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Hamidi F, Taghipour N. miRNA, New Perspective to World of Intestinal Protozoa and Toxoplasma. Acta Parasitol 2024:10.1007/s11686-024-00888-x. [PMID: 39158784 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-024-00888-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND miRNAs are known as non-coding RNAs that can regulate gene expression. They are reported in many microorganisms and their host cells. Parasite infection can change or shift host miRNAs expression, which can aim at both parasite eradication and infection. PURPOSE This study dealt with examination of miRNA expressed in intestinal protozoan, coccidia , as well as profile changes in host cell miRNA after parasitic infection and their role in protozoan clearance/ survival. METHODS The authors searched ISI Web of Sciences, Pubmed, Scholar, Scopus, another databases and articles published up to 2024 were included. The keywords of miRNA, intestinal protozoa, toxoplasma and some words associated with topics were used in this search. RESULTS Transfection of miRNA mimics or inhibitors can control parasitic diseases, and be introduced as a new therapeutic option in parasitology. CONCLUSION This review can be used to provide up-to date knowledge for future research on these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Hamidi
- Department of Laboratory Sciences and Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tabriz Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Niloofar Taghipour
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Li J, Feng R, Zhang X, Hou W, Zhang Y, Li J, Li X, Jian F, Zhang L, Zhang S, Wang R. miR-181d targets BCL2 to regulate HCT-8 cell apoptosis and parasite burden in response to Cryptosporidium parvum infection via the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. Vet Parasitol 2024; 330:110237. [PMID: 38878462 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Cryptosporidium parvum is an important zoonotic pathogen that is studied worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) act as post-transcriptional regulators and may play a key role in modulating host epithelial responses following Cryptosporidium infection. Our previous study has shown that C. parvum downregulates the expression of miR-181d through the p50-dependent TLRs/NF-κB pathway. However, the mechanism by which miR-181d regulates host cells in response to C. parvum infection remains unclear. The present study found that miR-181d downregulation inhibited cell apoptosis and increased parasite burden in HCT-8 cells after C. parvum infection. Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assays have shown that BCL2 was a target gene for miR-181d. Moreover, BCL2 overexpression and miR-181d downregulation had similar results. To further investigate the mechanism by which miR-181d regulated HCT-8 cell apoptosis during C. parvum infection, the expression of molecules involved in the intrinsic apoptosis pathway was detected. Bax, caspase-9, and caspase-3 expression was decreased at 4, 8, 12, and 24 hpi and upregulated at 36 and 48 hpi. Interfering with the expression of miR-181d or BCL2 significantly affected the expression of molecules in the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. These data indicated that miR-181d targeted BCL2 to regulate HCT-8 cell apoptosis and parasite burden in response to C. parvum infection via the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. These results allowed us to further understand the regulatory mechanisms of host miRNAs during Cryptosporidium infection, and provided a theoretical foundation for the design and development of anti-cryptosporidiosis drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanfeng Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ruiying Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiaotian Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Wenyan Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Junqiang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Fuchun Jian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Longxian Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Sumei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Rongjun Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
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Wu S, Shao T, Xie J, Li J, Sun L, Zhang Y, Zhao L, Wang L, Li X, Zhang L, Wang R. MiR-199a-3p regulates HCT-8 cell autophagy and apoptosis in response to Cryptosporidium parvum infection by targeting MTOR. Commun Biol 2024; 7:924. [PMID: 39085368 PMCID: PMC11291649 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06632-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The microRNAs (miRNAs) of their hosts play an important role in regulating both the innate and adaptive immune responses to Cryptosporidium parvum infection. The mechanisms of autophagy and apoptosis are important components of the defense system against C. parvum infection. In this study, we investigate the role of miRNA-199a-3p in regulating MTOR-mediated autophagy and apoptosis in HCT-8 cells induced by C. parvum. The expression of miR-199a-3p increased at 3, 6 and 12 hours postinfection (hpi) but decreased at 24 and 48 hpi. The upregulation of miR-199a-3p promoted autophagy and apoptosis and limited the parasite burden in HCT-8 cells after C. parvum infection. The downregulation of miR-199a-3p inhibited the autophagy and apoptosis induced by C. parvum and enhanced the parasite burden in HCT-8 cells. A luciferase reporter showed that MTOR was a target gene of miR-199a-3p. Suppressed expression of MTOR by small interfering RNA (siRNA) promoted autophagy and apoptosis and limited C. parvum burden in HCT-8 cells. Co-transfection with miR-199a-3p inhibitor or si-mTOR revealed that miR-199a-3p regulates autophagy and apoptosis in HCT-8 cells through MTOR, to resist C. parvum infection. In conclusion, intestinal epithelial cells defend against C. parvum infection by regulating their autophagy and apoptosis through the miR-199a-3p-MTOR axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanbo Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Tianren Shao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Jingjing Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Juanfeng Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Lulu Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yafang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Lijie Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Luyang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Longxian Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Rongjun Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
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Yao Q, Fan YY, Huang S, Hu GR, Song JK, Yang X, Zhao GH. MiR-4521 affects the propagation of Cryptosporidium parvum in HCT-8 cells through targeting foxm1 by regulating cell apoptosis. Acta Trop 2024; 249:107057. [PMID: 37913972 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.107057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Cryptosporidium parvum could regulate the expression of microRNAs of epithelial cells to facilitate its intracellular propagation. MiR-4521 has been reported to play an important role during the development and progression of tumors and infectious diseases by regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy. However, the implication of miR-4521 during C. parvum infection was still unknown. In this study, the expression of miR-4521 was found to be upregulated in HCT-8 cells infected with C. parvum from 8 h post-infection (pi) to 48 hpi, and its upregulation would be related with the TLR/NF-κB signal pathway during C. parvum infection. One potential target of miR-4521, foxm1, was down-regulated in HCT-8 cells from 24 hpi to 48 hpi, and the expression of foxm1 was negatively regulated by miR-4521. The target relationship between miR-4521 and foxm1 was further validated by using dual luciferase reporter assay. Further studies showed that miR-4521 promoted the propagation of C. parvum in HCT-8 cells through targeting foxm1 by regulating BCL2-mediating cell apoptosis. These results contribute to further understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of host miRNAs during Cryptosporidium infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Ying-Ying Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Shuang Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Gui-Rong Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jun-Ke Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xin Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Guang-Hui Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Engineering Research Center of Efficient New Vaccines for Animals, Ministry of Education, Yangling 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, China; Engineering Research Center of Efficient New Vaccines for Animals, Universities of Shaanxi Province, Yangling 712100, China.
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Zouei N, Dalimi A, Pirestani M, Ghaffarifar F. Assessment of tissue levels of miR-146a and proinflammatory cytokines in experimental cerebral toxoplasmosis following atovaquone and clindamycin treatment: An in vivo study. Microb Pathog 2023; 184:106340. [PMID: 37683834 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite recent advances for treating cerebral toxoplasmosis (CT), monitoring the parasite burden and treatment response is still challenging. miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs with regulatory functions that can be used in diagnosis and treatment monitoring. We investigated the changes in miR-146a, BAG-1 gene, IL-6, and IL-10 tissue levels in the brain of BALB/c mice with chronic CT caused by the PRU strain of T. gondii following anti-parasitic and antibiotic treatment. METHOD Fifty-three 6-to 8-week-old BALB/c mice were infected using intraperitoneal inoculation of cerebral cysts of T. gondii PRU strain and then divided into five groups as follows: group 1 included mice treated with 100 mg/kg/d Atovaquone (AT), group 2 included mice treated with 400 mg/kg/d clindamycin (CL), group 3 included mice treated with combination therapy (AT + CL), group 4 included infected untreated mice as a positive control (PC), and; group 5 included uninfected untreated mice as negative control (NC). After the completion of the treatment course, tissue level of mir-146a, miR-155, BAG-1 gene, IL-6, and IL-10 was investigated with real-time polymerase chain reaction. The IL-6/IL-10 ratio was calculated as an indicator of immune response. Moreover, brain cyst numbers were counted on autopsy samples. RESULTS miR-146a, IL-6, IL-10, and BAG-1 genes were expressed in PC, but not in the NC group; miR-146a, IL-6, IL-10, and BAG-1 gene expression were significantly lower in AT, CL, and AT + CL compared with PC. MiR-146a and BAG-1 levels in AT and CL were not different statistically, however, they both had lower levels compared to AT + CL (P < 0.01). There was no difference in the expression of IL-6 and IL-10 between treatment groups. BAG-1 expression was significantly lower in AT, than in CL and AT + CL (P < 0.0089 and < 0.002, respectively). The PC group showed a higher ratio of IL-6/IL-10, although this increase was not statistically significant. It is noteworthy that the treatment with AT reduced this ratio; in the inter-group comparison, this ratio showed a decrease in the AT and AT + CL compared to the PC. The number of brain tissue cysts was significantly lower in AT, CL, and AT + CL, than in PC (p < 0.0001). AT had significantly lower brain cysts than CL and AT + CL (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION It seems that the factors studied in the current research (microRNA and cytokines) are a suitable index for evaluating the response to antiparasitic and antibiotic treatment. However, more studies should be conducted in the future to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Zouei
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolhossein Dalimi
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Majid Pirestani
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ghaffarifar
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Chang Y, Li S, Wang L, Wang K, Li J, Li X, Jian F, Wang R, Zhang S, Zhang L. Micro-RNA expression profile of BALB/c mouse glandular stomach in the early phase of Cryptosporidium muris infection. Exp Parasitol 2023; 253:108603. [PMID: 37633513 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2023.108603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Cryptosporidiosis is a zoonotic disease in humans and animals that is caused by infection with the oocysts of Cryptosporidium. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important players in regulating the innate immune response against parasitic infection. Public miRNAs data for studying pathogenic mechanisms of cryptosporidiosis, particularly in natural hosts, are scarce. Here, we compared miRNA profiles of the glandular stomach of C. muris-infected and uninfected BALB/c mice using microarray sequencing. A total of 10 miRNAs (including 3 upregulated and 7 downregulated miRNAs) with significant differential expression (|FC| ≥ 2 and P value < 0.05) were identified in the glandular stomach of BALB/c mice 8 h after infection with C. muris. MiRWalk and miRDB online bioinformatics tools were used to predict the target genes of differentially expressed miRNAs. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed to annotate the target genes. GO analysis indicate that gene transcription-related and ion transport-related GO terms were significantly enriched. In addition, the KEGG analyses showed that the target genes were strongly related to diverse types of tumor disease progression and anti-pathogen immunity pathways. In the current study, we firstly report changes in miRNA expression profiles in the glandular stomach of BALB/c mice at the early phase of C. muris invasion. This dysregulation in miRNA expression may contribute to our understanding of cryptosporidiosis pathology. This study provides a new perspective on the miRNA regulatory mechanisms of cryptosporidiosis, which may help in the development of effective control strategies against this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yankai Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products (Zhengzhou), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China.
| | - Songrui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products (Zhengzhou), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China.
| | - Luyang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products (Zhengzhou), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China.
| | - Ke Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products (Zhengzhou), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China.
| | - Junqiang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products (Zhengzhou), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China.
| | - Xiaoying Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products (Zhengzhou), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China.
| | - Fuchun Jian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products (Zhengzhou), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China.
| | - Rongjun Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products (Zhengzhou), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China.
| | - Sumei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products (Zhengzhou), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China.
| | - Longxian Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products (Zhengzhou), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China.
