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Koposov RA, Stickley A, Isaksson J, Ruchkin V. Enuresis in young offenders - a study on prevalence and mental health comorbidity. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1328767. [PMID: 38559400 PMCID: PMC10978753 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1328767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Enuresis is a common disorder in the school-age period, and is often associated with a variety of behavioral, psychological, and social problems. While early studies suggested an association between enuresis and delinquent behavior, there has been no recent research assessing the prevalence of enuresis and its comorbid psychopathology in young offenders. The aim of this study was to therefore assess the prevalence of enuresis and its associated psychiatric comorbidity in incarcerated young offenders. Methods The prevalence of past and current enuresis and comorbid psychopathology was assessed using a semi-structured psychiatric interview and self-reports from 366 incarcerated male young offenders [age 14 to 19 years (mean age = 16.4)] from Northern Russia. Results Seventy-three (20.0%) adolescents reported a previous history of enuresis, and in addition almost 10% of the youth reported current enuresis symptoms. Delinquent youth with enuresis did not significantly differ from other youth in the prevalence of comorbid psychiatric diagnoses when assessed by a clinical diagnostic interview, but had significantly higher levels of self-reported mental health problems, and suicidal ideation and attempts. Conclusion Problems with enuresis are common among delinquent youth and may be associated with increased mental health problems. Given the potentially increased risk for suicidal thoughts and behavior in young offenders with enuresis, comprehensive mental health screening of those who are detected with this condition should be considered in the juvenile justice system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman A. Koposov
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Epidemiology and Modern Technologies of Vaccination, Institute of Professional Education, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrew Stickley
- Department of Preventive Intervention for Psychiatric Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
- Stockholm Center for Health and Social Change (SCOHOST), Södertörn University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Isaksson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institute and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vladislav Ruchkin
- Department of Medical Sciences, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Sala Forensic Psychiatric Clinic, Sala, Sweden
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Georgousopoulou V, Pervanidou P, Perdikaris P, Vlachioti E, Zagana V, Kourtis G, Pavlopoulou I, Matziou V. Covid-19 pandemic? Mental health implications among nurses and Proposed interventions. AIMS Public Health 2024; 11:273-293. [PMID: 38617410 PMCID: PMC11007424 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2024014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background With its abrupt and huge health and socio-economic consequences, the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a uniquely demanding, intensely stressful, and even traumatic period. Healthcare workers (HCW), especially nurses, were exposed to mental health challenges during those challenging times. Objectives Review the current literature on mental health problems among nurses caring for COVID-19 patients. Methods This is a narrative review and critical evaluation of relevant publications. Results Nurses experienced higher levels of stress, burnout, anxiety, depression, frustration, stigma, and depersonalization compared to other HCW. Factors that increased this symptomatology included concerns about infection or infection of family members, inadequate staff protective equipment, extended working hours, insufficient information, a reduced sense of security, and post-traumatic stress disorder. The factors that improved the psychopathology included a general positive attitude, job satisfaction, adequate information and education, harmonious group relationships, post-traumatic development, emotional intelligence, psychological counseling, mindfulness-based stress reduction, stable leadership, guidance, and moral and practical administrative support. Conclusions Recent studies clearly show that nurses, especially women, are the most vulnerable subgroup among HCW and are particularly prone to mental health impacts during the COVID-19 pandemic. The documented mental health vulnerability of frontline nursing staff during the COVID-19 pandemic requires preventive nursing management actions to increase resilience and to develop relevant defense mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Georgousopoulou
- Department of Research, Quality Control and Continuing Education, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis
| | - Panagiota Pervanidou
- First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Agia Sophia” Children's Hospital
| | | | - Efrosyni Vlachioti
- Department of Nursing, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Vaia Zagana
- Department of Nursing, “Sotiria” General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Kourtis
- Department of Nursing, “Sotiria” General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Vasiliki Matziou
- Department of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
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Obuobi-Donkor G, Shalaby R, Agyapong B, Dias RDL, Agyapong VIO. Mitigating Psychological Problems Associated with the 2023 Wildfires in Alberta and Nova Scotia: Six-Week Outcomes from the Text4Hope Program. J Clin Med 2024; 13:865. [PMID: 38337558 PMCID: PMC10856019 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13030865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: In 2023, wildfires led to widespread destruction of property and displacement of residents in Alberta and Nova Scotia, Canada. Previous research suggests that wildfires increase the psychological burden of impacted communities, necessitating population-level interventions. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)-based text message interventions, Text4HopeAB and Text4HopeNS, were launched in Alberta and Nova Scotia, respectively, during the 2023 wildfire season to support the mental health of impacted individuals. Objectives: The study examines the effectiveness of Text4HopeNS and Text4HopeAB in alleviating psychological symptoms and improving wellbeing among subscribers. Methods: The study involved longitudinal and naturalistic controlled trial designs. The longitudinal study comprised subscribers who completed program surveys at baseline and six weeks post-enrolment, while the naturalistic controlled study compared psychological symptoms in subscribers who had received daily supportive text messages for six weeks (intervention group) and new subscribers who had enrolled in the program during the same period but had not yet received any text messages (control group). The severity of low resilience, poor mental wellbeing, likely Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), likely Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), likely Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), and suicidal ideation were measured on the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), the World Health Organization-5 Wellbeing Index (WHO-5), Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD-7) scale, PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C), and the ninth question on the PHQ-9, respectively. The paired and independent sample t-tests were employed in data analysis. Results: The results from the longitudinal study indicated a significant reduction in the mean scores on the PHQ-9 (-12.3%), GAD-7 (-14.8%), and the PCL-C (-5.8%), and an increase in the mean score on the WHO-5, but not on the BRS, from baseline to six weeks. In the naturalistic controlled study, the intervention group had a significantly lower mean score on the PHQ-9 (-30.1%), GAD-7 (-29.4%), PCL-C (-17.5%), and the ninth question on the PHQ-9 (-60.0%) which measures the intensity of suicidal ideation, and an increase in the mean score on the WHO-5 (+24.7%), but not on the BRS, from baseline to six weeks compared to the control group. Conclusions: The results of this study suggests that the Text4Hope program is an effective intervention for mitigating psychological symptoms in subscribers during wildfires. This CBT-based text messaging program can be adapted to provide effective support for individuals' mental health, especially in the context of traumatic events and adverse experiences such as those induced by climate change. Policymakers and mental health professionals should consider these findings when shaping strategies for future disaster response efforts, emphasizing the value of scalable and culturally sensitive mental health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Obuobi-Donkor
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (G.O.-D.); (R.d.L.D.)
| | - Reham Shalaby
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada; (R.S.); (B.A.)
| | - Belinda Agyapong
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada; (R.S.); (B.A.)
| | - Raquel da Luz Dias
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (G.O.-D.); (R.d.L.D.)
| | - Vincent Israel Opoku Agyapong
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (G.O.-D.); (R.d.L.D.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada; (R.S.); (B.A.)
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Boyd S, Matsee W, Pisutsan P, Kamolrattanakul S, Piyaphanee W. Incidence and influencing factors of psychological problems among international travellers during quarantine. J Travel Med 2024; 31:taad151. [PMID: 38006361 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taad151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Boyd
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wasin Matsee
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand
- Thai Travel Clinic, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Phimphan Pisutsan
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand
- Thai Travel Clinic, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supitcha Kamolrattanakul
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Watcharapong Piyaphanee
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand
- Thai Travel Clinic, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand
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González Sanguino C, Santos-Olmo AB, Zamorano S, Sánchez-Iglesias I, Muñoz López M. The stigma of mental health problems: A cross-sectional study in a representative sample of Spain. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2023; 69:1928-1937. [PMID: 37300414 DOI: 10.1177/00207640231180124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health stigma is a relevant phenomenon with implications for the people who suffer from it. Despite its importance, no studies have been carried out in Spain at national level with a representative sample of the population. AIMS The aim of this research is to analyze the stigma associated with MHPs in a representative sample of the Spanish population for the first time. METHOD A cross-sectional quantitative descriptive study was carried out with a representative sample of the population (N = 2746). Descriptive analyses and regressions are carried out on the different dimensions of stigma such as attitude, attribution and intention of social distance. RESULTS Medium levels of stigma are obtained in stigmatizing attitudes and attributions, and medium-low levels in the intention of social distance. The best predictors of stigma in its different dimensions are attitudes, attributions and intention of social distance themselves. Progressive political ideology is related to less stigma in all dimensions. Knowing someone with mental health problems and talking openly about it together with higher education are also relevant protectors. Mixed results are obtained regarding age, gender and help-seeking. CONCLUSION National programs and campaigns focused on attitudes, attributions and behavioral intentions are necessary to reduce the stigma still present in Spanish society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara González Sanguino
- Department of Psychology, School of Education and Social Work, University of Valladolid, Spain
- Chair Against Stigma Grupo 5-Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Santos-Olmo
- Chair Against Stigma Grupo 5-Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Clinical Psychology, School of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Zamorano
- Chair Against Stigma Grupo 5-Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Clinical Psychology, School of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
| | - Iván Sánchez-Iglesias
- Chair Against Stigma Grupo 5-Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychobiology and Behavioral Sciences Methods, School of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Muñoz López
- Chair Against Stigma Grupo 5-Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Clinical Psychology, School of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
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Gauthier A, Deli C, Garant E, Proulx J. Inadequate Coping Strategies of Men who Have Committed Sexual Aggression Against Women: A Study of Their Developmental Antecedents. Sex Abuse 2023:10790632231210534. [PMID: 37933142 DOI: 10.1177/10790632231210534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Several researchers have found that men who have committed sexual aggression have inadequate coping strategies (e.g., paraphilic sexual fantasies, substance abuse). However, very few researchers have empirically examined the factors potentially associated with the development of these strategies. In 2011, Maniglio hypothesized that the inadequate coping strategies of men who have committed sexual aggression are the result of childhood victimization, mediated by internalized psychological problems. The present study therefore empirically tested this hypothesis in a Canadian sample of 205 men who had committed sexual aggression against women, of whom 37 committed sexual murder. Structural equation modeling (SEM) resulted in the identification of several direct and indirect trajectories leading from childhood victimization (psychological, physical, sexual) to the development of inadequate coping strategies (paraphilic sexual fantasies, alcohol and drug use) mediated by internalized psychological problems (e.g., anxiety, depression, social isolation). The theoretical and clinical implications of these developmental trajectories are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Gauthier
- School of Criminology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Institut national de psychiatrie légale Philippe-Pinel, Montreal, QC, Canada
- International Centre of Comparative Criminology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Caroline Deli
- School of Criminology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- International Centre of Comparative Criminology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Etienne Garant
- School of Criminology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- International Centre of Comparative Criminology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean Proulx
- School of Criminology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Institut national de psychiatrie légale Philippe-Pinel, Montreal, QC, Canada
- International Centre of Comparative Criminology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Kukay A, McKinney C. Chronic illness and psychopathology in emerging adults: Moderation by parent-child relationship quality. Chronic Illn 2023:17423953231200681. [PMID: 37700608 DOI: 10.1177/17423953231200681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study aimed to better understand how parent-child relationships might moderate the effects of the presence and severity (as measured by physical quality of life) of a chronic illness on psychological problems in emerging adulthood. METHODS The participants included 538 emerging adults (53.5% women) with a mean age of 19.04. The participants completed an online study including chronic illness questions, the World Health Organization Quality of Life-Brief, the Parental Environment Questionnaire, and the Adult Self-Report scale. RESULTS Endorsing a health condition significantly associated with psychological problems in emerging adult men. The three-way interaction between endorsing a health condition, physical quality of life, and maternal parent-child relationship quality significantly predicted psychological problems in emerging adult men and women. Specifically, higher maternal relationship quality was associated with a weaker relation between psychological problems and having a health condition with a low physical quality of life. DISCUSSION The emerging adults who reported the most psychological problems also reported having a health condition, low physical quality of life, and low maternal relationship quality, highlighting that the combination of these variables predicted the highest rate of psychological problems. A low maternal relationship quality contributes to poor psychological adjustment while a high maternal relationship quality contributes to good psychological adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Kukay
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Cliff McKinney
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
