1
|
Minerdi D, Sabbatini P. Impact of Cytochrome P450 Enzyme on Fruit Quality. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7181. [PMID: 39000287 PMCID: PMC11241655 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 enzymes are monooxygenases widely diffused in nature ranging from viruses to man. They can catalyze a very wide range of reactions, including the ketonization of C-H bonds, N/O/S-dealkylation, C-C bond cleavage, N/S-oxidation, hydroxylation, and the epoxidation of C=C bonds. Their versatility makes them valuable across various fields such as medicine, chemistry, and food processing. In this review, we aim to highlight the significant contribution of P450 enzymes to fruit quality, with a specific focus on the ripening process, particularly in grapevines. Grapevines are of particular interest due to their economic importance in the fruit industry and their significance in winemaking. Understanding the role of P450 enzymes in grapevine fruit ripening can provide insights into enhancing grape quality, flavor, and aroma, which are critical factors in determining the market value of grapes and derived products like wine. Moreover, the potential of P450 enzymes extends beyond fruit ripening. They represent promising candidates for engineering crop species that are resilient to both biotic and abiotic stresses. Their involvement in metabolic engineering offers opportunities for enhancing fruit quality attributes, such as taste, nutritional content, and shelf life. Harnessing the capabilities of P450 enzymes in crop improvement holds immense promise for sustainable agriculture and food security.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Minerdi
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Paolo Sabbatini
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Interdepartmental Centre for Grapevines and Wine Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Enotria 2/C, 12051 Alba, CN, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Weerawanich K, Sirikantaramas S. Unveiling phenylpropanoid regulation: the role of DzMYB activator and repressor in durian (Durio zibethinus) fruit. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:179. [PMID: 38913159 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03267-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE DzMYB2 functions as an MYB activator, while DzMYB3 acts as an MYB repressor. They bind to promoters, interact with DzbHLH1, and influence phenolic contents, revealing their roles in phenylpropanoid regulation in durian pulps. Durian fruit has a high nutritional value attributed to its enriched bioactive compounds, including phenolics, carotenoids, and vitamins. While various transcription factors (TFs) regulate phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, MYB (v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog) TFs have emerged as pivotal players in regulating key genes within this pathway. This study aimed to identify additional candidate MYB TFs from the transcriptome database of the Monthong cultivar at five developmental/postharvest ripening stages. Candidate transcriptional activators were discerned among MYBs upregulated during the ripe stage based on the positive correlation observed between flavonoid biosynthetic genes and flavonoid contents in ripe durian pulps. Conversely, MYBs downregulated during the ripe stage were considered candidate repressors. This study focused on a candidate MYB activator (DzMYB2) and a candidate MYB repressor (DzMYB3) for functional characterization. LC-MS/MS analysis using Nicotiana benthamiana leaves transiently expressing DzMYB2 revealed increased phenolic compound contents compared with those in leaves expressing green fluorescence protein controls, while those transiently expressing DzMYB3 showed decreased phenolic compound contents. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that DzMYB2 controls phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in durian by regulating the promoters of various biosynthetic genes, including phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), chalcone synthase (CHS), chalcone isomerase (CHI), and dihydroflavonol reductase (DFR). Meanwhile, DzMYB3 regulates the promoters of PAL, 4-coumaroyl-CoA ligase (4CL), CHS, and CHI, resulting in the activation and repression of gene expression. Moreover, it was discovered that DzMYB2 and DzMYB3 could bind to another TF, DzbHLH1, in the regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis. These findings enhance our understanding of the pivotal role of MYB proteins in regulating the phenylpropanoid pathway in durian pulps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamonwan Weerawanich
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Crop, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Supaart Sirikantaramas
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Crop, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Omics Sciences and Bioinformatics Center, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chi F, Zhao S, Yang L, Yang X, Zhao X, Zhao R, Zhu L, Zhan J. Unveiling behaviors of 8:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid (8:2 FTSA) in Arabidopsis thaliana: Bioaccumulation, biotransformation and molecular mechanisms of phytotoxicity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:172165. [PMID: 38575024 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
8:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid (8:2 FTSA) has been commonly detected in the environment, but its behaviors in plants are not sufficiently known. Here, the regular and multi-omics analyses were used to comprehensively investigate the bioaccumulation, biotransformation, and toxicity of 8:2 FTSA in Arabidopsis thaliana. Our results demonstrated that 8:2 FTSA was taken up by A. thaliana roots and translocated to leaves, stems, flowers, and seeds. 8:2 FTSA could be successfully biotransformed to several intermediates and stable perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) catalyzed by plant enzymes. The plant revealed significant growth inhibition and oxidative damage under 8:2 FTSA exposure. Metabolomics analysis showed that 8:2 FTSA affected the porphyrin and secondary metabolisms, resulting in the promotion of plant photosynthesis and antioxidant capacity. Transcriptomic analysis indicated that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were related to transformation and transport processes. Integrative transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis revealed that DEGs and differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) in plants were predominantly enriched in the carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and lipid metabolism pathways, resulting in greater energy consumption, generation of more nonenzymatic antioxidants, alteration of the cellular membrane composition, and inhibition of plant development. This study provides the first insights into the molecular mechanisms of 8:2 FTSA stress response in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fanghui Chi
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Ocean and Life Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, Liaoning 124221, PR China
| | - Shuyan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Ocean and Life Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, Liaoning 124221, PR China.
