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Kering K, Wang Y, Mbae C, Mugo M, Ongadi B, Odityo G, Muturi P, Yakubu H, Liu P, Durry S, Deshpande A, Gebreyes W, Moe C, Kariuki S. Pathways of exposure to Vibrio Cholerae in an urban informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0002880. [PMID: 39163285 PMCID: PMC11335117 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Cholera is a diarrhoeal disease caused by Vibrio cholerae (V. cholerae) bacterium, with strains belonging to serogroups 01 and 0139 causing a huge proportion of the disease. V. cholerae can contaminate drinking water sources and food through poor sanitation and hygiene. This study aimed to identify environmental routes of exposure to V. cholerae within Mukuru informal settlement in Nairobi. We collected nine types of environmental samples (drinking water, flood water, open drains, surface water, shaved ice, raw produce, street food, soil, and public latrine swabs) over 12 months. All samples were analysed for V. cholerae by culture and qPCR, then qPCR-positive samples were quantified using a V. cholerae DNA standard. Data about the frequency of contact with the environment was collected using behavioural surveys. Of the 803 samples collected, 28.5% were positive for V. cholerae by qPCR. However, none were positive for V. cholerae by culture. V. cholerae genes were detected in majority of the environmental water samples (79.3%), including open drains, flood water, and surface water, but were only detected in small proportions of other sample types. Vibrio-positive environmental water samples had higher mean V. cholerae concentrations [2490-3469 genome copies (gc) per millilitre (mL)] compared to drinking water samples (25.6 gc/mL). Combined with the behavioural data, exposure assessment showed that contact with surface water had the highest contribution to the total V. cholerae exposure among children while ingestion of municipal drinking water and street food and contact with surface water made substantial contributions to the total V. cholerae exposure for adults. Detection of V. cholerae in street food and drinking water indicates possible risk of exposure to toxigenic V. cholerae in this community. Exposure to V. cholerae through multiple pathways highlights the need to improve water and sanitation infrastructure, strengthen food hygiene practices, and roll out cholera vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin Kering
- Centre for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Yuke Wang
- Center for Global Safe Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene, Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Cecilia Mbae
- Centre for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Michael Mugo
- Centre for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Beatrice Ongadi
- Centre for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Georgina Odityo
- Centre for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Peter Muturi
- Centre for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Habib Yakubu
- Center for Global Safe Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene, Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Pengbo Liu
- Center for Global Safe Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene, Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Sarah Durry
- Center for Global Safe Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene, Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Aniruddha Deshpande
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Wondwossen Gebreyes
- Global One Health initiative (GOHi), The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Christine Moe
- Center for Global Safe Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene, Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Samuel Kariuki
- Centre for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
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Asif A, Chen JS, Hussain B, Hsu GJ, Rathod J, Huang SW, Wu CC, Hsu BM. The escalating threat of human-associated infectious bacteria in surface aquatic resources: Insights into prevalence, antibiotic resistance, survival mechanisms, detection, and prevention strategies. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2024; 265:104371. [PMID: 38851127 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2024.104371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities and climate change profoundly impact water quality, leading to a concerning increase in the prevalence and abundance of bacterial pathogens across diverse aquatic environments. This rise has resulted in a growing challenge concerning the safety of water sources, particularly surface waters and marine environments. This comprehensive review delves into the multifaceted challenges presented by bacterial pathogens, emphasizing threads to human health within ground and surface waters, including marine ecosystems. The exploration encompasses the intricate survival mechanisms employed by bacterial pathogens and the proliferation of antimicrobial resistance, largely driven by human-generated antibiotic contamination in aquatic systems. The review further addresses prevalent pathogenic bacteria, elucidating associated risk factors, exploring their eco-physiology, and discussing the production of potent toxins. The spectrum of detection techniques, ranging from conventional to cutting-edge molecular approaches, is thoroughly examined to underscore their significance in identifying and understanding waterborne bacterial pathogens. A critical aspect highlighted in this review is the imperative for real-time monitoring of biomarkers associated with waterborne bacterial pathogens. This monitoring serves as an early warning system, facilitating the swift implementation of action plans to preserve and protect global water resources. In conclusion, this comprehensive review provides fresh insights and perspectives, emphasizing the paramount importance of preserving the quality of aquatic resources to safeguard human health on a global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslia Asif
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi County, Taiwan; Doctoral Program in Science, Technology, Environment, and Mathematics, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi County, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Sheng Chen
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bashir Hussain
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi County, Taiwan
| | - Gwo-Jong Hsu
- Division of Infectious Disease and Department of Internal Medicine, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Jagat Rathod
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Gujarat Biotechnology University, Near Gujarat International Finance and Tec (GIFT)-City, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Shih-Wei Huang
- Institute of Environmental Toxin and Emerging Contaminant, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Center for Environmental Toxin and Emerging Contaminant Research, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chia Wu
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Mu Hsu
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi County, Taiwan.