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Yin C, Gao R, Ni X. Intention of Psychological Counseling, Attitude Toward Seeking Psychological Help, and Shame Among Vocational College Students: A Cross-Sectional Survey. Alpha Psychiatry 2023; 24:186-192. [PMID: 38105784 PMCID: PMC10724798 DOI: 10.5152/alphapsychiatry.2023.231235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to explore the psychological counseling intention of college students, the attitude of seeking psychological help, and the related factors of shame so as to promote the psychological health of college students. Methods In 4 comprehensive colleges with sound psychological counseling centers, students of different grades were selected and divided into an active help-seeking group (n = 216) and a help-refusal group (n = 270). Students' shame behaviors were evaluated using the Self-Stigma of Seeking Help (SSOSH) scale and Self-Stigma Scale (SSS). The intention of psychological counseling was measured by the General Help-Seeking Questionnaire. The Inventory of Attitudes Toward Seeking Mental Health Services was used to evaluate the psychological status. Data from the above scales were compared through the t-test. Additionally, multiple linear regression analysis was performed to explore the impact of shame on the intention of psychological counseling. Results The study found that the active help-seeking group scored lower on SSOSH scale compared to those in the help-refusal group (total score: 41.2 ± 9.1 vs. 37.9 ± 8.7, P = .0017). Meanwhile, the help-refusal group had higher scores on the shame dimension of the SSS (16.2 ± 3.9 vs. 5.3 ± 1.1, P = .00085). After adjusting for age, gender, and other variables, multiple linear regression analysis indicated a negative correlation between shame and intention of psychological help and counseling, revealing a significant impact of shame on professional psychological counseling (P < .05). Conclusion Our study findings suggest that shame has a negative impact on the intention of seeking psychological help and counseling among college students, highlighting the importance of addressing shame-related factors to promote psychological health and encourage the utilization of professional psychological counseling services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changchun Yin
- General Education College, Hainan Vocational and Technical College, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Ru Gao
- General Education College, Hainan Vocational and Technical College, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Xiaomin Ni
- General Education College, Hainan Vocational and Technical College, Haikou, Hainan, China
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Muris P, Otgaar H. Self-Esteem and Self-Compassion: A Narrative Review and Meta-Analysis on Their Links to Psychological Problems and Well-Being. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:2961-2975. [PMID: 37554304 PMCID: PMC10406111 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s402455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The present review addressed the relationship between two self-related concepts that are assumed to play a role in human resilience and well-being: self-esteem and self-compassion. Besides a theoretical exploration of both concepts, a meta-analysis (k = 76, N = 35,537 participants) was conducted to examine the magnitude of the relation between self-esteem and self-compassion and their links to indices of well-being and psychological problems. The average correlation between self-esteem and self-compassion was strong (r = 0.65, effect size = 0.71), suggesting that - despite some distinct features - the overlap between both self-related constructs is considerable. Self-esteem and self-compassion displayed relations of a similar magnitude to measures of well-being and psychological problems, and both concepts accounted for unique variance in these measures once controlling for their shared variance. Self-esteem and self-compassion can best be seen as complementary concepts and we invite researchers to look more at their joint protective role within a context of well-being and mental health as well as to their additive value in the treatment of people with psychological problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Muris
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Henry Otgaar
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Institute of Criminology, Faculty of Law and Criminology, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Peng B, Reeves KKL, Lee SWY, Chung THY, Hui HWL, Leung AHL, Pang JCY. Physical, psychological, and behavioral problems among children and adolescents in countries with different economic statuses during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1181186. [PMID: 37342536 PMCID: PMC10277820 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1181186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted children and adolescents' physical activity (PA), sleeping patterns, and psychological and behavioral health. Yet, little is known about the differences between those in countries with various economic statuses. Methods Articles published from database inception through 16 March 2022 were retrieved using CINAHL Complete, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Medline, PubMed, and PsycINFO. High-quality studies that reported the number of participants with parameters associated with PA, sleeping patterns, and psychological and behavioral problems in young people aged under 18 years during the pandemic were included. We referenced the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for PA and sleep duration to provide the event rate for young people who were not compliant with the guidelines. The event rate of young people who had decreased sleep quality and experienced psychological and behavioral problems were also investigated. A subgroup analysis was conducted to identify the differences in those in countries with diverse economic statuses. Funnel plot analysis and Egger's test were also conducted to identify any risk of publication bias. Result A total of 66 studies with 1,371,168 participants aged between 0 and 18 years, involving 27 countries, were included. During the pandemic, we identified that 41% (95% CI: 39%, 43%; I2 = 96.62) and 43% (95% CI: 34%, 52%; I2 = 99.42) of young people did not meet the PA and sleep duration recommendation guidelines. In addition, 31% (95% CI: 28%, 35%; I2 = 99.66) of young people had decreased their sleep quality. Yet, no significant difference was found across countries with different economic statuses. However, the event rates of participants with psychological and behavioral problems were 32% (95% CI: 28%, 36%; I2 = 99.85) and 19% (95% CI: 14%, 25%; I2 = 99.72), respectively. In addition, the rate of psychological problems was more severe in those who live in lower middle-income countries (p < 0.001), while the rate of behavioral problems was more severe in those who live in high-income countries (p = 0.001). Discussion During the pandemic, the discouragement of PA, poor sleep quality, and high risk of psychological and behavioral problems are concerning. A large number of young people did not comply with the recommendation guidelines. Timely implementation of recovery plans is critical to address the adverse effects on young people. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=309209, identifier CRD42022309209.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Peng
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Kara K. L. Reeves
- School of Health Sciences, Caritas Institute of Higher Education, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Research Rehab Centre Limited, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shara W. Y. Lee
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tina H. Y. Chung
- School of Health Sciences, Caritas Institute of Higher Education, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Heidi W. L. Hui
- School of Health Sciences, Caritas Institute of Higher Education, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Alfred H. L. Leung
- School of Health Sciences, Caritas Institute of Higher Education, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Johnson C. Y. Pang
- School of Health Sciences, Caritas Institute of Higher Education, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Research Rehab Centre Limited, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Xue Y, Xue B, Zheng X, Shi L, Liang P, Xiao S, Dong F, Zhang J, Chen Y, Liu Y, Qin Z, Zhang C. Associations between internet addiction and psychological problems among adolescents: description and possible explanations. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1097331. [PMID: 37255516 PMCID: PMC10226521 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1097331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Internet addiction (IA) is becoming a significant public health issue that requires urgent attention, especially for adolescents. Previous studies mainly focused on the risk factors of Internet addiction and drawn some conclusions. The purpose of this study is to investigate the Internet addiction status and concurrent psychological problems in adolescent groups, and explore the differences in the relationship between IA and psychological problems in adolescents from gender and grade. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among students of junior and senior high school in 21 prefecture-level cities of Guangdong Province. The Young Diagnostic Questionnaire (YDQ) and the validated Chinese version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) were used to assess participants' Internet addiction and psychological status. Two-way ANOVA was used to verify the interaction between gender and Internet addiction, grade and Internet addiction on psychological problems. When the interaction was statistically significant, simple effect analysis was further carried out. Results The prevalence of problematic Internet use (PIU), depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms among adolescents were 16.32%, 30.16%, 35.97% and 18.80% respectively. Although the prevalence of PIU among boys (17.89%) was higher than that of girls (14.86%), girls in PIU group had the highest scores of depression, anxiety and stress. Similarly, the interaction between grade and Internet addiction was also significant (p < 0.05). Although the prevalence of PIU was the highest in grade 9 (17.29%), the adverse effects of Internet addiction on psychological problems were different in different grades. Discussion Internet addiction was prevalent among adolescents in Guangdong province, and psychological problems also cannot be ignored. Thus, this study suggests that long-term follow-ups should be included in mental health programs of adolescents to monitor the development of Internet addiction and psychological problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqing Xue
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Benli Xue
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao Zheng
- Department of Health Management, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Shi
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Pengyan Liang
- Health Publicity and Education Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shujuan Xiao
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fang Dong
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiachi Zhang
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaguang Chen
- Health Education Center of Maoming City, Maoming, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuxi Liu
- School of Humanities and Management, Institute for Health Law and Policy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Zuguo Qin
- Health Publicity and Education Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chichen Zhang
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Health Management, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Mayes SD, Bangert L, Kallus R, Fosco W, Calhoun SL, Waschbusch DA. Sluggish cognitive tempo: Association with neuropsychological test scores, motor incoordination, and dysgraphia in elementary school children. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2023; 28:610-622. [PMID: 35751158 DOI: 10.1177/13591045221110730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Research on the relationship between sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) and scores on neuropsychological tests (such as those measuring processing speed and reaction time) is inconclusive, and the association between SCT and motor incoordination and dysgraphia has not been objectively investigated. Mothers of 413 elementary school children (6-12 years of age) rated their children on the Pediatric Behavior Scale (PBS), which yields psychological problem scores, including SCT. Children were administered an extensive battery of neuropsychological tests assessing processing and performance speed, working memory, immediate and delayed recall, sustained attention, response inhibition, cognitive flexibility, fine motor manipulative skill, verbal fluency and retrieval, set shifting, and interference control, as well as intelligence and reading and math achievement. Only three of the 19 correlations between SCT and neuropsychological scores were significant, and all involved graphomotor tests (two timed and one untimed). In regression analysis, the strongest independent predictor of SCT was the maternal PBS incoordination factor score, followed by ratings of autism, inattention, and depression. Neuropsychological test scores did not contribute significantly more to predicting SCT. Among the incoordination PBS factor items, clumsy and draws or writes poorly were significant SCT predictors. Our novel and unexpected findings showed that motor incoordination was a stronger correlate of SCT than other variables assessed in our study, including those previously linked with SCT. Future SCT research needs to include measures of incoordination and dysgraphia in order to replicate and expand upon the current findings. Our results suggest that SCT traits are not reliably measured by currently available neuropsychological tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan D Mayes
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, 12310Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Lauren Bangert
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, 12310Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Rachel Kallus
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, 12310Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Whitney Fosco
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, 12310Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Susan L Calhoun
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, 12310Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Daniel A Waschbusch
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, 12310Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
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Pang JCY, Chan ELS, Lau HMC, Reeves KKL, Chung THY, Hui HWL, Leung AHL, Fu ACL. The impacts of physical activity on psychological and behavioral problems, and changes in physical activity, sleep and quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic in preschoolers, children, and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1015943. [PMID: 36969271 PMCID: PMC10038232 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1015943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly affected the level of physical activity (PA). However, little is known about its effect on health outcomes. Methods Articles without language restrictions published from the database inception through March 16, 2022, were retrieved using the CINAHL Complete, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Medline, PubMed, and PsycINFO databases. High-quality articles assessing the effect of PA on psychological and behavioral problems. Additionally, PA, QoL, and/or sleep problems before and during the pandemic were included. Articles without data regarding PA or involving non-general populations were excluded. The PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines were followed. Data quality of the selected articles was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and GRADE approach. Data were pooled using a random-effects model and sensitivity analysis if heterogenicity was high (I 2 ≥ 50%). The relationship between PA and psychological and behavioral problems; and changes in PA, QoL, and sleeping patterns before and during the pandemic in preschoolers, children, and adolescents were investigated. A meta-analysis was conducted; odds ratios (ORs), mean differences (MD), and standardized MDs (SMDs) were calculated. Results Thirty-four articles involving 66,857 participants were included. The results showed an overall significant protective effect between PA and psychological and/or behavioral problems (OR = 0.677; 95% CI = 0.630, 0.728; p-value <0.001; I 2 = 59.79%). This relationship was also significant in the subgroup analysis of children (OR = 0.690; 95% CI = 0.632, 0.752; p-value <0.001; I 2 = 58.93%) and adolescents (OR = 0.650; 95% CI = 0.570, 0.741; p-value <0.001; I 2 = 60.85%); however, no data on the relationship in preschoolers were collected. In addition, the overall time spent on PA significantly decreased by 23.2 min per day during the COVID-19 pandemic (95% CI = -13.5, -32.9; p-value <0.001; I 2 = 99.82%). Moreover, the results showed an overall significant decrease in QoL (SMD = -0.894, 95% CI = -1.180, -0.609, p-value <0.001, I 2 = 96.64%). However, there was no significant difference in sleep duration during the COVID-19 pandemic (MD = 0.01 h per day, 95% CI = -0.027, 0.225; p-value = 0.125; I 2 = 98.48%). Conclusion During the pandemic, less PA was contributed to poor QoL and sleep quality. However, increases in PA are associated with reduced occurrences of psychological and behavioral problems. Implementing recovery plans to address the health effect of the pandemic is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnson C. Y. Pang
