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Gouife M, Ban Z, Yue X, Jiang J, Xie J. Molecular characterization, gene expression and functional analysis of goldfish ( Carassius auratus L.) macrophage colony stimulating factor 2. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1235370. [PMID: 37593738 PMCID: PMC10431942 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1235370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Macrophage colony-stimulating factor 2 (MCSF-2) is an important cytokine that controls how cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage proliferate, differentiate, and survive in vertebrates. Two isoforms of MCSF have been identified in fish, each exhibiting distinct gene organization and expression patterns. In this study, we investigated a goldfish MCSF-2 gene in terms of its immunomodulatory and functional properties. Methods In this study, goldfish were acclimated for 3 weeks and sedated with TMS prior to handling. Two groups of fish were used for infection experiments, and tissues from healthy goldfish were collected for RNA isolation. cDNA synthesis was performed, and primers were designed based on transcriptome database sequences. Analysis of gfMCSF-2 sequences, including nucleotide and amino acid analysis, molecular mass prediction, and signal peptide prediction, was conducted. Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to analyze gene expression levels, while goldfish head kidney leukocytes (HKLs) were isolated using standard protocols. The expression of gfMCSF-2 in activated HKLs was investigated, and recombinant goldfish MCSF-2 was expressed and purified. Western blot analysis, cell proliferation assays, and flow cytometric analysis of HKLs were performed. Gene expression analysis of transcription factors and pro-inflammatory cytokines in goldfish head kidney leukocytes exposed to rgMCSF-2 was conducted. Statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA and Dunnett's post hoc test was applied. Results We performed a comparative analysis of MCSF-1 and MCSF-2 at the protein and nucleotide levels using the Needleman-Wunsch algorithm. The results revealed significant differences between the two sequences, supporting the notion that they represent distinct genes rather than isoforms of the same gene. Sequence alignment demonstrated high sequence identity with MCSF-2 homologs from fish species, particularly C. carpio, which was supported by phylogenetic analysis. Expression analysis in various goldfish tissues demonstrated differential expression levels, with the spleen exhibiting the highest expression. In goldfish head kidney leukocytes, gfMCSF-2 expression was modulated by chemical stimuli and bacterial infection, with upregulation observed in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and live Aeromonas hydrophila. Recombinant gfMCSF-2 (rgMCSF-2) was successfully expressed and purified, showing the ability to stimulate cell proliferation in HKLs. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that rgMCSF-2 induced differentiation of sorted leukocytes at a specific concentration. Moreover, rgMCSF-2 treatment upregulated TNFα and IL-1β mRNA levels and influenced the expression of transcription factors, such as MafB, GATA2, and cMyb, in a time-dependent manner. Conclusion Collectively, by elucidating the effects of rgMCSF-2 on cell proliferation, differentiation, and the modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and transcription factors, our findings provided a comprehensive understanding of the potential mechanisms underlying gfMCSF-2-mediated immune regulation. These results contribute to the fundamental knowledge of MCSF-2 in teleosts and establish a foundation for further investigations on the role of gfMCSF-2 in fish immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moussa Gouife
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ziqi Ban
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinyuan Yue
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianhu Jiang
- Agriculture Ministry Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture, Zhejiang Institule of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiasong Xie
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- National Engineering Research Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
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Prenzler S, Rudrawar S, Waespy M, Kelm S, Anoopkumar-Dukie S, Haselhorst T. The role of sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like-lectin-1 (siglec-1) in immunology and infectious disease. Int Rev Immunol 2023; 42:113-138. [PMID: 34494938 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2021.1931171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Siglec-1, also known as Sialoadhesin (Sn) and CD169 is highly conserved among vertebrates and with 17 immunoglobulin-like domains is Siglec-1 the largest member of the Siglec family. Expression of Siglec-1 is found primarily on dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages and interferon induced monocyte. The structure of Siglec-1 is unique among siglecs and its function as a receptor is also different compared to other receptors in this class as it contains the most extracellular domains out of all the siglecs. However, the ability of Siglec-1 to internalize antigens and to pass them on to lymphocytes by allowing dendritic cells and macrophages to act as antigen presenting cells, is the main reason that has granted Siglec-1's key role in multiple human disease states including atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, autoimmune diseases, cell-cell signaling, immunology, and more importantly bacterial and viral infections. Enveloped viruses for example have been shown to manipulate Siglec-1 to increase their virulence by binding to sialic acids present on the virus glycoproteins allowing them to spread or evade immune response. Siglec-1 mediates dissemination of HIV-1 in activated tissues enhancing viral spread via infection of DC/T-cell synapses. Overall, the ability of Siglec-1 to bind a variety of target cells within the immune system such as erythrocytes, B-cells, CD8+ granulocytes and NK cells, highlights that Siglec-1 is a unique player in these essential processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Prenzler
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Santosh Rudrawar
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mario Waespy
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Department of Biology and Chemistry, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Sørge Kelm
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Department of Biology and Chemistry, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Shailendra Anoopkumar-Dukie
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Thomas Haselhorst
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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3
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Olatunde AC, Cornwall DH, Roedel M, Lamb TJ. Mouse Models for Unravelling Immunology of Blood Stage Malaria. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:1525. [PMID: 36146602 PMCID: PMC9501382 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10091525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria comprises a spectrum of disease syndromes and the immune system is a major participant in malarial disease. This is particularly true in relation to the immune responses elicited against blood stages of Plasmodium-parasites that are responsible for the pathogenesis of infection. Mouse models of malaria are commonly used to dissect the immune mechanisms underlying disease. While no single mouse model of Plasmodium infection completely recapitulates all the features of malaria in humans, collectively the existing models are invaluable for defining the events that lead to the immunopathogenesis of malaria. Here we review the different mouse models of Plasmodium infection that are available, and highlight some of the main contributions these models have made with regards to identifying immune mechanisms of parasite control and the immunopathogenesis of malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tracey J. Lamb
