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Buniatian GH, Schwinghammer U, Tremmel R, Cynis H, Weiss TS, Weiskirchen R, Lauschke VM, Youhanna S, Ramos I, Valcarcel M, Seferyan T, Rahfeld J, Rieckmann V, Klein K, Buadze M, Weber V, Kolak V, Gebhardt R, Friedman SL, Müller UC, Schwab M, Danielyan L. Consequences of Amyloid-β Deficiency for the Liver. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307734. [PMID: 38430535 PMCID: PMC11095235 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/04/2024]
Abstract
The hepatic content of amyloid beta (Aβ) decreases drastically in human and rodent cirrhosis highlighting the importance of understanding the consequences of Aβ deficiency in the liver. This is especially relevant in view of recent advances in anti-Aβ therapies for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, it is shown that partial hepatic loss of Aβ in transgenic AD mice immunized with Aβ antibody 3D6 and its absence in amyloid precursor protein (APP) knockout mice (APP-KO), as well as in human liver spheroids with APP knockdown upregulates classical hallmarks of fibrosis, smooth muscle alpha-actin, and collagen type I. Aβ absence in APP-KO and deficiency in immunized mice lead to strong activation of transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ), alpha secretases, NOTCH pathway, inflammation, decreased permeability of liver sinusoids, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Inversely, increased systemic and intrahepatic levels of Aβ42 in transgenic AD mice and neprilysin inhibitor LBQ657-treated wild-type mice protect the liver against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced injury. Transcriptomic analysis of CCl4-treated transgenic AD mouse livers uncovers the regulatory effects of Aβ42 on mitochondrial function, lipid metabolism, and its onco-suppressive effects accompanied by reduced synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins. Combined, these data reveal Aβ as an indispensable regulator of cell-cell interactions in healthy liver and a powerful protector against liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayane Hrachia Buniatian
- Department of Clinical PharmacologyUniversity Hospital of TuebingenAuf der Morgenstelle 872076TuebingenGermany
| | - Ute Schwinghammer
- Department of Clinical PharmacologyUniversity Hospital of TuebingenAuf der Morgenstelle 872076TuebingenGermany
| | - Roman Tremmel
- Dr. Margarete Fischer‐Bosch Institute of Clinical PharmacologyAuerbachstr. 11270376StuttgartGermany
- University of Tuebingen72074TuebingenGermany
| | - Holger Cynis
- Department of Drug Design and Target ValidationFraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and ImmunologyWeinbergweg 2206120Halle (Saale)Germany
- Junior Research Group, Immunomodulation in Pathophysiological ProcessesFaculty of MedicineMartin‐Luther‐University Halle‐WittenbergWeinbergweg 2206120Halle (Saale)Germany
| | - Thomas S. Weiss
- Children's University Hospital (KUNO)University Hospital RegensburgFranz‐Josef‐Strauss‐Allee 1193053RegensburgGermany
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular PathobiochemistryExperimental Gene Therapy and Clinical ChemistryRWTH University Hospital AachenPauwelsstr. 3052074AachenGermany
| | - Volker M. Lauschke
- Dr. Margarete Fischer‐Bosch Institute of Clinical PharmacologyAuerbachstr. 11270376StuttgartGermany
- University of Tuebingen72074TuebingenGermany
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Karolinska InstituteStockholm171 77Sweden
| | - Sonia Youhanna
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Karolinska InstituteStockholm171 77Sweden
| | - Isbaal Ramos
- Innovative Technologies in Biological Systems SL (INNOPROT)BizkaiaDerio48160Spain
| | - Maria Valcarcel
- Innovative Technologies in Biological Systems SL (INNOPROT)BizkaiaDerio48160Spain
| | - Torgom Seferyan
- H. Buniatian Institute of BiochemistryNational Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia (NAS RA)5/1 Paruir Sevak St.Yerevan0014Armenia
| | - Jens‐Ulrich Rahfeld
- Department of Drug Design and Target ValidationFraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and ImmunologyWeinbergweg 2206120Halle (Saale)Germany
| | - Vera Rieckmann
- Department of Drug Design and Target ValidationFraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and ImmunologyWeinbergweg 2206120Halle (Saale)Germany
| | - Kathrin Klein
- Dr. Margarete Fischer‐Bosch Institute of Clinical PharmacologyAuerbachstr. 11270376StuttgartGermany
- University of Tuebingen72074TuebingenGermany
| | - Marine Buadze
- Department of Clinical PharmacologyUniversity Hospital of TuebingenAuf der Morgenstelle 872076TuebingenGermany
| | - Victoria Weber
- Department of Clinical PharmacologyUniversity Hospital of TuebingenAuf der Morgenstelle 872076TuebingenGermany
| | - Valentina Kolak
- Department of Clinical PharmacologyUniversity Hospital of TuebingenAuf der Morgenstelle 872076TuebingenGermany
| | - Rolf Gebhardt
- Rudolf‐Schönheimer Institute of BiochemistryFaculty of MedicineUniversity of LeipzigJohannisstraße 3004103LeipzigGermany
| | - Scott L. Friedman
- Division of Liver DiseasesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai1425 Madison AveNew YorkNY10029USA
| | - Ulrike C. Müller
- Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology IPMBDepartment of Functional GenomicsUniversity of HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 36469120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Matthias Schwab
- Department of Clinical PharmacologyUniversity Hospital of TuebingenAuf der Morgenstelle 872076TuebingenGermany
- Dr. Margarete Fischer‐Bosch Institute of Clinical PharmacologyAuerbachstr. 11270376StuttgartGermany
- Departments of Biochemistry and Clinical Pharmacologyand Neuroscience LaboratoryYerevan State Medical University2‐ Koryun StYerevan0025Armenia
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) “Image‐guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”University of Tübingen72076TübingenGermany
| | - Lusine Danielyan
- Department of Clinical PharmacologyUniversity Hospital of TuebingenAuf der Morgenstelle 872076TuebingenGermany
- Departments of Biochemistry and Clinical Pharmacologyand Neuroscience LaboratoryYerevan State Medical University2‐ Koryun StYerevan0025Armenia
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2
