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Zhu H, Guan Y, Wang W, Liu X, Wang S, Zheng R, Li Y, Liu L, Huang H. Reniformin A suppresses non-small cell lung cancer progression by inducing TLR4/NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD-dependent pyroptosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 133:112068. [PMID: 38626545 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Pyroptosis is an inflammatory form of programmed cell death that plays an important role in regulating tumor progression. Reniformin A (RA) is a natural compound isolated from the medicinal herb Isodon excisoides that has been applied as folk medicine in the treatment of esophageal cancer. However, whether RA has an individual function in cancer and the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we show that in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), RA inhibits tumor growth by functioning as a pyroptosis inducer to promote TLR4/NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD axis. Specially, RA treatment increased Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) protein expression level by enhancing the TLR4 stability. Based on the molecular docking, we identified that RA directly bound to TLR4 to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome and promote pyroptosis in A549 cells. Moreover, TLR4 is essential for RA-induced pyroptosis, and loss of TLR4 abolished RA-induced pyroptosis and further reduced the inhibitory effect of RA on NSCLC. In vivo experiments confirmed that RA inhibited the growth of lung tumors in mice by affecting pyroptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, TLR4 knockdown abolished RA-induced pyroptosis and inhibited the effect of RA chemotherapy in vivo. In conclusion, we propose that RA has a significant anticancer effect in NSCLC by inducing TLR4/NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis, which may provide a potential strategy for the treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyu Zhu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Research and Development on the Whole Industry Chain of Yu-Yao, Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yifei Guan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Antiviral Drugs, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Radiology, Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xinhui Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Antiviral Drugs, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Sijia Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Antiviral Drugs, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Ran Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Antiviral Drugs, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yihan Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Research and Development on the Whole Industry Chain of Yu-Yao, Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Comprehensive Treatment, 2nd Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100036, China.
| | - Hua Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Antiviral Drugs, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
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2
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Lin Z, Chen Q, Ruan HB. To die or not to die: Gasdermins in intestinal health and disease. Semin Immunol 2024; 71:101865. [PMID: 38232665 PMCID: PMC10872225 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2024.101865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Intestinal homeostasis is achieved by the balance among intestinal epithelium, immune cells, and gut microbiota. Gasdermins (GSDMs), a family of membrane pore forming proteins, can trigger rapid inflammatory cell death in the gut, mainly pyroptosis and NETosis. Importantly, there is increasing literature on the non-cell lytic roles of GSDMs in intestinal homeostasis and disease. While GSDMA is low and PJVK is not expressed in the gut, high GSDMB and GSDMC expression is found almost restrictively in intestinal epithelial cells. Conversely, GSDMD and GSDME show more ubiquitous expression among various cell types in the gut. The N-terminal region of GSDMs can be liberated for pore formation by an array of proteases in response to pathogen- and danger-associated signals, but it is not fully understood what cell type-specific mechanisms activate intestinal GSDMs. The host relies on GSDMs for pathogen defense, tissue tolerance, and cancerous cell death; however, pro-inflammatory milieu caused by pyroptosis and excessive cytokine release may favor the development and progression of inflammatory bowel disease and cancer. Therefore, a thorough understanding of spatiotemporal mechanisms that control gasdermin expression, activation, and function is essential for the development of future therapeutics for intestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyu Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice of China, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Qianyue Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice of China, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hai-Bin Ruan
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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3
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Guo H, Ma R, Zhang Y, Yin K, Du G, Yin F, Li H, Wang Z, Yin D. Ibuprofen inhibits anaplastic thyroid cells in vivo and in vitro by triggering NLRP3-ASC-GSDMD-dependent pyroptosis. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:733-745. [PMID: 37999895 PMCID: PMC10907488 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01379-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a novel type of proinflammatory programmed cell death that is associated with inflammation, immunity, and cancer. Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) has a high fatality rate, and there is no effective or standard treatment. The disease progresses rapidly and these tumors can invade the trachea and esophagus, leading to breathing and swallowing difficulties. Hence, new treatment methods are greatly needed. Ibuprofen is a common drug that can exert antitumor effects in some cancers. In this study, we demonstrated in vitro and in vivo that ibuprofen can induce ATC pyroptosis. Hence, we treated C643 and OCUT-2C ATC cells with ibuprofen and found that several dying cells presented the characteristic morphological features of pyroptosis, such as bubble-like swelling and membrane rupture, accompanied by activation of ASC and NLRP3 and cleavage of GSDMD. Along with the increased release of LDH, ibuprofen treatment promoted apoptosis and inhibited viability, invasion, and migration. However, overexpression of GSDMD significantly inhibited ibuprofen-induced pyroptosis. In vivo, research has demonstrated that thyroid tumor growth in nude mice can be suppressed by ibuprofen-induced pyroptosis in a dose-dependent manner. In this research, we explored a new mechanism by which ibuprofen inhibits ATC growth and progression and highlighted its promise as a therapeutic agent for ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohao Guo
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Multidisciplinary Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Cancer of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- Key Medicine Laboratory of Thyroid Cancer of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Runsheng Ma
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yifei Zhang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Multidisciplinary Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Cancer of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- Key Medicine Laboratory of Thyroid Cancer of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Keyu Yin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Gongbo Du
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Fanxiang Yin
- Translational Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Hongqiang Li
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Ziyang Wang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Detao Yin
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Multidisciplinary Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Cancer of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
- Key Medicine Laboratory of Thyroid Cancer of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
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4
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Zhao Y, Xiao Q, Sun T, Yu H, Luo M. Knockdown of LCN2 Attenuates Brain Injury After Intracerebral Hemorrhage via Suppressing Pyroptosis. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2024; 20:83-99. [PMID: 38249526 PMCID: PMC10800110 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s440065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The aims of this study are to screen novel differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and reveal the role of Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) in ICH. Methods We constructed the ICH model by injection of autologous whole blood into the right basal ganglia in rats. RNA-sequencing and bioinformatics analyses were performed to identify the DEGs between ICH and sham rats, and some important ones were confirmed using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). LCN shRNA was used to knockdown of LCN2 in ICH rats. Pathological examination was carried out using 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining and Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Immunohistochemistry detected Caspase-3, and co-staining of Terminal dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and NEUN staining were performed for neuron apoptosis assessment. Western blot analysis was performed to quantify pyroptosis-related proteins. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure inflammatory cytokine levels. Results ICH rats exhibited significant hematomas, higher brain water content, obvious interstitial edema, and inflammatory infiltration, as well as more apoptotic cells in brain tissues. RNA-seq analysis identified 103 upregulated and 81 downregulated DEGs. The expression of LCN2, HSPB1, CXCL10, and MEF2B were upregulated in ICH rats. ICH triggered the release of interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and IL-18, and promoted the expression of pyroptosis-related proteins Caspase-1, GSDMD, NLRP3, and ASC. LCN2 knockdown attenuated the pathological characteristics of ICH, and also reduced pyroptosis in brain tissues. Conclusion Inhibition of LCN2 attenuates brain injury after ICH via suppressing pyroptosis, which provide guidance for ICH management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Zhao
- The First Clinical Medical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuxiang Xiao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Sun
- The First Clinical Medical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyun Yu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Muyun Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
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5
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Yang CS, Coopersmith CM, Lyons JD. Cell death proteins in sepsis: key players and modern therapeutic approaches. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1347401. [PMID: 38274794 PMCID: PMC10808706 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1347401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell death proteins play a central role in host immune signaling during sepsis. These interconnected mechanisms trigger cell demise via apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis while also driving inflammatory signaling. Targeting cell death mediators with novel therapies may correct the dysregulated inflammation seen during sepsis and improve outcomes for septic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe S. Yang
- Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Craig M. Coopersmith
- Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - John D. Lyons
- Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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6
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Deerain JM, Aktepe TE, Trenerry AM, Ebert G, Hyde JL, Charry K, Edgington-Mitchell L, Xu B, Ambrose RL, Sarvestani ST, Lawlor KE, Pearson JS, White PA, Mackenzie JM. Murine norovirus infection of macrophages induces intrinsic apoptosis as the major form of programmed cell death. Virology 2024; 589:109921. [PMID: 37939648 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.109921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Human norovirus is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide, however despite the significance of this pathogen, we have a limited understanding of how noroviruses cause disease, and modulate the innate immune response. Programmed cell death (PCD) is an important part of the innate response to invading pathogens, but little is known about how specific PCD pathways contribute to norovirus replication. Here, we reveal that murine norovirus (MNV) virus-induced PCD in macrophages correlates with the release of infectious virus. We subsequently show, genetically and chemically, that MNV-induced cell death and viral replication occurs independent of the activity of inflammatory mediators. Further analysis revealed that MNV infection promotes the cleavage of apoptotic caspase-3 and PARP. Correspondingly, pan-caspase inhibition, or BAX and BAK deficiency, perturbed viral replication rates and delayed virus release and cell death. These results provide new insights into how MNV harnesses cell death to increase viral burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Deerain
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Turgut E Aktepe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Alice M Trenerry
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Gregor Ebert
- The Walter and Elisa Hall Institute, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Jennifer L Hyde
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Katelyn Charry
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Laura Edgington-Mitchell
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Banyan Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Rebecca L Ambrose
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Soroush T Sarvestani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Kate E Lawlor
- The Walter and Elisa Hall Institute, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, VIC, 3050, Australia; Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3168, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Jaclyn S Pearson
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3168, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3168, Australia; Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Peter A White
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Jason M Mackenzie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, VIC, 3000, Australia.