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Emma Eccles Jones Medical Research Building, 15 N Medical Drive E, Room 1420A, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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Xiaocui L, Wei H, Yunlang C, Zhenzhen Z, Min A. CSF-1-induced DC-SIGN + macrophages are present in the ovarian endometriosis. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2022; 20:48. [PMID: 35260161 PMCID: PMC8903642 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-022-00901-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Researchers have found that macrophages are the predominant cells in the peritoneal fluid (PF) of endometriosis patients. CSF-1 has been found to accumulate in the lesions and PF of endometriosis patients, and CSF-1 induces THP-1-derived macrophages to polarize toward a CD169+ DC-SIGN+ phenotype. Does the cytokine CSF-1 induce monocytes to differentiate into macrophages with a DC-SIGN+ phenotype in endometriosis? METHODS The level of CSF-1 in the endometrium of control subjects, and the eutopic, and ectopic endometrium of endometriosis patients was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the PF of control and endometriosis patients. CSF-1 expression was examined with a MILLIPLEX MAP Mouse Cytokine/Chemokine Magnetic Bead Panel. DC-SIGN+ macrophages were detected by immunohistochemical staining of tissues and flow cytometric analysis of the PF of control subjects (N = 25) and endometriosis (N = 35) patients. The phenotypes and biological activities of CSF-1 -induced macrophages were compared in an in vitro coculture system with peripheral blood lymphocytes from control subjects. RESULTS In this study, we found that the proportion of DC-SIGN+ CD169+ macrophages was higher in the abdominal immune microenvironment of endometriosis patients. CSF-1 was primarily secreted from ectopic lesions and peritoneum in mice with endometriosis. In addition, CSF-1 induced the polarization of macrophages toward a DC-SIGN+ CD169+ phenotype; this effect was abolished by the addition of an anti-CSF-1R antibody. CSF-1 induced the generation of DC-SIGN+ macrophages, leading to a depressed status of peripheral blood lymphocytes, including a high percentage of Treg cells and a low percentage of CD8+ T cells. Similarly, blockade with the anti-CSF-1R antibody abrogated this biological effect. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study on the role of DC-SIGN+ macrophages in the immune microenvironment of endometriosis. Further study of the mechanism and biological activities of CSF-1-induced DC-SIGN+ macrophages will enhance our understanding of the physiology of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiaocui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201204, P.R. China
| | - Hong Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201204, P.R. China
| | - Cai Yunlang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zheng Zhenzhen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201204, P.R. China
| | - An Min
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Chen S, Gao Y, Fan Y, Guo S, Zhou J, Liu T, Xu W. The Dynamic Change of Immune Responses Between Acute and Recurrence Stages of Rodent Malaria Infection. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:844975. [PMID: 35250958 PMCID: PMC8891988 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.844975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria infections are persistent as frequent recrudescence of the disease may occur following the acute infection stage, but the different immune responses that control the acute and recrudescence stages are still largely unknown. Using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), we showed that the number of Th1 and plasma cells in the spleen was significantly reduced during the recurrence stage compared to the acute stage of Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS (P. chabaudi) infection. Additionally, the ability of both CD4+ T cell responses and B cells to control P. chabaudi recurrence was significantly reduced compared to their roles in the control of acute infection. In contrast, the number of innate immune cells, including red pulp macrophages (RPMs), gamma delta (γδ) T cells, and Dendritic cells (DCs) were significantly increased during the recurrence stage and showed to be critical for P. chabaudi infection recurrence control. Thus, our data strongly suggest the complementary role of innate immune responses in controlling malaria recrudescence when adaptive immune responses are suppressed. These findings shed new light on the development of immune interventions against malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suilin Chen
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanli Gao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongling Fan
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuai Guo
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Institute of Immunology, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Jian Zhou,
| | - Taiping Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China
- Taiping Liu,
| | - Wenyue Xu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China
- Wenyue Xu,
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6
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Macrophage Activation in the Dorsal Root Ganglion in Rats Developing Autotomy after Peripheral Nerve Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312801. [PMID: 34884605 PMCID: PMC8657625 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autotomy, self-mutilation of a denervated limb, is common in animals after peripheral nerve injury (PNI) and is a reliable proxy for neuropathic pain in humans. Understanding the occurrence and treatment of autotomy remains challenging. The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence of autotomy in nude and Wistar rats and evaluate the differences in macrophage activation and fiber sensitization contributing to the understanding of autotomy behavior. Autotomy in nude and Wistar rats was observed and evaluated 6 and 12 weeks after sciatic nerve repair surgery. The numbers of macrophages and the types of neurons in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) between the two groups were compared by immunofluorescence studies. Immunostaining of T cells in the DRG was also assessed. Nude rats engaged in autotomy with less frequency than Wistar rats. Autotomy symptoms were also relatively less severe in nude rats. Immunofluorescence studies revealed increased macrophage accumulation and activation in the DRG of Wistar rats. The percentage of NF200+ neurons was higher at 6 and 12 weeks in Wistar rats compared to nude rats, but the percentage of CGRP+ neurons did not differ between two groups. Additionally, macrophages were concentrated around NF200-labeled A fibers. At 6 and 12 weeks following PNI, CD4+ T cells were not found in the DRG of the two groups. The accumulation and activation of macrophages in the DRG may account for the increased frequency and severity of autotomy in Wistar rats. Our results also suggest that A fiber neurons in the DRG play an important role in autotomy.