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Mirzaei R, Karampoor S, Korotkova NL. The emerging role of miRNA-122 in infectious diseases: Mechanisms and potential biomarkers. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 249:154725. [PMID: 37544130 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNA molecules that play crucial regulatory roles in numerous cellular processes. Recent investigations have highlighted the significant involvement of miRNA-122 (miR-122) in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases caused by diverse pathogens, encompassing viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections. In the context of viral infections, miR-122 exerts regulatory control over viral replication by binding to the viral genome and modulating the host's antiviral response. For instance, in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, miR-122 restricts viral replication, while HBV, in turn, suppresses miR-122 expression. Conversely, miR-122 interacts with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome, facilitating viral replication. Regarding bacterial infections, miR-122 has been found to regulate host immune responses by influencing inflammatory cytokine production and phagocytosis. In Vibrio anguillarum infections, there is a significant reduction in miR-122 expression, contributing to the pathophysiology of bacterial infections. Toll-like receptor 14 (TLR14) has been identified as a novel target gene of miR-122, affecting inflammatory and immune responses. In the context of parasitic infections, miR-122 plays a crucial role in regulating host lipid metabolism and immune responses. For example, during Leishmania infection, miR-122-containing extracellular vesicles from liver cells are unable to enter infected macrophages, leading to a suppression of the inflammatory response. Furthermore, miR-122 exhibits promise as a potential biomarker for various infectious diseases. Its expression level in body fluids, particularly in serum and plasma, correlates with disease severity and treatment response in patients affected by HCV, HBV, and tuberculosis. This paper also discusses the potential of miR-122 as a biomarker in infectious diseases. In summary, this review provides a comprehensive and insightful overview of the emerging role of miR-122 in infectious diseases, detailing its mechanism of action and potential implications for the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasoul Mirzaei
- Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Karampoor
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nadezhda Lenoktovna Korotkova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Russia; Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Privolzhsky Research Medical University" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (FSBEI HE PRMU MOH Russia), Russia
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8
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Li J, Sun L, Xie F, Shao T, Wu S, Li X, Zhang L, Wang R. MiR-3976 regulates HCT-8 cell apoptosis and parasite burden by targeting BCL2A1 in response to Cryptosporidium parvum infection. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:221. [PMID: 37415254 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05826-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cryptosporidium is second only to rotavirus as a cause of moderate-to-severe diarrhea in young children. There are currently no fully effective drug treatments or vaccines for cryptosporidiosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in regulating the innate immune response to Cryptosporidium parvum infection. In this study, we investigated the role and mechanism of miR-3976 in regulating HCT-8 cell apoptosis induced by C. parvum infection. METHODS Expression levels of miR-3976 and C. parvum burden were estimated using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. The interaction between miR-3976 and B-cell lymphoma 2-related protein A1 (BCL2A1) was studied by luciferase reporter assay, RT-qPCR, and western blotting. RESULTS Expression levels of miR-3976 were decreased at 8 and 12 h post-infection (hpi) but increased at 24 and 48 hpi. Upregulation of miR-3976 promoted cell apoptosis and inhibited the parasite burden in HCT-8 cells after C. parvum infection. Luciferase reporter assay indicated that BCL2A1 was a target gene of miR-3976. Co-transfection with miR-3976 and a BCL2A1 overexpression vector revealed that miR-3976 targeted BCL2A1 and suppressed cell apoptosis and promoted the parasite burden in HCT-8 cells. CONCLUSIONS The present data indicated that miR-3976 regulated cell apoptosis and parasite burden in HCT-8 cells by targeting BCL2A1 following C. parvum infection. Future study should determine the role of miR-3976 in hosts' anti-C. parvum immunity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanfeng Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Lulu Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Fujie Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Tianren Shao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Shanbo Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Longxian Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Rongjun Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
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Graham ML, Li M, Gong AY, Deng S, Jin K, Wang S, Chen XM. Cryptosporidium parvum hijacks a host's long noncoding RNA U90926 to evade intestinal epithelial cell-autonomous antiparasitic defense. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1205468. [PMID: 37346046 PMCID: PMC10280636 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1205468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryptosporidium is a zoonotic apicomplexan parasite that infects the gastrointestinal epithelium and other mucosal surfaces in humans. It is an important opportunistic pathogen in AIDS patients and a leading cause of infectious diarrhea and diarrheal-related death in children worldwide. The intestinal epithelial cells provide the first line of defense against Cryptosporidium infection and play a central role in activating and regulating the host's antiparasitic response. Increasing evidence suggests that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in host-pathogen interactions and play a regulatory role in the pathogenesis of diseases but the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. We previously identified a panel of host lncRNAs that are upregulated in murine intestinal epithelial cells following Cryptosporidium infection, including U90926. We demonstrate here that U90926 is acting in a pro-parasitic manner in regulating intestinal epithelial cell-autonomous antiparasitic defense. Inhibition of U90926 resulted in a decreased infection burden of the parasite while overexpression of U90926 showed an increase in infection burden in cultured murine intestinal epithelial cells. Induction of U90926 suppressed transcription of epithelial defense genes involved in controlling Cryptosporidium infection through epigenetic mechanisms. Specifically, transcription of Aebp1, which encodes the Aebp1 protein, a potent modulator of inflammation and NF-κB signaling, was suppressed by U90926. Gain- or loss-of-function of Aebp1 in the host's epithelial cells caused reciprocal alterations in the infection burden of the parasite. Interestingly, Cryptosporidium carries the Cryptosporidium virus 1 (CSpV1), a double-stranded (ds) RNA virus coding two dsRNA fragments, CSpV1-dsRdRp and CSpV1-dsCA. Both CSpV1-dsRdRp and CSpV1-dsCA can be delivered into infected cells as previously reported. We found that cells transfected with in vitro transcribed CSpV1-dsCA or CSpV1-dsRdRp displayed an increased level of U90926, suggesting that CSpV1 is involved in the upregulation of U90926 during Cryptosporidium infection. Our study highlights a new strategy by Cryptosporidium to hijack a host lncRNA to suppress epithelial cell-autonomous antiparasitic defense and allow for a robust infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion L. Graham
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Min Li
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Ai-Yu Gong
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Silu Deng
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Kehua Jin
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, China
| | - Shuhong Wang
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Xian-Ming Chen
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
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Brandão YDO, Molento MB. A Systematic Review of Apicomplexa Looking into Epigenetic Pathways and the Opportunity for Novel Therapies. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12020299. [PMID: 36839571 PMCID: PMC9963874 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12020299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Interest in host epigenetic changes during apicomplexan infections increased in the last decade, mainly due to the emergence of new therapies directed to these alterations. This review aims to carry out a bibliometric analysis of the publications related to host epigenetic changes during apicomplexan infections and to summarize the main studied pathways in this context, pointing out those that represent putative drug targets. We used four databases for the article search. After screening, 116 studies were included. The bibliometric analysis revealed that the USA and China had the highest number of relevant publications. The evaluation of the selected studies revealed that Toxoplasma gondii was considered in most of the studies, non-coding RNA was the most frequently reported epigenetic event, and host defense was the most explored pathway. These findings were reinforced by an analysis of the co-occurrence of keywords. Even though we present putative targets for repurposing epidrugs and ncRNA-based drugs in apicomplexan infections, we understand that more detailed knowledge of the hosts' epigenetic pathways is still needed before establishing a definitive drug target.
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Emerging Role of MicroRNA-30c in Neurological Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010037. [PMID: 36613480 PMCID: PMC9819962 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate the expression of target genes by interacting with 3' untranslated regions of target mRNAs to induce mRNA degradation and translational repression. The miR-30 family members are involved in the development of many tissues and organs and participate in the pathogenesis of human diseases. As a key member of the miR-30 family, miR-30c has been implicated in neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and stroke. Mechanistically, miR-30c may act as a multi-functional regulator of different pathogenic processes such as autophagy, apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation, oxidative stress, thrombosis, and neurovascular function, thereby contributing to different disease states. Here, we review and discuss the biogenesis, gene regulation, and the role and mechanisms of action of miR-30c in several neurological disorders and therapeutic potential in clinics.
