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Al-Shouli ST, Meo SA, Alafaleq NO, Sumaily KM, Alshehri A, Almutairi A, Eidalsharif A, Alsulami F, Alhanaya S. Prevalence of Chemosensitive Neurological Disorders of Smell and Taste and Association with Blood Groups in SARS-CoV-2 Patients: Cross-Sectional Study. Viruses 2023; 15:1277. [PMID: 37376577 DOI: 10.3390/v15061277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a highly challenging and threatening situation worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 patients develop various clinical symptoms. The olfactory and taste dysfunctions are potential neurological manifestations among SARS-CoV-2 patients; however, their relationship with blood groups has rarely been investigated. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of chemosensitive neurological disorders of smell and taste and their association with blood groups in SARS-CoV-2 patients. The present cross-sectional study was performed in the Department of Pathology, and Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A well-structured, self-administered questionnaire was designed and distributed through social media platforms. A total of 922 Saudi and non-Saudi adults aged 18 years or older participated in the study. Out of 922 participants, the number of people who had anosmia was 309 (33.5%), 211 (22.9%) had hyposmia, and 45 (4.8%) had dysosmia. Moreover, 180 (19.52%) had ageusia, 47 (5.1%) and 293 (31.8%) had hypogeusia and dysgeusia, respectively. Among all the participants, 565 (61.27%) had smell-related disorders and 520 (56.39%) participants had taste-related clinical symptoms. The occurrence of anosmia and ageusia was relatively high among females compared to males (p = 0.024). The prevalence of smell-related disorders was 25.0% (230) and taste-related disorders was 23.21% (214) among the study participants with blood group O compared to all other blood group (A, B, and AB) participants who have smell allied disorders 30.69% (283), and taste allied disorders 27.98% (258). The prevalence of chemosensitive neurological disorders involving impaired smell and taste was higher in SARS-CoV-2 patients. These clinical symptoms were common among the participants with blood group type O compared to all other ABO blood group types. The role of certain demographic characteristics was consistent throughout multiple studies, notably with female gender and young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia T Al-Shouli
- Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Ayoub Meo
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf O Alafaleq
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid M Sumaily
- Clinical Biochemistry Unit, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aseel Alshehri
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Azaam Eidalsharif
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Alsulami
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Alhanaya
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
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O'Mahoney LL, Routen A, Gillies C, Ekezie W, Welford A, Zhang A, Karamchandani U, Simms-Williams N, Cassambai S, Ardavani A, Wilkinson TJ, Hawthorne G, Curtis F, Kingsnorth AP, Almaqhawi A, Ward T, Ayoubkhani D, Banerjee A, Calvert M, Shafran R, Stephenson T, Sterne J, Ward H, Evans RA, Zaccardi F, Wright S, Khunti K. Corrigendum to "The prevalence and long-term health effects of long Covid among hospitalised and non-hospitalised populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis". EClinicalMedicine 2023; 59:101959. [PMID: 37096187 PMCID: PMC10115131 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.101959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101762.].