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7
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Li HW, Tang SL. Colony Stimulating Factor-1 and its Receptor in Gastrointestinal Malignant Tumors. J Cancer 2021; 12:7111-7119. [PMID: 34729112 PMCID: PMC8558652 DOI: 10.7150/jca.60379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal malignant tumor is the fourth most common cancer in the world and the second cause of cancer death. Due to the susceptibility to lymphatic metastasis and liver metastasis, the prognosis of advanced tumor patients is still poor till now. With the development of tumor molecular biology, the tumor microenvironment and the cytokines, which are closely related to the proliferation, infiltration and metastasis, have become a research hotspot in life sciences. Colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1), a polypeptide chain cytokine, and its receptor CSF-1R are reported to play important roles in regulating tumor-associated macrophages in tumor microenvironment and participating in the occurrence and development in diversities of cancers. Targeted inhibition of the CSF-1/CSF-1R signal axis has broad application prospects in cancer immunotherapy. Here, we reviewed the biological characters of CSF-1/CSF-1R and their relationship with gastrointestinal malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Wu Li
- General Surgery Department, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China, 110032
| | - Shi-Lei Tang
- General Surgery Department, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China, 110032
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8
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Sehgal A, Irvine KM, Hume DA. Functions of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF1) in development, homeostasis, and tissue repair. Semin Immunol 2021; 54:101509. [PMID: 34742624 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2021.101509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF1) is the primary growth factor required for the control of monocyte and macrophage differentiation, survival, proliferation and renewal. Although the cDNAs encoding multiple isoforms of human CSF1 were cloned in the 1980s, and recombinant proteins were available for testing in humans, CSF1 has not yet found substantial clinical application. Here we present an overview of CSF1 biology, including evolution, regulation and functions of cell surface and secreted isoforms. CSF1 is widely-expressed, primarily by cells of mesenchymal lineages, in all mouse tissues. Cell-specific deletion of a floxed Csf1 allele in mice indicates that local CSF1 production contributes to the maintenance of tissue-specific macrophage populations but is not saturating. CSF1 in the circulation is controlled primarily by receptor-mediated clearance by macrophages in liver and spleen. Administration of recombinant CSF1 to humans or animals leads to monocytosis and expansion of tissue macrophage populations and growth of the liver and spleen. In a wide variety of tissue injury models, CSF1 administration promotes monocyte infiltration, clearance of damaged cells and repair. We suggest that CSF1 has therapeutic potential in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Sehgal
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Katharine M Irvine
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David A Hume
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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Huang W, Wang D, Yao YF. Understanding the pathogenesis of infectious diseases by single-cell RNA sequencing. MICROBIAL CELL 2021; 8:208-222. [PMID: 34527720 PMCID: PMC8404151 DOI: 10.15698/mic2021.09.759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Infections are highly orchestrated and dynamic processes, which involve both pathogen and host. Transcriptional profiling at the single-cell level enables the analysis of cell diversity, heterogeneity of the immune response, and detailed molecular mechanisms underlying infectious diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. Herein, we highlight recent remarkable advances in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technologies and their applications in the investigation of host-pathogen interactions, current challenges and potential prospects for disease treatment are discussed as well. We propose that with the aid of scRNA-seq, the mechanism of infectious diseases will be further revealed thus inspiring the development of novel interventions and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqiu Huang
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Danni Wang
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yu-Feng Yao
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai 200025, China
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10
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Jian JY, Inoue SI, Bayarsaikhan G, Miyakoda M, Kimura D, Kimura K, Nozaki E, Sakurai T, Fernandez-Ruiz D, Heath WR, Yui K. CD49d marks Th1 and Tfh-like antigen-specific CD4+ T cells during Plasmodium chabaudi infection. Int Immunol 2021; 33:409-422. [PMID: 33914894 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxab020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon activation, specific CD4+ T cells up-regulate the expression of CD11a and CD49d, surrogate markers of pathogen-specific CD4+ T cells. However, using T-cell receptor transgenic mice specific for a Plasmodium antigen, termed PbT-II, we found that activated CD4+ T cells develop not only to CD11ahiCD49dhi cells, but also to CD11ahiCD49dlo cells during acute Plasmodium infection. CD49dhi PbT-II cells, localized in the red pulp of spleens, expressed transcription factor T-bet and produced IFN-γ, indicating that they were type 1 helper T (Th1)-type cells. In contrast, CD49dlo PbT-II cells resided in the white pulp/marginal zones and were a heterogeneous population, with approximately half of them expressing CXCR5 and a third expressing Bcl-6, a master regulator of follicular helper T (Tfh) cells. In adoptive transfer experiments, both CD49dhi and CD49dlo PbT-II cells differentiated into CD49dhi Th1-type cells after stimulation with antigen-pulsed dendritic cells, while CD49dhi and CD49dlo phenotypes were generally maintained in mice infected with Plasmodium chabaudi. These results suggest that CD49d is expressed on Th1-type Plasmodium-specific CD4+ T cells, which are localized in the red pulp of the spleen, and can be used as a marker of antigen-specific Th1 CD4+ T cells, rather than that of all pathogen-specific CD4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiun-Yu Jian
- Division of Immunology, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan.,Program for Nurturing Global Leaders in Tropical and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Inoue
- Division of Immunology, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan.,Program for Nurturing Global Leaders in Tropical and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Ganchimeg Bayarsaikhan
- Division of Immunology, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Mana Miyakoda
- Division of Immunology, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kimura
- Division of Immunology, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kazumi Kimura