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7
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Zhang N, Zhou Z, Huang Y, Wang G, Tang Z, Lu J, Wang C, Ni X. Reduced hydrogen sulfide production contributes to adrenal insufficiency induced by hypoxia via modulation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Redox Rep 2023; 28:2163354. [PMID: 36661247 PMCID: PMC9869992 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2022.2163354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Adrenocortical responsiveness is critical for maintaining glucocorticoids production and homeostasis during stress. We sought to investigate adrenocortical responsiveness during hypoxia in mice and the mechanisms responsible for the regulation of adrenal responsiveness.Methods: (1) Adult male WT mice were randomly divided into four groups: normoxia, hypoxia (24h), hypoxia (72h), hypoxia (72h) + GYY4137(hydrogen sulfide (H2S) donor, 133mmol/kg/day); (2) WT mice were randomly divided into four groups: sham, adrenalectomy (ADX), sham+hypoxia, ADX+hypoxia; (3) Cse-/- mice were randomly divided into two groups: Cse-/-, Cse-/- +GYY4137.Results: The circulatory level of corticosteroid induced by ACTH stimulation was significantly reduced in the mice with hypoxia compared with control mice. The mortality rate induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) increased during hypoxia. Cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) expression was significantly reduced in adrenal glands during hypoxia. GYY4137 treatment significantly increased adrenal responsiveness and attenuated NLRP3 inflammasome activation in mice treated by hypoxia and Cse-/- mice. Furthermore, The sulfhydrated level of PSMA7 in adrenal gland was decreased in the mice with hypoxia and Cse-/- mice. PSMA7 was S-sulfhydrated at cysteine 70. Blockage of S-sulfhydration of PSMA7 increased NLRP3 expression in adrenocortical cells.Conclusion: Reduced H2S production mediated hypo-adrenocortical responsiveness and NLRP3 inflammasome activation via PAMA7 S-sulfhydration during hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, People’s Republic of China,International Collaborative Research Center for Medical Metabolomics, Central South University Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, People’s Republic of China,Department of Physiology, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhan Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, People’s Republic of China,International Collaborative Research Center for Medical Metabolomics, Central South University Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Physiology, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Physiology, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengshan Tang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, People’s Republic of China,International Collaborative Research Center for Medical Metabolomics, Central South University Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianqiang Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changnan Wang
- Department of Physiology, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China, Changnan Wang Department of Physiology, Navy Medical University, Shanghai200433, People’s Republic of China; Xin Ni
| | - Xin Ni
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, People’s Republic of China,International Collaborative Research Center for Medical Metabolomics, Central South University Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, People’s Republic of China,Department of Physiology, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China, Changnan Wang Department of Physiology, Navy Medical University, Shanghai200433, People’s Republic of China; Xin Ni
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8
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Dong W, Peng Q, Liu Z, Xie Z, Guo X, Li Y, Chen C. Estrogen plays an important role by influencing the NLRP3 inflammasome. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115554. [PMID: 37738797 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is an important part of the natural immune system that plays an important role in many diseases. Estrogen is a sex hormone that plays an important role in controlling reproduction and regulates many physiological and pathological processes. Recent studies have indicated that estrogen is associated with disease progression. Estrogen can ameliorate some diseases (e. g, sepsis, mood disturbances, cerebral ischemia, some hepatopathy, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, osteoarthritis, and renal fibrosis) by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome. Estrogen can also promote the development of diseases (e.g., ovarian endometriosis, dry eye disease, and systemic lupus erythematosus) by upregulating the NLRP3 inflammasome. In addition, estrogen has a dual effect on the development of cancers and asthma. However, the mechanism of these effects is not summarized. This article reviewed the progress in understanding the effects of estrogen on the NLRP3 inflammasome and its mechanisms in recent years to provide a theoretical basis for an in-depth study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanglin Dong
- Institute of Nursing and Health, College of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Qianwen Peng
- Institute of Nursing and Health, College of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Zhuoxin Liu
- Clinical College of Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zhenxing Xie
- School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China.
| | - Xiajun Guo
- Institute of Nursing and Health, College of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Institute of Nursing and Health, College of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Chaoran Chen
- Institute of Nursing and Health, College of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China.
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9
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Stoess C, Leszczynska A, Kui L, Feldstein AE. Pyroptosis and gasdermins-Emerging insights and therapeutic opportunities in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1218807. [PMID: 37664463 PMCID: PMC10470644 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1218807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a rapid expansion in our understanding of regulated cell death, leading to the discovery of novel mechanisms that govern diverse cell death pathways. One recently discovered type of cell death is pyroptosis, initially identified in the 1990s as a caspase-1-dependent lytic cell death. However, further investigations have redefined pyroptosis as a regulated cell death that relies on the activation of pore-forming proteins, particularly the gasdermin family. Among the key regulators of pyroptosis is the inflammasome sensor NOD-like receptor 3 (NLRP3), a critical innate immune sensor responsible for regulating the activation of caspase-1 and gasdermin D. A deeper understanding of pyroptosis and its interplay with other forms of regulated cell death is emerging, shedding light on a complex regulatory network controlling pore-forming proteins and cell fate. Cell death processes play a central role in diseases such as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis, autoinflammatory disorders, and cancer. Cell death often acts as a starting point in these diseases, making it an appealing target for drug development. Yet, the complete molecular mechanisms are not fully understood, and new discoveries reveal promising novel avenues for therapeutic interventions. In this review, we summarize recent evidence on pathways and proteins controlling pyroptosis and gasdermins. Furthermore, we will address the role of pyroptosis and the gasdermin family in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and steatohepatitis. Additionally, we highlight new potential therapeutic targets for treating metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis and other inflammatory-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Stoess
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Department of Surgery, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Leszczynska
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Lin Kui
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Ariel E. Feldstein
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
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10
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Privitera G, Rana N, Armuzzi A, Pizarro TT. The gasdermin protein family: emerging roles in gastrointestinal health and disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 20:366-387. [PMID: 36781958 PMCID: PMC10238632 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-023-00743-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Since the identification and characterization of gasdermin (GSDM) D as the main effector of inflammatory regulated cell death (or pyroptosis), literature on the GSDM family of pore-forming proteins is rapidly expanding, revealing novel mechanisms regulating their expression and functions that go beyond pyroptosis. Indeed, a growing body of evidence corroborates the importance of GSDMs within the gastrointestinal system, underscoring their critical contributions to the pathophysiology of gastrointestinal cancers, enteric infections and gut mucosal inflammation, such as inflammatory bowel disease. However, with this increase in knowledge, several important and controversial issues have arisen regarding basic GSDM biology and its role(s) during health and disease states. These include critical questions centred around GSDM-dependent lytic versus non-lytic functions, the biological activities of cleaved versus full-length proteins, the differential roles of GSDM-expressing mucosal immune versus epithelial cells, and whether GSDMs promote pathogenic or protective effects during specific disease settings. This Review provides a comprehensive summary and interpretation of the current literature on GSDM biology, specifically focusing on the gastrointestinal tract, highlighting the main controversial issues and their clinical implications, and addressing future areas of research to unravel the specific role(s) of this intriguing, yet enigmatic, family of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Privitera
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Dipartimento Universitario di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Nitish Rana
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Alessandro Armuzzi
- IBD Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Theresa T Pizarro
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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11
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Chen N, Chen P, Zhou Y, Chen S, Gong S, Fu M, Geng L. HuNoV Non-Structural Protein P22 Induces Maturation of IL-1β and IL-18 and N-GSDMD-Dependent Pyroptosis through Activating NLRP3 Inflammasome. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11050993. [PMID: 37243097 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11050993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Norovirus infection is the leading cause of foodborne gastroenteritis worldwide, causing more than 200,000 deaths each year. As a result of a lack of reproducible and robust in vitro culture systems and suitable animal models for human norovirus (HuNoV) infection, the pathogenesis of HuNoV is still poorly understood. In recent years, human intestinal enteroids (HIEs) have been successfully constructed and demonstrated to be able to support the replication of HuNoV. The NLRP3 inflammasome plays a key role in host innate immune responses by activating caspase1 to facilitate IL-1β and IL-18 secretion and N-GSDMD-driven apoptosis, while NLRP3 inflammasome overactivation plays an important role in the development of various inflammatory diseases. Here, we found that HuNoV activated enteric stem cell-derived human intestinal enteroids (HIEs) NLRP3 inflammasome, which was confirmed by transfection of Caco2 cells with full-length cDNA clones of HuNoV. Further, we found that HuNoV non-structural protein P22 activated the NLRP3 inflammasome and then matured IL-1β and IL-18 and processed the cleavage of gasdermin-D (GSDMD) to N-GSDMD, leading to pyroptosis. Besides, berberine (BBR) could ameliorate the pyroptosis caused by HuNoV and P22 by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Together, these results reveal new insights into the mechanisms of inflammation and cell death caused by HuNoV and provide potential treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nini Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Peiyu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Yanhe Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Sidong Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Sitang Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Ming Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Lanlan Geng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
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12