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Gebreyesus LH, Choi S, Neequaye P, Mahmoud M, Mahmoud M, Ofosu-Boateng M, Twum E, Nnamani DO, Wang L, Yadak N, Ghosh S, Gonzalez FJ, Gyamfi MA. Pregnane X receptor knockout mitigates weight gain and hepatic metabolic dysregulation in female C57BL/6 J mice on a long-term high-fat diet. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116341. [PMID: 38428309 PMCID: PMC10983615 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a significant risk factor for several chronic diseases. However, pre-menopausal females are protected against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and its adverse effects. The pregnane X receptor (PXR, NR1I2), a xenobiotic-sensing nuclear receptor, promotes short-term obesity-associated liver disease only in male mice but not in females. Therefore, the current study investigated the metabolic and pathophysiological effects of a long-term 52-week HFD in female wild-type (WT) and PXR-KO mice and characterized the PXR-dependent molecular pathways involved. After 52 weeks of HFD ingestion, the body and liver weights and several markers of hepatotoxicity were significantly higher in WT mice than in their PXR-KO counterparts. The HFD-induced liver injury in WT female mice was also associated with upregulation of the hepatic mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (Pparg), its target genes, fat-specific protein 27 (Fsp27), and the liver-specific Fsp27b involved in lipid accumulation, apoptosis, and inflammation. Notably, PXR-KO mice displayed elevated hepatic Cyp2a5 (anti-obesity gene), aldo-keto reductase 1b7 (Akr1b7), glutathione-S-transferase M3 (Gstm3) (antioxidant gene), and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) levels, contributing to protection against long-term HFD-induced obesity and inflammation. RNA sequencing analysis revealed a general blunting of the transcriptomic response to HFD in PXR-KO compared to WT mice. Pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated enrichment by HFD for several pathways, including oxidative stress and redox pathway, cholesterol biosynthesis, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis in WT but not PXR-KO mice. In conclusion, this study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms by which PXR deficiency protects against long-term HFD-induced severe obesity and its adverse effects in female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidya H Gebreyesus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Sora Choi
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Prince Neequaye
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Mattia Mahmoud
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Mia Mahmoud
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Malvin Ofosu-Boateng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Elizabeth Twum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Daniel O Nnamani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Lijin Wang
- Center for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore
| | - Nour Yadak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Sujoy Ghosh
- Center for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore; Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Core, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 37, Room 3106, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Maxwell A Gyamfi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA.
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3
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Williams LA, Hamilton MC, Edin ML, Lih FB, Eccles-Miller JA, Tharayil N, Leonard E, Baldwin WS. Increased Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) Toxicity and Accumulation Is Associated with Perturbed Prostaglandin Metabolism and Increased Organic Anion Transport Protein (OATP) Expression. TOXICS 2024; 12:106. [PMID: 38393201 PMCID: PMC10893382 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12020106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) is a widespread environmental pollutant with a long half-life and clearly negative outcomes on metabolic diseases such as fatty liver disease and diabetes. Male and female Cyp2b-null and humanized CYP2B6-transgenic (hCYP2B6-Tg) mice were treated with 0, 1, or 10 mg/kg/day PFOS for 21 days, and surprisingly it was found that PFOS was retained at greater concentrations in the serum and liver of hCYP2B6-Tg mice than those of Cyp2b-null mice, with greater differences in the females. Thus, Cyp2b-null and hCYP2B6-Tg mice provide new models for investigating individual mechanisms for PFOS bioaccumulation and toxicity. Overt toxicity was greater in hCYP2B6-Tg mice (especially females) as measured by mortality; however, steatosis occurred more readily in Cyp2b-null mice despite the lower PFOS liver concentrations. Targeted lipidomics and transcriptomics from PFOS-treated Cyp2b-null and hCYP2B6-Tg mouse livers were performed and compared to PFOS retention and serum markers of toxicity using PCA. Several oxylipins, including prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and docosahexaenoic acid metabolites, are associated or inversely associated with PFOS toxicity. Both lipidomics and transcriptomics indicate PFOS toxicity is associated with PPAR activity in all models. GO terms associated with reduced steatosis were sexually dimorphic with lipid metabolism and transport increased in females and circadian rhythm associated genes increased in males. However, we cannot rule out that steatosis was initially protective from PFOS toxicity. Moreover, several transporters are associated with increased retention, probably due to increased uptake. The strongest associations are the organic anion transport proteins (Oatp1a4-6) genes and a long-chain fatty acid transport protein (fatp1), enriched in female hCYP2B6-Tg mice. PFOS uptake was also reduced in cultured murine hepatocytes by OATP inhibitors. The role of OATP1A6 and FATP1 in PFOS transport has not been tested. In summary, Cyp2b-null and hCYP2B6-Tg mice provided unique models for estimating the importance of novel mechanisms in PFOS retention and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanie A. Williams
- Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; (L.A.W.); (M.C.H.); (J.A.E.-M.)