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ash Routen
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Clare Gillies
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Leicester Real World Evidence Unit, Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Winifred Ekezie
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Anneka Welford
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alexa Zhang
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Urvi Karamchandani
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Shabana Cassambai
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashkon Ardavani
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Grace Hawthorne
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Ffion Curtis
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Andrew P Kingsnorth
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Abdullah Almaqhawi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thomas Ward
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Daniel Ayoubkhani
- Office for National Statistics, Government Buildings, Newport, UK
- Leicester Real World Evidence Unit, Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Amitava Banerjee
- Faculty of Population Health Sciences, Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Population Science and Experimental Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Melanie Calvert
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre and NIHR Applied Research Collaboration West Midlands, University Hospital Birmingham and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Respiratory Department, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
- Birmingham Health Partners Centre for Regulatory Science and Innovation and Centre for Patient Reported Outcomes Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Roz Shafran
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Terence Stephenson
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jonathan Sterne
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Helen Ward
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rachael A Evans
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Respiratory Department, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
- Office for National Statistics, Government Buildings, Newport, UK
| | - Francesco Zaccardi
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Leicester Real World Evidence Unit, Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Kamlesh Khunti
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Leicester Real World Evidence Unit, Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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Pereira E, Felipe S, de Freitas R, Araújo V, Soares P, Ribeiro J, Henrique Dos Santos L, Alves JO, Canabrava N, van Tilburg M, Guedes MI, Ceccatto V. ABO blood group and link to COVID-19: A comprehensive review of the reported associations and their possible underlying mechanisms. Microb Pathog 2022; 169:105658. [PMID: 35764188 PMCID: PMC9233352 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
ABO blood group is long known to be an influencing factor for the susceptibility to infectious diseases, and many studies have been describing associations between ABO blood types and COVID-19 infection and severity, with conflicting findings. This narrative review aims to summarize the literature regarding associations between the ABO blood group and COVID-19. Blood type O is mostly associated with lower rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection, while blood type A is frequently described as a risk factor. Although results regarding the risk of severe outcomes are more variable, blood type A is the most associated with COVID-19 severity and mortality, while many studies describe O blood type as a protective factor for the disease progression. Furthermore, genetic associations with both the risk of infection and disease severity have been reported for the ABO locus. Some underlying mechanisms have been hypothesized to explain the reported associations, with incipient experimental data. Three major hypotheses emerge: SARS-CoV-2 could carry ABO(H)-like structures in its envelope glycoproteins and would be asymmetrically transmitted due to a protective effect of the ABO antibodies, ABH antigens could facilitate SARS-CoV-2 interaction with the host’ cells, and the association of non-O blood types with higher risks of thromboembolic events could confer COVID-19 patients with blood type O a lower risk of severe outcomes. The hypothesized mechanisms would affect distinct aspects of the COVID-19 natural history, with distinct potential implications to the disease transmission and its management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Pereira
- Superior Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Ceará, Dr. Silas Munguba Av., Fortaleza, 60714-903, Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Stela Felipe
- Superior Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Ceará, Dr. Silas Munguba Av., Fortaleza, 60714-903, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Raquel de Freitas
- Superior Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Ceará, Dr. Silas Munguba Av., Fortaleza, 60714-903, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Valdevane Araújo
- Superior Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Ceará, Dr. Silas Munguba Av., Fortaleza, 60714-903, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Paula Soares
- Superior Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Ceará, Dr. Silas Munguba Av., Fortaleza, 60714-903, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Jannison Ribeiro
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center of Ceará, José Bastos Av., Fortaleza, 60431-086, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Luiz Henrique Dos Santos
- Superior Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Ceará, Dr. Silas Munguba Av., Fortaleza, 60714-903, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Juliana Osório Alves
- Superior Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Ceará, Dr. Silas Munguba Av., Fortaleza, 60714-903, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Natália Canabrava
- Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, State University of Ceará, Dr. Silas Munguba Av., Fortaleza, 60714-903, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Mauricio van Tilburg
- Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, State University of Ceará, Dr. Silas Munguba Av., Fortaleza, 60714-903, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Maria Izabel Guedes
- Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, State University of Ceará, Dr. Silas Munguba Av., Fortaleza, 60714-903, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Vânia Ceccatto
- Superior Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Ceará, Dr. Silas Munguba Av., Fortaleza, 60714-903, Ceará, Brazil
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A Comprehensive Comparison of Clinical Presentation and Outcomes of Kidney Transplant Recipients with COVID-19 during Wave 1 versus Wave 2 at a Tertiary Care Center, India. Int J Nephrol 2022; 2022:9088393. [PMID: 35669496 PMCID: PMC9165617 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9088393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Data comparing the clinical spectrum of COVID-19 in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) during the first and second waves of the pandemic in India is limited. Our single-center retrospective study compared the clinical profile, mortality, and associated risk factors in KTRs with COVID-19 during the 1st wave (1st February 2020 to 31st January 2021) and the second wave (1st March-31st August 2021). 156 KTRs with PCR confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection treated at a tertiary care hospital in New Delhi during the 1st and the second waves were analyzed. The demographics and baseline transplant characteristics of the patients diagnosed during both waves were comparable. Patients in the second wave reported less frequent hospitalization, though the intensive care unit (ICU) and ventilator requirements were similar. Strategies to modify immunosuppressants such as discontinuation of antinucleoside drugs with or without change in calcineurin inhibitors and the use of steroids were similar during both waves. Overall patient mortality was 27.5%. The demographics and baseline characteristics of survivors and nonsurvivors were comparable. A higher percentage of nonsurvivors presented with breathing difficulty, low SpO2, and altered sensorium. Both wave risk factors for mortality included older age, severe disease, ICU/ventilator requirements, acute kidney injury (AKI) needing dialysis, Chest Computerized Tomographic (CT) scan abnormalities, and higher levels of inflammatory markers particularly D-dimer and interleukin-6 levels. Conclusions. KTRs in both COVID-19 waves had similar demographics and baseline characteristics, while fewer patients during the second wave required hospitalization. The D-dimer and IL-6 levels are directly correlated with mortality.