- Division of Immunology, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Eriko Nozaki
- Core Laboratory for Proteomics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Kyorin University, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Sakurai
- Department of Molecular Predictive Medicine and Sport Science, School of Medicine, Kyorin University, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daniel Fernandez-Ruiz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - William R Heath
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katsuyuki Yui
- Division of Immunology, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan.,Program for Nurturing Global Leaders in Tropical and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan.,School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan.,Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
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11
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Brand RM, Moore BA, Zyhowski A, Siegel A, Uttam S, Metter EJ, Engstrom J, Brand RE, Biswas N, Whitcomb DC, Binion DG, Schwartz M, McGowan I. Tofacitinib inhibits inflammatory cytokines from ulcerative colitis and healthy mucosal explants and is associated with pSTAT1/3 reduction in T-cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 320:G396-G410. [PMID: 33355506 PMCID: PMC8202239 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00383.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Poor translatability of animal disease models has hampered the development of new inflammatory bowel disorder (IBD) therapeutics. We describe a preclinical, ex vivo system using freshly obtained and well-characterized human colorectal tissue from patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and healthy control (HC) participants to test potential therapeutics for efficacy and target engagement, using the JAK/STAT inhibitor tofacitinib (TOFA) as a model therapeutic. Colorectal biopsies from HC participants and patients with UC were cultured and stimulated with multiple mitogens ± TOFA. Soluble biomarkers were detected using a 29-analyte multiplex ELISA. Target engagement in CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ T-cells was determined by flow cytometry in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and isolated mucosal mononuclear cells (MMCs) following the activation of STAT1/3 phosphorylation. Data were analyzed using linear mixed-effects modeling, t test, and analysis of variance. Biomarker selection was performed using penalized and Bayesian logistic regression modeling, with results visualized using uniform manifold approximation and projection. Under baseline conditions, 27 of 29 biomarkers from patients with UC were increased versus HC participants. Explant stimulation increased biomarker release magnitude, expanding the dynamic range for efficacy and target engagement studies. Logistic regression analyses identified the most representative UC baseline and stimulated biomarkers. TOFA inhibited biomarkers dependent on JAK/STAT signaling. STAT1/3 phosphorylation in T-cells revealed compartmental differences between PBMCs and MMCs. Immunogen stimulation increases biomarker release in similar patterns for HC participants and patients with UC, while enhancing the dynamic range for pharmacological effects. This work demonstrates the power of ex vivo human colorectal tissue as preclinical tools for evaluating target engagement and downstream effects of new IBD therapeutic agents.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Using colorectal biopsy material from healthy volunteers and patients with clinically defined IBD supports translational research by informing the evaluation of therapeutic efficacy and target engagement for the development of new therapeutic entities. Combining experimental readouts from intact and dissociated tissue enhances our understanding of the tissue-resident immune system that contribute to disease pathology. Bayesian logistic regression modeling is an effective tool for predicting ex vivo explant biomarker release patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhonda M Brand
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Magee-Womens Research Institute and Foundation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Beverley A Moore
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- B.A. Moore Pharmaceutical Consulting, LLC, Collegeville, Pennsylvania
| | - Ashley Zyhowski
- Magee-Womens Research Institute and Foundation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Aaron Siegel
- Magee-Womens Research Institute and Foundation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Shikhar Uttam
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - E Jeffrey Metter
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Jarret Engstrom
- Magee-Womens Research Institute and Foundation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Randall E Brand
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Nabanita Biswas
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - David C Whitcomb
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - David G Binion
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Marc Schwartz
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ian McGowan
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Magee-Womens Research Institute and Foundation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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12
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He X, Xia L, Tumas KC, Wu J, Su XZ. Type I Interferons and Malaria: A Double-Edge Sword Against a Complex Parasitic Disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:594621. [PMID: 33344264 PMCID: PMC7738626 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.594621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFN-Is) are important cytokines playing critical roles in various infections, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. Studies have also shown that IFN-Is exhibit 'conflicting' roles in malaria parasite infections. Malaria parasites have a complex life cycle with multiple developing stages in two hosts. Both the liver and blood stages of malaria parasites in a vertebrate host stimulate IFN-I responses. IFN-Is have been shown to inhibit liver and blood stage development, to suppress T cell activation and adaptive immune response, and to promote production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in animal models. Different parasite species or strains trigger distinct IFN-I responses. For example, a Plasmodium yoelii strain can stimulate a strong IFN-I response during early infection, whereas its isogenetic strain does not. Host genetic background also greatly influences IFN-I production during malaria infections. Consequently, the effects of IFN-Is on parasitemia and disease symptoms are highly variable depending on the combination of parasite and host species or strains. Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7, TLR9, melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5), and cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) coupled with stimulator of interferon genes (STING) are the major receptors for recognizing parasite nucleic acids (RNA/DNA) to trigger IFN-I responses. IFN-I levels in vivo are tightly regulated, and various novel molecules have been identified to regulate IFN-I responses during malaria infections. Here we review the major findings and progress in ligand recognition, signaling pathways, functions, and regulation of IFN-I responses during malaria infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao He
