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Gupta S, Biswas P, Das B, Mondal S, Gupta P, Das D, Mallick AI. Selective depletion of Campylobacter jejuni via T6SS dependent functionality: an approach for improving chickens gut health. Gut Pathog 2024; 16:38. [PMID: 38997758 PMCID: PMC11245787 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-024-00628-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The targeted depletion of potential gut pathogens is often challenging because of their intrinsic ability to thrive in harsh gut environments. Earlier, we showed that Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) exclusively uses the Type-VI Secretion System (T6SS) to target its prey such as Escherichia coli (E. coli), and phenotypic differences between T6SS-negative and T6SS-positive C. jejuni isolates toward bile salt sensitivity. However, it remains unclear how the target-driven T6SS functionality prevails in a polymicrobial gut environment. Here, we investigated the fate of microbial competition in an altered gut environment via bacterial T6SS using a T6SS-negative and -positive C. jejuni or its isogenic mutant of the hemolysin-coregulated protein (hcp). We showed that in the presence of bile salt and prey bacteria (E. coli), T6SS-positive C. jejuni experiences enhanced intracellular stress leading to cell death. Intracellular tracking of fluorophore-conjugated bile salts confirmed that T6SS-mediated bile salt influx into C. jejuni can enhance intracellular oxidative stress, affecting C. jejuni viability. We further investigated whether the T6SS activity in the presence of prey (E. coli) perturbs the in vivo colonization of C. jejuni. Using chickens as primary hosts of C. jejuni and non-pathogenic E. coli as prey, we showed a marked reduction of C. jejuni load in chickens cecum when bile salt solution was administered orally. Analysis of local antibody responses and pro-inflammatory gene expression showed a reduced risk of tissue damage, indicating that T6SS activity in the complex gut environment can be exploited as a possible measure to clear the persistent colonization of C. jejuni in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhadeep Gupta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741246, India
| | - Prakash Biswas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741246, India
| | - Bishnu Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741246, India
| | - Samiran Mondal
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700037, India
| | - Parna Gupta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741246, India
| | - Dipjyoti Das
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741246, India.
| | - Amirul Islam Mallick
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741246, India.
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Chong SKT, Liu F, Yuwono C, Tay ACY, Wehrhahn MC, Riordan SM, Liu L, Zhang L. Analysis of global Aeromonas caviae genomes revealed that strains carrying T6SS are more common in human gastroenteritis than in environmental sources and are often phylogenetically related. Microb Genom 2024; 10:001258. [PMID: 38814176 PMCID: PMC11165597 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.001258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas caviae is an emerging human enteric pathogen. However, the genomic features and virulence genes of A. caviae strains from human gastroenteritis and other sources have not been fully elucidated. Here, we conducted a genomic analysis of 565 global A. caviae strains isolated from different sources, including 261 strains isolated from faecal samples of gastroenteritis patients, of which 18 genomes were sequenced in this study. The presence of bacterial virulence genes and secretion systems in A. caviae strains from different sources was compared, and the phylogenetic relationship of A. caviae strains was assessed based on the core genome. The complete genome of A. caviae strain A20-9 isolated from a gastroenteritis patient was obtained in this study, from which 300 putative virulence factors and a T4SS-encoding plasmid, pAC, were identified. Genes encoding T4SS were also identified in a novel genomic island, ACI-1, from other T4SS-positive strains. The prevalence of T4SS was significantly lower in A. caviae strains from gastroenteritis patients than in environmental strains (3 %, P<0.0001 vs 14 %, P<0.01). Conversely, the prevalence of T6SS was significantly higher in A. caviae strains isolated from gastroenteritis patients than in environmental strains (25 %, P<0.05 vs 13 %, P<0.01). Four phylogenetic clusters were formed based on the core genome of 565 A. caviae strains, and strains carrying T6SS often showed close phylogenetic relationships. T3SS, aerolysin and thermostable cytotonic enterotoxin were absent in all 565 A. caviae strains. Our findings provide novel information on the genomic features of A. caviae and suggest that T6SS may play a role in A. caviae-induced human gastroenteritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K. T. Chong
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Fang Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Christopher Yuwono
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alfred Chin Yen Tay
- Helicobacter Research Laboratory, School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | | | - Stephen M. Riordan
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Unit, Prince of Wales Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lu Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Tikhomirova A, McNabb ER, Petterlin L, Bellamy GL, Lin KH, Santoso CA, Daye ES, Alhaddad FM, Lee KP, Roujeinikova A. Campylobacter jejuni virulence factors: update on emerging issues and trends. J Biomed Sci 2024; 31:45. [PMID: 38693534 PMCID: PMC11064354 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-024-01033-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a very common cause of gastroenteritis, and is frequently transmitted to humans through contaminated food products or water. Importantly, C. jejuni infections have a range of short- and long-term sequelae such as irritable bowel syndrome and Guillain Barre syndrome. C. jejuni triggers disease by employing a range of molecular strategies which enable it to colonise the gut, invade the epithelium, persist intracellularly and avoid detection by the host immune response. The objective of this review is to explore and summarise recent advances in the understanding of the C. jejuni molecular factors involved in colonisation, invasion of cells, collective quorum sensing-mediated behaviours and persistence. Understanding the mechanisms that underpin the pathogenicity of C. jejuni will enable future development of effective preventative approaches and vaccines against this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Tikhomirova
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Emmylee R McNabb
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Luca Petterlin
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Georgia L Bellamy
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Kyaw H Lin
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Christopher A Santoso
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Ella S Daye
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Fatimah M Alhaddad
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Kah Peng Lee
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Anna Roujeinikova
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.
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Zhou Y, Yu L, Liu M, Liang W, Li Z, Nan Z, Kan B. Virulence, antibiotic resistance phenotypes and molecular characterisation of Vibrio furnissii isolates from patients with diarrhoea. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:412. [PMID: 38641583 PMCID: PMC11027346 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09273-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vibrio furnissii is an emerging human pathogen closely related to V. fluvialis that causes acute gastroenteritis. V. furnissii infection has been reported to be rarer than V. fluvialis, but a multi-drug resistance plasmid has recently been discovered in V. furnissii. METHODS During daily monitoring at a general hospital in Beijing, China, seven V. furnissii strains were collected from patients aged over 14 years who presented with acute diarrhoea between April and October 2018. Genome analysis and comparison were performed for virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes, plasmids and transposon islands, together with phylogenetic analysis. Antimicrobial resistance to 19 antibiotics was investigated using the microbroth dilution method. Virulence phenotypes were investigated based on type VI secretion system (T6SS) expression and using a bacterial killing assay and a haemolysin assay. RESULTS Phylogenetic analysis based on single-nucleotide polymorphisms revealed a closer relationship between V. furnissii and V. fluvialis than between other Vibrio spp. The seven V. furnissii isolates were in different monophyletic clades in the phylogenetic tree, suggesting that the seven cases of gastroenteritis were independent. High resistance to cefazolin, tetracycline and streptomycin was found in the V. furnissii isolates at respective rates of 100.0%, 57.1% and 42.9%, and intermediate resistance to ampicillin/sulbactam and imipenem was observed at respective rates of 85.7% and 85.7%. Of the tested strains, VFBJ02 was resistant to both imipenem and meropenem, while VFBJ01, VFBJ02, VFBJ05 and VFBJ07 were multi-drug resistant. Transposon islands containing antibiotic resistance genes were found on the multi-drug resistance plasmid in VFBJ05. Such transposon islands also occurred in VFBJ07 but were located on the chromosome. The virulence-related genes T6SS, vfh, hupO, vfp and ilpA were widespread in V. furnissii. The results of the virulence phenotype assays demonstrated that our isolated V. furnissii strains encoded an activated T6SS and grew in large colonies with strong beta-haemolysis on blood agar. CONCLUSION This study showed that diarrhoea associated with V. furnissii occurred sporadically and was more common than expected in the summer in Beijing, China. The antibiotic resistance of V. furnissii has unique characteristics compared with that of V. fluvialis. Fluoroquinolones and third-generation cephalosporins, such as ceftazidime and doxycycline, were effective at treating V. furnissii infection. Continua laboratory-based surveillance is needed for the prevention and control of V. furnissii infection, especially the dissemination of the antibiotic resistance genes in this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100052, China
| | - Li Yu
- Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Ming Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Department of Diarrheal Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Weili Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Department of Diarrheal Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Zhenpeng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Department of Diarrheal Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Zheng Nan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100052, China
| | - Biao Kan
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Department of Diarrheal Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China.
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Yu M, Xie F, Xu C, Yu T, Wang Y, Liang S, Dong Q, Wang L. Characterization of cytotoxic Citrobacter braakii isolated from human stomach. FEBS Open Bio 2024; 14:487-497. [PMID: 38268325 PMCID: PMC10909985 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Citrobacter braakii (C. braakii) is an anaerobic, gram-negative bacterium that has been isolated from the environment, food, and humans. Infection by C. braakii has been associated with acute mucosal inflammation in the intestine, respiratory tract, and urinary tract. However, the pathogenesis of C. braakii in the gastric mucosa has not yet been clarified. In this study, the bacterium was detected in 35.5% (61/172) of patients with chronic gastritis (CG) and was closely associated with the severity of mucosal inflammation. Citrobacter braakii P1 isolated from a patient with CG exhibited urease activity and acid resistance. It contained multiple secretion systems, including a complete type I secretion system (T1SS), T5aSS and T6SS. We then predicted the potential pilus-related adhesins. Citrobacter braakii P1 diffusely adhered to AGS cells and significantly increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release; the adhesion rate and LDH release were much lower in HEp-2 cells. Strain P1 also induced markedly increased mRNA and protein expression of IL-8 and TNF-α in AGS cells, and the fold increase was much higher than that in HEp-2 cells. Our results demonstrate proinflammatory and cytotoxic role of C. braakii in gastric epithelial cells, indicating the bacterium is potentially involved in inducing gastric mucosa inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengchao Yu
- Central Laboratories and Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal HospitalUniversity of Health and Rehabilitation SciencesQingdaoChina
| | - Fangyu Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Qingdao Municipal HospitalUniversity of Health and Rehabilitation SciencesQingdaoChina
| | - Chengzhen Xu
- Department of Chinese MedicineQingdao No. 6 People's HospitalChina
| | - Ting Yu
- Central Laboratories and Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal HospitalUniversity of Health and Rehabilitation SciencesQingdaoChina
| | - Yixuan Wang
- Central Laboratories and Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal HospitalUniversity of Health and Rehabilitation SciencesQingdaoChina
| | - Shuzhen Liang
- Central Laboratories and Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal HospitalUniversity of Health and Rehabilitation SciencesQingdaoChina
| | - Quanjiang Dong
- Central Laboratories and Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal HospitalUniversity of Health and Rehabilitation SciencesQingdaoChina
| | - Lili Wang
- Central Laboratories and Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal HospitalUniversity of Health and Rehabilitation SciencesQingdaoChina
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He Y, Kanrar S, Reed S, Lee J, Capobianco J. Whole Genome Sequences, De Novo Assembly, and Annotation of Antibiotic Resistant Campylobacter jejuni Strains S27, S33, and S36 Newly Isolated from Chicken Meat. Microorganisms 2024; 12:159. [PMID: 38257985 PMCID: PMC10818789 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter is a leading bacterial cause of gastrointestinal infections in humans and has imposed substantial medical and public health burdens worldwide. Among a total of 39 species in the Campylobacter genus, C. jejuni is the most important species responsible for approx. 90% of human Campylobacter illness. Most cases of the infection were acquired by ingesting undercooked poultry meat due to the high prevalence of Campylobacter in the products. Here, we reported the dataset of raw sequences, de novo assembled and annotated genomes of C. jejuni strains S27, S33, and S36 recently isolated from retail chicken by using PacBio highly accurate long-read sequencing technology combined with bioinformatics tools. Our data revealed several virulence and antibiotic resistance genes in each of the chromosomes, a type IV secretion system in the plasmid (pCjS33) of C. jejuni S33, and a type VI secretion system and a phage in the plasmid (pCjS36) of C. jejuni S36. This study not only provides new sequence data but also extends the knowledge pertaining to the genomic and functional aspects of this important foodborne pathogen, including the genetic determinants of virulence and antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Joseph Capobianco
- Characterization and Interventions for Foodborne Pathogens Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA; (Y.H.); (S.K.); (S.R.); (J.L.)
