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Park H, Hong T, An G, Park J, Song G, Lim W. Bifenox induces hepatotoxicity and vascular toxicity in zebrafish embryos via ROS production and alterations in signaling pathways. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 281:109918. [PMID: 38583696 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.109918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Existing evidence shows that currently used pesticides pose toxicological risks to exposed wildlife. Chemically, bifenox belongs to diphenyl ethers, a well-known group of herbicides. Its mechanism of action primarily involves inducing lipid peroxidation and blocking protoporphyrinogen oxidases. Toxicity of diphenyl ether herbicides has been elucidated in animal cells; however, in vivo toxicological evaluations of bifenox are required to determine its unexpected effects. This study aimed to determine the negative effects of bifenox, and its effects on higher eukaryotes. We found that early stages of zebrafish embryo exposed to bifenox demonstrated increased mortality and physiological defects, based on the LC50 value. Bifenox severely inhibited blood vessel growth by reducing key elements of complex connectivity; fluorescently tagged transgenic lines (fli1a:EGFP) showed morphological changes. Additionally, transgenic lines that selectively identified hepatocytes (fabp10a:DsRed) showed reduced fluorescence, indicating that bifenox may inhibit liver development. To evaluate the level of oxidative stress, we used 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) probes in zebrafish embryos to identify the underlying mechanisms causing developmental damage. Our findings demonstrate that exposure to bifenox causes abnormalities in the hepatic and cardiovascular systems during zebrafish embryogenesis. Therefore, this study provides new information for the evaluation of toxicological risks of bifenox in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hahyun Park
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeyeon Hong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Garam An
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Park
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Whasun Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
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Hyland C, McConnell K, DeYoung E, Curl CL. Evaluating the accuracy of satellite-based methods to estimate residential proximity to agricultural crops. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2024; 34:294-307. [PMID: 36002734 PMCID: PMC9950293 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-022-00467-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic investigations increasingly employ remote sensing data to estimate residential proximity to agriculture as a means of approximating individual-level pesticide exposure. Few studies have examined the accuracy of these methods and the implications for exposure misclassification. OBJECTIVES Compare metrics of residential proximity to agricultural land between a groundtruth approach and commonly-used satellite-based estimates. METHODS We inspected 349 fields and identified crops in current production within a 0.5 km radius of 40 residences in Idaho. We calculated the distance from each home to the nearest agricultural field and the total acreage of agricultural fields within a 0.5 km buffer. We compared these groundtruth estimates to satellite-derived estimates from three widely used datasets: CropScape, the National Land Cover Database (NLCD), and Landsat imagery (using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index thresholds). RESULTS We found poor to moderate agreement between the classification of individuals living within 0.5 km of an agricultural field between the groundtruth method and the comparison datasets (53.1-77.6%). All satellite-derived estimates overestimated the acreage of agricultural land within 0.5 km of each home (average = 82.8-148.9%). Using two satellite-derived datasets in conjunction resulted in substantial improvements; specifically, combining CropScape or NLCD with Landsat imagery had the highest percent agreement with the groundtruth data (92.8-93.8% agreement). SIGNIFICANCE Residential proximity to agriculture is frequently used as a proxy for pesticide exposure in epidemiologic investigations, and remote sensing-derived datasets are often the only practical means of identifying cultivated land. We found that estimates of agricultural proximity obtained from commonly-used satellite-based datasets are likely to result in exposure misclassification. We propose a novel approach that capitalizes on the complementary strengths of different sources of satellite imagery, and suggest the combined use of one dataset with high temporal resolution (e.g., Landsat imagery) in conjunction with a second dataset that delineates agricultural land use (e.g., CropScape or NLCD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly Hyland
- School of Public and Population Health, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA.
| | | | - Edwin DeYoung
- Department of Geosciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| | - Cynthia L Curl
- School of Public and Population Health, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
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3
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Awounou D, Mancini M, Lacour B, de Crouy-Chanel P, Aerts I, Minard-Colin V, Schleiermacher G, Verschuur A, Guissou S, Desandes E, Guldner L, Clavel J, Goujon S. Residential proximity to vines and risk of childhood embryonal tumours in France - GEOCAP case-control study, 2006-2013. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 240:117417. [PMID: 37865323 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to pesticides has been suggested as a potential risk factor for childhood embryonal tumour. The existing literature has mainly focused on parental occupational exposure and domestic use of pesticides, and is very limited for residential exposures to agricultural pesticides. The study aimed to test the hypothesis of an increased risk of embryonal tumour in children living close to viticultural plots, likely to be subject to frequent pesticide applications. METHODS The study is part of the French national registry-based GEOCAP program. We included 2761 cases of neuroblastoma, retinoblastoma, Wilms tumour and rhabdomyosarcoma diagnosed before the age of 15 years in the 2006-2013 period, and 40,196 controls representative of the same age population during this period. Indicators of proximity to vines, the presence of vines and viticulture density within 1000 m of the geocoded addresses of residence, were evaluated combining three sources of data on agricultural land use in a geographic information system. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using unconditional logistic regressions and carried out several sensitivity analyses to test the stability of the results. RESULTS Approximately 10% of the controls lived within 1000 m of vines, with regional variations ranging from <1% to 38%. We observed a 5% increase in the risk of neuroblastoma for a 10% increase in viticulture density (OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 0.98-1.13), with a regional heterogeneity. The indicators of proximity to vines were not associated with the other non-CNS embryonal tumours. CONCLUSION The study showed a slight increase in the risk of neuroblastoma in children living close to vines, suggesting that residential exposure to agricultural pesticides may be involved in the occurrence of these tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Awounou
- Inserm UMR1153, Epidemiology of Childhood and Adolescent Cancers (EPICEA) team, Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, Center for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Paris, France.
