoptile length, fresh weight, and photosynthetic pigments content while enhancing proline and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents. Protein content and antioxidant enzyme activity were utterly dependent on genotype, osmotic regulators, and their concentration. Coleoptile length, root and shoot fresh weight, root dry weight, proline and MDA content, and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) activity can be used as indicators for in vitro screening of Cucumis melo L. genotypes. The results showed that sorbitol mimics drought stress better than PEG. Overall, our findings suggest that in vitro screening could be an accurate, rapid, and reliable methodology for evaluating and identifying drought-tolerant genotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Nekoee Mehmandar
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh 5518779842, Iran
| | - Farzad Rasouli
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh 5518779842, Iran
| | - Mousa Torabi Giglou
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil 5619911367, Iran
| | - Seyed Morteza Zahedi
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh 5518779842, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Ali Aazami
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh 5518779842, Iran
| | - Rana Panahi Tajaragh
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh 5518779842, Iran
| | - Pavel Ryant
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriScience, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Mlcek
- Department of Food Analysis and Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Vavreckova 5669, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Biotechnological Interventions in Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum) for Drought Stress Tolerance: Achievements and Future Prospects. BIOTECH (BASEL (SWITZERLAND)) 2022; 11:biotech11040048. [PMID: 36278560 PMCID: PMC9624322 DOI: 10.3390/biotech11040048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Tomato production is severely affected by abiotic stresses (drought, flood, heat, and salt) and causes approximately 70% loss in yield depending on severity and duration of the stress. Drought is the most destructive abiotic stress and tomato is very sensitive to the drought stress, as cultivated tomato lack novel gene(s) for drought stress tolerance. Only 20% of agricultural land worldwide is irrigated, and only 14.51% of that is well-irrigated, while the rest is rain fed. This scenario makes drought very frequent, which restricts the genetically predetermined yield. Primarily, drought disturbs tomato plant physiology by altering plant–water relation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Many wild tomato species have drought tolerance gene(s); however, their exploitation is very difficult because of high genetic distance and pre- and post-transcriptional barriers for embryo development. To overcome these issues, biotechnological methods, including transgenic technology and CRISPR-Cas, are used to enhance drought tolerance in tomato. Transgenic technology permitted the exploitation of non-host gene/s. On the other hand, CRISPR-Cas9 technology facilitated the editing of host tomato gene(s) for drought stress tolerance. The present review provides updated information on biotechnological intervention in tomato for drought stress management and sustainable agriculture.
Collapse
|
10
|
Alhajhoj MR, Munir M, Sudhakar B, Ali-Dinar HM, Iqbal Z. Common and novel metabolic pathways related ESTs were upregulated in three date palm cultivars to ameliorate drought stress. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15027. [PMID: 36056140 PMCID: PMC9440037 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19399-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Date palm is an important staple crop in Saudi Arabia, and about 400 different date palm cultivars grown here, only 50-60 of them are used commercially. The most popular and commercially consumed cultivars of these are Khalas, Reziz, and Sheshi, which are also widely cultivated across the country. Date palm is high water-demanding crop in oasis agriculture, with an inherent ability to tolerate drought stress. However, the mechanisms by which it tolerates drought stress, especially at the transcriptomic level, are still elusive. This study appraised the physiological and molecular response of three commercial date palm cultivars Khalas, Reziz, and Sheshi at two different field capacities (FC; 100% and 25%) levels. At 25% FC (drought stress), leaf relative water content, chlorophyll, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and transpiration were significantly reduced. However, leaf intercellular CO2 concentration and water use efficiency increased under drought stress. In comparison to cvs. Khalas and Reziz, date palm cv. Sheshi showed less tolerance to drought stress. A total of 1118 drought-responsive expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were sequenced, 345 from Khalas, 391 from Reziz, and 382 from Sheshi and subjected to functional characterization, gene ontology classification, KEGG pathways elucidation, and enzyme codes dissemination. Three date palm cultivars deployed a multivariate approach to ameliorate drought stress by leveraging common and indigenous molecular, cellular, biological, structural, transcriptional and reproductive mechanisms. Approximately 50% of the annotated ESTs were related to photosynthesis regulation, photosynthetic structure, signal transduction, auxin biosynthesis, osmoregulation, stomatal conductance, protein synthesis/turnover, active transport of solutes, and cell structure modulation. Along with the annotated ESTs, ca. 45% of ESTs were novel. Conclusively, the study provides novel clues and opens the myriads of genetic resources to understand the fine-tuned drought amelioration mechanisms in date palm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Refdan Alhajhoj
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, PO Box 31982, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Munir