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Varghese S, Shankar A, SS S, Gowda Y, V A. A Cross-Sectional Study of the Association of ABO Blood Group and Rh Type With Severity of COVID-19 Infection in a Tertiary Care Center of South India. Cureus 2022; 14:e25569. [PMID: 35784998 PMCID: PMC9248754 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.25569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Alabsi RAM, Sandeepa NC, Misfer RT, Alraqdi MM, Hamdi MIM. Correlation between Post-COVID-19, Chemosensitive Function, Blood Group, and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life. Int J Dent 2022; 2022:8715777. [PMID: 35572353 PMCID: PMC9092212 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8715777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Materials and Methods A cross-sectional information on demographics, symptomatic disease status, ABO blood group, and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) was collected among 100 patients who were earlier tested positive for COVID-19 reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and were now reporting to the College of Dentistry for routine treatment after recovery. Objective evaluation of olfactory and gustatory disturbances was elicited using the Connecticut Chemosensory Clinical Research Center (CCCRC) test and gustatory function testing. Furthermore, OHRQoL was assessed using Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14). Results More than half of the patients (62%) had some form of olfactory dysfunction/alteration, and 42% had poor CCCRC scores. About 14% reported ageusia, while 68% reported some form of taste alterations, and 55% reported poor OHRQoL. A statistically significant difference was reported between different ABO blood groups and subjective loss of smell (p < 0.05). The subjective loss of taste, CCCRC score, and dysgeusia were found to be independent of OHIP-14 (p > 0.05), but the taste intensity score was dependent on OHIP 14 (p < 0.05). Moreover, a majority (70.8% and 70.0%) with poor OHIP-14 scores had taste intensity scores of 3 and 4, respectively, while those with moderate (68.4% and 48.6%) OHIP-14 had scored 1 and 2, respectively. Conclusion Olfactory and gustatory disturbances were found to be a long-term feature in post-COVID-19 patients. The blood group is a predisposing factor for persistent smell alterations in post-COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - N. C. Sandeepa
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences and Oral Biology, King Khalid University, College of Dentistry, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Nafakhi A, Rabeea IS, Al‐Darraji R, Nafakhi H, Mechi A, Al‐Khalidi A, alareedh M. Association of ABO blood group with in-hospital adverse outcome and long term persistent symptoms of COVID-19 infection: A single-center longitudinal observational study. Health Sci Rep 2022; 5:e656. [PMID: 35620543 PMCID: PMC9125875 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims There are gaps in knowledge regarding the association between the ABO blood group and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) immediate and long-term outcomes. We aimed to investigate the association of ABO blood group with COVID-19 in-hospital adverse outcomes and to determine whether ABO blood group is associated with post-COVID-19 persistent symptoms. Methods This was a single-center longitudinal observational study that included patients who presented with symptoms suggestive of COVID-19 infection and a positive test for COVID-19 and were able to attend the out-patient clinic after 6 months following acute COVID-19. The main outcomes were intensive care unit admission, the requirement for respiratory support, in-hospital death, and persistent symptoms. χ 2 test and regression analysis were used to analyze the collected data. Results A total of 169 patients were enrolled