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Cozer AWD, Souza FCV, Santiago LD, Lima MR, Pimenta SJ, Fernandes BL, Enes BN, Gama RS, Gomides TAR. Effects of Iron-Fortified Foods on the Nutritional Status of Children Residing in Regions Vulnerable to Parasitic Diseases: A Systematic Review. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2024; 29:8-17. [PMID: 38576884 PMCID: PMC10987379 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2024.29.1.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Parasitic infections (PIs) remain a public health concern among school-age children living in areas of greater socioeconomic vulnerability, especially in Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. PIs can promote nutritional deficiencies, increasing the risk of anemia and impaired physical and cognitive development. Thus, fortified foods have been considered as a promising strategy for improving the nutritional status of children and preventing PI complications. This systematic review aimed to present the effects of iron-fortified foods for deworming and improving blood parameters in schoolchildren residing in areas that are vulnerable to PIs. This review is based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines of randomized clinical trials addressing the use of fortified foods and micronutrients in children living in areas endemic for PIs. The PubMed, LILACS, Scopus, and Cochrane databases were searched to identify articles published between 2000 and 2020. A total of 153 records were retrieved from the databases, 10 of which were considered eligible for this study. On the basis of our analysis, most of the selected studies showed that the inclusion of fortified foods in the diet improved blood and infectious parameters. Therefore, fortified foods can be used as an important tool for controlling the adverse outcomes of PIs among children living in areas of greater vulnerability. However, more studies on this topic are needed to provide more evidence and consolidate strategies using iron-fortified food.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marlucy Rodrigues Lima
- Department of Pharmacy, Vale do Rio Doce University, Governador Valadares - MG 35020-220, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Julie Pimenta
- Department of Dentistry, Vale do Rio Doce University, Governador Valadares - MG 35020-220, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Leles Fernandes
- Department of Pharmacy, Vale do Rio Doce University, Governador Valadares - MG 35020-220, Brazil
| | - Barbara Nery Enes
- Department of Nutrition, Vale do Rio Doce University, Governador Valadares - MG 35020-220, Brazil
| | - Rafael Silva Gama
- Department of Pharmacy, Vale do Rio Doce University, Governador Valadares - MG 35020-220, Brazil
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Tchum SK, Sakyi SA, Arthur F, Adu B, Abubakar LA, Oppong FB, Dzabeng F, Amoani B, Gyan T, Asante KP. Effect of iron fortification on anaemia and risk of malaria among Ghanaian pre-school children with haemoglobinopathies and different ABO blood groups. BMC Nutr 2023; 9:56. [PMID: 36959634 PMCID: PMC10035121 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-023-00709-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Haemoglobinopathies such as sickle cell disorder and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency as well as differences in ABO blood groups have been shown to influence the risk of malaria and/or anaemia in malaria-endemic areas. This study assessed the effect of adding MNP containing iron to home-made weaning meals on anaemia and the risk of malaria in Ghanaian pre-school children with haemoglobinopathies and different ABO blood groups. METHODS This study was a double-blind, randomly clustered trial conducted within six months among infants and young children aged 6 to 35 months in rural Ghana (775 clusters, n = 860). Participants were randomly selected into clusters to receive daily semiliquid home-prepared meals mixed with either micronutrient powder without iron (noniron group) or with iron (iron group; 12.5 mg of iron daily) for 5 months. Malaria infection was detected by microscopy, blood haemoglobin (Hb) levels were measured with a HemoCue Hb analyzer, the reversed ABO blood grouping microtube assay was performed, and genotyping was performed by PCR-RFLP analysis. RESULTS The prevalence of G6PD deficiency among the study participants was 11.2%. However, the prevalence of G6PD deficiency in hemizygous males (8.5%) was significantly higher than that in homozygous females (2.7%) (p = 0.005). The prevalence rates of sickle cell traits (HbAS and HbSC) and sickle cell disorder (HbSS) were 17.5% and 0.5%, respectively. Blood group O was dominant (41.4%), followed by blood group A (29.6%) and blood group B (23.3%), while blood group AB (5.7%) had the least frequency among the study participants. We observed that children on an iron supplement with HbAS had significantly moderate anaemia at the endline (EL) compared to the baseline level (BL) (p = 0.004). However, subjects with HbAS and HbAC and blood groups A and O in the iron group had a significantly increased number of malaria episodes at EL than at BL (p < 0.05). Furthermore, children in the iron group with HbSS (p < 0.001) and the noniron group with HbCC (p = 0.010) were significantly less likely to develop malaria. CONCLUSIONS Iron supplementation increased anaemia in children with HbAS genotypes and provided less protection against malaria in children with HbAC and AS and blood groups A and O. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01001871 . Registered 27/10/2009. REGISTRATION NUMBER https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT01001871 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Kofi Tchum
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
- Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Kintampo-North, Bono East Region, Ghana.