- School of Health Sciences, Caritas Institute of HIgher Education, Tseung Kwan O, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Eric L. S. Chan
- School of Health Sciences, Caritas Institute of HIgher Education, Tseung Kwan O, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Herman M. C. Lau
- School of Health Sciences, Caritas Institute of HIgher Education, Tseung Kwan O, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kara K. L. Reeves
- School of Health Sciences, Caritas Institute of HIgher Education, Tseung Kwan O, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tina H. Y. Chung
- School of Health Sciences, Caritas Institute of HIgher Education, Tseung Kwan O, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Heidi W. L. Hui
- School of Health Sciences, Caritas Institute of HIgher Education, Tseung Kwan O, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Alfred H. L. Leung
- School of Health Sciences, Caritas Institute of HIgher Education, Tseung Kwan O, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Allan C. L. Fu
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Musculoskeletal Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
- China Studies Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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14
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Pan Q, Hao Z. Chinese college students' help-seeking behavior: An application of the modified theory of planned behavior. Psych J 2023; 12:119-127. [PMID: 36174984 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Chinese college students have a high incidence of psychological problems but rarely seek professional psychological help. Despite this fact, there have been few studies of the help-seeking behavior of Chinese college students with mental health problems. This research aims to use a modified model based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to explore the intentions and behaviors of Chinese college students with psychological problems in seeking professional psychological help. A total of 319 Chinese college students were recruited to measure attitude, stigma, coping efficiency, help-seeking intention, help-seeking behavior, and demographic variables. The results showed that attitudes were the most powerful predictor of intentions to seek help, followed by coping effectiveness and stigma. In addition, a multigroup analysis showed that the model was valid across genders. Our research results show that the TPB-based model can effectively explain the intentions and behaviors of college students with psychological problems in seeking professional help. Using our results, families, schools, and society could design intervention measures to enhance students' help-seeking intentions and behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Pan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhihong Hao
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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15
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Abstract
The study aimed to assess associations between food insecurity and multiple psychological and behavioural problems among adolescents in five Caribbean countries. Data from national and cross-sectional school health surveys from 9,956 adolescents (15 years, median age) in Trinidad and Tobago, Suriname, Jamaica, Anguilla and the Dominican Republic in 2016-2017 were analyzed in 2016-2017. Results show that the prevalence of moderate (rarely or sometimes) past-month food insecurity was 35.9% and severe (mostly or always) food insecurity was 4.6%. Severe food insecurity among adolescents ranged from 2.9% in Dominican Republic to 11.2% in Suriname. In adjusted logistic regression analyses, the higher severity of food insecurity was associated with negative psychological outcomes (loneliness, suicidal ideation, suicide plan, suicide attempt, anxiety, current tobacco use and any trouble from alcohol use) and negative behavioural outcomes (truancy, bullied, physically attacked, physical injury, and multiple sexual partners). Two out of five adolescents experienced some form of food security. Food interventions, such as school feeding programmes, are warranted to reduce negative psychosocial outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supa Pengpid
- Asean Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.,Department of Research Administration and Development, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa
| | - Karl Peltzer
- Department of Research Administration and Development, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa.,Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Yan XG, Sun HY, Yoo BW. A Cross-Sectional Study on the Psychological Changes of Medical Personnel in Hospitals Who Experienced Special COVID-19 Situations. Inquiry 2023; 60:469580231161435. [PMID: 36941758 PMCID: PMC10031595 DOI: 10.1177/00469580231161435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic contributed to an increase in mental health issues; Psychological changes occur in health professionals who are more susceptible to infection. The purpose of this study was to investigate health professionals' levels of anxiety, rage, and depression in COVID-related special circumstances. A general hospital in Korea experienced a widespread COVID-19 outbreak. There was a total of 149 involved frontline and non-frontline health professionals surveyed. The State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory, General Anxiety Disorder-7, and Korean Screening Tool for Depressive Disorders were utilized in the evaluation of their rage, anxiety, and depression. Anxiety and depression were found to be significantly higher among health professionals by occupation than among non-health professionals. Frontline workers were more depressed than non-frontline workers, according to type of work. These psychological changes can cause PTSD, so it is necessary to check and care for the mental health of health care workers working in medical institutions in the event of mass infections. These issues have been confirmed through studies related to the occurrence of mass infections such as SARS and MERS that the occurrence of mass infections can cause PTSD. The findings proved that the COVID-19 pandemic had a psychological impact on healthcare workers. During the COVID-19 pandemic, it is critical to raise awareness of post-traumatic stress disorder among healthcare professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Guang Yan
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Yeon Sun
- Graduate School Natural Science, Division of Medical Science (Interdisciplinary Programs), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Wook Yoo
- Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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17
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Abstract
Although most parental discipline research examines the effects of discipline in children and adolescents, recent research has demonstrated that emerging adults continue to receive parental discipline. Importantly, a newly validated instrument for assessing discipline specifically during emerging adulthood has been created. Scales from this instrument include maternal and paternal approval, disappointment, and abuse, and these scales were associated with other parenting behaviors and psychological outcomes during emerging adulthood. However, a person-centered approach has not been conducted with this instrument. Given that discipline occurs at an idiographic level and that group norms inform such behaviors, a person-centered approach would identify highly informative emerging adult profiles based on patterns of discipline they receive from their parents. Thus, the current study utilized latent profile analysis (LPA) of 1110 participants attending a Southern United States university to identify emerging adult discipline profiles. These groups were then associated with parental and emerging adult psychological problems to gain an understanding of how these factors relate to different patterns of discipline across gender. Results best supported four profiles labeled as approving, distant, disappointed, and abusive. These groups reported increasingly higher parental and personal psychological problems across approving, distant, disappointed, and abusive profiles. Gender moderated some of these effects. Implications and future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cliff McKinney
- 5547Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Sarah E Hovanec
- 5547Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Erica Szkody
- 5547Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
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18
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Pei YP, Li HC, Zhong JW, Gao XL, Xiao CQ, Yue Y, Xiong X. The association between problematic smartphone use and the severity of temporomandibular disorders: A cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1042147. [PMID: 36620264 PMCID: PMC9816394 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1042147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the prevalence of different types of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) symptoms in young adults and determine their associations with problematic smartphone use (PSU). Methods The data of the study were collected from local university students through an online questionnaire survey. Demographic information, Fonseca Anamnestic Index (FAI), Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV), and Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) responses were gathered electronically and analyzed using multiple logistic regression analysis. Results There were 163 male and 307 female respondents were participated in this study. The prevalence of PSU and TMD were 83.6% and 66.4%, respectively. There was a moderate statistical correlation between PSU and TMD among young adults (r = 0.31, p < 0.01). The logistic regression model revealed that the risk of TMD was 1.77 times higher in people with PSU than in those without PSU (OR = 1.77; 95% CI 1.04-3.06). PSU is a risk factor for pain-related TMD (OR = 1.81; 95% CI 1.08-3.04) but not intra-articular TMD. Conclusion Subjects showed high prevalence of both TMD and PSU. People with PSU experienced more severe and frequent pain-related rather than intra-articular TMD symptoms than those without PSU. By reducing the problematic smartphone use, the risk factor of TMD might be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Peng Pei
- Department of Orthodontics, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Han-Chao Li
- Department of Orthodontics, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia-Wei Zhong
- Department of Orthodontics, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin-Lin Gao
- Department of Orthodontics, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chu-Qiao Xiao
- Department of Orthodontics, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Yue
- Department of Prosthodontics, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Xiong
- Department of Orthodontics, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Lomans AM, Uijen AA, Akkermans RP, Lagro-Janssen TALM, Teunissen DAM. Help-seeking behaviour in primary care of men and women with a history of abuse: A Dutch cohort study. Eur J Gen Pract 2022; 28:40-47. [PMID: 35379063 PMCID: PMC8986289 DOI: 10.1080/13814788.2022.2054985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies show an association between a history of abuse and higher care demand. However, studies in general practice regarding help-seeking behaviour by patients (mainly male patients) with a history of abuse are scarce. Objectives To analyse help-seeking behaviour in general practice of men and women with a history of abuse. Methods A cohort study using data from a Dutch primary care registration network from 2015 to 2019. We included all patients aged ≥ 18 years who indicated on a questionnaire that they did or did not have a history of abuse. We analysed differences in contact frequency, types of contact, reason for encounter and diagnoses between men and women with or without a history of abuse. Results The questionnaire had a response rate of 59% and resulted in 11,140 patients, of which 1271 indicated a history of abuse. Men and women with a history of abuse contact the general practitioner (GP) 1.5 times (95% CI 1.42–1.60) more often than men and women without a history of abuse, especially for psychological (rate ratio 1.97, 95% CI 1.79–2.17) and social (rate ratio 1.93, 95% CI 1.68–2.22) problems. Moreover, when diagnosed with a psychological or social problem, patients with a history of abuse contact the GP twice more often for these problems. Conclusion Compared to men and women without a history of abuse, men and women with a history of abuse visit their GP more often, particularly for psychological and social problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anieck M Lomans
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Gender and Women's Health, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Annemarie A Uijen
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Gender and Women's Health, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Reinier P Akkermans
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Gender and Women's Health, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Toine A L M Lagro-Janssen
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Gender and Women's Health, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Doreth A M Teunissen
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Gender and Women's Health, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Huang Y, Li S, Lin B, Ma S, Guo J, Wang C. Early Detection of College Students' Psychological Problems Based on Decision Tree Model. Front Psychol 2022; 13:946998. [PMID: 36033043 PMCID: PMC9400831 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.946998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The paper starts with the research on the early discovery of college students' psychological problems. Besides, it analyzes the data of the general survey of college students' mental health in a certain university, the existing data of students with psychological problems, and the questionnaire data of students' basic information in school. By comprehensively using the decision tree model and Kendall correlation analysis and other methods, using Python and SPSS software to preprocess the data and realize the model, it can obtain a psychological problem prediction model based on the objective behavior data of college students. The model is actually analyzed, and it gets good results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Huang
- School of Creative Design, Guilin Institute of Information Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Shaoan Li
- School of Information Engineering, Guilin Institute of Information Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Bo Lin
- School of Information Engineering, Guilin Institute of Information Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Shuai Ma
- School of Information Engineering, Guilin Institute of Information Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Jian Guo
- School of Information Engineering, Guilin Institute of Information Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Chunli Wang
- School of Tourism Data, Guilin Tourism University, Guilin, China
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21
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Kupcewicz E, Rachubińska K, Gaworska-Krzemińska A, Andruszkiewicz A, Kawalec-Kajstura E, Kozieł D, Basińska MA, Grochans E. Positive Orientation and Fatigue Experienced by Polish Nursing Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Mediatory Role of Emotional Control. J Clin Med 2022; 11:2971. [PMID: 35683360 PMCID: PMC9181178 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11112971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the mediatory role of emotional control with respect to the control of anger, depression, and anxiety in the relationship between positive orientation and tiredness/fatigue occurring in a group of Polish nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study included 894 nursing students from six universities in Poland. A diagnostic survey was applied as the research method, and the data were collected using the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), the Courtauld Emotional Control Scale (CECS) and the Positive Orientation Scale (SOP). The mean participant age was 20.73 years (SD = 1.81). More than half of the students in the study showed a low level of positive orientation. Correlational analyses revealed a significant negative correlation between positive orientation and tiredness/fatigue experienced by the students participating in the study (r = −0.336; p < 0.001), and correlation between positive orientation and the overall emotional control index (r = −0.317; p < 0.001), and the indices of control of anger (r = −0.154; p < 0.01), depression (r = −0.376; p < 0.001), and anxiety (r = −0.236; p < 0.01). Analysis of the results also revealed the occurrence of significant, positive links between the controlled emotions and their components and the tiredness/fatigue experienced by nursing students. It is important to take action associated with the prevention of tiredness/fatigue among students and to reinforce a positive orientation and the capacity to control emotions to effectively minimize the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on nursing students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Kupcewicz
- Department of Nursing, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 14 Zolnierska Street, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Kamila Rachubińska
- Department of Nursing, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 48 Zolnierska Street, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland; (K.R.); (E.G.)
