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Kaufmann S, Gronwald T, Herold F, Hoos O. Heart Rate Variability-Derived Thresholds for Exercise Intensity Prescription in Endurance Sports: A Systematic Review of Interrelations and Agreement with Different Ventilatory and Blood Lactate Thresholds. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2023; 9:59. [PMID: 37462761 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-023-00607-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise intensities are prescribed using specific intensity zones (moderate, heavy, and severe) determined by a 'lower' and a 'higher' threshold. Typically, ventilatory (VT) or blood lactate thresholds (LT), and critical power/speed concepts (CP/CS) are used. Various heart rate variability-derived thresholds (HRVTs) using different HRV indices may constitute applicable alternatives, but a systematic review of the proximity of HRVTs to established threshold concepts is lacking. OBJECTIVE This systematic review aims to provide an overview of studies that determined HRVTs during endurance exercise in healthy adults in comparison with a reference VT and/or LT concept. METHODS A systematic literature search for studies determining HRVTs in healthy individuals during endurance exercise and comparing them with VTs or LTs was conducted in Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science (until January 2022). Studies claiming to describe similar physiological boundaries to delineate moderate from heavy (HRVTlow vs. VTlow and/or LTlow), and heavy from severe intensity zone (HRVThigh vs. VThigh and/or LThigh) were grouped and their results synthesized. RESULTS Twenty-seven included studies (461 participants) showed a mean difference in relative HR between HRVTlow and VTlow of - 0.6%bpm in weighted means and 0.02%bpm between HRVTlow and LTlow. Bias between HR at HRVTlow and VTlow was 1 bpm (limits of agreement (LoA): - 10.9 to 12.8 bpm) and 2.7 bpm (LoA: - 20.4 to 25.8 bpm) between HRVTlow and LTlow. Mean difference in HR between HRVThigh and VThigh was 0.3%bpm in weighted means and 2.9%bpm between HRVThigh and LThigh while bias between HR at HRVThigh and VThigh was - 4 bpm (LoA: - 17.9 to 9.9 bpm) and 2.5 bpm (LoA: - 12.1 to 17.1 bpm) between HRVThigh and LThigh. CONCLUSION HRVTlow seems to be a promising approach for the determination of a 'lower' threshold comparable to VTlow and potentially for HRVThigh compared to VThigh, although the latter needs further empirical evaluation. LoA for both intensity zone boundaries indicates bias of HRVTs on an individual level. Taken together, HRVTs can be a promising alternative for prescribing exercise intensity in healthy, male athletes undertaking endurance activities but due to the heterogeneity of study design, threshold concepts, standardization, and lack of female participants, further research is necessary to draw more robust and nuanced conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Kaufmann
- Center for Sports and Physical Education, Faculty of Human Sciences, Julius-Maximilians-University Wuerzburg, Am Hubland/Sports Center, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Thomas Gronwald
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Herold
- Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases, Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Olaf Hoos
- Center for Sports and Physical Education, Faculty of Human Sciences, Julius-Maximilians-University Wuerzburg, Am Hubland/Sports Center, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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Fabbrizio A, Fucarino A, Cantoia M, De Giorgio A, Garrido ND, Iuliano E, Reis VM, Sausa M, Vilaça-Alves J, Zimatore G, Baldari C, Macaluso F. Smart Devices for Health and Wellness Applied to Tele-Exercise: An Overview of New Trends and Technologies Such as IoT and AI. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:1805. [PMID: 37372922 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11121805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This descriptive article explores the use of smart devices for health and wellness in the context of telehealth, highlighting rapidly evolving technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI). Key innovations, benefits, challenges, and opportunities related to the adoption of these technologies are outlined. The article provides a descriptive and accessible approach to understanding the evolution and impact of smart devices in the tele-exercise reality. Nowadays, technological advances provide solutions that were unthinkable just a few years ago. The habits of the general population have also changed over the past few years. Hence, there is a need to investigate this issue and draw the attention of the scientific community to this topic by describing the benefits and challenges associated with each topic. If individuals no longer go to exercise, the exercise must go to their homes instead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Fabbrizio
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, eCampus University, 22060 Novedrate, Italy
| | - Alberto Fucarino
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, eCampus University, 22060 Novedrate, Italy
| | - Manuela Cantoia
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, eCampus University, 22060 Novedrate, Italy
| | - Andrea De Giorgio
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, eCampus University, 22060 Novedrate, Italy
| | - Nuno D Garrido
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Enzo Iuliano