for the assessment of in-hospital adverse outcomes of whom 86 patients were included for the assessment of persistent symptoms after the exclusion of deceased patients or patients not attended the out-patient clinic. Patients with blood group B had higher prevalence of in-hospital death compared to blood group O (39% vs. 13%, p = 0.01) and this persisted after adjusting for sex (odds ratio, OR [confidence interval, CI] = 1.4 [1.1-2.1], p = 0.04), while patients with blood group AB had higher prevalence of requiring respiratory support than blood group O (54% vs. 10%, p = 0.02) and this persisted after adjusting for age (OR [CI] = 1.5 [1.1-2.3], p = 0.02). Concerning the association of ABO blood group and long-term symptoms, blood group AB showed a higher prevalence of palpitation (p < 0.001) and dizziness (p = 0.02) than other blood groups. Conclusions Blood groups AB and B are significantly associated with respiratory support use and in-hospital death, respectively, compared to blood group O. Blood group AB is significantly associated with persistent palpitation and dizziness compared to other blood groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Nafakhi
- Researcher Research UnitNajaf Health Bureau, Ministry of HealthNajafIraq
| | - Ihsan S. Rabeea
- Department of Clinical PharmacyFaculty of Pharmacy, University of KufaNajafIraq
| | - Rasha Al‐Darraji
- Allergy and Asthma Center, Specialized Centers DepartmentAl‐Sader Teaching Hospital, Najaf Health Bureau, Ministry of HealthNajafIraq
| | - Hussein Nafakhi
- Internal Medicine DepartmentMedicine College, University of KufaNajafIraq
| | - Ahmed Mechi
- Internal Medicine DepartmentMedicine College, University of KufaNajafIraq
| | - Alhan Al‐Khalidi
- Internal Medicine DepartmentMedicine College, Jabir Ibn Hayan Medical UniversityNajafIraq
| | - Mohammed alareedh
- Internal Medicine DepartmentMedicine College, University of KufaNajafIraq
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Proteome-wide Mendelian randomization identifies causal links between blood proteins and severe COVID-19. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010042. [PMID: 35239653 PMCID: PMC8893330 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In November 2021, the COVID-19 pandemic death toll surpassed five million individuals. We applied Mendelian randomization including >3,000 blood proteins as exposures to identify potential biomarkers that may indicate risk for hospitalization or need for respiratory support or death due to COVID-19, respectively. After multiple testing correction, using genetic instruments and under the assumptions of Mendelian Randomization, our results were consistent with higher blood levels of five proteins GCNT4, CD207, RAB14, C1GALT1C1, and ABO being causally associated with an increased risk of hospitalization or respiratory support/death due to COVID-19 (ORs = 1.12-1.35). Higher levels of FAAH2 were solely associated with an increased risk of hospitalization (OR = 1.19). On the contrary, higher levels of SELL, SELE, and PECAM-1 decrease risk of hospitalization or need for respiratory support/death (ORs = 0.80-0.91). Higher levels of LCTL, SFTPD, KEL, and ATP2A3 were solely associated with a decreased risk of hospitalization (ORs = 0.86-0.93), whilst higher levels of ICAM-1 were solely associated with a decreased risk of respiratory support/death of COVID-19 (OR = 0.84). Our findings implicate blood group markers and binding proteins in both hospitalization and need for respiratory support/death. They, additionally, suggest that higher levels of endocannabinoid enzymes may increase the risk of hospitalization. Our research replicates findings of blood markers previously associated with COVID-19 and prioritises additional blood markers for risk prediction of severe forms of COVID-19. Furthermore, we pinpoint druggable targets potentially implicated in disease pathology.