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Woyda R, Oladeinde A, Endale D, Strickland T, Plumblee Lawrence J, Abdo Z. Virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Campylobacter isolates recovered from consecutively reused broiler litter. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0323623. [PMID: 37882583 PMCID: PMC10871742 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03236-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Campylobacter is a leading cause of foodborne illness in the United States due to consumption of contaminated or mishandled food products, often associated with chicken meat. Campylobacter is common in the microbiota of avian and mammalian gut; however, acquisition of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and virulence factors (VFs) may result in strains that pose significant threat to public health. Although there are studies investigating the genetic diversity of Campylobacter strains isolated from post-harvest chicken samples, there are limited data on the genome characteristics of isolates recovered from preharvest broiler production. Here, we show that Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli differ in their carriage of antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors may also differ in their ability to persist in litter during consecutive grow-out of broiler flocks. We found that presence/absence of virulence factors needed for evasion of host defense mechanisms and gut colonization played an integral role in differentiating Campylobacter strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reed Woyda
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Dinku Endale
- Southeast Watershed Research Laboratory, USDA, Tifton, Georgia, USA
| | | | | | - Zaid Abdo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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Riediger M, Hoffmann K, Isberner R, Dreyer A, Tersteegen A, Marquardt P, Kaasch AJ, Zautner AE. Chimaeribacter arupi a new member of the Yersineacea family has the characteristics of a human pathogen. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1277522. [PMID: 37868348 PMCID: PMC10587679 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1277522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimaeribacter arupi (heterotypic synonym: "Nissabacter archeti") is a facultative anaerobic, newly described Gram-negative rod and belongs to the Yersineacea family. Here, we report the case of a 19-month-old female infant patient who presented to the emergency unit with somnolence and fever. C. arupi was isolated from a positive blood culture, taken via an implanted Broviac catheter, proving a bloodstream infection by the pathogen. The objective of this study was to utilize whole genome sequencing to assess the genes encoding potential virulence associated factors, which may play a role in host tropism, tissue invasion and the subsequent stages in the pathogenesis of a bloodstream infection with C. arupi. The genome of the isolate was completely sequenced employing Illumina MiSeq and Nanopore MinION sequencing and the presumptive virulence associated factors and antimicrobial resistance genes were investigated in more detail. Additionally, we performed metabolic profiling and susceptibility testing by microdilution. The presence of predicted TcfC-like α-Pili suggests that C. arupi is highly adapted to humans as a host. It utilizes flagellar and type IV pili-mediated motility, as well as a number of γ1-pili and a σ-pilus, which may be used to facilitate biofilm formation and adherence to host epithelia. Additionally, long polar fimbriae may aid in tissue invasion. The bacterium possesses antioxidant factors, which may enable temporary survival in phagolysosomes, and a capsule that potentially provides protection from phagocytosis. It may acquire iron ions from erythrocytes through the type 6 secretion system and hemolysins. Furthermore, the isolate exhibits beta-lactamase-mediated penicillin and aminopenicillin resistance. Based on the analysis of the whole genome, we conclude that C. arupi possesses virulence factors associated with tissue invasion and may thus be a potential opportunistic pathogen of bloodstream infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Riediger
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Krankenhaushygiene, Medizinische Fakultät der Otto-von-Guericke Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Hoffmann
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Krankenhaushygiene, Medizinische Fakultät der Otto-von-Guericke Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Riekje Isberner
- Universitätskinderklinik, Medizinische Fakultät der Otto-von-Guericke Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Annika Dreyer
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Virologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Aljoscha Tersteegen
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Krankenhaushygiene, Medizinische Fakultät der Otto-von-Guericke Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Pauline Marquardt
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Krankenhaushygiene, Medizinische Fakultät der Otto-von-Guericke Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Achim J. Kaasch
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Krankenhaushygiene, Medizinische Fakultät der Otto-von-Guericke Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Health and Medical Prevention (CHaMP), Center for Health and Medical Prevention, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Andreas E. Zautner
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Krankenhaushygiene, Medizinische Fakultät der Otto-von-Guericke Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Health and Medical Prevention (CHaMP), Center for Health and Medical Prevention, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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Katz A, Porte L, Weitzel T, Varela C, Muñoz-Rehbein C, Ugalde JA, Grim C, González-Escalona N, Blondel CJ, Bravo V. Whole-genome sequencing reveals changes in genomic diversity and distinctive repertoires of T3SS and T6SS effector candidates in Chilean clinical Campylobacter strains. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1208825. [PMID: 37520433 PMCID: PMC10374022 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1208825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter is the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide and an emerging and neglected pathogen in South America. This zoonotic pathogen colonizes the gastrointestinal tract of a wide range of mammals and birds, with poultry as the most important reservoir for human infections. Apart from its high morbidity rates, the emergence of resistant strains is of global concern. The aims of this work were to determine genetic diversity, presence of antimicrobial resistance determinants and virulence potential of Campylobacter spp. isolated from patients with acute gastrointestinal disease at 'Clinica Alemana', Santiago de Chile. The study considered the isolation of Campylobacter spp., from stool samples during a 20-month period (January 2020 to September 2021). We sequenced (NextSeq, Illumina) and performed an in-depth analysis of the genome sequences of 88 Campylobacter jejuni and 2 Campylobacter coli strains isolated from clinical samples in Chile. We identified a high genetic diversity among C. jejuni strains and the emergence of prevalent clonal complexes, which were not identified in our previous reports. While ~40% of strains harbored a mutation in the gyrA gene associated with fluoroquinolone resistance, no macrolide-resistance determinants were detected. Interestingly, gene clusters encoding virulence factors such as the T6SS or genes associated with long-term sequelae such as Guillain-Barré syndrome showed lineage-relatedness. In addition, our analysis revealed a high degree of variability regarding the presence of fT3SS and T6SS effector proteins in comparison to type strains 81-176, F38011, and NCTC 11168 and 488. Our study provides important insights into the molecular epidemiology of this emerging foodborne pathogen. In addition, the differences observed regarding the repertoire of fT3SS and T6SS effector proteins could have an impact on the pathogenic potential and transmissibility of these Latin American isolates, posing another challenge in characterizing the infection dynamics of this emergent and neglected bacterial pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assaf Katz
- Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lorena Porte
- Laboratorio Clínico, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Thomas Weitzel
- Laboratorio Clínico, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina (ICIM), Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carmen Varela
- Laboratorio Clínico, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristina Muñoz-Rehbein
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan A. Ugalde
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christopher Grim
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Narjol González-Escalona
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Carlos J. Blondel
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina y Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Verónica Bravo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Aplicadas (CIBAP), Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Woyda R, Oladeinde A, Endale D, Strickland T, Lawrence JP, Abdo Z. Broiler house environment and litter management practices impose selective pressures on antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence factors of Campylobacter. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.02.526821. [PMID: 36778422 PMCID: PMC9915665 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.02.526821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Campylobacter infections are a leading cause of bacterial diarrhea in humans globally. Infections are due to consumption of contaminated food products and are highly associated with chicken meat, with chickens being an important reservoir for Campylobacter. Here, we characterized the genetic diversity of Campylobacter species detected in broiler chicken litter over three consecutive flocks and determined their antimicrobial resistance and virulence factor profiles. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole genome sequencing were performed on Campylobacter jejuni (n = 39) and Campylobacter coli (n = 5) isolates. All C. jejuni isolates were susceptible to all antibiotics tested while C. coli (n =4) were resistant to only tetracycline and harbored the tetracycline-resistant ribosomal protection protein (TetO). Virulence factors differed within and across grow houses but were explained by the isolates' flock cohort, species and multilocus sequence type. Virulence factors involved in the ability to invade and colonize host tissues and evade host defenses were absent from flock cohort 3 C. jejuni isolates as compared to flock 1 and 2 isolates. Our results show that virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance genes differed by the isolates' multilocus sequence type and by the flock cohort they were present in. These data suggest that the house environment and litter management practices performed imposed selective pressures on antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence factors. In particular, the absence of key virulence factors within the final flock cohort 3 isolates suggests litter reuse selected for Campylobacter strains that are less likely to colonize the chicken host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reed Woyda
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Dinku Endale
- Southeast Watershed Research Laboratory, USDA, Tifton, GA, 31793
| | | | | | - Zaid Abdo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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Gabbert AD, Mydosh JL, Talukdar PK, Gloss LM, McDermott JE, Cooper KK, Clair GC, Konkel ME. The Missing Pieces: The Role of Secretion Systems in Campylobacter jejuni Virulence. Biomolecules 2023; 13:135. [PMID: 36671522 PMCID: PMC9856085 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is likely the most common bacterial cause of gastroenteritis worldwide, responsible for millions of cases of inflammatory diarrhea characterized by severe abdominal cramps and blood in the stool. Further, C. jejuni infections are associated with post-infection sequelae in developed countries and malnutrition and growth-stunting in low- and middle-income countries. Despite the increasing prevalence of the disease, campylobacteriosis, and the recognition that this pathogen is a serious health threat, our understanding of C. jejuni pathogenesis remains incomplete. In this review, we focus on the Campylobacter secretion systems proposed to contribute to host-cell interactions and survival in the host. Moreover, we have applied a genomics approach to defining the structural and mechanistic features of C. jejuni type III, IV, and VI secretion systems. Special attention is focused on the flagellar type III secretion system and the prediction of putative effectors, given that the proteins exported via this system are essential for host cell invasion and the inflammatory response. We conclude that C. jejuni does not possess a type IV secretion system and relies on the type III and type VI secretion systems to establish a niche and potentiate disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber D. Gabbert
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Mydosh
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Prabhat K. Talukdar
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Lisa M. Gloss
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Jason E. McDermott
- Integrative Omics, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Kerry K. Cooper
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Geremy C. Clair
- Integrative Omics, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Michael E. Konkel
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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Buiatte ABG, de Melo RT, Peres PABM, Bastos CM, Grazziotin AL, Armendaris Rodriguez PM, Barreto F, Rossi DA. Virulence, antimicrobial resistance, and dissemination of Campylobacter coli isolated from chicken carcasses in Brazil. Food Control 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2023.109613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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13
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Batista R, Saraiva M, Lopes T, Silveira L, Coelho A, Furtado R, Castro R, Correia CB, Rodrigues D, Henriques P, Lóio S, Soeiro V, da Costa PM, Oleastro M, Pista A. Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterization of Pathogenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Campylobacter spp., in Free-Living Birds in Mainland Portugal. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:223. [PMID: 36612545 PMCID: PMC9819048 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Birds are potential carriers of pathogens affecting humans and agriculture. Aiming to evaluate the occurrence of the top three most important foodborne pathogens in free-living birds in Portugal, we investigated 108 individual fecal samples from free-living birds and one pooled sample of gull feces (n = 50) for the presence of Escherichia coli (pathogenic and non-pathogenic), Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter spp. Virulence- and antimicrobial resistance- (AMR) associated genes were detected by PCR and Whole-Genome Sequencing (WGS), and phenotypic (serotyping and AMR profiles) characterization was performed. Overall, 8.9% of samples tested positive for pathogenic E. coli, 2.8% for Salmonella spp., and 9.9% for Campylobacter spp. AMR was performed on all pathogenic isolates and in a fraction of non-pathogenic E. coli, being detected in 25.9% of them. Ten of the tested E. coli isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR), and seven of them were Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producers. Among Salmonella (n = 3) and Campylobacter (n = 9), only one strain of C. jejuni was identified as MDR. Most of the identified serotypes/sequence types had already been found to be associated with human disease. These results show that free-living birds in Portugal may act as carriers of foodborne pathogens linked to human disease, some of them resistant to critically important antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Batista
- Food Microbiology Laboratory, Food and Nutrition Department, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Margarida Saraiva
- Food Microbiology Laboratory, Food and Nutrition Department, Rua Alexandre Herculano 321, 4000-055 Oporto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Lopes
- Food Microbiology Laboratory, Food and Nutrition Department, Rua Alexandre Herculano 321, 4000-055 Oporto, Portugal
| | - Leonor Silveira
- National Reference Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Infections, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Anabela Coelho
- Food Microbiology Laboratory, Food and Nutrition Department, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rosália Furtado
- Food Microbiology Laboratory, Food and Nutrition Department, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rita Castro
- National Reference Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Infections, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristina Belo Correia
- Food Microbiology Laboratory, Food and Nutrition Department, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - David Rodrigues
- ESAC-IPC, Coimbra College of Agriculture, Polytechnic of Coimbra, 3045-601 Coimbra, Portugal
- CEF, Forest Research Centre, Edifício Prof. Azevedo Gomes, ISA, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro Henriques
- ESAC-IPC, Coimbra College of Agriculture, Polytechnic of Coimbra, 3045-601 Coimbra, Portugal
- Espaço de Visitação e Observação de Aves, 2600 Vila Franca de Xira, Portugal
| | - Sara Lóio
- Centro de Recuperação de Fauna do Parque Biológico de Gaia, Rua da Cunha, Avintes, 4430-812 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Soeiro
- Centro de Recuperação de Fauna do Parque Biológico de Gaia, Rua da Cunha, Avintes, 4430-812 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Paulo Martins da Costa
- ICBAS—Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Oporto, Portugal
| | - Mónica Oleastro
- National Reference Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Infections, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Angela Pista
- National Reference Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Infections, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
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14
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Cai H, Yu J, Qiao Y, Ma Y, Zheng J, Lin M, Yan Q, Huang L. Effect of the Type VI Secretion System Secreted Protein Hcp on the Virulence of Aeromonas salmonicida. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122307. [PMID: 36557560 PMCID: PMC9784854 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas salmonicida, a psychrophilic bacterial pathogen, is widely distributed in marine freshwater, causing serious economic losses to major salmon farming areas in the world. At present, it is still one of the most important pathogens threatening salmon farming. Hcp (haemolysin-coregulated protein) is an effector protein in the type-VI secretion system (T6SS), which is secreted by T6SS and functions as its structural component. The results of our previous genomic sequencing showed that hcp existed in the mesophilic A. salmonicida SRW-OG1 isolated from naturally infected Epinephelus coioides. To further explore the role of Hcp in A. salmonicida SRW-OG1, we constructed an hcp-RNAi strain and verified its effect on the virulence of A. salmonicida. The results showed that compared with the wild strain, the hcp-RNAi strain suffered from different degrees of decreased adhesion, growth, biofilm formation, extracellular product secretion, and virulence. It was suggested that hcp may be an important virulence gene of A. salmonicida SRW-OG1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Cai
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Fisheries College, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Jiaying Yu
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Fisheries College, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Ying Qiao
- Fourth Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, No. 26, New Century Avenue, Beihai 536000, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Fisheries College, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Jiang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Fisheries College, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Mao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Fisheries College, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Qingpi Yan
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Fisheries College, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
- Correspondence: (Q.Y.); (L.H.)
