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Zhao G, Zhang HM, Nasseri AR, Yip F, Telkar N, Chen YT, Aghakeshmiri S, Küper C, Lam W, Yang W, Zhao J, Luo H, McManus BM, Yang D. Heart-specific NFAT5 knockout suppresses type I interferon signaling and aggravates coxsackievirus-induced myocarditis. Basic Res Cardiol 2024:10.1007/s00395-024-01058-w. [PMID: 38834767 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-024-01058-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 (NFAT5) is an osmosensitive transcription factor that is well-studied in renal but rarely explored in cardiac diseases. Although the association of Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) with viral myocarditis is well-established, the role of NFAT5 in this disease remains largely unexplored. Previous research has demonstrated that NFAT5 restricts CVB3 replication yet is susceptible to cleavage by CVB3 proteases. Using an inducible cardiac-specific Nfat5-knockout mouse model, we uncovered that NFAT5-deficiency exacerbates cardiac pathology, worsens cardiac function, elevates viral load, and reduces survival rates. RNA-seq analysis of CVB3-infected mouse hearts revealed the significant impact of NFAT5-deficiency on gene pathways associated with cytokine signaling and inflammation. Subsequent in vitro and in vivo investigation validated the disruption of the cytokine signaling pathway in response to CVB3 infection, evidenced by reduced expression of key cytokines such as interferon β1 (IFNβ1), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10), interleukin 6 (IL6), among others. Furthermore, NFAT5-deficiency hindered the formation of stress granules, leading to a reduction of important stress granule components, including plakophilin-2, a pivotal protein within the intercalated disc, thereby impacting cardiomyocyte structure and function. These findings unveil a novel mechanism by which NFAT5 inhibits CVB3 replication and pathogenesis through the promotion of antiviral type I interferon signaling and the formation of cytoplasmic stress granules, collectively identifying NFAT5 as a new cardio protective protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangze Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, B.C, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Huifang M Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, B.C, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Ali Reza Nasseri
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, B.C, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Fione Yip
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, B.C, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Nikita Telkar
- British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Yankuan T Chen
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, B.C, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Sana Aghakeshmiri
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, B.C, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Christoph Küper
- MSH Medical School Hamburg, IMM Institute for Molecular Medicine, Medical University, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wan Lam
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Wenli Yang
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - James Zhao
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, B.C, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Honglin Luo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, B.C, V6Z 1Y6, Canada.
| | - Bruce M McManus
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, B.C, V6Z 1Y6, Canada.
| | - Decheng Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, B.C, V6Z 1Y6, Canada.
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Zhan X, Yang Y, Li Q, He F. The role of deubiquitinases in cardiac disease. Expert Rev Mol Med 2024; 26:e3. [PMID: 38525836 PMCID: PMC11062144 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2024.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Deubiquitinases are a group of proteins that identify and digest monoubiquitin chains or polyubiquitin chains attached to substrate proteins, preventing the substrate protein from being degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Deubiquitinases regulate cellular autophagy, metabolism and oxidative stress by acting on different substrate proteins. Recent studies have revealed that deubiquitinases act as a critical regulator in various cardiac diseases, and control the onset and progression of cardiac disease through a board range of mechanism. This review summarizes the function of different deubiquitinases in cardiac disease, including cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial infarction and diabetes mellitus-related cardiac disease. Besides, this review briefly recapitulates the role of deubiquitinases modulators in cardiac disease, providing the potential therapeutic targets in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Zhan
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan He
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
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3
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You JR, Wen ZJ, Tian JW, Lv XB, Li R, Li SP, Xin H, Li PF, Zhang YF, Zhang R. Crosstalk between ubiquitin ligases and ncRNAs drives cardiovascular disease progression. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1335519. [PMID: 38515760 PMCID: PMC10954775 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1335519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are multifactorial chronic diseases and have the highest rates of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) plays a crucial role in posttranslational modification and quality control of proteins, maintaining intracellular homeostasis via degradation of misfolded, short-lived, or nonfunctional regulatory proteins. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs, such as microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, circular RNAs and small interfering RNAs) serve as epigenetic factors and directly or indirectly participate in various physiological and pathological processes. NcRNAs that regulate ubiquitination or are regulated by the UPS are involved in the execution of target protein stability. The cross-linked relationship between the UPS, ncRNAs and CVDs has drawn researchers' attention. Herein, we provide an update on recent developments and perspectives on how the crosstalk of the UPS and ncRNAs affects the pathological mechanisms of CVDs, particularly myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy, heart failure, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and ischemic stroke. In addition, we further envision that RNA interference or ncRNA mimics or inhibitors targeting the UPS can potentially be used as therapeutic tools and strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Rui You
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zeng-Jin Wen
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jia-Wei Tian
- Department of Emergency Internal Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Lv
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Shu-Ping Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Qingdao Third People's Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Xin
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Pei-Feng Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yin-Feng Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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Zhao X, Hu Y, Zhao J, Liu Y, Ma X, Chen H, Xing Y. Role of protein Post-translational modifications in enterovirus infection. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1341599. [PMID: 38596371 PMCID: PMC11002909 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1341599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Enteroviruses (EVs) are the main cause of a number of neurological diseases. Growing evidence has revealed that successful infection with enteroviruses is highly dependent on the host machinery, therefore, host proteins play a pivotal role in viral infections. Both host and viral proteins can undergo post-translational modification (PTM) which can regulate protein activity, stability, solubility and interactions with other proteins; thereby influencing various biological processes, including cell metabolism, metabolic, signaling pathways, cell death, and cancer development. During viral infection, both host and viral proteins regulate the viral life cycle through various PTMs and different mechanisms, including the regulation of host cell entry, viral protein synthesis, genome replication, and the antiviral immune response. Therefore, protein PTMs play important roles in EV infections. Here, we review the role of various host- and virus-associated PTMs during enterovirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Zhao
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Qinghai University, Qinghai, China
| | - Yibo Hu
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, The Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Qinghai, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Qinghai University, Qinghai, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Qinghai, China
| | - Xueman Ma
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Qinghai University, Qinghai, China
| | - Hongru Chen
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Qinghai University, Qinghai, China
| | - Yonghua Xing
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Qinghai University, Qinghai, China
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Hu Y, Cui F, Wang S, Liu C, Zhang S, Wang R, Song J, Zhang Y. MicroRNA expression profile of human umbilical vein endothelial cells in response to coxsackievirus A10 infection reveals a potential role of miR-143-3p in maintaining the integrity of the blood-brain barrier. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1217984. [PMID: 37577373 PMCID: PMC10419304 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1217984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Coxsackievirus A10 (CV-A10) has been one of the main etiologies of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) epidemics in recent years and can cause mild to severe illness and even death. Most of these severe and fatal cases were closely associated with neurological impairments, but the potential mechanism of neuropathological injury triggered by CV-A10 infection has not been elucidated. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), implicated in the regulation of gene expression in a post-transcriptional manner, play a vital role in the pathogenesis of various central nervous system (CNS) diseases; therefore, they serve as diagnostic biomarkers and are emerging as novel therapeutic targets for CNS injuries. To gain insights into the CV-A10-induced regulation of host miRNA-processing machinery, we employed high-throughput sequencing to identify differentially expressed miRNAs in CV-A10-infected human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and further analyzed the potential functions of these miRNAs during CV-A10 infection. The results showed that CV-A10 infection could induce 189 and 302 significantly differentially expressed miRNAs in HUVECs at 24 and 72 hpi, respectively, compared with the uninfected control. Moreover, the expression of four selected miRNAs and their relevant mRNAs was determined to verify the sequencing data by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) methods. After that, gene target prediction and functional annotation revealed that the targets of these dysregulated miRNAs were mostly enriched in cell proliferation, signal transduction, cAMP signalling pathway, cellular response to interleukin-6, ventral spinal cord interneuron differentiation, negative regulation of glial cell differentiation, neuron migration, positive regulation of neuron projection development, etc., which were primarily involved in the processes of basic physiology, host immunity, and neurological impairments and further reflected vital regulatory roles of miRNA in viral pathogenicity. Finally, the construction of a miRNA-regulated network also suggested that the complex regulatory mechanisms mediated by miRNAs might be involved in viral pathogenesis and virus-host interactions during CV-A10 infection. Furthermore, among these dysregulated miRNAs, miR-143-3p was demonstrated to be involved in the maintenance of blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Hu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Virology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Fengxian Cui
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Shenglan Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Shengxiong Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jie Song
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Yunhui Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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6
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AbdelMassih A, Agha H, El-Saiedi S, El-Sisi A, El Shershaby M, Gaber H, Ismail HA, El-Husseiny N, Amin AR, ElBoraie A, Ayad A, Menshawey E, Sefein F, Osman II, Moursi M, Hanafy M, Abdelaziz MS, Arsanyous MB, Khaled-Ibn-El-Walid M, Tawfik MG, Habib M, Mansour ME, Ashraf M, Khattab MA, Alshehry N, Hafez N, ElDeeb NE, Ashraf N, Khalil N, AbdElSalam NI, Shebl N, Hafez NGA, Youssef NH, Bahnan O, Ismail P, Kelada P, Menshawey R, Saeed R, Husseiny RJ, Yasser R, Sharaf S, Adel V, Naeem Y, Nicola YNF, Kamel A, Hozaien R, Fouda R. The role of miRNAs in viral myocarditis, and its possible implication in induction of mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines-induced myocarditis. BULLETIN OF THE NATIONAL RESEARCH CENTRE 2022; 46:267. [PMID: 36415483 PMCID: PMC9672617 DOI: 10.1186/s42269-022-00955-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several reports of unheeded complications secondary to the current mass international rollout of SARS-COV-2 vaccines, one of which is myocarditis occurring with the FDA fully approved vaccine, Pfizer, and others. MAIN BODY OF THE ABSTRACT Certain miRNAs (non-coding RNA sequences) are involved in the pathogenesis in viral myocarditis, and those miRNAs are interestingly upregulated in severe COVID-19. We hypothesize that the use of mRNA-based vaccines may be triggering the release of host miRNAs or that trigger the occurrence of myocarditis. This is based on the finding of altered host miRNA expression promoting virus-induced myocarditis. SHORT CONCLUSION In conclusion, miRNAs are likely implicated in myocarditis associated with mRNA vaccines. Our hypothesis suggests the use of miRNA as a biomarker for the diagnosis of mRNA vaccine-induced myocarditis. Additionally, the interplay between viral miRNA and the host immune system could alter inflammatory profiles, hence suggesting the use of therapeutic inhibition to prevent such complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine AbdelMassih
- Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Pediatrics’ Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, P.O. Box 12411, Cairo, Egypt