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Bina XR, Bina JE. Vibrio cholerae RND efflux systems: mediators of stress responses, colonization and pathogenesis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1203487. [PMID: 37256112 PMCID: PMC10225521 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1203487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance Nodulation Division (RND) efflux systems are ubiquitous transporters in gram-negative bacteria that provide protection against antimicrobial agents and thereby enhance survival in virtually all environments these prokaryotes inhabit. Vibrio cholerae is a dual lifestyle enteric pathogen that spends much of its existence in aquatic environments. An unwitting encounter with a human host can lead to V. cholerae intestinal colonization by strains that encode cholera toxin and toxin co-regulated pilus virulence factors leading to potentially fatal cholera diarrhea and dissemination in the environment. Adaptive response mechanisms to host factors encountered by these pathogens are therefore critical both to engage survival mechanisms such as RND-mediated transporters and to induce timely expression of virulence factors. Sensing of cues encountered in the host may therefore activate more than protective responses such as efflux systems, but also be coordinated to initiate expression of virulence factors. This review summarizes recent advances that contribute towards the understanding of RND efflux physiological functions and how the transport systems interface with the regulation of virulence factor production in V. cholerae.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James E. Bina
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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Takahashi E, Kitahara K, Miyoshi SI, Chowdhury G, Mukhopadhyay AK, Dutta S, Ochi S, Okamoto K. Environmental water in Kolkata is suitable for the survival of Vibrio cholerae O1. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 222:115374. [PMID: 36709867 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Many patients with cholera emerge in Kolkata, India throughout the year. Such emergency indicates that cholera toxin-producing Vibrio cholerae O1 (toxigenic V. cholerae O1) are widespread in Kolkata. This suggests that the suitable conditions for replication of toxigenic V. cholerae O1 is provided in Kolkata. In previous studies, we found that the replication rate of toxigenic V. cholerae O1 is low in the low ionic aqueous solution. Then we measured the ion concentration in the environmental water of Kolkata. As a control, we measured them in Japanese environmental water. The ion concentration in the environmental water of Kolkata was significantly high. Then, we examined the survival of toxigenic V. cholerae O1 in groundwater from Kolkata and found that V. cholerae O1 survive for long time in the solution but not in the solution diluted with Milli Q water. In addition, we found that V. cholerae O1 proliferated in environmental water of Kolkata to which a small amount of nutrient was added, but did not grow in the environmental water diluted with water to which the same amount of nutrient was added. These results indicate that the environmental water from Kolkata is suitable for survival of V. cholerae O1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eizo Takahashi
- Collaborative Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in India, NICED-JICA Building, 57 Dr. S.C. Banerjee Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700 010, India; Department of Health Pharmacy, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, 601 Matano-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 245-0066, Japan
| | - Kei Kitahara
- Collaborative Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in India, NICED-JICA Building, 57 Dr. S.C. Banerjee Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700 010, India
| | - Shin-Ichi Miyoshi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Goutam Chowdhury
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, NICED-JICA Building, 57 Dr. S.C. Banerjee Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700 010, India
| | - Asish K Mukhopadhyay
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, NICED-JICA Building, 57 Dr. S.C. Banerjee Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700 010, India
| | - Shanta Dutta
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, NICED-JICA Building, 57 Dr. S.C. Banerjee Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700 010, India
| | - Sadayuki Ochi
- Department of Health Pharmacy, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, 601 Matano-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 245-0066, Japan
| | - Keinosuke Okamoto
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