| | - Aleksandra Gaworska-Krzemińska
- Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Medical University of Gdansk, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie Street 3a, 80-227 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Anna Andruszkiewicz
- Department of Basic Clinical Skills and Postgraduate Education for Nurses and Midwifes, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 1 Łukasiewicza Street, 85-821 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Ewa Kawalec-Kajstura
- Department of Internal Medicine and Community Nursing, Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, 30-688 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Dorota Kozieł
- Medical College, J. Kochanowski University in Kielce, 25-369 Kielce, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata A. Basińska
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Kazimierz Wielki University, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Elżbieta Grochans
- Department of Nursing, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 48 Zolnierska Street, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland; (K.R.); (E.G.)
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van Benthum MV, van Dijk T, Maas‐ van Schaaijk NM, van Zwol A. Psychological problems in parents of children with bronchiolitis following paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission. Acta Paediatr 2022; 111:1054-1055. [PMID: 35080032 PMCID: PMC9303335 DOI: 10.1111/apa.16272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Milou V. van Benthum
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit University Hospital Radboudumc Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Tessel van Dijk
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit University Hospital Radboudumc Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | | | - Annelies van Zwol
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit University Hospital Radboudumc Nijmegen The Netherlands
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23
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von Gontard A, Mattheus H, Friese-Jaworsky J, Moritz AM, Thome-Granz S, Roozen S, Curfs L, van Koeveringe G, Hussong J. Incontinence and sleep disturbances in young children: A population-based study. Neurourol Urodyn 2022; 41:633-642. [PMID: 34989456 PMCID: PMC9306626 DOI: 10.1002/nau.24866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Aims Nocturnal enuresis (NE), daytime urinary incontinence (DUI), fecal incontinence (FI), as well as sleep and behavioral problems are common in young children. The aim of this study was to analyze the association of sleep and psychological parameters for all types of incontinence in a representative sample of young children. Methods Six hundred thirty eight (of 1161) children with a mean age of 5.9 years (50.9% boys) were assessed during their mandatory school entry examination. The participation rate was 55%. Instruments included the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire and other clinical questions. Incontinence was diagnosed according to ICCS standards. Constipation was assessed by two questions. Results 17.1% of children had at least one type of incontinence, 14.8% had NE, 5.0% DUI, 2.1% FI, and 4.8% were constipated. 6.7% of children had clinically relevant psychological problems. 22.7% of children had sleep problems regularly (5−7 times/week). A wide variety of sleep problems were reported. Children with incontinence were not affected by a higher rate of sleep problems. Children with NE had fewer night wakings and those with constipation fewer parasomnias. Sleep and psychological problems were significantly associated, especially in children with DUI and FI. Conclusions Sleep and behavioral problems are common in young children. Psychological problems have a clear impact on sleep. Young children with incontinence do not have more sleep problems than continent children. Therefore, both sleep and psychological problems should be addressed in young children with incontinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander von Gontard
- Department of Urology, Governor Kremers Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Outpatient Services for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychiatric Services Graubünden (PDGR), Chur, Switzerland
| | - Hannah Mattheus
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany
| | - Jana Friese-Jaworsky
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Sylvia Roozen
- Governor Kremers Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Leopold Curfs
- Governor Kremers Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gommert van Koeveringe
- Department of Urology, Governor Kremers Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Justine Hussong
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany
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24
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Song Z, Dong F, Liu Y, Liu G, Li B, Pang X, An K, Li D, Chen S, Xing W, Xu X. The Association of High-Frequency Nut Intake With a Low Risk of Psychological Problems in Female Methamphetamine Users. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:878859. [PMID: 36046161 PMCID: PMC9421136 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.878859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent years have witnessed a gradual increase in the number of female methamphetamine users. Meanwhile, female methamphetamine users are more likely to have psychological problems than male methamphetamine users. The association between diet and psychological problems have been found among non-methamphetamine user. The present study aims to investigate the relationship between dietary intake frequency and psychological problems in female methamphetamine users. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 109 female methamphetamine users, collected from a Compulsory Isolated Drug Rehabilitation Centre in northern China, participated in the study. All participants completed the Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) questionnaire to assess psychological status. The relation of dietary intake frequency with the SCL-90 score was tested in partial correlation analysis. Multivariable regression models were used to calculate odds ratios to evaluate the association of dietary intake frequency with psychological problems. RESULTS Of the current female methamphetamine population, 33 participants were diagnosed with psychological problems using SCL-90. In the terms of dietary intake frequency, the frequency of nut intake in the psychiatric symptom group was significantly lower than that in the asymptomatic group. However, there was no difference in the frequency of other food intakes between the two groups. The frequency of nut intake was negatively correlated with the total score of SCL-90 and 8 different symptom clusters of psychopathologies on SCL-90. Logistic regression analysis indicated that the increased frequency of nut intake was associated with a lower risk of psychological problems. CONCLUSION In the female methamphetamine population, increasing the frequency of nut intake may reduce the risk of psychological problems for female methamphetamine users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihong Song
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China
| | - Fang Dong
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China
| | - Yizhi Liu
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China
| | - Guanhua Liu
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China
| | - Baohua Li
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China
| | - Xiuyu Pang
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China
| | - Kang An
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China
| | - Dong Li
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China
| | - Weijia Xing
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China
| | - Xizhu Xu
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, China
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25
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Malik NI, Fatima R, Ullah I, Atta M, Awan A, Nashwan AJ, Ahmed S. Perceived stigma, discrimination and psychological problems among patients with epilepsy. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1000870. [PMID: 36440406 PMCID: PMC9681901 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1000870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study sought to investigate the effects of perceived stigma and discrimination on epilepsy patients' psychological problems, such as depression, anxiety, and quality of life. STUDY DESIGN A purposive sampling technique was used in this cross-sectional study. MATERIALS AND METHODS The sample consisted of 186 patients with epilepsy. The Stigma Scale, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, and Quality of life in Epilepsy-10 were used to measure the study variables. RESULTS Findings showed that both the perception of stigma and discrimination have a significant positive correlation with depression as well as anxiety. Stigma is a significant positive predictor of depression and anxiety at [F (1, 184) = 27.8, 15.92, p < 0.001, 0.001, respectively] and explains 12.7 and 7.5% variance that could be attributed to Stigma. Stigma is also a significant predictor of quality of life at [F (1, 184) = 16.10, p < 0.001] and explains the 7.5% variance that could be attributed to Stigma. Results also indicate that discrimination is a significant positive predictor of depression and anxiety at [F (1, 184) = 32.39, 19.91, p < 0.001] and explains 15 and 9.8 % variance, respectively, that could be attributed to Stigma. However, stigma negatively predicts quality of life at [F (1, 184) = 20.34, p < 0.001] and explains 10 % variance. Non-significant differences were found in all the demographic variables (i.e., gender, socio-economic status, and disease duration), except the quality of life was significantly high among individuals with high Socio-economic status. CONCLUSIONS Stigma is significantly higher in epileptic patients and has a detrimental effect on the patient's quality of life, recovery, and prognosis. Thus, there is undoubtedly a need to address psychological issues, most notably the stigma associated with illnesses. Psychologists, psychiatrists, other physicians, and care givers of epileptic patients must pay close attention to the stigma in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najma Iqbal Malik
- Department of Psychology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Fatima
- Department of Psychology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Irfan Ullah
- Kabir Medical College, Gandhara University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Mohsin Atta
- Department of Psychology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Saeed Ahmed
- Rutland Regional Medical Center, Rutland, VT, United States
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26
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Deng J, Que J, Wu S, Zhang Y, Liu J, Chen S, Wu Y, Gong Y, Sun S, Yuan K, Bao Y, Ran M, Shi J, Wing YK, Shi L, Lu L. Effects of COVID-19 on career and specialty choices among Chinese medical students. Med Educ Online 2021; 26:1913785. [PMID: 33849405 PMCID: PMC8057072 DOI: 10.1080/10872981.2021.1913785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has brought unprecedented challenges to medical education systems and medical students. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of COVID-19 pandemic on medical career and specialty choices among medical students. An online cross-sectional survey of Chinese medical students was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic from February to April 2020. The students' willingness to be a doctor before and after the COVID-19 pandemic and changed willingness to specialize in respiratory medicine and infectious diseases were investigated. Multiple linear regression and binary logistic regression was used to explore factors that were associated with changes of willingness. A total of 1,837 medical students, including 1,227 females (66.8%), with a median age of 21.0 years, were recruited. Of the participants, 10.6% and 6.9% showed increased and decreased willingness to be a doctor after the COVID-19 outbreak, respectively. Moreover, 11.7% showed increased willingness and 9.5% showed decreased willingness to major in respiratory medicine and infectious diseases. Students with younger age, lower household income, fewer depressive symptoms, less exposure to negative pandemic information and more satisfaction with their own major after the pandemic were associated with increased willingness to be a doctor. Students who engaged in regular exercise, were males and undergraduate level, were interested in medicine, paid more attention to positive information, were satisfied with their majors, and had increased willingness to be a doctor after the pandemic were more likely to choose to specialize in respiratory medicine and infectious disease. However, the severity of anxiety symptoms was associated with decreased willingness to work in the specialties of respiratory medicine and infectious diseases. Psychological problems and professional satisfaction appear to be independent factors that affect medial career and specialty choices. The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical students require further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Deng