- Pediatric Cardio-Oncology Clinic, Children Cancer Hospital of Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hala Agha
- Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Pediatrics’ Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, P.O. Box 12411, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sonia El-Saiedi
- Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Pediatrics’ Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, P.O. Box 12411, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amal El-Sisi
- Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Pediatrics’ Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, P.O. Box 12411, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Meryam El Shershaby
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanya Gaber
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Habiba-Allah Ismail
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nadine El-Husseiny
- Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Pixagon Graphic Design Agency, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abeer Reda Amin
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aly ElBoraie
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aya Ayad
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Esraa Menshawey
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fady Sefein
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim Ihab Osman
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mai Moursi
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maram Hanafy
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mariam Sherif Abdelaziz
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mariem Badr Arsanyous
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mariam Khaled-Ibn-El-Walid
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa Gamal Tawfik
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Menna Habib
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mina Ehab Mansour
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mirette Ashraf
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ayman Khattab
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nada Alshehry
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nada Hafez
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Naheel Essam ElDeeb
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nirvana Ashraf
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noha Khalil
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noheir Ismail AbdElSalam
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noura Shebl
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nouran Gamal Ali Hafez
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nourhan Hatem Youssef
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Odette Bahnan
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Passant Ismail
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Peter Kelada
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rahma Menshawey
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rana Saeed
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reem Jalal Husseiny
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reem Yasser
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Safa Sharaf
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Veronia Adel
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Youstina Naeem
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Youstina Nagy Farid Nicola
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aya Kamel
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rafeef Hozaien
- Student and Internship Research Program (Research Accessibility Team), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Raghda Fouda
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Hardin LT, Xiao N. miRNAs: The Key Regulator of COVID-19 Disease. Int J Cell Biol 2022; 2022:1645366. [PMID: 36345541 PMCID: PMC9637033 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1645366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
As many parts of the world continue to fight the innumerable waves of COVID-19 infection, SARS-CoV-2 continues to sculpt its antigenic determinants to enhance its virulence and evolvability. Several vaccines were developed and used around the world, and oral antiviral medications are being developed against SARS-CoV-2. However, studies showed that the virus is mutating in line with the antibody's neutralization escape; thus, new therapeutic alternatives are solicited. We hereby review the key role that miRNAs can play as epigenetic mediators of the cross-talk between SARS-CoV-2 and the host cells. The limitations resulting from the "virus intelligence" to escape and antagonize the host miRNAs as well as the possible mechanisms that could be used in the viral evasion strategies are discussed. Lastly, we suggest new therapeutic approaches based on viral miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Tahrani Hardin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences at the Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, 94103 CA, USA
| | - Nan Xiao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences at the Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, 94103 CA, USA
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8
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Micro-Players of Great Significance-Host microRNA Signature in Viral Infections in Humans and Animals. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810536. [PMID: 36142450 PMCID: PMC9504570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Over time, more and more is becoming known about micro-players of great significance. This is particularly the case for microRNAs (miRNAs; miR), which have been found to participate in the regulation of many physiological and pathological processes in both humans and animals. One such process is viral infection in humans and animals, in which the host miRNAs—alone or in conjunction with the virus—interact on two levels: viruses may regulate the host’s miRNAs to evade its immune system, while the host miRNAs can play anti- or pro-viral roles. The purpose of this comprehensive review is to present the key miRNAs involved in viral infections in humans and animals. We summarize the data in the available literature, indicating that the signature miRNAs in human viral infections mainly include 12 miRNAs (i.e., miR-155, miR-223, miR-146a, miR-122, miR-125b, miR-132, miR-34a, miR -21, miR-16, miR-181 family, let-7 family, and miR-10a), while 10 miRNAs are commonly found in animals (i.e., miR-155, miR-223, miR-146a, miR-145, miR-21, miR-15a/miR-16 cluster, miR-181 family, let-7 family, and miR-122) in this context. Knowledge of which miRNAs are involved in different viral infections and the biological functions that they play can help in understanding the pathogenesis of viral diseases, facilitating the future development of therapeutic agents for both humans and animals.
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9
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Poly(rC) binding protein 1 benefits coxsackievirus B3 infection via suppressing the translation of p62/SQSTM1. Virus Res 2022; 318:198851. [PMID: 35764193 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) is a positive single-strand RNA virus causing myocarditis, pancreatitis and meningitis. During CVB3 infection, various host cellular components, including proteins and non-coding RNAs, interact with the virus and affect viral infection. Poly(rC) binding protein 1 (PCBP1) is a multifunctional RNA binding protein regulating transcription, translation and mRNA stability of a variety of genes. In this study, we observed a significant reduction of PCBP1 protein during CVB3 infection. By bioinformatic prediction and luciferase-assay verification, we confirmed that the expression of PCBP1 was directly inhibited by miR-21, a microRNA upregulated during CVB3 infection. Furthermore, we found that overexpression of PCBP1 promoted CVB3 infection and knocking down of PCBP1 inhibited it. In the subsequent mechanism study, our results revealed that PCBP1 blocked the translation of p62/SQSTM1 (sequestosome 1), an autophagy-receptor protein suppressing CVB3 replication, by interacting with the cis-element in the 5' untranslational region (5' UTR) of p62/SQSTM1. In summary, our studies have identified PCBP1 as a beneficial factor for CVB3 infection. These findings may deepen the understanding of host-virus interactions and provide a potential target for intervention of CVB3 infection.
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10
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MicroRNA-324-3p Plays A Protective Role Against Coxsackievirus B3-Induced Viral Myocarditis. Virol Sin 2021; 36:1585-1599. [PMID: 34632544 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-021-00441-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral myocarditis (VM) is an inflammatory disease of the myocardium associated with heart failure, which is caused by common viral infections. A majority of the infections are initiated by coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have a major role in various biological processes, including gene expression, cell growth, proliferation, and apoptosis, as well as viral infection and antiviral immune responses. Although, miRNAs have been found to regulate viral infections, their role in CVB3 infection remains poorly understood. In the previous study, miRNA microarray results showed that miR-324-3p expression levels were significantly increased when cells and mice were infected with CVB3. It was also found that miR-324-3p downregulated TRIM27 and decreased CVB3 replication in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, analysis of downstream signaling of TRIM27 revealed that, miR-324-3p inhibited CVB3 infection, and reduced cytopathic effect and viral plaque formation by reducing the expression of TRIM27. In vivo, miR-324-3p decreased the expression of TRIM27, reduced cardiac viral replication and load, thereby strongly attenuating cardiac injury and inflammation. Taken together, this study suggests that miR-324-3p targets TRIM27 to inhibit CVB3 replication and viral load, thereby reducing the cardiac injury associated with VM.
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11
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Elabd NS, Tayel SI, Elhamouly MS, Hassanein SA, Kamaleldeen SM, Ahmed FE, Rizk M, Gadallah AA, Ajlan SE, Sief AS. Evaluation of MicroRNA-122 as a Biomarker for Chronic Hepatitis C Infection and as a Predictor for Treatment Response to Direct-Acting Antivirals. Hepat Med 2021; 13:9-23. [PMID: 33758557 PMCID: PMC7979684 DOI: 10.2147/hmer.s292251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Treatment response to antiviral drugs is a challenging issue in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Although microRNA-122 represents the majority of the microRNA content in hepatic tissues, few studies have evaluated its role in the treatment response, so we aimed to study its role in chronic HCV patients and in predicting the treatment response to direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). Methods The study included 125 chronic HCV patients (89 naïve and 36 with a prior failed peginterferon/ribavirin response) and 50 apparently healthy subjects. Complete blood count, liver function, α-fetoprotein, lipid profiles, serum creatinine, abdominal ultrasound, and FibroScan® were assessed. Viral markers, HCV antibodies, and hepatitis B surface antigen were measured by enzyme-linked fluorescent immunoassay, with quantitative estimation of HCV RNA and microRNA-122 levels by real-time PCR. Results The microRNA-122 level in HCV patients (those with a sustained virologic response 12 weeks after finishing therapy [SVR12] and non-responders) was significantly increased compared with controls and expressed more in non-responders versus SVR12 (p=0.042). ROC curve analysis of microRNA-122 for differentiating HCV patients from healthy controls revealed that a cut-off point of >1.45 had a sensitivity of 67.20%, specificity of 94.0%, AUC=0.861, and p<0.001; and for predicting response to treatment a cut-off point ≤5.66 could significantly (p=0.022) predict the occurrence of SVR, with a sensitivity of 60.34%, specificity of 66.67%, and AUC=0.729. Logistic regression analysis showed significant values for microRNA-122 in multivariate and univariate analysis for the prediction of response to DAAs. Conclusion The results demonstrated the possible function of microRNA-122 as an indicative tool for distinguishing chronic HCV patients from controls and in the assessment of the therapeutic reaction to DAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naglaa S Elabd
- Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Safaa I Tayel
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Moamena S Elhamouly
- Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa A Hassanein
- Diagnostic Radiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Samar M Kamaleldeen
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Fatma E Ahmed
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Rizk
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Banha University, Banha, Egypt
| | - Abdelnaser A Gadallah
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Soma E Ajlan
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Sief
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology Department, Shebin Elkom Teaching Hospital, Menoufia, Egypt
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12
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Aweida D, Cohen S. Breakdown of Filamentous Myofibrils by the UPS-Step by Step. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11010110. [PMID: 33467597 PMCID: PMC7830001 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein degradation maintains cellular integrity by regulating virtually all biological processes, whereas impaired proteolysis perturbs protein quality control, and often leads to human disease. Two major proteolytic systems are responsible for protein breakdown in all cells: autophagy, which facilitates the loss of organelles, protein aggregates, and cell surface proteins; and the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), which promotes degradation of mainly soluble proteins. Recent findings indicate that more complex protein structures, such as filamentous assemblies, which are not accessible to the catalytic core of the proteasome in vitro, can be efficiently degraded by this proteolytic machinery in systemic catabolic states in vivo. Mechanisms that loosen the filamentous structure seem to be activated first, hence increasing the accessibility of protein constituents to the UPS. In this review, we will discuss the mechanisms underlying the disassembly and loss of the intricate insoluble filamentous myofibrils, which are responsible for muscle contraction, and whose degradation by the UPS causes weakness and disability in aging and disease. Several lines of evidence indicate that myofibril breakdown occurs in a strictly ordered and controlled manner, and the function of AAA-ATPases is crucial for their disassembly and loss.