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Müller N, Scheld M, Voelz C, Gasterich N, Zhao W, Behrens V, Weiskirchen R, Baazm M, Clarner T, Beyer C, Sanadgol N, Zendedel A. Lipocalin-2 Deficiency Diminishes Canonical NLRP3 Inflammasome Formation and IL-1β Production in the Subacute Phase of Spinal Cord Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108689. [PMID: 37240031 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in the production of proinflammatory cytokines due to inflammasome activation. Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) is a small secretory glycoprotein upregulated by toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling in various cells and tissues. LCN2 secretion is induced by infection, injury, and metabolic disorders. In contrast, LCN2 has been implicated as an anti-inflammatory regulator. However, the role of LCN2 in inflammasome activation during SCI remains unknown. This study examined the role of Lcn2 deficiency in the NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent neuroinflammation in SCI. Lcn2-/- and wild-type (WT) mice were subjected to SCI, and locomotor function, formation of the inflammasome complex, and neuroinflammation were assessed. Our findings demonstrated that significant activation of the HMGB1/PYCARD/caspase-1 inflammatory axis was accompanied by the overexpression of LCN2 7 days after SCI in WT mice. This signal transduction results in the cleaving of the pyroptosis-inducing protein gasdermin D (GSDMD) and the maturation of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β. Furthermore, Lcn2-/- mice showed considerable downregulation in the HMGB1/NLRP3/PYCARD/caspase-1 axis, IL-1β production, pore formation, and improved locomotor function compared with WT. Our data suggest that LCN2 may play a role as a putative molecule for the induction of inflammasome-related neuroinflammation in SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Müller
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Miriam Scheld
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Clara Voelz
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Natalie Gasterich
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Weiyi Zhao
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Victoria Behrens
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Maryam Baazm
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak 38481-7-6341, Iran
| | - Tim Clarner
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Cordian Beyer
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Nima Sanadgol
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Adib Zendedel
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
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13
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Wang G, Zhang D, Orchard RC, Hancks DC, Reese TA. Norovirus MLKL-like protein initiates cell death to induce viral egress. Nature 2023; 616:152-158. [PMID: 36991121 PMCID: PMC10348409 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05851-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Non-enveloped viruses require cell lysis to release new virions from infected cells, suggesting that these viruses require mechanisms to induce cell death. Noroviruses are one such group of viruses, but there is no known mechanism that causes norovirus infection-triggered cell death and lysis1-3. Here we identify a molecular mechanism of norovirus-induced cell death. We found that the norovirus-encoded NTPase NS3 contains an N-terminal four-helix bundle domain homologous to the membrane-disruption domain of the pseudokinase mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL). NS3 has a mitochondrial localization signal and thus induces cell death by targeting mitochondria. Full-length NS3 and an N-terminal fragment of the protein bound the mitochondrial membrane lipid cardiolipin, permeabilized the mitochondrial membrane and induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Both the N-terminal region and the mitochondrial localization motif of NS3 were essential for cell death, viral egress from cells and viral replication in mice. These findings suggest that noroviruses have acquired a host MLKL-like pore-forming domain to facilitate viral egress by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxun Wang
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Robert C Orchard
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Dustin C Hancks
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Tiffany A Reese
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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14
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Jahun AS, Sorgeloos F, Chaudhry Y, Arthur SE, Hosmillo M, Georgana I, Izuagbe R, Goodfellow IG. Leaked genomic and mitochondrial DNA contribute to the host response to noroviruses in a STING-dependent manner. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112179. [PMID: 36943868 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The cGAS-STING pathway is central to the interferon response against DNA viruses. However, recent studies are increasingly demonstrating its role in the restriction of some RNA viruses. Here, we show that the cGAS-STING pathway also contributes to the interferon response against noroviruses, currently the commonest causes of infectious gastroenteritis worldwide. We show a significant reduction in interferon-β induction and a corresponding increase in viral replication in norovirus-infected cells after deletion of STING, cGAS, or IFI16. Further, we find that immunostimulatory host genome-derived DNA and mitochondrial DNA accumulate in the cytosol of norovirus-infected cells. Lastly, overexpression of the viral NS4 protein is sufficient to drive the accumulation of cytosolic DNA. Together, our data find a role for cGAS, IFI16, and STING in the restriction of noroviruses and show the utility of host genomic DNA as a damage-associated molecular pattern in cells infected with an RNA virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aminu S Jahun
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital Level 5, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Frederic Sorgeloos
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital Level 5, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Université catholique de Louvain, de Duve Institute, MIPA-VIRO 74-49, 74 Avenue Hippocrate, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yasmin Chaudhry
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital Level 5, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Sabastine E Arthur
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital Level 5, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Myra Hosmillo
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital Level 5, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Iliana Georgana
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital Level 5, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Rhys Izuagbe
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital Level 5, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Ian G Goodfellow
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital Level 5, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
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15
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Wang G, Zhang D, Orchard R, Hancks DC, Reese TA. Norovirus MLKL-like pore forming protein initiates programed cell death for viral egress. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.17.533118. [PMID: 36993770 PMCID: PMC10055165 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.17.533118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Non-enveloped viruses require cell lysis to release new virions from infected cells, suggesting that these viruses require mechanisms to induce cell death. Noroviruses are one such group of viruses, but a mechanism of norovirus-infection triggered cell death and lysis are unknown. Here we have identified a molecular mechanism of norovirus-induced cell death. We found that the norovirus-encoded NTPase contains a N-terminal four helix bundle domain homologous to the pore forming domain of the pseudokinase Mixed Lineage Kinase Domain-Like (MLKL). Norovirus NTPase acquired a mitochondrial localization signal, thereby inducing cell death by targeting mitochondria. NTPase full length (NTPase-FL) and N-terminal fragment (NTPase-NT) bound mitochondrial membrane lipid cardiolipin, permeabilized mitochondrial membrane and induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Both the N-terminal region and the mitochondrial localization motif of NTPase were essential for cell death, virus egress from cells and virus replication in mice. These findings suggest that noroviruses stole a MLKL-like pore forming domain and co-opted it to facilitate viral egress by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction.
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16
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Jatrorrhizine Suppresses Murine-Norovirus-Triggered N-GSDMD-Dependent Pyroptosis in RAW264.7 Macrophages. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11010164. [PMID: 36680009 PMCID: PMC9866343 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Human norovirus (HNV) is one of the emerging and rapidly spreading groups of pathogens and the main cause of epidemic viral gastroenteritis globally. Due to a lack of in vitro culture systems and suitable animal models for HNV infection, murine norovirus (MNV) has become a common model. A recent study showed that MNV activates NLRP3 inflammasome leading to pyroptosis. Jatrorrhizine (JAT) is a natural isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from Coptis Chinensis, which has been proven to have antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor effects. However, whether JAT has an effect on norovirus gastroenteritis and the underlying molecular mechanism remain unclear. Here, we found that JAT could ameliorate NLRP3-N-GSDMD-dependent pyroptosis induced by MNV infection through inhibiting the MAPKs/NF-κB signaling pathways and decrease MNV replication in RAW264.7 macrophages, suggesting that JAT has the potential to be a therapeutic agent for treating norovirus gastroenteritis.
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17
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Gong W, Yang K, Zhao W, Zheng J, Yu J, Guo K, Sun X. Intestinal Gasdermins for regulation of inflammation and tumorigenesis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1052111. [PMID: 36505474 PMCID: PMC9732009 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1052111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Gasdermins (GSDMs) protein family express in intestinal epithelial cells or lamina propria immune cells, and play a nonnegligible function during gut homeostasis. With the gradually in-depth investigation of GSDMs protein family, the proteases that cleave GSDMA-E have been identified. Intestinal GSDMs-induced pyroptosis is demonstrated to play a crucial role in the removal of self-danger molecules and clearance of pathogenic organism infection by mediating inflammatory reaction and collapsing the protective niche for pathogens. Simultaneously, excessive pyroptosis leading to the release of cellular contents including inflammatory mediators into the extracellular environment, enhancing the mucosal immune response. GSDMs-driver pyroptosis also participates in a novel inflammatory cell death, PANoptosis, which makes a significant sense to the initiation and progression of gut diseases. Moreover, GSDMs are expressed in healthy intestinal tissue without obvious pyroptosis and inflammation, indicating the potential intrinsic physiological functions of GSDMs that independent of pyroptotic cell death during maintenance of intestinal homeostasis. This review provides an overview of the latest advances in the physiological and pathological properties of GSDMs, including its mediated pyroptosis, related PANoptosis, and inherent functions independent of pyroptosis, with a focus on their roles involved in intestinal inflammation and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Gong
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kui Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianbao Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junhui Yu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China,*Correspondence: Junhui Yu, ; Kun Guo, ; Xuejun Sun,
| | - Kun Guo
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China,*Correspondence: Junhui Yu, ; Kun Guo, ; Xuejun Sun,
| | - Xuejun Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China,*Correspondence: Junhui Yu, ; Kun Guo, ; Xuejun Sun,
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18
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Maternal Serum Gasdermin D Concentrations in Pregnancies Complicated
by Isolated Intrauterine Growth Restriction. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1967-2274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective We aimed to investigate the relationship between the isolated
intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and maternal serum gasdermin D (GSDMD)
concentration.
Materials and methods This cross-sectional study was conducted with 80
pregnant women who applied to the Umraniye Training and Research Hospital
Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic between January 2022 and May 2022. The IUGR
group consisted of 40 pregnant women diagnosed with IUGR in the third trimester,
and the control group consisted of 40 healthy pregnant women matched with the
IUGR group in terms of age and BMI. Demographic characteristics, ultrasound
findings, and neonatal outcomes were noted. The two groups were compared in
terms of maternal serum GSDMD concentrations.
Results Both groups were similar in terms of demographic characteristics.