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Spurbeck RR, Catlin LA, Mukherjee C, Smith AK, Minard-Smith A. Analysis of metatranscriptomic methods to enable wastewater-based biosurveillance of all infectious diseases. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1145275. [PMID: 37033057 PMCID: PMC10073511 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1145275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Wastewater-based surveillance emerged during the COVID-19 pandemic as an efficient way to quickly screen large populations, monitor infectious disease transmission over time, and identify whether more virulent strains are becoming more prevalent in the region without burdening the health care system with individualized testing. Ohio was one of the first states to implement wastewater monitoring through its Ohio Coronavirus Wastewater Monitoring Network (OCWMN), originally tracking the prevalence of COVID-19 by quantitative qPCR from over 67 sites across the state. The OCWMN evolved along with the pandemic to include sequencing the SARS-CoV-2 genome to assess variants of concern circulating within the population. As the pandemic wanes, networks such as OCWMN can be expanded to monitor other infectious diseases and outbreaks of interest to the health department to reduce the burden of communicable diseases. However, most surveillance still utilizes qPCR based diagnostic tests for individual pathogens, which is hard to scale for surveillance of multiple pathogens. Methods Here we have tested several genomic methods, both targeted and untargeted, for wastewater-based biosurveillance to find the most efficient procedure to detect and track trends in reportable infectious diseases and outbreaks of known pathogens as well as potentially novel pathogens or variants on the rise in our communities. RNA extracts from the OCWMN were provided weekly from 10 sites for 6 weeks. Total RNA was sequenced from the samples on the Illumina NextSeq and on the MinION to identify pathogens present. The MinION long read platform was also used to sequence SARS-CoV-2 with the goal of reducing the complexity of variant calling in mixed populations as occurs with short Illumina reads. Finally, a targeted hybridization approach was tested for compatibility with wastewater RNA samples. Results and discussion The data analyzed here provides a baseline assessment that demonstrates that wastewater is a rich resource for infectious disease epidemiology and identifies technology gaps and potential solutions to enable this resource to be used by public health laboratories to monitor the infectious disease landscape of the regions they serve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel R. Spurbeck
- Health Business Unit, Drug Development and Precision Diagnostics Division, Life Sciences Research Business Line, Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Rachel R. Spurbeck
| | - Lindsay A. Catlin
- National Security Business Unit, Bioscience Center, CBRNE Business Line, Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Chiranjit Mukherjee
- Health Business Unit, Health Analytics Division, Health Outcomes and Biotechnology Solutions Business Line, Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Anthony K. Smith
- National Security Business Unit, Bioscience Center, CBRNE Business Line, Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Angela Minard-Smith
- Health Business Unit, Health Analytics Division, Health Outcomes and Biotechnology Solutions Business Line, Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH, United States
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Dey SS, Hossain ZZ, Akhter H, Jensen PKM, Begum A. Abundance and biofilm formation capability of Vibrio cholerae in aquatic environment with an emphasis on Hilsha fish (Tenualosa ilisha). Front Microbiol 2022; 13:933413. [PMID: 36386632 PMCID: PMC9643777 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.933413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The potentially deadly and sporadic diarrhea-causing agent, Vibrio cholerae, is present in a great number in the freshwater aquatic environment and can be transmitted to humans by different aquatic organisms. In the perspective of Bangladesh, an anadromous fish species Hilsha (Tenualosa ilisha) can act as a transmission vehicle of V. cholerae from the aquatic to the household kitchen environment. The present study was carried out to investigate the presence of V. cholerae in the aquatic habitat of Bangladesh with a major emphasis on freshly caught Hilsha fish, along with river water and plankton samples from the fish capture site. The study also detected the biofilm formation capability of V. cholerae within Hilsha fish that might help the transmission and persistence of the pathogen in aquatic habitat. Twenty out of 65 freshly caught fish (30.8%) and 1 out of 15 water samples (6.67%) showed the presence of V. cholerae and none of the plankton samples were positive for V. cholerae. The isolated strains were identified as non-O1 and non-O139 serogroups of V. cholerae and contain some major toxin and virulence genes. A few strains showed cellular cytotoxicity on the HeLa cell line. All strains were able to form biofilm on the microtiter plate and the detection of three genes related to biofilm formation (vpsA, vpsL, and vpsR) were also assayed using qPCR. In this study, the in vitro biofilm formation ability of the isolated strains may indicate the long-term persistence of V. cholerae in different parts of Hilsha fish. The abundance of V. cholerae only in freshly caught Hilsha fish and the absence of the pathogen in the surrounding aquatic environment could stipulate the role of Hilsha fish as one of the major transmission routes of V. cholerae from the freshwater aquatic environment of Bangladesh to the household kitchen environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subarna Sandhani Dey