| | - Lixing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Fisheries College, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
- Correspondence: (Q.Y.); (L.H.)
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15
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Robinson L, Liaw J, Omole Z, Corcionivoschi N, Hachani A, Gundogdu O. In silico investigation of the genus Campylobacter type VI secretion system reveals genetic diversity in organization and putative effectors. Microb Genom 2022; 8:mgen000898. [PMID: 36314601 PMCID: PMC9676060 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial type VI secretion systems (T6SSs) are contractile nanomachines that deliver proteinic substrates into target prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells and the surrounding milieu. The genus Campylobacter encompasses 39 recognized species and 13 subspecies, with many belonging to a group known as ‘emerging Campylobacter pathogens’. Within Campylobacter , seven species have been identified to harbour a complete T6SS cluster but have yet to be comparatively assessed. In this study, using systematic bioinformatics approaches and the T6SS-positive Campylobacter jejuni 488 strain as a reference, we explored the genus-wide prevalence, similarity and make-up of the T6SS amongst 372 publicly available ‘complete’ Campylobacter genomes. Our analyses predict that approximately one-third of Campylobacter species possess a T6SS. We also putatively report the first identification of a T6SS in four species: Campylobacter cuniculorum, Campylobacter helveticus, Campylobacter armoricus and Campylobacter ornithocola . The Campylobacter T6SSs cluster into three distinct organizations (I–III), of which two break down into further variants. Thirty T6SS-containing genomes were found to harbour more than one vgrG gene, with Campylobacter lari strain NCTC 11845 possessing five. Analysis of the C. jejuni Pathogenicity Island-1 confirmed its conservation amongst T6SS-positive C. jejuni strains, as well as highlighting its diverse genetic composition, including additional putative effector–immunity pairs (e.g. PoNe and DUF1911 domains). Effector–immunity pairs were also observed neighbouring vgrG s in several other Campylobacter species, in addition to putative genes encoding nucleases, lysozymes, ATPases and a ferric ATP-binding cassette uptake system. These observations highlight the diverse genetic make-up of the T6SS within Campylobacter and provide further evidence of its role in pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Robinson
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Janie Liaw
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Zahra Omole
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Nicolae Corcionivoschi
- Bacteriology Branch, Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, UK
- Bioengineering of Animal Resources, University of Life Sciences – King Mihai I of Romania from Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Abderrahman Hachani
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ozan Gundogdu
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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16
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Cao X, van de Lest CH, Huang LZ, van Putten JP, Wösten MM. Campylobacter jejuni permeabilizes the host cell membrane by short chain lysophosphatidylethanolamines. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2091371. [PMID: 35797141 PMCID: PMC9272830 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2091371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysophospholipids (LPLs) are crucial for regulating epithelial integrity and homeostasis in eukaryotes, however the effects of LPLs produced by bacteria on host cells is largely unknown. The membrane of the human bacterial pathogen Campylobacter jejuni is rich in LPLs. Although C. jejuni possesses several virulence factors, it lacks traditional virulence factors like type III secretion systems, present in most enteropathogens. Here, we provide evidence that membrane lipids lysophosphatidylethanolamines (lysoPEs) of C. jejuni are able to lyse erythrocytes and are toxic for HeLa and Caco-2 cells. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assays and confocal microscopy revealed that lysoPE permeabilizes the cells. LysoPE toxicity was partially rescued by oxidative stress inhibitors, indicating that intracellular reactive oxygen species may contribute to the cell damage. Our results show that especially the short-chain lysoPEs (C:14) which is abundantly present in the C. jejuni membrane may be considered as a novel virulence factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Cao
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Liane Z.X. Huang
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jos P.M. van Putten
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marc M.S.M. Wösten
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands,CONTACT Marc M.S.M. Wösten Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL, Utrecht, Netherlands
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17
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Castillo-Contreras R, Marín M, López-Olvera JR, Ayats T, Fernandez Aguilar X, Lavín S, Mentaberre G, Cerdà-Cuéllar M. Zoonotic Campylobacter spp. and Salmonella spp. carried by wild boars in a metropolitan area: occurrence, antimicrobial susceptibility and public health relevance. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 822:153444. [PMID: 35092769 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Campylobacter spp. and Salmonella spp. are the most reported zoonotic agents in Europe. They can be transmitted from wildlife to humans, and wild boars (Sus scrofa) can harbour them. In the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona (MAB, NE Spain) wild boars are found in urbanized areas. To assess the potential public health risk of this increasing wild boar population, we collected stool samples from 130 wild boars from the MAB (June 2015 - February 2016), to determine the Campylobacter and Salmonella occurrence and the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates. We also investigated the genetic diversity and virulence potential of Campylobacter. Campylobacter prevalence in wild boars was 61%. Forty six percent of wild boars carried Campylobacter lanienae, 16% carried Campylobacter coli, and 1% carried Campylobacter hyointestinalis; 4% carried both C. lanienae and C. coli, and 1% carried both C. lanienae and C. hyointestinalis. This is the first report of C. hyointestinalis in wildlife in Spain. Using pulse-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing, we observed a high genetic diversity of Campylobacter and identified new sequence types. Thirty-three percent of C. coli and 14% of C. lanienae isolates showed a high virulence potential. All of the Campylobacter isolates analysed were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent. Multidrug resistance was only detected in C. coli (67%). Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica was detected in four wild boars (3%) and included a S. Enteritidis serovar (1/4 wild boars) and a multidrug-resistant (ASSuT) monophasic S. Typhimurium serovar (1/4 wild boars) which is associated with human infections and pig meat in Europe. The characteristics of some of the Campylobacter and Salmonella isolates recovered suggest an anthropogenic origin. Wild boars are a reservoir of Campylobacter and have the potential to spread antimicrobial resistant Campylobacter and Salmonella in urbanized areas in the MAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Castillo-Contreras
- Wildlife Ecology and Health group (WE&H) and Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Marín
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Ramón López-Olvera
- Wildlife Ecology and Health group (WE&H) and Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Ayats
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Fernandez Aguilar
- Wildlife Ecology and Health group (WE&H) and Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santiago Lavín
- Wildlife Ecology and Health group (WE&H) and Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gregorio Mentaberre
- Wildlife Ecology and Health group (WE&H) and Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; Serra Húnter fellow; Wildlife Ecology & Health group (WE&H) and Departament de Ciència Animal, Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria Agrària (ETSEA), Universitat de Lleida (UdL), Av. Rovira Roure 191, E-25098 Lleida, Spain
| | - Marta Cerdà-Cuéllar
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; OIE Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-Emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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18
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Javed K, Gul F, Abbasi R, Batool S, Noreen Z, Bokhari H, Javed S. In Silico and In Vitro Analysis of Helicobacter pullorum Type Six Secretory Protein Hcp and Its Role in Bacterial Invasion and Pathogenesis. Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:195. [PMID: 35593885 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-02892-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pullorum is a human zoonotic pathogen transmitted through poultry where it is associated with vibrionic hepatitis and colitis. Hemolysin co-regulated protein (Hcp) is an important structural as well as effector protein of type six secretory system; however, its role in H. pullorum invasion and pathogenesis has not been elucidated. In this study, we predicted the Helicobacter pullorum Hcp (HpuHcp) structure and identified Campylobacter jejuni Hcp (CjHcp) as its nearest homologue. Analysis of the predicted structure shows several common bacterial Hcp motifs like Protein kinase C phosphorylation site, Casein kinase II phosphorylation site, N-myristoylation site, cAMP-and cCGMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylation site, N-glycosylation site. The presence of unique microbodies C-terminal targeting signal domain was present in HpuHcp which was seen for the first time in CjHcp. This could indicate that Hcp is a structural protein as well as a secretory protein. Moreover, the presence of a deamidase domain, similar to the tecA of Burkholderia cenocepacia an opportunistic pathogen, may help in bacterial internalization as it depolymerises the membranous actin by deamidation of the host cell Rho GTPases cdc42 and Rac1, which was supported by increased invasion of hepatocytes by Hcp-positive isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashaf Javed
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Farzana Gul
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rashda Abbasi
- Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sidra Batool
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan.,Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Zobia Noreen
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Habib Bokhari
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan.,Bioscience Department, Kohsar University Murree, Near Kashmir Point, Murree, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Sundus Javed
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan.