Fetal biometric measurements were found to be significantly lower in the IUGR
group compared to the control group, and umbilical artery Doppler PI and SD were
found to be higher. Gestational age, newborn birth weight, birth height, and
Apgar scores were significantly lower and NICU admission rate was higher in the
IUGR group. Gestational age at blood sampling for GSDMD was similar in both
groups (p=0.805). While maternal serum GSDMD concentration was
11.14 ng/ml in the IUGR group, it was 6.66 ng/ml
in the control group (p=0.000). ROC analysis was performed to determine
the value of GSDMD concentration in terms of IUGR estimation. AUC analysis of
GSDMD for IUGR estimation was 0.88 (p<.001, 95%
CI=0.80–0.95). The optimal cutoff value for GSDMD concentration
was determined as 8.84 ng/ml with 80% sensitivity and
75% specificity.
Conclusion Maternal serum GSDMD concentrations were found to be higher in
pregnant women whose pregnancy was complicated by isolated IUGR. We think that
high GSDMD concentrations may be a reflection of increased GSDMD-mediated
pyroptosis in placental tissue in isolated IUGR cases.
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19
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Fu H, Shen QR, Zhao Y, Ni M, Zhou CC, Chen JK, Chi C, Li DJ, Liang G, Shen FM. Activating α7nAChR ameliorates abdominal aortic aneurysm through inhibiting pyroptosis mediated by NLRP3 inflammasome. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:2585-2595. [PMID: 35217818 PMCID: PMC9525652 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00876-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is defined as a dilated aorta in diameter at least 1.5 times of a normal aorta. Our previous studies found that activating α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) had a protective effect on vascular injury. This work was to investigate whether activating α7nAChR could influence AAA formation and explore its mechanisms. AAA models were established by angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion in ApoE-/- mice or in wild type and α7nAChR-/- mice. In vitro mouse aortic smooth muscle (MOVAS) cells were treated with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). PNU-282987 was chosen to activate α7nAChR. We found that cell pyroptosis effector GSDMD and NLRP3 inflammasome were activated in abdominal aorta, and inflammatory cytokines in serum were elevated in AAA models of ApoE-/- mice. Activating α7nAChR reduced maximal aortic diameters, preserved elastin integrity and decreased inflammatory responses in ApoE-/- mice with Ang II infusion. While α7nAChR-/- mice led to aggravated aortic injury and increased inflammatory cytokines with Ang II infusion when compared with wild type. Moreover, activating α7nAChR inhibited NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD pathway in AAA model of ApoE-/- mice, while α7nAChR deficiency promoted this pathway. In vitro, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation and NLRP3 knockdown reduced GSDMD expression, in MOVAS cells treated with TNF-α. Furthermore, activating α7nAChR inhibited oxidative stress, reduced NLRP3/GSDMD expression, and decreased cell pyroptosis in MOVAS cells with TNF-α. In conclusion, our study found that activating α7nAChR retarded AAA through inhibiting pyroptosis mediated by NLRP3 inflammasome. These suggested that α7nAChR would be a potential pharmacological target for AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Qi-Rui Shen
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Min Ni
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Can-Can Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Ji-Kuai Chen
- Department of Health Toxicology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Chen Chi
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Dong-Jie Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
| | - Fu-Ming Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China.
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20
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Zhang M, Dang P, Liu Y, Qiao B, Sun Z. Noncoding RNAs in pyroptosis and cancer progression: Effect, mechanism, and clinical application. Front Immunol 2022; 13:982040. [PMID: 36059539 PMCID: PMC9428448 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.982040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell death is generally classified into two categories: regulated cell death (RCD) and accidental cell death (ACD). In particular, RCD is a kind of genetically controlled process, including programmed apoptotic death and programmed necrotic death. Pyroptosis, an inflammatory form of programmed necrotic death, causes inflammation in cells. The influence of pyroptosis on tumor is complicated. On the one hand, pyroptosis triggers antitumor response. On the other hand, pyroptosis may induce carcinogenesis. Pyroptosis is initiated by various factors, especially non-coding RNAs. In this review, we discuss the effects of ncRNAs on pyroptosis and the mechanisms by which ncRNAs initiate pyroptosis. Moreover, we introduce the influence of ncRNA on tumor resistance via pyroptosis. Additionally, we summarize how ncRNA-associated pyroptosis modulates the tumor microenvironment (TME) and thereafter triggers antitumor immune response. Finally, pyroptosis-related ncRNAs are promising diagnostic and immunotherapeutic biomarkers and therapeutic targets
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghui Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pengyuan Dang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhenqiang Sun, ; Bingbing Qiao, ; Yang Liu,
| | - Bingbing Qiao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhenqiang Sun, ; Bingbing Qiao, ; Yang Liu,
| | - Zhenqiang Sun
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhenqiang Sun, ; Bingbing Qiao, ; Yang Liu,
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21
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Magnani L, Colantuoni M, Mortellaro A. Gasdermins: New Therapeutic Targets in Host Defense, Inflammatory Diseases, and Cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:898298. [PMID: 35844522 PMCID: PMC9285118 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.898298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Gasdermins (GSDMs) are a class of pore-forming proteins related to pyroptosis, a programmed cell death pathway that is induced by a range of inflammatory stimuli. Small-scale GSDM activation and pore formation allow the passive release of cytokines, such as IL-1β and IL-18, and alarmins, but, whenever numerous GSDM pores are assembled, osmotic lysis and cell death occur. Such GSDM-mediated pyroptosis promotes pathogen clearance and can help restore homeostasis, but recent studies have revealed that dysregulated pyroptosis is at the root of many inflammation-mediated disease conditions. Moreover, new homeostatic functions for gasdermins are beginning to be revealed. Here, we review the newly discovered mechanisms of GSDM activation and their prominent roles in host defense and human diseases associated with chronic inflammation. We also highlight the potential of targeting GSDMs as a new therapeutic approach to combat chronic inflammatory diseases and cancer and how we might overcome the current obstacles to realize this potential.
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22
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PRRSV Infection Induces Gasdermin D-Driven Pyroptosis of Porcine Alveolar Macrophages through NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation. J Virol 2022; 96:e0212721. [PMID: 35758658 PMCID: PMC9327688 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02127-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
For more than 3 decades, mounting evidence has associated porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection with late-term abortions and stillbirths in sows and respiratory disease in piglets, causing enormous economic losses to the global swine industry. However, to date, the underlying mechanisms of PRRSV-triggered cell death have not been well clarified, especially in the pulmonary inflammatory injury characterized by the massive release of pro-inflammatory factors. Here, we demonstrated that PRRSV infection triggered gasdermin D-mediated host pyroptosis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, PRRSV infection triggered disassembly of the trans-Golgi network (TGN); the dispersed TGN then acted as a scaffold for NLRP3 activation through phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate. In addition, PRRSV replication-transcription complex (RTC) formation stimulated TGN dispersion and pyroptotic cell death. Furthermore, our results indicated that TMEM41B, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident host protein, functioned as a crucial host factor in the formation of PRRSV RTC, which is surrounded by the intermediate filament network. Collectively, these findings uncover new insights into clinical features as previously unrecognized mechanisms for PRRSV-induced pathological effects, which may be conducive to providing treatment options for PRRSV-associated diseases and may be conserved during infection by other highly pathogenic viruses. IMPORTANCE Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is one of the pathogens responsible for major economic losses in the global swine industry. Characterizing the detailed process by which PRRSV induces cell death pathways will help us better understand viral pathogenesis and provide implications for therapeutic intervention against PRRSV. Here, we showed that PRRSV infection induces GSDMD-driven host pyroptosis and IL-1β secretion through NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms of PRRSV-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis are elucidated here. The dispersed trans-Golgi network (TGN) induced by PRRSV serves as a scaffold for NLRP3 aggregation into multiple puncta via phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PtdIns4P). Moreover, the formation of PRRSV replication-transcription complex is essential for TGN dispersion and host pyroptosis. This research advances our understanding of the PRRSV-mediated inflammatory response and cell death pathways, paving the way for the development of effective treatments for PRRSV diseases.