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, eCampus University, 22060 Novedrate, Italy
| | - Victor Machado Reis
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Martina Sausa
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, eCampus University, 22060 Novedrate, Italy
| | - José Vilaça-Alves
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Sciences Department, University of Tras-os-Montes & Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Giovanna Zimatore
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, eCampus University, 22060 Novedrate, Italy
| | - Carlo Baldari
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, eCampus University, 22060 Novedrate, Italy
| | - Filippo Macaluso
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, eCampus University, 22060 Novedrate, Italy
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3
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Metabolic and Body Composition Changes in Ice Hockey Players Using an Ergogenic Drug (Cytoflavin). BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12020214. [PMID: 36829493 PMCID: PMC9953230 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES In ice hockey, the major physical workload comes from acceleration in all planes of motion and transitions between skating trajectories. Hockey players' anthropometric characteristics correlate with performance. In team sports, the use of ergogenic drugs for recovery is relevant to avoid athletes' overtraining. It is very important to protect athletes' health and allow them to maintain high-performance levels. Cytoflavin is an ergogenic drug whose action is based on the combined effects of its active ingredients (succinic acid, inosine, nicotinamide and riboflavin), which are naturally occurring metabolites that stimulate tissue respiration. The study aimed to assess the 6-week Cytoflavin consumption effects on body composition (body weight, body mass index, body fat percentage and bioimpedance phase angle) and aerobic performance. METHODS This study included 60 male professional hockey players (aged 19 to 36 years) divided into two groups of 30 subjects: group I (body weight 87.90 ± 7.44 kg, BMI 25.86 ± 2.04 kg/m2) and group II (body weight 87.04 ± 6.22 kg, BMI 25.52 ± 2.38 kg/m2). Athletes in group I received Cytoflavin, whereas athletes in group II did not. RESULTS In group I, statistically significant reductions in body weight and body mass index were not observed until 14 and 35 days, respectively. In contrast, in group II, both body weight and BMI significantly decreased both times. Aerobic performance significantly increased in both groups, with significantly greater increases in group I. CONCLUSIONS Cytoflavin can be considered an ergogenic drug that improves body composition parameters, especially in the control of weight reduction and improvement in aerobic performance.
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Zimatore G, Serantoni C, Gallotta MC, Guidetti L, Maulucci G, De Spirito M. Automatic Detection of Aerobic Threshold through Recurrence Quantification Analysis of Heart Rate Time Series. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1998. [PMID: 36767364 PMCID: PMC9916349 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
During exercise with increasing intensity, the human body transforms energy with mechanisms dependent upon actual requirements. Three phases of the body's energy utilization are recognized, characterized by different metabolic processes, and separated by two threshold points, called aerobic (AerT) and anaerobic threshold (AnT). These thresholds occur at determined values of exercise intensity(workload) and can change among individuals. They are considered indicators of exercise capacities and are useful in the personalization of physical activity plans. They are usually detected by ventilatory or metabolic variables and require expensive equipment and invasive measurements. Recently, particular attention has focused on AerT, which is a parameter especially useful in the overweight and obese population to determine the best amount of exercise intensity for weight loss and increasing physical fitness. The aim of study is to propose a new procedure to automatically identify AerT using the analysis of recurrences (RQA) relying only on Heart rate time series, acquired from a cohort of young athletes during a sub-maximal incremental exercise test (Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test, CPET) on a cycle ergometer. We found that the minima of determinism, an RQA feature calculated from the Recurrence Quantification by Epochs (RQE) approach, identify the time points where generic metabolic transitions occur. Among these transitions, a criterion based on the maximum convexity of the determinism minima allows to detect the first metabolic threshold. The ordinary least products regression analysis shows that values of the oxygen consumption VO2, heart rate (HR), and Workload correspondent to the AerT estimated by RQA are strongly correlated with the one estimated by CPET (r > 0.64). Mean percentage differences are <2% for both HR and VO2 and <11% for Workload. The Technical Error for HR at AerT is <8%; intraclass correlation coefficients values are moderate (≥0.66) for all variables at AerT. This system thus represents a useful method to detect AerT relying only on heart rate time series, and once validated for different activities, in future, can be easily implemented in applications acquiring data from portable heart rate monitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Zimatore
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, eCampus University, 22060 Novedrate, Italy