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Zhao Y, Jaber VR, Pogue AI, Sharfman NM, Taylor C, Lukiw WJ. Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) as Potent Neurotoxic Glycolipids in Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012671. [PMID: 36293528 PMCID: PMC9604166 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) are microbiome-derived glycolipids that are among the most potent pro-inflammatory neurotoxins known. In Homo sapiens, the major sources of LPSs are gastrointestinal (GI)-tract-resident facultative anaerobic Gram-negative bacilli, including Bacteroides fragilis and Escherichia coli. LPSs have been abundantly detected in aged human brain by multiple independent research investigators, and an increased abundance of LPSs around and within Alzheimer's disease (AD)-affected neurons has been found. Microbiome-generated LPSs and other endotoxins cross GI-tract biophysiological barriers into the systemic circulation and across the blood-brain barrier into the brain, a pathological process that increases during aging and in vascular disorders, including 'leaky gut syndrome'. Further evidence indicates that LPSs up-regulate pro-inflammatory transcription factor complex NF-kB (p50/p65) and subsequently a set of NF-kB-sensitive microRNAs, including miRNA-30b, miRNA-34a, miRNA-146a and miRNA-155. These up-regulated miRNAs in turn down-regulate a family of neurodegeneration-associated messenger RNA (mRNA) targets, including the mRNA encoding the neuron-specific neurofilament light (NF-L) chain protein. While NF-L has been reported to be up-regulated in peripheral biofluids in AD and other progressive and lethal pro-inflammatory neurodegenerative disorders, NF-L is significantly down-regulated within neocortical neurons, and this may account for neuronal atrophy, loss of axonal caliber and alterations in neuronal cell shape, modified synaptic architecture and network deficits in neuronal signaling capacity. This paper reviews and reveals the most current findings on the neurotoxic aspects of LPSs and how these pro-inflammatory glycolipids contribute to the biological mechanism of progressive, age-related and ultimately lethal neurodegenerative disorders. This recently discovered gut-microbiota-derived LPS-NF-kB-miRNA-30b-NF-L pathological signaling network: (i) underscores a direct positive pathological link between the LPSs of GI-tract microbes and the inflammatory neuropathology, disordered cytoskeleton, and disrupted synaptic-signaling of the AD brain and stressed human brain cells in primary culture; and (ii) is the first example of a microbiome-derived neurotoxic glycolipid having significant detrimental miRNA-mediated actions on the expression of NF-L, an abundant filamentous protein known to be important in the maintenance of neuronal and synaptic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhai Zhao
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, LSU Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Vivian R. Jaber
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | | | - Nathan M. Sharfman
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Christopher Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Parasitology, LSU Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Walter J. Lukiw
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Alchem Biotech Research, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology, LSU Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Correspondence:
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Tao DL, Zhao SS, Chen JM, Chen X, Yang X, Song JK, Liu Q, Zhao GH. Neospora caninum infection induced mitochondrial dysfunction in caprine endometrial epithelial cells via downregulating SIRT1. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:274. [PMID: 35915458 PMCID: PMC9344697 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05406-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Infection of Neospora caninum, an important obligate intracellular protozoan parasite, causes reproductive dysfunctions (e.g. abortions) in ruminants (e.g. cattle, sheep and goats), leading to serious economic losses of livestock worldwide, but the pathogenic mechanisms of N. caninum are poorly understood. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been reported to be closely associated with pathogenesis of many infectious diseases. However, the effect of N. caninum infection on the mitochondrial function of hosts remains unclear. Methods The effects of N. caninum infection on mitochondrial dysfunction in caprine endometrial epithelial cells (EECs), including intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) contents, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy numbers and ultrastructure of mitochondria, were studied by using JC-1, DCFH-DA, ATP assay kits, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and transmission electron microscopy, respectively, and the regulatory roles of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) on mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy and N. caninum propagation in caprine EECs were investigated by using two drugs, namely resveratrol (an activator of SIRT1) and Ex 527 (an inhibitor of SIRT1). Results The current study found that N. caninum infection induced mitochondrial dysfunction of caprine EECs, including accumulation of intracellular ROS, significant reductions of MMP, ATP contents, mtDNA copy numbers and damaged ultrastructure of mitochondria. Downregulated expression of SIRT1 was also detected in caprine EECs infected with N. caninum. Treatments using resveratrol and Ex 527 to caprine EECs showed that dysregulation of SIRT1 significantly reversed mitochondrial dysfunction of cells caused by N. caninum infection. Furthermore, using resveratrol and Ex 527, SIRT1 expression was found to be negatively associated with autophagy induced by N. caninum infection in caprine EECs, and the intracellular propagation of N. caninum tachyzoites in caprine EECs was negatively affected by SIRT1 expression. Conclusions These results indicated that N. caninum infection induced mitochondrial dysfunction by downregulating SIRT1, and downregulation of SIRT1 promoted cell autophagy and intracellular proliferation of N. caninum tachyzoites in caprine EECs. The findings suggested a potential role of SIRT1 as a target to develop control strategies against N. caninum infection. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-022-05406-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Liang Tao
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Shan-Shan Zhao
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Jin-Ming Chen
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Jun-Ke Song
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Qun Liu
- National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Guang-Hui Zhao
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
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Pogue AI, Jaber VR, Sharfman NM, Zhao Y, Lukiw WJ. Downregulation of Neurofilament Light Chain Expression in Human Neuronal-Glial Cell Co-Cultures by a Microbiome-Derived Lipopolysaccharide-Induced miRNA-30b-5p. Front Neurol 2022; 13:900048. [PMID: 35812116 PMCID: PMC9263091 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.900048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbiome-derived Gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been shown by multiple laboratories to reside within Alzheimer's disease (AD)-affected neocortical and hippocampal neurons. LPS and other pro-inflammatory stressors strongly induce a defined set of NF-kB (p50/p65)-sensitive human microRNAs, including a brain-enriched Homo sapien microRNA-30b-5p (hsa-miRNA-30b-5p; miRNA-30b). Here we provide evidence that this neuropathology-associated miRNA, known to be upregulated in AD brain and LPS-stressed human neuronal-glial (HNG) cells in primary culture targets the neurofilament light (NF-L) chain mRNA 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR), which is conducive to the post-transcriptional downregulation of NF-L expression observed within both AD and LPS-treated HNG cells. A deficiency of NF-L is associated with consequent atrophy of the neuronal cytoskeleton and the disruption of synaptic organization. Interestingly, miRNA-30b has previously been shown to be highly expressed in amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide-treated animal and cell models, and Aβ peptides promote LPS entry into neurons. Increased miRNA-30b expression induces neuronal injury, neuron loss, neuronal inflammation, impairment of synaptic transmission, and synaptic failure in neurodegenerative disease and transgenic murine models. This gut microbiota-derived LPS-NF-kB-miRNA-30b-NF-L pathological signaling network: (i) underscores a positive pathological link between the LPS of gastrointestinal (GI)-tract microbes and the inflammatory neuropathology, disordered cytoskeleton, and disrupted synaptic signaling of the AD brain and stressed brain cells; and (ii) is the first example of a microbiome-derived neurotoxic glycolipid having significant detrimental miRNA-30b-mediated actions on the expression of NF-L, an abundant neuron-specific filament protein known to be important in the maintenance of neuronal cell shape, axonal caliber, and synaptic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vivian R. Jaber
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Nathan M. Sharfman
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Yuhai Zhao
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Walter J. Lukiw
- Alchem Biotech Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Department Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
- *Correspondence: Walter J. Lukiw
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Feng R, Niu Z, Zhang X, Hou W, Zhang Y, Jian F, Ning C, Zhang L, Zhang S, Wang R. Cryptosporidium parvum downregulates miR-181d in HCT-8 cells via the p50-dependent TLRs/NF-κB pathway. Vet Parasitol 2022; 305:109710. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2022.109710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Certad G. Is Cryptosporidium a hijacker able to drive cancer cell proliferation? Food Waterborne Parasitol 2022; 27:e00153. [PMID: 35498550 PMCID: PMC9044164 DOI: 10.1016/j.fawpar.2022.e00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiological mechanisms of Cryptosporidium infection are multifactorial and not completely understood. Some advances achieved recently revealed that the infection by Cryptosporidium parvum induces cytoskeleton remodeling and actin reorganization through the implication of several intracellular signals involving, for example, PI3K, Src, Cdc42 and GTPases. It has also been reported that the infection by C. parvum leads to the activation of NF-κβ, known to induce anti-apoptotic mechanisms and to transmit oncogenic signals to epithelial cells. Despite the growing evidence about the hijacking of cellular pathways, potentially being involved in cancer onset, this information has rarely been linked to the tumorigenic potential of the parasite. However, several evidences support an association between Cryptosporidium infection and the development of digestive neoplasia. To explore the dynamics of Cryptosporidium infection, an animal model of cryptosporidiosis using corticoid dexamethasone-treated adult SCID (severe combined immunodeficiency) mice, orally infected with C. parvum or Cryptosporidium muris oocysts was implemented. C. parvum-infected animals developed digestive adenocarcinoma. When mechanisms involved in this neoplastic process were explored, the pivotal role of the Wnt pathway together with the alteration of the cytoskeleton was confirmed. Recently, a microarray assay allowed the detection of cancer-promoting genes and pathways highly up regulated in the group of C. parvum infected animals when compared to non-infected controls. Moreover, different human cases/control studies reported significant higher prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection among patients with recently diagnosed colon cancer before any treatment when compared to the control group (patients without colon neoplasia but with persistent digestive symptoms). These results suggest that Cryptosporidium is a potential oncogenic agent involved in cancer development beyond the usual suspects. If Cryptosporidium is able to hijack signal transduction, then is very likely that this contributes to transformation of its host cell. More research in the field is required in order to identify mechanisms and molecular factors involved in this process and to develop effective treatment interventions.
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Therapeutic Role of miR-30a in Lipoteichoic Acid-Induced Endometritis via Targeting the MyD88/Nox2/ROS Signaling. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2021:5042048. [PMID: 35003515 PMCID: PMC8741357 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5042048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), a notorious pathogenic bacterium prevalent in the environment, causes a wide range of inflammatory diseases such as endometritis. Endometritis is an inflammatory disease in humans and mammals, which prolongs uterine involution and causes great economic losses. MiR-30a plays an importan trole in the process of inflammation; however, the regulatory role of miR-30a in endometritis is still unknown. Here, we first noticed that there was an increased level of miR-30a in uterine samples of cows with endometritis. And then, bovine endometrial epithelial (BEND) cells stimulated with the virulence factor lipoteichoic acid (LTA) from S. aureus were used as an in vitro endometritis model to explore the potential role of miR-30a in the pathogenesis of endometritis. Our data showed that the induction of the miR-30a expression is dependent on NF-κB activation, and its overexpression significantly decreased the levels of IL-1β and IL-6. Furthermore, we observed that the overexpression of miR-30a inhibited its translation by binding to 3′−UTR of MyD88 mRNA, thus preventing the activation of Nox2 and NF-κB and ROS accumulation. Meanwhile, in vivo studies further revealed that upregulation of miR-30a using chemically synthesized agomirs alleviates the inflammatory conditions in an experimental mouse model of endometritis, as indicated by inhibition of ROS and NF-κB. Taken together, these findings highlight that miR-30a can attenuate LTA-elicited oxidative stress and inflammatory responses through the MyD88/Nox2/ROS/NF-κB pathway and may aid the future development of novel therapies for inflammatory diseases caused by S. aureus, including endometritis.