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19
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Liyanapathiranage P, Wagner N, Avram O, Pupko T, Potnis N. Phylogenetic Distribution and Evolution of Type VI Secretion System in the Genus Xanthomonas. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:840308. [PMID: 35495725 PMCID: PMC9048695 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.840308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The type VI secretion system (T6SS) present in many Gram-negative bacteria is a contact-dependent apparatus that can directly deliver secreted effectors or toxins into diverse neighboring cellular targets including both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Recent reverse genetics studies with T6 core gene loci have indicated the importance of functional T6SS toward overall competitive fitness in various pathogenic Xanthomonas spp. To understand the contribution of T6SS toward ecology and evolution of Xanthomonas spp., we explored the distribution of the three distinguishable T6SS clusters, i3*, i3***, and i4, in approximately 1,740 Xanthomonas genomes, along with their conservation, genetic organization, and their evolutionary patterns in this genus. Screening genomes for core genes of each T6 cluster indicated that 40% of the sequenced strains possess two T6 clusters, with combinations of i3*** and i3* or i3*** and i4. A few strains of Xanthomonas citri, Xanthomonas phaseoli, and Xanthomonas cissicola were the exception, possessing a unique combination of i3* and i4. The findings also indicated clade-specific distribution of T6SS clusters. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that T6SS clusters i3* and i3*** were probably acquired by the ancestor of the genus Xanthomonas, followed by gain or loss of individual clusters upon diversification into subsequent clades. T6 i4 cluster has been acquired in recent independent events by group 2 xanthomonads followed by its spread via horizontal dissemination across distinct clades across groups 1 and 2 xanthomonads. We also noted reshuffling of the entire core T6 loci, as well as T6SS spike complex components, hcp and vgrG, among different species. Our findings indicate that gain or loss events of specific T6SS clusters across Xanthomonas phylogeny have not been random.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naama Wagner
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Oren Avram
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tal Pupko
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Neha Potnis
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
- *Correspondence: Neha Potnis,
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The cost of bacterial predation via type VI secretion system leads to predator extinction under environmental stress. iScience 2021; 24:103507. [PMID: 34934926 PMCID: PMC8654991 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As a common gut pathogen, Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) harbors the Type VI Secretion System (T6SS) that injects toxic effectors into neighboring cells, modulating microbial competitions in the harsh gut environment. Using bile salt as a natural stressor and T6SS-positive C. jejuni as a predator, we show that T6SS activity could entail a cost during bacterial predation under environmental stress. Our data suggest bile salt influx and subsequent DNA damage due to the prey-driven activation of the T6SS. We further combined experiments and mathematical modeling to explore how the stress-induced “predation cost” determines ecological outcomes. Consistent with a population-dynamics model, we found predator extinction above a critical bile salt concentration and prey-predator coexistence below this level. Moreover, we utilized the predation cost as an effective strategy facilitating host defense against C. jejuni infection. Together, we elucidate how predator dominance versus extinction emerges from the interplay between environmental stress and the T6SS machinery. Campylobacter jejuni uses Type VI secretion system (T6SS) to kill prey bacteria Under bile salt stress, activated T6SS may promote bile salt uptake and DNA damage T6SS-dependent predation by C. jejuni thus entails a “predation cost” under stress The predation cost leads to predator extinction and host defense against C. jejuni
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21
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Gallegos-Monterrosa R, Coulthurst SJ. The ecological impact of a bacterial weapon: microbial interactions and the Type VI secretion system. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 45:fuab033. [PMID: 34156081 PMCID: PMC8632748 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuab033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria inhabit all known ecological niches and establish interactions with organisms from all kingdoms of life. These interactions are mediated by a wide variety of mechanisms and very often involve the secretion of diverse molecules from the bacterial cells. The Type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a bacterial protein secretion system that uses a bacteriophage-like machinery to secrete a diverse array of effectors, usually translocating them directly into neighbouring cells. These effectors display toxic activity in the recipient cell, making the T6SS an effective weapon during inter-bacterial competition and interactions with eukaryotic cells. Over the last two decades, microbiology research has experienced a shift towards using systems-based approaches to study the interactions between diverse organisms and their communities in an ecological context. Here, we focus on this aspect of the T6SS. We consider how our perspective of the T6SS has developed and examine what is currently known about the impact that bacteria deploying the T6SS can have in diverse environments, including niches associated with plants, insects and mammals. We consider how T6SS-mediated interactions can affect host organisms by shaping their microbiota, as well as the diverse interactions that can be established between different microorganisms through the deployment of this versatile secretion system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah J Coulthurst
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
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22
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van Vliet AHM, Charity OJ, Reuter M. A Campylobacter integrative and conjugative element with a CRISPR-Cas9 system targeting competing plasmids: a history of plasmid warfare? Microb Genom 2021; 7. [PMID: 34766904 PMCID: PMC8743540 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial genomes are highly adaptable, with mobile genetic elements (MGEs) such as integrative conjugative elements (ICEs) mediating the dissemination of new genetic information throughout bacterial populations. This is countered by defence mechanisms such as CRISPR-Cas systems, which limit invading MGEs by sequence-specific targeting. Here we report the distribution of the pVir, pTet and PCC42 plasmids and a new 70–129 kb ICE (CampyICE1) in the foodborne bacterial pathogens Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. CampyICE1 contains a degenerated Type II-C CRISPR system consisting of a sole Cas9 protein, which is distinct from the previously described Cas9 proteins from C. jejuni and C. coli. CampyICE1 is conserved in structure and gene order, containing blocks of genes predicted to be involved in recombination, regulation and conjugation. CampyICE1 was detected in 134/5829 (2.3 %) C. jejuni genomes and 92/1347 (6.8 %) C. coli genomes. Similar ICEs were detected in a number of non-jejuni/coli Campylobacter species, although these lacked a CRISPR-Cas system. CampyICE1 carries three separate short CRISPR spacer arrays containing a combination of 108 unique spacers and 16 spacer-variant families. A total of 69 spacers and 10 spacer-variant families (63.7 %) were predicted to target Campylobacter plasmids. The presence of a functional CampyICE1 Cas9 protein and matching anti-plasmid spacers was associated with the absence of the pVir, pTet and pCC42 plasmids (188/214 genomes, 87.9 %), suggesting that the CampyICE1-encoded CRISPR-Cas has contributed to the exclusion of competing plasmids. In conclusion, the characteristics of the CRISPR-Cas9 system on CampyICE1 suggests a history of plasmid warfare in Campylobacter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnoud H M van Vliet
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Oliver J Charity
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Microbes in the Food Chain programme, Norwich, UK
| | - Mark Reuter
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Microbes in the Food Chain programme, Norwich, UK
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23
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Lopes GV, Ramires T, Kleinubing NR, Scheik LK, Fiorentini ÂM, Padilha da Silva W. Virulence factors of foodborne pathogen Campylobacterjejuni. Microb Pathog 2021; 161:105265. [PMID: 34699927 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a highly frequent cause of gastrointestinal foodborne disease in humans throughout the world. Disease outcomes vary from mild to severe diarrhea, and in rare cases the Guillain-Barré syndrome or reactive arthritis can develop as a post-infection complication. Transmission to humans usually occurs via the consumption of a range of foods, especially those associated with the consumption of raw or undercooked poultry meat, unpasteurized milk, and water-based environmental sources. When associated to food or water ingestion, the C. jejuni enters the human host intestine via the oral route and colonizes the distal ileum and colon. When it adheres and colonizes the intestinal cell surfaces, the C. jejuni is expected to express several putative virulence factors, which cause damage to the intestine either directly, by cell invasion and/or production of toxin(s), or indirectly, by triggering inflammatory responses. This review article highlights various C. jejuni characteristics - such as motility and chemotaxis - that contribute to the biological fitness of the pathogen, as well as factors involved in human host cell adhesion and invasion, and their potential role in the development of the disease. We have analyzed and critically discussed nearly 180 scientific articles covering the latest improvements in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciela Volz Lopes
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Caixa Postal 354, 96160-000, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Tassiana Ramires
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Caixa Postal 354, 96160-000, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Natalie Rauber Kleinubing
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Caixa Postal 354, 96160-000, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Letícia Klein Scheik
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Caixa Postal 354, 96160-000, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Ângela Maria Fiorentini
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Caixa Postal 354, 96160-000, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Wladimir Padilha da Silva
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Caixa Postal 354, 96160-000, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
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24
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Defending against the Type Six Secretion System: beyond Immunity Genes. Cell Rep 2021; 33:108259. [PMID: 33053336 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The bacterial type six secretion system (T6SS) delivers toxic effector proteins into neighboring cells, but bacteria must protect themselves against their own T6SS. Immunity genes are the best-characterized defenses, protecting against specific cognate effectors. However, the prevalence of the T6SS and the coexistence of species with heterologous T6SSs suggest evolutionary pressure selecting for additional defenses against it. Here we review defenses against the T6SS beyond self-associated immunity genes, such as diverse stress responses that can recognize T6SS-inflicted damage and coordinate induction of molecular armor, repair pathways, and overall survival. Some of these stress responses are required for full survival even in the presence of immunity genes. Finally, we propose that immunity gene-independent protection is, mechanistically, bacterial innate immunity and that such defenses and the T6SS have co-evolved and continue to shape one another in polymicrobial communities.
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25
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Gorain C, Khan A, Singh A, Mondal S, Mallick AI. Bioengineering of LAB vector expressing Haemolysin co-regulated protein (Hcp): a strategic approach to control gut colonization of Campylobacter jejuni in a murine model. Gut Pathog 2021; 13:48. [PMID: 34330327 PMCID: PMC8323230 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-021-00444-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) is accountable for more than 400 million cases of gastroenteritis each year and is listed as a high-priority gut pathogen by the World Health Organization (WHO). Although the acute infection of C. jejuni (campylobacteriosis) is commonly treated with macrolides and fluoroquinolones, the emergence of antibiotic resistance among C. jejuni warrants the need for an alternative approach to control campylobacteriosis in humans. To this end, vaccines remain a safe, effective, and widely accepted strategy for controlling emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. In search of a suitable vaccine against campylobacteriosis, recently, we demonstrated the potential of recombinant Haemolysin co-regulated protein (Hcp) of C. jejuni Type VI secretion system (T6SS) in imparting significant immune-protection against cecal colonization of C. jejuni; however, in the avian model. Since clinical features of human campylobacteriosis are more complicated than the avians, we explored the potential of Hcp as a T6SS targeted vaccine in a murine model as a more reliable and reproducible experimental host to study vaccine-induced immune-protection against C. jejuni. Because C. jejuni primarily utilizes the mucosal route for host pathogenesis, we analyzed the immunogenicity of a mucosally deliverable bioengineered Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis), expressing Hcp. Considering the role of Hcp in both structural (membrane-bound) and functional (effector protein) exhibition of C. jejuni T6SS, a head-to-head comparison of two different forms of recombinant LAB vectors (cell wall anchored and secreted form of Hcp) were tested and assessed for the immune phenotypes of each modality in BALB/c mice. Results We show that regardless of the Hcp protein localization, mucosal delivery of bioengineered LAB vector expressing Hcp induced high-level production of antigen-specific neutralizing antibody (sIgA) in the gut with the potential to reduce the cecal load of C. jejuni in mice. Conclusion Together with the non-commensal nature of L. lactis, short gut transit time in humans, and the ability to express the heterologous protein in the gut, the present study highlights the benefits of bioengineered LAB vectors based mucosal vaccine modality against C. jejuni without the risk of immunotolerance. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13099-021-00444-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Gorain
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741246, India
| | - Afruja Khan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741246, India
| | - Ankita Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741246, India
| | - Samiran Mondal
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Belgachia, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700037, India
| | - Amirul Islam Mallick
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741246, India.