- CNR Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (IMM), 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Cassandra Serantoni
- Neuroscience Department, Biophysics Section, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Gallotta
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Guidetti
- Department Unicusano, Niccolò Cusano University, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maulucci
- Neuroscience Department, Biophysics Section, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco De Spirito
- Neuroscience Department, Biophysics Section, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Lin PY, Tsai CT, Hsu CF, Lee YH, Huang HP, Huang CC, Liu LYM, Hsu L, Yang TF, Lin PL. The Autonomic Imbalance of Myocardial Ischemia during Exercise Stress Testing: Insight from Short-Term Heart Rate Variability Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15096. [PMID: 36429812 PMCID: PMC9690482 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Exercise stress testing (EST) has limited power in diagnosing obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). The heart rate variability (HRV) analysis might increase the sensitivity of CAD detection. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between short-term HRV and myocardial ischemia during EST, including the acceleration, maximum, and recovery stages of heart rate (HR). The HRV during EST from 19 healthy (RHC) subjects and 35 patients with CAD (25 patients with insignificant CAD (iCAD), and 10 patients with significant CAD (sCAD)) were compared. As a result, all HRV indices decreased at the maximum stage and no significant differences between iCAD and sCAD were found. The low-frequency power of heart rate signal (LF) of the RHC group recovered relatively quickly from the third to the sixth minutes after maximum HR, compared with that of the sCAD group. The relative changes of most HRV indices between maximum HR and recovery stage were lower in the sCAD group than in the RHC group, especially in LF, the standard deviation of all normal to normal intervals (SDNN), and the standard deviation in the long axis direction of the Poincaré plot analysis (SD2) indices (p < 0.05). The recovery slope of LF was significantly smaller in the sCAD group than in the RHC group (p = 0.02). The result suggests that monitoring short-term HRV during EST provides helpful insight into the cardiovascular autonomic imbalance in patients with significant CAD. The relative change of autonomic tone, especially the delayed sympathetic recovery, could be an additional marker for diagnosing myocardial ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Yen Lin
- Department of Electrophyics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ting Tsai
- Cardiovascular Center, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104217, Taiwan
- Department of Cosmetic Applications and Management, MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei 25245, Taiwan
| | | | - Ying-Hsiang Lee
- Cardiovascular Center, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104217, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan
- Department of Artificial Intelligence and Medical Application, MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei 25245, Taiwan
| | | | - Chun-Che Huang
- Department of Healthcare Administration, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Lawrence Yu-Min Liu
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu 30071, Taiwan
| | - Long Hsu
- Department of Electrophyics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Ten-Fang Yang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Informatics, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Po-Lin Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu 30071, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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Zimatore G, Gallotta MC, Campanella M, Skarzynski PH, Maulucci G, Serantoni C, De Spirito M, Curzi D, Guidetti L, Baldari C, Hatzopoulos S. Detecting Metabolic Thresholds from Nonlinear Analysis of Heart Rate Time Series: A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191912719. [PMID: 36232025 PMCID: PMC9564658 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Heart rate time series are widely used to characterize physiological states and athletic performance. Among the main indicators of metabolic and physiological states, the detection of metabolic thresholds is an important tool in establishing training protocols in both sport and clinical fields. This paper reviews the most common methods, applied to heart rate (HR) time series, aiming to detect metabolic thresholds. These methodologies have been largely used to assess energy metabolism and to identify the appropriate intensity of physical exercise which can reduce body weight and improve physical fitness. Specifically, we focused on the main nonlinear signal evaluation methods using HR to identify metabolic thresholds with the purpose of identifying a method which can represent a useful tool for the real-time settings of wearable devices in sport activities. While the advantages and disadvantages of each method, and the possible applications, are presented, this review confirms that the nonlinear analysis of HR time series represents a solid, robust and noninvasive approach to assess metabolic thresholds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Zimatore
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, eCampus University, 22060 Novedrate, Italy
- IMM-CNR, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.Z.); (G.M.)