| | - Samuel Asamoah Sakyi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Fareed Arthur
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Bright Adu
- Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Felix Boakye Oppong
- Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Kintampo-North, Bono East Region, Ghana
| | - Francis Dzabeng
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Benjamin Amoani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Thomas Gyan
- Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Kintampo-North, Bono East Region, Ghana
| | - Kwaku Poku Asante
- Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Kintampo-North, Bono East Region, Ghana
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Dalaba MA, Nonterah EA, Chatio ST, Adoctor JK, Dambayi E, Nonterah EW, Azalia S, Ayi-Bisah D, Erzse A, Watson D, Hardy-Johnson P, Kehoe SH, Tugendhaft A, Ward K, Debpuur C, Oduro A, Ofosu W, Danis M, Barker M. Engaging community members in setting priorities for nutrition interventions in rural northern Ghana. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2:e0000447. [PMID: 36962493 PMCID: PMC10022374 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study used "Choosing All Together" (CHAT), a deliberative engagement tool to prioritise nutrition interventions and to understand reasons for intervention choices of a rural community in northern Ghana. The study took an exploratory cross-sectional design and used a mixed method approach to collect data between December 2020 and February 2021. Eleven nutrition interventions were identified through policy reviews, interaction with different stakeholders and focus group discussions with community members. These interventions were costed for a modified CHAT tool-a board-like game with interventions represented by colour coded pies and the cost of the interventions represented by sticker holes. Supported by trained facilitators, six community groups used the tool to prioritise interventions. Discussions were audio-recoded, transcribed and thematically analysed. The participants prioritised both nutrition-sensitive and nutrition-specific interventions, reflecting the extent of poverty in the study districts and the direct and immediate benefits derived from nutrition-specific interventions. The prioritised interventions involved livelihood empowerment, because they would create an enabling environment for all-year-round agricultural output, leading to improved food security and income for farmers. Another nutrition-sensitive, education-related priority intervention was male involvement in food and nutrition practices; as heads of household and main decision makers, men were believed to be in a position to optimise maternal and child nutrition. The prioritised nutrition-specific intervention was micronutrient supplementation. Despite low literacy, participants were able to use CHAT materials and work collectively to prioritize interventions. In conclusion, it is feasible to modify and use the CHAT tool in public deliberations to prioritize nutrition interventions in rural settings with low levels of literacy. These communities prioritised both nutrition-sensitive and nutrition-specific interventions. Attending to community derived nutrition priorities may improve the relevance and effectiveness of nutrition health policy, since these priorities reflect the context in which such policy is implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell Ayindenaba Dalaba
- Navrongo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Navrongo, Ghana
- Institute of Health Research, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Volta Region, Ghana
| | - Engelbert A Nonterah
- Navrongo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Navrongo, Ghana
- Julius Global Health, Julius Centre for Health Science and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Samuel T Chatio
- Navrongo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Navrongo, Ghana
| | - James K Adoctor
- Navrongo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Navrongo, Ghana
| | - Edith Dambayi
- Navrongo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Navrongo, Ghana
| | - Esmond W Nonterah
- Navrongo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Navrongo, Ghana
| | - Stephen Azalia
- Navrongo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Navrongo, Ghana
| | - Doreen Ayi-Bisah
- Navrongo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Navrongo, Ghana
| | - Agnes Erzse
- SAMRC/ Wits Centre for Health Economics and Decision Science, PRICELESS SA, University of Witwatersrand School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Daniella Watson
- Global Health Research Institute, School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Polly Hardy-Johnson
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- AECC University College, Bournemouth, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah H Kehoe