| | - Matthew C. Hamilton
- Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; (L.A.W.); (M.C.H.); (J.A.E.-M.)
| | - Matthew L. Edin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute of Health, Research Triangle Park, Washington, NC 27709, USA; (M.L.E.); (F.B.L.)
| | - Fred B. Lih
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute of Health, Research Triangle Park, Washington, NC 27709, USA; (M.L.E.); (F.B.L.)
| | - Jazmine A. Eccles-Miller
- Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; (L.A.W.); (M.C.H.); (J.A.E.-M.)
| | - Nishanth Tharayil
- Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; (N.T.); (E.L.)
| | - Elizabeth Leonard
- Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; (N.T.); (E.L.)
| | - William S. Baldwin
- Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; (L.A.W.); (M.C.H.); (J.A.E.-M.)
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4
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Warner JB, Hardesty JE, Song YL, Floyd AT, Deng Z, Jebet A, He L, Zhang X, McClain CJ, Hammock BD, Warner DR, Kirpich IA. Hepatic Transcriptome and Its Regulation Following Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Inhibition in Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 194:71-84. [PMID: 37925018 PMCID: PMC10768534 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is a serious public health problem with limited pharmacologic options. The goal of the current study was to investigate the efficacy of pharmacologic inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), an enzyme involved in lipid metabolism, in experimental ALD, and to examine the underlying mechanisms. C57BL/6J male mice were subjected to acute-on-chronic ethanol (EtOH) feeding with or without the sEH inhibitor 4-[[trans-4-[[[[4-trifluoromethoxy phenyl]amino]carbonyl]-amino]cyclohexyl]oxy]-benzoic acid (TUCB). Liver injury was assessed by multiple end points. Liver epoxy fatty acids and dihydroxy fatty acids were measured by targeted metabolomics. Whole-liver RNA sequencing was performed, and free modified RNA bases were measured by mass spectrometry. EtOH-induced liver injury was ameliorated by TUCB treatment as evidenced by reduced plasma alanine aminotransferase levels and was associated with attenuated alcohol-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress, reduced neutrophil infiltration, and increased numbers of hepatic M2 macrophages. TUCB altered liver epoxy and dihydroxy fatty acids and led to a unique hepatic transcriptional profile characterized by decreased expression of genes involved in apoptosis, inflammation, fibrosis, and carcinogenesis. Several modified RNA bases were robustly changed by TUCB, including N6-methyladenosine and 2-methylthio-N6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine. These findings show the beneficial effects of sEH inhibition by TUCB in experimental EtOH-induced liver injury, warranting further mechanistic studies to explore the underlying mechanisms, and highlighting the translational potential of sEH as a drug target for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey B Warner
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Josiah E Hardesty
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Ying L Song
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Alison T Floyd
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Zhongbin Deng
- Division of Immunotherapy, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky; Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Audriy Jebet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Liqing He
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Craig J McClain
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky; University of Louisville Alcohol Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky; University of Louisville Hepatobiology & Toxicology Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky; Robley Rex Veterans Medical Center, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Dennis R Warner
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Irina A Kirpich
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky; University of Louisville Alcohol Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky; University of Louisville Hepatobiology & Toxicology Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky.
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5
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Smiriglia A, Lorito N, Serra M, Perra A, Morandi A, Kowalik MA. Sex difference in liver diseases: How preclinical models help to dissect the sex-related mechanisms sustaining NAFLD and hepatocellular carcinoma. iScience 2023; 26:108363. [PMID: 38034347 PMCID: PMC10682354 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Only a few preclinical findings are confirmed in the clinic, posing a critical issue for clinical development. Therefore, identifying the best preclinical models can help to dissect molecular and mechanistic insights into liver disease pathogenesis while being clinically relevant. In this context, the sex relevance of most preclinical models has been only partially considered. This is particularly significant in NAFLD and HCC, which have a higher prevalence in men when compared to pre-menopause women but not to those in post-menopausal status, suggesting a role for sex hormones in the pathogenesis of the diseases. This review gathers the sex-relevant findings and the available preclinical models focusing on both in vitro and in vivo studies and discusses the potential implications and perspectives of introducing the sex effect in the selection of the best preclinical model. This is a critical aspect that would help to tailor personalized therapies based on sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Smiriglia
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Nicla Lorito
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Marina Serra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Andrea Perra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Andrea Morandi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Marta Anna Kowalik
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
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Auclair N, Sané AT, Ahmarani L, Ould-Chikh NEH, Patey N, Beaulieu JF, Delvin E, Spahis S, Levy E. High-fat diet reveals the impact of Sar1b defects on lipid and lipoprotein profile and cholesterol metabolism. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100423. [PMID: 37558128 PMCID: PMC10518719 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Biallelic pathogenic variants of the Sar1b gene cause chylomicron retention disease (CRD) whose central phenotype is the inability to secrete chylomicrons. Patients with CRD experience numerous clinical symptoms such as gastrointestinal, hepatic, neuromuscular, ophthalmic, and cardiological abnormalities. Recently, the production of mice expressing either a targeted deletion or mutation of Sar1b recapitulated biochemical and gastrointestinal defects associated with CRD. The present study was conducted to better understand little-known aspects of Sar1b mutations, including mouse embryonic development, lipid profile, and lipoprotein composition in response to high-fat diet, gut and liver cholesterol metabolism, sex-specific effects, and genotype-phenotype differences. Sar1b deletion and mutation produce a lethal phenotype in homozygous mice, which display intestinal lipid accumulation without any gross morphological abnormalities. On high-fat diet, mutant mice exhibit more marked abnormalities in body composition, adipose tissue and liver weight, plasma cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol and polyunsaturated fatty acids than those on the regular Chow diet. Divergences were also noted in lipoprotein lipid composition, lipid ratios (serving as indices of particle size) and lipoprotein-apolipoprotein distribution. Sar1b defects significantly reduce gut cholesterol accumulation while altering key players in cholesterol metabolism. Noteworthy, variations were observed between males and females, and between Sar1b deletion and mutation phenotypes. Overall, mutant animal findings reveal the importance of Sar1b in several biochemical, metabolic and developmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nickolas Auclair