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Wang S, Moreau F, Chadee K. Gasdermins in Innate Host Defense Against Entamoeba histolytica and Other Protozoan Parasites. Front Immunol 2022; 13:900553. [PMID: 35795683 PMCID: PMC9251357 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.900553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gasdermins (GSDMs) are a group of proteins that are cleaved by inflammatory caspases to induce pore formation in the plasma membrane to cause membrane permeabilization and lytic cell death or pyroptosis. All GSDMs share a conserved structure, containing a cytotoxic N-terminal (NT) pore-forming domain and a C-terminal (CT) repressor domain. Entamoeba histolytica (Eh) in contact with macrophages, triggers outside-in signaling to activate inflammatory caspase-4/1 via the noncanonical and canonical pathway to promote cleavage of gasdermin D (GSDMD). Cleavage of GSDMD removes the auto-inhibition that masks the active pore-forming NT domain in the full-length protein by interactions with GSDM-CT. The cleaved NT-GSDMD monomers then oligomerize to form pores in the plasma membrane to facilitate the release of IL-1β and IL-18 with a measured amount of pyroptosis. Pyroptosis is an effective way to counteract intracellular parasites, which exploit replicative niche to avoid killing. To date, most GSDMs have been verified to perform pore-forming activity and GSDMD-induced pyroptosis is rapidly emerging as a mechanism of anti-microbial host defence. Here, we review our comprehensive and current knowledge on the expression, activation, biological functions, and regulation of GSDMD cleavage with emphases on physiological scenario and related dysfunctions of each GSDM member as executioner of cell death, cytokine secretion and inflammation against Eh and other protozoan parasitic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kris Chadee
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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24
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Gu C, Zhang H, Li Q, Zhao S, Gao Y. MiR-192 attenuates high glucose-induced pyroptosis in retinal pigment epithelial cells via inflammasome modulation. Bioengineered 2022; 13:10362-10372. [PMID: 35441575 PMCID: PMC9161832 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2044734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is one of the most characteristic complications of diabetes mellitus, and pyroptosis plays acrucial role in the onset and development of diabetic retinopathy. Although microRNA-192 (miR-192) has been demonstrated to be involved in diabetic retinopathy progression, to the best of our knowledge, its potential and mechanism in cell pyroptosis in diabetic retinopathy have not been studied. The present study demonstrated that high glucose (HG) contributes to the pyroptosis of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells in a dose-dependent manner. The results revealed that miR-192 was weakly expressed in HG-induced RPE cells. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-192 abrogated the role of HG in RPE cell pyroptosis. Based on the bioinformatics analysis, a dual-luciferase reporter assay, and an RNA pull-down assay, FTO α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase (FTO) was demonstrated to be a direct target of miR-192. Additionally, upregulation of FTO abolished the effects of miR-192 on RPE cells treated with HG. Nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat family protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation is vital for cell pyroptosis, and FTO functions as a pivotal modulator in the N6-methyladenosine modifications of various genes. Mechanistically, FTO enhanced NLRP3 expression by facilitating demethylation of NLRP3. In conclusion, the present results demonstrate that miR-192 represses RPE cell pyroptosis triggered by HG via regulation of the FTO/NLRP3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cao Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Changhai Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Hongjun Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Minhang Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Changhai Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Shaofei Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Changhai Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Changhai Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
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25
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Human Norovirus Induces Aquaporin 1 Production by Activating NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Viruses 2022; 14:v14040842. [PMID: 35458572 PMCID: PMC9028284 DOI: 10.3390/v14040842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human norovirus (HuNoV) is one of the major pathogens of acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis. Due to the lack of a robust and reproducible in vitro culture system and an appropriate animal model, the mechanism underlying HuNoV-caused diarrhea remains unknown. In the current study, we found that HuNoV transfection induced the expression of aquaporin 1 (AQP1), which was further confirmed in the context of virus infection, whereas the enterovirus EV71 (enterovirus 71) did not have such an effect. We further revealed that VP1, the major capsid protein of HuNoV, was crucial in promoting AQP1 expression. Mechanistically, HuNoV induces AQP1 production through the NF-κB signaling pathway via inducing the expression, phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of p65. By using a model of human intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB), we demonstrated that HuNoV and VP1-mediated enhancement of small molecule permeability is associated with the AQP1 channel. Collectively, we revealed that HuNoV induced the production of AQP1 by activating the NF-κB signaling pathway. The findings in this study provide a basis for further understanding the significance of HuNoV-induced AQP1 expression and the potential mechanism underlying HuNoV-caused diarrhea.
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How Pyroptosis Contributes to Inflammation and Fibroblast-Macrophage Cross-Talk in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081307. [PMID: 35455985 PMCID: PMC9028325 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
About thirty years ago, a new form of pro-inflammatory lytic cell death was observed and termed pyroptosis. Only in 2015, gasdermins were defined as molecules that create pores at the plasma membrane and drive pyroptosis. Today, we know that gasdermin-mediated death is an important antimicrobial defence mechanism in bacteria, yeast and mammals as it destroys the intracellular niche for pathogen replication. However, excessive and uncontrolled cell death also contributes to immunopathology in several chronic inflammatory diseases, including arthritis. In this review, we discuss recent findings where pyroptosis contributes to tissue damage and inflammation with a main focus on injury-induced and autoimmune arthritis. We also review novel functions and regulatory mechanisms of the pyroptotic executors gasdermins. Finally, we discuss possible models of how pyroptosis may contribute to the cross-talk between fibroblast and macrophages, and also how this cross-talk may regulate inflammation by modulating inflammasome activation and pyroptosis induction.
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27
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Ryder CB, Kondolf HC, O’Keefe ME, Zhou B, Abbott DW. Chemical Modulation of Gasdermin-Mediated Pyroptosis and Therapeutic Potential. J Mol Biol 2022; 434:167183. [PMID: 34358546 PMCID: PMC8810912 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pyroptosis, a lytic form of programmed cell death, both stimulates effective immune responses and causes tissue damage. Gasdermin (GSDM) proteins are a family of pore-forming executors of pyroptosis. While the most-studied member, GSDMD, exerts critical functions in inflammasome biology, emerging evidence demonstrates potential broad relevance for GSDM-mediated pyroptosis across diverse pathologies. In this review, we describe GSDM biology, outline conditions where inflammasomes and GSDM-mediated pyroptosis represent rational therapeutic targets, and delineate strategies to manipulate these central immunologic processes for the treatment of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B. Ryder
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA 44106,Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA 44106
| | - Hannah C. Kondolf
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA 44106
| | - Meghan E. O’Keefe
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA 44106
| | - Bowen Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA 44106
| | - Derek W. Abbott
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA 44106,Corresponding author: ()
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28
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Wei Y, Yang L, Pandeya A, Cui J, Zhang Y, Li Z. Pyroptosis-Induced Inflammation and Tissue Damage. J Mol Biol 2022; 434:167301. [PMID: 34653436 PMCID: PMC8844146 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell deaths are pathways involving cells playing an active role in their own destruction. Depending on the signaling system of the process, programmed cell death can be divided into two categories, pro-inflammatory and non-inflammatory. Pyroptosis is a pro-inflammatory form of programmed cell death. Upon cell death, a plethora of cytokines are released and trigger a cascade of responses from the neighboring cells. The pyroptosis process is a double-edged sword, could be both beneficial and detrimental in various inflammatory disorders and disease conditions. A physiological outcome of these responses is tissue damage, and sometimes death of the host. In this review, we focus on the inflammatory response triggered by pyroptosis, and resulting tissue damage in selected organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Wei
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Ankit Pandeya
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jian Cui
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Yan Zhang
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou,China
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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29
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Li Y, Yu P, Kessler AL, Shu J, Liu X, Liang Z, Liu J, Li Y, Li P, Wang L, Wang Y, Ma Z, Liu A, Wang L, Bruno MJ, de Man RA, Peppelenbosch MP, Buschow SI, Wang L, Wang Y, Pan Q. Hepatitis E virus infection activates NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 inflammasome antagonizing interferon response but therapeutically targetable. Hepatology 2022; 75:196-212. [PMID: 34392558 PMCID: PMC9299901 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS HEV infection is the most common cause of liver inflammation, but the pathogenic mechanisms remain largely unclear. We aim to explore whether HEV infection activates inflammasomes, crosstalk with antiviral interferon response, and the potential of therapeutic targeting. APPROACH AND RESULTS We measured IL-1β secretion, the hallmark of inflammasome activation, in serum of HEV-infected patients and rabbits, and in cultured macrophage cell lines and primary monocyte-derived macrophages. We found that genotypes 3 and 4 HEV infection in rabbits elevated IL-1β production. A profound increase of IL-1β secretion was further observed in HEV-infected patients (1,733 ± 1,234 pg/mL; n = 70) compared to healthy persons (731 ± 701 pg/mL; n = 70). Given that macrophages are the drivers of inflammatory response, we found that inoculation with infectious HEV particles robustly triggered NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation in primary macrophages and macrophage cell lines. We further revealed that the ORF2 capsid protein and the formed integral viral particles are responsible for activating inflammasome response. We also identified NF-κB signaling activation as a key upstream event of HEV-induced NLRP3 inflammasome response. Interestingly, inflammasome activation antagonizes interferon response to facilitate viral replication in macrophages. Pharmacological inhibitors and clinically used steroids can effectively target inflammasome activation. Combining steroids with ribavirin simultaneously inhibits HEV and inflammasome response without cross-interference. CONCLUSIONS HEV infection strongly activates NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages, which regulates host innate defense and pathogenesis. Therapeutic targeting of NLRP3, in particular when combined with antiviral agents, represents a viable option for treating severe HEV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyErasmus MC‐University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Peifa Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyErasmus MC‐University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Amy L. Kessler
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyErasmus MC‐University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jingyi Shu
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease CentreSchool of Basic Medical SciencesPeking University Health Science CentreBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Pathology and HepatologyThe Fifth Medical Center of ChinesePLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Zhaochao Liang
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease CentreSchool of Basic Medical SciencesPeking University Health Science CentreBeijingChina
| | - Jiaye Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyErasmus MC‐University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Yunlong Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyErasmus MC‐University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Pengfei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyErasmus MC‐University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyErasmus MC‐University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Yining Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyErasmus MC‐University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Zhongren Ma
- Biomedical Research CenterNorthwest Minzu UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Aixia Liu
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryThe Fifth Medical Center of ChinesePLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease CentreSchool of Basic Medical SciencesPeking University Health Science CentreBeijingChina
| | - Marco J. Bruno
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyErasmus MC‐University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Robert A. de Man
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyErasmus MC‐University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Maikel P. Peppelenbosch
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyErasmus MC‐University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Sonja I. Buschow
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyErasmus MC‐University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease CentreSchool of Basic Medical SciencesPeking University Health Science CentreBeijingChina
| | - Yijin Wang
- School of MedicineSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenChina
| | - Qiuwei Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyErasmus MC‐University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
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30
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Gasdermin D and Beyond - Gasdermin-mediated Pyroptosis in Bacterial Infections. J Mol Biol 2021; 434:167409. [PMID: 34929200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of pyroptosis and its subsequent implications in infection and immunity has uncovered a new angle of host-defence against pathogen assault. At its most simple, gasdermin-mediated pyroptosis in bacterial infection would be expected to remove pathogens from the relative safety of the cytosol or pathogen containing vacuole/phagosome whilst inducing a rapid and effective immune response. Differences in gasdermin-mediated pyroptosis between cell types, stimulation conditions, pathogen and even animal species, however, make things more complex. The excessive inflammation associated with the pathogen-induced gasdermin-mediated pyroptosis contributes to a downward spiral in sepsis. With no currently approved effective treatment options for sepsis understanding how gasdermin-mediated pyroptotic pathways are regulated provides an opportunity to identify novel therapeutic candidates against this complex disease. In this review we cover recent advances in the field of gasdermin-mediated pyroptosis with a focus on bacterial infection and sepsis models in the context of humans and other animal species. Importantly we also consider why there is considerable redundancy set into these ancient immune pathways.