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26
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Robinson L, Liaw J, Omole Z, Xia D, van Vliet AHM, Corcionivoschi N, Hachani A, Gundogdu O. Bioinformatic Analysis of the Campylobacter jejuni Type VI Secretion System and Effector Prediction. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:694824. [PMID: 34276628 PMCID: PMC8285248 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.694824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Type VI Secretion System (T6SS) has important roles relating to bacterial antagonism, subversion of host cells, and niche colonisation. Campylobacter jejuni is one of the leading bacterial causes of human gastroenteritis worldwide and is a commensal coloniser of birds. Although recently discovered, the T6SS biological functions and identities of its effectors are still poorly defined in C. jejuni. Here, we perform a comprehensive bioinformatic analysis of the C. jejuni T6SS by investigating the prevalence and genetic architecture of the T6SS in 513 publicly available genomes using C. jejuni 488 strain as reference. A unique and conserved T6SS cluster associated with the Campylobacter jejuni Integrated Element 3 (CJIE3) was identified in the genomes of 117 strains. Analyses of the T6SS-positive 488 strain against the T6SS-negative C. jejuni RM1221 strain and the T6SS-positive plasmid pCJDM202 carried by C. jejuni WP2-202 strain defined the “T6SS-containing CJIE3” as a pathogenicity island, thus renamed as Campylobacter jejuni Pathogenicity Island-1 (CJPI-1). Analysis of CJPI-1 revealed two canonical VgrG homologues, CJ488_0978 and CJ488_0998, harbouring distinct C-termini in a genetically variable region downstream of the T6SS operon. CJPI-1 was also found to carry a putative DinJ-YafQ Type II toxin-antitoxin (TA) module, conserved across pCJDM202 and the genomic island CJIE3, as well as several open reading frames functionally predicted to encode for nucleases, lipases, and peptidoglycan hydrolases. This comprehensive in silico study provides a framework for experimental characterisation of T6SS-related effectors and TA modules in C. jejuni.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Robinson
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Janie Liaw
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zahra Omole
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dong Xia
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Arnoud H M van Vliet
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolae Corcionivoschi
- Bacteriology Branch, Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, United Kingdom.,Bioengineering of Animal Science Resources, Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine - King Michael the I of Romania, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Abderrahman Hachani
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ozan Gundogdu
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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27
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Bravo V, Katz A, Porte L, Weitzel T, Varela C, Gonzalez-Escalona N, Blondel CJ. Genomic analysis of the diversity, antimicrobial resistance and virulence potential of clinical Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli strains from Chile. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009207. [PMID: 33606689 PMCID: PMC7928456 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are the leading cause of human gastroenteritis in the industrialized world and an emerging threat in developing countries. The incidence of campylobacteriosis in South America is greatly underestimated, mostly due to the lack of adequate diagnostic methods. Accordingly, there is limited genomic and epidemiological data from this region. In the present study, we performed a genome-wide analysis of the genetic diversity, virulence, and antimicrobial resistance of the largest collection of clinical C. jejuni and C. coli strains from Chile available to date (n = 81), collected in 2017–2019 in Santiago, Chile. This culture collection accounts for more than one third of the available genome sequences from South American clinical strains. cgMLST analysis identified high genetic diversity as well as 13 novel STs and alleles in both C. jejuni and C. coli. Pangenome and virulome analyses showed a differential distribution of virulence factors, including both plasmid and chromosomally encoded T6SSs and T4SSs. Resistome analysis predicted widespread resistance to fluoroquinolones, but low rates of erythromycin resistance. This study provides valuable genomic and epidemiological data and highlights the need for further genomic epidemiology studies in Chile and other South American countries to better understand molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of this emerging intestinal pathogen. Campylobacter is the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide and an emerging and neglected pathogen in South America. In this study, we performed an in-depth analysis of the genome sequences of 69 C. jejuni and 12 C. coli clinical strains isolated from Chile, which account for over a third of the sequences from clinical strains available from South America. We identified a high genetic diversity among C. jejuni strains and the unexpected identification of clade 3 C. coli strains, which are infrequently isolated from humans in other regions of the world. Most strains harbored the virulence factors described for Campylobacter. While ~40% of strains harbored mutation in the gyrA gene described to confer fluoroquinolone resistance, very few strains encoded the determinants linked to macrolide resistance, currently used for the treatment of campylobacteriosis. Our study contributes to our knowledge of this important foodborne pathogen providing valuable data from South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Bravo
- Programa Centro de Investigacion Biomedica y Aplicada, (CIBAP), Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Facultad de Medicina y Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Assaf Katz
- Programa de Biologia Celular y Molecular, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lorena Porte
- Laboratorio Clinico, Clinica Alemana de Santiago, Facultad de Medicina Clinica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Thomas Weitzel
- Laboratorio Clinico, Clinica Alemana de Santiago, Facultad de Medicina Clinica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto de Ciencias e Innovacion en Medicina (ICIM), Facultad de Medicina Clinica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carmen Varela
- Laboratorio Clinico, Clinica Alemana de Santiago, Facultad de Medicina Clinica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Narjol Gonzalez-Escalona
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Regulatory Science, Division of Microbiology, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Carlos J. Blondel
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Facultad de Medicina y Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- * E-mail:
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28
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Zhou G, Liang H, Gu Y, Ju C, He L, Guo P, Shao Z, Zhang J, Zhang M. Comparative genomics of Helicobacter pullorum from different countries. Gut Pathog 2020; 12:56. [PMID: 33303031 PMCID: PMC7727170 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-020-00394-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pullorum commonly colonized in the gastrointestinal tract of poultry and caused gastroenteritis. This bacterium could be transmitted to humans through contaminated food and caused colitis and hepatitis. Currently, the genetic characteristics of the H. pullorum were not recognized enough. In this study, the genomes of 23 H. pullorum strains from different counties were comparatively analyzed. Among them, H. pullorum 2013BJHL was the first isolated and reported in China. RESULTS The genomes of the studied strains were estimated to vary from 1.55 to 2.03 Mb, with a GC content of ~ 34%. 4064 pan genes and 1267 core genes were obtained from the core-pan genome analysis using the Roary pipeline. Core genome SNPs (cg-SNPs) were obtained using Snippy4 software. Two groups were identified with the phylogenetic analysis based on the cg-SNPs. Some adhesion-related, immune regulation, motility-related, antiphagocytosis-related, toxin-related and quorum sensing related genes were identified as virulence factors. APH(3')-IIIa, APH(2'')-If, and AAC(6')-Ie-APH(2'')-Ia were identified as antibiotic resistance genes among the H. pullorum genomes. cat, SAT-4 and tetO genes were only identified in 2013BJHL, and tet(C) was identified in MIT98-5489. MIC determination revealed that the 2013BJHL showed acquired resistance to ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, tetracycline, gentamicin, streptomycin and erythromycin, only sensitive to ampicillin. The antibiotic resistance genetic determinants on the 2013BJHL genome correlate well with observed antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Two types of VI secretion system (T6SS) were identified in 52.2% (12/23) the studied strains. CONCLUSION In this study, we obtained the genetic characteristics of H. pullorum from different sources in the world. The comprehensive genetic characteristics of H. pullorum were first described. H. pullorum showed highly genetic diversity and two sub-types of T6SSs were first identified in H. pullorum. 2013BJHL was found to be multidrug resistant as it was resistant to at least three different antibiotic classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Rd155, Changbailu, Changping, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Rd155, Changbailu, Changping, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China.,School of Public Health, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Yixin Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Rd155, Changbailu, Changping, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Changyan Ju
- Nanshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lihua He
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Rd155, Changbailu, Changping, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengbo Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Rd155, Changbailu, Changping, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhujun Shao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Rd155, Changbailu, Changping, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Rd155, Changbailu, Changping, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Maojun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Rd155, Changbailu, Changping, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China.
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29
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Liu F, Chen S, Luu LDW, Lee SA, Tay ACY, Wu R, Riordan SM, Lan R, Liu L, Zhang L. Analysis of complete Campylobacter concisus genomes identifies genomospecies features, secretion systems and novel plasmids and their association with severe ulcerative colitis. Microb Genom 2020; 6:mgen000457. [PMID: 33111662 PMCID: PMC7725323 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter concisus is an emerging enteric pathogen that is associated with several gastrointestinal diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Currently, only three complete C. concisus genomes are available and more complete C. concisus genomes are needed in order to better understand the genomic features and pathogenicity of this emerging pathogen. DNA extracted from 22 C. concisus strains were subjected to Oxford Nanopore genome sequencing. Complete genome assembly was performed using Nanopore genome data in combination with previously reported short-read Illumina data. Genome features of complete C. concisus genomes were analysed using bioinformatic tools. The enteric disease associations of C. concisus plasmids were examined using 239 C. concisus strains and confirmed using PCRs. Proteomic analysis was used to examine T6SS secreted proteins. We successfully obtained 13 complete C. concisus genomes in this study. Analysis of 16 complete C. concisus genomes (3 from public databases) identified multiple novel plasmids. pSma1 plasmid was found to be associated with severe UC. Sec-SRP, Tat and T6SS were found to be the main secretion systems in C. concisus and proteomic data showed a functional T6SS despite the lack of ClpV. T4SS was found in 25% of complete C. concisus genomes. This study also found that GS2 strains had larger genomes and higher GC content than GS1 strains and more often had plasmids. In conclusion, this study provides fundamental genomic data for understanding C. concisus plasmids, genomospecies features, evolution, secretion systems and pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Siying Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Laurence Don Wai Luu
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Seul A. Lee
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alfred Chin Yen Tay
- Helicobacter Research Laboratory, Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Ruochen Wu
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stephen M. Riordan
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Unit, Prince of Wales Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ruiting Lan
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lu Liu
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Soria-Bustos J, Ares MA, Gómez-Aldapa CA, González-Y-Merchand JA, Girón JA, De la Cruz MA. Two Type VI Secretion Systems of Enterobacter cloacae Are Required for Bacterial Competition, Cell Adherence, and Intestinal Colonization. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:560488. [PMID: 33072020 PMCID: PMC7541819 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.560488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterobacter cloacae has emerged as an opportunistic pathogen in healthcare-associated infections. Analysis of the genomic sequences of several E. cloacae strains revealed the presence of genes that code for expression of at least one type VI secretion system (T6SS). Here, we report that E. cloacae strain ATCC 13047 codes for two functional T6SS named T6SS-1 and T6SS-2. T6SS-1 and T6SS-2 were preferentially expressed in tryptic soy broth and tissue culture medium (DMEM), respectively. Mutants in T6SS-1-associated genes clpV1 and hcp1 significantly affected their ability of inter- and intra-bacterial killing indicating that T6SS-1 is required for bacterial competition. In addition, the Hcp effector protein was detected in supernatants of E. cloacae cultures and a functional T6SS-1 was required for the secretion of this protein. A clpV2 mutant was impaired in both biofilm formation and adherence to epithelial cells, supporting the notion that these phenotypes are T6SS-2 dependent. In vivo data strongly suggest that both T6SSs are required for intestinal colonization because single and double mutants in clpV1 and clpV2 genes were defective in gut colonization in mice. We conclude that the two T6SSs are involved in the pathogenesis scheme of E. cloacae with specialized functions in the interaction with other bacteria and with host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Soria-Bustos
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico.,Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel A Ares
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos A Gómez-Aldapa
- Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km 4.5 Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Jorge A González-Y-Merchand
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge A Girón
- Centro de Detección Biomolecular, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Miguel A De la Cruz
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
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Marasini D, Karki AB, Bryant JM, Sheaff RJ, Fakhr MK. Molecular characterization of megaplasmids encoding the type VI secretion system in Campylobacter jejuni isolated from chicken livers and gizzards. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12514. [PMID: 32719325 PMCID: PMC7385129 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69155-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Megaplasmids in Campylobacter spp. likely play important roles in antibiotic resistance, virulence, and horizontal gene transfer. In this study, megaplasmids pCJDM202 (119 kb) and pCJDM67L (116 kb) from C. jejuni strains WP2-202 and OD2-67, respectively, were sequenced and characterized. These megaplasmids contained genes for tetracycline resistance [tet(O)], the Type IV secretion system, conjugative transfer and the Type VI secretion system (T6SS). The T6SS genes in Campylobacter plasmids encoded genes and proteins that were similar to those identified in Campylobacter chromosomal DNA. When the megaplasmid pCJDM202 from C. jejuni WP2-202 was transferred via conjugation to C. jejuni NCTC11168 Nal+, transconconjugants acquired tetracycline resistance and enhanced cytotoxicity towards red blood cells. A T6SS mutant of strain WP2-202 was generated and designated Δhcp3; the mutant was significantly impaired in its ability to lyse red blood cells and survive in defibrinated blood. The cytotoxicity of Campylobacter strains towards the human embryonic kidney cell line HEK 293 was not impacted by the T6SS. In summary, the T6SS encoded by Campylobacter megaplasmids mediates lysis of RBCs and likely contributes to survival on retail meats where blood cells are abundant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daya Marasini
- Department of Biological Science, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Anand B Karki
- Department of Biological Science, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - John M Bryant
- Department of Biological Science, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Robert J Sheaff
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Mohamed K Fakhr
- Department of Biological Science, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA.