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alain T Sané
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Léna Ahmarani
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Nathalie Patey
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-François Beaulieu
- Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Edgard Delvin
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Schohraya Spahis
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Emile Levy
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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7
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Eccles JA, Baldwin WS. Detoxification Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) in Families 1-3 Produce Functional Oxylipins from Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids. Cells 2022; 12:82. [PMID: 36611876 PMCID: PMC9818454 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This manuscript reviews the CYP-mediated production of oxylipins and the current known function of these diverse set of oxylipins with emphasis on the detoxification CYPs in families 1-3. Our knowledge of oxylipin function has greatly increased over the past 3-7 years with new theories on stability and function. This includes a significant amount of new information on oxylipins produced from linoleic acid (LA) and the omega-3 PUFA-derived oxylipins such as α-linolenic acid (ALA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). However, there is still a lack of knowledge regarding the primary CYP responsible for producing specific oxylipins, and a lack of mechanistic insight for some clinical associations between outcomes and oxylipin levels. In addition, the role of CYPs in the production of oxylipins as signaling molecules for obesity, energy utilization, and development have increased greatly with potential interactions between diet, endocrinology, and pharmacology/toxicology due to nuclear receptor mediated CYP induction, CYP inhibition, and receptor interactions/crosstalk. The potential for diet-diet and diet-drug/chemical interactions is high given that these promiscuous CYPs metabolize a plethora of different endogenous and exogenous chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William S. Baldwin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
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8
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Heintz MM, Eccles JA, Olack EM, Maner-Smith KM, Ortlund EA, Baldwin WS. Human CYP2B6 produces oxylipins from polyunsaturated fatty acids and reduces diet-induced obesity. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277053. [PMID: 36520866 PMCID: PMC9754190 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple factors in addition to over consumption lead to obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the United States and worldwide. CYP2B6 is the only human detoxification CYP whose loss is associated with obesity, and Cyp2b-null mice show greater diet-induced obesity with increased steatosis than wildtype mice. However, a putative mechanism has not been determined. LC-MS/MS revealed that CYP2B6 metabolizes PUFAs, with a preference for metabolism of ALA to 9-HOTrE and to a lesser extent 13-HOTrE with a preference for metabolism of PUFAs at the 9- and 13-positions. To further study the role of CYP2B6 in vivo, humanized-CYP2B6-transgenic (hCYP2B6-Tg) and Cyp2b-null mice were fed a 60% high-fat diet for 16 weeks. Compared to Cyp2b-null mice, hCYP2B6-Tg mice showed reduced weight gain and metabolic disease as measured by glucose tolerance tests, however hCYP2B6-Tg male mice showed increased liver triglycerides. Serum and liver oxylipin metabolite concentrations increased in male hCYP2B6-Tg mice, while only serum oxylipins increased in female hCYP2B6-Tg mice with the greatest increases in LA oxylipins metabolized at the 9 and 13-positions. Several of these oxylipins, specifically 9-HODE, 9-HOTrE, and 13-oxoODE, are PPAR agonists. RNA-seq data also demonstrated sexually dimorphic changes in gene expression related to nuclear receptor signaling, especially CAR > PPAR with qPCR suggesting PPARγ signaling is more likely than PPARα signaling in male mice. Overall, our data indicates that CYP2B6 is an anti-obesity enzyme, but probably to a lesser extent than murine Cyp2b's. Therefore, the inhibition of CYP2B6 by xenobiotics or dietary fats can exacerbate obesity and metabolic disease potentially through disrupted PUFA metabolism and the production of key lipid metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M. Heintz
- Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jazmine A. Eccles
- Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Emily M. Olack
- Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kristal M. Maner-Smith
- Emory Integrated Metabolomics and Lipodomics Core, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Eric A. Ortlund
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - William S. Baldwin
- Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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9
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Preston SP, Stutz MD, Allison CC, Nachbur U, Gouil Q, Tran BM, Duvivier V, Arandjelovic P, Cooney JP, Mackiewicz L, Meng Y, Schaefer J, Bader SM, Peng H, Valaydon Z, Rajasekaran P, Jennison C, Lopaticki S, Farrell A, Ryan M, Howell J, Croagh C, Karunakaran D, Schuster-Klein C, Murphy JM, Fifis T, Christophi C, Vincan E, Blewitt ME, Thompson A, Boddey JA, Doerflinger M, Pellegrini M. Epigenetic Silencing of RIPK3 in Hepatocytes Prevents MLKL-mediated Necroptosis From Contributing to Liver Pathologies. Gastroenterology 2022; 163:1643-1657.e14. [PMID: 36037995 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Necroptosis is a highly inflammatory mode of cell death that has been implicated in causing hepatic injury including steatohepatitis/ nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH); however, the evidence supporting these claims has been controversial. A comprehensive, fundamental understanding of cell death pathways involved in liver disease critically underpins rational strategies for therapeutic intervention. We sought to define the role and relevance of necroptosis in liver pathology. METHODS Several animal models of human liver pathology, including diet-induced steatohepatitis in male mice and diverse infections in both male and female mice, were used to dissect the relevance of necroptosis in liver pathobiology. We applied necroptotic stimuli to primary mouse and human hepatocytes to measure their susceptibility to necroptosis. Paired liver biospecimens from patients with NASH, before and after intervention, were analyzed. DNA methylation sequencing was also performed to investigate the epigenetic regulation of RIPK3 expression in primary human and mouse hepatocytes. RESULTS Identical infection kinetics and pathologic outcomes were observed in mice deficient in an essential necroptotic effector protein, MLKL, compared with control animals. Mice lacking MLKL were indistinguishable from wild-type mice when fed a high-fat diet to induce NASH. Under all conditions tested, we were unable to induce necroptosis in hepatocytes. We confirmed that a critical activator of necroptosis, RIPK3, was epigenetically silenced in mouse and human primary hepatocytes and rendered them unable to undergo necroptosis. CONCLUSIONS We have provided compelling evidence that necroptosis is disabled in hepatocytes during homeostasis and in the pathologic conditions tested in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon P Preston