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- BCSIR Laboratories Rajshahi, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Zenat Zebin Hossain
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Public Health, School of Pharmacy and Public Health, Independent University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Humaira Akhter
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Peter K. M. Jensen
- Copenhagen Centre for Disaster Research, Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anowara Begum
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- *Correspondence: Anowara Begum,
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Muhammad N, Nguyen TTH, Lee YJ, Ko J, Avila F, Kim SG. Vibrio ostreae sp. nov., a novel gut bacterium isolated from a Yellow Sea oyster. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2022; 72. [PMID: 36269578 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A Gram-stain-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive, facultative anaerobic motile bacterium, designated strain OG9-811T, was isolated from the gut of an oyster collected in the Yellow Sea, Republic of Korea. The strain grew at 10-37 °C, pH 6.0-9.0 and with 0.5-10% (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain OG9-811T affiliated with the genus Vibrio, with the highest sequence similarity of 98.2% to Vibrio coralliilyticus ATCC BAA-450T followed by Vibrio variabilis R-40492T (98.0 %), Vibrio hepatarius LMG 20362T (97.7 %) and Vibrio neptunius LMG 20536T (97.6 %); other relatives were Vibrio tritonius JCM 16456T (97.4 %), Vibrio fluvialis NBRC 103150T (97.0 %) and Vibrio furnissii CIP 102972T (97.0 %). The complete genome of strain OG9-811T comprised two chromosomes of a total 4 807 684 bp and the G+C content was 50.2 %. Results of analysis based on the whole genome sequence showed the distinctiveness of strain OG9-811T. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) values between strain OG9-811T and the closest strains V. coralliilyticus ATCC BAA-450T, V. variabilis R-40492T, V. hepatarius LMG 20362T, V. neptunius KCTC 12702T , V. tritonius JCM 16456T, V. fluvialis ATCC 33809T and V. furnissi CIP 102972T were 73.0, 72.6, 73.3, 73.0, 72.7, 78.5 and 77.8 %, respectively, while the digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain OG9-811T and the above closely related strains were 20.8, 21.2, 20.8, 21.7, 20.7, 23.2 and 22.4 %, respectively. The major fatty acids of strain OG9-811T were summed feature 3 (C16:1 ω7c and/or C16:1 ω6c), summed feature 8 (C18:1 ω6c and/or C18:1 ω7c) and C16:0. The polar lipids contained phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol. Strain OG9-811T contained Q-8 as a quinone. On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic characteristics, strain OG9-811T is considered to represent a novel species, for which the name Vibrio ostreae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is OG9-811T (=KCTC 72623T=GDMCC 1.2610T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Neak Muhammad
- Biological Resource Center/Korean Collection for Type Cultures (KCTC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeonbuk 56212, Republic of Korea
- University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Tra T H Nguyen
- Biological Resource Center/Korean Collection for Type Cultures (KCTC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeonbuk 56212, Republic of Korea
- University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Jae Lee
- Biological Resource Center/Korean Collection for Type Cultures (KCTC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeonbuk 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeho Ko
- Biological Resource Center/Korean Collection for Type Cultures (KCTC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeonbuk 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Forbes Avila
- Biological Resource Center/Korean Collection for Type Cultures (KCTC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeonbuk 56212, Republic of Korea
- University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Song-Gun Kim
- Biological Resource Center/Korean Collection for Type Cultures (KCTC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeonbuk 56212, Republic of Korea