| | - Liping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Xiaojing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Ocean and Life Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, Liaoning 124221, PR China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Ocean and Life Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, Liaoning 124221, PR China
| | - Ran Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Ocean and Life Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, Liaoning 124221, PR China
| | - Lingyan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Jingjing Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Ocean and Life Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, Liaoning 124221, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tantisuwanichkul K, Sirikantaramas S. Genome-wide analysis of carotenoid cleavage oxygenases and identification of ripening-associated DzNCED5a in durian (Durio zibethinus) fruit. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108253. [PMID: 38086212 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Durian (Durio zibethinus L.), popularly known as the "King of fruits," holds significant economic importance in Southeast Asia, including Thailand. During its ripening process, the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) content has been reported to increase. However, a comprehensive understanding of ABA's specific role in durian fruit ripening remains elusive. Furthermore, little is known about the molecular aspects of the carotenoid cleavage pathway in this iconic fruit. Therefore, we performed genome-wide identification of the carotenoid cleavage oxygenase (CCO) family in durian. This family includes the nine-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenases (NCEDs) responsible for ABA production and the carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases exhibiting diverse substrate specificities. Through phylogenetic analysis, we classified 14 CCOs in durian into 8 distinct subfamilies. Notably, each DzCCO subfamily displayed a conserved motif composition. Cis-acting element prediction showed that cis-elements related to plant hormones and environmental stress responses were distributed in the DzCCO promoter. In addition, transcriptome analysis was performed to examine the expression pattern during the fruit development and ripening stages. Interestingly, DzNCED5a, a ripening-associated gene, exhibited the highest expression level at the ripe stage, outperforming other CCOs. Its expression markedly correlated with increased ABA contents during the ripening stages of both the "Monthong" variety and other durian cultivars. Transiently expressed DzNCED5a in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves confirmed its function in ABA biosynthesis. These findings highlight the involvement of DzNCED5a in ABA production and its potential importance in durian fruit ripening. Overall, this study provides insights into the significance of CCOs in durian fruit ripening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kittiya Tantisuwanichkul
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Crop, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supaart Sirikantaramas
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Crop, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Omics Sciences and Bioinformatics Center, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
ggmotif: An R Package for the extraction and visualization of motifs from MEME software. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276979. [PMID: 36327240 PMCID: PMC9632824 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
MEME (Multiple Em for Motif Elicitation) is the most commonly used tool to identify motifs within deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or protein sequences. However, the results generated by the MEMEare saved using file formats .xml and .txt, which are difficult to read, visualize, or integrate with other widely used phylogenetic tree packages, such as ggtree. To overcome this problem, we developed the ggmotif R package, which provides two easy-to-use functions that can facilitate the extraction and visualization of motifs from the results files generated by the MEME. ggmotif can extract the information of the location of motif(s) on the corresponding sequence(s) from the .xml format file and visualize it. Additionally, the data extracted by ggmotif can be easily integrated with the phylogenetic data. On the other hand, ggmotif can obtain the sequence of each motif from the .txt format file and draw the sequence logo with the function ggseqlogo from the ggseqlogo R package. The ggmotif R package is freely available (including examples and vignettes) from GitHub at https://github.com/lixiang117423/ggmotif or from CRAN at https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=ggmotif.
Collapse
|
6
|
Insights into the Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenase Superfamily in Osmanthus fragrans and the Role of OfCYP142 in Linalool Synthesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012150. [PMID: 36293004 PMCID: PMC9602793 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osmanthus fragrans flowers have long been used as raw materials in food, tea, beverage, and perfume industries due to their attractive and strong fragrance. The P450 superfamily proteins have been reported to widely participate in the synthesis of plant floral volatile organic compounds (VOCs). To investigate the potential functions of P450 superfamily proteins in the fragrance synthesis of O. fragrans, we investigated the P450 superfamily genome wide. A total of 276 P450 genes were identified belonging to 40 families. The RNA-seq data suggested that many OfCYP genes were preferentially expressed in the flower or other organs, and some were also induced by multiple abiotic stresses. The expression patterns of seven flower-preferentially expressed OfCYPs during the five different flower aroma content stages were further explored using quantitative real-time PCR, showing that the CYP94C subfamily member OfCYP142 had the highest positive correlation with linalool synthesis gene OfTPS2. The transient expression of OfCYP142 in O. fragrans petals suggested that OfCYP142 can increase the content of linalool, an important VOC of the O. fragrans floral aroma, and a similar result was also obtained in flowers of OfCYP142 transgenic tobacco. Combined with RNA-seq data of the transiently transformed O. fragrans petals, we found that the biosynthesis pathway of secondary metabolites was significantly enriched, and many 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway genes were also upregulated. This evidence indicated that the OfCYP proteins may play critical roles in the flower development and abiotic response of O. fragrans, and that OfCYP142 can participate in linalool synthesis. This study provides valuable information about the functions of P450 genes and a valuable guide for studying further functions of OfCYPs in promoting fragrance biosynthesis of ornamental plants.
Collapse
|