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael D Stutz
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cody C Allison
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ueli Nachbur
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Quentin Gouil
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bang Manh Tran
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Valerie Duvivier
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center for Therapeutic Innovation, SERVIER Group, Suresnes, France
| | - Philip Arandjelovic
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - James P Cooney
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Liana Mackiewicz
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yanxiang Meng
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jan Schaefer
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stefanie M Bader
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hongke Peng
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zina Valaydon
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pravin Rajasekaran
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Charlie Jennison
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sash Lopaticki
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ann Farrell
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marno Ryan
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jess Howell
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Catherine Croagh
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Denuja Karunakaran
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia; Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carole Schuster-Klein
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center for Therapeutic Innovation, SERVIER Group, Suresnes, France
| | - James M Murphy
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Theodora Fifis
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher Christophi
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Vincan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Victorian Infectious Disease Reference Laboratory, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Marnie E Blewitt
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alexander Thompson
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Justin A Boddey
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marcel Doerflinger
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Marc Pellegrini
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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10
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Mackowiak B, Xu M, Lin Y, Guan Y, Seo W, Ren R, Feng D, Jones JW, Wang H, Gao B. Hepatic CYP2B10 is highly induced by binge ethanol and contributes to acute-on-chronic alcohol-induced liver injury. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2022; 46:2163-2176. [PMID: 36224745 PMCID: PMC9771974 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The chronic-plus-binge model of ethanol consumption, where chronically (8-week) ethanol-fed mice are gavaged a single dose of ethanol (E8G1), is known to induce steatohepatitis in mice. However, how chronically ethanol-fed mice respond to multiple binges of ethanol remains unknown. METHODS We extended the E8G1 model to three gavages of ethanol (E8G3) spaced 24 h apart, sacrificed each group 9 h after the final gavage, analyzed liver injury, and examined gene expression changes using microarray analyses in each group to identify mechanisms contributing to liver responses to binge ethanol. RESULTS Surprisingly, E8G3 treatment induced lower levels of liver injury, steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis as compared to mice after E8G1 treatment. Microarray analyses identified several pathways that may contribute to the reduced liver injury after E8G3 treatment compared to E8G1 treatment. The gene encoding cytochrome P450 2B10 (Cyp2b10) was one of the top upregulated genes in the E8G1 group and was further upregulated in the E8G3 group, but only moderately induced after chronic ethanol consumption, as confirmed by RT-qPCR and western blot analyses. Genetic disruption of Cyp2b10 worsened liver injury in E8G1 and E8G3 mice with higher blood ethanol levels compared to wild-type control mice, while in vitro experiments revealed that CYP2b10 did not directly promote ethanol metabolism. Metabolomic analyses revealed significant differences in hepatic metabolites from E8G1-treated Cyp2b10 knockout and WT mice, and these metabolic alterations may contribute to the reduced liver injury in Cyp2b10 knockout mice. CONCLUSION Hepatic Cyp2b10 expression is highly induced after ethanol binge, and such upregulation reduces acute-on-chronic ethanol-induced liver injury via the indirect modification of ethanol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Mackowiak
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mingjiang Xu
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yuhong Lin
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yukun Guan
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Wonhyo Seo
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ruixue Ren
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dechun Feng
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jace W. Jones
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Hongbing Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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11