| | - Matthieu Mancini
- Inserm UMR1153, Epidemiology of Childhood and Adolescent Cancers (EPICEA) team, Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, Center for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Paris, France
| | - Brigitte Lacour
- Inserm UMR1153, Epidemiology of Childhood and Adolescent Cancers (EPICEA) team, Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, Center for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Paris, France; French National Registry of Childhood Cancers, RNHE, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris-Sud, AP-HP, Villejuif, and RNTSE, CHRU de Nancy, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Perrine de Crouy-Chanel
- Santé publique France, the French Public Health Agency, Direction Appui, Traitements et Analyses des données (DATA), Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Isabelle Aerts
- SIREDO Centre (Care, Innovation, Research In Pediatric, Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology), Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Minard-Colin
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy - Inserm UMR1015, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Gudrun Schleiermacher
- SIREDO Centre (Care, Innovation, Research In Pediatric, Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology), Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Arnauld Verschuur
- Department of Paediatric Haematology, Immunology and Oncology, Children Hospital of La Timone, AP-HM, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Sandra Guissou
- Inserm UMR1153, Epidemiology of Childhood and Adolescent Cancers (EPICEA) team, Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, Center for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Paris, France; French National Registry of Childhood Cancers, RNHE, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris-Sud, AP-HP, Villejuif, and RNTSE, CHRU de Nancy, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Emmanuel Desandes
- Inserm UMR1153, Epidemiology of Childhood and Adolescent Cancers (EPICEA) team, Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, Center for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Paris, France; French National Registry of Childhood Cancers, RNHE, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris-Sud, AP-HP, Villejuif, and RNTSE, CHRU de Nancy, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Laurence Guldner
- Santé publique France, the French Public Health Agency, Direction Santé Environnement Travail (DSET), Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Jacqueline Clavel
- Inserm UMR1153, Epidemiology of Childhood and Adolescent Cancers (EPICEA) team, Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, Center for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Paris, France; French National Registry of Childhood Cancers, RNHE, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris-Sud, AP-HP, Villejuif, and RNTSE, CHRU de Nancy, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Stéphanie Goujon
- Inserm UMR1153, Epidemiology of Childhood and Adolescent Cancers (EPICEA) team, Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, Center for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Paris, France; French National Registry of Childhood Cancers, RNHE, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris-Sud, AP-HP, Villejuif, and RNTSE, CHRU de Nancy, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
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Navarro I, de la Torre A, Sanz P, Baldi I, Harkes P, Huerta-Lwanga E, Nørgaard T, Glavan M, Pasković I, Pasković MP, Abrantes N, Campos I, Alcon F, Contreras J, Alaoui A, Hofman J, Vested A, Bureau M, Aparicio V, Mandrioli D, Sgargi D, Mol H, Geissen V, Silva V, Martínez MÁ. Occurrence of pesticide residues in indoor dust of farmworker households across Europe and Argentina. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167797. [PMID: 37838044 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are widely used as plant protection products (PPPs) in farming systems to preserve crops against pests, weeds, and fungal diseases. Indoor dust can act as a chemical repository revealing occurrence of pesticides in the indoor environment at the time of sampling and the (recent) past. This in turn provides information on the exposure of humans to pesticides in their homes. In the present study, part of the Horizon 2020 funded SPRINT project, the presence of 198 pesticide residues was assessed in 128 indoor dust samples from both conventional and organic farmworker households across Europe, and in Argentina. Mixtures of pesticide residues were found in all dust samples (25-121, min-max; 75, median). Concentrations varied in a wide range (<0.01 ng/g-206 μg/g), with glyphosate and its degradation product AMPA, permethrin, cypermethrin and piperonyl butoxide found in highest levels. Regarding the type of pesticides, insecticides showed significantly higher levels than herbicides and fungicides. Indoor dust samples related to organic farms showed a significantly lower number of residues, total and individual concentrations than those related to conventional farms. Some pesticides found in indoor dust were no longer approved ones (29 %), with acute/chronic hazards to human health (32 %) and with environmental toxicity (21 %).
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Navarro
- Unit of POPs and Emerging Pollutants in Environment, Department of Environment, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Adrián de la Torre
- Unit of POPs and Emerging Pollutants in Environment, Department of Environment, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Sanz
- Unit of POPs and Emerging Pollutants in Environment, Department of Environment, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabelle Baldi
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, BPH, U1219 Bordeaux, France
| | - Paula Harkes
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Esperanza Huerta-Lwanga
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Matjaž Glavan
- Agronomy Department, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Igor Pasković
- Department of Agriculture and Nutrition, Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Porec, Croatia
| | - Marija Polić Pasković
- Department of Agriculture and Nutrition, Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Porec, Croatia
| | - Nelson Abrantes
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Isabel Campos
- Department of Environment and Planning and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Francisco Alcon
- Department of Business Economics, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Spain
| | - Josefina Contreras
- Department Agricultural Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Spain
| | - Abdallah Alaoui
- Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jakub Hofman
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Anne Vested
- Department of Public Health - Unit for Environment, Occupation, and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | | | | | - Daniele Mandrioli
- Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center, Ramazzini Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daria Sgargi
- Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center, Ramazzini Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Hans Mol
- Wageningen Food Safety Research - part of Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Violette Geissen
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Vera Silva
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - María Ángeles Martínez
- Unit of POPs and Emerging Pollutants in Environment, Department of Environment, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
