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Renga G, Pariano M, D'Onofrio F, Pieraccini G, Di Serio C, Villella VR, Abbate C, Puccetti M, Giovagnoli S, Stincardini C, Bellet MM, Ricci M, Costantini C, Oikonomou V, Romani L. The immune and microbial homeostasis determines the Candida-mast cells cross-talk in celiac disease. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302441. [PMID: 38719750 PMCID: PMC11079604 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune enteropathy resulting from an interaction between diet, genome, and immunity. Although many patients respond to a gluten-free diet, in a substantive number of individuals, the intestinal injury persists. Thus, other factors might amplify the ongoing inflammation. Candida albicans is a commensal fungus that is well adapted to the intestinal life. However, specific conditions increase Candida pathogenicity. The hypothesis that Candida may be a trigger in CD has been proposed after the observation of similarity between a fungal wall component and two CD-related gliadin T-cell epitopes. However, despite being implicated in intestinal disorders, Candida may also protect against immune pathologies highlighting a more intriguing role in the gut. Herein, we postulated that a state of chronic inflammation associated with microbial dysbiosis and leaky gut are favorable conditions that promote C. albicans pathogenicity eventually contributing to CD pathology via a mast cells (MC)-IL-9 axis. However, the restoration of immune and microbial homeostasis promotes a beneficial C. albicans-MC cross-talk favoring the attenuation of CD pathology to alleviate CD pathology and symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Renga
- https://ror.org/00x27da85 Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marilena Pariano
- https://ror.org/00x27da85 Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Fiorella D'Onofrio
- https://ror.org/00x27da85 Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Claudia Di Serio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Valeria Rachela Villella
- European Institute for Research in Cystic Fibrosis (IERFC-Onlus), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Abbate
- European Institute for Research in Cystic Fibrosis (IERFC-Onlus), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Puccetti
- https://ror.org/00x27da85 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Giovagnoli
- https://ror.org/00x27da85 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Claudia Stincardini
- https://ror.org/00x27da85 Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marina Maria Bellet
- https://ror.org/00x27da85 Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ricci
- https://ror.org/00x27da85 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Claudio Costantini
- https://ror.org/00x27da85 Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Vasileios Oikonomou
- https://ror.org/00x27da85 Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Luigina Romani
- https://ror.org/00x27da85 Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Xu F, Gao J, Orgil BO, Bajpai AK, Gu Q, Purevjav E, Davenport AS, Li K, Towbin JA, Black DD, Pierre JF, Lu L. Ace2 and Tmprss2 Expressions Are Regulated by Dhx32 and Influence the Gastrointestinal Symptoms Caused by SARS-CoV-2. J Pers Med 2021; 11:1212. [PMID: 34834564 PMCID: PMC8621576 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11111212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies showed that the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is one of the most important pathways for SARS-CoV-2 infection and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). As SARS-CoV-2 cellular entry depends on the ACE2 receptor and TMPRSS2 priming of the spike protein, it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms through which these two proteins and their cognate transcripts interact and influence the pathogenesis of COVID-19. In this study, we quantified the expression, associations, genetic modulators, and molecular pathways for Tmprss2 and Ace2 mRNA expressions in GI tissues using a systems genetics approach and the expanded family of highly diverse BXD mouse strains. The results showed that both Tmprss2 and Ace2 are highly expressed in GI tissues with significant covariation. We identified a significant expression quantitative trait locus on chromosome 7 that controls the expression of both Tmprss2 and Ace2. Dhx32 was found to be the strongest candidate in this interval. Co-expression network analysis demonstrated that both Tmprss2 and Ace2 were located at the same module that is significantly associated with other GI-related traits. Protein-protein interaction analysis indicated that hub genes in this module are linked to circadian rhythms. Collectively, our data suggested that genes with circadian rhythms of expression may have an impact on COVID-19 disease, with implications related to the timing and treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyi Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China;
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (J.G.); (A.K.B.); (Q.G.); (A.S.D.)
| | - Jun Gao
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (J.G.); (A.K.B.); (Q.G.); (A.S.D.)
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Buyan-Ochir Orgil
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (B.-O.O.); (E.P.); (J.A.T.); (D.D.B.)