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyu Que
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Suying Wu
- Xiamen Xianyue Hospital, Xiamen, China
| | - Yingjian Zhang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiajia Liu
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Sijing Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Yongxi Wu
- Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yimiao Gong
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Siwei Sun
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Yuan
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanping Bao
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Maosheng Ran
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jie Shi
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Kwok Wing
- Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Le Shi
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University, Beijing, China
- CONTACT Le Shi Institute of Mental Health and Peking University Sixth Hospital, 51 Huayuanbei Road, Beijing100191, China
| | - Lin Lu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
- Lin Lu Institute of Mental Health and Peking University Sixth, Hospital, 51 Huayuanbei Road, Beijing, 100191, China
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27
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Mohammed Z, Arafa A, Atlam E, El‐Qerafi N, El‐Shazly M, Al‐Hazazi O, Ewis A. Psychological problems among the university students in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14853. [PMID: 34516702 PMCID: PMC8646281 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is a public health emergency that represents a challenge to psychological health. This study aimed to assess the psychological conditions among university students in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS During the period between the 4th and 18th of June 2020, the students of Umm AlQura University in Saudi Arabia were invited to complete an online survey. The survey assessed their sociodemographic characteristics, educational disciplines, and manifestations of psychological health problems including depression, anxiety, and stress as determined by the Arabic version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). RESULTS The study included 936 university students (56.4% women and 43.6% men). Of them, 41.1% had depressive symptoms (31.7% mild to moderate and 9.4% severe to very severe), 26.9% had anxiety symptoms (15.8% mild to moderate and 11.1% severe to very severe), and 22.4% had stress symptoms (15.2% mild to moderate and 7.2% severe to very severe). Students who reported having a friend or relative infected with or died of COVID-19, watching or reading news about the pandemic ≥2 hours/day, and not getting emotional support from family, university, and society were more likely to show psychological problems. CONCLUSION Symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress were common among Saudi university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychological counselling and support should be provided to university students in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Mohammed
- Department of Public HealthFaculty of MedicineBeni‐Suef UniversityBeni‐SuefEgypt
| | - Ahmed Arafa
- Department of Public HealthFaculty of MedicineBeni‐Suef UniversityBeni‐SuefEgypt
- Department of Public HealthGraduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - El‐Sayed Atlam
- Department of computer scienceFaculty of ScienceTanta UniversityEgypt
- Department of computer scienceCollege of Computer Science and EngineeringTaibah UniversityYanbuSaudi Arabia
| | - Nader El‐Qerafi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental HealthAl‐Madinah Health Affairs DirectorateAl‐Madinah Al‐MunawwarahSaudi Arabia
| | - Momen El‐Shazly
- Department of MedicineTaibah College of MedicineTaibah UniversityAl‐Madinah Al‐MunawwarahSaudi Arabia
- Department of Occupational MedicineFaculty of MedicineSohag UniversitySohagEgypt
| | - Omar Al‐Hazazi
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceUmm AlQura UniversityMeccaSaudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf Ewis
- Department of Public Health and Occupational MedicineFaculty of MedicineMinia UniversityEl‐MiniaEgypt
- Department of Public HealthFaculty of Health Sciences – AlQunfudahUmm AlQura UniversityMeccaSaudi Arabia
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28
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Monsalve SD, Vargas-Monroy AM, Ariza JE, Oñate Cuello AM, Ropero Vera AR, Bermudez Cuello JC, Arzuaga Zuleta L, Cubillos Novella AF, Peñaloza Quintero E, Fernández Ortiz YN, Carrillo MA, Kroeger A. Mental health among displaced and non-displaced populations in Valledupar, Colombia: do inequalities continue? Pathog Glob Health 2021; 116:305-318. [PMID: 34689701 DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2021.1989186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During the long-lasting civil war in Colombia, thousands of people were displaced mainly from rural to urban areas, causing social disruption and prolonged poverty. This study aimed at analyzing the traumatic experience many years ago on the current psycho-emotional status of displaced families as well as the ongoing inequalities regarding displaced and non-displaced communities in one of the most affected areas by the armed conflict. An interview survey was conducted among 211 displaced families and 181 non-displaced families in 2 adjacent compounds in Valledupar, Colombia. The questionnaire used questions from the validated national survey and was revised and applied by staff members of the departmental secretary of health who conducted additional in-depth interviews. The study showed that the living conditions of the displaced community were precarious. The past traumatic events many years ago and the current difficult living conditions are associated with psychological problems being more frequent among the displaced people. The displaced people had experienced more violent acts and subsequently had a larger number of emotional symptoms (fright, headache, nervousness, depression, and sleeplessness). Other stress factors like economic problems, severe disease or death of family members and unemployment prevailed among displaced persons. The non-displaced lived in a more protected environment with less exposure to violence and stress, although belonging to a similarly low socio-economic stratum. It is recommended to take measures for a better protection of the displaced community, improve their access to the job market, offer different leisure activities and facilitate public transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Diaz Monsalve
- Albert-Ludwigs Universitaet Freiburg, Centre for Medicine and Society, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Axel Kroeger
- Albert-Ludwigs Universitaet Freiburg, Centre for Medicine and Society, Freiburg, Germany
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29
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Cuijpers P, Smit F, Aalten P, Batelaan N, Klein A, Salemink E, Spinhoven P, Struijs S, Vonk P, Wiers RW, de Wit L, Gentili C, Ebert DD, Bruffaerts R, Kessler RC, Karyotaki E. The Associations of Common Psychological Problems With Mental Disorders Among College Students. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:573637. [PMID: 34646167 PMCID: PMC8502858 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.573637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychological problems like procrastination, perfectionism, low self-esteem, test anxiety and stress are common among college students. There are evidence-based interventions available for these problems that not only have direct effects on these problems, but also indirect effects on mental disorders such as depression and anxiety disorders. Targeting these psychological problems may offer new opportunities to prevent and treat mental disorders in a way that is less stigmatizing to students. In this study we examined the association of five psychological problems with five common mental disorders (panic, generalized anxiety, bipolar, major depressive, and substance use disorder) in a sample of 2,449 students from two Dutch universities. Psychological problems were measured with one item for each problem and mental disorders were measured with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview Screening Scales. Associations were examined with Poisson regression models as relative risks (RR) of the disorders as a function of the psychological problems. The population attributable fraction (PAF) indicates by what percentage the prevalence of the mental disorder would be reduced if the psychological problem was addressed successfully by an intervention. Especially generalized anxiety disorder was strongly associated with psychological problems (strong associations with stress and low self-esteem and moderately with test anxiety). The group with three or more psychological problems had a strongly increased risk for generalized anxiety (RR = 11.25; 95% CI: 7.51-16.85), and a moderately increase risk for major depression (RR = 3.22; 95% CI: 2.63-3.95), panic disorder (RR = 3.19; 95% CI: 1.96-5.20) and bipolar disorder (RR = 3.66; 95% CI: 2.40-5.58). The PAFs for having any of the psychological problems (one or more) were considerable, especially for generalized anxiety (60.8%), but also for panic disorder (35.1%), bipolar disorder (30.6%) and major depression (34.0%). We conclude that common psychological problems are associated with mental disorders and with each other. After adjustment, psychological problems are associated with different patterns of mental disorders. If the impact of the psychological problems could be taken away, the prevalence of several mental disorders would be reduced considerably. The psychological problems may provide a promising target to indirectly prevent and intervene in psychopathology in hard to reach college students with mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pim Cuijpers
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Filip Smit
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Trimbos Institute (Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction), Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Pauline Aalten
- UM Student Desk, Student Services Center, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Neeltje Batelaan
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anke Klein
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Elske Salemink
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Philip Spinhoven
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Sascha Struijs
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Peter Vonk
- Department of Research, Development and Prevention, Student Health Service, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Reinout W. Wiers
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Leonore de Wit
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Claudio Gentili
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - David Daniel Ebert
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Ronald C. Kessler
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Eirini Karyotaki
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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30
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Verhees MWFT, Ceulemans E, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, Bosmans G. State Attachment Variability: Between- and within-Person Level Associations with Trait Attachment and Psychological Problems. Brain Sci 2021; 11:1264. [PMID: 34679330 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11101264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Research suggests that inter-individual differences in the degree of state attachment variability are related to differences in trait attachment and psychological problems between children. In this study, we tested whether such associations are also relevant at a within-person level, and if so, whether intra-individual fluctuations in the degree of variability were predictive of or predicted by intra-individual fluctuations in trait attachment and psychological problems. Children (N = 152; Mage = 10.41 years, SDage = 0.60 at time 1) were tested three times over a period of one year. At each timepoint, children reported on their expectations of maternal support in different distressing situations. Additionally, we administered measures of trait attachment to children and psychological problems to children and their mothers. We used Random-Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Models to distinguish between-person from within-person associations between these constructs over time. The results revealed that the degree of state attachment variability was mainly relevant to understand differences between children in trait attachment and psychological problems: children who overall showed more state attachment variability were overall less securely attached at a trait-level and reported more psychological problems. Although evidence for within-person associations was less robust, there was some indication that the degree of state attachment variability might be related to the development of trust and psychological problems at a within-person level.