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Li Y, Liu X, Ma Z. EGFR, NF-κB and noncoding RNAs in precision medicine. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 190:189-218. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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A Bioinformatics Approach to Identifying Potential Biomarkers for Cryptosporidium parvum: A Coccidian Parasite Associated with Fetal Diarrhea. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9121427. [PMID: 34960172 PMCID: PMC8705633 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9121427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryptosporidium parvum (C. parvum) is a protozoan parasite known for cryptosporidiosis in pre-weaned calves. Animals and patients with immunosuppression are at risk of developing the disease, which can cause potentially fatal diarrhoea. The present study aimed to construct a network biology framework based on the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of C. parvum infected subjects. In this way, the gene expression profiling analysis of C. parvum infected individuals can give us a snapshot of actively expressed genes and transcripts under infection conditions. In the present study, we have analyzed microarray data sets and compared the gene expression profiles of the patients with the different data sets of the healthy control. Using a network medicine approach to identify the most influential genes in the gene interaction network, we uncovered essential genes and pathways related to C. parvum infection. We identified 164 differentially expressed genes (109 up- and 54 down-regulated DEGs) and allocated them to pathway and gene set enrichment analysis. The results underpin the identification of seven significant hub genes with high centrality values: ISG15, MX1, IFI44L, STAT1, IFIT1, OAS1, IFIT3, RSAD2, IFITM1, and IFI44. These genes are associated with diverse biological processes not limited to host interaction, type 1 interferon production, or response to IL-gamma. Furthermore, four genes (IFI44, IFIT3, IFITM1, and MX1) were also discovered to be involved in innate immunity, inflammation, apoptosis, phosphorylation, cell proliferation, and cell signaling. In conclusion, these results reinforce the development and implementation of tools based on gene profiles to identify and treat Cryptosporidium parvum-related diseases at an early stage.
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Gong AY, Wang Y, Li M, Zhang XT, Deng S, Chen JM, Lu E, Mathy NW, Martins GA, Strauss-Soukup JK, Chen XM. LncRNA XR_001779380 Primes Epithelial Cells for IFN-γ-Mediated Gene Transcription and Facilitates Age-Dependent Intestinal Antimicrobial Defense. mBio 2021; 12:e0212721. [PMID: 34488445 PMCID: PMC8546593 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02127-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon (IFN) signaling is key to mucosal immunity in the gastrointestinal tract, but cellular regulatory elements that determine interferon gamma (IFN-γ)-mediated antimicrobial defense in intestinal epithelial cells are not fully understood. We report here that a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), GenBank accession no. XR_001779380, was increased in abundance in murine intestinal epithelial cells following infection by Cryptosporidium, an important opportunistic pathogen in AIDS patients and a common cause of diarrhea in young children. Expression of XR_001779380 in infected intestinal epithelial cells was triggered by TLR4/NF-κB/Cdc42 signaling and epithelial-specific transcription factor Elf3. XR_001779380 primed epithelial cells for IFN-γ-mediated gene transcription through facilitating Stat1/Swi/Snf-associated chromatin remodeling. Interactions between XR_001779380 and Prdm1, which is expressed in neonatal but not adult intestinal epithelium, attenuated Stat1/Swi/Snf-associated chromatin remodeling induced by IFN-γ, contributing to suppression of IFN-γ-mediated epithelial defense in neonatal intestine. Our data demonstrate that XR_001779380 is an important regulator in IFN-γ-mediated gene transcription and age-associated intestinal epithelial antimicrobial defense. IMPORTANCE Epithelial cells along the mucosal surface provide the front line of defense against luminal pathogen infection in the gastrointestinal tract. These epithelial cells represent an integral component of a highly regulated communication network that can transmit essential signals to cells in the underlying intestinal mucosa that, in turn, serve as targets of mucosal immune mediators. LncRNAs are recently identified long noncoding transcripts that can regulate gene transcription through their interactions with other effect molecules. In this study, we demonstrated that lncRNA XR_001779380 was upregulated in murine intestinal epithelial cells following infection by a mucosal protozoan parasite Cryptosporidium. Expression of XR_001779380 in infected cells primed host epithelial cells for IFN-γ-mediated gene transcription, relevant to age-dependent intestinal antimicrobial defense. Our data provide new mechanistic insights into how intestinal epithelial cells orchestrate intestinal mucosal defense against microbial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Yu Gong
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Min Li
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Xin-Tian Zhang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Silu Deng
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Jessie M. Chen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Eugene Lu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Nicholas W. Mathy
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Gislaine A. Martins
- Deptartments of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Research Division of Immunology Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Xian-Ming Chen
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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21
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Yin YL, Yang X, Zhao GH. Response to comments on our article (Yin YL et al., Parasit Vectors, 10.1186/s13071-021-04739-w) by Yuqing Wang and colleagues. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:484. [PMID: 34548103 PMCID: PMC8456634 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04996-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This letter responds to comments on our article (Yin YL et al., Parasit Vectors, 10.1186/s13071-021-04739-w) by Yuqing Wang and colleagues, who wrote a letter entitled "Microarray analysis of circular RNAs in HCT-8 cells infected with Cryptosporidium parvum" and discussed statistical procedures for microarray analysis during C. parvum infection. To further confirm our data, in this letter, a common R package for analyses of differentially expressed genes, namely DESeq2, with Benjamini-Hochberg correction, was used to analyze our microarray data and identified 26 significantly differentially expressed circRNAs using adjusted P value < 0.05 and | Log2 (fold change [FC]) | ≥ 1.0, including our circRNA ciRS-7 of interest. Therefore, the protocol for selecting circRNAs of interest for further study in our article is acceptable and did not affect the subsequent scientific findings in our article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ling Yin
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Guang-Hui Zhao
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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22
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Xia Z, Xu J, Lu E, He W, Deng S, Gong AY, Strass-Soukup J, Martins GA, Lu G, Chen XM. m 6A mRNA Methylation Regulates Epithelial Innate Antimicrobial Defense Against Cryptosporidial Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:705232. [PMID: 34295340 PMCID: PMC8291979 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.705232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence supports that N6-methyladenosine (m6A) mRNA modification may play an important role in regulating immune responses. Intestinal epithelial cells orchestrate gastrointestinal mucosal innate defense to microbial infection, but underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. In this study, we present data demonstrating significant alterations in the topology of host m6A mRNA methylome in intestinal epithelial cells following infection by Cryptosporidium parvum, a coccidian parasite that infects the gastrointestinal epithelium and causes a self-limited disease in immunocompetent individuals but a life-threatening diarrheal disease in AIDS patients. Altered m6A methylation in mRNAs in intestinal epithelial cells following C. parvum infection is associated with downregulation of alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase alkB homolog 5 and the fat mass and obesity-associated protein with the involvement of NF-кB signaling. Functionally, m6A methylation statuses influence intestinal epithelial innate defense against C. parvum infection. Specifically, expression levels of immune-related genes, such as the immunity-related GTPase family M member 2 and interferon gamma induced GTPase, are increased in infected cells with a decreased m6A mRNA methylation. Our data support that intestinal epithelial cells display significant alterations in the topology of their m6A mRNA methylome in response to C. parvum infection with the involvement of activation of the NF-кB signaling pathway, a process that modulates expression of specific immune-related genes and contributes to fine regulation of epithelial antimicrobial defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijie Xia
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Jihao Xu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Eugene Lu
- Department of Biology, School of Interdisciplinary Informatics, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Wei He
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Silu Deng
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, United States.,Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ai-Yu Gong
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, United States.,Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Juliane Strass-Soukup
- Department of Chemistry, Creighton University College of Arts & Sciences, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Gislaine A Martins
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Research Division of Immunology Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Guoqing Lu
- Department of Biology, School of Interdisciplinary Informatics, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Xian-Ming Chen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, United States.,Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
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23
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Mavreli D, Lykoudi A, Lambrou G, Papaioannou G, Vrachnis N, Kalantaridou S, Papantoniou N, Kolialexi A. Deep Sequencing Identified Dysregulated Circulating MicroRNAs in Late Onset Preeclampsia. In Vivo 2021; 34:2317-2324. [PMID: 32871756 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM To characterize global microRNA (miRNA) expression profile in the first trimester maternal plasma of women who subsequently develop late-onset preeclampsia (LOPE) compared to uncomplicated pregnancies. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five first trimester plasma samples from women who developed LOPE and 5 controls were analyzed using next generation sequencing technology (NGS) followed by target prediction, Gene Ontology analysis and pathway identification. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed for confirmation in an independent cohort of 12 LOPE cases and 12 controls. RESULTS miR-23b-5p and miR-99b-5p were down-regulated by >1.5 fold in LOPE complicated pregnancies (p value <0.05) compared to controls. Target prediction showed that the major targets of these miRNAs are associated with glycometabolism and immune response. CONCLUSION miR-23b-5p and miR-99b-5p are possibly implicated in the pathogenic mechanisms leading to the induction of LOPE and may serve as candidate non-invasive biomarkers for early prediction and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danai Mavreli
- 3 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Department of Medical Genetics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandra Lykoudi
- 3 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Department of Medical Genetics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George Lambrou
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George Papaioannou
- 3 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolas Vrachnis
- 3 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sophia Kalantaridou
- 3 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolas Papantoniou
- 3 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Aggeliki Kolialexi
- 3 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece .,Department of Medical Genetics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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24
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Tong J, Duan Z, Zeng R, Du L, Xu S, Wang L, Liu Y, Chen Q, Chen X, Li M. MiR-146a Negatively Regulates Aspergillus fumigatus-Induced TNF-α and IL-6 Secretion in THP-1 Macrophages. Mycopathologia 2021; 186:341-354. [PMID: 34089172 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-021-00538-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatu (A. fumigatus) is one of the most common important fungal pathogens that cause life-threatening infectious disease in immunocompromised individuals. However, the host immune response against this pathogenic mold is not fully understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play essential roles in regulating innate immunity. Thus, we investigated the function of miR-146a in inflammatory responses in macrophages after A. fumigatus stimulation in this study. We found that TNF-α and IL-6 were increased in THP-1 macrophage-like cells treated with A. fumigatus at both the mRNA and protein levels. The interaction between THP-1 macrophage-like cells and A. fumigatus resulted in a long-lasting increase in miR-146a expression dependent on p38 MAPK and NF-κB signaling. In A. fumigatus-challenged THP-1 macrophage-like cells, overexpression of miR-146a by miR-146a mimics decreased TNF-α and IL-6 production, whereas downregulation of miR-146a by anti-miR-146a significantly enhanced the level of TNF-α and IL-6. Our study demonstrates that the crosstalk between miR-146a and the inflammation-regulating p38 MAPK and NF-κB pathways might be a fine-tuning mechanism in the modulation of the inflammatory response in macrophages infected with A. fumigatus. Our findings illuminate the crucial role of miR-146a in the pathogenesis of human diseases associated with A. fumigatus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Tong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin, Institute of Dermatology, Diseases and STIs, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, People's Republic of China.,Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhimin Duan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin, Institute of Dermatology, Diseases and STIs, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Zeng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin, Institute of Dermatology, Diseases and STIs, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, People's Republic of China
| | - Leilei Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin, Institute of Dermatology, Diseases and STIs, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin, Institute of Dermatology, Diseases and STIs, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, People's Republic of China
| | - Liwei Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin, Institute of Dermatology, Diseases and STIs, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuzhen Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin, Institute of Dermatology, Diseases and STIs, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Chen
- Jiangsu Province Blood Center, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China. .,Center for Systems Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100005, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xu Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin, Institute of Dermatology, Diseases and STIs, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, People's Republic of China.