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13
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Cohen S. Role of calpains in promoting desmin filaments depolymerization and muscle atrophy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118788. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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14
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Abels ER, Maas SLN, Nieland L, Wei Z, Cheah PS, Tai E, Kolsteeg CJ, Dusoswa SA, Ting DT, Hickman S, El Khoury J, Krichevsky AM, Broekman MLD, Breakefield XO. Glioblastoma-Associated Microglia Reprogramming Is Mediated by Functional Transfer of Extracellular miR-21. Cell Rep 2020; 28:3105-3119.e7. [PMID: 31533034 PMCID: PMC6817978 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are primary, diffusely infiltrating brain tumors. Microglia are innate immune cells in the CNS and make up a substantial portion of the tumor mass. Glioma cells shape their microenvironment, communicating with and reprogramming surrounding cells, resulting in enhanced angiogenesis, immune suppression, and remodeling of the extracellular matrix. Glioma cells communicate with microglia, in part by releasing extracellular vesicles (EVs). Mouse glioma cells stably expressing a palmitoylated GFP to label EVs were implanted intracranially into syngeneic miR-21-null mice. Here, we demonstrate functional delivery of miR-21, regulating specific downstream mRNA targets in microglia after uptake of tumor-derived EVs. These findings attest to EV-dependent microRNA delivery as studied in an in vivo-based model and provide insight into the reprograming of microglial cells by tumor cells to create a favorable microenvironment for cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik R Abels
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and NeuroDiscovery Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA.
| | - Sybren L N Maas
- Department of Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lisa Nieland
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and NeuroDiscovery Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Zhiyun Wei
- Department of Neurology, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pike See Cheah
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and NeuroDiscovery Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Eric Tai
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Christy-Joy Kolsteeg
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and NeuroDiscovery Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Sophie A Dusoswa
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunology Institute and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - David T Ting
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Suzanne Hickman
- Center for Immunology & Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Joseph El Khoury
- Center for Immunology & Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Anna M Krichevsky
- Department of Neurology, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marike L D Broekman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery, Haaglanden Medical Center, 2512 VA The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Xandra O Breakefield
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and NeuroDiscovery Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA.
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15
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Hincapie V, Gallego-Gómez JC. TRANSICIÓN EPITELIO-MESÉNQUIMA INDUCIDA POR VIRUS. ACTA BIOLÓGICA COLOMBIANA 2020. [DOI: 10.15446/abc.v26n1.79358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
La Transición Epitelio-Mesénquima (EMT) es un proceso de dediferenciación altamente conservado en vertebrados. Este ocurre en células epiteliales con la activación progresiva de la pérdida de la polaridad, la adquisición de motilidad individual y la capacidad invasiva a otros tejidos. La EMT es un proceso normal durante el desarrollo; no obstante, en condiciones patológicas está relacionada con la inducción de metástasis, lo cual representa una vía alterna al desarrollo de procesos oncogénicos tempranos. Aunque la EMT es activada principalmente por factores de crecimiento, también se puede desencadenar por infecciones de patógenos intracelulares mediante la activación de rutas moleculares inductoras de este proceso. Por lo tanto, una infección bacteriana o viral pueda generar predisposición al desarrollo de tumores. Nuestro interés está enfocado principalmente encaracterizar la relación virus-hospedero, y en el caso de los virus, varios ya se han descrito como inductores de la EMT. En este artículo de revisión se describenelfenómeno de la plasticidad celular y la ocurrencia detallada del proceso de EMT, los patógenos virales reportados como inductores, los mecanismos moleculares usados para ello y las vías de regulación mediante miRNAs. Por último, se discute cómo esta relación virus-hospedero puede explicar la patogénesis de la enfermedad causada por Dengue virus, favoreciendo la identificación de blancos moleculares para terapia, estrategia conocida como Antivirales dirigidos a blancos celulares o HTA (Host-targeting antivirals).
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16
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Yeruva S, Kempf E, Egu DT, Flaswinkel H, Kugelmann D, Waschke J. Adrenergic Signaling-Induced Ultrastructural Strengthening of Intercalated Discs via Plakoglobin Is Crucial for Positive Adhesiotropy in Murine Cardiomyocytes. Front Physiol 2020; 11:430. [PMID: 32508670 PMCID: PMC7253624 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Intercalated discs (ICDs), which connect adjacent cardiomyocytes, are composed of desmosomes, adherens junctions (AJs) and gap junctions (GJs). Previous data demonstrated that adrenergic signaling enhances cardiac myocyte cohesion, referred to as positive adhesiotropy, via PKA-mediated phosphorylation of plakoglobin (PG). However, it was unclear whether positive adhesiotropy caused ultrastructural modifications of ICDs. Therefore, we further investigated the role of PG in adrenergic signaling-mediated ultrastructural changes in the ICD of cardiomyocytes. Quantitative transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of ICD demonstrated that cAMP elevation caused significant elongation of area composita and thickening of the ICD plaque, paralleled by enhanced cardiomyocyte cohesion, in WT but not PG-deficient cardiomyocytes. STED microscopy analysis supported that cAMP elevation ex vivo enhanced overlap of desmoglein-2 (Dsg2) and N-cadherin (N-cad) staining in ICDs of WT but not PG-deficient cardiomyocytes. For dynamic analyses, we utilized HL-1 cardiomyocytes, in which cAMP elevation induced translocation of Dsg2 and PG but not of N-cad to cell junctions. Nevertheless, depletion of N-cad but not of Dsg2 resulted in a decrease in basal cell cohesion whereas positive adhesiotropy was abrogated in monolayers depleted for either Dsg2 or N-cad. In the WT mice, ultrastrutural changes observed after cAMP elevation were paralleled by phosphorylation of PG at serine 665. Our data demonstrate that in murine hearts adrenergic signaling enhanced N-cad and Dsg2 in the ICD paralleled by ultrastrutural strengthening of ICDs and that effects induced by positive adhesiotropy were strictly dependent on Pg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Yeruva
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ellen Kempf
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Desalegn Tadesse Egu
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Daniela Kugelmann
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Waschke
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
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17
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Zhao G, Zhang HM, Qiu Y, Ye X, Yang D. Cleavage of Desmosomal Cadherins Promotes γ-Catenin Degradation and Benefits Wnt Signaling in Coxsackievirus B3-Induced Destruction of Cardiomyocytes. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:767. [PMID: 32457708 PMCID: PMC7225294 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) is the primary etiologic agent of viral myocarditis, a major heart disease that occurs predominantly in children and young adolescents. In the heart, intercalated disks (ICD) are important structural formations that connect adjacent cardiomyocytes to maintain cardiac architecture and mediate signal communication. Deficiency in ICD components, such as desmosome proteins, leads to heart dysfunction. γ-catenin, a component protein of desmosomes, normally binds directly to desmocollin-2 and desmoglein-2. In this study, we found that CVB3 infection downregulated γ-catenin at the protein level but not the mRNA level in mouse HL-1 cardiomyocytes. We further found that this reduction of γ-catenin protein is a result of ubiquitin proteasome-mediated degradation, since the addition of proteasome inhibitor MG132 inhibited γ-catenin downregulation. In addition, we found that desmocollin-2 and desmoglein-2 were cleaved by both viral protease 3C and virus-activated cellular caspase, respectively. These cleavages led to the release of bound γ-catenin from the desmosome into the cytosol, resulting in rapid degradation of γ-catenin. Since γ-catenin shares high sequence homology with β-catenin in binding the TCF/LEF transcription factor, we further studied the effect of γ-catenin degradation on Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Luciferase assay showed that γ-catenin expression inhibited Wnt/β-catenin signaling. This finding was substantiated by qPCR to show that overexpression of γ-catenin downregulated transcription of Wnt signal target genes, c-myc and MMP9, while silencing γ-catenin upregulated these target genes. Finally, we demonstrated that γ-catenin expression inhibited CVB3 replication. In search for the underlying mechanism, we found that silencing γ-catenin caused down-regulation of interferon-β and its stimulated antiviral genes MDA5, MAVS, and ISG15. Taken together, our results indicate, for the first time, that CVB3 infection causes cardiomyocyte death through, at least in part, direct damage to the desmosome structure and reduction of γ-catenin protein, which in return promotes Wnt/β-catenin signaling and downregulates interferon-β stimulated immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangze Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Huifang M Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ye Qiu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Ye
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Decheng Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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18
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Abstract
Intercalated discs (ICDs) are highly orchestrated structures that connect neighboring cardiomyocytes in the heart. Three major complexes are distinguished in ICD: desmosome, adherens junction (AJ), and gap junction (GJ). Desmosomes are major cell adhesion junctions that anchor cell membrane to the intermediate filament network; AJs connect the actin cytoskeleton of adjacent cells; and gap junctions metabolically and electrically connect the cytoplasm of adjacent cardiomyocytes. All these complexes work as a single unit, the so-called area composita, interdependently rather than individually. Mutation or altered expression of ICD proteins results in various cardiac diseases, such as ARVC (arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy), dilated cardiomyopathy, and hypotrophy cardiomyopathy, eventually leading to heart failure. In this article, we first review the recent findings on the structural organization of ICD and their functions and then focus on the recent advances in molecular pathogenesis of the ICD-related heart diseases, which include two major areas: i) the ICD gene mutations in cardiac diseases, and ii) the involvement of ICD proteins in signal transduction pathways leading to myocardium remodeling and eventual heart failure. These major ICD-related signaling pathways include Wnt/β-catenin pathway, p38 MAPK cascade, Rho-dependent serum response factor (SRF) signaling, calcineurin/NFAT signaling, Hippo kinase cascade, etc., which are differentially regulated in pathological conditions.
