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Kaplan V, Alkasaby M, Düken ME, Kaçkin Ö, Riad A. The impact of earthquakes on women: assessing women's mental health in aftermath of the Kahramanmaraş-centred earthquake in Türkiye. J Public Health (Oxf) 2024:fdae059. [PMID: 38702854 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdae059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Earthquakes disproportionately affect women and exacerbate gender and social inequalities. This study aims to investigate the psychological impact of the earthquake in Türkiye on women and the associated factors. METHODS This is a survey-based study. We collected data from 498 women residing in cities most affected by the earthquake. RESULTS Participants' mean age was 27.72 ± 5.4. Over 78% of the participants lost at least one family member, and 43.7% lost at least one child due to the earthquake. The mean average of Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) scores was 100.8 (SD = 8.37), and the Global Severity Index was 1.9 (SD = 0.16). Regression analysis showed that higher education levels predicted poor outcomes across most BSI dimensions. Losing a family member and shelter and injury status were also predictors for several mental health outcomes of the BSI subscales. CONCLUSIONS Earthquakes significantly impact women's well-being and may have a broader impact on the whole family. There is an urgent need to provide psycho-social interventions in the response and recovery phases of the crisis to meet the affected women's needs. This includes providing basic needs with attention to women-specific needs, restoring social networks, addressing gender-based violence and providing gender-sensitive specialized interventions for those who need further support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veysal Kaplan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Nursing Department, Harran University, Şanlıurfa, 63300, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Alkasaby
- Centre for Global Mental Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Mehmet Emin Düken
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Nursing Department, Harran University, Şanlıurfa, 63300, Turkey
| | - Özlem Kaçkin
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Nursing Department, Harran University, Şanlıurfa, 63300, Turkey
| | - Abanoub Riad
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
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Scuri S, Tesauro M, Petrelli F, Argento N, Damasco G, Cangelosi G, Nguyen CTT, Savva D, Grappasonni I. Use of an Online Platform to Evaluate the Impact of Social Distancing Measures on Psycho-Physical Well-Being in the COVID-19 Era. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116805. [PMID: 35682388 PMCID: PMC9180038 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Background: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) and the worldwide health crisis have significantly changed both people's habits and lifestyles. Most of the studies found in the literature were carried out on specific professional categories in the socio-health sector, taking into consideration psychological disorders in relation to work. The purpose of this study was to analyze the psychological impact on a portion of the normal population subjected to lockdown. Methods: A questionnaire was distributed in the period between 23 March 2020 and 18 May 2020 (during Italian lockdown) using an online platform. The scales GAD-7, IES-r, PHQ-9 and MANSA were used to investigate the level of anxiety, the presence of post-traumatic stress disorder, the severity of depression and the perceived quality of life, respectively. Results: Four hundred and eight Italian subjects responded. Females and younger people were more affected by anxiety and depression. Post-traumatic stress disorder affected about 40% of the population sample, significantly young people and women, thus attesting to an important psychopathological response. About one-fifth of the sample population recorded an unsatisfactory quality of life. Conclusions: The results highlight the need to set up preventive interventions (primary and secondary), trying to focus on the most fragile group of subjects from a psychosocial point of view, in order to obtain a significant reduction in psychophysical damage in terms of relapses and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Scuri
- School of Medicinal and Health Products Sciences, University of Camerino, 62032 Macerata, Italy; (S.S.); (N.A.); (G.D.); (I.G.)
| | - Marina Tesauro
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Fabio Petrelli
- School of Medicinal and Health Products Sciences, University of Camerino, 62032 Macerata, Italy; (S.S.); (N.A.); (G.D.); (I.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ninfa Argento
- School of Medicinal and Health Products Sciences, University of Camerino, 62032 Macerata, Italy; (S.S.); (N.A.); (G.D.); (I.G.)
| | - Genny Damasco
- School of Medicinal and Health Products Sciences, University of Camerino, 62032 Macerata, Italy; (S.S.); (N.A.); (G.D.); (I.G.)
| | | | - Cuc Thi Thu Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Administration and Economics, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam;
| | - Demetris Savva
- Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Nicosia General Hospital, Nicosia 2029, Cyprus;
| | - Iolanda Grappasonni
- School of Medicinal and Health Products Sciences, University of Camerino, 62032 Macerata, Italy; (S.S.); (N.A.); (G.D.); (I.G.)