| | - Min Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin, Institute of Dermatology, Diseases and STIs, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, People's Republic of China. .,Center for Systems Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100005, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Yu G, Jiao Y, Huang JJ, Fan MD, Hao YC, Han JZ, Qu L. Acidic preconditioning reduces lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by upregulating the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:441. [PMID: 33747178 PMCID: PMC7967826 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Acid preconditioning (APC) through carbon dioxide inhalation can exert protective effects during acute lung injury (ALI) triggered by ischemia-reperfusion. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has been identified as a receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and the novel coronavirus disease-19. Downregulation of ACE2 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of severe lung failure after viral or bacterial infections. The aim of the present study was to examine the anti-inflammatory mechanism through which APC alleviates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI in vivo and in vitro. The present results demonstrated that LPS significantly downregulated the expression of ACE2, while APC significantly reduced LPS-induced ALI and provided beneficial effects. In addition, bioinformatics analysis indicated that microRNA (miR)-200c-3p directly targeted the 3'untranslated region of ACE2 and regulated the expression of ACE2 protein. LPS exposure inhibited the expression of ACE2 protein in A549 cells by upregulating the levels of miR-200c-3p. However, APC inhibited the upregulation of miR-200c-3p induced by LPS, as well as the downregulation of ACE2 protein, through the NF-κB pathway. In conclusion, although LPS can inhibit the expression of ACE2 by upregulating the levels of miR-200c-3p through the NF-κB pathway, APC inhibited this effect, thus reducing inflammation during LPS-induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyuan Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, P.R. China
| | - Yan Jiao
- Department of Oncology, JiangXi Provincial People's Hospital, Donghu, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Jia Huang
- Medicine school of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Da Fan
- Medicine school of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Chen Hao
- Medicine school of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Zhong Han
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23220, USA
| | - Liangchao Qu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, P.R. China.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23220, USA
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26
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Guo X, Zheng Y. Profiling of miRNAs in Mouse Peritoneal Macrophages Responding to Echinococcus multilocularis Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:132. [PMID: 32309217 PMCID: PMC7145947 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a zoonotic helminthic disease caused by infection with the larval of Echinococcus multilocularis in human and animals. Here, we compared miRNA profiles of the peritoneal macrophages of E. multilocularis-infected and un-infected female BALB/c mice using high-throughput sequencing. A total of 87 known miRNAs were differentially expressed (fold change ≥ 2, p < 0.05) in peritoneal macrophages in mice 30- and 90-day post infection compared with ones in un-infected mice. An increase of mmu-miR-155-5p expression was observed in peritoneal macrophages in E. multilocularis-infected mice. Compared with the control group, the production of nitric oxide (NO) was increased in peritoneal macrophages transfected with mmu-miR-155-5p mimics at 12 h after transfection (p < 0.001). Two key genes (CD14 and NF-κB) in the LPS/TLR4 signaling pathway were also markedly altered in mmu-miR-155-5p mimics transfected cells (p < 0.05). Moreover, mmu-miR-155-5p mimics suppressed IL6 mRNA expression and promoted IL12a and IL12b mRNA expression. Luciferase assays showed that mmu-miR-155-5p was able to bind to the 3′ UTR of the IKBKE gene and decreased luciferase activity. Finally, we found the expression of IKBKE was significantly downregulated in both macrophages transfected with mmu-miR-155-5p and macrophages isolated from E. multilocularis-infected mice. These results demonstrate an immunoregulatory effect of mmu-miR-155 on macrophages, suggesting a role in regulation of host immune responses against E. multilocularis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaola Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gansu, China
| | - Yadong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gansu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou, China
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27
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Dutta RK, Chinnapaiyan S, Unwalla H. Aberrant MicroRNAomics in Pulmonary Complications: Implications in Lung Health and Diseases. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 18:413-431. [PMID: 31655261 PMCID: PMC6831837 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few decades, evolutionarily conserved molecular networks have emerged as important regulators in the expression and function of eukaryotic genomes. Recently, miRNAs (miRNAs), a large family of small, non-coding regulatory RNAs were identified in these networks as regulators of endogenous genes by exerting post-transcriptional gene regulation activity in a broad range of eukaryotic species. Dysregulation of miRNA expression correlates with aberrant gene expression and can play an essential role in human health and disease. In the context of the lung, miRNAs have been implicated in organogenesis programming, such as proliferation, differentiation, and morphogenesis. Gain- or loss-of-function studies revealed their pivotal roles as regulators of disease development, potential therapeutic candidates/targets, and clinical biomarkers. An altered microRNAome has been attributed to several pulmonary diseases, such as asthma, chronic pulmonary obstructive disease, cystic fibrosis, lung cancer, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Considering the relevant roles and functions of miRNAs under physiological and pathological conditions, they may lead to the invention of new diagnostic and therapeutic tools. This review will focus on recent advances in understanding the role of miRNAs in lung development, lung health, and diseases, while also exploring the progress and prospects of their application as therapeutic leads or as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajib Kumar Dutta
- Department of Immunology and Nano-medicine, Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Srinivasan Chinnapaiyan
- Department of Immunology and Nano-medicine, Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Hoshang Unwalla
- Department of Immunology and Nano-medicine, Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
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28
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Pakshir K, Badali H, Nami S, Mirzaei H, Ebrahimzadeh V, Morovati H. Interactions between immune response to fungal infection and microRNAs: The pioneer tuners. Mycoses 2019; 63:4-20. [PMID: 31597205 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Due to their physiological and biological characteristics, numerous fungi are potentially emerging pathogens. Active dynamicity of fungal pathogens causes life-threatening infections annually impose high costs to the health systems. Although immune responses play crucial roles in controlling the fate of fungal infections, immunocompromised patients are at high risk with high mortality. Tuning the immune response against fungal infections might be an effective strategy for controlling and reducing the pathological damages. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known as the master regulators of immune response. These single-stranded tuners (18-23 bp non-coding RNAs) are endogenously expressed by all metazoan eukaryotes and have emerged as the master gene expression controllers of at least 30% human genes. In this review article, following the review of biology and physiology (biogenesis and mechanism of actions) of miRNAs and immune response against fungal infections, the interactions between them were scrutinised. In conclusion, miRNAs might be considered as one of the potential goals in immunotherapy for fungal infections. Undoubtedly, advanced studies in this field, further identifying of miRNA roles in governing the immune response, pave the way for inclusion of miRNA-related immunotherapeutic in the treatment of life-threatening fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyvan Pakshir
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamid Badali
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Fungus Testing Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Sanam Nami
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Veghar Ebrahimzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamid Morovati
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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29
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Nuclear Factor κB Signaling and Its Related Non-coding RNAs in Cancer Therapy. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 19:208-217. [PMID: 31841993 PMCID: PMC6920321 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) acts as a nuclear factor that is composed of five main subunits. It is a pluripotent and crucial dimer transcription factor that has a close relationship with many serious illnesses, especially its influences on cell proliferation, inflammation, and cancer initiation and progression. NF-κB acts as part of the signaling pathway and determines its effect on the expression of several other genes, such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), p53, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and non-coding RNA (ncRNA). Continuous activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway has been seen in many cancer types. While the NF-κB signaling pathway is tightly regulated in physiological settings, quite frequently it is constitutively activated in cancer, and the molecular biology mechanism underlying the deregulated activation of NF-κB signaling remains unclear. In this review, we discuss the regulatory role and possible clinical significance of ncRNA (microRNA [miRNA] and long non-coding RNA [lncRNA]) in NF-κB signaling in cancer, including in the conversion of inflammation to carcinogenesis. Non-coding RNA plays an essential and complex role in the NF-κB signaling pathway. NF-κB activation can also induce the ncRNA status. Targeting NF-κB signaling by ncRNA is becoming a promising strategy of drug development and cancer treatment.
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30
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Respiratory syncytial virus nonstructural proteins 1 and 2: Exceptional disrupters of innate immune responses. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007984. [PMID: 31622448 PMCID: PMC6797084 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most important cause of acute lower respiratory tract disease in infants worldwide. As a first line of defense against respiratory infections, innate immune responses, including the production of type I and III interferons (IFNs), play an important role. Upon infection with RSV, multiple pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) can recognize RSV-derived pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and mount innate immune responses. Retinoic-acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) have been identified as important innate receptors to mount type I IFNs during RSV infection. However, type I IFN levels remain surprisingly low during RSV infection despite strong viral replication. The poor induction of type I IFNs can be attributed to the cooperative activity of 2 unique, nonstructural (NS) proteins of RSV, i.e., NS1 and NS2. These viral proteins have been shown to suppress both the production and signaling of type I and III IFNs by counteracting a plethora of key host innate signaling proteins. Moreover, increasing numbers of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) are being identified as targets of the NS proteins in recent years, highlighting an underexplored protein family in the identification of NS target proteins. To understand the diverse effector functions of NS1 and NS2, Goswami and colleagues proposed the hypothesis of the NS degradasome (NSD) complex, a multiprotein complex made up of, at least, NS1 and NS2. Furthermore, the crystal structure of NS1 was resolved recently and, remarkably, identified NS1 as a structural paralogue of the RSV matrix protein. Unfortunately, no structural data on NS2 have been published so far. In this review, we briefly describe the PRRs that mount innate immune responses upon RSV infection and provide an overview of the various effector functions of NS1 and NS2. Furthermore, we discuss the ubiquitination effector functions of NS1 and NS2, which are in line with the hypothesis that the NSD shares features with the canonical 26S proteasome.