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Hino Y, Nagaoka K, Oki S, Etoh K, Hino S, Nakao M. Mitochondrial stress induces AREG expression and epigenomic remodeling through c-JUN and YAP-mediated enhancer activation. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:9765-9779. [PMID: 36095121 PMCID: PMC9508833 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleus–mitochondria crosstalk is essential for cellular and organismal homeostasis. Although anterograde (nucleus-to-mitochondria) pathways have been well characterized, retrograde (mitochondria-to-nucleus) pathways remain to be clarified. Here, we found that mitochondrial dysfunction triggered a retrograde signaling via unique transcriptional and chromatin factors in hepatic cells. Our transcriptomic analysis revealed that the loss of mitochondrial transcription factor A led to mitochondrial dysfunction and dramatically induced expression of amphiregulin (AREG) and other secretory protein genes. AREG expression was also induced by various mitochondria stressors and was upregulated in murine liver injury models, suggesting that AREG expression is a hallmark of mitochondrial damage. Using epigenomic and informatic approaches, we identified that mitochondrial dysfunction-responsive enhancers of AREG gene were activated by c-JUN/YAP1/TEAD axis and were repressed by chromatin remodeler BRG1. Furthermore, while mitochondrial dysfunction-activated enhancers were enriched with JUN and TEAD binding motifs, the repressed enhancers possessed the binding motifs for hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α, suggesting that both stress responsible and cell type-specific enhancers were reprogrammed. Our study revealed that c-JUN and YAP1-mediated enhancer activation shapes the mitochondrial stress-responsive phenotype, which may shift from metabolism to stress adaptation including protein secretion under such stressed conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Hino
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Katsuya Nagaoka
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Shinya Oki
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kan Etoh
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Shinjiro Hino
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Nakao
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
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12
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Age- and Diet-Dependent Changes in Hepatic Lipidomic Profiles of Phospholipids in Male Mice: Age Acceleration in Cyp2b-Null Mice. J Lipids 2022; 2022:7122738. [PMID: 35391786 PMCID: PMC8983274 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7122738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Increases in traditional serum lipid profiles are associated with obesity, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. Recent lipidomic analysis has indicated changes in serum lipidome profiles, especially in regard to specific phosphatidylcholines, associated with obesity. However, little work has evaluated murine hepatic liver lipidomic profiles nor compared these profiles across age, high-fat diet, or specific genotypes, in this case the lack of hepatic Cyp2b enzymes. In this study, the effects of age (9 months old), high-fat diet (4.5 months old), and the loss of three primarily hepatic xeno- and endobiotic metabolizing cytochrome P450 (Cyp) enzymes, Cyp2b9, Cyp2b10, and Cyp2b13 (Cyp2b-null mice), on the male murine hepatic lipidome were compared. Hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis show that age perturbs hepatic phospholipid profiles and serum lipid markers the most compared to young mice, followed by a high-fat diet and then loss of Cyp2b. Several lipid biomarkers such as PC/PE ratios, PE 38 : 6, and LPC concentrations indicate greater potential for NAFLD and hypertension with mixed effects in Cyp2b-null mice(less NAFLD and greater hypertension-associated markers). Lipid profiles from older mice contain greater total and n-6 fatty acids than normal diet (ND)-fed young mice; however, surprisingly, young Cyp2b-null mice contain high n-6 : n-3 ratios. Overall, the lack of Cyp2b typically enhanced adverse physiological parameters observed in the older (9 mo) mice with increased weight gain combined with a deteriorating cholesterol profile, but not necessarily all phospholipid profiles were adversely perturbed.
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13
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Sansilvestri Morel P, Duvivier V, Bertin F, Provost N, Hammoutene A, Hubert EL, Gonzalez A, Tupinon-Mathieu I, Paradis V, Delerive P. Procollagen C-Proteinase Enhancer-1 (PCPE-1) deficiency in mice reduces liver fibrosis but not NASH progression. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263828. [PMID: 35148334 PMCID: PMC8836302 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) is a major cause of end-stage liver diseases such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma resulting ultimately in increased liver-related mortality. Fibrosis is the main driver of mortality in NASH. Procollagen C-Proteinase Enhancer-1 (PCPE-1) plays a key role in procollagen maturation and collagen fibril formation. To assess its role in liver fibrosis and NASH progression, knock-out mice were evaluated in a dietary NASH model. Methods Global constitutive Pcolce-/- and WT male mice were fed with a Choline Deficient Amino acid defined High Fat Diet (CDA HFD) for 8 weeks. Liver triglycerides, steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis were assessed at histological, biochemical and gene expression levels. In addition, human liver samples from control and NASH patients were used to evaluate the expression of PCPE-1 at both mRNA and protein levels. Results Pcolce gene deficiency prevented diet-induced liver enlargement but not liver dysfunction. Furthermore, liver triglycerides, steatosis and inflammation were not modified in Pcolce-/- male mice compared to WT under CDA HFD. However, a significant decrease in liver fibrosis was observed in Pcolce-/- mice compared to WT under NASH diet, associated with a decrease in total and insoluble collagen content without any significant modifications in the expression of genes involved in fibrosis and extracellular matrix remodeling. Finally, PCPE-1 protein expression was increased in cirrhotic liver samples from both NASH and Hepatitis C patients. Conclusions Pcolce deficiency limits fibrosis but not NASH progression in CDA HFD fed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valerie Duvivier
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Research, Institut de Recherches Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Florence Bertin
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Research, Institut de Recherches Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Nicolas Provost
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Research, Institut de Recherches Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Adel Hammoutene
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Research, Institut de Recherches Servier, Suresnes, France
- Pathology Department, Hôpital Beaujon, Paris, France
| | - Edwige-Ludiwyne Hubert
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Research, Institut de Recherches Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Arantxa Gonzalez
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA and CIBERCV, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Isabelle Tupinon-Mathieu
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Suresnes, France
| | | | - Philippe Delerive
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Research, Institut de Recherches Servier, Suresnes, France
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14