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19
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Bouin A, Semler BL. Picornavirus Cellular Remodeling: Doubling Down in Response to Viral-Induced Inflammation. CURRENT CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2020; 7:31-37. [PMID: 32704466 PMCID: PMC7377643 DOI: 10.1007/s40588-020-00138-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review To highlight recent findings on how picornavirus infections of the airways and cardiac tissues impact cellular inflammation and remodeling events. Recent Findings Recent published work has revealed that although many picornavirus infections appear to be initially asymptomatic, there are significant disease sequelae that result from chronic or persistent infections and the long-term, pathogenic effects on host tissues. Summary Because many acute picornavirus infections are asymptomatic, it is difficult to diagnose these pathologies at the early stages of disease. As a result, we must rely on preventative measures (i.e., vaccination) or discover novel treatments to reverse tissue damage and remodeling in affected individuals. Both of these strategies will require a comprehensive knowledge of virus-and cell-specific replication determinants and how these processes induce pathogenic effects in infected cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Bouin
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics and Center for Virus Research, School of Medicine, University of California, Med Sci Bldg, Room B237, Irvine, CA 92697-4025, USA
| | - Bert L Semler
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics and Center for Virus Research, School of Medicine, University of California, Med Sci Bldg, Room B237, Irvine, CA 92697-4025, USA
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20
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Zhang HM, Qiu Y, Zhao G, Wang H, Chen YT, Aghakeshmiri S, Hanson P, Yang D. Cleavage and degradation of EDEM1 promotes coxsackievirus B3 replication via ATF6a-mediated unfolded protein response signalling. Cell Microbiol 2020; 22:e13198. [PMID: 32083795 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study of coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3)-induced unfolded protein responses (UPR) found that overexpression of ATF6a enhances CVB3 VP1 capsid protein production and increases viral particle formation. These findings implicate that ATF6a signalling benefits CVB3 replication. However, the mechanism by which ATF6a signalling is transduced to promote virus replication is unclear. In this study, using a Tet-On inducible ATF6a HeLa cell line, we found that ATF6a signalling downregulated the protein expression of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) degradation-enhancing α-mannosidase-like protein 1 (EDEM1), resulting in accumulation of CVB3 VP1 protein; in contrast, expression of a dominant negative ATF6a had the opposite effect. Furthermore, we found that EDEM1 was cleaved by both CVB3 protease 3C and virus-activated caspase and subsequently degraded via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. However, overexpression of EDEM1 caused VP1 degradation, likely via a glycosylation-independent and ubiquitin-lysosome pathway. Finally, we demonstrated that CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of EDEM1 increased VP1 accumulation and thus CVB3 replication. This is the first study to report the ER protein quality control of non-enveloped RNA virus and reveals a novel mechanism by which CVB3 evades host ER quality control pathways through cleavage and degradation of the UPR target gene EDEM1, to ultimately benefit its own replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang M Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,The Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ye Qiu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Guangze Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,The Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yankuan T Chen
- The Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Sana Aghakeshmiri
- The Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Paul Hanson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,The Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Decheng Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,The Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
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21
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Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is an enormous socioeconomic burden worldwide and remains a leading cause of mortality and disability despite significant efforts to improve treatments and personalize healthcare. Heart failure is the main manifestation of cardiovascular disease and has reached epidemic proportions. Heart failure follows a loss of cardiac homeostasis, which relies on a tight regulation of gene expression. This regulation is under the control of multiple types of RNA molecules, some encoding proteins (the so-called messenger RNAs) and others lacking protein-coding potential, named noncoding RNAs. In this review article, we aim to revisit the notion of regulatory RNA, which has been thus far mainly confined to noncoding RNA. Regulatory RNA, which we propose to abbreviate as regRNA, can include both protein-coding RNAs and noncoding RNAs, as long as they contribute, directly or indirectly, to the regulation of gene expression. We will address the regulation and functional role of messenger RNAs, microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and circular RNAs (ie, regRNAs) in heart failure. We will debate the utility of regRNAs to diagnose, prognosticate, and treat heart failure, and we will provide directions for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Blanche Schroen
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (B.S., E.L.R., S.H.)
| | - Gabriela M. Kuster
- Clinic of Cardiology and Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Switzerland (G.M.K.)
| | - Emma L. Robinson
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (B.S., E.L.R., S.H.)
| | - Kerrie Ford
- Imperial College London, United Kingdom (K.F., C.E.)
| | - Iain B. Squire
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (I.B.S.)
| | - Stephane Heymans
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (B.S., E.L.R., S.H.)
| | | | | | - Yvan Devaux
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg (C.P.d.C.G., Y.D.)
| | - On behalf of the EU-CardioRNA COST Action (CA17129)
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg (C.P.d.C.G., Y.D.)
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (B.S., E.L.R., S.H.)
- Clinic of Cardiology and Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Switzerland (G.M.K.)
- Imperial College London, United Kingdom (K.F., C.E.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (I.B.S.)
- IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy (F.M.)
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22
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A novel circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network identifies circ-YOD1 as a biomarker for coronary artery disease. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18314. [PMID: 31797949 PMCID: PMC6892882 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54603-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in many physiological functions. Whether circulating circRNAs serve as markers for coronary artery disease (CAD) is unknown. Seven CAD-related microarray datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and were analyzed using clustering and functional enrichment to identify hub mRNAs and miRNAs. StarBase V3.0 and circinteractome databases were used to predict interactions between circRNAs and miRNAs whereas miRwalk and DIANA TOOLS were used to predict interactions between miRNAs and mRNAs. Altogether, this helped establish a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA triple network for diagnosis of CAD. Five non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) were identified in our study population with the use of quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR). The prognostic values of circYOD1, hsa-miR-21-3p and hsa-miR-296-3p were evaluated using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. A CAD circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network was established from our analyses containing one circRNA, four miRNAs and thirteen mRNAs. After performing RT-PCR validation between CAD and non-CAD samples, only three ncRNAs of five ncRNAs showed significance for further analysis. The area under ROC curve (AUC) of circ-YOD1 was 0.824, the AUC of hsa-miR-21-3p was 0.731 and hsa-miR-296-3p was 0.776. The pairwise comparison results showed that circ-YOD1 had statistical significance (PYOD1-21 < 0.01 and PYOD1-296 < 0.05). The results of functional enrichment analysis of interacting genes and microRNAs showed that the shared circ-YOD1 may act as a new biomarker for CAD. Our investigation of the triple regulatory networks of circRNA-miRNA-mRNA in CAD revealed circ-YOD1 as a potential biomarker for CAD.