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Kim CJ, Yuan X, Kim M, Kyung KS, Noh HH. Monitoring and risk analysis of residual pesticides drifted by unmanned aerial spraying. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10834. [PMID: 37407576 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36822-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the residual characteristics of pesticides drifted by unmanned aerial spray according to buffer strip, windbreak, and morphological characteristics of non-target crops, suggest prevention for drift reduction, and finally conduct a risk analysis on pesticides exceeding the maximum residue limit (MRL) or uniform level (0.01 mg/kg) of the positive list system (PLS). Non-target crops were collected around the aerial sprayed area (paddy rice) in Boryeong, Seocheon, and Pyeongtaek after UAV spray. When pesticides were detected in more than three samples, Duncan's multiple range test was performed. In cases where pesticides were detected in only two samples, an independent sample t-test was conducted (p < 0.05). The drift rate of pesticides tends to decrease by up to 100% as the buffer distance from aerial sprayed area increases or when a windbreak, such as maize, is present between two locations. Thus, the reduction of drifted pesticides could be effective if both factors were applied near the UAV spray area. Moreover, the residue of drifted pesticides was found to be the highest in leafy vegetables such as perilla leaves or leaf and stem vegetables such as Welsh onion, followed by fruit vegetables and cucurbits, owing to the morphological characteristics of crops. Therefore, selecting pulse or cereal such as soybean or maize as a farm product near the UAV spray area can be considered to minimize the drift. For pesticides that exceed the MRL or PLS uniform level, %acceptable dietary intake is 0-0.81% with no risk. Additionally, employing pesticides approved for both paddy rice and farm products in UAV spraying can effectively minimize instances where MRL or PLS are exceeded. Therefore, this study aims to provide farmers with effective guidelines for mitigating drift. Furthermore, we strive to promote stable and uninterrupted food production while facilitating the utilization of agricultural technologies such as UAV spraying to address labor shortages and ensure sustainable food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Jo Kim
- Residual Agrochemical Assessment Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju, 55365, Korea
| | - Xiu Yuan
- Residual Agrochemical Assessment Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju, 55365, Korea
| | - Min Kim
- Residual Agrochemical Assessment Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju, 55365, Korea
| | - Kee Sung Kyung
- Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Life and Environment Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Korea.
| | - Hyun Ho Noh
- Residual Agrochemical Assessment Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju, 55365, Korea.
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Hyland C, Spivak M, Sheppard L, Lanphear BP, Antoniou M, Ospina M, Calafat AM, Curl CL. Urinary Glyphosate Concentrations among Pregnant Participants in a Randomized, Crossover Trial of Organic and Conventional Diets. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:77005. [PMID: 37493357 PMCID: PMC10370340 DOI: 10.1289/ehp12155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consumption of an organic diet reduces exposure to a range of agricultural pesticides. Only three studies have examined the effect of an organic diet intervention on exposure to the herbicide glyphosate, the most heavily used agricultural chemical in the world. Despite its widespread use, the primary sources of glyphosate exposure in humans are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to examine the effect of an organic diet intervention on urinary glyphosate concentrations among pregnant individuals. METHODS We conducted a 2-wk randomized crossover trial in which 39 pregnant participants living near (≤ 0.5 km ) and far (> 0.5 km ) from agricultural fields received a 1-wk supply of conventional groceries and 1 wk of organic groceries, randomized to order. We collected daily first morning void urine samples and analyzed composite samples from each week for glyphosate. We examined differences in urinary glyphosate concentrations between the conventional week and the organic week among all participants and stratified by residential proximity to an agricultural field. RESULTS Median specific gravity-adjusted glyphosate concentrations were 0.19 μ g / L and 0.16 μ g / L during the conventional and organic weeks, respectively. We observed modest decreases in urinary glyphosate concentrations from the conventional to organic week among far-field participants, but no difference among near-field participants. In secondary analyses excluding participants who did not meet a priori criteria of compliance with the intervention, we observed significant decreases in urinary glyphosate concentrations, particularly among far-field participants (p < 0.01 - 0.02 , depending on exclusion criteria). DISCUSSION This trial is the first to examine the effect of an organic diet intervention on glyphosate among people living near and far from agricultural fields. Our results suggest that diet is an important contributor to glyphosate exposure in people living > 0.5 km from agricultural fields; for people living near crops, agriculture may be a dominant exposure source during the pesticide spray season. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12155.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly Hyland
- School of Public and Population Health, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho, USA
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Meredith Spivak
- School of Public and Population Health, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho, USA
| | - Lianne Sheppard
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Michael Antoniou
- Gene Expression and Therapy Group, King’s College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Guy’s Hospital, London, UK
| | - Maria Ospina
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Antonia M. Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Cynthia L. Curl
- School of Public and Population Health, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho, USA
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Assessment of exposure to pesticide mixtures in five European countries by a harmonized urinary suspect screening approach. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2023; 248:114105. [PMID: 36563507 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2022.114105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Humans are exposed to a mixture of pesticides through diet as well as through the environment. We conducted a suspect-screening based study to describe the probability of (concomitant) exposure to a set of pesticide profiles in five European countries (Latvia, Hungary, Czech Republic, Spain and the Netherlands). We explored whether living in an agricultural area (compared to living in a peri-urban area), being a a child (compared to being an adult), and the season in which the urine sample was collected had an impact on the probability of detection of pesticides (-metabolites). In total 2088 urine samples were collected from 1050 participants (525 parent-child pairs) and analyzed through harmonized suspect screening by five different laboratories. Fourty pesticide biomarkers (either pesticide metabolites or the parent pesticides as such) relating to 29 pesticides were identified at high levels of confidence in samples across all study sites. Most frequently detected were biomarkers related to the parent pesticides acetamiprid and chlorpropham. Other biomarkers with high detection rates in at least four countries related to the parent pesticides boscalid, fludioxonil, pirimiphos-methyl, pyrimethanil, clothianidin, fluazifop and propamocarb. In 84% of the samples at least two different pesticides were detected. The median number of detected pesticides in the urine samples was 3, and the maximum was 13 pesticides detected in a single sample. The most frequently co-occurring substances were acetamiprid with chlorpropham (in 62 urine samples), and acetamiprid with tebuconazole (30 samples). Some variation in the probability of detection of pesticides (-metabolites) was observed with living in an agricultural area or season of urine sampling, though no consistent patterns were observed. We did observe differences in the probability of detection of a pesticide (metabolite) among children compared to adults, suggesting a different exposure and/or elimination patterns between adults and children. This survey demonstrates the feasibility of conducting a harmonized pan-European sample collection, combined with suspect screening to provide insight in the presence of exposure to pesticide mixtures in the European population, including agricultural areas. Future improvements could come from improved (harmonized) quantification of pesticide levels.