- Malaria Functional Genomics Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Lu Xia
- Malaria Functional Genomics Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Keyla C. Tumas
- Malaria Functional Genomics Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jian Wu
- Malaria Functional Genomics Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Xin-Zhuan Su
- Malaria Functional Genomics Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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13
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Kannambath S, Jarvis JN, Wake RM, Longley N, Loyse A, Matzaraki V, Aguirre-Gamboa R, Wijmenga C, Doyle R, Paximadis M, Tiemessen CT, Kumar V, Pittman A, Meintjes G, Harrison TS, Netea MG, Bicanic T. Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies Novel Colony Stimulating Factor 1 Locus Conferring Susceptibility to Cryptococcosis in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected South Africans. Open Forum Infect Dis 2020; 7:ofaa489. [PMID: 33269293 PMCID: PMC7686661 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cryptococcus is the most common cause of meningitis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected Africans. Despite universal exposure, only 5%-10% of patients with HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome and profound CD4+ T-cell depletion develop disseminated cryptococcosis: host genetic factors may play a role. Prior targeted immunogenetic studies in cryptococcosis have comprised few Africans. Methods We analyzed genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotype data from 524 patients of African descent: 243 cases (advanced HIV with cryptococcal antigenemia and/or cryptococcal meningitis) and 281 controls (advanced HIV, no history of cryptococcosis, negative serum cryptococcal antigen). Results Six loci upstream of the colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) gene, encoding macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) were associated with susceptibility to cryptococcosis at P < 10-6 and remained significantly associated in a second South African cohort (83 cases; 128 controls). Meta-analysis of the genotyped CSF1 SNP rs1999713 showed an odds ratio for cryptococcosis susceptibility of 0.53 (95% confidence interval, 0.42-0.66; P = 5.96 × 10-8). Ex vivo functional validation and transcriptomic studies confirmed the importance of macrophage activation by M-CSF in host defence against Cryptococcus in HIV-infected patients and healthy, ethnically matched controls. Conclusions This first genome-wide association study of susceptibility to cryptococcosis has identified novel and immunologically relevant susceptibility loci, which may help define novel strategies for prevention or immunotherapy of HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichina Kannambath
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom.,National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital and King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph N Jarvis
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.,Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Rachel M Wake
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Clinical Academic Group in Infection, St George's Hospital NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicky Longley
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Loyse
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vicky Matzaraki
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Raúl Aguirre-Gamboa
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Cisca Wijmenga
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ronan Doyle
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Paximadis
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Caroline T Tiemessen
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Vinod Kumar
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Alan Pittman
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Graeme Meintjes
- Department of Medicine and Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Thomas S Harrison
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Clinical Academic Group in Infection, St George's Hospital NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Medicine and Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Department for Genomics & Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tihana Bicanic
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Clinical Academic Group in Infection, St George's Hospital NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
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14
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Prah DA, Amoah LE, Gibbins MP, Bediako Y, Cunnington AJ, Awandare GA, Hafalla JCR. Comparison of leucocyte profiles between healthy children and those with asymptomatic and symptomatic Plasmodium falciparum infections. Malar J 2020; 19:364. [PMID: 33036624 PMCID: PMC7547495 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-020-03435-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immune mechanisms that determine whether a Plasmodium falciparum infection would be symptomatic or asymptomatic are not fully understood. Several studies have been carried out to characterize the associations between disease outcomes and leucocyte numbers. However, the majority of these studies have been conducted in adults with acute uncomplicated malaria, despite children being the most vulnerable group. METHODS Peripheral blood leucocyte subpopulations were characterized in children with acute uncomplicated (symptomatic; n = 25) or asymptomatic (n = 67) P. falciparum malaria, as well as malaria-free (uninfected) children (n = 16) from Obom, a sub-district of Accra, Ghana. Leucocyte subpopulations were enumerated by flow cytometry and correlated with two measures of parasite load: (a) plasma levels of P. falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (PfHRP2) as a proxy for parasite biomass and (b) peripheral blood parasite densities determined by microscopy. RESULTS In children with symptomatic P. falciparum infections, the proportions and absolute cell counts of total (CD3 +) T cells, CD4 + T cells, CD8 + T cells, CD19 + B cells and CD11c + dendritic cells (DCs) were significantly lower as compared to asymptomatic P. falciparum-infected and uninfected children. Notably, CD15 + neutrophil proportions and cell counts were significantly increased in symptomatic children. There was no significant difference in the proportions and absolute counts of CD14 + monocytes amongst the three study groups. As expected, measures of parasite load were significantly higher in symptomatic cases. Remarkably, PfHRP2 levels and parasite densities negatively correlated with both the proportions and absolute numbers of peripheral leucocyte subsets: CD3 + T, CD4 + T, CD8 + T, CD19 + B, CD56 + NK, γδ + T and CD11c + cells. In contrast, both PfHRP2 levels and parasite densities positively correlated with the proportions and absolute numbers of CD15 + cells. CONCLUSIONS Symptomatic P. falciparum infection is correlated with an increase in the levels of peripheral blood neutrophils, indicating a role for this cell type in disease pathogenesis. Parasite load is a key determinant of peripheral cell numbers during malaria infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Ahu Prah