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23
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He F, Xiao Z, Yao H, Li S, Feng M, Wang W, Liu Z, Liu Z, Wu J. The protective role of microRNA-21 against coxsackievirus B3 infection through targeting the MAP2K3/P38 MAPK signaling pathway. J Transl Med 2019; 17:335. [PMID: 31585536 PMCID: PMC6778380 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-2077-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway plays an essential role in CVB3-induced diseases. We previously demonstrated microRNA-21 has potential inhibitory effect on the MAP2K3 which locates upstream of P38 MAPK and was upregulated in mouse hearts upon CVB3 infection. However, the effect and underlying mechanism of miRNA-21 on CVB3 infection remain unclear. Methods We detected continuous changes of cellular miRNA-21 and P38 MAPK proteins expression profiling post CVB3 infection in vitro within 12 h. P38 MAPK signaling was inhibited by the specific inhibitor, small interfering RNA and miRNA-21 mimic in vitro, CVB3 replication, cell apoptosis rate and proliferation were detected. Viral load in the mice heart, cardiomyocyte apoptosis rate and histological of the heart were also detected in the mice model of viral myocarditis pretreated with miRNA-21-lentivirus. Results We observed significant upregulation of miRNA-21 expression followed by suppression of the MAP2K3/P38 MAPK signaling in CVB3-infected Hela cells. The inactivation of the MAP2K3/P38 MAPK signaling by P38 MAPK specific inhibitor, small interfering RNA against MAP2K3, or miRNA-21 overexpression significantly inhibited viral progeny release from CVB3-infected cells. Mechanistically, when compared with control miRNA, miRNA-21 showed no effect on capsid protein VP1 expression and viral load within host cells, while significantly reversing CVB3-induced caspase-3 activation and cell apoptosis rate, further promoting proliferation of infected cells, which indicates the inhibitory effect of miRNA-21 on CVB3 progeny release. In the in vivo study, when compared with control miRNA, miRNA-21 pretreatment remarkably inactivated the MAP2K3/P38 MAPK signaling in mice and protected them against CVB3 infection as evidenced by significantly alleviated cell apoptosis rate, reduced viral titers, necrosis in the heart as well as by remarkably prolonged survival time. Conclusions miRNA-21 were reverse correlated with P38 MAPK activation post CVB3 infection, miRNA-21 overexpression significantly inhibited viral progeny release and decreased myocytes apoptosis rate in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that miRNA-21 may serve as a potential therapeutic agent against CVB3 infection through targeting the MAP2K3/P38 MAPK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng He
- Department of Biochemistry & Immunology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics-Peking University Teaching Hospital, YaBao Road 2, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Zonghui Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry & Immunology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, YaBao Road 2, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Hailan Yao
- Department of Biochemistry & Immunology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, YaBao Road 2, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Sen Li
- Department of Biochemistry & Immunology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, YaBao Road 2, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Miao Feng
- Department of Biochemistry & Immunology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, YaBao Road 2, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry & Immunology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, YaBao Road 2, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Zhewei Liu
- Department of Biochemistry & Immunology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, YaBao Road 2, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- Department of Biochemistry & Immunology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, YaBao Road 2, Beijing, 100020, China.
| | - Jianxin Wu
- Department of Biochemistry & Immunology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics-Peking University Teaching Hospital, YaBao Road 2, Beijing, 100020, China. .,Department of Biochemistry & Immunology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, YaBao Road 2, Beijing, 100020, China.
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24
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Galata Z, Kloukina I, Kostavasili I, Varela A, Davos CH, Makridakis M, Bonne G, Capetanaki Y. Amelioration of desmin network defects by αB-crystallin overexpression confers cardioprotection in a mouse model of dilated cardiomyopathy caused by LMNA gene mutation. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 125:73-86. [PMID: 30342008 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The link between the cytoplasmic desmin intermediate filaments and those of nuclear lamins serves as a major integrator point for the intracellular communication between the nucleus and the cytoplasm in cardiac muscle. We investigated the involvement of desmin in the cardiomyopathy caused by the lamin A/C gene mutation using the LmnaH222P/H222P mouse model of the disease. We demonstrate that in these mouse hearts desmin loses its normal Z disk and intercalated disc localization and presents aggregate formation along with mislocalization of basic intercalated disc protein components, as well as severe structural abnormalities of the intercalated discs and mitochondria. To address the extent by which the observed desmin network defects contribute to the progression of LmnaH222P/H222P cardiomyopathy, we investigated the consequences of desmin-targeted approaches for the disease treatment. We showed that cardiac-specific overexpression of the small heat shock protein αΒ-Crystallin confers cardioprotection in LmnaH222P/H222P mice by ameliorating desmin network defects and by attenuating the desmin-dependent mislocalization of basic intercalated disc protein components. In addition, αΒ-Crystallin overexpression rescues the intercalated disc, mitochondrial and nuclear defects of LmnaH222P/H222P hearts, as well as the abnormal activation of ERK1/2. Consistent with that, by generating the LmnaH222P/H222PDes+/- mice, we showed that the genetically decreased endogenous desmin levels have cardioprotective effects in LmnaH222P/H222P hearts since less desmin is available to form dysfunctional aggregates. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that desmin network disruption, disorganization of intercalated discs and mitochondrial defects are a major mechanism contributing to the progression of this LMNA cardiomyopathy and can be ameliorated by αΒ-Crystallin overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoi Galata
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Ismini Kloukina
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Ioanna Kostavasili
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Aimilia Varela
- Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Constantinos H Davos
- Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Manousos Makridakis
- Center of Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Gisѐle Bonne
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMRS-974, Center for Research in Myology, Institut de Myologie, G.H. Pitié Salpêtrière, F-75651 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Yassemi Capetanaki
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece.
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25
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Abstract
During the last years, it has become evident that miRNAs are important players in almost all physiological and pathological processes, including viral infections. Enterovirus infections range from mild to severe acute infections concerning several organ systems and are also associated with chronic diseases. In this review, we summarize the findings on the impact of acute and persistent enterovirus infection on the expression of cellular miRNAs. Furthermore, the currently available data on the regulation of cellular or viral targets by the dysregulated miRNAs are reviewed. Finally, a translational perspective, namely the use of miRNAs as biomarkers of enterovirus infection and as antiviral strategy is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilka Engelmann
- a Laboratoire de Virologie EA3610, Faculté de Médecine, CHU Lille, University of Lille , Lille , France
| | - Enagnon Kazali Alidjinou
- a Laboratoire de Virologie EA3610, Faculté de Médecine, CHU Lille, University of Lille , Lille , France
| | - Antoine Bertin
- a Laboratoire de Virologie EA3610, Faculté de Médecine, CHU Lille, University of Lille , Lille , France
| | - Famara Sane
- a Laboratoire de Virologie EA3610, Faculté de Médecine, CHU Lille, University of Lille , Lille , France
| | - Didier Hober
- a Laboratoire de Virologie EA3610, Faculté de Médecine, CHU Lille, University of Lille , Lille , France
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26
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Aweida D, Rudesky I, Volodin A, Shimko E, Cohen S. GSK3-β promotes calpain-1-mediated desmin filament depolymerization and myofibril loss in atrophy. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:3698-3714. [PMID: 30061109 PMCID: PMC6168250 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201802018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation by protein kinase GSK3-β is essential for desmin filament depolymerization by calpain-1 and the resulting myofibril destruction in muscle atrophy. Myofibril breakdown is a fundamental cause of muscle wasting and inevitable sequel of aging and disease. We demonstrated that myofibril loss requires depolymerization of the desmin cytoskeleton, which is activated by phosphorylation. Here, we developed a mass spectrometry–based kinase-trap assay and identified glycogen synthase kinase 3-β (GSK3-β) as responsible for desmin phosphorylation. GSK3-β inhibition in mice prevented desmin phosphorylation and depolymerization and blocked atrophy upon fasting or denervation. Desmin was phosphorylated by GSK3-β 3 d after denervation, but depolymerized only 4 d later when cytosolic Ca2+ levels rose. Mass spectrometry analysis identified GSK3-β and the Ca2+-specific protease, calpain-1, bound to desmin and catalyzing its disassembly. Consistently, calpain-1 down-regulation prevented loss of phosphorylated desmin and blocked atrophy. Thus, phosphorylation of desmin filaments by GSK3-β is a key molecular event required for calpain-1–mediated depolymerization, and the subsequent myofibril destruction. Consequently, GSK3-β represents a novel drug target to prevent myofibril breakdown and atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Aweida
- Faculty of Biology, Technion Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Inga Rudesky
- Faculty of Biology, Technion Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Eitan Shimko
- Faculty of Biology, Technion Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shenhav Cohen
- Faculty of Biology, Technion Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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27
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Tsikitis M, Galata Z, Mavroidis M, Psarras S, Capetanaki Y. Intermediate filaments in cardiomyopathy. Biophys Rev 2018; 10:1007-1031. [PMID: 30027462 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-018-0443-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermediate filament (IF) proteins are critical regulators in health and disease. The discovery of hundreds of mutations in IF genes and posttranslational modifications has been linked to a plethora of human diseases, including, among others, cardiomyopathies, muscular dystrophies, progeria, blistering diseases of the epidermis, and neurodegenerative diseases. The major IF proteins that have been linked to cardiomyopathies and heart failure are the muscle-specific cytoskeletal IF protein desmin and the nuclear IF protein lamin, as a subgroup of the known desminopathies and laminopathies, respectively. The studies so far, both with healthy and diseased heart, have demonstrated the importance of these IF protein networks in intracellular and intercellular integration of structure and function, mechanotransduction and gene activation, cardiomyocyte differentiation and survival, mitochondrial homeostasis, and regulation of metabolism. The high coordination of all these processes is obviously of great importance for the maintenance of proper, life-lasting, and continuous contraction of this highly organized cardiac striated muscle and consequently a healthy heart. In this review, we will cover most known information on the role of IFs in the above processes and how their deficiency or disruption leads to cardiomyopathy and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Tsikitis
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephesiou, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Zoi Galata
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephesiou, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Manolis Mavroidis
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephesiou, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Stelios Psarras
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephesiou, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Yassemi Capetanaki
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephesiou, 11527, Athens, Greece.
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28
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Genetics of and pathogenic mechanisms in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. Biophys Rev 2018; 10:973-982. [PMID: 29995277 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-018-0437-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is an inherited heart disease, associated with a high risk of sudden cardiac death. ARVC has been termed a 'disease of the desmosome' based on the fact that in many cases, it is caused by mutations in genes encoding desmosomal proteins at the specialised intercellular junctions between cardiomyocytes, the intercalated discs. Desmosomes maintain the structural integrity of the ventricular myocardium and are also implicated in signal transduction pathways. Mutated desmosomal proteins are thought to cause detachment of cardiac myocytes by the loss of cellular adhesions and also affect signalling pathways, leading to cell death and substitution by fibrofatty adipocytic tissue. However, mutations in desmosomal proteins are not the sole cause for ARVC as mutations in non-desmosomal genes were also implicated in its pathogenesis. This review will consider the pathology, genetic basis and mechanisms of pathogenesis for ARVC.