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31
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Liu X, Ding S, Liu P. The Roles of Gasdermin D in Coronavirus Infection and Evasion. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:784009. [PMID: 34899666 PMCID: PMC8662355 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.784009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis is lytic, programmed cell death and plays a critical role against microbial invasion, functioning as an innate immune effector mechanism. The pore-forming protein gasdermin D (GSDMD), a member of gasdermin family proteins, is a primary effector of pyroptosis. The cleavage of inflammasome-associated inflammatory caspases activates GSDMD to liberate the N-terminal effector domain from the C-terminal inhibitory domain and form pores in the cellular plasma membrane. Emerging evidence shows that the pore-forming activity of GSDMD beyond pyroptosis and modifies non-lytic cytosolic protein secretion in living cells and innate immunity. While the essential roles of GSDMD in bacterial infection and cancer have been widely investigated, the importance of GSDMD in virus infection, including coronaviruses, remains elusive. Here, we review the current literature regarding the activation and functions of GSDMD during virus infections. Last, we further discuss the roles of GSDMD and the therapeutic potential of targeting this GSDMD pore-forming activity in coronavirus diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shihao Ding
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Pinghuang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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32
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Hartmann C, Miggiolaro AFRDS, Motta JDS, Baena Carstens L, Busatta Vaz De Paula C, Fagundes Grobe S, Hermann de Souza Nunes L, Lenci Marques G, Libby P, Zytynski Moura L, de Noronha L, Pellegrino Baena C. The Pathogenesis of COVID-19 Myocardial Injury: An Immunohistochemical Study of Postmortem Biopsies. Front Immunol 2021; 12:748417. [PMID: 34804033 PMCID: PMC8602833 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.748417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale Myocardial injury associates significantly and independently with mortality in COVID-19 patients. However, the pathogenesis of myocardial injury in COVID-19 remains unclear, and cardiac involvement by SARS-CoV-2 presents a major challenge worldwide. Objective This histological and immunohistochemical study sought to clarify the pathogenesis and propose a mechanism with pathways involved in COVID-19 myocardial injury. Methods and Results Postmortem minimally invasive autopsies were performed in six patients who died from COVID-19, and the myocardium samples were compared to a control group (n=11). Histological analysis was performed using hematoxylin-eosin and toluidine blue staining. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was performed using monoclonal antibodies against targets: caspase-1, caspase-9, gasdermin-d, ICAM-1, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, CD163, TNF-α, TGF-β, MMP-9, type 1 and type 3 collagen. The samples were also assessed for apoptotic cells by TUNEL. Histological analysis showed severe pericardiocyte interstitial edema and higher mast cells counts per high-power field in all COVID-19 myocardium samples. The IHC analysis showed increased expression of caspase-1, ICAM-1, IL-1β, IL-6, MMP-9, TNF-α, and other markers in the hearts of COVID-19 patients. Expression of caspase-9 did not differ from the controls, while gasdermin-d expression was less. The TUNEL assay was positive in all the COVID-19 samples supporting endothelial apoptosis. Conclusions The pathogenesis of COVID-19 myocardial injury does not seem to relate to primary myocardiocyte involvement but to local inflammation with associated interstitial edema. We found heightened TGF-β and interstitial collagen expression in COVID-affected hearts, a potential harbinger of chronic myocardial fibrosis. These results suggest a need for continued clinical surveillance of patients for myocardial dysfunction and arrythmias after recovery from the acute phase of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Hartmann
- School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Brazil.,Department of Medicine, Marcelino Champagnat Hospital, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lucas Baena Carstens
- School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Sarah Fagundes Grobe
- School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Brazil.,Department of Medicine, Marcelino Champagnat Hospital, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Larissa Hermann de Souza Nunes
- School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Brazil.,Department of Medicine, Marcelino Champagnat Hospital, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Lenci Marques
- School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Brazil.,Department of Medicine, Marcelino Champagnat Hospital, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Peter Libby
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lidia Zytynski Moura
- School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Brazil.,Department of Medicine, Marcelino Champagnat Hospital, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Lucia de Noronha
- School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Cristina Pellegrino Baena
- School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Brazil.,Department of Medicine, Marcelino Champagnat Hospital, Curitiba, Brazil
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33
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Ding X, Kambara H, Guo R, Kanneganti A, Acosta-Zaldívar M, Li J, Liu F, Bei T, Qi W, Xie X, Han W, Liu N, Zhang C, Zhang X, Yu H, Zhao L, Ma F, Köhler JR, Luo HR. Inflammasome-mediated GSDMD activation facilitates escape of Candida albicans from macrophages. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6699. [PMID: 34795266 PMCID: PMC8602704 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27034-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is the most common cause of fungal sepsis. Inhibition of inflammasome activity confers resistance to polymicrobial and LPS-induced sepsis; however, inflammasome signaling appears to protect against C. albicans infection, so inflammasome inhibitors are not clinically useful for candidiasis. Here we show disruption of GSDMD, a known inflammasome target and key pyroptotic cell death mediator, paradoxically alleviates candidiasis, improving outcomes and survival of Candida-infected mice. Mechanistically, C. albicans hijacked the canonical inflammasome-GSDMD axis-mediated pyroptosis to promote their escape from macrophages, deploying hyphae and candidalysin, a pore-forming toxin expressed by hyphae. GSDMD inhibition alleviated candidiasis by preventing C. albicans escape from macrophages while maintaining inflammasome-dependent but GSDMD-independent IL-1β production for anti-fungal host defenses. This study demonstrates key functions for GSDMD in Candida's escape from host immunity in vitro and in vivo and suggests that GSDMD may be a potential therapeutic target in C. albicans-induced sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xionghui Ding
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Enders Research Building, Room 814, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Hiroto Kambara
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Enders Research Building, Room 814, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Rongxia Guo
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Enders Research Building, Room 814, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, CAMS Key laboratory for prevention and control of hematological disease treatment related infection, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Apurva Kanneganti
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Enders Research Building, Room 814, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Maikel Acosta-Zaldívar
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jiajia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, CAMS Key laboratory for prevention and control of hematological disease treatment related infection, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Fei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, CAMS Key laboratory for prevention and control of hematological disease treatment related infection, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Ting Bei
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Enders Research Building, Room 814, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Wanjun Qi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Xuemei Xie
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Enders Research Building, Room 814, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Wenli Han
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Enders Research Building, Room 814, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ningning Liu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Cunling Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Enders Research Building, Room 814, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Enders Research Building, Room 814, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Hongbo Yu
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 1400 VFW Parkway West Roxbury, Boston, MA, 02132, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Enders Research Building, Room 814, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Fengxia Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, CAMS Key laboratory for prevention and control of hematological disease treatment related infection, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Julia R Köhler
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Hongbo R Luo
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Enders Research Building, Room 814, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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BMSC-Derived Exosomes Ameliorate Osteoarthritis by Inhibiting Pyroptosis of Cartilage via Delivering miR-326 Targeting HDAC3 and STAT1//NF- κB p65 to Chondrocytes. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:9972805. [PMID: 34764819 PMCID: PMC8577926 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9972805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In the past decade, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been widely used for the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA), and noncoding RNAs in exosomes may play a major role. Aim The present study is aimed at exploring the effect and mechanism of miR-326 in exosomes secreted by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on pyroptosis of cartilage and OA improvement. Methods Exosomes from BMSCs (BMSC-Exos) were isolated and identified to incubate with OA chondrocytes. Proliferation, migration, specific gene and miR-326 expression, and pyroptosis of chondrocytes were detected. BMSCs or chondrocytes were transfected with miR-326 mimics or inhibitors to investigate the effect of miR-326 in BMSC-Exos on pyroptosis of chondrocytes and the potential mechanism. Finally, a rat OA model was established to verify the effect and mechanism of miR-326 in BMSC-Exos on cartilage of pyroptosis. Results Incubation with BMSC-Exos could significantly improve the survival rate, migration ability, and chondrocyte-specific genes (COL2A1, SOX9, Agg, and Prg4) and miR-326 expression of OA chondrocytes and significantly inhibit pyroptosis of chondrocytes by downregulation of the levels of inflammatory cytokines, Caspase-1 activity, and pyroptosis-related proteins such as GSDMD, NLRP3, ASC, IL-1β, and IL-18 (P < 0.01). PKH26 labeling confirmed the uptake of BMSC-Exos by chondrocytes. Incubation with exosomes extracted from BMSCs overexpressing miR-326 can significantly repress the pyroptosis of chondrocytes, while knockdown of miR-326 had the opposite effect (P < 0.01). The same result was also demonstrated by direct interference with the expression level of miR-326 in chondrocytes (P < 0.01). In addition, we found that the overexpression of miR-326 significantly inhibited the expression of HDAC3 and NF-κB p65 and significantly promoted the expression of STAT1, acetylated STAT1, and acetylated NF-κB p65 in chondrocytes (P < 0.01). The targeted relationship between miR-326 and HDAC3 was verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Animal experiments confirmed the mechanism by which miR-326 delivered by BMSC-Exos inhibits pyroptosis of cartilage by targeting HDAC3 and STAT1/NF-κB p65 signaling pathway. Conclusion BMSC-Exos can deliver miR-326 to chondrocytes and cartilage and improve OA by targeting HDAC3 and STAT1//NF-κB p65 to inhibit pyroptosis of chondrocytes and cartilage. Our findings provide a new mechanism for BMSC-Exos to treat OA.