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Behera B, Rout B, RajashreePanigrahy, Kar SK, Sahoo D, Sahu KK, Otta S. ABO blood grouping and COVID-19: a hospital-based study in Eastern India. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2022; 23:7. [PMID: 37521837 PMCID: PMC8769779 DOI: 10.1186/s43042-022-00225-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Blood group has been stated to be one of the risk factors associated with viral diseases like dengue, hepatitis virus, Norwalk virus and even the coronavirus associated with 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak. In addition, anti-A antibodies in experimental models have been shown to inhibit the interaction between coronavirus and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) receptor of the host target cell, the major receptor involved in viral pathogenesis. Thus, several workers propose an association between ABO blood type and coronavirus disease- 2019 (COVID-19) disease in many previous studies. The present study was undertaken in the Eastern part of India in line with these authors to study the association of ABO blood group of patients with COVID susceptibility and severity. Methods This is a retrospective study over a period of 6 months from June 2020 to November 2020 where patients who underwent quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) test for SARS-COV2 and having a recorded patient blood group type were considered. The qRT-PCR positive admitted cases were considered as cases, and qRT-PCR negative cases were considered as controls. Data were entered in Microsoft Excel format and analyzed by statistical method to obtain association. Results Consecutively obtained 5000 qRT-PCR positive patients (cases) and 11,700 (controls) were included in the present study. The mean age of cases was higher (54.24 vs. 34. 67) than the controls. Among the cases, the highest number (2379; 47.6%) of samples belonged to A blood group followed by B (1278; 25.6%) while among the control group O blood group had the highest prevalence (4215; 36%). Blood group A had a higher odd of testing positive (Odds ratio-2.552; CI 2.381-2.734; p < 0.0001) than all other blood groups. A blood group is also associated with higher risk of ICU admission (Odds ratio- 1.699; 95% CI 1.515-1.905) and 65.3% of this group is also associated with high viral load which gives an indication of higher disease severity. Conclusion Blood group A is associated with an increased susceptibility to COVID 19 infection than other blood groups. Cases of this blood group are also associated with more critical care needs and a higher viral load on testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birasen Behera
- Department of Microbiology, IMS and SUM Hospital, Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar, 751003 India
| | - Bidyutprava Rout
- Department of Microbiology, IMS and SUM Hospital, Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar, 751003 India
| | - RajashreePanigrahy
- Department of Microbiology, IMS and SUM Hospital, Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar, 751003 India
| | - Subrat Kumar Kar
- Department of Microbiology, IMS and SUM Hospital, Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar, 751003 India
| | - Debasish Sahoo
- Department of Microbiology, IMS and SUM Hospital, Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar, 751003 India
| | - Kundan Kumar Sahu
- Department of Microbiology, IMS and SUM Hospital, Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar, 751003 India
| | - Sarita Otta
- Department of Microbiology, IMS and SUM Hospital, Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar, 751003 India
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Wu H, Crost EH, Owen CD, van Bakel W, Martínez Gascueña A, Latousakis D, Hicks T, Walpole S, Urbanowicz PA, Ndeh D, Monaco S, Sánchez Salom L, Griffiths R, Reynolds RS, Colvile A, Spencer DIR, Walsh M, Angulo J, Juge N. The human gut symbiont Ruminococcus gnavus shows specificity to blood group A antigen during mucin glycan foraging: Implication for niche colonisation in the gastrointestinal tract. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001498. [PMID: 34936658 PMCID: PMC8730463 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gut symbiont Ruminococcus gnavus displays strain-specific repertoires of glycoside hydrolases (GHs) contributing to its spatial location in the gut. Sequence similarity network analysis identified strain-specific differences in blood-group endo-β-1,4-galactosidase belonging to the GH98 family. We determined the substrate and linkage specificities of GH98 from R. gnavus ATCC 29149, RgGH98, against a range of defined oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates including mucin. We showed by HPAEC-PAD and LC-FD-MS/MS that RgGH98 is specific for blood group A tetrasaccharide type II (BgA II). Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR confirmed RgGH98 affinity for blood group A over blood group B and H antigens. The molecular basis of RgGH98 strict specificity was further investigated using a combination of glycan microarrays, site-directed mutagenesis, and X-ray crystallography. The crystal structures of RgGH98 in complex with BgA trisaccharide (BgAtri) and of RgGH98 E411A with BgA II revealed a dedicated hydrogen network of residues, which were shown by site-directed mutagenesis to be critical to the recognition of the BgA epitope. We demonstrated experimentally that RgGH98 is part of an operon of 10 genes that is overexpresssed in vitro when R. gnavus ATCC 29149 is grown on mucin as sole carbon source as shown by RNAseq analysis and RT-qPCR confirmed RgGH98 expression on BgA II growth. Using MALDI-ToF MS, we showed that RgGH98 releases BgAtri from mucin and that pretreatment of mucin with RgGH98 confered R. gnavus E1 the ability to grow, by enabling the E1 strain to metabolise BgAtri and access the underlying mucin glycan chain. These data further support that the GH repertoire of R. gnavus strains enable them to colonise different nutritional niches in the human gut and has potential applications in diagnostic and therapeutics against infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Wu
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | | | - C David Owen
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Didcot, United Kingdom
- Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Thomas Hicks
- University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Didier Ndeh
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - Anna Colvile
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Didcot, United Kingdom
- Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | | | - Martin Walsh
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Didcot, United Kingdom
- Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Jesus Angulo
- University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
- Universidad de Sevilla and Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Nathalie Juge
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Tadi LJ, Chunchu SR, M S, Mallamgunta S, Ravula U, K A, Dara C, Sandepogu TS. Screening of Asymptomatic Healthcare Workers for SARS-COV-2 for Occult Infections: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2021; 13:e19341. [PMID: 34909302 PMCID: PMC8652090 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.19341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The SARS-CoV-2 illness (COVID-19) has spread around the world, primarily through person-to-person transmission, and is a serious public health concern. Based on the severity of illness symptoms, SARS-CoV-2 infection can be classified as either apparent or occult. To date, real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on respiratory specimens, particularly nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs, or nasopharyngeal wash or aspirate, has been the gold standard for the identification of COVID-19. A negative RT-PCR does not necessarily rule out SARS-CoV-2 infection. Occult COVID-19 infections could least be identified with RT-PCR. Aims and objectives To assess the prevalence of possible occult COVID-19 infection in healthcare personnel by RT-PCR and serology testing for SARS-CoV-2 virus. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on health care workers at a tertiary care hospital in South India during the period from October 2020 to January 2021. None of the study participants were vaccinated against COVID-19 during the study period. Nasopharyngeal swabs collected for RT-PCR were tested using Cobas 480 platform (Roche, Basel, Switzerland). Peripheral blood venous sampling was performed to collect EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) and plain samples. SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies against spike proteins were estimated using ECI Vitros platform (Ortho Clinical Diagnostics, Raritan, USA). Results The mean age of study participants was 34.78 years (SD±9.51) with an age range of 19-69 years. The study participants were stratified into age groups of 19-25 years, 26-40 years, 41-60 years, and above 60 years, gender, ABO and Rh blood groups, and occupational and further based on their area of work as Covid and Non-Covid for the purpose of statistical analysis. Total 190 samples from healthcare workers (HCWs) were tested for RT-PCR using nasopharyngeal swabs collected at the time of enrolment into the study, and all the 190 samples tested negative for RT-PCR. Among 190 HCW samples screened for SARS-CoV-2-IgG antibodies, 48 (25.3%) were found reactive for IgG antibodies while 142 (74.7%) were found non-reactive. Conclusion Our study findings suggested that using RT-PCR testing, which may only identify those with a prolonged viral shedding period and minimum viral loads, the proportion of asymptomatic/occult infections could be underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi J Tadi
- Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Hyderabad, IND
| | | | - Srinivas M
- Pediatric Surgery, ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Hyderabad, IND
| | | | - Ushasree Ravula
- Transfusion Medicine, ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Hyderabad, IND
| | - Ariyanachi K
- Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Hyderabad, IND