- Global Health Research Institute, School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Aviva Tugendhaft
- SAMRC/ Wits Centre for Health Economics and Decision Science, PRICELESS SA, University of Witwatersrand School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Kate Ward
- Global Health Research Institute, School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Cornelius Debpuur
- Navrongo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Navrongo, Ghana
- Research and Development Division, Ghana Health Service, Accra, Ghana
| | - Abraham Oduro
- Navrongo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Navrongo, Ghana
- Research and Development Division, Ghana Health Service, Accra, Ghana
| | - Winfred Ofosu
- Upper East Regional Health Directorate, Ghana Health Service, Bolgatanga, Ghana
| | - Marion Danis
- Department of Bioethics, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Mary Barker
- Global Health Research Institute, School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Southampton Foundation Trust, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
- School of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, United Kingdom
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Tchum SK, Sakyi SA, Adu B, Arthur F, Oppong FB, Dzabeng F, Amoani B, Gyan T, Poku-Asante K. Impact of IgG response to malaria-specific antigens and immunity against malaria in pre-school children in Ghana. A cluster randomized, placebo-controlled trial. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253544. [PMID: 34283841 PMCID: PMC8291688 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Iron fortification and micronutrient initiatives, specifically, vitamin A, and zinc supplementation are the most cost-effective developmental strategies against malnutrition and health emergencies in pre-school children. Iron-deficiency among pre-school children have been documented, however, studies evaluating the impact of immunoglobulin G (IgG) isotype responses among iron-fortified pre-school children in malaria endemic communities has not been assessed. We evaluated the impact of iron fortification on the IgG responses to GLURP R0, GLURP R2 and MSP3 FVO malaria-specific antigens among pre-school children in malaria endemic areas. Methods This community-based, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, cluster-randomized trial study was conducted in Wenchi Municipal and Tain District of Bono Region. The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov-registered trial (Identifier: NCT01001871). Ethical approval was obtained and informed consent were sought from each participant parents/guardian. For the current objective, 871 children aged 6–35 months were screened, from which 435 children received semi-liquid home-made meals mixed with 12.5 mg of iron daily (intervention group), and 436 received micronutrient powder without iron (placebo group) for 5 months. Standardized clinical and epidemiological questionnaires were administered and blood samples taken to measure IgG responses to GLURP R0, GLURP R2 and MSP3 FVO recombinant antigens using the Afro Immunoassay (AIA) protocol. Results Baseline anthropometry, malaria diagnosis, anaemia and iron status, demographic features and dietary intake were identical among the groups (p > 0.05). After the intervention, there was no significant difference in the IgG response against GLUP R0, GLUP R2 and MSP3 FVO between the iron-containing micronutrient and placebo groups (p > 0.05). The iron-containing micronutrient powder group who were iron-sufficient or iron replete had significantly higher IgG response to GLURP R0 and GLURP R2 compared to iron-deficient and iron-deficiency anaemia in the same group (p < 0.05). The IgG responses to all the three malaria specific antigens were low among children without malaria episode but high among those with two and four episodes due to exposure differences. Conclusion Iron fortification did not influence antibody response against endogenous malaria specific antigens among pre-school children in malaria endemic areas, however, IgG response to malaria specific antigens were high among children with sufficient iron status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Kofi Tchum
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- Kintampo Health Research Centre, Kintampo-North, Ghana
| | - Samuel Asamoah Sakyi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- * E-mail:
| | - Bright Adu
- Department of Immunology, College of Health Sciences, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Fareed Arthur
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | | | - Benjamin Amoani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Thomas Gyan
- Kintampo Health Research Centre, Kintampo-North, Ghana
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