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Abstract
Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are increasingly becoming the main cause of transmissible gastroenteritis worldwide, with hundreds of thousands of deaths recorded annually. Yet, decades after their discovery, there is still no effective treatment or vaccine. Efforts aimed at developing vaccines or treatment will benefit from a greater understanding of norovirus-host interactions, including the host response to infection. In this review, we provide a concise overview of the evidence establishing the significance of type I and type III interferon (IFN) responses in the restriction of noroviruses. We also critically examine our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of IFN induction in norovirus-infected cells, and outline the diverse strategies deployed by noroviruses to supress and/or avoid host IFN responses. It is our hope that this review will facilitate further discussion and increase interest in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aminu S. Jahun
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- *Correspondence: Aminu S. Jahun,
| | - Ian G. Goodfellow
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
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Eisfeld HS, Simonis A, Winter S, Chhen J, Ströh LJ, Krey T, Koch M, Theobald SJ, Rybniker J. Viral Glycoproteins Induce NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Pyroptosis in Macrophages. Viruses 2021; 13:v13102076. [PMID: 34696506 PMCID: PMC8538122 DOI: 10.3390/v13102076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections with viral pathogens are widespread and can cause a variety of different diseases. In-depth knowledge about viral triggers initiating an immune response is necessary to decipher viral pathogenesis. Inflammasomes, as part of the innate immune system, can be activated by viral pathogens. However, viral structural components responsible for inflammasome activation remain largely unknown. Here we analyzed glycoproteins derived from SARS-CoV-1/2, HCMV and HCV, required for viral entry and fusion, as potential triggers of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis in THP-1 macrophages. All tested glycoproteins were able to potently induce NLRP3 inflammasome activation, indicated by ASC-SPECK formation and secretion of cleaved IL-1β. Lytic cell death via gasdermin D (GSDMD), pore formation, and pyroptosis are required for IL-1β release. As a hallmark of pyroptosis, we were able to detect cleavage of GSDMD and, correspondingly, cell death in THP-1 macrophages. CRISPR-Cas9 knockout of NLRP3 and GSDMD in THP-1 macrophages confirmed and strongly support the evidence that viral glycoproteins can act as innate immunity triggers. With our study, we decipher key mechanisms of viral pathogenesis by showing that viral glycoproteins potently induce innate immune responses. These insights could be beneficial in vaccine development and provide new impulses for the investigation of vaccine-induced innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah S. Eisfeld
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (H.S.E.); (A.S.); (S.W.); (J.C.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Strasse 21, 50931 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Alexander Simonis
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (H.S.E.); (A.S.); (S.W.); (J.C.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Strasse 21, 50931 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Sandra Winter
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (H.S.E.); (A.S.); (S.W.); (J.C.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Strasse 21, 50931 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Jason Chhen
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (H.S.E.); (A.S.); (S.W.); (J.C.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Strasse 21, 50931 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Luisa J. Ströh
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (L.J.S.); (T.K.)
| | - Thomas Krey
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (L.J.S.); (T.K.)
- Center of Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Excellence Cluster 2155 RESIST, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB), 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Manuel Koch
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Strasse 21, 50931 Cologne, Germany;
- Institute for Dental Research and Oral Musculoskeletal Biology and Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 52, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Sebastian J. Theobald
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (H.S.E.); (A.S.); (S.W.); (J.C.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Strasse 21, 50931 Cologne, Germany;
- Correspondence: (S.J.T.); (J.R.)
| | - Jan Rybniker
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (H.S.E.); (A.S.); (S.W.); (J.C.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Strasse 21, 50931 Cologne, Germany;
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Correspondence: (S.J.T.); (J.R.)
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Ye Q, Ling Q, Shen J, Shi L, Chen J, Yang T, Hou Z, Zhao J, Zhou H. Protective effect of pogostone on murine norovirus infected-RAW264.7 macrophages through inhibition of NF-κB/NLRP3-dependent pyroptosis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 278:114250. [PMID: 34089810 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Pogostemon cablin, the dry overground parts of Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth, has been widely used in the treatment of gastrointestinal dysfunction, such as nausea, diarrhea, headaches and fever. Pogostone (PO) is a major component of Pogostemon cablin which has a variety of pharmacological properties, including antiinflammatory, and immunosuppressive activities, and antioxidant. However, the effect of PO on norovirus gastroenteritis and the underlying molecular mechanism remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of our study is to investigate the effects of PO against MNV infection using RAW264.7 cells and to elucidate its active mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cell viability was assessed using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and Fluorescein diacetate (FDA) staining. The activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling and NOD-like receptor 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome was evaluated by assessing the level of phospho-NF-κB p65, interleukin (IL)-6, TNF-α, NLRP3, cleaved caspase-1, IL-18, IL-1β using Western blot and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), respectively. The number of infected cells were determined by immunofluorescence microscopic assay. RESULTS PO did not possess a cytotoxic effect toward RAW264.7 cells. The cytotoxic damage caused by MNV infection in RAW264.7 cells decreased significantly in the presence of PO. Cell viability assays showed that pyroptosis is the major mechanism of death in MNV-infected RAW264.7 cells. PO could decreased the expression levels of p-p65, IL-6, TNF-α, NLRP3, cleaved caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that PO decreases MNV-induced RAW264.7 macrophages death and MNV replication through repressing NF-κB/NLRP3-dependent pyroptosis. Therefore PO may be considered as a potential therapeutic agent for preventing and treating norovirus gastroenteritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyan Ye
- Department of Paediatrics, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qihua Ling
- Department of Emergency, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Shen
- Department of Paediatrics, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Clinical Laboratory, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianjie Chen
- Department of Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijun Hou
- Department of Emergency, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Paediatrics, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hua Zhou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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From pyroptosis, apoptosis and necroptosis to PANoptosis: A mechanistic compendium of programmed cell death pathways. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:4641-4657. [PMID: 34504660 PMCID: PMC8405902 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis, apoptosis and necroptosis are the most genetically well-defined programmed cell death (PCD) pathways, and they are intricately involved in both homeostasis and disease. Although the identification of key initiators, effectors and executioners in each of these three PCD pathways has historically delineated them as distinct, growing evidence has highlighted extensive crosstalk among them. These observations have led to the establishment of the concept of PANoptosis, defined as an inflammatory PCD pathway regulated by the PANoptosome complex with key features of pyroptosis, apoptosis and/or necroptosis that cannot be accounted for by any of these PCD pathways alone. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the research history of pyroptosis, apoptosis and necroptosis. We then examine the intricate crosstalk among these PCD pathways to discuss the current evidence for PANoptosis. We also detail the molecular evidence for the assembly of the PANoptosome complex, a molecular scaffold for contemporaneous engagement of key molecules from pyroptosis, apoptosis, and/or necroptosis. PANoptosis is now known to be critically involved in many diseases, including infection, sterile inflammation and cancer, and future discovery of novel PANoptotic components will continue to broaden our understanding of the fundamental processes of cell death and inform the development of new therapeutics.