| | - Maria Chiara Gallotta
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Matteo Campanella
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, eCampus University, 22060 Novedrate, Italy
| | - Piotr H. Skarzynski
- Department of Teleaudiology and Screening, World Hearing Center, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, 02-042 Warsaw, Poland
- Heart Failure and Cardiac Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 03-042 Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Sensory Organs, 05-830 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Giuseppe Maulucci
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Neuroscience Department, Biophysics Section, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.Z.); (G.M.)
| | - Cassandra Serantoni
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Neuroscience Department, Biophysics Section, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco De Spirito
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Neuroscience Department, Biophysics Section, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Curzi
- Department Unicusano, Niccolò Cusano University, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Guidetti
- Department Unicusano, Niccolò Cusano University, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Baldari
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, eCampus University, 22060 Novedrate, Italy
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Mongin D, Chabert C, Extremera MG, Hue O, Courvoisier DS, Carpena P, Galvan PAB. Decrease of heart rate variability during exercise: An index of cardiorespiratory fitness. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273981. [PMID: 36054204 PMCID: PMC9439241 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study proposes to measure and quantify the heart rate variability (HRV) changes during effort as a function of the heart rate and to test the capacity of the produced indices to predict cardiorespiratory fitness measures. Therefore, the beat-to-beat cardiac time interval series of 18 adolescent athletes (15.2 ± 2.0 years) measured during maximal graded effort test were detrended using a dynamical first-order differential equation model. HRV was then calculated as the standard deviation of the detrended RR intervals (SDRR) within successive windows of one minute. The variation of this measure of HRV during exercise is properly fitted by an exponential decrease of the heart rate: the SDRR is divided by 2 every increase of heart rate of 20 beats/min. The HR increase necessary to divide by 2 the HRV is linearly inversely correlated with the maximum oxygen consumption (r = -0.60, p = 0.006), the maximal aerobic power (r = -0.62, p = 0.006), and, to a lesser extent, to the power at the ventilatory thresholds (r = -0.53, p = 0.02 and r = -0.47, p = 0.05 for the first and second threshold). It indicates that the decrease of the HRV when the heart rate increases is faster among athletes with better fitness. This analysis, based only on cardiac measurements, provides a promising tool for the study of cardiac measurements generated by portable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Mongin
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Clovis Chabert
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France
| | - Manuel Gomez Extremera
- Department of Applied Physics II, E.T.S.I. de Telecomunicación, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Olivier Hue
- ACTES laboratory, UPRES-EA 3596 UFR-STAPS, University of the French West Indies, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Delphine Sophie Courvoisier
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Quality of Care Unit, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Carpena
- Department of Applied Physics II, E.T.S.I. de Telecomunicación, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
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Zimatore G, Cavagnaro M, Skarzynski PH, Hatzopoulos S. Detection of hearing losses (HL) via transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions: towards an automatic classification. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2022; 8. [PMID: 35724632 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ac7a5e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Transiently evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) are routinely used in the hearing assessment of the auditory periphery. The major contribution of TEOAEs is the early detection of hearing losses in neonates, children, and adults. The evaluation of TEOAE responses by specific signal decomposition techniques offers numerous advantages for current and future research. One methodology, based on recurrence quantification analysis (RQA), can identify adult subjects presenting sensorineural hearing impairments. In two previous papers, the RQA-based approach was succesfully applied in identifying and classifying cases presenting noise and age related hearing losses. The current work investigates further two aspects of the previously proposed RQA-based analysis for hearing loss detection: (i) the reliability of a Training set built from different numbers of ears with normal hearing, and (ii) the threshold set of values of the key hearing loss detecting parameter RAD2D. Results: The Training set built from 158 healthy ears was found to be quite reliable and a similar but slightly minor performance was observed for the training set of 118 normal subjects, used in the past; the proposed ROC-curve method, optimizing the values of RAD2D, shows improved sensibility and specificity in one class discrimination. Conclusions: A complete and simplified procedure, based on the combined use of the traditional TEOAE reproducibility value and on values from the RQA-based RAD2D parameter, is proposed as an improved automatic classifier, in terms of sensitivity and specificity, for different types of hearing losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Zimatore
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences Applied Physics, eCampus University, Via Isimbardi 10, Roma, Novedrate, 22060, ITALY
| | - Marta Cavagnaro
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, University of Rome La Sapienza, via Eudossiana 18, Rome, Lazio, 00185, ITALY
| | - Piotr Henryk Skarzynski