- University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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Kumarage PM, De Silva LADS, Heo GJ. Aquatic environments: A Potential Source of Antimicrobial-Resistant Vibrio spp. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:2267-2279. [PMID: 35797342 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Vibrio spp. are associated with water and seafood-related outbreaks worldwide. They are naturally present in aquatic environments such as seawater, brackish water and freshwater environments. These aquatic environments serve as the main reservoirs of antimicrobial-resistant genes and promote the transfer of antimicrobial-resistant bacterial species to aquatic animals and humans through the aquatic food chain. Vibrio spp. are known as etiological agents of cholera and non-cholera Vibrio infections in humans and animals. Antimicrobial-resistant Vibrio species have become a huge threat in regard to treating Vibrio infections in aquaculture and public health. Most of the Vibrio spp. possess resistance towards the commonly used antimicrobials, including β-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, quinolones and macrolides. The aim of this review is to summarize the antimicrobial resistance properties of Vibrio spp. isolated from aquatic environments to provide awareness about potential health risks related to Vibrio infections in aquaculture and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Kumarage
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - L A D S De Silva
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Gang-Joon Heo
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
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VanMensel D, Droppo IG, Weisener CG. Identifying chemolithotrophic and pathogenic-related gene expression within suspended sediment flocs in freshwater environments: A metatranscriptomic assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:150996. [PMID: 34656597 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The introduction and proliferation of pathogenic organisms in aquatic systems is a serious global issue that consequently leads to economic, financial, and health concerns. Health and safety related to recreational water use is typically monitored through water quality assessments that are outdated and can be misleading. These traditional methods focus on broad taxa groups, provide no insight into the active community or source of contamination, and the sediment compartments (bed and suspended) are often overlooked. To bridge this knowledge gap, our study aimed to 1) examine the metatranscriptome of the microbial community associated with suspended sediment (SS) in freshwater systems; 2) explore the influence of SS in tributaries to the littoral zone of the receiving lake; and 3) compare the SS fraction with previously reported nearshore bed sediment data. Samples were collected seasonally from Lake St. Clair and Lake Erie. Beaches in this region are influenced by both agriculture runoff and continued urban expansion. Results show that both adjacent tributary and beach SS have similar microbial functional diversity and are strongly correlated by site and season. We identified expression of transcripts encoding sequences with similarities to genes involved in nine bacterial infectious disease pathways, including legionellosis (sdhA) and Vibrio cholerae pathogenesis. According to MG-RAST gene categories, lake samples typically showed higher overall expression (p < 0.05) of transcripts with similarities to genes involved in infectious disease pathways compared to the tributaries, with summer upregulated (p < 0.05) compared to fall. Our data suggests SS acts as a strong vector for pathogen transport, making this facet an important area for further research as it pertains to human health regarding recreational water use. To our knowledge, this work is the first to investigate SS in aquatic microbial communities using metatranscriptomic analyses and has significant potential to help address growing issues of microbial contamination impacting freshwater security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle VanMensel
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada.
| | - Ian G Droppo
- Canada Centre for Inland Waters, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 867 Lakeshore Rd, Burlington, Ontario L7R 4A6, Canada
| | - Christopher G Weisener
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
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Vibrio cholerae was found in cultured bullfrog. Epidemiol Infect 2022; 150:e30. [PMID: 35130995 PMCID: PMC8888276 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268822000164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Bullfrog is one of the most important economic aquatic animals in China that is widely cultured in southern China and is a key breed recommended as an industry of poverty alleviation in China. During recent years, a fatal bacterial disease has often been found in cultured bullfrogs. The clinical manifestations of the diseased bullfrogs were severe intestinal inflammation and an anal prolapse. A bacterial pathogen was isolated from the diseased bullfrog intestines. The bacterium was identified as Vibrio cholerae using morphological, biochemical and 16S rRNA phylogenetic analysis. In this study, V. cholerae was isolated and identified in diseased bullfrogs for the first time, providing a basis for the diagnosis and control of the disease. Therefore, attention should be paid to the modes of transmission of V. cholerae from bullfrog and formulate reasonable safety measures.
