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Tinsae T, Shumet S, Melkam M, Segon T, Medfu Takelle G, Rtbey G, Nakie G, Fentahun S, Andualem F, Getinet W. Psychiatric comorbidity in people with epilepsy in Ethiopia: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Epilepsy Behav 2024; 152:109648. [PMID: 38277847 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2024.109648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychiatric comorbidity is a double burden among people with epilepsy. Since people with epilepsy are more vulnerable to psychiatric illnesses. So, the implementation of an appropriate intervention to minimize the double burden of comorbidity is very important. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of psychiatric comorbidity among people with epilepsy in Ethiopia. METHODS This systematic review and meta-analysis followed the Preferred Reporting Item Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guideline. Searching databases were PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and HINARI.The quality of the included articles was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). The pooled meta-logistic regression was computed to estimate the pooled prevalence and the risk factors with a 95% CI. RESULTS The pooled prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity in people with epilepsy was 34.69 % (95 % CI: 29.27, 40.10). Frequent seizures (POR = 2.94: 95 % CI: 1.08, 8.00) and a history of divorce (POR = 2.00: 95 % CI: 1.09, 3.81) were associated factors of psychiatric comorbidity in people with epilepsy. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review and meta-analysis revealed that the pooled prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity among people with epilepsy was found to be higher compared with the general population. Therefore, among people with epilepsy, parallel psychiatric evaluation is very important along with neurological evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Techilo Tinsae
- University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Psychiatry, Ethiopia.
| | - Shegaye Shumet
- University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Psychiatry, Ethiopia.
| | - Mamaru Melkam
- University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Psychiatry, Ethiopia.
| | - Tesfaye Segon
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Science, Mettu University, Mettu, Ethiopia.
| | - Girmaw Medfu Takelle
- University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Psychiatry, Ethiopia.
| | - Gidey Rtbey
- University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Psychiatry, Ethiopia.
| | - Girum Nakie
- University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Psychiatry, Ethiopia.
| | - Setegn Fentahun
- University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Psychiatry, Ethiopia.
| | - Fantahun Andualem
- University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Psychiatry, Ethiopia.
| | - Wondale Getinet
- University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Psychiatry, Ethiopia.
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Tareke M, Bayeh AB, Birhanu M, Belete A. Psychological distress among people living with chronic medical illness and the general population, Northwest Ethiopia: A comparative cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278235. [PMID: 36454896 PMCID: PMC9714906 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychological distress is often linked to and negatively affects the outcomes of chronic medical conditions; however, data on psychological distress and its predictors among individuals with chronic medical illnesses are scarce in developing countries like Ethiopia. The main objective of this study was to assess the magnitude and predictors of psychological distress among people living with chronic medical illness and the general population. METHODS A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in Mecha demographic research center, Northwest Ethiopia. The participants were selected from the general population and outpatient departments. Kessler-10 (K-10) was used to assess psychological distress. RESULT The magnitude of psychological distress among people living with chronic medical illness and those from the general population was 62.0% and 35.1%, respectively. The odds of psychological distress in people living with chronic medical illness was three times more than the one in the general population. Divorced marital status, family history of chronic medical illness, and low social support were statistically significantly associated with psychological distress in both groups. CONCLUSION The magnitude of psychological distress was significantly higher among people living with chronic medical illness. Routine screening of such cases for psychological distress during their visits for their medical illness helps take appropriate therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minale Tareke
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Agegnehu Berie Bayeh
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Minyichil Birhanu
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Amsalu Belete