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Al-Shaer AE, Pal A, Shaikh SR. Resolvin E1-ChemR23 Axis Regulates the Hepatic Metabolic and Inflammatory Transcriptional Landscape in Obesity at the Whole Genome and Exon Level. Front Nutr 2022; 8:799492. [PMID: 35004828 PMCID: PMC8740313 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.799492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Resolvin E1 (RvE1) is an immunoresolvent that is synthesized from eicosapentaenoic acid and can bind the receptor ERV1/ChemR23. We previously showed activation of the RvE1-ChemR23 axis improves hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia of obese mice; however, it remains unclear how RvE1 controls glucose homeostasis. Here we investigated hepatic metabolic and inflammatory transcriptional targets of the RvE1-ChemR23 axis using lean and obese wild type (WT) and ChemR23 knockout (KO) mice. We conducted an in-depth transcriptional study by preforming whole gene-level and exon-level analyses, which provide insight into alternative splicing variants and miRNA regulation. Compared to controls, WT and KO obese mice in the absence of RvE1 displayed similar gene-level profiles, which entailed dysregulated pathways related to glucose homeostasis. Notably, obese WT mice relative to lean controls showed a robust decrease in pathways related to the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids. At the exon-level, obese ChemR23 KOs compared to obese WT mice displayed changes in pathways related to hepatic lipid transport, cholesterol metabolism, and immunological functions such as complement cascades and platelet activation. Importantly, upon RvE1 administration to WT obese mice, we discovered upregulated genes in pathways relating to insulin sensitivity and downregulated genes related to regulators of TGF-β signaling. This transcriptional profile was generally not recapitulated with obese ChemR23 KO mice administered RvE1. Collectively, gene and exon-level analyses suggest RvE1 controls the hepatic transcriptional profile related to glucose homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, and inflammation in a manner that is largely dependent on ChemR23. These studies will drive future mechanistic experiments on the RvE1-ChemR23 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abrar E Al-Shaer
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Anandita Pal
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Saame Raza Shaikh
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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15
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Pyo JJ, Choi Y. Key hepatic signatures of human and mouse nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: A transcriptome-proteome data meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:934847. [PMID: 36267572 PMCID: PMC9576953 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.934847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the global prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), its pathophysiology remains unclear. In this study, we established highly confident nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) gene signatures and evaluated the pathological mechanisms underlying NASH through a systematic meta-analysis of transcriptome and proteome datasets obtained from NASH patients and mouse models. METHODS We analyzed NASH transcriptome datasets from 539 patients and 99 mice. A whole-liver tissue proteome dataset was used to confirm the protein level dysregulation of NASH signatures significant in both humans and mice. RESULTS In total, 254 human and 1,917 mouse NASH gene signatures were established. Up-regulated genes of 254 human signatures were associated with inflammation, steatosis, apoptosis, and extracellular matrix organization, whereas down-regulated genes were associated with response to metal ions and lipid and amino acid metabolism. When different mouse models were compared against humans, models with high fat and high fructose diet most closely resembled the genetic features of human NAFLD. Cross-species analysis revealed 66 genes that were concordantly dysregulated between human and mouse NASH. Among these, 14 genes were further validated to be dysregulated at the protein level. The resulting 14 genes included some of the well-established NASH associated genes and a promising NASH drug target. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that dysregulation of amino acid metabolism was the most significant hepatic perturbation in both human and mouse NASH. CONCLUSIONS We established the most comprehensive hepatic gene signatures for NASH in humans and mice to date. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to collectively analyze the common signatures between human and mouse NASH on a transcriptome-proteome scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Joo Pyo
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, South Korea
| | - Yongsoo Choi
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, South Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Yongsoo Choi,
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16
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Morán-Costoya A, Proenza AM, Gianotti M, Lladó I, Valle A. Sex Differences in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Estrogen Influence on the Liver-Adipose Tissue Crosstalk. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:753-774. [PMID: 33736456 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a hepatic and systemic disorder with a complex multifactorial pathogenesis. Owing to the rising incidence of obesity and diabetes mellitus, the prevalence of NAFLD and its impact on global health care are expected to increase in the future. Differences in NAFLD exist between males and females, and among females depending on their reproductive status. Clinical and preclinical data show that females in the fertile age are more protected against NAFLD, and studies in postmenopausal women and ovariectomized animal models support a protective role for estrogens. Recent Advances: An efficient crosstalk between the liver and adipose tissue is necessary to regulate lipid and glucose metabolism, protecting the liver from steatosis and insulin resistance contributing to NALFD. New advances in the knowledge of sexual dimorphism in liver and adipose tissue are providing interesting clues about the sex differences in NAFLD pathogenesis that could inspire new therapeutic strategies. Critical Issues: Sex hormones influence key master regulators of lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in liver and adipose tissue. All these sex-biased metabolic adjustments shape the crosstalk between liver and adipose tissue, contributing to the higher protection of females to NAFLD. Future Directions: The development of novel drugs based on the protective action of estrogens, but without its feminizing or undesired side effects, might provide new therapeutic strategies for the management of NAFLD. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 753-774.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Morán-Costoya
- Energy Metabolism and Nutrition Group, Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, Research Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain.,Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Ana M Proenza
- Energy Metabolism and Nutrition Group, Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, Research Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain.,Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research in the Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition Network, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Magdalena Gianotti
- Energy Metabolism and Nutrition Group, Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, Research Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain.,Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research in the Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition Network, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Lladó