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11
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Hubbard LE, Kolpin DW, Givens CE, Blackwell BR, Bradley PM, Gray JL, Lane RF, Masoner JR, McCleskey RB, Romanok KM, Sandstrom MW, Smalling KL, Villeneuve DL. Food, Beverage, and Feedstock Processing Facility Wastewater: a Unique and Underappreciated Source of Contaminants to U.S. Streams. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:1028-1040. [PMID: 34967600 PMCID: PMC9219000 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c06821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Process wastewaters from food, beverage, and feedstock facilities, although regulated, are an under-investigated environmental contaminant source. Food process wastewaters (FPWWs) from 23 facilities in 17 U.S. states were sampled and documented for a plethora of chemical and microbial contaminants. Of the 576 analyzed organics, 184 (32%) were detected at least once, with concentrations as large as 143 μg L-1 (6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid), and as many as 47 were detected in a single FPWW sample. Cumulative per/polyfluoroalkyl substance concentrations up to 185 μg L-1 and large pesticide transformation product concentrations (e.g., methomyl oxime, 40 μg L-1; clothianidin TMG, 2.02 μg L-1) were observed. Despite 48% of FPWW undergoing disinfection treatment prior to discharge, bacteria resistant to third-generation antibiotics were found in each facility type, and multiple bacterial groups were detected in all samples, including total coliforms. The exposure-activity ratios and toxicity quotients exceeded 1.0 in 13 and 22% of samples, respectively, indicating potential biological effects and toxicity to vertebrates and invertebrates associated with the discharge of FPWW. Organic contaminant profiles of FPWW differed from previously reported contaminant profiles of municipal effluents and urban storm water, indicating that FPWW is another important source of chemical and microbial contaminant mixtures discharged into receiving surface waters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dana W. Kolpin
- U.S. Geological Survey, Iowa City, Iowa 52240, United States
| | | | - Brett R. Blackwell
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota 55084, United States
| | - Paul M. Bradley
- U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia, South Carolina 29210, United States
| | - James L. Gray
- U.S. Geological Survey, Lakewood, Colorado 80225, United States
| | - Rachael F. Lane
- U.S. Geological Survey, Lawrence, Kansas 66049, United States
| | - Jason R. Masoner
- U.S. Geological Survey, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73116, United States
| | | | | | | | - Kelly L. Smalling
- U.S. Geological Survey, Lawrenceville, New Jersey 08648, United States
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12
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Yang L, Yi W, Sun F, Xu M, Zeng Z, Bi X, Dong J, Xie Y, Li M. Application of Lab-on-Chip for Detection of Microbial Nucleic Acid in Food and Environment. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:765375. [PMID: 34803990 PMCID: PMC8600318 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.765375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Various diseases caused by food-borne or environmental pathogenic microorganisms have been a persistent threat to public health and global economies. It is necessary to regularly detect microorganisms in food and environment to prevent infection of pathogenic microorganisms. However, most traditional detection methods are expensive, time-consuming, and unfeasible in practice in the absence of sophisticated instruments and trained operators. Point-of-care testing (POCT) can be used to detect microorganisms rapidly on site and greatly improve the efficiency of microbial detection. Lab-on-chip (LOC) is an emerging POCT technology with great potential by integrating most of the experimental steps carried out in the laboratory into a single monolithic device. This review will primarily focus on principles and techniques of LOC for detection of microbial nucleic acid in food and environment, including sample preparation, nucleic acid amplification and sample detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Yi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fangfang Sun
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengjiao Xu
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhan Zeng
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyue Bi
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Dong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Haidian Hospital, Beijing Haidian Section of Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Xie
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Hepatology Division 2, Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Minghui Li
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Hepatology Division 2, Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, Beijing, China
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13