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Ishaq U, Malik A, Malik J, Mehmood A, Qureshi A, Laique T, Zaidi SMJ, Javaid M, Rana AS. Association of ABO blood group with COVID-19 severity, acute phase reactants and mortality. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261432. [PMID: 34905588 PMCID: PMC8670663 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the ongoing pandemic with multitude of manifestations and association of ABO blood group in South-East Asian population needs to be explored. METHODS It was a retrospective study of patients with COVID-19. Blood group A, B, O, and AB were identified in every participant, irrespective of their RH type and allotted groups 1, 2,3, and 4, respectively. Correlation between blood group and lab parameters was presented as histogram distributed among the four groups. Multivariate regression and logistic regression were used for inferential statistics. RESULTS The cohort included 1067 patients: 521 (48.8%) participants had blood group O as the prevalent blood type. Overall, 10.6% COVID-19-related mortality was observed at our center. Mortality was 13.9% in blood group A, 9.5% in group B, 10% in group C, and 10.2% in AB blood group (p = 0.412). IL-6 was elevated in blood group A (median [IQR]: 23.6 [17.5,43.8]), Procalcitonin in blood group B (median [IQR]: 0.54 [0.3,0.7]), D-dimers and CRP in group AB (median [IQR]: 21.5 [9,34]; 24 [9,49], respectively). Regarding severity of COVID-19 disease, no statistical difference was seen between the blood groups. Alteration of the acute phase reactants was not positively associated with any specific blood type. CONCLUSION In conclusion, this investigation did not show significant association of blood groups with severity and of COVID-19 disease and COVID-19-associated mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Ishaq
- Department of Hematology, Foundation University Medical College, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Asmara Malik
- Department of Community Medicine, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Jahanzeb Malik
- Department of Cardiology, Rawalpindi Institute of Cardiology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
- Department of Cardiology, Advanced Diagnostics and Liver Center, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Asad Mehmood
- Department of Cardiology, Rawalpindi Institute of Cardiology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Azhar Qureshi
- Department of Cardiology, Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Talha Laique
- Department of Pharmacology, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Javaid
- Department of Cardiology, Rawalpindi Institute of Cardiology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Sattar Rana
- Department of Cardiology, Rawalpindi Institute of Cardiology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
- Department of Cardiology, Advanced Diagnostics and Liver Center, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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Rana R, Ranjan V, Kumar N. Association of ABO and Rh Blood Group in Susceptibility, Severity, and Mortality of Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Hospital-Based Study From Delhi, India. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:767771. [PMID: 34796130 PMCID: PMC8593001 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.767771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background ABO and Rh blood group systems are associated with many diseases including cancerous, infectious, non-infectious, bacterial and viral diseases. Studies have shown association of blood groups A and O with higher and lower odds for coronavirus disease 2019 positivity, respectively. Methods This is a single-center, retrospective study conducted at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Delhi. We investigated the association of ABO and Rh blood groups with susceptibility to coronavirus disease 2019 infection, severity of disease, recovery period, and mortality of patients. Patients were enrolled from April 8, 2020 to October 4, 2020. A total of 2,586 real-time PCR (RT-PCR)-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients were recruited. Data was analyzed using chi-square test, odds ratio, and Mann–Whitney test to determine the association of blood groups. Results In the 2,586 COVID-19-infected patients, the frequencies of A, B, O, and AB were 29.93%, 41.80%, 21.19%, and 7.98%, respectively. Of the patients, 98.07% were Rh positive. Blood group A (odds ratio, 1.53; CI, 1.40–1.66; p < 0.001) and B (odds ratio, 1.15; CI, 1.06–1.24; p < 0.001) is observed to be significantly associated with COVID-19 susceptibility, whereas blood group O (odds ratio, 0.65; CI, 0.59–0.71; p < 0.001) and AB (odds ratio, 0.66; CI, 0.59–0.71; p < 0.001) have low risk of COVID-19 infection. Conclusion A, B, and Rh+ are found to be more susceptible to COVID-19 infection, whereas blood groups O, AB, and Rh− are at a lower risk of COVID-19 infection. No association was found between blood groups and susceptibility to severity of disease and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Rana
- Department of Research, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Vivek Ranjan