- Department of Heart Failure and Cardiac Rehabilitation, Medical University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 61, Warszawa, Mazowieckie, 02-091, POLAND
| | - Stavros Hatzopoulos
- Clinic of Audiology & ENT, University of Ferrara, Via Aldo Moro 8, Ferrara, Ferrara, Emilia-Romagna, 44121, ITALY
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Peric R, Nikolovski Z, Meucci M, Tadger P, Ferri Marini C, Amaro-Gahete FJ. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Association and Differences between Aerobic Threshold and Point of Optimal Fat Oxidation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:6479. [PMID: 35682065 PMCID: PMC9180269 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, scientists have attempted to evaluate whether the point of maximal fat oxidation (FATmax) and the aerobic threshold (AerT) are connected. The existence of such a relationship would allow a more tailored training approach for athletes while improving the efficacy of individualized exercise prescriptions when treating numerous health-related issues. However, studies have reported conflicting results, and this issue remains unresolved. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed: (i) to examine the strength of the association between FATmax and AerT by using the effect size (ES) of correlation coefficient (r) and standardized mean difference (SMD); (ii) to identify potential moderators and their influence on ES variability. This study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021239351) and ClinicalTrials (NCT03789045). PubMed and Google Scholar were searched and fourteen articles, consisting of overall 35 ES for r and 26 ES for SMD were included. Obtained ESs were analyzed using a multilevel random-effects meta-analysis. Our results support the presence of a significant association between FATmax and AerT exercise intensities. In conclusion, due to the large ES variance caused by clinical and methodological differences among the studies, we recommend that future studies follow strict standardization of data collection and analysis of FATmax and AerT-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratko Peric
- Department for Exercise Physiology, Orthopedic Clinic Orthosport, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Zoran Nikolovski
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Marco Meucci
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA;
| | | | - Carlo Ferri Marini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Division of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy;
| | - Francisco José Amaro-Gahete
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18001 Granada, Spain
- PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity” Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18001 Granada, Spain
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10
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Unsupervised Clustering of Heartbeat Dynamics Allows for Real Time and Personalized Improvement in Cardiovascular Fitness. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22113974. [PMID: 35684596 PMCID: PMC9182749 DOI: 10.3390/s22113974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
VO2max index has a significant impact on overall health. Its estimation through wearables notifies the user of his level of fitness but cannot provide a detailed analysis of the time intervals in which heartbeat dynamics are changed and/or fatigue is emerging. Here, we developed a multiple modality biosignal processing method to investigate running sessions to characterize in real time heartbeat dynamics in response to external energy demand. We isolated dynamic regimes whose fraction increases with the VO2max and with the emergence of neuromuscular fatigue. This analysis can be extremely valuable by providing personalized feedback about the user’s fitness level improvement that can be realized by developing personalized exercise plans aimed to target a contextual increase in the dynamic regime fraction related to VO2max increase, at the expense of the dynamic regime fraction related to the emergence of fatigue. These strategies can ultimately result in the reduction in cardiovascular risk.
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11
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Physical Education on the Beach: An Alternative Way to Improve Primary School Children's Skill- and Health-Related Outcomes during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063680. [PMID: 35329366 PMCID: PMC8950047 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 restrictions could preclude children from participating in physical education (PE) interventions. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a PE intervention conducted on the beach on children’s skill- and health-related outcomes, as a possible alternative PE intervention that could be also applied during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study involved 106 primary school children, randomly assigned to the traditional indoor (TI) intervention or to the experimental outdoor (EO) intervention. The intervention period lasted 4 months and consisted of two 1-h sessions per week. Intervention was conducted just before the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Children’s anthropometric parameters (height, weight, BMI, body fat percentage, and abdominal circumference), fitness parameter (VO2peak), health parameters (resting heart rate, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure), gross motor coordination, and physical activity level were assessed before and after intervention. Both groups significantly improved fitness and motor coordination but worsened some anthropometric parameters (weight, abdominal circumference) after the intervention period. The EO group showed a higher increase of gross motor coordination than the TI group. Results of this study demonstrated that children benefited from a well-structured PE intervention conducted in the natural environment of the beach improving physical fitness and gross motor coordination. Therefore, planning outdoor PE interventions could be an alternative and safe way to encourage and implement physical activity at school during the particular period of COVID-19 pandemic.
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