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Medicine, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Linda Eva Amoah
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
- Immunology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Matthew P Gibbins
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Medicine, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation,, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Yaw Bediako
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | | | - Gordon A Awandare
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Julius Clemence R Hafalla
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Medicine, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren B Rodda
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marion Pepper
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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16
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Yui K, Inoue SI. Host-pathogen interaction in the tissue environment during Plasmodium blood-stage infection. Parasite Immunol 2020; 43:e12763. [PMID: 32497249 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human malarial infection occurs after an infectious Anopheles mosquito bites. Following the initial liver-stage infection, parasites transform into merozoites, infecting red blood cells (RBCs). Repeated RBC infection then occurs during the blood-stage infection, while patients experience various malarial symptoms. Protective immune responses are elicited by this systemic infection, but excessive responses are sometimes harmful for hosts. As parasites infect only RBCs and their immediate precursors during this stage, direct parasite-host interactions occur primarily in the environment surrounded by endothelial lining of blood vessels. The spleen is the major organ where the immune system encounters infected RBCs, causing immunological responses. Its tissue structure is markedly altered during malarial infection in mice and humans. Plasmodium falciparum parasites inside RBCs express proteins, such as PfEMP-1 and RIFIN, transported to the RBC surfaces in order to evade immunological attack by sequestering themselves in the peripheral vasculature avoiding spleen or by direct immune cell inhibition through inhibitory receptors. Host cell production of regulatory cytokines IL-10 and IL-27 limits excessive immune responses, avoiding tissue damage. The regulation of the protective and inhibitory immune responses through host-parasite interactions allows chronic Plasmodium infection. In this review, we discuss underlying interaction mechanisms relevant for developing effective strategies against malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuyuki Yui
- Division of Immunology, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.,School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.,Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Inoue
- Division of Immunology, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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17
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Van Bockstal L, Bulté D, Van den Kerkhof M, Dirkx L, Mabille D, Hendrickx S, Delputte P, Maes L, Caljon G. Interferon Alpha Favors Macrophage Infection by Visceral Leishmania Species Through Upregulation of Sialoadhesin Expression. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1113. [PMID: 32582193 PMCID: PMC7296180 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs) induced by an endogenous Leishmania RNA virus or exogenous viral infections have been shown to exacerbate infections with New World Cutaneous Leishmania parasites, however, the impact of type I IFNs in visceral Leishmania infections and implicated mechanisms remain to be unraveled. This study assessed the impact of type I IFN on macrophage infection with L. infantum and L. donovani and the implication of sialoadhesin (Siglec-1/CD169, Sn) as an IFN-inducible surface receptor. Stimulation of bone marrow-derived macrophages with type I IFN (IFN-α) significantly enhanced susceptibility to infection of reference laboratory strains and a set of recent clinical isolates. IFN-α particularly enhanced promastigote uptake. Enhanced macrophage susceptibility was linked to upregulated Sn surface expression as a major contributing factor to the infection exacerbating effect of IFN-α. Stimulation experiments in Sn-deficient macrophages, macrophage pretreatment with a monoclonal anti-Sn antibody or a novel bivalent anti-Sn nanobody and blocking of parasites with soluble Sn restored normal susceptibility levels. Infection of Sn-deficient mice with bioluminescent L. infantum promastigotes revealed a moderate, strain-dependent role for Sn during visceral infection under the used experimental conditions. These data indicate that IFN-responsive Sn expression can enhance the susceptibility of macrophages to infection with visceral Leishmania promastigotes and that targeting of Sn may have some protective effects in early infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieselotte Van Bockstal
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Dimitri Bulté
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Magali Van den Kerkhof
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Laura Dirkx
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Dorien Mabille
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Sarah Hendrickx
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Peter Delputte
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Louis Maes
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Guy Caljon
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
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18
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Abstract
Immunity to malaria has been linked to the availability and function of helper CD4+ T cells, cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and γδ T cells that can respond to both the asymptomatic liver stage and the symptomatic blood stage of Plasmodium sp. infection. These T cell responses are also thought to be modulated by regulatory T cells. However, the precise mechanisms governing the development and function of Plasmodium-specific T cells and their capacity to form tissue-resident and long-lived memory populations are less well understood. The field has arrived at a point where the push for vaccines that exploit T cell-mediated immunity to malaria has made it imperative to define and reconcile the mechanisms that regulate the development and functions of Plasmodium-specific T cells. Here, we review our current understanding of the mechanisms by which T cell subsets orchestrate host resistance to Plasmodium infection on the basis of observational and mechanistic studies in humans, non-human primates and rodent models. We also examine the potential of new experimental strategies and human infection systems to inform a new generation of approaches to harness T cell responses against malaria.