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
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Bantie GM, Woya AA, Ayenew GM, Ayalew AF, Berneh AA. Magnitude of common mental disorders and associated factors among patients with Epilepsy in Amhara regional state, Northwest Ethiopia. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:674. [PMID: 36319991 PMCID: PMC9623916 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04314-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Common mental disorders are severe and frequent co-morbid psychiatric illnesses with epilepsy. Different study findings across the world showed that patients with epilepsy have a higher burden of mental disorders than the general population. However, these issues in patients with epilepsy have been consistently undiagnosed. OBJECTIVES The study aimed to screen common mental disorders and the determinants among patients with epilepsy attending at Fenote Selam hospital. METHODS An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among patients with Epilepsy from March 10 to May 15, 2019. Patients were assessed for the risk of common mental disorders using a pretested, structured, self-reporting questionnaire (SRQ-20). The collected data were entered into Epi-data version 3.1 software and analyzed using R version 4.0 software. Descriptive statistics were computed using frequency, percent, mean, and standard deviations. A simple logistic regression model was fit to identify the association and strength of exploratory variables and common mental disorders at a 95% confidence interval and p-value < 0.05. RESULTS The study included 202 patients diagnosed with epilepsy and yielded a response of 91.4%. About 53% of the patients were males. The magnitude of common mental disorders among patients with epilepsy was 57.9% (95% CI: 44.56, 71.24). Being more than one substance user (AOR = 5.7; 95%CI: 1.6, 20.7) and Not having social support (AOR = 4.3; 95%CI: 1.5, 11.9) were the identified determinants of common mental disorders. CONCLUSION The magnitude of common mental disorders among patients with epilepsy were high. Not having social support and khat chewing were the identified risk factors significantly associated with common mental disorders. Early screening and treatments are the key interventions to prevent complications and deaths from common mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getasew Mulat Bantie
- Amhara National Regional State Public Health Institute, Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia. .,Alkan Health Science Business and Technology College, Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia.
| | - Ashenafi Abate Woya
- grid.442845.b0000 0004 0439 5951Department of statistics, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Girum Meseret Ayenew
- grid.512241.1Amhara National Regional State Public Health Institute, Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia ,grid.442845.b0000 0004 0439 5951Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Agumas Fentahun Ayalew
- College of Health Science, Department of Epidemiology, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia
| | - Abraham Amsalu Berneh
- grid.512241.1Amhara National Regional State Public Health Institute, Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia
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Legas G, Beyene GM, Asnakew S, Belete A, Shumet S, Selomon Tibebu N, Sisay Chanie E, Tigabu A, Abate MW, Birhanu Nigat A, Munye T. Magnitude and predictors of common mental disorders among residents in south Gondar Zone, Northwest Ethiopia: a community-based, cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:322. [PMID: 35513829 PMCID: PMC9074186 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-03966-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Common mental disorders such as depression, anxiety, and somatic symptoms are a major public health concern because it is prevalent and chronic, and its impact on physical health, psychological and economic consequences is very serious. Evidence on the prevalence and predictors of common mental disorders is very limited in Ethiopia. This study aims to determine the prevalence and associated factors with common mental disorders. METHODS A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 731 south Gondar zone residents recruited with a multistage sampling method. Data were collected by face-to-face interviews on socio-demographic, clinical, and psychosocial factors. Common mental disorders (CMD) were assessed using a self-reporting questionnaire (SRQ-20). A-List of Threatening Experiences and the Oslo social support instruments were used to identify the factors. We used bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regressions to identify factors associated with common mental disorders. Statistical significance was declared at P-value < 0.05. RESULTS The prevalence of common mental disorders over the last four weeks was found to be 29.7% with 95% of confidence interval (CI) (26.4-33.1). After adjusting possible confounders, female sex, [AOR = 2.47, 95% CI (1.68, 3.62)], poor social support [AOR = 2.34, 95% CI (1.50, 3.64)], family history of mental illness [AOR = 2.15, (1.32-3.51)], rural resident [AOR = 2.01, 95% CI (1.35, 3.01)], current use of khat [AOR = 1.69, 95% CI (1 0.07, 2.64)] current use of tobacco (AOR = 1.71, 95% CI (1.04-2.84) and unemployment [AOR = 1.762, 95% CI; 1.193, 2.602)] were significantly associated with common mental disorders. CONCLUSION The prevalence of common mental disorders was high, especially in Female sex, current substance use (khat chewing (leaves) and tobacco smoking), unemployment, rural residence, family history mental illness, and poor social support are the main determinants of common mental disorders. Early detection and appropriate intervention for common mental disorders in the community level should be promoted. Governmental strategies should be focused on implementing substance rehabilitation centers to treat Khat and tobacco might be helpful to minimize the burden of CMD in Ethiopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getasew Legas
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
| | - Getnet Mihretie Beyene
- grid.510430.3Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Sintayehu Asnakew
- grid.510430.3Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Amsalu Belete
- grid.510430.3Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Shegaye Shumet
- grid.59547.3a0000 0000 8539 4635Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Nigusie Selomon Tibebu
- grid.510430.3Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Health Science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Ermias Sisay Chanie
- grid.510430.3Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Health Science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Agimasie Tigabu
- grid.510430.3Department of Adult Health Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Moges Wubneh Abate
- grid.510430.3Department of Adult Health Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Adane Birhanu Nigat
- grid.510430.3Department of Adult Health Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Tigabu Munye
- grid.510430.3Department of Adult Health Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
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Malik NI, Fatima R, Ullah I, Atta M, Awan A, Nashwan AJ, Ahmed S. Perceived stigma, discrimination and psychological problems among patients with epilepsy. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1000870. [PMID: 36440406 PMCID: PMC9681901 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1000870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study sought to investigate the effects of perceived stigma and discrimination on epilepsy patients' psychological problems, such as depression, anxiety, and quality of life. STUDY DESIGN A purposive sampling technique was used in this cross-sectional study. MATERIALS AND METHODS The sample consisted of 186 patients with epilepsy. The Stigma Scale, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, and Quality of life in Epilepsy-10 were used to measure the study variables. RESULTS Findings showed that both the perception of stigma and discrimination have a significant positive correlation with depression as well as anxiety. Stigma is a significant positive predictor of depression and anxiety at [F (1, 184) = 27.8, 15.92, p < 0.001, 0.001, respectively] and explains 12.7 and 7.5% variance that could be attributed to Stigma. Stigma is also a significant predictor of quality of life at [F (1, 184) = 16.10, p < 0.001] and explains the 7.5% variance that could be attributed to Stigma. Results also indicate that discrimination is a significant positive predictor of depression and anxiety at [F (1, 184) = 32.39, 19.91, p < 0.001] and explains 15 and 9.8 % variance, respectively, that could be attributed to Stigma. However, stigma negatively predicts quality of life at [F (1, 184) = 20.34, p < 0.001] and explains 10 % variance. Non-significant differences were found in all the demographic variables (i.e., gender, socio-economic status, and disease duration), except the quality of life was significantly high among individuals with high Socio-economic status. CONCLUSIONS Stigma is significantly higher in epileptic patients and has a detrimental effect on the patient's quality of life, recovery, and prognosis. Thus, there is undoubtedly a need to address psychological issues, most notably the stigma associated with illnesses. Psychologists, psychiatrists, other physicians, and care givers of epileptic patients must pay close attention to the stigma in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najma Iqbal Malik
- Department of Psychology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Fatima
- Department of Psychology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Irfan Ullah
- Kabir Medical College, Gandhara University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Mohsin Atta
- Department of Psychology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Saeed Ahmed
- Rutland Regional Medical Center, Rutland, VT, United States