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29
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Cai J, Culley MK, Zhao Y, Zhao J. The role of ubiquitination and deubiquitination in the regulation of cell junctions. Protein Cell 2017; 9:754-769. [PMID: 29080116 PMCID: PMC6107491 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-017-0486-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of cell junctions plays a crucial role in the regulation of cellular functions including cell proliferation, permeability, and cell death. Disruption of cell junctions is implicated in a variety of human disorders, such as inflammatory diseases and cancers. Understanding molecular regulation of cell junctions is important for development of therapeutic strategies for intervention of human diseases. Ubiquitination is an important type of post-translational modification that primarily regulates endogenous protein stability, receptor internalization, enzyme activity, and protein-protein interactions. Ubiquitination is tightly regulated by ubiquitin E3 ligases and can be reversed by deubiquitinating enzymes. Recent studies have been focusing on investigating the effect of protein stability in the regulation of cell-cell junctions. Ubiquitination and degradation of cadherins, claudins, and their interacting proteins are implicated in epithelial and endothelial barrier disruption. Recent studies have revealed that ubiquitination is involved in regulation of Rho GTPases’ biological activities. Taken together these studies, ubiquitination plays a critical role in modulating cell junctions and motility. In this review, we will discuss the effects of ubiquitination and deubiquitination on protein stability and expression of key proteins in the cell-cell junctions, including junction proteins, their interacting proteins, and small Rho GTPases. We provide an overview of protein stability in modulation of epithelial and endothelial barrier integrity and introduce potential future search directions to better understand the effects of ubiquitination on human disorders caused by dysfunction of cell junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junting Cai
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Asthma, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.,Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Miranda K Culley
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Asthma, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Yutong Zhao
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Asthma, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Jing Zhao
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Asthma, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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30
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NANDAKUMAR P, LEE D, RICHARD MA, TEKOLA-AYELE F, TAYO BO, WARE E, SUNG YJ, SALAKO B, OGUNNIYI A, GU CC, GROVE ML, FORNAGE M, KARDIA S, ROTIMI C, COOPER RS, MORRISON AC, EHRET G, CHAKRAVARTI A. Rare coding variants associated with blood pressure variation in 15 914 individuals of African ancestry. J Hypertens 2017; 35:1381-1389. [PMID: 28234671 PMCID: PMC5451310 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000001319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hypertension is a major risk factor for all cardiovascular diseases, especially among African Americans. This study focuses on identifying specific blood pressure (BP) genes using 15 914 individuals of African ancestry from eight cohorts (Africa America Diabetes Mellitus, Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, Coronary Artery Risk Development in young Adults, Genetics Network, Genetic Epidemiology Network of Arteriopathy, Howard University Family Study, Hypertension Genetic Epidemiology Network, and Loyola University Chicago Cohort) to further genetic findings in this population which has generally been underrepresented in BP studies. METHODS We genotyped and performed various single variant and gene-based exome-wide analyses on 15 914 individuals on the Illumina HumanExome Beadchip v1.0 or v1.1 to test association with SBP and DBP long-term average residuals that were adjusted for age, age-squared, sex, and BMI. RESULTS We identified rare variants affecting SBP and DBP in 10 genes: AFF1, GAPDHS, SLC28A3, COL6A1, CRYBA2, KRBA1, SEL1L3, YOD1, CCDC13, and QSOX1. Prior experimental evidence for six of these 10 candidate genes supports their involvement in cardiovascular mechanisms, corroborating their potential roles in BP regulation. CONCLUSION Although our results require replication or validation due to their low numbers of carriers, and an ethnicity-specific genotyping array may be more informative, this study, which has identified several candidate genes in this population most susceptible to hypertension, presents one of the largest African-ancestry BP studies to date and the largest including analysis of rare variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka NANDAKUMAR
- McKusick - Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Dongwon LEE
- McKusick - Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Melissa A. RICHARD
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Fasil TEKOLA-AYELE
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Bamidele O. TAYO
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL
| | - Erin WARE
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Yun Ju SUNG
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | | | | | - C. Charles GU
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Megan L. GROVE
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Myriam FORNAGE
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Sharon KARDIA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Charles ROTIMI
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Richard S. COOPER
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL
| | - Alanna C. MORRISON
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston TX
| | - Georg EHRET
- McKusick - Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Specialties of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Aravinda CHAKRAVARTI
- McKusick - Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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31
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Genetic and epigenetic regulation of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:2064-2069. [PMID: 28454914 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (AC) is most commonly characterized as a disease of the intercalated disc that promotes abnormal cardiac conduction. Previously, arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy was frequently referred to as arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/dysplasia (ARVC/D); however, genotype-phenotype studies have defined a broader phenotypic spectrum; with the identification of left-dominant and biventricular subtypes. Molecular insight into AC has primarily focused on mutations in desmosomal proteins and the downstream signaling pathways; however, desmosomal gene mutations can only be identified in approximately 50% of patients with AC. Animal and cellular studies have shown that in addition to abnormal biomechanical properties from changes in desmosome function, crosstalk from the desmosome to the nucleus, gap junctions, and ion channels are implicated in the pathobiology of AC. In this review, we highlight some of the newly identified genetic and epigenetic mechanisms that may lead to the development of AC including the role of the Hippo pathway and microRNAs. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Genetic and epigenetic control of heart failure - edited by Jun Ren & Megan Yingmei Zhang.
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Deubiquitinase YOD1 potentiates YAP/TAZ activities through enhancing ITCH stability. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:4691-4696. [PMID: 28416659 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1620306114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hippo signaling controls the expression of genes regulating cell proliferation and survival and organ size. The regulation of core components in the Hippo pathway by phosphorylation has been extensively investigated, but the roles of ubiquitination-deubiquitination processes are largely unknown. To identify deubiquitinase(s) that regulates Hippo signaling, we performed unbiased siRNA screening and found that YOD1 controls biological responses mediated by YAP/TAZ. Mechanistically, YOD1 deubiquitinates ITCH, an E3 ligase of LATS, and enhances the stability of ITCH, which leads to reduced levels of LATS and a subsequent increase in the YAP/TAZ level. Furthermore, we show that the miR-21-mediated regulation of YOD1 is responsible for the cell-density-dependent changes in YAP/TAZ levels. Using a transgenic mouse model, we demonstrate that the inducible expression of YOD1 enhances the proliferation of hepatocytes and leads to hepatomegaly in a YAP/TAZ-activity-dependent manner. Moreover, we find a strong correlation between YOD1 and YAP expression in liver cancer patients. Overall, our data strongly suggest that YOD1 is a regulator of the Hippo pathway and would be a therapeutic target to treat liver cancer.
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33
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Kim GW, Lee SH, Cho H, Kim M, Shin EC, Oh JW. Hepatitis C Virus Core Protein Promotes miR-122 Destabilization by Inhibiting GLD-2. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005714. [PMID: 27366906 PMCID: PMC4930175 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver-specific microRNA miR-122, which has essential roles in liver development and metabolism, is a key proviral factor for hepatitis C virus (HCV). Despite its crucial role in the liver and HCV life cycle, little is known about the molecular mechanism of miR-122 expression regulation by HCV infection. Here, we show that the HCV core protein downregulates the abundance of miR-122 by promoting its destabilization via the inhibition of GLD-2, a non-canonical cytoplasmic poly(A) polymerase. The decrease in miR-122 expression resulted in the dysregulation of the known functions of miR-122, including its proviral activity for HCV. By high-throughput sequencing of small RNAs from human liver biopsies, we found that the 22-nucleotide (nt) prototype miR-122 is modified at its 3' end by 3'-terminal non-templated and templated nucleotide additions. Remarkably, the proportion of miR-122 isomers bearing a single nucleotide tail of any ribonucleotide decreased in liver specimens from patients with HCV. We found that these single-nucleotide-tailed miR-122 isomers display increased miRNA activity and stability over the 22-nt prototype miR-122 and that the 3'-terminal extension is catalyzed by the unique terminal nucleotidyl transferase activity of GLD-2, which is capable of adding any single ribonucleotide without preference of adenylate to the miR-122 3' end. The HCV core protein specifically inhibited GLD-2, and its interaction with GLD-2 in the cytoplasm was found to be responsible for miR-122 downregulation. Collectively, our results provide new insights into the regulatory role of the HCV core protein in controlling viral RNA abundance and miR-122 functions through miR-122 stability modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geon-Woo Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Hoon Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Cho
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minwoo Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eui-Cheol Shin
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jong-Won Oh
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Viral myocarditis remains a prominent infectious-inflammatory disease for patients throughout the lifespan. The condition presents several challenges including varied modes of clinical presentation, a range of timepoints when patients come to attention, a diversity of approaches to diagnosis, a spectrum of clinical courses, and unsettled perspectives on therapeutics in different patient settings and in the face of different viral pathogens. In this review, we examine current knowledge about viral heart disease and especially provide information on evolving understanding of mechanisms of disease and efforts by investigators to identify and evaluate potential therapeutic avenues for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Fung
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (G.F., H.L., Y.Q., D.Y., B.M.), Centre for Heart Lung Innovation (G.F., H.L., Y.Q., D.Y., B.M.), Centre of Excellence for Prevention of Organ Failure (PROOF Centre), and Institute for Heart + Lung Health, St. Paul's Hospital (B.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Honglin Luo
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (G.F., H.L., Y.Q., D.Y., B.M.), Centre for Heart Lung Innovation (G.F., H.L., Y.Q., D.Y., B.M.), Centre of Excellence for Prevention of Organ Failure (PROOF Centre), and Institute for Heart + Lung Health, St. Paul's Hospital (B.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ye Qiu
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (G.F., H.L., Y.Q., D.Y., B.M.), Centre for Heart Lung Innovation (G.F., H.L., Y.Q., D.Y., B.M.), Centre of Excellence for Prevention of Organ Failure (PROOF Centre), and Institute for Heart + Lung Health, St. Paul's Hospital (B.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Decheng Yang
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (G.F., H.L., Y.Q., D.Y., B.M.), Centre for Heart Lung Innovation (G.F., H.L., Y.Q., D.Y., B.M.), Centre of Excellence for Prevention of Organ Failure (PROOF Centre), and Institute for Heart + Lung Health, St. Paul's Hospital (B.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bruce McManus
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (G.F., H.L., Y.Q., D.Y., B.M.), Centre for Heart Lung Innovation (G.F., H.L., Y.Q., D.Y., B.M.), Centre of Excellence for Prevention of Organ Failure (PROOF Centre), and Institute for Heart + Lung Health, St. Paul's Hospital (B.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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Qiu Y, Ye X, Hanson PJ, Zhang HM, Zong J, Cho B, Yang D. Hsp70-1: upregulation via selective phosphorylation of heat shock factor 1 during coxsackieviral infection and promotion of viral replication via the AU-rich element. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:1067-84. [PMID: 26361762 PMCID: PMC11108310 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2036-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) is the primary pathogen of viral myocarditis. Upon infection, CVB3 exploits the host cellular machineries, such as chaperone proteins, to benefit its own infection cycles. Inducible heat shock 70-kDa proteins (Hsp70s) are chaperone proteins induced by various cellular stress conditions. The internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) within Hsp70 mRNA allows Hsp70 to be translated cap-independently during CVB3 infection when global cap-dependent translation is compromised. The Hsp70 protein family contains two major members, Hsp70-1 and Hsp70-2. This study showed that Hsp70-1, but not Hsp70-2, was upregulated during CVB3 infection both in vitro and in vivo. Then a novel mechanism of Hsp70-1 induction was revealed in which CaMKIIγ is activated by CVB3 replication and leads to phosphorylation of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) specifically at Serine 230, which enhances Hsp70-1 transcription. Meanwhile, phosphorylation of Ser230 induces translocation of HSF1 from the cytoplasm to nucleus, thus blocking the ERK1/2-mediated phosphorylation of HSF1 at Ser307, a negative regulatory process of Hsp70 transcription, further contributing to Hsp70-1 upregulation. Finally, we demonstrated that Hsp70-1 upregulation, in turn, stabilizes CVB3 genome via the AU-rich element (ARE) harbored in the 3' untranslated region of CVB3 genomic RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Qiu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia and St. Paul's Hospital, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Xin Ye
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia and St. Paul's Hospital, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Paul J Hanson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia and St. Paul's Hospital, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Huifang Mary Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia and St. Paul's Hospital, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Jeff Zong
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia and St. Paul's Hospital, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Brian Cho
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia and St. Paul's Hospital, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Decheng Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada.