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Serichantalergs O, Wassanarungroj P, Khemnu N, Poly F, Guerry P, Bodhidatta L, Crawford J, Swierczewski B. Distribution of genes related to Type 6 secretion system and lipooligosaccharide that induced ganglioside mimicry among Campylobacter jejuni isolated from human diarrhea in Thailand. Gut Pathog 2020; 12:18. [PMID: 32308743 PMCID: PMC7146907 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-020-00357-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) is one of the most common bacteria responsible for human gastroenteritis worldwide. The mode of human transmission is foodborne infections due to consumption of contaminated food, especially poultry. Type 6 secretion systems (T6SS) were described recently as Campylobacter virulence mechanisms. Furthermore, infection sequelae associated with neurological disorders like Guillain-Barré (GBS) and Miller Fisher (MF) syndromes can become serious health problems in some patients after Campylobacter gastroenteritis. Our objective was to determine the distribution of these virulence genes among C. jejuni isolated from stool of human diarrhea. Methods A total of 524 C. jejuni strains from travelers and pediatric cases of acute diarrhea in Thailand were selected for this study. All isolates belonged to one of 20 known capsule types and all were assayed by PCR for T6SS, a hemolysin co-regulated protein (hcp) gene, and GBS-associated genes (cgtA, cgtB, cstII HS19 and cstII HS2 ) which are involved in sialic acid production in the lipooligosaccharide (LOS) cores of C. jejuni. The distribution of these genes are summarized and discussed. Results Of all isolates with these 20 capsule types identified, 328 (62.6%) were positive for hcp, ranging from 29.2 to 100% among 10 capsule types. The GBS-associated LOS genes were detected among 14 capsule type isolates with 24.4% and 23.3% of C. jejuni isolates possessed either cstII HS19 or all three genes (cgtA, cgtB and cstII HS19 ), which were classified as LOS classes A and B whereas 9.2% of C. jejuni isolates possessing cstII HS2 were classified as LOS class C. The C. jejuni isolates of LOS A, B, and C together accounted for 56.9% of the isolates among 14 different capsule types while 31.1% of all C. jejuni isolates did not possess any GBS-associated genes. No significant difference was detected from C. jejuni isolates possessing GBS-associated LOS genes among travelers and children, but changes between those with hcp were significant (p < 0.05). Conclusions Our results suggested a high diversity of hcp and GBS-associated LOS genes among capsule types of C. jejuni isolated from Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oralak Serichantalergs
- 1Department of Bacterial and Parasitic Diseases, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Patcharawalai Wassanarungroj
- 1Department of Bacterial and Parasitic Diseases, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nuanpan Khemnu
- 1Department of Bacterial and Parasitic Diseases, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Frédéric Poly
- 2Enteric Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD USA
| | - Patricia Guerry
- 2Enteric Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD USA
| | - Ladaporn Bodhidatta
- 1Department of Bacterial and Parasitic Diseases, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - John Crawford
- 3US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen, MD USA
| | - Brett Swierczewski
- 4Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD USA
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Mousavi S, Bereswill S, Heimesaat MM. Novel Clinical Campylobacter jejuni Infection Models Based on Sensitization of Mice to Lipooligosaccharide, a Major Bacterial Factor Triggering Innate Immune Responses in Human Campylobacteriosis. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E482. [PMID: 32231139 PMCID: PMC7232424 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8040482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
: Human Campylobacter jejuni infections inducing campylobacteriosis including post-infectious sequelae such as Guillain-Barré syndrome and reactive arthritis are rising worldwide and progress into a global burden of high socioeconomic impact. Intestinal immunopathology underlying campylobacteriosis is a classical response of the innate immune system characterized by the accumulation of neutrophils and macrophages which cause tissue destruction, barrier defects and malabsorption leading to bloody diarrhea. Clinical studies revealed that enteritis and post-infectious morbidities of human C. jejuni infections are strongly dependent on the structure of pathogenic lipooligosaccharides (LOS) triggering the innate immune system via Toll-like-receptor (TLR)-4 signaling. Compared to humans, mice display an approximately 10,000 times weaker TLR-4 response and a pronounced colonization resistance (CR) against C. jejuni maintained by the murine gut microbiota. In consequence, investigations of campylobacteriosis have been hampered by the lack of experimental animal models. We here summarize recent progress made in the development of murine C. jejuni infection models that are based on the abolishment of CR by modulating the murine gut microbiota and by sensitization of mice to LOS. These advances support the major role of LOS driven innate immunity in pathogenesis of campylobacteriosis including post-infectious autoimmune diseases and promote the preclinical evaluation of novel pharmaceutical strategies for prophylaxis and treatment.
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Liaw J, Hong G, Davies C, Elmi A, Sima F, Stratakos A, Stef L, Pet I, Hachani A, Corcionivoschi N, Wren BW, Gundogdu O, Dorrell N. The Campylobacter jejuni Type VI Secretion System Enhances the Oxidative Stress Response and Host Colonization. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2864. [PMID: 31921044 PMCID: PMC6927950 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the Type VI secretion system (T6SS) in Campylobacter jejuni is poorly understood despite an increasing prevalence of the T6SS in recent C. jejuni isolates in humans and chickens. The T6SS is a contractile secretion machinery capable of delivering effectors that can play a role in host colonization and niche establishment. During host colonization, C. jejuni is exposed to oxidative stress in the host gastrointestinal tract, and in other bacteria the T6SS has been linked with the oxidative stress response. In this study, comparisons of whole genome sequences of a novel human isolate 488 with previously sequenced strains revealed a single highly conserved T6SS cluster shared between strains isolated from humans and chickens. The presence of a functional T6SS in the 488 wild-type strain is indicated by expression of T6SS genes and secretion of the effector TssD. Increased expression of oxidative stress response genes katA, sodB, and ahpC, and increased oxidative stress resistance in 488 wild-type strain suggest T6SS is associated with oxidative stress response. The role of the T6SS in interactions with host cells is explored using in vitro and in vivo models, and the presence of the T6SS is shown to increase C. jejuni cytotoxicity in the Galleria mellonella infection model. In biologically relevant models, the T6SS enhances C. jejuni interactions with and invasion of chicken primary intestinal cells and enhances the ability of C. jejuni to colonize chickens. This study demonstrates that the C. jejuni T6SS provides defense against oxidative stress and enhances host colonization, and highlights the importance of the T6SS during in vivo survival of T6SS-positive C. jejuni strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janie Liaw
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Geunhye Hong
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cadi Davies
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Abdi Elmi
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Filip Sima
- Bacteriology Branch, Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandros Stratakos
- Bacteriology Branch, Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Lavinia Stef
- Bioengineering of Animal Science Resources, Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine - King Michael the I of Romania, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ioan Pet
- Bioengineering of Animal Science Resources, Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine - King Michael the I of Romania, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Abderrahman Hachani
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.,The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicolae Corcionivoschi
- Bacteriology Branch, Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, United Kingdom.,Bioengineering of Animal Science Resources, Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine - King Michael the I of Romania, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Brendan W Wren
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ozan Gundogdu
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nick Dorrell
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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Tang Y, Sun Y, Zhao L, Xu X, Huang L, Qin Y, Su Y, Yi G, Yan Q. Mechanistic insight into the roles of Pseudomonas plecoglossicida clpV gene in host-pathogen interactions with Larimichthys crocea by dual RNA-seq. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 93:344-353. [PMID: 31352116 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.07.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) is an economical important farmed fish in China. "Visceral White Spot Disease" caused by Pseudomonas plecoglossicida is a disease with a high mortality rate in cage-cultured L. crocea in recent years and resulted in heavy economy lossess. The dual RNA-seq results of previous study showed that the expression of clpV gene in P. plecoglossicida was significantly up-regulated during infection. RNAi significantly reduced the expression of clpV in P. plecoglossicida with maximum silencing efficiency of 96.1%. Compared with the wild type strain, infection of clpV-RNAi strain resulted in a delayed onset time and a 25% reduction in mortality of L. crocea, as well as lessening the symptoms of the spleen. The results of dual RNA-seq of L. crocea infected by clpV-RNAi strain of P. plecoglossicida changed considerably, compared with the counterpart infected with the wild strain. The KEGG enrichment analysis showed that Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway and MAPK signaling pathway of L. crocea were most affected by the silence of clpV in P. plecoglossicida. RNAi of clpV resulted in the downregulation of genes in flagella assembly pathway and a weaker immune response of host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tang
- Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Yujia Sun
- Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Lingmin Zhao
- Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Xiaojin Xu
- Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Lixing Huang
- Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Yingxue Qin
- Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Yongquan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Ningde Fufa Aquatic Products Co., Ltd., Ningde, Fujian, 352000, China
| | - Ganfeng Yi
- Fujian Dabeinong Aquaculture Science & Technology Co. Ltd., Zhangzhou, Fujian, 363502, China
| | - Qingpi Yan
- Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China.
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Kanwal S, Noreen Z, Aalam V, Akhtar J, Masood F, Javed S, Bokhari H. Variation in antibiotic susceptibility and presence of type VI secretion system (T6SS) in Campylobacter jejuni isolates from various sources. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 66:101345. [PMID: 31476607 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2019.101345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of infectious diarrhea in humans. The bacterium can be transmitted through contaminated poultry meat and waste water. We report the presence of C. jejuni from potential transmission sources including egg shells, poultry waste, waste water and migratory bird droppings with a prevalence rate of 78%, 66%, 86% and 70% respectively. Antibiotic resistance profile showed high number of isolates resistant to multiple antibiotics including 4th generation cephalosporins. C. jejuni isolates were further screened for presence of T6SS, an important virulence factor. None of the C. jejuni isolates from migratory birds carried a T6SS, whereas highest prevalence of T6SS isolates was observed in waste water samples, followed by poultry waste and egg shells. To determine virulence potential of the isolates, hemolytic activity of isolates was compared. Although variation in hemolytic potential between isolates from different sources was noted, higher hemolytic activity was observed for isolates possessing hcp, a T6SS gene. Furthermore, presence of T6SS affords the bacterium some survival advantage when compared to T6SS competent Helicobacter pullorum which occupies the same niche. Taken together our findings indicate that C. jejuni with T6SS have a fitness advantage increasing their isolation frequency from waste water and poultry waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobia Kanwal
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zobia Noreen
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Vajeeha Aalam
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Junaid Akhtar
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fariha Masood
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan; Department of Lifesciences, ABASYN University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sundus Javed
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Habib Bokhari
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Javed K, Gul F, Abbasi R, Zaidi RA, Noreen Z, Bokhari H, Javed S. Prevalence and role of Type six secretion system in pathogenesis of emerging zoonotic pathogen Helicobacter pullorum from retail poultry. Avian Pathol 2019; 48:557-563. [PMID: 31294635 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2019.1643450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pullorum is an emerging zoonotic pathogen that causes gastroenteritis in chickens and inflammatory bowel disease in humans ingesting contaminated meat. However, the mechanism by which the bacterium causes disease is unclear. Type six secretion system (T6SS) plays a major role in bacterial pathogenesis and adaptation. Haemolysin coregulated protein (Hcp) plays a central role in the structure of the T6SS pilus and acts as effector protein in certain bacteria. In this study, H. pullorum isolated from 156 caecal samples of broiler chickens was screened for the presence of T6SS Hcp gene via PCR amplification. 30.7% of caecal and 18.3% of liver samples tested positive for presence of H. pullorum. From these positive samples, 29.7% possessed the T6SS gene. In bacterial co-culture experiments, significant loss of viability (81.6-39.1%) was observed for H. pullorum-infected hepatocytes and presence of Hcp did not contribute to the loss of cell viability. Nevertheless, infection of erythrocytes with Hcp-positive isolates was associated with greater haemolytic activity compared to infection with Hcp-negative isolates. Therefore, presence of T6SS could be indicative of virulent strains meriting further studies to characterize this virulence factor in H. pullorum infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashaf Javed