- Energy Metabolism and Nutrition Group, Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, Research Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain.,Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research in the Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition Network, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adamo Valle
- Energy Metabolism and Nutrition Group, Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, Research Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain.,Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research in the Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition Network, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
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17
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Hamilton MC, Heintz MM, Pfohl M, Marques E, Ford L, Slitt AL, Baldwin WS. Increased toxicity and retention of perflourooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in humanized CYP2B6-Transgenic mice compared to Cyp2b-null mice is relieved by a high-fat diet (HFD). Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 152:112175. [PMID: 33838175 PMCID: PMC8154739 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PFOS is a persistent, fluorosurfactant used in multiple products. Murine Cyp2b's are induced by PFOS and high-fat diets (HFD) and therefore we hypothesized that human CYP2B6 may alleviate PFOS-induced steatosis. Cyp2b-null and hCYP2B6-Tg mice were treated with 0, 1, or 10 mg/kg/day PFOS by oral gavage for 21-days while provided a chow diet (ND) or HFD. Similar to murine Cyp2b10, CYP2B6 is inducible by PFOS. Furthermore, three ND-fed hCYP2B6-Tg females treated with 10 mg/kg/day PFOS died during the exposure period; neither Cyp2b-null nor HFD-fed mice died. hCYP2B6-Tg mice retained more PFOS in serum and liver than Cyp2b-null mice presumably causing the observed toxicity. In contrast, serum PFOS retention was reduced in the HFD-fed hCYP2B6-Tg mice; the opposite trend observed in HFD-fed Cyp2b-null mice. Hepatotoxicity biomarkers, ALT and ALP, were higher in PFOS-treated mice and repressed by a HFD. However, PFOS combined with a HFD exacerbated steatosis in all mice, especially in the hCYP2B6-Tg mice with significant disruption of key lipid metabolism genes such as Srebp1, Pparg, and Hmgcr. In conclusion, CYP2B6 is induced by PFOS but does not alleviate PFOS toxicity presumably due to increased retention. CYP2B6 protects from PFOS-mediated steatosis in ND-fed mice, but increases steatosis when co-treated with a HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Hamilton
- Environmental Toxicology Program, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Melissa M Heintz
- Environmental Toxicology Program, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Marisa Pfohl
- College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Emily Marques
- College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Lucie Ford
- College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Angela L Slitt
- College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - William S Baldwin
- Environmental Toxicology Program, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA.
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Effects of Long-Term DHA Supplementation and Physical Exercise on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Development in Obese Aged Female Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020501. [PMID: 33546405 PMCID: PMC7913512 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and aging are associated to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) development. Here, we investigate whether long-term feeding with a docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-enriched diet and aerobic exercise, alone or in combination, are effective in ameliorating NAFLD in aged obese mice. Two-month-old female C57BL/6J mice received control or high fat diet (HFD) for 4 months. Then, the diet-induced obese (DIO) mice were distributed into four groups: DIO, DIO + DHA (15% dietary lipids replaced by a DHA-rich concentrate), DIO + EX (treadmill running), and DIO + DHA + EX up to 18 months. The DHA-rich diet reduced liver steatosis in DIO mice, decreasing lipogenic genes (Dgat2, Scd1, Srebp1c), and upregulated lipid catabolism genes (Hsl/Acox) expression. A similar pattern was observed in the DIO + EX group. The combination of DHA + exercise potentiated an increase in Cpt1a and Ppara genes, and AMPK activation, key regulators of fatty acid oxidation. Exercise, alone or in combination with DHA, significantly reversed the induction of proinflammatory genes (Mcp1, Il6, Tnfα, Tlr4) in DIO mice. DHA supplementation was effective in preventing the alterations induced by the HFD in endoplasmic reticulum stress-related genes (Ern1/Xbp1) and autophagy markers (LC3II/I ratio, p62, Atg7). In summary, long-term DHA supplementation and/or exercise could be helpful to delay NAFLD progression during aging in obesity.
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Yang N, Dong YQ, Jia GX, Fan SM, Li SZ, Yang SS, Li YB. ASBT(SLC10A2): A promising target for treatment of diseases and drug discovery. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 132:110835. [PMID: 33035828 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile acids has gradually become a new focus in various diseases, and ASBT as a transporter responsible for the reabsorption of ileal bile acids, is a key hinge associated to the bile acids-cholesterol balance and bile acids of enterohepatic circulation. The cumulative studies have also shown that ASBT is a promising target for treatment of liver, gallbladder, intestinal and metabolic diseases. This article briefly reviewed the process of bile acids enterohepatic circulation, as well as the regulations of ASBT expression, covering transcription factors, nuclear receptors and gut microbiota. In addition, the relationship between ASBT and various diseases were discussed in this paper. According to the structural classification of ASBT inhibitors, the research status of ASBT inhibitors and potential ASBT inhibitors of traditional Chinese medicine (such resveratrol, jatrorrhizine in Coptis chinensis) were summarized. This review provides a basis for the development of ASBT inhibitors and the treatment strategy of related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.10, Poyang Lake Road, Tuanbo New City, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Ya-Qian Dong
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.10, Poyang Lake Road, Tuanbo New City, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Guo-Xiang Jia
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.10, Poyang Lake Road, Tuanbo New City, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Si-Miao Fan
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.10, Poyang Lake Road, Tuanbo New City, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Shan-Ze Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.10, Poyang Lake Road, Tuanbo New City, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Shen-Shen Yang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.10, Poyang Lake Road, Tuanbo New City, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Yu-Bo Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.10, Poyang Lake Road, Tuanbo New City, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China.
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