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19
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Manthey CL, Moore BA, Chen Y, Loza MJ, Yao X, Liu H, Belkowski SM, Raymond-Parks H, Dunford PJ, Leon F, Towne JE, Plevy SE. The CSF-1-receptor inhibitor, JNJ-40346527 (PRV-6527), reduced inflammatory macrophage recruitment to the intestinal mucosa and suppressed murine T cell mediated colitis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223918. [PMID: 31710624 PMCID: PMC6844469 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Originally believed to be primarily a disorder of T-cell signaling, evidence shows that macrophage-lineage cells also contribute to the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD). Colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) is a key regulator of the macrophage lineage, but its role in CD has not been well established. We examined transcriptional data from CD mucosa for evidence of CSF-1 pathway activation and tested JNJ-40346527 (PRV-6527), a small molecule inhibitor of CSF-1 receptor kinase (CSF-1R), for its ability to inhibit disease indices in murine colitis. METHODS A CSF-1 pathway gene set was created from microarray data of human whole blood cultured ex vivo with CSF-1 and compared to a TNFα-induced gene set generated from epithelial-lineage cells. Gene set variation analysis was performed using existing Crohn's mucosa microarray data comparing patients who either responded or failed to respond to anti-TNFα therapy. Commencing day 14 or day 21, mice with T-cell transfer colitis were treated with vehicle or JNJ-40346527 until study termination (day 42). Endpoints included colon weight/length ratios and histopathology scores, and macrophage and T cells were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Mucosal gene expression was investigated using RNAseq. RESULTS Both the CSF-1 and the TNFα gene sets were enriched in the colonic mucosal transcriptomes of Crohn's disease and in mouse colitis, and expression of both gene sets was highest in patients who did not respond to anti-TNFα therapy. In these patients neither set was reduced by therapy. In the mouse model, JNJ-40346527 inhibited the increase in colon weight/length ratio by ∼50%, reduced histological disease scores by ∼60%, and reduced F4/80+ mononuclear cell and CD3+ lymphocyte numbers. RNAseq analysis confirmed the CSF-1 gene set was sharply reduced in treated mice, as were gene sets enriched in "M1" inflammatory and "M0" resident macrophages and in activated T cells. CONCLUSIONS CSF-1 biology is activated in Crohn's disease and in murine T cell transfer colitis. Inhibition of CSF-1R by JNJ-40346527 was associated with attenuated clinical disease scores and reduced inflammatory gene expression in mice. These data provide rationale for testing JNJ-40346527 (PRV-6527) in human inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl L. Manthey
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Beverley A. Moore
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Yanqing Chen
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Matthew J. Loza
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Xiang Yao
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Hao Liu
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | | | | | - Paul J. Dunford
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Francisco Leon
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jennifer E. Towne
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Scott E. Plevy
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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20
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Sukhbaatar O, Kimura D, Miyakoda M, Nakamae S, Kimura K, Hara H, Yoshida H, Inoue SI, Yui K. Activation and IL-10 production of specific CD4 + T cells are regulated by IL-27 during chronic infection with Plasmodium chabaudi. Parasitol Int 2019; 74:101994. [PMID: 31634628 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2019.101994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
IL-27, a regulatory cytokine, plays critical roles in the prevention of immunopathology during Plasmodium infection. We examined these roles in the immune responses against Plasmodium chabaudi infection using the Il-27ra-/- mice. While IL-27 was expressed at high levels during the early phase of the infection, enhanced CD4+ T cell function and reduction in parasitemia were observed mainly during the chronic phase in the mutant mice. In mice infected with P. chabaudi and cured with drug, CD4+ T cells in the Il-27ra-/- mice exhibited enhanced CD4+ T-cell responses, indicating the inhibitory role of IL-27 on the protective immune responses. To determine the role of IL-27 in detail, we performed CD4+ T-cell transfer experiments. The Il-27ra-/- and Il27p28-/- mice were first infected with P. chabaudi and then cured using drug treatment. Plasmodium-antigen primed CD4+ T cells were prepared from these mice and transferred into the recipient mice, followed by infection with the heterologous parasite P. berghei ANKA. Il-27ra-/- CD4+ T cells in the infected recipient mice did not produce IL-10, indicating that IL-10 production by primed CD4+ T cells is IL-27 dependent. Il27p28-/- CD4+ T cells that were primed in the absence of IL-27 exhibited enhanced recall responses during the challenge infection with P. berghei ANKA, implying that IL-27 receptor signaling during the primary infection affects recall responses in the long-term via the regulation of the memory CD4+ T cell generation. These features highlighted direct and time-transcending roles of IL-27 in the regulation of immune responses against chronic infection with Plasmodium parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odsuren Sukhbaatar
- Division of Immunology, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; Program for Nurturing Global Leaders in Tropical and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kimura
- Division of Immunology, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Mana Miyakoda
- Division of Immunology, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Sayuri Nakamae
- Division of Immunology, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Kazumi Kimura
- Division of Immunology, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Hara
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yoshida
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Immunoscience, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Inoue
- Division of Immunology, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; Program for Nurturing Global Leaders in Tropical and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Yui
- Division of Immunology, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; Program for Nurturing Global Leaders in Tropical and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan.
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21
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Lee AC, Lee Y, Lee D, Kwon S. Divide and conquer: A perspective on biochips for single-cell and rare-molecule analysis by next-generation sequencing. APL Bioeng 2019; 3:020901. [PMID: 31431936 PMCID: PMC6697027 DOI: 10.1063/1.5095962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in biochip technologies that connect next-generation sequencing (NGS) to real-world problems have facilitated breakthroughs in science and medicine. Because biochip technologies are themselves used in sequencing technologies, the main strengths of biochips lie in their scalability and throughput. Through the advantages of biochips, NGS has facilitated groundbreaking scientific discoveries and technical breakthroughs in medicine. However, all current NGS platforms require nucleic acids to be prepared in a certain range of concentrations, making it difficult to analyze biological systems of interest. In particular, many of the most interesting questions in biology and medicine, including single-cell and rare-molecule analysis, require strategic preparation of biological samples in order to be answered. Answering these questions is important because each cell is different and exists in a complex biological system. Therefore, biochip platforms for single-cell or rare-molecule analyses by NGS, which allow convenient preparation of nucleic acids from biological systems, have been developed. Utilizing the advantages of miniaturizing reaction volumes of biological samples, biochip technologies have been applied to diverse fields, from single-cell analysis to liquid biopsy. From this perspective, here, we first review current state-of-the-art biochip technologies, divided into two broad categories: microfluidic- and micromanipulation-based methods. Then, we provide insights into how future biochip systems will aid some of the most important biological and medical applications that require NGS. Based on current and future biochip technologies, we envision that NGS will come ever closer to solving more real-world scientific and medical problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Lee
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Y Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
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Abstract
In malaria, the immune responses leading to protective immunity versus immunopathology are unclear. Mamedov et al. (2018) identify a subset of clonally expanded γδ T cells in late-stage infection that produce M-CSF and may interact with myeloid cells to control recrudescent infection.