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia and St. Paul's Hospital, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada.
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Ho BC, Yang PC, Yu SL. MicroRNA and Pathogenesis of Enterovirus Infection. Viruses 2016; 8:v8010011. [PMID: 26751468 PMCID: PMC4728571 DOI: 10.3390/v8010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There are no currently available specific antiviral therapies for non-polio Enterovirus infections. Although several vaccines have entered clinical trials, the efficacy requires further evaluation, particularly for cross-strain protective activity. Curing patients with viral infections is a public health problem due to antigen alterations and drug resistance caused by the high genomic mutation rate. To conquer these limits in the development of anti-Enterovirus treatments, a comprehensive understanding of the interactions between Enterovirus and host cells is urgently needed. MicroRNA (miRNA) constitutes the biggest family of gene regulators in mammalian cells and regulates almost a half of all human genes. The roles of miRNAs in Enterovirus pathogenesis have recently begun to be noted. In this review, we shed light on recent advances in the understanding of Enterovirus infection-modulated miRNAs. The impacts of altered host miRNAs on cellular processes, including immune escape, apoptosis, signal transduction, shutdown of host protein synthesis and viral replication, are discussed. Finally, miRNA-based medication provides a promising strategy for the development of antiviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Ching Ho
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1 Chang-Te Street, Taipei 10048, Taiwan.
- Center of Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10048, Taiwan.
| | - Pan-Chyr Yang
- Center of Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10048, Taiwan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10048, Taiwan.
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10048, Taiwan.
| | - Sung-Liang Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1 Chang-Te Street, Taipei 10048, Taiwan.
- Center of Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10048, Taiwan.
- Center for Optoelectronic Biomedicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10048, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10048, Taiwan.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10048, Taiwan.
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Thottakara T, Friedrich FW, Reischmann S, Braumann S, Schlossarek S, Krämer E, Juhr D, Schlüter H, van der Velden J, Münch J, Patten M, Eschenhagen T, Moog-Lutz C, Carrier L. The E3 ubiquitin ligase Asb2β is downregulated in a mouse model of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and targets desmin for proteasomal degradation. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 87:214-24. [PMID: 26343497 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is an autosomal-dominant disease with mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Previous findings suggest deregulation of the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) in HCM in humans and in a mouse model of HCM (Mybpc3-targeted knock-in (KI) mice). In this study we investigated transcript levels of several muscle-specific E3 ubiquitin ligases in KI mice and aimed at identifying novel protein targets. METHODS AND RESULTS Out of 9 muscle-specific E3 ligases, Asb2β was found with the lowest mRNA level in KI compared to wild-type (WT) mice. After adenoviral-mediated Asb2β transduction of WT neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes with either a WT or inactive Asb2β mutant, desmin was identified as a new target of Asb2β by mass spectrometry, co-immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed a co-localization of desmin with Asb2β at the Z-disk of the sarcomere. Knock-down of Asb2β in cardiomyocytes resulted in higher desmin protein levels. Furthermore, desmin levels were higher in ventricular samples of HCM mice and patients than controls. CONCLUSIONS This study identifies desmin as a new Asb2β target for proteasomal degradation in cardiomyocytes and suggests that accumulation of desmin could contribute to UPS impairment in HCM mice and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilo Thottakara
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany;; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany;; University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Felix W Friedrich
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany;; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany;.
| | - Silke Reischmann
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany;; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Simon Braumann
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany;; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Saskia Schlossarek
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany;; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Krämer
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany;; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Denise Juhr
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Schlüter
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jolanda van der Velden
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Julia Münch
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany;; University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Monica Patten
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany;; University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Eschenhagen
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany;; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christel Moog-Lutz
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, CNRS, Toulouse, France;; Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Lucie Carrier
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany;; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany;.
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Wu J, Shen L, Chen J, Xu H, Mao L. The role of microRNAs in enteroviral infections. Braz J Infect Dis 2015; 19:510-6. [PMID: 26342975 PMCID: PMC9427576 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Enterovirus, a member of the Picornavirus family, are RNA viruses that can cause poliomyelitis, hand-food-mouth disease, viral meningitis or meningoencephalitis, viral myocarditis and so on. MicroRNAs are a class of highly conserved, small noncoding RNAs recognized as important regulators of gene expression. Recent studies found that MicroRNAs play a significant role in the infection of Enterovirus, such as enterovirus 71, coxsackievirus B3 and other Enterovirus. Enteroviral infection can alter the expression of cellular MicroRNAs, and cellular MicroRNAs can modulate viral pathogenesis and replication by regulating the expression level of viral or host's genes. Herein, this review summarizes the role of MicroRNAs in enteroviral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhenjiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jianguo Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhenjiang First People's Hospital, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Huaxi Xu
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lingxiang Mao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhenjiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China; School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Sailani MR, Santoni FA, Letourneau A, Borel C, Makrythanasis P, Hibaoui Y, Popadin K, Bonilla X, Guipponi M, Gehrig C, Vannier A, Carre-Pigeon F, Feki A, Nizetic D, Antonarakis SE. DNA-Methylation Patterns in Trisomy 21 Using Cells from Monozygotic Twins. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135555. [PMID: 26317209 PMCID: PMC4552626 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is essential in mammalian development. We have hypothesized that methylation differences induced by trisomy 21 (T21) contribute to the phenotypic characteristics and heterogeneity in Down syndrome (DS). In order to determine the methylation differences in T21 without interference of the interindividual genomic variation, we have used fetal skin fibroblasts from monozygotic (MZ) twins discordant for T21. We also used skin fibroblasts from MZ twins concordant for T21, normal MZ twins without T21, and unrelated normal and T21 individuals. Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing (RRBS) revealed 35 differentially methylated promoter regions (DMRs) (Absolute methylation differences = 25%, FDR < 0.001) in MZ twins discordant for T21 that have also been observed in comparison between unrelated normal and T21 individuals. The identified DMRs are enriched for genes involved in embryonic organ morphogenesis (FDR = 1.60 e -03) and include genes of the HOXB and HOXD clusters. These DMRs are maintained in iPS cells generated from this twin pair and are correlated with the gene expression changes. We have also observed an increase in DNA methylation level in the T21 methylome compared to the normal euploid methylome. This observation is concordant with the up regulation of DNA methyltransferase enzymes (DNMT3B and DNMT3L) and down regulation of DNA demethylation enzymes (TET2 and TET3) observed in the iPSC of the T21 versus normal twin. Altogether, the results of this study highlight the epigenetic effects of the extra chromosome 21 in T21 on loci outside of this chromosome that are relevant to DS associated phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Reza Sailani
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- National Center of Competence in Research Frontiers in Genetics Program, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Federico A. Santoni
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Audrey Letourneau
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- National Center of Competence in Research Frontiers in Genetics Program, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christelle Borel
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Periklis Makrythanasis
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Youssef Hibaoui
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hôpital Cantonal Fribourgeois, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Konstantin Popadin
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ximena Bonilla
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Michel Guipponi
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Corinne Gehrig
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anne Vannier
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Frederique Carre-Pigeon
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Reims, Service de Genetique et de Biologie de la Reproduction, CECOS, Hopital Maison Blanche, F-51092 Reims, France
| | - Anis Feki
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hôpital Cantonal Fribourgeois, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Dean Nizetic
- The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London E1 2AT, United Kingdom
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Unit 04–11, Proteos Building, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Stylianos E. Antonarakis
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- National Center of Competence in Research Frontiers in Genetics Program, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- iGE3 institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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40