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Abstract
Bergamo province was badly hit by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic. We organised a public-funded, multidisciplinary follow-up programme for COVID-19 patients discharged from the emergency department or from the inpatient wards of ‘Papa Giovanni XXIII’ Hospital, the largest public hospital in the area. As of 31 July, the first 767 patients had completed the first post-discharge multidisciplinary assessment. Patients entered our programme at a median time of 81 days after discharge. Among them, 51.4% still complained of symptoms, most commonly fatigue and exertional dyspnoea, and 30.5% were still experiencing post-traumatic psychological consequences. Impaired lung diffusion was found in 19%. Seventeen per cent had D-dimer values two times above the threshold for diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (two unexpected and clinically silent pulmonary thrombosis were discovered by investigating striking D-dimer elevation). Survivors of COVID-19 exhibit a complex array of symptoms, whose common underlying pathology, if any, has still to be elucidated: a multidisciplinary approach is fundamental, to address the different problems and to look for effective solutions.
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Wahab S, Yong LL, Chieng WK, Yamil M, Sawal NA, Abdullah NQ, Muhdisin Noor CR, Wd Wiredarma SM, Ismail R, Othman AH, Damanhuri HA. Post-traumatic Stress Symptoms in Adolescents Exposed to the Earthquake in Lombok, Indonesia: Prevalence and Association With Maladaptive Trauma-Related Cognition and Resilience. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:680393. [PMID: 34819880 PMCID: PMC8606579 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.680393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Natural disasters may physically and psychologically affect individuals and their surrounding community. This study determines the prevalence of post-traumatic stress (PTS) symptoms and its association with maladaptive trauma-related cognition and resilience among adolescents post-earthquake. Materials and Methods: Data were collected, in this cross-sectional study, during an intervention program post-earthquake held in a state high school located at Lombok, Indonesia. The study sample engaged students 14-19 years of age using the purposive sampling method. The questionnaires used to measure PTS symptoms, maladaptive trauma-related cognition, and resilience were Children's Revised Impact of Event Scale-13 (CRIES-13), Child Post-Traumatic Cognitions Inventory (CPTCI), and Child and Youth Resilience Measure-Revised (CYRM-R), respectively. Results: The prevalence of PTS symptoms was 69.9%. Among the respondents, 61.37% were female and 56.48% had mothers with lower educational levels. Using multiple linear regression, the final predictors of PTS symptoms were excessive reactions (e.g., wailing loudly, miserable shrieking) of proxy during earthquake (β = 3.283, p = 0.005), maladaptive trauma-related cognition (β = 0.224, p = 0.002), and resilience (β = 0.192, p < 0.001) with female gender (β = 7.350, p < 0.001) as a control variable. Through simple linear regression, victims who witnessed injury or death during the earthquake (p = 0.003), had a proxy died during the earthquake (p = 0.01), and trapped victims or those who had difficulty escaping (p = 0.01) were identified to potentially predict the occurrence of PTS symptoms, warranting further study. Conclusion: The presence of excessive proxy reactions during the earthquake, maladaptive trauma-related cognition, and resilience in adolescents exposed to a natural disaster are worth targeting and prioritizing in future post-disaster interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzaily Wahab
- Department of Psychiatry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Li Ling Yong
- Department of Psychiatry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wei Keong Chieng
- Department of Psychiatry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Myristica Yamil
- Department of Psychiatry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noor Azah Sawal
- Department of Psychiatry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Qiyaam Abdullah
- Faculty of Health Science, Universitas Muhammadiyah Mataram, Kota Mataram, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Rosnah Ismail
- Department of Community Health, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Aisya Hanim Othman
- Department of Psychiatry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hanafi Ahmad Damanhuri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The National University of Malaysia, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Hamwey MK, Gargano LM, Friedman LG, Leon LF, Petrsoric LJ, Brackbill RM. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder among Survivors of the September 11, 2001 World Trade Center Attacks: A Review of the Literature. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E4344. [PMID: 32560511 PMCID: PMC7344905 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Prior reviews of 9/11-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have not focused on the civilian survivors most directly exposed to the attacks. Survivors include those individuals who were occupants of buildings in or near the World Trade Center (WTC) towers, those whose primary residence or workplace was in the vicinity, and persons who were on the street passing through the area. This review reports published information on the prevalence of and risk factors for PTSD, as well as comorbidities associated with PTSD among 9/11 survivors. Articles selected for inclusion met the following criteria: (1) full-length, original peer-reviewed empirical articles; (2) published in English from 2002-2019; (3) collected data from persons directly exposed; (4) adult populations; and (5) focused on non-rescue or recovery workers (i.e., survivors). Data were extracted with focus on study design, sample size, time frame of data collection post-9/11, PTSD assessment instrument, and PTSD prevalence, risk factors, and comorbidities. Our review identified the use of cross-sectional and longitudinal designs, finding multiple direct comorbidities with PTSD, as well as the prevalence and persistence of PTSD. Future research would benefit from incorporating more mixed methods designs, and exploring the mediating mechanisms and protective factors of the known associations of PTSD among the 9/11 survivor population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Robert M. Brackbill
- World Trade Center Health Registry, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Long Island City, NY 11101, USA; (M.K.H.); (L.M.G.); (L.G.F.); (L.F.L.); (L.J.P.)
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