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Vegh P, Haniffa M. The impact of single-cell RNA sequencing on understanding the functional organization of the immune system. Brief Funct Genomics 2018; 17:265-272. [PMID: 29547972 PMCID: PMC6063276 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/ely003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Application of single-cell genomics technologies has revolutionized our approach to study the immune system. Unravelling the functional diversity of immune cells and their coordinated response is key to understanding immunity. Single-cell transcriptomics technologies provide high-dimensional assessment of the transcriptional states of immune cells and have been successfully applied to discover new immune cell types, reveal haematopoietic lineages, identify gene modules dictating immune responses and investigate lymphocyte antigen receptor diversity. In this review, we discuss the impact and applications of single-cell RNA sequencing technologies in immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Vegh
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Muzlifah Haniffa
- Department of Dermatology, Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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24
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Mamedov MR, Scholzen A, Nair RV, Cumnock K, Kenkel JA, Oliveira JHM, Trujillo DL, Saligrama N, Zhang Y, Rubelt F, Schneider DS, Chien YH, Sauerwein RW, Davis MM. A Macrophage Colony-Stimulating-Factor-Producing γδ T Cell Subset Prevents Malarial Parasitemic Recurrence. Immunity 2018; 48:350-363.e7. [PMID: 29426701 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Despite evidence that γδ T cells play an important role during malaria, their precise role remains unclear. During murine malaria induced by Plasmodium chabaudi infection and in human P. falciparum infection, we found that γδ T cells expanded rapidly after resolution of acute parasitemia, in contrast to αβ T cells that expanded at the acute stage and then declined. Single-cell sequencing showed that TRAV15N-1 (Vδ6.3) γδ T cells were clonally expanded in mice and had convergent complementarity-determining region 3 sequences. These γδ T cells expressed specific cytokines, M-CSF, CCL5, CCL3, which are known to act on myeloid cells, indicating that this γδ T cell subset might have distinct functions. Both γδ T cells and M-CSF were necessary for preventing parasitemic recurrence. These findings point to an M-CSF-producing γδ T cell subset that fulfills a specialized protective role in the later stage of malaria infection when αβ T cells have declined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murad R Mamedov
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Anja Scholzen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Innatoss Laboratories B.V., 5349 AB Oss, the Netherlands
| | - Ramesh V Nair
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Katherine Cumnock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Justin A Kenkel
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jose Henrique M Oliveira
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Damian L Trujillo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Aduro Biotech, Inc., Berkeley, CA 94710, USA
| | - Naresha Saligrama
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Genetics Bioinformatics Service Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Florian Rubelt
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - David S Schneider
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yueh-Hsiu Chien
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Robert W Sauerwein
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Mark M Davis
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Characterising the effect of antimalarial drugs on the maturation and clearance of murine blood-stage Plasmodium parasites in vivo. Int J Parasitol 2017; 47:913-922. [PMID: 28864033 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The artemisinins are the first-line therapy for severe and uncomplicated malaria, since they cause rapid declines in parasitemia after treatment. Despite this, in vivo mechanisms underlying this rapid decline remain poorly characterised. The overall decline in parasitemia is the net effect of drug inhibition of parasites and host clearance, which competes against any ongoing parasite proliferation. Separating these mechanisms in vivo was not possible through measurements of total parasitemia alone. Therefore, we employed an adoptive transfer approach in which C57BL/6J mice were transfused with Plasmodium berghei ANKA strain-infected, fluorescent red blood cells, and subsequently drug-treated. This approach allowed us to distinguish between the initial drug-treated generation of parasites (Gen0), and their progeny (Gen1). Artesunate efficiently impaired maturation of Gen0 parasites, such that a sufficiently high dose completely arrested maturation after 6h of in vivo exposure. In addition, artesunate-affected parasites were cleared from circulation with a half-life of 6.7h. In vivo cell depletion studies using clodronate liposomes revealed an important role for host phagocytes in the removal of artesunate-affected parasites, particularly ring and trophozoite stages. Finally, we found that a second antimalarial drug, mefloquine, was less effective than artesunate at suppressing parasite maturation and driving host-mediated parasite clearance. Thus, we propose that in vivo artesunate treatment causes rapid decline in parasitemia by arresting parasite maturation and encouraging phagocyte-mediated clearance of parasitised RBCs.
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Fontana MF, de Melo GL, Anidi C, Hamburger R, Kim CY, Lee SY, Pham J, Kim CC. Correction: Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor Derived from CD4+ T Cells Contributes to Control of a Blood-Borne Infection. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006192. [PMID: 28146583 PMCID: PMC5287461 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006046.].
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