- Date Palm Research Center of Excellence, King Faisal University, PO Box 31982, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Balakrishnan Sudhakar
- Date Palm Research Center of Excellence, King Faisal University, PO Box 31982, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Muzzamil Ali-Dinar
- Date Palm Research Center of Excellence, King Faisal University, PO Box 31982, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zafar Iqbal
- Central Laboratories, King Faisal University, PO Box 31982, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chevilly S, Dolz-Edo L, Martínez-Sánchez G, Morcillo L, Vilagrosa A, López-Nicolás JM, Blanca J, Yenush L, Mulet JM. Distinctive Traits for Drought and Salt Stress Tolerance in Melon ( Cucumis melo L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:777060. [PMID: 34804107 PMCID: PMC8600367 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.777060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Melon (Cucumis melo L.) is a crop with important agronomic interest worldwide. Because of the increase of drought and salinity in many cultivation areas as a result of anthropogenic global warming, the obtention of varieties tolerant to these conditions is a major objective for agronomical improvement. The identification of the limiting factors for stress tolerance could help to define the objectives and the traits which could be improved by classical breeding or other techniques. With this objective, we have characterized, at the physiological and biochemical levels, two different cultivars (sensitive or tolerant) of two different melon varieties (Galia and Piel de Sapo) under controlled drought or salt stress. We have performed physiological measurements, a complete amino acid profile and we have determined the sodium, potassium and hormone concentrations. This has allowed us to determine that the distinctive general trait for salt tolerance in melon are the levels of phenylalanine, histidine, proline and the Na+/K+ ratio, while the distinctive traits for drought tolerance are the hydric potential, isoleucine, glycine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, serine, and asparagine. These could be useful markers for breeding strategies or to predict which varieties are likely perform better under drought or salt stress. Our study has also allowed us to identify which metabolites and physiological traits are differentially regulated upon salt and drought stress between different varieties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Chevilly
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Dolz-Edo
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gema Martínez-Sánchez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
| | - Luna Morcillo
- Fundación Centro de Estudios Ambientales del Mediterráneo, Joint Research Unit University of Alicante–Centro de Estudios Ambientales del Mediterráneo (CEAM), University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Alberto Vilagrosa
- Fundación Centro de Estudios Ambientales del Mediterráneo, Joint Research Unit University of Alicante–Centro de Estudios Ambientales del Mediterráneo (CEAM), University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - José M. López-Nicolás
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular-A, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - José Blanca
- Instituto Universitario de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, COMAV, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Lynne Yenush
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
| | - José M. Mulet
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Krishna R, Ansari WA, Jaiswal DK, Singh AK, Prasad R, Verma JP, Singh M. Overexpression of AtDREB1 and BcZAT12 genes confers drought tolerance by reducing oxidative stress in double transgenic tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021. [PMID: 34091725 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2021.104396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Double transgenic tomato developed by AtDREB1A and BcZAT12 genes pyramiding showed significant drought tolerance by reducing oxidative stress with enhanced yield. Although a large number of efforts have been made by different researchers to develop abiotic stress tolerance tomato for improving yield using single gene, however, no reports are available which targets AtDREB1 and BcZAT12 genes together. Hence, in the present study, double transgenic plants were developed using AtDREB1 and BcZAT12 genes to improve yield potential with better drought tolerance. Double transgenic (DZ1-DZ5) tomato lines showed enhanced drought tolerance than their counterpart non-transgenic and single transgenic plants at 0, 07, 14, and 21 days of water deficit, respectively. Double transgenic plants showed increased activity of antioxidant enzymes, like catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) and guaiacol peroxidase (POD), and accumulation of non-enzymatic antioxidants like ascorbic acid, glutathione as compared to non-transgenic and single transgenic. Additionally, the transcript analysis of antioxidant enzymes revealed the increased level of gene expression in double transgenic tomato lines. Developed double-transgenic tomato plants co-over-expressing both genes exhibited more enzymatic and non-enzymatic anti-oxidative activities as compared to the non-transgenic and single transgenic control, respectively. This is the preliminary report in tomato, which forms the basis for a multigene transgenic approach to cope with drought stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ram Krishna
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
- Division of Vegetable Improvement, ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, 221305, India
| | - Waquar Akhter Ansari
- Division of Vegetable Improvement, ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, 221305, India
| | - Durgesh Kumar Jaiswal
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Achuit Kumar Singh
- Division of Vegetable Improvement, ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, 221305, India
| | - Ram Prasad