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Li P, Lin J, Wu C, Huang S, Zhu S. The impact of social factors, especially psychological worries on anxiety and depression in patients with epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2021; 125:108376. [PMID: 34775247 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2021.108376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social factors are believed to affect mental health in patients with epilepsy (PWE). However, there is still a lack of sufficient manifest proof, given the difficulty of exposing PWE to relatively consistent natural social environments with a low or high level of social interaction to study their significant role. METHODS This single-center, longitudinal study was conducted via online questionnaires during the coronavirus disease 2019. PWE were recruited from downtown Wuhan and surrounding areas. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 were used to assess psychological status. RESULTS We analyzed 588 questionnaires completed by 294 PWE who participated in the dual survey. Under lockdown and reopening, the prevalence of anxiety was 13.6%/22.5%, and the prevalence of depression was 19.4%/34.0%. Raising children and seizure-related characteristics, including uncontrolled seizures, seizure exacerbation, seizure frequency ≥ 2/m, and changes in drug regimen, were risk factors in the first and second surveys. A high education level (OR = 1.946, 95% CI = 1.191-3.182), low life satisfaction (OR = 1.940, 95% CI = 1.007-3.737), worry about unanticipated seizures (OR = 2.147, 95% CI = 1.049-4.309), and worry about purchasing medication outside (OR = 2.063, 95% CI = 1.060-4.016) were risk factors for higher scores after reopening. Worry about unanticipated seizures (OR = 3.012, 95% CI = 1.302-6.965) and in-person medical consultation (OR = 2.319, 95% CI = 1.262-4.261) were related to newly diagnosed patients with psychological disorder after reopening. CONCLUSIONS We identified an association between social variables and epileptic psychiatric comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiahe Lin
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunmei Wu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, China
| | - Shanshan Huang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, China.
| | - Suiqiang Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, China.
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Yazie TS, Kefale B, Molla M. Treatment Outcome of Epileptic Patients Receiving Antiepileptic Drugs in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Behav Neurol 2021; 2021:5586041. [PMID: 34093897 PMCID: PMC8140843 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5586041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence and incidence rate of epilepsy were found to be higher in low- and middle-income countries. Uncontrolled epilepsy has a high risk of disability, stigma, discrimination, human rights violations, and premature death. The available studies of controlled seizure in Ethiopia have showed inconsistent results which calls for systematic review and meta-analysis. Therefore, this review intended to show the pooled prevalence of controlled seizure among people with epilepsy receiving antiepileptic drugs at outpatient department. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed/Medline, Science Direct, PsycINFO, Hinnarri databases, and Google Scholar for grey literatures. Data were extracted with structured format prepared using Microsoft Excel and exported to Stata/MP 16.0 software for analyses. The I 2 test was used to check the heterogeneity between primary studies with a corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS A total of 23 primary studies were included in the review showing the pooled prevalence of controlled seizure to be 46% (95% CI: 35, 56). A subgroup analysis of the primary studies showed a considerable variation in magnitude of seizure freedom by study regions, age groups, and seizure-free period. The highest prevalence was found in Addis Ababa 52% (95% CI: 29, 75), pediatric patients 77% (95% CI: 71, 83), and a seizure-free period of less than six months 58% (95% CI: 32, 83). On the other hand, the lowest prevalence of controlled seizure was found in Tigray 27% (95% CI: 11, 65), adult patients 43% (95% CI: 32, 54), and a seizure-free period of six or more 41% (95% CI: 32, 51). Higher frequency of seizure before treatment (2.23, 95% CI: 1.15, 3.31) and medication nonadherence (2.7, 95% CI: 1.25, 4.15) had statistically significant association with uncontrolled seizure. CONCLUSION In this review, the prevalence of controlled seizure was found to be low. This warrants that clinicians should give more focus to epileptic patients regarding monitoring and evaluation of treatment outcome of epilepsy and factors that affect seizure control in routine clinical services. The use of standardized definition of controlled seizure, designing strategies to identify pharmacoresistant epilepsy and its treatment, and increasing medication adherence are recommended in Ethiopia. The review protocol has been registered with PROSPERO registration number CRD42021215302.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taklo Simeneh Yazie
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, P.O. Box 272, Debre Tabor, Amhara, Ethiopia
| | - Belayneh Kefale