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31
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Bizzi F, Riva A, Borelli JL, Charpentier-Mora S, Bomba M, Cavanna D, Nacinovich R. The Italian version of the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire: Validity within a sample of adolescents and associations with psychological problems and alexithymia. J Clin Psychol 2021; 78:503-516. [PMID: 34273902 PMCID: PMC9290635 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objectives This study aims to test the psychometric proprieties of the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (RFQ) applied to younger (13–16 years) and older (17–20 years) Italian adolescents examining (1) the factorial structure of RFQ; (2) its invariance across age and sex; (3) correlations between RFQ subscale scores, as well as the associations of the RFQ with (4) psychological problems and alexithymia dimensions. Methods A cross‐sectional study was conducted with 593 adolescents between the ages of 13 and 20 years old recruited from the community within Italy. These participants completed the RFQ, Symptom Checklist‑90, and Toronto Alexithymia Scale. Results The two‐factor structure of the RFQ was confirmed. However, higher internal consistency of RFQ was obtained by removing two items that seemed problematic within this sample. Using a six‐item version of RFQ, the two‐factor structure was invariant across adolescent age and sex. Significant correlations among RFQ subscale scores, and between RFQ subscales with both psychological problems and alexithymia dimensions were found. Conclusions Preliminary results reveal a short version of RFQ (six‐item) is a suitable measure to assess mentalizing in adolescents in the Italian context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Bizzi
- Department of Educational Science, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Riva
- Clinic of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, San Gerardo Hospital-Monza, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Jessica L Borelli
- Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | | | - Monica Bomba
- Clinic of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, San Gerardo Hospital-Monza, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Donatella Cavanna
- Department of Educational Science, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Renata Nacinovich
- Clinic of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, San Gerardo Hospital-Monza, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
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Li W, Zhang H, Zhang C, Luo J, Wang H, Wu H, Zhu Y, Cui H, Wang J, Li H, Zhu Z, Xu Y, Li C. The Prevalence of Psychological Status During the COVID-19 Epidemic in China: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Psychol 2021; 12:614964. [PMID: 34017278 PMCID: PMC8129549 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.614964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 is creating panic among people around the world and is causing a huge public mental health crisis. Large numbers of observational studies focused on the prevalence of psychological problems during the COVID-19 pandemic were published. It is essential to conduct a meta-analysis of the prevalence of different psychological statuses to insight the psychological reactions of general population during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Sixty six observational studies about the psychological statuses of people during the COVID-19 were included, searching up to 1 December 2020. Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) was used to evaluate the quality of the included studies. OpenMeta[Analyst] was used for the data analysis. High prevalence of acute stress and fear symptoms were observed in the early period of the epidemic. Additionally, anxiety and depression symptoms continued at a high prevalence rate during the epidemic. It should alert the lasting mental health problems and the risk of post-traumatic stress disorder and other mental disorders. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO CRD 42020171485.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Caidi Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinjing Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wu
- Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yikang Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiru Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jijun Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Chinese Academy of Science Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
- Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Li
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Mental Health, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuoying Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifeng Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunbo Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Chinese Academy of Science Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
- Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Valenti GD, Faraci P, Craparo G. Assessing the Structural Validity and Measurement Invariance of the Psychological Problems Scale on a Sample of International Students. Clin Neuropsychiatry 2021; 18:77-85. [PMID: 34909022 PMCID: PMC8629086 DOI: 10.36131/cnfioritieditore20210201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The main purpose of the current study is to examine the factorial structure of the Psychological Problems (PP) scale, which is an inventory used for assessing anxious and depressive symptoms. No previous studies were found in which the dimensionality of the measure has been examined. METHOD In order to test the underlying factorial structure of the scale, we performed both exploratory principal axis factor analysis and maximum likelihood robust confirmatory factor-analytic analysis on a sample of 266 international students. Parallel analysis was also computed to identify the number of factors to take into account. Multigroup confirmatory factor analyses were performed to evaluate the factorial invariance of the scale across gender. RESULTS Our results yield a bifactorial structure. One item is removed due to its double-loading, resulting in a 14-item scale. Both of the subscales' alpha coefficients are good, with satisfying levels of adjusted item-scale correlations. Findings from the measurement invariance indicate adequate configural, metric, scalar and strict invariance across gender. CONCLUSION We conceptualize the two scales emerged from our factor analysis studies in terms of affective and psychosomatic domains of psychological problems. Despite some limitations, our findings may add new theoretical and practical implications, which are discussed also providing directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Palmira Faraci
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, University Kore Enna,Corresponding author Palmira Faraci, PhD, Full Professor Faculty of Human and Social Sciences – University Kore Enna Cittadella Universitaria - 94100 Enna, Italy E-mail: Phone number: 0039 0935 53653
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Axelrod MI, Larsen RJ, Jorgensen K, Stratman B. Psychological differences between toilet trained and non-toilet trained 4-year-old children. J SPEC PEDIATR NURS 2021; 26:e12319. [PMID: 33140518 DOI: 10.1111/jspn.12319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Late to complete toilet training has been associated with many psychological factors including behavior and mood problems. Unfortunately, the majority of the research is specific to children with elimination disorders or children identified as incontinent after the age of 7 years. The current study addressed gaps in the literature by comparing the psychological functioning of children not toilet trained by their 4-year-old well child care visit with their toilet trained peers. DESIGN AND METHODS Parent reports of internalizing and externalizing behavior using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) were compared across groups, non-toilet trained and toilet trained, for 150 children recruited during their 4-year-old well child health care visit. Independent samples t tests of group means and χ2 analyses were performed on all CBCL scales. RESULTS Results found no clinically or statistically significant differences between groups on parents' reports of internalizing and externalizing behavior. The current study provides no evidence that delays in successfully completing toilet training by 4 years of age were related to psychological problems for this sample of children. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Nursing professionals in primary care settings are positioned to provide anticipatory guidance to parents of children not yet toilet trained. Findings from the current study offer evidence that delays in toilet training might not be related to psychopathology, and these children are not likely to require intervention outside the pediatric setting and could be effectively managed by primary care health providers employing evidence-based toilet training protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael I Axelrod
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ray J Larsen
- Department of Allergy and Infectious Disease, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Keith Jorgensen
- Department of Dermatology, CentraCare Clinic Health Plaza, St. Cloud, Minnesota, USA
| | - Bobbie Stratman
- College of Podiatric Medicine and Surgery, Des Moines University, Des Moines, Iowa, USA
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Barrera-Algarín E, Vázquez-Fernández MJ. The rise of online sports betting, its fallout, and the onset of a new profile in gambling disorder: young people. J Addict Dis 2021; 39:363-372. [PMID: 33749519 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2021.1886567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Since 2015 the gambling trend may have changed among young people between 18 and 30 years old. METHODOLOGY Range of document review techniques obtained by therapeutic data regarding the personal development of each person in rehabilitation to analyze 13 different variables. FINDINGS Due to the new regulations legalizing online gambling in Spain, and the constant increase in its advertising, a shift could have taken place in the gamblers' profile: a preference for online sports betting and placing other bets using devices connected to the Internet, such as smartphones, laptops, tablets, and similar technologies. Gamblers who use online media to place their bets also incur debts over the Internet. We find a possible proliferation of online betting services, that could imply an increase of social, psychological, and family relationship problems affecting young gamblers, which may constitute a new profile of gambling disorder.
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Ramdurg SI, Biradar SM, Reddy PJ. Assessing caregiving burden among primary caregivers in a medical intensive care unit setup: Cross-sectional study. Ind Psychiatry J 2021; 30:36-40. [PMID: 34483522 PMCID: PMC8395561 DOI: 10.4103/ipj.ipj_27_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Caregiver burden in caring patients in intensive care unit (ICU) settings are stressful and challenging place. Caregivers also play very important role in doctor-patient relationship. In India, there is a skewed trend in doctor-patient relationship. Without addressing caregiver's psychological issues, we may not able to deliver good medical services. "Caregiver burden in primary caregivers of patients admitted to medical ICU (MICU) was measured. METHODOLOGY Its cross-section observational study. We collected the information from total of 100 caregivers whose patient got admitted to MICU. We took only one caregiver. We administered socio-demographic data, Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview (ZBI) for assessing burden in caregivers. RESULTS The mean age of the caregivers was 38 years with 66% males were being primary caregivers and mean age of education was 8.61 years. The mean duration of patient stay in hospital was 4.67 days with range of 4-18 days. Mean duration of illness in patient was 466 days with range of 4 days to 10 years. Mean score caregivers burden as per ZBI was 5.10 with range of 0-25. Thirty-five percentage of caregiver were felt caregiving was the burden. Correlation analysis shows ZBI negative relationship with caregivers' age and education and patients total duration of illness. There was a positive co-relationship with the duration of ICU admission. CONCLUSION Higher burden was observed in caregivers and caregivers felt more burden if patients stays longer duration in ICU. More research is needed in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Iranna Ramdurg
- Department of Psychiatry, Shri B M Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Vijayapur, Karnataka, India
| | - Siddanagouda M Biradar
- Department of Medicine, Shri B M Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Vijayapur, Karnataka, India
| | - Pallavali Janardhana Reddy
- Department of Medicine, Shri B M Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Vijayapur, Karnataka, India
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Sharma R, Kumar K, Pilania R, Dawman L, Kaur N, Sharma R, Tiewsoh K. Alarming rates of psychological problems among caregivers of pediatric kidney patients admitted during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. Ind Psychiatry J 2021; 30:84-89. [PMID: 34483529 PMCID: PMC8395558 DOI: 10.4103/ipj.ipj_237_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Caregivers of children with comorbidities suffer from various psychological problems. We envisage more such complications during this COVID-19 pandemic. METHODOLOGY A cross-sectional study to assess psychological issues in caregivers of children with kidney diseases, admitted during lockdown period in India was done. Psychological tools including Peritraumatic Distress Inventory (PDI), Insomnia Severity Index, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS II), Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) and a new "COVID Stress Survey Questionnaire" were used. Standard statistical analysis using SPSS Statistic 23 (IBM SPSS Statistics, New York, United States) was done. RESULTS Forty-seven caregivers (33 mothers; 14 fathers) were included. Of these, 33 (70.2%) experienced psychological distress. On PANAS, 45 (95.7%) scored below cut off on a positive affect and 42 (89.4%) scored above cut off on a negative effect. The DASS II score revealed that 38 (80.9%) reported mild stress, 23 (48.9%) severe anxiety, and 37 (78.7%) had moderate depression. Upper middle socioeconomic status caregivers reported more insomnia. Further, parents of children with acute kidney injury (AKI) or prolonged hospital stay scored higher on subjective distress and aversive feelings. CONCLUSION We observed an alarming level of distress, insomnia, and anxiety among caregivers, more so in upper middle socioeconomic status, children with AKI and prolonged hospital stay. We suggest due counseling should be done.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajni Sharma
- Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Krishan Kumar
- Department of Psychiatry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rakesh Pilania
- Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Lesa Dawman
- Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Navpreet Kaur
- Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rahul Sharma
- Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Karalanglin Tiewsoh
- Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Abstract
Internet addiction (IA) has been explored worldwide and involves some features that might harm social, psychological, and functional aspects. The vulnerability of adolescents might result in some addictive behaviors, and the Internet is one of them. The aim of this systematic review was to identify empirical studies that have been done to explore instruments that have been used to assess IA and to verify what variables and comorbidities are related to IA in adolescents, including executive functions, such as attention. To accomplish our aim, a systematic search was conducted in the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, and PsycINFO. Some inclusion and exclusion criteria were used to select the studies and 44 in total were analyzed independently. The results showed that the most used instrument to assess IA is the Young's Internet Addiction Test. A few studies have been developed in the Western world, and most of them have analyzed attention bias in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and non-ADHD groups. Furthermore, other variables have been widely explored in the studies, such as depression, sleeping patterns, body weight, aggressiveness, and other addictive substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maísa Gelain Marin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Laboratório de Psicologia Experimental, Neurociências e Comportamento (LPNeC), UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Xiomara Nuñez
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Laboratório de Psicologia Experimental, Neurociências e Comportamento (LPNeC), UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rosa Maria Martins de Almeida
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Laboratório de Psicologia Experimental, Neurociências e Comportamento (LPNeC), UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the predictive role of life satisfaction, perceived social support, and psychological problems on loneliness among Palestinian university students in the West Bank. Participants were 254 volunteer undergraduate students (50.4% males and 49.6% females), ranging from 18 to 26 years of age. Data was collected using the Loneliness Scale (UCLA), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), Psychological Problems Scale and a Demographic Information Form. There was a significant gender bias towards loneliness, male students being lonelier than female students. Results showed that students who had higher loneliness, felt less satisfied with their life and perceived less support from friends, family and significant others. Furthermore, students who had high loneliness also presented more psychological problems. These results also indicated that, after accounting for psychological problems, life satisfaction, and social support from friends and significant others are negative predictors of loneliness. These findings suggest that universities should create strategies to improve well-being and social support to protect students from the negative effects of loneliness.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The current ongoing pandemic outbreak of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) has globally affected 213 countries and territories with more than 2.5 million confirmed cases and thousands of casualties. The unpredictable and uncertain COVID-19 outbreak has the potential of adversely affecting the psychological health on individual and community level. Currently all efforts are focused on the understanding of epidemiology, clinical features, mode of transmission, counteract the spread of the virus, and challenges of global health, while crucially significant mental health has been overlooked in this endeavor. METHOD This review is to evaluate past outbreaks to understand the extent of adverse effects on psychological health, psychological crisis intervention, and mental health management plans. Published previous and current articles on PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and Elsevier about psychological impact of infectious diseases outbreaks and COVID-19 has been considered and reviewed. COMMENTS COVID-19 is leading to intense psychosocial issues and comprising mental health marking a secondary health concern all around the world. Globally implementing preventive and controlling measures, and cultivating coping and resilience are challenging factors; modified lifestyle (lockdown curfew, self-isolation, social distancing and quarantine); conspiracy theories, misinformation and disinformation about the origin, scale, signs, symptoms, transmission, prevention and treatment; global socioeconomic crisis; travel restrictions; workplace hazard control; postponement and cancellation of religious, sports, cultural and entertainment events; panic buying and hoarding; incidents of racism, xenophobia, discrimination, stigma, psychological pressure of productivity, marginalization and violence; overwhelmed medical centers and health organizations, and general impact on education, politics, socioeconomic, culture, environment and climate - are some of the risk factors to aggravate further problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Mukhtar
- University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
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41
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Opsomer S, De Lepeleire J, Lauwerier E, Pype P. Resilience in family caregivers of patients diagnosed with advanced cancer - unravelling the process of bouncing back from difficult experiences, a hermeneutic review. Eur J Gen Pract 2020; 26:79-85. [PMID: 32631110 PMCID: PMC7470057 DOI: 10.1080/13814788.2020.1784876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the risk for developing mental disorders, most of advanced cancer patients’ family caregivers undergo a resilient process throughout the caregiving period. Research on resilience in caregivers of advanced cancer patients is scarce and further hindered by the lack of a univocal definition and a theoretical framework. Objectives To provide clarity on the concept of resilience by proposing an integrative view that can support health care professionals and researchers in conducting and interpreting research on resilience. Methods The review process was inspired by the hermeneutic methodology: a cyclic review process, consisting of repeated searching and analysing until data saturation is reached and focussed on achieving a deeper understanding of ill-defined concepts. The definitions from eighteen reviews on resilience and the theoretical frameworks from eight concept analyses were analysed. The composing elements of resilience were listed and compared. Results The American Psychological Association’s definition of resilience and Bonanno’s theoretical framework are suggested to guide further research on resilience. Moreover, four knowledge gaps were uncovered: (1) How do resilience resources interact? (2) What are the key predictors for a resilient trajectory? (3) How do the resilient trajectories evolve across the caregiving period? And (4) how does the patient’s nearing death influence the caregiver’s resilience? Conclusion To address flaws in conceptualisation and the resulting gaps in knowledge, we suggest a definition and a theoretical framework that are suited to allow heterogeneity in the field, but enables the development of sound interventions, as well as facilitate the interpretation of intervention effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Opsomer
- Academisch Centrum voor Huisartsgeneeskunde (ACHG), Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan De Lepeleire
- Academisch Centrum voor Huisartsgeneeskunde (ACHG), Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Emelien Lauwerier
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Pype
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,End-of-Life Care Research Group, VUB and Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Irfan S, Zulkefly NS. A pilot study of attachment relationships, psychological problems and negative automatic thoughts among college students in Pakistan. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2020; 34:113-118. [PMID: 32549171 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2019-0264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The present pilot study examined the associations between attachment relationships, psychological problems, and negative automatic thoughts among late adolescents in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Subjects A total of 98 participants (male = 49, female = 49) were recruited from government colleges in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Methods The measures used to assess the research variables of this cross sectional study were the Inventory of Parent-Peer Attachment (IPPA-Urdu), Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-Urdu), and the Automatic Thought Questionnaire (ATQ-Urdu). Results All of these measures had good reliabilities. Findings of the correlation analyses demonstrated that maternal, paternal and peer attachment relationships were negatively related to symptoms of depression and anxiety as well as to negative automatic thoughts. On the other hand, depressive and anxiety symptoms were positively associated with negative automatic thoughts. Additionally, findings suggested that future studies must investigate adolescents from two-parent households and exclude those with only one living parent. Conclusion The results underscored the need for further investigations of the linkages between attachment relationships, negative automatic thoughts and psychological problems on larger samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddrah Irfan
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.,National University of Science and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nor Sheereen Zulkefly
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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Li X, Chen F, Lin Y, Jia Z, Tucker W, He J, Cui L, Yuan Z. Research on the Relationships between Psychological Problems and School Bullying and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury among Rural Primary and Middle School Students in Developing Areas of China. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E3371. [PMID: 32408671 PMCID: PMC7277917 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
(1) Purpose: To analyze the role of psychological problems in connection with school bullying and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) among rural primary and middle school students in developing areas of China. (2) Methods: A multi-stage, stratified, cluster random sampling method was used to select 2284 rural primary and middle school students in Jiangxi Province for study. Questionnaires regarding the health risk behaviors of children in developing areas were left behind at primary and middle schools, and they were later collected and analyzed by using the mental health diagnostic monitoring scale for Chinese primary and middle school students. Pearson correlation, logistic regression, and bootstrap tests were conducted to analyze the association between psychological problems, school bullying, and NSSI. (3) Results: The incidence of NSSI in rural primary and middle school students in Jiangxi Province was 14.84%. Compared with other children with behavioral problems, those who had experienced school bullying and had mild/severe psychological problems were more likely to have engaged in NSSI behaviors (p < 0.001). Psychological problems have a mediating effect between school bullying and NSSI, which accounted for 12.96% of the total effect. (4) Conclusion: Psychological problems are likely an effect modifier in the connection between school bullying and NSSI behaviors. Therefore, effectively targeting psychological problems in rural primary and middle school students in Jiangxi Province may help prevent and control NSSI behaviors in students who have experienced school bullying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyang Li
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health & Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China; (X.L.); (Y.L.); (Z.J.); (L.C.)
| | - Feiyu Chen
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Dongxiang District, Fuzhou 331800, Jiangxi, China; (F.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Yixiang Lin
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health & Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China; (X.L.); (Y.L.); (Z.J.); (L.C.)
| | - Zhihui Jia
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health & Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China; (X.L.); (Y.L.); (Z.J.); (L.C.)
| | - Winter Tucker
- School of Community Science, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA;
| | - Jiangyan He
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Dongxiang District, Fuzhou 331800, Jiangxi, China; (F.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Lanyue Cui
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health & Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China; (X.L.); (Y.L.); (Z.J.); (L.C.)
| | - Zhaokang Yuan
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health & Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China; (X.L.); (Y.L.); (Z.J.); (L.C.)