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Bensaoud C, Hackenberg M, Kotsyfakis M. Noncoding RNAs in Parasite–Vector–Host Interactions. Trends Parasitol 2019; 35:715-724. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2019.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Liu X, Lu Y, Zhu J, Liu M, Xie M, Ye M, Li M, Wang S, Ming Z, Tong Q, Liu F, Zhou R. A Long Noncoding RNA, Antisense IL-7, Promotes Inflammatory Gene Transcription through Facilitating Histone Acetylation and Switch/Sucrose Nonfermentable Chromatin Remodeling. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:1548-1559. [PMID: 31383742 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs are important regulators of gene expression in innate immune responses. Antisense IL-7 (IL-7-AS) is a newly discovered long noncoding RNA in human and mouse that has been reported to regulate the expression of IL-6. However, the potential function of IL-7-AS in innate immune system is not fully understood. In this study, we found that the expression of IL-7-AS is primarily dependent on the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways in macrophages and intestinal epithelial cells. Functionally, IL-7-AS promotes the expression of several inflammatory genes, including CCL2, CCL5, CCL7, and IL-6, in cells in response to LPS. Specifically, IL-7-AS physically interacts with p300 to regulate histone acetylation levels around the promoter regions of these gene loci. Moreover, IL-7-AS and p300 complex modulate the assembly of SWI/SNF complex to the promoters. IL-7-AS regulates chemotaxis activity of monocytes to intestine epithelial cells with involvement of CCL2. Therefore, our data indicate a new promoting role for NF-κB/MAPK-responsive IL-7-AS in the transcriptional regulation of inflammatory genes in the innate immune system although modulation of histone acetylation around the promoters of related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Liu
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajing Lu
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430077, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingjia Liu
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghong Xie
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengling Ye
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxuan Li
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuhong Wang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenping Ming
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Tong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Section, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Feng Liu
- School of Computer Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China;
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33
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Jiang C, Guo Y, Yu H, Lu S, Meng L. Pleiotropic microRNA-21 in pulmonary remodeling: novel insights for molecular mechanism and present advancements. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2019; 15:33. [PMID: 31139230 PMCID: PMC6528201 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-019-0345-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-21 (miR-21), probably one of the most studied miRNAs to date, is found pleiotropic in various biological events. Its emerging role in pulmonary remodeling has attracted extensive attention. This review summarizes the genomic information of its primary transcript and various transcriptional regulations on its promoter. In addition, the role of miR-21 in pulmonary remodeling related signaling such as transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Notch signaling is discussed. Various validated miR-21 target genes participate in controlling of the overactive cell accumulation, smooth muscle contraction, inflammatory stress (trigger for lung epithelium damage), extracellular matrix deposition and hypoxia-induced disorders. Moreover, we focus on its particular implication in events including inflammatory stress-driven epithelium damage, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), transdifferentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, hypoxia stimuli and ROS response, as well as some other pulmonary remodeling related events such as overactive fibroblast (myofibroblast) accumulation, extracellular matrix deposition, and angiogenesis. Here, we summarize the strong potential of miR-21 in pulmonary remodeling and provide novel clues for further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congshan Jiang
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, West Yanta Road No.76, Xi'an, Shaanxi People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanxu Guo
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, West Yanta Road No.76, Xi'an, Shaanxi People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi People's Republic of China
| | - Hongchuan Yu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xi'an Children Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi People's Republic of China
| | - Shemin Lu
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, West Yanta Road No.76, Xi'an, Shaanxi People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi People's Republic of China
| | - Liesu Meng
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, West Yanta Road No.76, Xi'an, Shaanxi People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi People's Republic of China
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34
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Ming Z, Gong AY, Wang Y, Zhang XT, Li M, Mathy NW, Strauss-Soukup JK, Chen XM. Involvement of Cryptosporidium parvum Cdg7_FLc_1000 RNA in the Attenuation of Intestinal Epithelial Cell Migration via Trans-Suppression of Host Cell SMPD3. J Infect Dis 2019; 217:122-133. [PMID: 28961856 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal infection by Cryptosporidium parvum causes inhibition of epithelial turnover, but underlying mechanisms are unclear. Previous studies demonstrate that a panel of parasite RNA transcripts of low protein-coding potential are delivered into infected epithelial cells. Using in vitro and in vivo models of intestinal cryptosporidiosis, we report here that host delivery of parasite Cdg7_FLc_1000 RNA results in inhibition of epithelial cell migration through suppression of the gene encoding sphingomyelinase 3 (SMPD3). Delivery of Cdg7_FLc_1000 into infected cells promotes the histone methyltransferase G9a-mediated H3K9 methylation in the SMPD3 locus. The DNA-binding transcriptional repressor, PR domain zinc finger protein 1, is required for the assembly of Cdg7_FLc_1000 into the G9a complex and associated with the enrichment of H3K9 methylation at the gene locus. Pathologically, nuclear transfer of Cryptosporidium parvum Cdg7_FLc_1000 RNA is involved in the attenuation of intestinal epithelial cell migration via trans-suppression of host cell SMPD3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenping Ming
- Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Hubei, China.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine
| | - Ai-Yu Gong
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine
| | - Xin-Tian Zhang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine
| | - Min Li
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine
| | - Nicholas W Mathy
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine
| | | | - Xian-Ming Chen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine
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35
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Wang C, Liu L, Zhu H, Zhang L, Wang R, Zhang Z, Huang J, Zhang S, Jian F, Ning C, Zhang L. MicroRNA expression profile of HCT-8 cells in the early phase of Cryptosporidium parvum infection. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:37. [PMID: 30642246 PMCID: PMC6332841 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5410-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cryptosporidium parvum is an important zoonotic parasitic disease worldwide, but the molecular mechanisms of the host–parasite interaction are not fully understood. Noncoding microRNAs (miRNAs) are considered key regulators of parasitic diseases. Therefore, we used microarray, qPCR, and bioinformatic analyses to investigate the intestinal epithelial miRNA expression profile after Cryptosporidium parvum infection. Results Twenty miRNAs were differentially expressed after infection (four upregulated and 16 downregulated). Further analysis of the differentially expressed miRNAs revealed that many important cellular responses were triggered by Cryptosporidium parvum infection, including cell apoptosis and the inflammatory and immune responses. Conclusions This study demonstrates for the first time that the miRNA expression profile of human intestinal epithelium cells is altered by C. parvum infection. This dysregulation of miRNA expression may contribute to the regulation of host biological processes in response to C. parvum infection, including cell apoptosis and the immune responses. These results provide new insight into the regulatory mechanisms of host miRNAs during cryptosporidiosis, which may offer potential targets for future C. parvum control strategies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-5410-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenrong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Limin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Huili Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongjun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenjie Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianying Huang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Sumei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuchun Jian
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Changshen Ning
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Longxian Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China. .,International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China.
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36
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Zhai W, Li S, Zhang J, Chen Y, Ma J, Kong W, Gong D, Zheng J, Xue W, Xu Y. Sunitinib-suppressed miR-452-5p facilitates renal cancer cell invasion and metastasis through modulating SMAD4/SMAD7 signals. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:157. [PMID: 30419914 PMCID: PMC6231268 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0906-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Although microRNAs (miRNAs) were revealed as crucial modulators in tumor metastasis and target therapy, our understanding of their roles in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) and Sunitinib treatment was limited. Here we sought to identify human miRNAs that acted as key regulators in renal cancer metastasis and Sunitinib treatment. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We focused on 2 published microarray data to select out our anchored miRNA and then explored the roles of miR-452-5p both in vitro and in vivo, which was downregulated after Sunitinib treatment while upregulated in metastasis renal cell carcinoma (RCC) tissues. RESULTS Here, we discovered that treating with Sunitinib, the targeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), inhibited renal cancer cell migration and invasion via attenuating the expression of miR-452-5p. The novel identified miR-452-5p was upregulated and associated with poor prognosis in RCC. Preclinical studies using multiple RCC cells and xenografts model illustrated that miR-452-5p could promote RCC cell migration and invasion in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, P65 could directly bind to the miR-452-5p promoter and thus transcriptionally induce miR-452-5p expression, which led to post-transcriptionally abrogate SMAD4 expression, thus inhibition of its downstream gene SMAD7. CONCLUSION Our study presented a road map for targeting this newly identified miR-452-5p and its SMAD4/SMAD7 signals pathway, which imparted a new potential therapeutic strategy for mRCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhai
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine in Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Saiyang Li
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine in Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yonghui Chen
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine in Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Junjie Ma
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Wen Kong
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine in Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Dongkui Gong
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine in Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Junhua Zheng
- Department of Urology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine in Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Wei Xue
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine in Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Yunfei Xu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine in Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China.