- Children’s Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital Memphis, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | - Akhilesh Kumar Bajpai
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (J.G.); (A.K.B.); (Q.G.); (A.S.D.)
| | - Qingqing Gu
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (J.G.); (A.K.B.); (Q.G.); (A.S.D.)
| | - Enkhsaikhan Purevjav
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (B.-O.O.); (E.P.); (J.A.T.); (D.D.B.)
- Children’s Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital Memphis, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | - Athena S. Davenport
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (J.G.); (A.K.B.); (Q.G.); (A.S.D.)
| | - Kui Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA;
| | - Jeffrey A. Towbin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (B.-O.O.); (E.P.); (J.A.T.); (D.D.B.)
- Children’s Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital Memphis, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
- Pediatric Cardiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Dennis D. Black
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (B.-O.O.); (E.P.); (J.A.T.); (D.D.B.)
- Children’s Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital Memphis, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | - Joseph F. Pierre
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (B.-O.O.); (E.P.); (J.A.T.); (D.D.B.)
- Children’s Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital Memphis, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (J.G.); (A.K.B.); (Q.G.); (A.S.D.)
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3
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Bubier JA, Chesler EJ, Weinstock GM. Host genetic control of gut microbiome composition. Mamm Genome 2021; 32:263-281. [PMID: 34159422 PMCID: PMC8295090 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-021-09884-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome plays a significant role in health and disease, and there is mounting evidence indicating that the microbial composition is regulated in part by host genetics. Heritability estimates for microbial abundance in mice and humans range from (0.05-0.45), indicating that 5-45% of inter-individual variation can be explained by genetics. Through twin studies, genetic association studies, systems genetics, and genome-wide association studies (GWAS), hundreds of specific host genetic loci have been shown to associate with the abundance of discrete gut microbes. Using genetically engineered knock-out mice, at least 30 specific genes have now been validated as having specific effects on the microbiome. The relationships among of host genetics, microbiome composition, and abundance, and disease is now beginning to be unraveled through experiments designed to test causality. The genetic control of disease and its relationship to the microbiome can manifest in multiple ways. First, a genetic variant may directly cause the disease phenotype, resulting in an altered microbiome as a consequence of the disease phenotype. Second, a genetic variant may alter gene expression in the host, which in turn alters the microbiome, producing the disease phenotype. Finally, the genetic variant may alter the microbiome directly, which can result in the disease phenotype. In order to understand the processes that underlie the onset and progression of certain diseases, future research must take into account the relationship among host genetics, microbiome, and disease phenotype, and the resources needed to study these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Bubier
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA.
| | - Elissa J Chesler
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA
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Ashbrook DG, Arends D, Prins P, Mulligan MK, Roy S, Williams EG, Lutz CM, Valenzuela A, Bohl CJ, Ingels JF, McCarty MS, Centeno AG, Hager R, Auwerx J, Lu L, Williams RW. A platform for experimental precision medicine: The extended BXD mouse family. Cell Syst 2021; 12:235-247.e9. [PMID: 33472028 PMCID: PMC7979527 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The challenge of precision medicine is to model complex interactions among DNA variants, phenotypes, development, environments, and treatments. We address this challenge by expanding the BXD family of mice to 140 fully isogenic strains, creating a uniquely powerful model for precision medicine. This family segregates for 6 million common DNA variants-a level that exceeds many human populations. Because each member can be replicated, heritable traits can be mapped with high power and precision. Current BXD phenomes are unsurpassed in coverage and include much omics data and thousands of quantitative traits. BXDs can be extended by a single-generation cross to as many as 19,460 isogenic F1 progeny, and this extended BXD family is an effective platform for testing causal modeling and for predictive validation. BXDs are a unique core resource for the field of experimental precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Ashbrook
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
| | - Danny Arends
- Lebenswissenschaftliche Fakultät, Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institut, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstraße 42, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Pjotr Prins
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Megan K Mulligan
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Suheeta Roy
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Evan G Williams
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, Université du Luxembourg, L-4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Cathleen M Lutz
- Mouse Repository and the Rare and Orphan Disease Center, the Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Alicia Valenzuela
- Mouse Repository and the Rare and Orphan Disease Center, the Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Casey J Bohl
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Jesse F Ingels
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Melinda S McCarty
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Arthur G Centeno
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Reinmar Hager
- Division of Evolution & Genomic Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
| | - Robert W Williams
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
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