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Madrigal JM, Gunier RB, Jones RR, Flory A, Metayer C, Nuckols JR, Ward MH. Contributions of nearby agricultural insecticide applications to indoor residential exposures. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 171:107657. [PMID: 36493610 PMCID: PMC10038187 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pesticide exposure has been associated with adverse health effects. We evaluated relationships between proximity to agricultural insecticide applications and insecticides in household dust, accounting for land use and wind direction. METHODS We measured concentrations (ng/g) of nine insecticides in carpet-dust samples collected from 598 California homes. Using a geographic information system (GIS), we integrated the California Pesticide Use Reporting (CPUR) database to estimate agricultural use within residential buffers with radii of 0.5 to 4 km. We calculated the density of use (kg/km2) during 30-, 60-, 180-, and 365-day periods prior to dust collection and evaluated relationships between three density metrics (CPUR unit-based, agricultural land area adjusted, and average daily wind direction adjusted) and dust concentrations. We modeled natural-log transformed concentrations using Tobit regression for carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, diazinon, and permethrin. Odds of detection were modeled with logistic regression for azinphos-methyl, cyfluthrin, malathion, and phosmet. We adjusted for season, year, occupation, and home/garden uses. RESULTS Chlorpyrifos use within 1-4 km was associated with 1 to 2-times higher dust concentrations in both the 60- and 365-day periods. Carbaryl applications within 2-4 km of homes 60-days prior to dust collection were associated with 3 to 7-times higher concentrations and the 4 km trend was strongest using the wind-adjusted metric (p-trend = 0.04). For diazinon, there were 2-times higher concentrations for the 60-day metrics in the 2 km buffer and for the CPUR and wind-adjusted metrics within 4 km. Cyfluthrin, phosmet, and azinphos-methyl applications within 4 km in the prior 365-days were associated with 2-, 6-, and 3-fold higher odds of detection, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Agricultural use of six of the nine insecticides within 4 km is an important determinant of indoor contamination. Our findings demonstrated that GIS-based metrics for quantifying potential exposure to fugitive emissions from agriculture should incorporate tailored distances and time periods and support wind-adjustment for some, but not all insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Madrigal
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD, USA.
| | - Robert B Gunier
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health (CERCH), University of California, Berkeley, School of Public Health, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Rena R Jones
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | - Catherine Metayer
- University of California, Berkeley, School of Public Health, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - John R Nuckols
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA; JRN Environmental Health Sciences, Ltd, North Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mary H Ward
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD, USA
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Degrendele C, Prokeš R, Šenk P, Jílková SR, Kohoutek J, Melymuk L, Přibylová P, Dalvie MA, Röösli M, Klánová J, Fuhrimann S. Human Exposure to Pesticides in Dust from Two Agricultural Sites in South Africa. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10100629. [PMID: 36287909 PMCID: PMC9610731 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10100629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decades, concern has arisen worldwide about the negative impacts of pesticides on the environment and human health. Exposure via dust ingestion is important for many chemicals but poorly characterized for pesticides, particularly in Africa. We investigated the spatial and temporal variations of 30 pesticides in dust and estimated the human exposure via dust ingestion, which was compared to inhalation and soil ingestion. Indoor dust samples were collected from thirty-eight households and two schools located in two agricultural regions in South Africa and were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. We found 10 pesticides in dust, with chlorpyrifos, terbuthylazine, carbaryl, diazinon, carbendazim, and tebuconazole quantified in >50% of the samples. Over seven days, no significant temporal variations in the dust levels of individual pesticides were found. Significant spatial variations were observed for some pesticides, highlighting the importance of proximity to agricultural fields or of indoor pesticide use. For five out of the nineteen pesticides quantified in dust, air, or soil (i.e., carbendazim, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, diuron and propiconazole), human intake via dust ingestion was important (>10%) compared to inhalation or soil ingestion. Dust ingestion should therefore be considered in future human exposure assessment to pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Degrendele
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, LCE, 13003 Marseille, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Roman Prokeš
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Šenk
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Jiří Kohoutek
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lisa Melymuk
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Přibylová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Mohamed Aqiel Dalvie
- Centre for Environmental and Occupational Health Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Martin Röösli
- University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jana Klánová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Samuel Fuhrimann
- University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), 4002 Basel, Switzerland
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands
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10
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Mu H, Zhang J, Yang X, Wang K, Xu W, Zhang H, Liu X, Ritsema CJ, Geissen V. Pesticide screening and health risk assessment of residential dust in a rural region of the North China Plain. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:135115. [PMID: 35636607 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides that have accumulated in arable soil could be easily transported by wind erosion, thereby potentially threating air quality and human health in surrounding areas. The risks this poses to farmers exposed to pesticide-associated dust is still unknown, especially in rural areas of China. In this study, we screened pesticide residues in dust (indoor and outdoor) collected from the homes and yards of pesticide sprayers (21 participants) and farm workers (14 participants) living in Quzhou County located in the North China Plain to assess health risks by exposed to pesticide-contaminated dust. The results showed that multiple pesticide residues were detected in the dust samples and more than 90% of the samples contained over 10 pesticide residues. The maximum detected number of residues was 23, out of the 25 pesticides currently used in the farming area. There was a wide range of pesticide concentrations with the geometric mean values measuring between 0.03 and 0.86 mg kg-1. More residues and higher concentrations of pesticides were detected in indoor dust compared to outdoor dust. Over the monitoring period, the pesticide application has not caused significant pesticide accumulation in dust. The measured concentrations of carbendazim, dimethomorph, dimethomorph and pendimethalin paired indoor-outdoor dust samples were significantly correlated (p < 0.05). The health risks were assessed using the hazard index (HI) and highest HI was found for children under indoor exposure (HI = 0.82). In addition, based on the survey and statistics, pesticide preparation in the home was significantly correlated with the pesticide indoor exposure level. Therefore, farmers should take measures, such as preparing pesticides outside of the house or in the open fields with protection, in order to avoid the exposure risk of pesticides associated with dust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Mu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of Ministry of Education, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jingcheng Zhang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaomei Yang
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands; College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, China
| | - Kai Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of Ministry of Education, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Wen Xu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of Ministry of Education, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Xuejun Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of Ministry of Education, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Coen J Ritsema
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Violette Geissen
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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11
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Figueiredo DM, Vermeulen RCH, Jacobs C, Holterman HJ, van de Zande JC, van den Berg F, Gooijer YM, Lageschaar L, Buijtenhuijs D, Krop E, Huss A, Duyzer J. OBOMod - Integrated modelling framework for residents' exposure to pesticides. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 825:153798. [PMID: 35151737 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pesticides can be transported from the site of application to homes via different routes and lead to exposure of residents, raising concerns regarding health effects. We built a deterministic model framework (OBOmod) to assess exposure of residents living near fields where pesticides are applied. METHODS OBOmod connects five independent models operating on an hourly timescale and high spatial resolution (meters). Models include descriptions of spray drift, volatilization, atmospheric transport and dispersion, exchange between outdoor and indoor air and exchange between indoor air and dust. Fourteen bulb field applications under different weather conditions and comprising 12 pesticides were simulated. Each simulation included the first seven days after the application. The concentrations computed with OBOmod were compared with those measured in outdoor and indoor air and the amounts measured in indoor dust samples. RESULTS Model evaluation indicated suitability of the developed framework to estimate outdoor and indoor air concentrations. For most pesticides, model accuracy was good. The framework explained about 30% to 95% of the temporal and spatial variability of air concentrations. For 20% of the simulations, the framework explained more than 35% of spatial variability of concentrations in dust. In general, OBOmod estimates remained within one order of magnitude from measured levels. Calculations showed that in addition to spray drift during application, volatilization from the field after spraying and pesticides in house dust are important routes for residents' exposure to pesticides. CONCLUSIONS Our framework covers many processes needed to calculate exposure of residents to pesticides. The evaluation phase shows that, with the exception of the dust model, the framework can be used in support of health and epidemiological studies, and can serve as a tool to support development of regulations and policy making regarding pesticide use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Figueiredo
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Roel C H Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Julius Centre for Public Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Cor Jacobs
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Henk Jan Holterman
- Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan C van de Zande
- Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Frederik van den Berg
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Yvonne M Gooijer
- CLM Onderzoek en Advies BV, P.O. Box 62, 4100 AB Culemborg, the Netherlands
| | - Luuk Lageschaar
- CLM Onderzoek en Advies BV, P.O. Box 62, 4100 AB Culemborg, the Netherlands
| | - Daan Buijtenhuijs
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Esmeralda Krop
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Anke Huss
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Duyzer
- TNO Circular Economy and the Environment, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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12
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Décuq C, Bourdat-Deschamps M, Benoit P, Bertrand C, Benabdallah R, Esnault B, Durand B, Loubet B, Fritsch C, Pelosi C, Gaba S, Bretagnolle V, Bedos C. A multiresidue analytical method on air and rainwater for assessing pesticide atmospheric contamination in untreated areas. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 823:153582. [PMID: 35114221 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The use of pesticides in agriculture to protect crops against pests and diseases generates environmental contamination. The atmospheric compartment contributes to their dispersion at different distances from the application areas and to the exposure of organisms in untreated areas through dry and wet deposition. A multiresidue analytical method using the same TD-GC-MS analytical pipeline to quantify pesticide concentrations in both the atmosphere and rainwater was developed and tested in natura. A Box-Behnken experimental design was used to identify the best compromise in extraction conditions for all 27 of the targeted molecules in rainwater. Extraction yields were above 80% except for the pyrethroid family, for which the recovery yields were around 40-59%. TD-GC-MS proved to be a good analytical solution to detect and quantify pesticides in both target matrices with low limits of quantification. Twelve pesticides (six fungicides, five herbicides and one insecticide) were quantified in rainwater at concentrations ranging from 0.5 ng·L-1 to 170 ng·L-1 with a seasonal effect, and a correlation was found between the concentrations in rainwater and air. The calculated cumulative wet deposition rates are discussed regarding pesticide concentrations in the topsoil in untreated areas for some of the studied compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Décuq
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR EcoSys, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France.