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Shokri M, Tarjoman A, Borji M, Solaimanizadeh L. Investigating psychological problems in caregiver of pediatrics with cancer: A systematic review. J Child Adolesc Psychiatr Nurs 2020; 33:229-238. [PMID: 32275101 DOI: 10.1111/jcap.12269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancer is a type of chronic illness that causes many issues for patients and their caregivers, including a wide range of psychological problems. This study was conducted to determine the status and psychological problems of caregivers of pediatric patients with cancer who live in Iran. METHODS All articles from 2000 to March 2019 related to the psychological of caregivers and their child's cancer were included in the search. Domestic websites in Iran and international databases were searched. Keywords of the search included child, cancer, malignancy, care burden, stress, anxiety, depression, coping strategies, psychological hardiness, posttraumatic stress, parents, father, mother, and pediatric. The search, data extraction, quality assessment and screening were conducted independently by two researchers. RESULTS In the initial search, 345 articles were extracted regarding the psychological problems of caregivers. After final screening 15 articles were selected; from these four referred to care burden, four articles for coping skills, three articles for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and four articles for stress, anxiety, and depression among carers of children with cancer. CONCLUSION Considering the existence of psychological problems such as caregiver burden, PTSD, stress, anxiety, and depression in caregivers of children with cancer, it is necessary to provide nursing interventions for this group of parents; particularly interventions that provide the necessary ground for reducing psychological problems and improving caregivers' mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Shokri
- Department of Pediatrics, Ilam University of Medical sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Asma Tarjoman
- Department of Nursing, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Milad Borji
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Kemanshah University of Medical Science, Kermanshah, Iran
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Esposito S, Giannitto N, Squarcia A, Neglia C, Argentiero A, Minichetti P, Cotugno N, Principi N. Development of Psychological Problems Among Adolescents During School Closures Because of the COVID-19 Lockdown Phase in Italy: A Cross-Sectional Survey. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:628072. [PMID: 33553079 PMCID: PMC7862750 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.628072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Previous studies have shown that during COVID-19 pandemic, mainly due to the imposed lockdown, significant psychological problems had emerged in a significant part of the population, including older children and adolescents. School closure, leading to significant social isolation, was considered one of the most important reasons for pediatric mental health problems. However, how knowledge of COVID-19 related problems, modification of lifestyle and age, gender and severity of COVID-19 pandemic had influenced psychological problems of older children and adolescents has not been detailed. To evaluate these variables, a survey was carried out in Italy. Methods: This cross-sectional survey was carried out by means of an anonymous online questionnaire administered to 2,996 students of secondary and high schools living in Italian Regions with different COVID-19 epidemiology. Results: A total of 2,064 adolescent students (62.8% females; mean age, 15.4 ± 2.1 years), completed and returned the questionnaire. Most of enrolled students showed good knowledge of COVID-19-related problems. School closure was associated with significant modifications of lifestyle and the development of substantial psychological problems in all the study groups, including students living in Regions with lower COVID-19 incidence. However, in some cases, some differences, were evidenced. Sadness was significantly more frequent in females (84%) than males (68.2%; p < 0.001) and in the 14-19-year-old age group than the 11-13-year-old age group (79.2% vs. 70.2%; p < 0.001). Missing the school community was a significantly more common cause of sadness in girls (26.5% vs. 16.8%; p < 0.001), in southern Italy (26.45% vs. 20.2%; p < 0.01) and in the 14-19-year-old group (24.2% vs. 14.7%; p < 0.001). The multivariate regression analysis showed that male gender was a protective factor against negative feelings (p < 0.01), leading to a decrease of 0.63 points in the total negative feelings index. Having a family member or an acquaintance with COVID-19 increased the negative feelings index by 0.1 points (p < 0.05). Conclusions: This study shows that school closures because of the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak was associated with significant lifestyle changes in all the students, regardless of age and gender. Despite some differences in some subgroups, the study confirms that school closure can cause relevant mental health problems in older children and adolescents. This must be considered as a reason for the maintenance of all school activities, although in full compliance with the measures to contain the spread of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Esposito
- Pediatric Clinic, Pietro Barilla Children's Hospital, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Nino Giannitto
- Unit of Emergency Pediatrics, Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi," University of Messina, Policlinico "G. Martino," Messina, Italy
| | - Antonella Squarcia
- Unit of Neuropsychiatry of Children and Adolescents, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale (AUSL) Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Cosimo Neglia
- Pediatric Clinic, Pietro Barilla Children's Hospital, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Alberto Argentiero
- Pediatric Clinic, Pietro Barilla Children's Hospital, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Paola Minichetti
- Pediatric Clinic, Pietro Barilla Children's Hospital, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Nicola Cotugno
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Congenital and Perinatal Infections, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
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Akbar S, Tiwari SC, Tripathi RK, Pandey NM, Kumar A. Prevalence of Psychiatric Illness among Residents of Old Age Homes in Northern India. J Neurosci Rural Pract 2019; 9:193-196. [PMID: 29725168 PMCID: PMC5912023 DOI: 10.4103/jnrp.jnrp_340_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Context: There are many factors which compelled older adults to live in old age homes (OAHs) and vulnerable to psychological problems. Studies reported high prevalence of mental health problems (20%–60%) among elderlies of OAHs. Therefore, the study was conducted to explore prevalence of psychiatric illness (PI) among residents of OAHs of Northern India. Settings and Design: The present study was conducted in OAHs of Districts Bareilly, Lucknow, Varanasi, Dehradun, and Haridwar, using cross-sectional descriptive study method. Sample Size were 306 (male – 98 [32.5%] and female n = 208 [68%]) residing in OAHs selected by means of purposive sampling. Subjects and Methods: Inclusion criteria: (a) older adults aged 60 years and above residing in OAHs and able to communicate. (b) Staying in OAHs for 6 months or more. (c) Able to understand comprehends and reply to questions and (d) Giving written informed consent. Exclusion criteria: (a) Residents who declined/not interested to participate in the study. (b) Residents having any sensory impairment/physical health problem which can impede the interview. Research tools were (i) a semi-structured pro forma, (ii) Hindi Mental Status Examination, (iii) Survey psychiatric assessment schedule, and (iv) Schedules for clinical assessment in neuropsychiatry-based clinical interview for diagnosis of PIs according to International Classification of Disease 10. Statistical Analysis Used: The quantitative data obtained was analyzed by means of frequency tables. Results: The results show overall prevalence of PI is 43% among residents of OAHs. The prevalence of PI was found to be higher among females compared to males. Depression was the most common among the residents of OAHs. Conclusions: There is an urgent need of trained professionals to provide professional help for highly prevalent psychiatric disorders among residents of OAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamsi Akbar
- Department of Geriatric Mental Health, KG Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S C Tiwari
- Department of Geriatric Mental Health, KG Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rakesh K Tripathi
- Department of Geriatric Mental Health, KG Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nisha M Pandey
- Department of Geriatric Mental Health, KG Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ambrish Kumar
- Department of Geriatric Mental Health, KG Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Warren AS, Goldsmith KA, Rimes KA. Childhood gender-typed behavior and emotional or peer problems: a prospective birth-cohort study. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2019; 60:888-896. [PMID: 30907437 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retrospective and cross-sectional studies often report associations between childhood gender nonconformity and greater emotional and peer difficulties. This study used the ALSPAC birth cohort to investigate relationships between childhood gender-typed behavior and peer and emotional problems throughout childhood and adolescence. METHODS A total of 11,192 participants had at least one measure of parent-rated gender-typed behavior in infancy; 7,049 participants had a measure of child-rated gender-typed behavior at 8.5 years. Separate linear mixed regression models were fitted to assess whether parent-rated and child-rated gender-typed behaviors were associated with emotional and peer problems across childhood and adolescence (6-16 years old). The effect of adding covariates (self-esteem, abuse, bullying, feeling accepted by peers, and feeling different) on these relationships was assessed. RESULTS For boys, more gender-nonconforming behavior was associated with greater subsequent emotional and peer problems in childhood and adolescence. Adjusting for self-esteem, relational bullying victimization, feeling different, or feeling accepted by peers reduced some of these associations. In contrast, for girls, more gender-nonconforming behavior was associated with fewer emotional problems in childhood and adolescence. In girls, self-reported gender-nonconforming behavior was also associated with fewer parent-rated peer problems but parent-rated gender-nonconforming behavior was associated with more parent-rated peer problems; this latter association was partly explained by self-esteem, bullying, and abuse victimization. These associations were statistically significant but small. CONCLUSIONS Overall, more female-typical behaviors were generally associated with greater subsequent emotional and peer problems, for both boys and girls. Future studies should investigate factors that reduced these associations, as well as potential negative effects of female-typical behaviors or advantages of male-typical ones. As this was a 14-year longitudinal study, the relationships between gender-role behaviors and emotional/peer problems warrant further research despite the small association sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Sophia Warren
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kimberley A Goldsmith
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Katharine A Rimes
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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Brandenbarg D, Maass SWMC, Geerse OP, Stegmann ME, Handberg C, Schroevers MJ, Duijts SFA. A systematic review on the prevalence of symptoms of depression, anxiety and distress in long-term cancer survivors: Implications for primary care. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2019; 28:e13086. [PMID: 31087398 PMCID: PMC9286037 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.13086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Symptoms of depression, anxiety and distress are common in the first years after a cancer diagnosis, but little is known about the prevalence of these symptoms at the long term. The aim of this review was to describe the prevalence of symptoms of depression, anxiety and distress in long‐term cancer survivors, five or more years after diagnosis, and to provide implications for primary care. Methods We performed a systematic literature search in the PubMed, PsycINFO and CINAHL databases. Studies were eligible when reporting on the prevalence of symptoms of depression, anxiety and/or distress in long‐term cancer survivors (≥5 years after diagnosis), treated with curative intent. Results A total of 20 studies were included. The reported prevalence of depressive symptoms (N = 18) varied from 5.4% to 49.0% (pooled prevalence: 21.0%). For anxiety (N = 7), the prevalence ranged from 3.4% to 43.0% (pooled prevalence: 21.0%). For distress (N = 4), the prevalence ranged from 4.3% to 11.6% (pooled prevalence: 7.0%). Conclusion Prevalences of symptoms of depression, anxiety and distress among long‐term survivors of cancer do not fundamentally differ from the general population. This is reassuring for primary care physicians, as they frequently act as the primary physician for long‐term survivors whose follow‐up schedules in the hospital have been completed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daan Brandenbarg
- Department of General Practice and Elderly Care Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia W M C Maass
- Department of General Practice and Elderly Care Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Olaf P Geerse
- Department of General Practice and Elderly Care Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Pulmonary Diseases and Tuberculosis, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mariken E Stegmann
- Department of General Practice and Elderly Care Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte Handberg
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,The Danish National Rehabilitation Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Maya J Schroevers
- Department of Health Psychology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia F A Duijts
- Department of General Practice and Elderly Care Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Yazdi M, Roohafza H, Feizi A, Sarafzadegan N. Association of stressful life events and psychological problems profile: Results from a large-scale cross-sectional study among Iranian industrial employees using Bayesian quantile structural equation model. EXCLI J 2018; 17:620-633. [PMID: 30108466 PMCID: PMC6088219 DOI: 10.17179/excli2018-1051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: The current study aimed at evaluating the major domains of stressful life events and their association with psychological problems profile in a large sample of Iranian industrial manufacturing employees. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 3,063 participants were randomly selected from 16,000 employees working in a big industrial company in Isfahan, Iran. Three common psychological problems i.e. depression, anxiety and psychological distress were evaluated using Persian validated version of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), respectively. Self-perceived frequency and intensity of stressful life events were measured by stressful life event (SLE) questionnaire. Bayesian quantile structural equation model in R free statistical software (version 3.4) was used for evaluating the association of stressful life events and levels of psychological problems profile. Results: Using factor analysis, two major domains i.e. socioeconomic and personal stressors were derived from 11 life stressors and a unified measure i.e. psychological problem profile was extracted from three common psychological problems. Financial and daily life stressors had the highest and sexual problems showed lowest intensity. Quantile structural equation model revealed that the psychological problems profile scores had stronger association with personal (β: ranging from 0.45, 1.87) than socioeconomics stressors (β: ranging from 0.11, 0.27). The association of socioeconomic stressors was fairly uniform across quantiles of psychological problems scores, while personal stressors showed stronger association in higher quantiles, meaning that employees with higher mental health problems more experienced personal stressors. Conclusions: Life stressors particularly personal showed direct association with intensity of psychological problems in manufacturing employees. Life stressors are more perceived by employees with higher intensity of psychological problems. The results of current study can be useful in planning occupational health programs in order to improve psychological health and job productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Yazdi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Student Research Committee, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Roohafza
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Awat Feizi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Student Research Committee, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nizal Sarafzadegan
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Pouy S, Attari Peikani F, Nourmohammadi H, Sanei P, Tarjoman A, Borji M. Investigating the Effect of Mindfulness-Based Training on Psychological Status and Quality of Life in Patients with Breast Cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:1993-1998. [PMID: 30051690 PMCID: PMC6165667 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.7.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer poses substantial challenges to both physical and mental health of patients. On the other hand, breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among Iranian women. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of mindfulness-based training on psychological status and quality of life (QoL) of patients with breast cancer living in Ilam, Iran. This quasi-experimental study was performed on 66 patients diagnosed with breast cancer. The patients assigned into two groups of experimental and control. Experimental group received mindfulness-based group training through eight 90-min sessions. Sessions were conducted twice a week and were completed within 1 month. The research tools included a QoL questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF), Schneider’s life expectancy questionnaire, and the depression anxiety stress scale (DASS-21). The questionnaires were completed before and during the interviews with the patients 2 months after intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS (version 16) and running descriptive and analytical statistics. Before the intervention, there was no significant difference between he experimental and control groups considering QoL, life expectancy, depression, anxiety, and stress (p>0.05). However, after the intervention, the patients in the experimental group reported higher QoL and life expectancy and less severe depression, anxiety, and stress (p < 0.05). Considering the positive effect of mindfulness-based training on the psychological status and QoL of patients with breast cancer, we recommend health nurses conduct mindfulness-based training for patients receiving clinical care services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somye Pouy
- Departmentof Nursing, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
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