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37
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Wang T, Yao W, Shao Y, Zheng R, Huang F. PCAF fine-tunes hepatic metabolic syndrome, inflammatory disease, and cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:5787-5800. [PMID: 30216660 PMCID: PMC6237576 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The P300/CBP‐associating factor (PCAF), a histone acetyltransferase, is involved in metabolic and pathogenic diseases, particularly of the liver. The effects of PCAF on fine‐tuning liver diseases are extremely complex and vary according to different pathological conditions. This enzyme has dichotomous functions, depending on differently modified sites, which regulate the activities of various enzymes, metabolic functions, and gene expression. Here, we summarize the most recent findings on the functions and targets of PCAF in various metabolic and immunological processes in the liver and review these new discoveries and models of PCAF biology in three areas: hepatic metabolic syndrome, inflammatory disease, and cancer. Finally, we discuss the potential implications of these findings for therapeutic interventions in liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongxin Wang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weilei Yao
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yafei Shao
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruilong Zheng
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Feiruo Huang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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38
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Ming Z, Wang Y, Gong AY, Zhang XT, Li M, Chen T, Mathy NW, Strauss-Soukup JK, Chen XM. Attenuation of Intestinal Epithelial Cell Migration During Cryptosporidium parvum Infection Involves Parasite Cdg7_FLc_1030 RNA-Mediated Induction and Release of Dickkopf-1. J Infect Dis 2018; 218:1336-1347. [PMID: 30052999 PMCID: PMC6129111 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal infection by Cryptosporidium is known to cause epithelial cell migration disorder but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Previous studies demonstrated that a panel of parasite RNA transcripts of low protein-coding potential are delivered into infected epithelial cells. Using multiple models of intestinal cryptosporidiosis, we report here that C. parvum infection induces expression and release of the dickkopf protein 1 (Dkk1) from intestinal epithelial cells. Delivery of parasite Cdg7_FLc_1030 RNA to intestinal epithelial cells triggers transactivation of host Dkk1 gene during C. parvum infection. Release of Dkk1 is involved in C. parvum-induced inhibition of cell migration of epithelial cells, including noninfected bystander cells. Moreover, Dkk1-mediated suppression of host cell migration during C. parvum infection involves inhibition of Cdc42/Par6 signaling. Our data support the hypothesis that attenuation of intestinal epithelial cell migration during Cryptosporidium infection involves parasite Cdg7_FLc_1030 RNA-mediated induction and release of Dkk1 from infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenping Ming
- Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Hubei, China
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Ai-Yu Gong
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Xin-Tian Zhang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Min Li
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Nicholas W Mathy
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska
| | | | - Xian-Ming Chen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska
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39
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Liu TL, Fan XC, Li YH, Yuan YJ, Yin YL, Wang XT, Zhang LX, Zhao GH. Expression Profiles of mRNA and lncRNA in HCT-8 Cells Infected With Cryptosporidium parvum IId Subtype. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1409. [PMID: 30013528 PMCID: PMC6036261 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptosporidium parvum is one of the most important enteric protozoan pathogens, responsible for severe diarrhea in immunocompromised human and livestock. However, few effective agents were available for controlling this parasite. Accumulating evidences suggest that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) played key roles in many diseases through regulating the gene expression. Here, the expression profiles of lncRNAs and mRNAs were analyzed in HCT-8 cells infected with C. parvum IId subtype using microarray assay. A total of 821 lncRNAs and 1,349 mRNAs were differentially expressed in infected cells at 24 h post infection (pi). Of them, all five types of lncRNAs were identified, including 22 sense, 280 antisense, 312 intergenic, 44 divergent, 33 intronic lncRNAs, and 130 lncRNAs that were not found the relationship with mRNAs’ location. Additionally, real-time polymerase chain reactions of 10 lncRNAs and 10 mRNAs randomly selected were successfully confirmed the microarray results. The co-expression and target prediction analysis indicated that 27 mRNAs were cis-regulated by 29 lncRNAs and 109 were trans-regulated by 114 lncRNAs. These predicted targets were enriched in several pathways involved in the interaction between host and C. parvum, e.g., hedgehog signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathway, and tight junction, suggesting that these differentially expressed lncRNAs would play important regulating roles during the infection of C. parvum IId subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Li Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xian-Chen Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yun-Hui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ya-Jie Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yan-Ling Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xue-Ting Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Long-Xian Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guang-Hui Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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40
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Zhang C, Chang C, Gao H, Wang Q, Zhang F, Xu C. MiR-429 regulates rat liver regeneration and hepatocyte proliferation by targeting JUN/MYC/BCL2/CCND1 signaling pathway. Cell Signal 2018; 50:80-89. [PMID: 29958992 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that miR-429 is involved in tumor suppression in various human cancers. However, its role in liver regeneration remains unexplored. Liver regeneration is a highly orchestrated process that can be regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs), although the mechanisms are largely unclear. In this study, we aimed to identify the role of miR-429 in hepatocyte proliferation during liver regeneration. First, we performed microarray analysis and qRT-PCR. Results indicated that miR-429 level in rat liver markedly decreased 30 h after partial hepatectomy, and miR-429 overexpression disrupted BRL-3A proliferation and the transition of G1 to S phase in rat hepatocyte and promoted hepatocyte apoptosis. By contrast, miR-429 down-regulation had inverse effects. MiR-429 negatively regulated JUN expression in vitro and in vivo. After using JUN siRNA, we found that JUN inhibition mediates the effect of miR-429 in hepatocyte proliferation and growth and miR-429 negatively regulates JUN/MYC/BCL2/CCND1 signaling pathways. Our results also indicated that miR-429 inhibits hepatocyte proliferation and liver regeneration by targeting JUN/MYC/BCL2/CCND1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Zhang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation and Henan Engineering Laboratory for Bioengineering and Drug Development, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
| | - Cuifang Chang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation and Henan Engineering Laboratory for Bioengineering and Drug Development, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
| | - Hang Gao
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation and Henan Engineering Laboratory for Bioengineering and Drug Development, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
| | - Qiwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation and Henan Engineering Laboratory for Bioengineering and Drug Development, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
| | - Fuchun Zhang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Cunshuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation and Henan Engineering Laboratory for Bioengineering and Drug Development, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China.
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41
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Colineau L, Lambertz U, Fornes O, Wasserman WW, Reiner NE. c-Myc is a novel Leishmania virulence factor by proxy that targets the host miRNA system and is essential for survival in human macrophages. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:12805-12819. [PMID: 29934305 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.002462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmania species are intracellular protozoan pathogens that have evolved to successfully infect and deactivate host macrophages. How this deactivation is brought about is not completely understood. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as ubiquitous regulators of macrophage gene expression that contribute to shaping the immune responses to intracellular pathogens. Conversely, several pathogens have evolved the ability to exploit host miRNA expression to manipulate host-cell phenotype. However, very little is known about the mechanisms used by intracellular pathogens to drive changes in host-cell miRNA abundance. Using miRNA expression profiling of Leishmania donovani-infected human macrophages, we show here that Leishmania infection induced a genome-wide down-regulation of host miRNAs. This repression occurred at the level of miRNA gene transcription, because the synthesis rates of primary miRNAs were significantly decreased in infected cells. miRNA repression depended on the host macrophage transcription factor c-Myc. Indeed, the expression of host c-Myc was markedly up-regulated by Leishmania infection, and c-Myc silencing reversed the miRNA suppression. Furthermore, c-Myc silencing significantly reduced intracellular survival of Leishmania, demonstrating that c-Myc is essential for Leishmania pathogenesis. Taken together, these findings identify c-Myc not only as being responsible for miRNA repression in Leishmania-infected macrophages but also as a novel and essential virulence factor by proxy that promotes Leishmania survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Colineau
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9
| | - Ulrike Lambertz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9
| | - Oriol Fornes
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Medical Genetics, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 3J5, Canada
| | - Wyeth W Wasserman
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Medical Genetics, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 3J5, Canada
| | - Neil E Reiner
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9.
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Bai Y, Lu J, Cheng Y, Zhang F, Fan X, Weng Y, Zhu J. NF-кB increases LPS-mediated procalcitonin production in human hepatocytes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8913. [PMID: 29891911 PMCID: PMC5995812 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27302-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
For years, procalcitonin (PCT) has been employed as a diagnostic biomarker for the severity of sepsis and septic shock, as well as for guiding the application of antibiotics. However, the molecular/cellular basis for the regulation of PCT production is not fully understood. In this study, we identified the signalling pathway by which the expression of PCT was induced by lipopolysaccharide in human hepatocytes at the mRNA and protein levels. This expression was dependent on nuclear transcription factor κB (NF-κB), as indicated by a NF-κB binding site (nt −53 to −44) found in the PCT promoter region. We also showed that microRNA-513b (miR-513b) was also able to bind to the 3′-untranslated region (UTR) of the PCT promoter sequence. Meanwhile, the activation of NF-κB down-regulated the expression of miR-513b. In conclusion, we suggest that NF-κB is capable of enhancing the expression of PCT by either directly activating the transcription of the PCT gene or indirectly modulating the expression of its regulatory component, miR-513b. Our results indicate a molecular mechanism responsible for the regulation of PCT production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Bai
- Core Facility, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Core Facility, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Core Facility, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Core Facility, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xueyu Fan
- Core Facility, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Weng
- Core Facility, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Core Facility, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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43
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Ren GJ, Fan XC, Liu TL, Wang SS, Zhao GH. Genome-wide analysis of differentially expressed profiles of mRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs during Cryptosporidium baileyi infection. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:356. [PMID: 29747577 PMCID: PMC5946474 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4754-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cryptosporidium baileyi is the most common Cryptosporidium species in birds. However, effective prevention measures and treatment for C. baileyi infection were still not available. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) play important roles in regulating occurrence and progression of many diseases and are identified as effective biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of several diseases. In the present study, the expression profiles of host mRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs associated with C. baileyi infection were investigated for the first time. Results The tracheal tissues of experimental (C. baileyi infection) and control chickens were collected for deep RNA sequencing, and 545,479,934 clean reads were obtained. Of them, 1376 novel lncRNAs were identified, including 1161 long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs) and 215 anti-sense lncRNAs. A total of 124 lncRNAs were found to be significantly differentially expressed between the experimental and control groups. Additionally, 14,698 mRNAs and 9085 circRNAs were identified, and significantly different expressions were observed for 1317 mRNAs and 104 circRNAs between two groups. Bioinformatic analyses of gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway for their targets and source genes suggested that these dysregulated genes may be involved in the interaction between the host and C. baileyi. Conclusions The present study revealed the expression profiles of mRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs during C. baileyi infection for the first time, and sheds lights on the roles of lncRNAs and circRNAs underlying the pathogenesis of Cryptosporidium infection. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4754-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Jing Ren
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xian-Cheng Fan
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Ting-Li Liu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Sha-Sha Wang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Guang-Hui Zhao
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
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Mirhashemi ME, Noubary F, Chapman-Bonofiglio S, Tzipori S, Huggins GS, Widmer G. Transcriptome analysis of pig intestinal cell monolayers infected with Cryptosporidium parvum asexual stages. Parasit Vectors 2018. [PMID: 29530089 PMCID: PMC5848449 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2754-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human cryptosporidiosis is caused primarily by two species of apicomplexan protozoa, Cryptosporidium parvum and C. hominis. In cultured cell monolayers, the parasite undergoes two generations of asexual multiplication (merogony). However, the proportion of parasites completing the life-cycle is low and insufficient to sustain continuous propagation. Due to the intracellular location of meronts and later life-cycle stages, oocyst and sporozoites are the only forms of the parasite that can readily be isolated. Results Research on the replicating forms of Cryptosporidium parasites and their interaction with the host cell remains challenging. Based on an RNA-Seq analysis of monolayers of pig epithelial cells infected with C. parvum, here we report on the impact of merogony on the host’s gene regulation. Analysis of the transcriptome of infected and uninfected monolayers demonstrates a significant impact of the infection on host cell gene expression. A total of 813 genes were differentially expressed. Functional terms significantly altered in response to infection include phosphoprotein, RNA binding and acetylation. Upregulation of cell cycle pathways indicates an increase in mitosis. Notably absent from differentially enriched functional categories are stress- and apoptosis-related functions. The comparison of the combined host-parasite transcriptome reveals that C. parvum gene expression is less diverse than the host cell transcriptome and is highly enriched for genes encoding ribosomal functions, such as ribosomal proteins. Conclusions These results indicate that C. parvum infection significantly changes host biological functions and provide new insight into gene functions driving early C. parvum intracellular development. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-2754-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Ezzaty Mirhashemi
- Clinical and Translational Institute, Sackler School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111, USA.,Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, Building 20, 200 Westborough Avenue, North Grafton, Massachusetts, 01536, USA
| | - Farzad Noubary
- Clinical and Translational Institute, Sackler School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111, USA
| | - Susan Chapman-Bonofiglio
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, Building 20, 200 Westborough Avenue, North Grafton, Massachusetts, 01536, USA
| | - Saul Tzipori
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, Building 20, 200 Westborough Avenue, North Grafton, Massachusetts, 01536, USA
| | - Gordon S Huggins
- Clinical and Translational Institute, Sackler School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111, USA
| | - Giovanni Widmer
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, Building 20, 200 Westborough Avenue, North Grafton, Massachusetts, 01536, USA.