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari, East Champaran, Bihar, 845401, India
| | - Jay Prakash Verma
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
| | - Major Singh
- ICAR-Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Rajgurunagar, Pune, 410505, India.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Krishna R, Ansari WA, Jaiswal DK, Singh AK, Prasad R, Verma JP, Singh M. Overexpression of AtDREB1 and BcZAT12 genes confers drought tolerance by reducing oxidative stress in double transgenic tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:2173-2190. [PMID: 34091725 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02725-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Double transgenic tomato developed by AtDREB1A and BcZAT12 genes pyramiding showed significant drought tolerance by reducing oxidative stress with enhanced yield. Although a large number of efforts have been made by different researchers to develop abiotic stress tolerance tomato for improving yield using single gene, however, no reports are available which targets AtDREB1 and BcZAT12 genes together. Hence, in the present study, double transgenic plants were developed using AtDREB1 and BcZAT12 genes to improve yield potential with better drought tolerance. Double transgenic (DZ1-DZ5) tomato lines showed enhanced drought tolerance than their counterpart non-transgenic and single transgenic plants at 0, 07, 14, and 21 days of water deficit, respectively. Double transgenic plants showed increased activity of antioxidant enzymes, like catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) and guaiacol peroxidase (POD), and accumulation of non-enzymatic antioxidants like ascorbic acid, glutathione as compared to non-transgenic and single transgenic. Additionally, the transcript analysis of antioxidant enzymes revealed the increased level of gene expression in double transgenic tomato lines. Developed double-transgenic tomato plants co-over-expressing both genes exhibited more enzymatic and non-enzymatic anti-oxidative activities as compared to the non-transgenic and single transgenic control, respectively. This is the preliminary report in tomato, which forms the basis for a multigene transgenic approach to cope with drought stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ram Krishna
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
- Division of Vegetable Improvement, ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, 221305, India
| | - Waquar Akhter Ansari
- Division of Vegetable Improvement, ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, 221305, India
| | - Durgesh Kumar Jaiswal
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Achuit Kumar Singh
- Division of Vegetable Improvement, ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, 221305, India
| | - Ram Prasad
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari, East Champaran, Bihar, 845401, India
| | - Jay Prakash Verma
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
| | - Major Singh
- ICAR-Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Rajgurunagar, Pune, 410505, India.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chu X, Gugger PF, Li L, Zhao J, Li Q. Responses of an endemic species (
Roscoea humeana
) in the Hengduan Mountains to climate change. DIVERS DISTRIB 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Chu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology Yunnan University Kunming China
- Laboratory of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio‐Resources in Yunnan Yunnan University Kunming China
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science Yunnan University Kunming China
| | - Paul F. Gugger
- Appalachian Laboratory University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science Frostburg MD USA
- Ronin Institute Montclair NJ USA
| | - Li Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology Yunnan University Kunming China
- Laboratory of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio‐Resources in Yunnan Yunnan University Kunming China
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science Yunnan University Kunming China
| | - Jian‐Li Zhao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology Yunnan University Kunming China
- Laboratory of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio‐Resources in Yunnan Yunnan University Kunming China
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science Yunnan University Kunming China
| | - Qing‐Jun Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology Yunnan University Kunming China
- Laboratory of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio‐Resources in Yunnan Yunnan University Kunming China
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science Yunnan University Kunming China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang W, Zhang X, Zhang J, Li W, Xiong X, Wang X, Yang J, Guo B, Huang C. Clinical Analysis and Proteomic Screening Biomarkers for Graft-Versus-Host Disease After Liver Transplant. EXP CLIN TRANSPLANT 2021; 19:1048-1057. [PMID: 34269649 DOI: 10.6002/ect.2021.0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Graft-versus-host disease is a serious, fatal complication following liver transplantation. The diagnosis is challenging, owing to nonspecific clinical features and invasive procedures. High-throughput proteomics could provide an effective approach to identifying potential serum biomarkers for graft-versus-host disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the clinical information of 3 patients with graft-versus-host disease treated at our center from 2016 to 2018. We compared serum samples from the 3 patients with the disease, patients with excellent posttransplant outcomes, and healthy controls using mass spectrometry-based proteomics in discovery study. Probable peptides were further identified by a tandem mass spectrometry system and verified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Of 343 patients, 3 patients (0.875%) had graft-versus-host disease. Two of these patients died of sepsis and multiorgan failure despite intensive therapy. We observed no correlation between severity of clinical manifestation and prognosis; however, the patients with graft-versus-host disease had early onset and infection and showed worse outcome. Serum peptidome profiling showed 65 differentially expressed peaks among the 3 groups; the 2 peptides with the most significant changes (m/z values of 1950.29 and 2088.16) were further sequenced and identified as ATP citrate lyase and fibrinogen alpha chain. Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that both peptides gradually decreased among all groups. CONCLUSIONS Graft-versus-host disease is a complication of organ and tissue transplantation with a high mortality rate. Our identification of potential biomarkers for graft-versus-host disease associated with liver transplant may aid in diagnosis and help to reduce patient mortality in those cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Wang
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Health Science Center, Xi'an, PR China.,From the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Khan R, Ma X, Zhang J, Wu X, Iqbal A, Wu Y, Zhou L, Wang S. Circular drought-hardening confers drought tolerance via modulation of the antioxidant defense system, osmoregulation, and gene expression in tobacco. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:1073-1088. [PMID: 33755204 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress hinders the growth and development of crop plants and ultimately its productivity. It is expected that drought stress will be frequent and intense in the future due to drastic changes in the global climate. It is necessary to make crop plants more resilient to drought stress through various techniques; drought-hardening is one of them. Defining various metabolic strategies used by tobacco plants to confer drought tolerance will be important for maintaining plant physiological functions, but studies addressing this topic are limited. This study was designed to elucidate the drought tolerance and adaptation strategies used by tobacco plants via the application of different circular drought-hardening cycles (control: no drought-hardening, T1: one cycle of drought hardening, T2: two cycles of drought-hardening, and T3: three cycles of drought-hardening) to two tobacco varieties namely Honghuadajinyuan (H) and Yun Yan-100 (Y). The results revealed that drought-hardening decreased the fresh and dry biomass of the tobacco plants. The decrease was more pronounced in the T3 treatment for both H (23 and 29%, respectively) and Y (26 and 31%, respectively) under drought stress. The MDA contents, especially in T1 and T2 in both varieties, were statistically similar compared with control under drought stress. Similarly, higher POD, APX, and GR activities were observed, especially in T3, and elevated amounts of AsA and GSH were also observed among the different circular drought-hardening treatments under drought stress. Thus circular drought-hardening mitigated the oxidative damage by increasing the antioxidant enzyme activities and elevated the content of antioxidant substances, a key metabolic strategy under drought stress. Similarly, another important plant metabolic strategy is the osmotic adjustment. Different circular drought-hardening treatments improved the accumulation of proline and soluble sugars contents which contributed to osmoregulation. Finally, at the molecular level, circular drought-hardening improved the transcript levels of antioxidant enzyme-related genes (CAT, APX1, and GR2), proline and polyamines biosynthesis-related genes (P5CS1 and ADC2), and ABA signaling (SnRK2), and transcription factors (AREB1 and WRKY6) in response to drought stress. As a result, circular drought-hardening (T2 and T3 treatments) promoted tolerance to water stress via affecting the anti-oxidative capacity, osmotic adjustment, and regulation of gene expression in tobacco.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rayyan Khan
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinghua Ma
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoying Wu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Anas Iqbal
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Farming System, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yuanhua Wu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shusheng Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Citron Watermelon Potential to Improve Crop Diversification and Reduce Negative Impacts of Climate Change. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13042269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Citron watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides (L.H. Bailey) Mansf. ex Greb.) is an underexploited and under-researched crop species with the potential to contribute to crop diversification in Sub-Saharan Africa. The species is cultivated in the drier parts of Southern Africa, mainly by smallholder farmers who maintain a wide range of landrace varieties. Understanding the molecular and morpho-physiological basis for drought adaptation in citron watermelon under these dry environments can aid in the identification of suitable traits for drought-tolerance breeding and improve food system resilience among smallholder farmers, thus adding to crop diversification. This paper reviews the literature on drought adaptation of Citrullus lanatus spp. (C3 xerophytes), using the systematic review approach. The review discusses the potential role of citron watermelon in adding to crop diversification, alternative food uses, and potential by-products that can be processed from the crop, and it analyzes the role of Sub-Saharan African farmers play as key actors in conserving citron watermelon germplasm and biodiversity. Finally, the review provides a summary of significant findings and identifies critical knowledge gaps for further research.
Collapse
|
18
|
Ansari WA, Atri N, Yang L, Singh B, Pandey S. Genetic diversity in muskmelon based on SSR markers and morphological traits under well-watered and water-deficit condition. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|