- Clinical Pharmacy Unit and Research Team, Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, P.O. Box 272, Debre Tabor, Amhara, Ethiopia
| | - Mulugeta Molla
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, P.O. Box 272, Debre Tabor, Amhara, Ethiopia
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Lu E, Pyatka N, Burant CJ, Sajatovic M. Systematic Literature Review of Psychiatric Comorbidities in Adults with Epilepsy. J Clin Neurol 2021; 17:176-186. [PMID: 33835737 PMCID: PMC8053555 DOI: 10.3988/jcn.2021.17.2.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Mental illness is disproportionately common in people with epilepsy (PWE). This systematic literature review identified original research articles that reported the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities based upon clinical assessments in a sample of PWE and assessed the clinical features of the populations found in studies included in our review of mental health comorbidity. Methods The included articles were written in English and published from 2008 to 2018, and focused on adults aged ≥18 years who had psychiatric diagnoses determined in clinical assessments, such as those found in medical records, clinician psychiatric evaluations, structured diagnostic interviews, and mental health screening questionnaires specific for a psychiatric disorder. The primary outcome was the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities as a percentage of the total sample of PWE. Additional data included the overall sample size, mean age, epilepsy type, study design, and method of diagnosis. A modified Newcastle Ottawa Scale was used to assess the quality of the studies. All 23 articles that were consistent with the inclusion criteria were related to observational studies. Results Mood disorders and anxiety disorders were the most common psychiatric comorbidities, with prevalence rates of 35.0% and 25.6%, respectively. Major depressive disorder was the most common mood disorder, with a prevalence of 24.2%. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) had the highest reported prevalence among anxiety disorders, at 14.2%, followed by general anxiety disorder at 11.1%. Other comorbidities included psychosis (5.7%), obsessivecompulsive disorder (3.8%), schizophrenia (1.7%), bipolar disorder (6.2%), and substance abuse (7.9%). The pooled prevalence of suicidality, as reported for two studies, was 9.3%. Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) was associated with higher levels of psychiatric comorbidity. Two (8.7%) of the 23 studies compared psychiatric comorbidities in TLE with that of extratemporal lobe epilepsy (ETLE), and one of these two studies found that depression was more common in TLE (53.8%) than in ETLE (25%). Regarding seizure types, partial seizures were associated with a higher prevalence of depression vs generalized seizures. Conclusions This systematic literature review of recent original research found a relatively high prevalence of mental health comorbidities in PWE. Mood and anxiety disorders are the most common comorbidities, while psychotic spectrum conditions such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are much rarer. The prevalence of comorbidity may vary with the epilepsy type and treatment responsiveness. These findings suggest that screening tools for depression and anxiety should be included as part of the training for epilepsy care, while resources for other relatively common conditions such as PTSD and substance abuse disorders should be readily available to neurology specialists who treat PWE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Lu
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Nataliya Pyatka
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Christopher J Burant
- Case Western Reserve University, Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Louis Stokes Cleveland VAMC, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Martha Sajatovic
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Mekuriaw B, Mantefardo B, Molla A, Berhanu G, Mehare T, Belayneh Z. Magnitude, Symptom Presentation and Correlates of Psychological Distress Among People with Epilepsy in Southern Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2020; 16:2143-2151. [PMID: 32982252 PMCID: PMC7509324 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s257143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychological distress is a common co-morbid condition among people with epilepsy. Untreated comorbid psychosocial problems are associated with increased morbidity and health-care costs, and negatively affects treatment outcome of people with epilepsy. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of psychological distress and to identify its associated factors among people with epilepsy attending outpatient treatment in Gedeo zone public hospitals, Southern Ethiopia. PATIENTS AND METHODS This was an institution-based cross-sectional study conducted at Gedeo zone public hospitals from July 1st to October 1st, 2019. Self-reporting questionnaire was used to screen individuals with epilepsy for the presence of co-morbid psychological distress. A face to face interview was conducted among 321 anti-epileptic medication followers. The collected data were entered into Epi-Data version 3.1 and then exported to SPSS version 20 for further analysis. Binary logistic regression was computed to identify factors associated with psychological distress. Statistically, significant association was set at p-values of <0.05 in the final model with a corresponding 95% confidence interval. RESULTS The prevalence of psychological distress was found to be 38.3% with 95% CI (34.1, 42.7) among people with epilepsy attending outpatient follow-up in Gedeo zone public hospitals. Being female [OR=1.57 (95% CI: 1.01-4.80)], uncontrolled seizures [OR=1.96 (95% CI: 1.21-3.18)], and longer duration of illness [OR= 3.16 (95% CI: 1.75-5.73)] were variables found to have statistically significant association with psychological distress. CONCLUSION The findings of this study revealed that more than one-third of people with epilepsy screened positive for psychological distress. Therefore, this demonstrates a need to design and implement programs focusing on the prevention, early screening, and providing appropriate interventions for psychological distress among people with epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birhanie Mekuriaw
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health and Medical Science, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Bahru Mantefardo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Health and Medical Science, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Alemayehu Molla
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health and Medical Science, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Getasew Berhanu
- Department of Statistics, College of Natural and Computational Science, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Tsegaye Mehare
- Biomedical Department, College of Health and Medical Science, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Zelalem Belayneh
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health and Medical Science, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
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Engidaw NA, Abdu Z, Chinani I. Prevalence and associated factors of common mental disorders among residents of Illu Ababore zone, southwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. Int J Ment Health Syst 2020; 14:64. [PMID: 32817756 PMCID: PMC7425137 DOI: 10.1186/s13033-020-00394-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A common mental disorder is characterized by anxiety, depression, and unexplained somatic symptoms that usually encountered in community and primary care settings. Both short and long term bio psychosocial disabilities are inevitable if common mental disorder is not treated. Despite its impact, the prevalence of common mental disorder in the Illu Ababore zone is not well known. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of common mental disorder among Ilu Ababore zone residents, Southwest Ethiopia. Method A community based cross-sectional study was conducted from July 1 to August 30, 2018. A multi-stage sampling technique was applied to recruit participants. Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) was used to assess the presence of common mental disorder. The data were entered into Epidata version 3.1 and analyzed by using SPSS version 23 software. Bivariate and multivariate binary logistic regressions were computed to identify the associated factors. Statistical significance was considered at P value < 0.05. Result A total of 690 participants were enrolled in this study with a response rate of 91.39%. The prevalence of common mental disorder was 27.2% (95% CI, 23.9, 31.0%). Being female (AOR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.15, 2.69), unable to read and write (AOR = 3.06, 95% CI = 1.37, 6.82), living in the rural area (AOR = 3.53, 95% CI = 2.01, 6.18), having a family member with mental illness (AOR = 2.68, 95% CI = 1.6, 4.5), having a chronic physical illness (AOR = 3.48, 95% CI = 2.26, 5.34) and lifetime alcohol use (AOR = 4.55, 95% CI = 2.93, 7.0) had a significant association with common mental disorder. Conclusion The current study showed that the proportion of the common mental disorder was high. Females showed a higher prevalence of the common mental disorder. Having a chronic physical illness, resides in the rural areas and history of lifetime alcohol use were also significantly associated with CMD. Psychological and social interventions with greater emphasis on females who have low educational status and residing in the rural area are recommended. Strategies that focus on the proper treatment of chronic physical illness can be also helpful to minimize the occurrence of common mental disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigus Alemnew Engidaw
- College of Health Sciences, Debre Berhan University, P.O. Box 445, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Zakir Abdu
- Faculty of Public Health and Medical Science, Mettu University, Mettu, Ethiopia
| | - Ishwari Chinani
- Faculty of Public Health and Medical Science, Mettu University, Mettu, Ethiopia
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