- Department of BioSciences, COMSATS University Islamabad , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Farzana Gul
- Department of BioSciences, COMSATS University Islamabad , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Rashda Abbasi
- Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Rabbia Abbas Zaidi
- Department of BioSciences, COMSATS University Islamabad , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Zobia Noreen
- Department of BioSciences, COMSATS University Islamabad , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Habib Bokhari
- Department of BioSciences, COMSATS University Islamabad , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Sundus Javed
- Department of BioSciences, COMSATS University Islamabad , Islamabad , Pakistan
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Levican A, Ramos-Tapia I, Briceño I, Guerra F, Mena B, Varela C, Porte L. Genomic Analysis of Chilean Strains of Campylobacter jejuni from Human Faeces. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:1902732. [PMID: 31360704 PMCID: PMC6644508 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1902732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Campylobacter spp., especially C. jejuni, are recognized worldwide as the bacterial species that most commonly cause food-related diarrhea. C. jejuni possesses many different virulence factors, has the ability to survive in different reservoirs, and has shown among isolates the emergence of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR). Genome association analyses of this bacterial pathogen have contributed to a better understanding of its pathogenic and AMR associated determinants. However, the epidemiological information of these bacteria in Latin American countries is scarce and no genomic information is available in public databases from isolates in these countries. Considering this, the present study is aimed to describe the genomic traits from representative Campylobacter spp. strains recovered from faecal samples of patients with acute diarrhoea from Valparaíso, Chile. Campylobacter spp. was detected from the faeces of 28 (8%) out of 350 patients with acute diarrhoea, mainly from young adults and children, and 26 (93%) of the isolates corresponded to C. jejuni. 63% of the isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin, 25.9% to tetracycline, and 3.5% to erythromycin. Three isolates were selected for WGS on the basis of their flaA-RFLP genotype. They belonged to the multilocus sequence typing (MLST) clonal clomplex (CC) 21(PUCV-1), CC-48 (PUCV-3), and CC-353 (PUCV-2) and presented several putative virulence genes, including the Type IV and Type VI Secretion Systems, as well as AMR-associated genes in agreement with their susceptibility pattern. On the basis of the wgMLST, they were linked to strains from poultry and ruminants. These are the first genomes of Chilean C. jejuni isolates available in public databases and they provide relevant information about the C. jejuni isolates associated with human infection in this country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Levican
- Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Universidad 330, 2373223 Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Ignacio Ramos-Tapia
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology (CBIB), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Avenida Republica 330, Santiago, Chile
| | - Isabel Briceño
- Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital Naval Almirante Nef, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Francisco Guerra
- Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital Naval Almirante Nef, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Benjamin Mena
- Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital Naval Almirante Nef, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Carmen Varela
- Laboratorio Clínico, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lorena Porte
- Laboratorio Clínico, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
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Chen C, Yang X, Shen X. Confirmed and Potential Roles of Bacterial T6SSs in the Intestinal Ecosystem. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1484. [PMID: 31316495 PMCID: PMC6611333 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The contact-dependent type VI secretion system (T6SS) in diverse microbes plays crucial roles in both inter-bacterial and bacteria-host interactions. As numerous microorganisms inhabit the intestinal ecosystem at a high density, it is necessary to consider the functions of T6SS in intestinal bacteria. In this mini-review, we discuss T6SS-dependent functions in intestinal microbes, including commensal microbes and enteric pathogens, and list experimentally verified species of intestinal bacteria containing T6SS clusters. Several seminal studies have shown that T6SS plays crucial antibacterial roles in colonization resistance, niche occupancy, activation of host innate immune responses, and modulation of host intestinal mechanics. Some potential roles of T6SS in the intestinal ecosystem, such as targeting of single cell eukaryotic competitors, competition for micronutrients, and stress resistance are also discussed. Considering the distinct activities of T6SS in diverse bacteria residing in the intestine, we suggest that T6SS research in intestinal microbes may be beneficial for the future development of new medicines and clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Chen
- Institute of Food and Drug Inspection, College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Xiaobing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xihui Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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40
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Davies C, Taylor AJ, Elmi A, Winter J, Liaw J, Grabowska AD, Gundogdu O, Wren BW, Kelly DJ, Dorrell N. Sodium Taurocholate Stimulates Campylobacter jejuni Outer Membrane Vesicle Production via Down-Regulation of the Maintenance of Lipid Asymmetry Pathway. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:177. [PMID: 31192166 PMCID: PMC6549495 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) contain numerous virulence-associated proteins including the cytolethal distending toxin and three serine proteases. As C. jejuni lacks the classical virulence-associated secretion systems of other enteric pathogens that deliver effectors directly into target cells, OMVs may have a particularly important role in virulence. C. jejuni OMV production is stimulated by the presence of physiological concentrations of the bile salt sodium taurocholate (ST) through an unknown mechanism. The maintenance of lipid asymmetry (MLA) pathway has been implicated in a novel mechanism for OMV biogenesis, open to regulation by host signals. In this study we investigated the role of the MLA pathway in C. jejuni OMV biogenesis with ST as a potential regulator. OMV production was quantified by analyzing protein and lipid concentrations of OMV preparations and OMV particle counts produced by nanoparticle tracking analysis. Mutation of mlaA which encodes the outer membrane component of the MLA pathway significantly increased OMV production compared to the wild-type strain. Detergent sensitivity and membrane permeability assays confirmed the increased OMV production was not due to changes in membrane stability. The presence of 0.2% (w/v) ST increased wild-type OMV production and reduced OMV size, but did not further stimulate mlaA mutant OMV production or significantly alter mlaA mutant OMV size. qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated that the presence of ST decreased expression of both mlaA and mlaC in C. jejuni wild-type strains 11168 and 488. Collectively the data in this study suggests C. jejuni can regulate OMV production in response to host gut signals through changes in expression of the MLA pathway. As the gut bile composition is dependent on both diet and the microbiota, this study highlights the potential importance of diet and lifestyle factors on the varying disease presentations associated with gut pathogen infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cadi Davies
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aidan J Taylor
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Abdi Elmi
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jody Winter
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Janie Liaw
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna D Grabowska
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ozan Gundogdu
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Brendan W Wren
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - David J Kelly
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Nick Dorrell
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of mucosal delivery of recombinant hcp of Campylobacter jejuni Type VI secretion system (T6SS) in chickens. Mol Immunol 2019; 111:182-197. [PMID: 31078054 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2019.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The type VI secretion system (T6SS) has recently emerged as a new pattern of protein secretions in Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni). Within the T6SS cluster, hemolysin co-regulated protein (hcp) is considered as a hallmark of functional T6SS and holds key role in bacterial virulence. As poultry is the primary reservoir of C. jejuni and the major sources for human infection, we evaluated the capacity of recombinant hcp (rhcp) immunization in blocking C. jejuni colonization in chickens with an aim to control bacterial transmission to humans via poultry food chain. Considering the mucosal route is the primary portal for C. jejuni entry and gut mucosa offers the apposite site for C. jejuni adherence, we investigated the immune-protective potential of intra-gastric administration of rhcp using chitosan-based nanoparticles. To achieve this goal, full length coding sequence of hcp gene from C. jejuni was cloned and expressed in E. coli. Purified rhcp was entrapped in chitosan-Sodium tripolyphosphate nanoparticles (CS-TPP NPs) and orally gavaged in chickens. Our results suggest that intra-gastric immunization of CS-TPP-rhcp induces consistent and steady increase in intestinal (sIgA) and systemic antibody (IgY) response against rhcp with significant reduction in cecal load of C. jejuni. The protection afforded by rhcp associated cellular responses with Th1 and Th17 profile in terms of increased expression of NFkB, IL-1β, IL-8, IL-6, IFN-γ and IL-17 A genes. Though systemic immunization of rhcp with IFA resulting in a robust systemic (IgY) and local (sIgA) antibody response, mucosal administration of rhcp loaded CS-TPP NPs was found to be superior in terms of bacterial clearance. Altogether, present study suggests that chitosan based intra-gastric delivery of rhcp have several advantages over the injectable composition and could be a promising vaccine approach to effectively control C. jejuni colonization in chickens.
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Ungureanu VA, Stratakos AC, Gundogdu O, Stef L, Pet I, Pet E, Pacala N, Corcionivoschi N. Virulence of a T6SS Campylobacter jejuni chicken isolate from North Romania. BMC Res Notes 2019; 12:180. [PMID: 30922352 PMCID: PMC6437841 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4201-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives In this study we have investigated the in vitro and in vivo virulence characteristics of a new T6SS positive Campylobacter jejuni chicken isolate (SV12) originating from a poultry population in North Romania. A detailed phenotypic characterization was performed and compared to the T6SS negative C. jejuni 81–176 wild strain. Results Our results indicate that the significantly higher capacity to attach and invade HCT-8 cells of C. jejuni SV12 isolate is associated with increased motility, increased resistance to bile salts and serum resistance, when compared to C. jejuni strain 81–76. Mice infected with the SV12 isolate showed statistically higher levels of colonization at both 7- and 14-days post-inoculation and in the stomach, caecum, duodenum and large intestine. Infection with the SV12 strain induced a stronger immune response as the gene transcript levels of IL-17, TNFα and IFNγ were more pronouncedly up-regulated compared to the C. jejuni strain 81–176. The present study showed that the new isolate SV12 had an enhanced virulence capacity compared to the wild strain which was evident in vivo as well. This work also provides an insight on the colonization pattern and host immune response differences between T6SS positive and T6SS negative C. jejuni.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlad A Ungureanu
- School of Bioengineering and Animal Resources, Banat University of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, King Michael I of Romania, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Alexandros Ch Stratakos
- Bacteriology Branch, Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Newforge Lane, Belfast, BT9 5GB, Northern Ireland, UK.,Auranta, NovaUCD, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ozan Gundogdu
- Faculty of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 11 Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Lavinia Stef
- School of Bioengineering and Animal Resources, Banat University of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, King Michael I of Romania, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ioan Pet
- School of Bioengineering and Animal Resources, Banat University of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, King Michael I of Romania, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Elena Pet
- School Management and Rural Tourism, Banat University of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, King Michael I of Romania, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Nicolae Pacala
- School of Bioengineering and Animal Resources, Banat University of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, King Michael I of Romania, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Nicolae Corcionivoschi
- School of Bioengineering and Animal Resources, Banat University of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, King Michael I of Romania, Timisoara, Romania. .,Bacteriology Branch, Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Newforge Lane, Belfast, BT9 5GB, Northern Ireland, UK.