| | | | - Pierre Benoit
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR EcoSys, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Colette Bertrand
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR EcoSys, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Rachid Benabdallah
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR EcoSys, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Baptiste Esnault
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR EcoSys, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Brigitte Durand
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR EcoSys, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Benjamin Loubet
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR EcoSys, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Clémentine Fritsch
- UMR 6249 Chrono-environnement CNRS, Université de Franche-Comté USC INRAE, 16 route de Gray, Besançon cedex 25030, France
| | - Céline Pelosi
- INRAE, Avignon Université, UMR EMMAH, 84000 Avignon, France
| | - Sabrina Gaba
- LTSER "Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre", CNRS, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France; USC 1339, Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, INRAE, 79360 Villiers en Bois, Beauvoir sur Niort, France
| | - Vincent Bretagnolle
- LTSER "Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre", CNRS, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France; CEBC, UMR 7372, CNRS, Université de la Rochelle, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Carole Bedos
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR EcoSys, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France
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13
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Habran S, Philippart C, Jacquemin P, Remy S. Mapping agricultural use of pesticides to enable research and environmental health actions in Belgium. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 301:119018. [PMID: 35182653 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Given the many public health and environmental impacts associated with the use of pesticides, comprehensive pesticide application data are a high priority for environmental and health professionals, government agencies, and community groups in Wallonia (Belgium). In that context, geographic information system (GIS) approaches for mapping estimates of agricultural pesticide use were developed in the present study. Data on pesticide application rates and high-resolution annual datasets of the geographic distribution of crops were used to complete this analysis in Wallonia over the period 2015-2017. The method was implemented in Python in order to allow easy update and improvements of maps, or to segment maps by individual pesticides, chemical groups of pesticides (e.g. insecticides, herbicides), etc. Linked databases were created to classify, select, and possibly weight AIs according to specific requests and criteria. The results provide a first map of agricultural pesticide use in Wallonia, which depicts the best picture up to now of their geographic distribution. Maps of fungicides, herbicides, and plant growth regulators showed quite similar spatial patterns as the map of the combination of all pesticides. In contrast, the insecticide map showed a specific pattern related almost exclusively to dwarf-tree orchards in some municipalities in northern Wallonia. This research work is a preliminary result on the spatial characterization of agricultural pesticide use in Wallonia and give a valuable basis for research and environmental health actions in Belgium. Forthcoming developments will focus on exposure characterization to agricultural pesticides using GIS models. Using this information, policymakers will able to detect potential priority zones and take action to check and reduce agricultural pesticide loads in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Habran
- Environmental Health Unit, Institut Scientifique de Service Public (ISSeP), Liege, Belgium.
| | - Christelle Philippart
- Environmental Health Unit, Institut Scientifique de Service Public (ISSeP), Liege, Belgium
| | - Pierre Jacquemin
- Environmental Health Unit, Institut Scientifique de Service Public (ISSeP), Liege, Belgium
| | - Suzanne Remy
- Environmental Health Unit, Institut Scientifique de Service Public (ISSeP), Liege, Belgium
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14
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Abdel-Rasoul GM, Salem EAA, Hendy OM, Rohlman D, Abdel Latif AAR, Elbadry AS. Respiratory, hepatic, renal, and hematological disorders among adolescent females environmentally exposed to pesticides, Menoufia governorate, Egypt. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:37804-37814. [PMID: 35072877 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18420-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Adolescent females are often environmentally exposed to pesticides by living near agricultural fields, by using pesticides at home, or by having contact with contaminated clothes and pesticide application work tools. This study assessed respiratory, hepatic, renal, and hematological health disorders that might arise due to environmental exposure to pesticides among adolescent females. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 100 adolescent females environmentally exposed to pesticides that had one or more of their family members working as seasonal pesticide applicators and 50 nonexposed (control) adolescent females from Menoufia governorate, Egypt. The studied period of pesticide application season of the cotton crop was from May 1 to September 1, 2017. Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire about pesticide exposure and respiratory, hepatic, renal, and hematological disorders. In addition, serum acetylcholinesterase (AChE), spirometry, complete blood count, and liver and kidney function tests were measured pre and post-pesticide application season. The control adolescent females had a higher AChE activity, a lower prevalence of respiratory symptoms, and higher means of spirometric measurements than the exposed group. During the pre- and postseason, the exposed group presented a prevalence of (6%, 24%) for cough, (4%, 11%) for rhinitis, and (6%, 26%) for dyspnea during the pre and postseason, respectively. In addition, there was a decrease in means of spirometric measurements (FEV1%, FEV1/FVC%, FEF 25-75%, and PEF%) in the postseason compared to preseason among the exposed group. Also, there were significant associations between (AChE) activity and both the prevalence of respiratory manifestations and spirometric measurements among the exposed females. On the other hand, there was a statistically significant increase in red blood corpuscle (RBC) and lymphocyte counts, and a statistically significantly lower mean hemoglobin level among the exposed group (postseason) than each of their pre-season values and the control group (P < 0.05). AChE level, total protein, albumin, and albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio levels were statistically significantly lower, while SGPT, SGOT and globulin, blood urea, and serum creatinine mean levels were statistically significantly higher among the exposed group (postseason) than either of their preseason or the control group (P < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between the AChE level and all studied CBC parameters for the exposed group reaching a statistically significant level with basophils (P < 0.05). Also, there was a negative correlation between the AChE level and each of SGPT, SGOT, ALP, globulin, blood urea, and serum creatinine for the exposed group reaching a statistically significant level with each of SGPT and SGOT (P < 0.05). At the same time, a nonsignificant positive correlation was found between AChE level and each of total protein, albumin, and A/G ratio (P > 0.05). So, environmental exposure to organophosphorus pesticides has a detrimental impact on respiratory, hepatic, renal, and hematological systems of adolescent females living in rural districts at the Menoufia governorate. Educational and training intervention programs on pesticide handling and safety precautions are recommended for protecting both pesticide workers and their family members who might be exposed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eman Abdel-Azeem Salem
- Environmental and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | | | | | | | - Aziza Saad Elbadry