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Onohuean H, Okoh AI, Nwodo UU. Epidemiologic potentials and correlational analysis of Vibrio species and virulence toxins from water sources in greater Bushenyi districts, Uganda. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22429. [PMID: 34789791 PMCID: PMC8599681 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01375-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Adequate water supply is one of the public health issues among the population living in low-income settings. Vibriosis remain a significant health challenge drawing the attention of both healthcare planners and researchers in South West districts of Uganda. Intending to clamp down the disease cases in the safest water deprive locality, we investigated the virulent toxins as contaminants and epidemiologic potentials of Vibrio species recovered from surface waters in greater Bushenyi districts, Uganda. Surface water sources within 46 villages located in the study districts were obtained between June and October 2018. Standard microbiological and molecular methods were used to analyse samples. Our results showed that 981 presumptive isolates retrieved cell counts of 10-100 CFU/g, with, with (640) 65% confirmed as Vibrio genus using polymerase chain reaction, which is distributed as follows; V. vulnificus 46/640 (7.2%), V. fluvialis 30/594 (5.1), V. parahaemolyticus 21/564 (3.7), V. cholera 5/543 (0.9), V. alginolyticus 62/538 (11.5) and V. mimicus 20/476 (4.2). The virulence toxins observed were heat-stable enterotoxin (stn) 46 (82.10%), V. vulnificus virulence gene (vcgCPI) 40 (87.00%), extracellular haemolysin gene {vfh 21 (70.00)} and Heme utilization protein gene {hupO 5 (16.70)}. The cluster analysis depicts hupO (4.46% n = 112); vfh (18.75%, n = 112); vcgCPI and stn (35.71%, & 41.07%, n = 112). The principal component analysis revealed the toxins (hupO, vfh) were correlated with the isolate recovered from Bohole water (BW) source, while (vcgCPI, stn) toxins are correlated with natural raw water (NRW) and open springs (OS) water sources isolates. Such observation indicates that surface waters sources are highly contaminated with an odds ratio of 1.00, 95% CI (70.48-90.5), attributed risk of (aR = 64.29) and relative risk of (RR = 73.91). In addition, it also implies that the surface waters sources have > 1 risk of contamination with vfh and > six times of contamination with hupO (aR = 40, - 66). This is a call of utmost importance to the population, which depends on these water sources to undertake appropriate sanitation, personal hygienic practices and potential measures that ensure water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope Onohuean
- SA-MRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa.
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag 1314, Alice, 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
- Biopharmaceutics Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University, Western-Campus, Ishaka-Bushenyi, Uganda.
| | - Anthony I Okoh
- SA-MRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag 1314, Alice, 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa
| | - Uchechukwu U Nwodo
- SA-MRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag 1314, Alice, 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa
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14
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Luo Y, Wang H, Liang J, Qian H, Ye J, Chen L, Yang X, Chen Z, Wang F, Octavia S, Payne M, Song X, Jiang J, Jin D, Lan R. Population Structure and Multidrug Resistance of Non-O1/Non-O139 Vibrio cholerae in Freshwater Rivers in Zhejiang, China. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2021; 82:319-333. [PMID: 33410933 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-020-01645-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To understand the environmental reservoirs of Vibrio cholerae and their public health significance, we surveyed freshwater samples from rivers in two cities (Jiaxing [JX] and Jiande [JD]) in Zhejiang, China. A total of 26 sampling locations were selected, and river water was sampled 456 times from 2015 to 2016 yielding 200 V. cholerae isolates, all of which were non-O1/non-O139. The average isolation rate was 47.3% and 39.1% in JX and JD, respectively. Antibiotic resistance profiles of the V. cholerae isolates were examined with nonsusceptibility to cefazolin (68.70%, 79/115) being most common, followed by ampicillin (47.83%, 55/115) and imipenem (27.83%, 32/115). Forty-two isolates (36.52%, 42/115) were defined as multidrug resistant (MDR). The presence of virulence genes was also determined, and the majority of the isolates were positive for toxR (198/200, 99%) and hlyA (196/200, 98%) with few other virulence genes observed. The population structure of the V. cholerae non-O1/non-O139 sampled was examined using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) with 200 isolates assigned to 128 STs and 6 subpopulations. The non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae population in JX was more varied than in JD. By clonal complexes (CCs), 31 CCs that contained isolates from this study were shared with other parts of China and/or other countries, suggesting widespread presence of some non-O1/non-O139 clones. Drug resistance profiles differed between subpopulations. The findings suggest that non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae in the freshwater environment is a potential source of human infections. Routine surveillance of non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae in freshwater rivers will be of importance to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Luo
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310052, Zhejiang, China
| | - Henghui Wang
- Jiaxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiaxing, 314050, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Liang
- Jiande Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 311600, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huiqin Qian
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310052, Zhejiang, China
| | - Julian Ye
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310052, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lixia Chen
- Jiaxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiaxing, 314050, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xianqing Yang
- Jiande Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 311600, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhongwen Chen
- Jiaxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiaxing, 314050, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Jiande Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 311600, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sophie Octavia
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Michael Payne
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Xiaojun Song
- Centre of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianmin Jiang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310052, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dazhi Jin
- Centre of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruiting Lan
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
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15
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Abstract
Vibrio cholerae is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes the enteric disease cholera. V. cholerae colonization of the human intestine is dependent on the expression of both virulence genes and environmental adaptation genes involved in antimicrobial resistance. The expression of virulence genes, including the genes encoding for the main virulence factors cholera toxin (CT) and the toxin coregulated pilus (TCP), are coordinately regulated by the ToxR regulon. Tripartite transport systems belonging to the ATP binding cassette, major facilitator, and Resistance-Nodulation-Division families are critical for V. cholerae pathogenesis. Transport systems belonging to these families contribute to myriad phenotypes including protein secretion, antimicrobial resistance and virulence. TolC plays a central role in bacterial physiology by functioning as the outer membrane pore protein for tripartite transport systems. Consistent with this, V. cholerae tolC was previously found to be required for MARTX toxin secretion and antimicrobial resistance. Herein we investigated the contribution of TolC to V. cholerae virulence. We documented that tolC was required for CT and TCP production in O1 El Tor V. cholerae. This phenotype was linked to repression of the critical ToxR regulon transcription factor aphA. Decreased aphA transcription correlated with increased expression of the LysR-family transcription factor leuO. Deletion of leuO restored aphA expression, and CT and TCP production, in a tolC mutant. The collective results document that tolC is required for ToxR regulon expression and further suggest that tolC may participate in a efflux-dependent feedback circuit to regulate virulence gene expression.
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ToxR Mediates the Antivirulence Activity of Phenyl-Arginine-β-Naphthylamide To Attenuate Vibrio cholerae Virulence. Infect Immun 2021; 89:e0014721. [PMID: 33941578 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00147-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug efflux systems belonging to the resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) family are ubiquitous in Gram-negative bacteria and are critical for antimicrobial resistance. This realization has led to efforts to develop efflux pump inhibitors (EPI) for use as adjuvants for antibiotic treatment of resistant organisms. However, the functions of RND transporters extend beyond antimicrobial resistance to include physiological functions that are critical for pathogenesis, suggesting that EPIs could also be used as antivirulence therapeutics. This was documented in the enteric pathogen Vibrio cholerae, in which EPIs were shown to attenuate the production of the critical virulence factors cholera toxin (CT) and the toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP). In this study, we investigated the antivirulence mechanism of action of the EPI phenyl-arginine-β-naphthylamide (PAβN) on V. cholerae. Using bioassays, we documented that PAβN inhibited virulence factor production in three epidemic V. cholerae isolates. Transcriptional reporter studies and mutant analysis indicated that PAβN initiated a ToxR-dependent regulatory circuit to activate leuO expression and that LeuO repressed the expression of the critical virulence activator aphA to attenuate CT and TCP production. The antivirulence activity of PAβN was found to be dependent on the ToxR periplasmic sensing domain (PPD), suggesting that a feedback mechanism was involved in its activity. Collectively, the data indicated that PAβN inhibited V. cholerae virulence factor production by activating a ToxR-dependent metabolic feedback mechanism to repress the expression of the ToxR virulence regulon. This suggests that efflux pump inhibitors could be used as antivirulence therapeutics for the treatment of cholera and perhaps that of other Gram-negative pathogens.
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