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Global miRNA expression profiling of domestic cat livers following acute Toxoplasma gondii infection. Oncotarget 2018; 8:25599-25611. [PMID: 28424428 PMCID: PMC5421954 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in liver homeostasis, the extent to which they can be altered by Toxoplasma gondii infection is unknown. Here, we utilized small RNA sequencing and bioinformatic analyses to characterize miRNA expression profiles in the liver of domestic cats at 7 days after oral infection with T. gondii (Type II) strain. A total of 384 miRNAs were identified and 82 were differentially expressed, of which 33 were up-regulated and 49 down-regulated. Also, 5690 predicted host gene targets for the differentially expressed miRNAs were identified using the bioinformatic algorithm miRanda. Gene ontology analysis revealed that the predicted gene targets of the dysregulated miRNAs were significantly enriched in apoptosis. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis showed that the predicted gene targets were involved in several pathways, including acute myeloid leukemia, central carbon metabolism in cancer, choline metabolism in cancer, estrogen signaling pathway, fatty acid degradation, lysosome, nucleotide excision repair, progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation, and VEGF signaling pathway. The expression level of 6 upregulated miRNAs (mmu-miR-21a-5p, mmu-miR-20a-5p, mmu-miR-17-5p, mmu-miR-30e-3p, mmu-miR-142a-3p, and mmu-miR-106b-3p) was confirmed by stem-loop quantitative reverse transcription PCR, which yielded results consistent with the sequencing data. These findings expand our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs underlying T. gondii pathogenesis and contribute new database information on cat miRNAs, opening a new perspective on the prevention and treatment of T. gondii infection.
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46
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Ayyar KK, Reddy KVR. MAPK and NF-κB signalling pathways regulate the expression of miRNA, let-7f in human endocervical epithelial cells. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:4751-4759. [PMID: 29323736 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) mediate post-transcriptional gene suppression and are a critical component of the complex regulatory networks in epithelial immune responses. Transcription of miRNA genes in epithelial cells can be elaborately controlled through Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and associated nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, leading to nuclear transcription factor associated-transactivation and transrepression of miRNAs. MiRNA, let-7f is involved in the regulation of innate immune responses post TLR3 stimulation in human endocervical cells (End1/E6E7) and decreased let-7f is associated with poor immune activation. Thus, expression of let-7f is under strict control. However, the mechanism by which let-7f is regulated in these cells is not known. Therefore, in the present study, we have investigated the role of MAPK and NF-κB in the transcription of let-7f. We report that signalling of TLR3, results in activation of multiple signalling pathways including MAPK/ERK, JNK, p38, and NF-κB. Of these MAPK/ p38 and JNK directly influence the expression of let-7f in End1/E6E7 cells. Inhibition of ERK and NF-κB up regulates the expression of let-7f and its transcription factor, C/EBPβ. In conclusion, we have identified a system through which TLR3 mediated immune response is regulated by C/EBPβ and let-7f through the temporal activation of MAPK and NF-κB in human endocervical cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchana K Ayyar
- Division of Molecular Immunology and Microbiology, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR-NIRRH), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kudumula V R Reddy
- Division of Molecular Immunology and Microbiology, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR-NIRRH), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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47
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Croston TL, Lemons AR, Beezhold DH, Green BJ. MicroRNA Regulation of Host Immune Responses following Fungal Exposure. Front Immunol 2018; 9:170. [PMID: 29467760 PMCID: PMC5808297 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal bioaerosols are ubiquitous in the environment and human exposure can result in a variety of health effects ranging from systemic, subcutaneous, and cutaneous infections to respiratory morbidity including allergy, asthma, and hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Recent research has focused on the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) following fungal exposure and is overlooked, yet important, group of regulators capable of influencing fungal immune responses through a variety of cellular mechanisms. These small non-coding ribose nucleic acids function to regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and have been shown to participate in multiple disease pathways including cancer, heart disease, apoptosis, as well as immune responses to microbial hazards and occupational allergens. Recent animal model studies have characterized miRNAs following the exposure to inflammatory stimuli. Studies focused on microbial exposure, including bacterial infections, as well as exposure to different allergens have shown miRNAs, such as miR-21, miR-146, miR-132, miR-155, and the let-7 family members, to be involved in immune and inflammatory responses. Interestingly, the few studies have assessed that the miRNA profiles following fungal exposure have identified the same critical miRNAs that have been characterized in other inflammatory-mediated and allergy-induced experimental models. Review of available in vitro, animal and human studies of exposures to Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, and Stachybotrys chartarum identified several miRNAs that were shared between responses to these species including miR-125 a/b (macrophage polarization/activation), miR-132 [toll-like receptor (TLR)2-mediated signaling], miR-146a (TLR mediated signaling, alternative macrophage activation), and miR-29a/b (natural killer cell function, C-leptin signaling, inhibition of Th1 immune response). Although these datasets provide preliminary insight into the role of miRNAs in fungal exposed models, interpretation of miRNA datasets can be challenging for researchers. To assist in navigating this rapidly evolving field, the aim of this review is to describe miRNAs in the framework of host recognition mechanisms and provide initial insight into the regulatory pathways in response to fungal exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara L Croston
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Angela R Lemons
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Donald H Beezhold
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Brett J Green
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, United States
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48
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Ming Z, Gong AY, Wang Y, Zhang XT, Li M, Dolata CE, Chen XM. Trans-suppression of defense DEFB1 gene in intestinal epithelial cells following Cryptosporidium parvum infection is associated with host delivery of parasite Cdg7_FLc_1000 RNA. Parasitol Res 2018; 117:831-840. [PMID: 29374323 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-5759-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
To counteract host immunity, Cryptosporidium parvum has evolved multiple strategies to suppress host antimicrobial defense. One such strategy is to reduce the production of the antimicrobial peptide beta-defensin 1 (DEFB1) by host epithelial cells but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Recent studies demonstrate that a panel of parasite RNA transcripts of low protein-coding potential are delivered into infected host cells and may modulate host gene transcription. Using in vitro models of intestinal cryptosporidiosis, in this study, we analyzed the expression profile of host beta-defensin genes in host cells following infection. We found that C. parvum infection caused a significant downregulation of the DEFB1 gene. Interestingly, downregulation of DEFB1 gene was associated with host delivery of Cdg7_FLc_1000 RNA transcript, a C. parvum RNA that has previously demonstrated to be delivered into the nuclei of infected host cells. Knockdown of Cdg7_FLc_1000 in host cells could attenuate the trans-suppression of host DEFB1 gene and decreased the parasite burden. Therefore, our data suggest that trans-suppression of DEFB1 gene in intestinal epithelial cells following C. parvum infection involves host delivery of parasite Cdg7_FLc_1000 RNA, a process that may be relevant to the epithelial defense evasion by C. parvum at the early stage of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenping Ming
- Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Criss III, Room 352, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA
| | - Ai-Yu Gong
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Criss III, Room 352, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Criss III, Room 352, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA
| | - Xin-Tian Zhang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Criss III, Room 352, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA
| | - Min Li
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Criss III, Room 352, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA
| | - Courtney E Dolata
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Criss III, Room 352, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA
| | - Xian-Ming Chen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Criss III, Room 352, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA.
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49
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Nuclear delivery of parasite Cdg2_FLc_0220 RNA transcript to epithelial cells during Cryptosporidium parvum infection modulates host gene transcription. Vet Parasitol 2017; 251:27-33. [PMID: 29426472 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal infection by the zoonotic protozoan, Cryptosporidium parvum, causes significant alterations in the gene expression profile in host epithelial cells. The molecular mechanisms of how C. parvum may modulate host cell gene transcription and the pathological significance of such alterations are largely unclear. Previous studies demonstrate that a panel of parasite RNA transcripts are delivered into infected host cells and may modulate host gene transcription. Using in vitro models of intestinal cryptosporidiosis, in this study, we analyzed the impact of host delivery of C. parvum Cdg2_FLc_0220 RNA transcript on host gene expression profile. We found that alterations in host gene expression profile following C. parvum infection were partially associated with the nuclear delivery of Cdg2_FLc_0220. Specifically, we identified a total of 46 overlapping upregulated genes and 8 overlapping downregulated genes in infected cells and cells transfected with Full-Cdg2_FLc_0220. Trans-suppression of the DAZ interacting zinc finger protein 1 like (DZIP1L) gene, the top overlapping downregulated gene in host cells following C. parvum infection and cells transfected with Full-Cdg2_FLc_0220, was mediated by G9a, independent of PRDM1. Cdg2_FLc_0220-mediated trans-suppression of the DZIP1L gene was independent of H3K9 and H3K27 methylation. Data from this study provide additional evidence that delivery of C. parvum Cdg2_FLc_0220 RNA transcript in infected epithelial cells modulates the transcription of host genes, contributing to the alterations in the gene expression profile in host epithelial cells during C. parvum infection.
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50
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Wang W, Wang Y, Liu W, van Wijnen AJ. Regulation and biological roles of the multifaceted miRNA-23b (MIR23B). Gene 2017; 642:103-109. [PMID: 29101066 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.10.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important short endogenous non-coding RNAs that have critical biological roles by acting as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. Chromosomal region 9q22.32 encodes the miR-23b/27b/24-1 cluster and produces miR-23b, which is a pleiotropic modulator in many developmental processes and pathological conditions. Expression of miR-23b is actively suppressed and induced in response to many different stimuli. We discuss the biological functions and transcriptional regulation of this multifaceted miRNA in different tumor types, during development, upon viral infection, as well as in various clinical disorders, immune responses, as well as cardiovascular and thyroid functions. The combined body of work suggests that miR-23b expression is modulated by a diverse array of stimuli in cells from different lineages and participates in multiple gene regulatory feedback loops. Elevation of miR-23b levels appears to instruct cells to limit their proliferative and migratory potential, while promoting the acquisition of specialized phenotypes or protection from invading viruses and parasites. In contrast, loss of miR-23b can deregulate normal tissue homeostasis by removing constraints on cell cycle progression and cell motility. Collectively, the findings on miR-23b indicate that it is a very potent post-transcriptional regulator of growth and differentiation during development, multiple cancers and other biological processes. Understanding the regulation and activity of miR-23b has significant diagnostic value in many biological disorders and may identify cellular pathways that are amenable to therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Orthopeadics, Pu Ai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China; Department of Orthopedic Surgery & Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Yuji Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery & Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Orthopaedics, Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 29 Xinglong Alley, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weijun Liu
- Department of Orthopeadics, Pu Ai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery & Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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