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Li Z, Deng X, Kang Z, Wang Y, Xia T, Ding N, Yin Y. Elevation of miR-21, through targeting MKK3, may be involved in ischemia pretreatment protection from ischemia-reperfusion induced kidney injury. J Nephrol 2015; 29:27-36. [PMID: 26149640 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-015-0217-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) causes acute kidney injury (AKI), and ischemia pretreatment may exert protection. Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3 (MKK3), which is involved in the signal transduction pathway in IR-induced injury, is a potential target of miR-21. We aimed to verify the targeting regulation of miR-21 on MKK3 and to explore the effects of miR-21-mediated MKK3 expression changes in AKI. METHODS Vectors containing the MKK3 3'UTR and mutated MKK3-3U-M were constructed and co-transfected with nonsense miR, miR-21-5p mimics or inhibitor in HEK293 cells. Gene expressions were detected by dual luciferase reporter assay. The effects of miR-21 on mRNA and protein of MKK3 were investigated in HK-2 cells. Male C57BL/6J mice were treated with ischemic preconditioning (IPC) and IR. Kidney functions were assessed through monitoring serum creatinine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Pathological changes were observed and scored with histological samples of kidney. Expression levels of miR-21, MKK3, interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α before and after IPC and IR were examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and/or immunohistochemistry. RESULTS miR-21 regulated the expression of MKK3 via 3'UTR. Following IR, MKK3, IL-6 and TNF-α levels were increased. Scr, BUN and pathological injuries were aggravated, and miR-21 expression was increased. IPC increased miR-21 levels ahead of IR and inhibited the increases in MKK3, IL-6 and TNF-α levels and the aggravation of Scr, BUN and pathological injuries. CONCLUSIONS miR-21 targets MKK3 in vivo and in vitro, inhibiting the downstream factors IL-6 and TNF-α. Therefore, miR-21 might be involved in protection of IPC against IR of the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Li
- Department of Nephrology of Hunan Children's Hospital, Hunan Institute for Pediatric Research, 86 Ziyuan Road, Changsha, 410007, Hunan, People's Republic of China. .,Academy of Pediatrics of University of South China, 86 Ziyuan Road, Changsha, 410007, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xu Deng
- Department of Nephrology of Hunan Children's Hospital, Hunan Institute for Pediatric Research, 86 Ziyuan Road, Changsha, 410007, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Academy of Pediatrics of University of South China, 86 Ziyuan Road, Changsha, 410007, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijuan Kang
- Department of Nephrology of Hunan Children's Hospital, Hunan Institute for Pediatric Research, 86 Ziyuan Road, Changsha, 410007, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Academy of Pediatrics of University of South China, 86 Ziyuan Road, Changsha, 410007, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Nephrology of Hunan Children's Hospital, Hunan Institute for Pediatric Research, 86 Ziyuan Road, Changsha, 410007, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Academy of Pediatrics of University of South China, 86 Ziyuan Road, Changsha, 410007, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tuanhong Xia
- Department of Nephrology of Hunan Children's Hospital, Hunan Institute for Pediatric Research, 86 Ziyuan Road, Changsha, 410007, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Academy of Pediatrics of University of South China, 86 Ziyuan Road, Changsha, 410007, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Niu Ding
- Department of Nephrology of Hunan Children's Hospital, Hunan Institute for Pediatric Research, 86 Ziyuan Road, Changsha, 410007, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Academy of Pediatrics of University of South China, 86 Ziyuan Road, Changsha, 410007, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Yin
- Department of Nephrology of Hunan Children's Hospital, Hunan Institute for Pediatric Research, 86 Ziyuan Road, Changsha, 410007, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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Garmaroudi FS, Marchant D, Hendry R, Luo H, Yang D, Ye X, Shi J, McManus BM. Coxsackievirus B3 replication and pathogenesis. Future Microbiol 2015; 10:629-53. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb.15.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Viruses such as coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) are entirely host cell-dependent parasites. Indeed, they must cleverly exploit various compartments of host cells to complete their life cycle, and consequently launch disease. Evolution has equipped this pico-rna-virus, CVB3, to use different strategies, including CVB3-induced direct damage to host cells followed by a host inflammatory response to CVB3 infection, and cell death to super-additively promote target organ tissue injury, and dysfunction. In this update, the patho-stratagems of CVB3 are explored from molecular, and systems-level approaches. In summarizing recent developments in this field, we focus particularly on mechanisms by which CVB3 can harness different host cell processes including kinases, host cell-killing and cell-eating machineries, matrix metalloproteinases and miRNAs to promote disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshid S Garmaroudi
- UBC James Hogg Research Centre, Institute for Heart & Lung Health, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6Z, Canada
| | - David Marchant
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Reid Hendry
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Honglin Luo
- UBC James Hogg Research Centre, Institute for Heart & Lung Health, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6Z, Canada
| | - Decheng Yang
- UBC James Hogg Research Centre, Institute for Heart & Lung Health, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6Z, Canada
| | - Xin Ye
- UBC James Hogg Research Centre, Institute for Heart & Lung Health, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6Z, Canada
| | - Junyan Shi
- UBC James Hogg Research Centre, Institute for Heart & Lung Health, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6Z, Canada
| | - Bruce M McManus
- UBC James Hogg Research Centre, Institute for Heart & Lung Health, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6Z, Canada
- Centre of Excellence for Prevention of Organ Failure, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Abstract
Desmosomes are cell-cell junctions that mediate adhesion and couple the intermediate filament cytoskeleton to sites of cell-cell contact. This architectural arrangement integrates adhesion and cytoskeletal elements of adjacent cells. The importance of this robust adhesion system is evident in numerous human diseases, both inherited and acquired, which occur when desmosome function is compromised. This review focuses on autoimmune and infectious diseases that impair desmosome function. In addition, we discuss emerging evidence that desmosomal genes are often misregulated in cancer. The emphasis of our discussion is placed on the way in which human diseases can inform our understanding of basic desmosome biology and in turn, the means by which fundamental advances in the cell biology of desmosomes might lead to new treatments for acquired diseases of the desmosome.
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Capetanaki Y, Papathanasiou S, Diokmetzidou A, Vatsellas G, Tsikitis M. Desmin related disease: a matter of cell survival failure. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2015; 32:113-20. [PMID: 25680090 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance of the highly organized striated muscle tissue requires a cell-wide dynamic network that through interactions with all vital cell structures, provides an effective mechanochemical integrator of morphology and function, absolutely necessary for intra-cellular and intercellular coordination of all muscle functions. A good candidate for such a system is the desmin intermediate filament cytoskeletal network. Human desmin mutations and post-translational modifications cause disturbance of this network, thus leading to loss of function of both desmin and its binding partners, as well as potential toxic effects of the formed aggregates. Both loss of normal function and gain of toxic function are linked to mitochondrial defects, cardiomyocyte death, muscle degeneration and development of skeletal myopathy and cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassemi Capetanaki
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece.
| | - Stamatis Papathanasiou
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Antigoni Diokmetzidou
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Giannis Vatsellas
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Mary Tsikitis
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
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Han Z, Chen F, Ge X, Tan J, Lei P, Zhang J. miR-21 alleviated apoptosis of cortical neurons through promoting PTEN-Akt signaling pathway in vitro after experimental traumatic brain injury. Brain Res 2014; 1582:12-20. [PMID: 25108037 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of chronic disability and death in young adults worldwide. Multiple cellular, molecular and biochemical changes impact the development and outcome of TBI. Neuronal cell apoptosis, which is an important pathological change in secondary brain damage, is crucial to determine the functional recovery after TBI. miR-21, a widely-reported oncogene, which can reduce cell apoptosis in cancer, has been confirmed to be a pronounced up-regulated miRNA after TBI in animal model. Our study is designed to investigate whether miR-21 has the function of antiapoptosis in experimental TBI model in vitro and to explore the possible regulatory mechanism of miR-21 on neuronal apoptosis. The scratch cell injury was performed to mimic TBI-induced apoptosis in neurons, and miR-21 agomir/antagomir was transfected to up-/down-regulate the miR-21 level. Our data suggests that miR-21 can reduce the number of TUNEL-positive neurons. Meanwhile, miR-21 decreased the expression level of PTEN, and increased the phosphorylation of Akt significantly. In neurons transfected with miR-21 agomir, the expression of Bcl-2 was promoted while the caspase-3, caspase-9 and Bax level were down-regulated, which are crucially the downstream apoptosis-related proteins of PTEN-Akt signaling pathway. In conclusion, miR-21 can exert the function of reducing neuronal apoptosis through activating the PTEN-Akt signaling pathway. Our research provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of neuronal apoptosis following TBI, which reminds that miR-21may be a potential therapeutic target for TBI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoli Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Neurological Institute General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300352, China
| | - Fanglian Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Neurological Institute General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300352, China
| | - Xintong Ge
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Neurological Institute General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300352, China
| | - Jin Tan
- Tianjin Institute of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300352, China
| | - Ping Lei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Neurological Institute General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300352, China; Tianjin Institute of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300352, China.
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Neurological Institute General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300352, China
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