- Department of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Department of Research, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Ayatollahi AA, Aghcheli B, Amini A, Nikbakht H, Ghassemzadehpirsala P, Behboudi E, Rajabi A, Tahamtan A. Association between blood groups and COVID-19 outcome in Iranian patients. Future Virol 2021; 16:10.2217/fvl-2021-0090. [PMID: 34589135 PMCID: PMC8462120 DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2021-0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aim: Many factors have been speculated to explain the COVID-19 complex clinical phenotype. Due to the inconsistent data published on blood groups and COVID-19, we conducted a study on Iranian patients to further assess this association. Materials & methods: This retrospective study was conducted on data collected from confirmed COVID-19 hospitalized patients during March and December 2020 in a referral hospital for COVID-19, 5 Azar Hospital, Gorgan, north of Iran. A total of 1554 confirmed COVID-19 cases were enrolled in the study with blood group (ABO and Rh), demographic, and clinical data available. Results: Of 1554 patients, 1267 and 287 cases had recovered and deceased (due to COVID-19) outcomes, respectively. Most of the cases had O+ (29.6%), the least number had AB- (0.5%), and most of the deceased cases had O+ blood types (31.4%). Logistic regression analysis revealed that groups A- and B- had higher and groups B+, AB+, O+ and O- had lower odds of death than the A+ group. Conclusion: This study indicates that blood types may be related to the clinical outcome of COVID-19. Further studies with a large cohort for multiple people are required to validate this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Asghar Ayatollahi
- Laboratory Sciences Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, 4934174513, Iran
| | - Bahman Aghcheli
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, 4934174515, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Amini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, 4934174516, Iran
| | - Hasan Nikbakht
- Faculty of Medical, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, 4934174515, Iran
| | | | - Emad Behboudi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, 4934174515, Iran
| | - Abdolhalim Rajabi
- Biostatistics & Epidemiology Department, Faculty of Health, Environmental Health Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, 4934174518, Iran
| | - Alireza Tahamtan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, 4934174515, Iran
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, 4934174510, Iran
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Kumar G, Nanchal R, Hererra M, Sakhuja A, Patel D, Meersman M, Dalton D, Guddati AK. Does ABO Blood Groups Affect Outcomes in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients? J Hematol 2021; 10:98-105. [PMID: 34267846 PMCID: PMC8256919 DOI: 10.14740/jh824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Blood group type A has been associated with increased susceptibility for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection when compared to group O. The aim of our study was to examine outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients among blood groups A and O. Methods This is an observational study. Kruskal-Wallis and Chi-square tests were used to compare continuous and categorical variables. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine association of blood groups with rates of mortality and severity of disease. All adult patients (> 18 years) admitted with COVID-19 infection between March 1, 2020 and March 10, 2021 at a large community hospital in Northeast Georgia were included. We compared mortality, severity of disease (use of mechanical ventilation, vasopressor, and acute renal failure), rates of venous thromboembolism and inflammatory markers between the blood groups. We used multivariable logistic regression model to adjust for demographical and clinical characteristics, use of COVID-19 medications and severity. Results A total of 3,563 of 5,204 admitted patients had information on blood groups. Of these, 1,301 (36.5%) were group A, 377 (10.6 %) were group B, 133 (3.7%) were group AB and 1,752 (49.2%) were group O. On adjusted analysis, there were no significant differences in rates of intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, mechanical ventilation, vasopressors, acute renal failure, venous thromboembolism and readmission rate between the blood groups A and O. In-hospital mortality was also not statistically different among the blood groups A and O (17.5% vs. 20.1%; P = 0.07). On adjusted analysis, in-hospital mortality was not lower in blood groups O (odds ratio (OR): 1.06; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.80 - 1.40, P = 0.70). Conclusions Once hospitalized with COVID-19 infection, blood groups A and O are not associated with increased severity or in-hospital mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagan Kumar
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Northeast Georgia Health System, Gainesville, GA 30501, USA
| | - Rahul Nanchal
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Martin Hererra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Northeast Georgia Health System, Gainesville, GA 30501, USA
| | - Ankit Sakhuja
- Division of Cardiovascular Critical Care, Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Dhaval Patel
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Northeast Georgia Health System, Gainesville, GA 30501, USA
| | | | | | - Achuta Kumar Guddati
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30909, USA
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