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43
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Agnetti J, Seth-Smith HMB, Ursich S, Reist J, Basler M, Nickel C, Bassetti S, Ritz N, Tschudin-Sutter S, Egli A. Clinical impact of the type VI secretion system on virulence of Campylobacter species during infection. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:237. [PMID: 30845966 PMCID: PMC6407262 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-3858-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical course of Campylobacter infection varies in symptoms and severity depending on host factors, virulence of the pathogen and initiated therapy. The type VI secretion system (T6SS) has been identified as a novel virulence factor, which mediates contact-dependent injection of enzymes and toxins into competing bacteria or host cells and facilitates the colonisation of a host organism. We aimed to compare the clinical course of Campylobacter infection caused by strains with and without the T6SS and identify possible associations between this putative virulence factor and the clinical manifestations of disease. METHODS From April 2015 to January 2017, patients with detection of Campylobacter spp. were identified at the University Hospital of Basel and the University Children's Hospital of Basel and included in this case-control study. Presence of the T6SS gene cluster was assayed by PCR targeting the hcp gene, confirmed with whole genome sequencing. Pertinent clinical data was collected by medical record review. Differences in disease- and host-characteristics between T6SS-positive (case) and -negative (control) were compared in a uni- and multi-variable analysis. Hospital admission, antibiotic therapy, admission to intensive care unit, development of bacteraemia and in-hospital mortality were considered as clinical endpoints. RESULTS We identified 138 cases of Campylobacter jejuni infections and 18 cases of Campylobacter coli infections from a paediatric and adult population. Analyses were focused on adult patients with C. jejuni (n = 119) of which 16.8% were T6SS-positive. Comparisons between T6SS-positive and -negative C. jejuni isolates did not reveal significant differences regarding clinical manifestations or course of disease. All clinical endpoints showed a similar distribution in both groups. A higher score in the Charlson Comorbidity Index was associated with T6SS-positive C. jejuni isolates (p < 0.001) and patients were more likely to have a solid organ transplant and to be under immunosuppressive therapy. CONCLUSIONS Our study does not provide evidence that T6SS is associated with a more severe clinical course. Interestingly, T6SS-positive isolates are more commonly found in immunocompromised patients: an observation which merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Agnetti
- Applied Microbiology Research, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Helena M. B. Seth-Smith
- Applied Microbiology Research, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Ursich
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Current address: Institute for Molecular Cancer Research IMCR, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Josiane Reist
- Applied Microbiology Research, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marek Basler
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Nickel
- Emergency Department, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Bassetti
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Ritz
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, University Children Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Pediatrics, Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Sarah Tschudin-Sutter
- Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Egli
- Applied Microbiology Research, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Current address: Institute for Molecular Cancer Research IMCR, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Singh A, Mallick AI. Role of putative virulence traits of Campylobacter jejuni in regulating differential host immune responses. J Microbiol 2019; 57:298-309. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-019-8165-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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45
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Kovanen S, Rossi M, Pohja-Mykrä M, Nieminen T, Raunio-Saarnisto M, Sauvala M, Fredriksson-Ahomaa M, Hänninen ML, Kivistö R. Population Genetics and Characterization of Campylobacter jejuni Isolates from Western Jackdaws and Game Birds in Finland. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:e02365-18. [PMID: 30552190 PMCID: PMC6365822 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02365-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Poultry are considered a major reservoir and source of human campylobacteriosis, but the roles of environmental reservoirs, including wild birds, have not been assessed in depth. In this study, we isolated and characterized Campylobacter jejuni from western jackdaws (n = 91, 43%), mallard ducks (n = 82, 76%), and pheasants (n = 9, 9%). Most of the western jackdaw and mallard duck C. jejuni isolates represented multilocus sequence typing (MLST) sequence types (STs) that diverged from those previously isolated from human patients and various animal species, whereas all pheasant isolates represented ST-19, a common ST among human patients and other hosts worldwide. Whole-genome MLST revealed that mallard duck ST-2314 and pheasant ST-19 isolates represented bacterial clones that were genetically highly similar to human isolates detected previously. Further analyses revealed that in addition to a divergent ClonalFrame genealogy, certain genomic characteristics of the western jackdaw C. jejuni isolates, e.g., a novel cdtABC gene cluster and the type VI secretion system (T6SS), may affect their host specificity and virulence. Game birds may thus pose a risk for acquiring campylobacteriosis; therefore, hygienic measures during slaughter and meat handling warrant special attention.IMPORTANCE The roles of environmental reservoirs, including wild birds, in the molecular epidemiology of Campylobacter jejuni have not been assessed in depth. Our results showed that game birds may pose a risk for acquiring campylobacteriosis, because they had C. jejuni genomotypes highly similar to human isolates detected previously. Therefore, hygienic measures during slaughter and meat handling warrant special attention. On the contrary, a unique phylogeny was revealed for the western jackdaw isolates, and certain genomic characteristics identified among these isolates are hypothesized to affect their host specificity and virulence. Comparative genomics within sequence types (STs), using whole-genome multilocus sequence typing (wgMLST), and phylogenomics are efficient methods to analyze the genomic relationships of C. jejuni isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Kovanen
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mirko Rossi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mari Pohja-Mykrä
- Ruralia Institute, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - Timo Nieminen
- Ruralia Institute, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Seinäjoki, Finland
| | | | - Mikaela Sauvala
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria Fredriksson-Ahomaa
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marja-Liisa Hänninen
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rauni Kivistö
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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46
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Karki AB, Marasini D, Oakey CK, Mar K, Fakhr MK. Campylobacter coli From Retail Liver and Meat Products Is More Aerotolerant Than Campylobacter jejuni. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2951. [PMID: 30631306 PMCID: PMC6315125 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aerotolerance in the microaerophilic species Campylobacter was previously reported and could increase bacterial survival and transmission in foods during stressful processing and storage conditions. In this study, 167 Campylobacter isolates (76 C. jejuni and 91 C. coli) were screened for aerotolerance; these strains were previously isolated from retail chicken meat, chicken livers, chicken gizzards, turkey, pork, and beef liver samples. Bacterial cultures were incubated aerobically in Mueller Hinton broth with agitation and viable cell counts were taken at 0, 6, 12, and 24 h. Approximately 47% of the screened Campylobacter isolates were aerotolerant (viable after a 12-h aerobic incubation period), whereas 24% were hyper-aerotolerant (viable after a 24-h aerobic incubation). A greater prevalence of aerotolerant strains (80%) was found among C. coli isolates as compared to C. jejuni isolates (6%). Differences in the oxidative stress response related genes were detected among C. jejuni and C. coli isolates when comparative genomics was used to analyze 17 Whole Genome Sequenced (WGS) strains from our laboratory. Genes encoding putative transcriptional regulator proteins and a catalase-like heme binding protein were found in C. coli genomes, but were absent in the genomes of C. jejuni. PCR screening showed the presence of a catalase-like protein gene in 75% (68/91) of C. coli strains, which was absent in all tested C. jejuni strains. While about 79% (30/38) of the hyper-aerotolerant C. coli strains harbored the catalase-like protein gene, the gene was also present in a number of the aerosensitive strains. The Catalase like protein gene was found to be expressed in both aerobic and microaerobic conditions with a 2-fold higher gene expression detected in aerobic conditions for an aerosensitive strain. However, the exact function of the gene remains unclear and awaits further investigation. In conclusion, aerotolerant Campylobacter strains (especially C. coli) are prevalent in various retail meats. Further studies are needed to investigate whether the genes encoding catalase-like heme binding protein and putative transcriptional regulators in C. coli strains are involved in stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand B Karki
- Department of Biological Science, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Daya Marasini
- Department of Biological Science, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Clark K Oakey
- Department of Biological Science, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Kaitlin Mar
- Department of Biological Science, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Mohamed K Fakhr
- Department of Biological Science, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States
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47
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Rokney A, Valinsky L, Moran-Gilad J, Vranckx K, Agmon V, Weinberger M. Genomic Epidemiology of Campylobacter jejuni Transmission in Israel. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2432. [PMID: 30386311 PMCID: PMC6198274 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Campylobacter jejuni is responsible for 80% of Campylobacter infections in Israel, a country with a high incidence reaching 91/100,000 population. We studied the phylogeny, diversity and prevalence of virulence factors using whole genome sequencing (WGS) of a national sample of C. jejuni clinical, food, and animal isolates collected over a 10-year period (2003-2012). Methods: C. jejuni isolates (n = 263) were subject to WGS using Illumina sequencing (PE 250bpx2). Raw reads and de novo assemblies were analyzed with the BioNumerics whole genome MLST (wgMLST) pipeline. Reads were screened for 71 virulence genes by the SRST2 script. Allelic profiles were analyzed to create minimum spanning trees and allelic core distances were investigated to determine a reliable cutoff for strain determination. Results: wgMLST analysis of 263 C. jejuni isolates indicated significant diversity among the prevalent clonal complexes (CCs) with CC-21 and CC-353 being the most diverse, and CC-574 the most clonal. Within CC-21, sequence type (ST)-1359 created a separate clade. Human, poultry and bovine isolates clustered together across the different STs. Forty four percent of studied isolates were assigned to 29 genetic clusters. Temporal and geographical relatedness were found among the minority of clusters, while most phylogenetically associated cases appeared diffuse and unassociated epidemiologically. The majority of virulence factors were highly prevalent across the dataset and not associated with genotype, source of isolation or invasiveness. Conversely, all 13 genes associated with type VI secretion system (T6SS) were lineage-related and identified in only 18% of the isolates. T6SS was detected in 95.2% of ST-1359, a common type in Israel. Conclusions: wgMLST supported the assessment that poultry and cattle are likely food sources of infection in Israel. Substantial genetic clustering among C. jejuni isolates suggested multiple point source and diffuse outbreaks that were previously unreported in Israel. The high prevalence of T6SS among ST-1359 isolates is unique to Israel, and requires further investigation. This study exemplifies the importance of studying foodborne pathogens using advanced genomic approaches across the entire spectrum of One Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assaf Rokney
- Central Government Laboratories, Israel Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lea Valinsky
- Central Government Laboratories, Israel Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jacob Moran-Gilad
- Public Health Services, Israel Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Health Policy and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er-Sheva, Israel.,ESCMID Study Group for Genomic and Molecular Diagnostics, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Vered Agmon
- Central Government Laboratories, Israel Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Miriam Weinberger
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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48
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Wang X, Sun B, Xu M, Qiu S, Xu D, Ran T, He J, Wang W. Crystal structure of the periplasmic domain of TssL, a key membrane component of Type VI secretion system. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 120:1474-1479. [PMID: 30266644 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.09.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Type VI secretion system (T6SS), as a macromolecular system, is commonly found in Gram-negative bacteria and responsible for exporting effectors. T6SS consists of 13 core proteins. TssL is a component of the membrane complex and plays a pivotal role in T6SS. Here, we report the crystal structure of the C-terminal periplasmic domain of TssL (TssLCter) from Serratia marcescens FS14. The TssLCter (310-503) contain a five-stranded anti-parallel β-sheet flanked by five α-helices and a short N-terminal helix. Structural comparisons revealed that it belongs to the OmpA-like family with a remarked difference in the conformation of the loop3-5. In OmpA-like family, the corresponding loop is located close to loop2-3, forming a cavity with a small opening together with the longest α5, whereas in TssLCter, loop3-5 flipped away from this cavity region. In addition, significant differences in the peptidoglycan (PG) binding site suggest that big conformational change must take place to accomplish the PG binding for TssLCter. Furthermore, a long flexible loop between helices α1 and α2 is unique in TssL. TssL would have a big conformational change during the delivery of the Hcp needle and effectors. So we speculate that the long flexible endows TssL the adaptation of its evolutionary new function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangbei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment of Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Sun
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201204 Shanghai, China
| | - Mengxue Xu
- Key Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment of Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shenshen Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment of Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment of Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Ran
- Key Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment of Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jianhua He
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201204 Shanghai, China.
| | - Weiwu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment of Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
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49
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Noreen Z, Jobichen C, Abbasi R, Seetharaman J, Sivaraman J, Bokhari H. Structural basis for the pathogenesis of Campylobacter jejuni Hcp1, a structural and effector protein of the Type VI Secretion System. FEBS J 2018; 285:4060-4070. [PMID: 30194714 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The Type VI Secretion System (T6SS) provides enhanced virulence to Campylobacter jejuni and has been associated with a high incidence of bloody diarrhea. The hemolysin-coregulated protein (Hcp)-the hallmark of the T6SS-can act as a structural and effector protein. Unlike other T6SS-harboring bacteria, which possess multiple Hcp proteins each performing different functions, C. jejuni possesses only one Hcp protein, and its structural and functional role has not been elucidated previously. Here, we report the structure and functional studies of Hcp from C. jejuni. We found similarities between the hexameric ring structure of Hcp-Cj and that of Hcp3 from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Through functional studies, we showed two roles for Hcp-Cj that is, in cytotoxicity toward HepG2 cells and in biofilm formation in C. jejuni. In structure-based mutational analyses, we showed that an Arg-to-Ala mutation at position 30 within the extended loop results in a significant decrease in cytotoxicity, suggesting a role for this loop in binding to the host cell. However, this mutation does not affect its biofilm formation function. Collectively, this study supports the dual role of Hcp-Cj as a structural and effector protein in C. jejuni.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zobia Noreen
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Chacko Jobichen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rashda Abbasi
- Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - J Sivaraman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Habib Bokhari
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan
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50
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Iglesias-Torrens Y, Miró E, Guirado P, Llovet T, Muñoz C, Cerdà-Cuéllar M, Madrid C, Balsalobre C, Navarro F. Population Structure, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Virulence-Associated Genes in Campylobacter jejuni Isolated From Three Ecological Niches: Gastroenteritis Patients, Broilers, and Wild Birds. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1676. [PMID: 30116225 PMCID: PMC6083060 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is the causal agent of the food-borne infection with the highest incidence in Europe. Both poultry and wild birds are a major reservoir. To gain insight into the population structure, virulence potential, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR), a collection of 150 isolates from three different ecological niches (broilers, wild birds, and human patients) was studied. Despite the high genetic diversity found, the population structure defined two distinct clusters, one formed mostly by broiler and human isolates and another one by most wild bird isolates. The ST-21 complex exhibits highest prevalence (in humans and broilers), followed by ST-1275 complex (only in wild birds). The ST-48, -45, and -354 complexes were found in all three niches, but represent only 22 out of 150 studied strains. A higher occurrence of AMR and multidrug resistance was detected among broiler and human isolates. Moreover, significant differences were found in the distribution of certain putative virulence genes. Remarkably, many wild bird strains were negative for either cdtA, cdtB, or cdtC from the canonical strain 81-176, whereas all broiler and human strains were positive. These data suggest that the different variants of the cdt genes might be relevant for the efficient colonization of certain hosts by C. jejuni. Our study contributes to the understanding of the role of the diverse Campylobacter reservoirs in the transmission of campylobacteriosis to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaidelys Iglesias-Torrens
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisenda Miró
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Guirado
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Llovet
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Muñoz
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Cerdà-Cuéllar
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA)-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Madrid
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Balsalobre
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ferran Navarro
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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