- Environmental and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
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15
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Joseph N, Propper CR, Goebel M, Henry S, Roy I, Kolok AS. Investigation of Relationships Between the Geospatial Distribution of Cancer Incidence and Estimated Pesticide Use in the U.S. West. GEOHEALTH 2022; 6:e2021GH000544. [PMID: 35599961 PMCID: PMC9121053 DOI: 10.1029/2021gh000544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to evaluate the potential geospatial relationship between agricultural pesticide use and two cancer metrics (pediatric cancer incidence and total cancer incidence) across each of the 11 contiguous states in the Western United States at state and county resolution. The pesticide usage data were collected from the U.S. Geological Survey Pesticide National Synthesis Project database, while cancer data for each state were compiled from the National Cancer Institute State Cancer Profiles. At the state spatial scale, this study identified a significant positive association between the total mass of fumigants and pediatric cancer incidence, and also between the mass of one fumigant in particular, metam, and total cancer incidence (P-value < 0.05). At the county scale, the relationship of all cancer incidence to pesticide usage was evaluated using a multilevel model including pesticide mass and pesticide mass tertiles. Low pediatric cancer rates in many counties precluded this type of evaluation in association with pesticide usage. At the county scale, the multilevel model using fumigant mass, fumigant mass tertiles, county, and state predicted the total cancer incidence (R-squared = 0.95, NSE = 0.91, and Sum of square of residuals [SSR] = 8.22). Moreover, this study identified significant associations between total fumigant mass, high and medium tertiles of fumigant mass, total pesticide mass, and high tertiles of pesticide mass relative to total cancer incidence across counties. Fumigant application rate was shown to be important relative to the incidence of total cancer and pediatric cancer, at both state and county scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Joseph
- Idaho Water Resources Research InstituteUniversity of IdahoMoscowIDUSA
| | | | - Madeline Goebel
- Idaho Water Resources Research InstituteUniversity of IdahoMoscowIDUSA
| | - Shantel Henry
- Department of Biological SciencesNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffAZUSA
| | - Indrakshi Roy
- Center for Health Equity ResearchNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffAZUSA
| | - Alan S. Kolok
- Idaho Water Resources Research InstituteUniversity of IdahoMoscowIDUSA
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16
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Willenbockel CT, Prinz J, Dietrich S, Marx-Stoelting P, Weikert C, Tralau T, Niemann L. A Critical Scoping Review of Pesticide Exposure Biomonitoring Studies in Overhead Cultures. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10040170. [PMID: 35448431 PMCID: PMC9030759 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10040170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The exposure of operators, workers, residents and bystanders to pesticides is of high potential concern. Yet, reports on pesticide residues in the environment and near treated fields often spark debates if such findings might indicate a health risk. Although the underlying models are considered conservative, there are only limited field data on systemic exposure available. As a first step to improve the situation, we conducted a scoping review of state-of-the-art pesticide exposure biomonitoring studies in operators, workers, residents or bystanders. In contrast to existing reviews, we focused on target cultures of potential high pesticide exposure such as tree-grown produce, vine or hops. The search was conducted in Web of Science, Scopus and PubMed. Out of 17 eligible articles, a total of 11 studies met our search criteria, and 6 of them quantified the systemic exposure of humans. The analysis revealed that exposure was mainly driven by application of pesticides and reentry work, resulting in a higher exposure of operators and workers than of residents and bystanders. In nearly all cases, the systemic exposure was below the relevant toxicological reference values. The studies were subsequently analyzed to identify key criteria for a reliable design of a biomonitoring study on pesticide exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Tobias Willenbockel
- Department for Pesticide Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8–10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (C.T.W.); (J.P.); (P.M.-S.); (T.T.)
| | - Julia Prinz
- Department for Pesticide Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8–10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (C.T.W.); (J.P.); (P.M.-S.); (T.T.)
| | - Stefan Dietrich
- Department for Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8–10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (S.D.); (C.W.)
| | - Philip Marx-Stoelting
- Department for Pesticide Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8–10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (C.T.W.); (J.P.); (P.M.-S.); (T.T.)
| | - Cornelia Weikert
- Department for Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8–10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (S.D.); (C.W.)
| | - Tewes Tralau
- Department for Pesticide Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8–10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (C.T.W.); (J.P.); (P.M.-S.); (T.T.)
| | - Lars Niemann
- Department for Pesticide Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8–10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (C.T.W.); (J.P.); (P.M.-S.); (T.T.)
- Correspondence:
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17
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Dereumeaux C, Mercier F, Soulard P, Hulin M, Oleko A, Pecheux M, Fillol C, Denys S, Quenel P. Identification of pesticides exposure biomarkers for residents living close to vineyards in France. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 159:107013. [PMID: 34890902 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.107013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Biomonitoring can be relevant for assessing pesticides exposure of residents living close to vineyards (LCTV). However, because xenobiotics are generally present at low levels in human biological matrices and the sources of pesticide exposure are multiple, several challenges need to be overcome to reliably assess exposure in residents LCTV. This includes particularly identifying the most appropriate exposure biomarkers, the biological matrices in which they should be measured, and analytical methods that are sufficiently sensitive and specific to quantify them. The aim of the present study was to develop a tiered approach to identify relevant biomarkers and matrices for assessing pesticide exposure in residents LCTV. We used samples from a biobank for 121 adults and children included in a national prevalence study conducted between 2014 and 2016 who lived near or far from vineyards. We analyzed five priority pesticides (folpet, mancozeb, tebuconazole, glyphosate, and copper) and their metabolites in urine and hair samples. We identified relevant biomarkers according to three criteria related to: i) the detection frequency of those pesticides and metabolites in urine and hair, ii) the difference in concentrations depending on residence proximity to vineyards and, iii) the influence of other environmental and occupational exposure sources on pesticide levels. This tiered approach helped us to identify three relevant metabolites (two metabolites of folpet and one of tebuconazole) that were quantified in urine, tended to be higher in residents LCTV than in controls, and were not significantly influenced by occupational, dietary, or household sources of pesticide exposure. Our approach also helped us to identify the most appropriate measurement strategies (biological matrices, analytical methods) to assess pesticide exposure in residents LCTV. The approach developed here was a prerequisite step for guiding a large-scale epidemiological study aimed at comprehensively measuring pesticides exposures in French residents LCTV with a view to developing appropriate prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémentine Dereumeaux
- Direction of Environmental and Occupational Health, Santé Publique France, Saint Maurice Cedex, France.
| | - Fabien Mercier
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Pauline Soulard
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Marion Hulin
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94701 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Amivi Oleko
- Direction of Environmental and Occupational Health, Santé Publique France, Saint Maurice Cedex, France
| | - Marie Pecheux
- Direction of Environmental and Occupational Health, Santé Publique France, Saint Maurice Cedex, France
| | - Clémence Fillol
- Direction of Environmental and Occupational Health, Santé Publique France, Saint Maurice Cedex, France
| | - Sébastien Denys
- Direction of Environmental and Occupational Health, Santé Publique France, Saint Maurice Cedex, France
| | - Philippe Quenel
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
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18
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Paumgartten FJR. Letter to the Editor regarding "Multi-biomarker responses to pesticides in an agricultural population from Central Brazil" by. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 764:144298. [PMID: 33385657 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J R Paumgartten
- National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-361, Brazil.
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19
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Teysseire R, Manangama G, Baldi I, Carles C, Brochard P, Bedos C, Delva F. Determinants of non-dietary exposure to agricultural pesticides in populations living close to fields: A systematic review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 761:143294. [PMID: 33280875 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing evidence in the scientific literature that individuals living near fields are more exposed to agricultural pesticides than people living further away. OBJECTIVE The main objective of this systematic review was to identify the non-dietary determinants of pesticide exposure related to the drift pathway in residents living in agricultural areas, including spatial indictors related to agricultural activities, hygiene practices, behaviors and sociodemographic parameters. METHODS Three databases were consulted (PubMed, Web of sciences, Scopus). At least two experts selected the eligible studies. RESULTS A total of 27 original studies (2002-2020) fulfilled the eligibility criteria of this review. These publications explored pesticide exposure of individuals through measurements in biological samples (n = 13), environmental samples (n = 11) or both (n = 3). Spatial indicators, including residential proximity to fields, crop acreage around the residence and amounts of pesticides applied in the vicinity were identified as determinants of pesticide exposure in many studies (n = 17), including publications considered to be of very good or good quality (n = 12). Season of spraying tended to increase the levels of pesticides measured in five publications out of seven. Meteorological parameters and physical barriers showed an inconsistent and complex influence on the presence and levels of pesticides in urine samples and house dust. Frequent housekeeping reduced the presence of pesticides at home and consequently in biological matrices in three studies out of six. Finally, the effect of the occupants' sociodemographic characteristics, behaviors, and hygiene practices on the exposure measurement was less well documented and results were fairly inconsistent. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION This study consolidates our knowledge of the determinants influencing pesticide exposure levels in people living in agricultural areas. Nevertheless, the available scientific data is still too limited to serve as a basis for developing risk management measures. More research is needed to improve knowledge of the determinants of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaëlle Teysseire
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Inserm UMR1219-EPICENE, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Public Health Pole, Bordeaux Hospital, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Environmental Health Platform Dedicated to Reproduction, ARTEMIS Center, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Regional Health Agency of Nouvelle-Aquitaine, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
| | - Guyguy Manangama
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Inserm UMR1219-EPICENE, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Public Health Pole, Bordeaux Hospital, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Environmental Health Platform Dedicated to Reproduction, ARTEMIS Center, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Isabelle Baldi
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Inserm UMR1219-EPICENE, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Public Health Pole, Bordeaux Hospital, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Camille Carles
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Inserm UMR1219-EPICENE, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Public Health Pole, Bordeaux Hospital, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Patrick Brochard
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Inserm UMR1219-EPICENE, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Public Health Pole, Bordeaux Hospital, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Environmental Health Platform Dedicated to Reproduction, ARTEMIS Center, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Carole Bedos
- ECOSYS, INRA-AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Fleur Delva
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Inserm UMR1219-EPICENE, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Public Health Pole, Bordeaux Hospital, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Environmental Health Platform Dedicated to Reproduction, ARTEMIS Center, 33076 Bordeaux, France
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20
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Goodman JE, Prueitt RL, Boffetta P, Halsall C, Sweetman A. "Good Epidemiology Practice" Guidelines for Pesticide Exposure Assessment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E5114. [PMID: 32679916 PMCID: PMC7400458 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17145114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Both toxicology and epidemiology are used to inform hazard and risk assessment in regulatory settings, particularly for pesticides. While toxicology studies involve controlled, quantifiable exposures that are often administered according to standardized protocols, estimating exposure in observational epidemiology studies is challenging, and there is no established guidance for doing so. However, there are several frameworks for evaluating the quality of published epidemiology studies. We previously developed a preliminary list of methodology and reporting standards for epidemiology studies, called Good Epidemiology Practice (GEP) guidelines, based on a critical review of standardized toxicology protocols and available frameworks for evaluating epidemiology study quality. We determined that exposure characterization is one of the most critical areas for which standards are needed. Here, we propose GEP guidelines for pesticide exposure assessment based on the source of exposure data (i.e., biomonitoring and environmental samples, questionnaire/interview/expert record review, and dietary exposures based on measurements of residues in food and food consumption). It is expected that these GEP guidelines will facilitate the conduct of higher-quality epidemiology studies that can be used as a basis for more scientifically sound regulatory risk assessment and policy making.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robyn L. Prueitt
- Gradient, 600 Stewart Street, Suite 1900, Seattle, WA 98101, USA;
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA;
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Crispin Halsall
- Lancaster Environment Center, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK; (C.H.); (A.S.)
| | - Andrew Sweetman
- Lancaster Environment Center, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK; (C.H.); (A.S.)
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