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Ma D, Yang B, Guan B, Song L, Liu Q, Fan Y, Zhao L, Wang T, Zhang Z, Gao Z, Li S, Xu H. A Bibliometric Analysis of Pyroptosis From 2001 to 2021. Front Immunol 2021; 12:731933. [PMID: 34484243 PMCID: PMC8416445 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.731933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pyroptosis is a new programmed cell death discovered in recent years. Pyroptosis plays an important role in various diseases. Nevertheless, there are few bibliometric analysis systematically studies this field. We aimed to visualize the research hotspots and trends of pyroptosis using a bibliometric analysis to help understand the future development of basic and clinical research. Methods The articles and reviews regarding pyroptosis were culled from Web of Science Core Collection. Countries, institutions, authors, references and keywords in this field were visually analyzed by using CtieSpace and VOSviewer software. Results A total of 2845 articles and reviews were included. The number of articles regarding pyroptosis significantly increased yearly. These publications mainly come from 70 countries led by China and the USA and 418 institutions. We identified 605 authors, among which Thirumaladevi Kanneganti had the most significant number of articles, and Shi JJ was co-cited most often. Frontiers in immunology was the journal with the most studies, and Nature was the most commonly cited journal. After analysis, the most common keywords are nod like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome, apoptosis, cell death, gasdermin D, mechanism, caspase-1, and others are current and developing areas of study. Conclusion Research on the pyroptosis is flourishing. Cooperation and exchanges between countries and institutions must be strengthened in the future. The related pathway mechanism of pyroptosis, the relationship between pyroptosis and other types of programmed cell deaths as well as the role of pyroptosis in various diseases have been the focus of current research and developmental trends in the future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Ma
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baoyi Guan
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Luxia Song
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qiyu Liu
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yixuan Fan
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tongxin Wang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zihao Zhang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuye Gao
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Siming Li
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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40
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Microbes exploit death-induced nutrient release by gut epithelial cells. Nature 2021; 596:262-267. [PMID: 34349263 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03785-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Regulated cell death is an integral part of life, and has broad effects on organism development and homeostasis1. Malfunctions within the regulated cell death process, including the clearance of dying cells, can manifest in diverse pathologies throughout various tissues including the gastrointestinal tract2. A long appreciated, yet elusively defined relationship exists between cell death and gastrointestinal pathologies with an underlying microbial component3-6, but the direct effect of dying mammalian cells on bacterial growth is unclear. Here we advance a concept that several Enterobacteriaceae, including patient-derived clinical isolates, have an efficient growth strategy to exploit soluble factors that are released from dying gut epithelial cells. Mammalian nutrients released after caspase-3/7-dependent apoptosis boosts the growth of multiple Enterobacteriaceae and is observed using primary mouse colonic tissue, mouse and human cell lines, several apoptotic triggers, and in conventional as well as germ-free mice in vivo. The mammalian cell death nutrients induce a core transcriptional response in pathogenic Salmonella, and we identify the pyruvate formate-lyase-encoding pflB gene as a key driver of bacterial colonization in three contexts: a foodborne infection model, a TNF- and A20-dependent cell death model, and a chemotherapy-induced mucositis model. These findings introduce a new layer to the complex host-pathogen interaction, in which death-induced nutrient release acts as a source of fuel for intestinal bacteria, with implications for gut inflammation and cytotoxic chemotherapy treatment.
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Yuan R, Zhao W, Wang QQ, He J, Han S, Gao H, Feng Y, Yang S. Cucurbitacin B inhibits non-small cell lung cancer in vivo and in vitro by triggering TLR4/NLRP3/GSDMD-dependent pyroptosis. Pharmacol Res 2021; 170:105748. [PMID: 34217831 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pyroptosis, a type of programmed cell death (PCD), is characterized by cell swelling with bubbles, and the release of inflammatory cell cytokines. Cucurbitacin B (CuB), extracted from muskmelon pedicel, is a natural bioactive product that could effectively exert anti-tumor activities in lung cancer. However, the exact molecular mechanisms and the direct targets of CuB in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain to be discovered. Here, we firstly found that CuB exerted an anti-tumor effect via pyroptosis in NSCLC cells and NSCLC mice models. Next, based on the molecular docking and cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA), we identified that CuB directly bound to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome, which further caused the separation of N- and C-terminals of Gasdermin D (GSDMD) to execute pyroptosis. Moreover, CuB enhanced the mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane protein Tom20 accumulation, and cytosolic calcium (Ca2+) release, leading to pyroptosis in NSCLC cells. Silencing of TLR4 inhibited CuB-induced pyroptosis and decreased the level of ROS and Ca2+ in A549 cells. In vivo study showed that CuB treatment suppressed lung tumor growth in mice via pyroptosis without dose-dependent manner, and CuB at 0.75 mg/kg had a better anti-tumor effect compared to the Gefitinib group. Taken together, our findings revealed the mechanisms and targets of CuB triggering pyroptosis in NSCLC, thus supporting the notion of developing CuB as a promising therapeutic agent for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renyikun Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China; College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Wentong Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China; College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Qin-Qin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530000, China; Guangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Advantage Chinese Patent Drug and Ethnic Drug Development, Nanning 530020, China
| | - Jia He
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530000, China; Guangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Advantage Chinese Patent Drug and Ethnic Drug Development, Nanning 530020, China
| | - Shan Han
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530000, China; Guangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Advantage Chinese Patent Drug and Ethnic Drug Development, Nanning 530020, China
| | - Hongwei Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530000, China; Guangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Advantage Chinese Patent Drug and Ethnic Drug Development, Nanning 530020, China.
| | - Yulin Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China; State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China.
| | - Shilin Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530000, China; Guangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Advantage Chinese Patent Drug and Ethnic Drug Development, Nanning 530020, China
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Wen W, Li X, Wang H, Zhao Q, Yin M, Liu W, Chen H, Qian P. Seneca Valley Virus 3C Protease Induces Pyroptosis by Directly Cleaving Porcine Gasdermin D. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2021; 207:189-199. [PMID: 34183365 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Seneca Valley virus (SVV), a newly emerging virus belonging to the Picornaviridae family, has caused vesicular disease in the swine industry. However, the molecular mechanism of viral pathogenesis remains poorly understood. This study revealed that SVV infection could induce pyroptosis in SK6 cells in a caspase-dependent and -independent manner. SVV may inhibit caspase-1 activation at late infection because of 3Cpro cleavage of NLRP3, which counteracted pyroptosis activation. Further study showed that 3Cpro targeted porcine gasdermin D (pGSDMD) for cleavage through its protease activity. 3Cpro cleaved porcine GSDMD (pGSDMD) at two sites, glutamine 193 (Q193) and glutamine 277 (Q277), and Q277 was close to the caspase-1-induced pGSDMD cleavage site. pGSDMD1-277 triggered cell death, which was similar to N-terminal fragment produced by caspase-1 cleavage of pGSDMD, and other fragments exhibited no significant inhibitory effects on cellular activity. Ectopic expression of pGSDMD converted 3Cpro-induced apoptosis to pyroptosis in 293T cells. Interestingly, 3Cpro did not cleave mouse GSDMD or human GSDMD. And, both pGSDMD and pGSDMD1-277 exhibited bactericidal activities in vivo. Nevertheless, pGSDMD cannot kill bacteria in vitro. Taken together, our results reveal a novel pyroptosis activation manner produced by viral protease cleavage of pGSDMD, which may provide an important insight into the pathogenesis of SVV and cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; and Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; and Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Haoyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; and Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiongqiong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; and Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengge Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; and Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; and Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; and Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; and Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
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Keuler T, Gatterdam K, Akbal A, Lovotti M, Marleaux M, Geyer M, Latz E, Gütschow M. Development of Fluorescent and Biotin Probes Targeting NLRP3. Front Chem 2021; 9:642273. [PMID: 33996748 PMCID: PMC8115122 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.642273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular signals drive the nucleation of the NLRP3 inflammasome which leads to the release of cytokines and causes inflammatory events. Hence, the inflammasome has gained enormous momentum in biomedical basic research. The detailed mechanisms of inflammasome generation and regulation remain to be elucidated. Our study was directed toward the design, convergent synthesis, and initial biochemical evaluation of activity-based probes addressing NLRP3. For this purpose, probes were assembled from a CRID3/MCC950-related NLRP3-binding unit, a linker portion and a coumarin 343 fluorophore or biotin. The affinity of our probes to NLRP3 was demonstrated through SPR measurements and their cellular activity was confirmed by reduction of the interleukin 1β release from stimulated bone marrow-derived macrophages. The initial characterizations of NLRP3-targeting probes highlighted the coumarin probe 2 as a suitable tool compound for the cellular and biochemical analysis of the NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Keuler
- Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Karl Gatterdam
- Institute of Structural Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anil Akbal
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marta Lovotti
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Marleaux
- Institute of Structural Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthias Geyer
- Institute of Structural Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eicke Latz
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Abstract
Nearly all animal cells contain proteins evolved to trigger the destruction of the cell in which they reside. The activation of these proteins occurs via sequential programs, and much effort has been expended in delineating the molecular mechanisms underlying the resulting processes of programmed cell death (PCD). These efforts have led to the definition of apoptosis as a form of nonimmunogenic PCD that is required for normal development and tissue homeostasis, and of pyroptosis and necroptosis as forms of PCD initiated by pathogen infection that are associated with inflammation and immune activation. While this paradigm has served the field well, numerous recent studies have highlighted cross talk between these programs, challenging the idea that apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis are linear pathways with defined immunological outputs. Here, we discuss the emerging idea of cell death as a signaling network, considering connections between cell death pathways both as we observe them now and in their evolutionary origins. We also discuss the engagement and subversion of cell death pathways by pathogens, as well as the key immunological outcomes of these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelise G Snyder
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Andrew Oberst
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA;
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45
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Choudhury SKM, Ma X, Abdullah SW, Zheng H. Activation and Inhibition of the NLRP3 Inflammasome by RNA Viruses. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:1145-1163. [PMID: 33814921 PMCID: PMC8009543 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s295706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation refers to the response of the immune system to viral, bacterial, and fungal infections, or other foreign particles in the body, which can involve the production of a wide array of soluble inflammatory mediators. It is important for the development of many RNA virus-infected diseases. The primary factors through which the infection becomes inflammation involve inflammasome. Inflammasomes are proteins complex that the activation is responsive to specific pathogens, host cell damage, and other environmental stimuli. Inflammasomes bring about the maturation of various pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-18 and IL-1β in order to mediate the innate immune defense mechanisms. Many RNA viruses and their components, such as encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) 2B viroporin, the viral RNA of hepatitis C virus, the influenza virus M2 viroporin, the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) small hydrophobic (SH) viroporin, and the human rhinovirus (HRV) 2B viroporin can activate the Nod-like receptor (NLR) family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome to influence the inflammatory response. On the other hand, several viruses use virus-encoded proteins to suppress inflammation activation, such as the influenza virus NS1 protein and the measles virus (MV) V protein. In this review, we summarize how RNA virus infection leads to the activation or inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Mohiuddin Choudhury
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - XuSheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Sahibzada Waheed Abdullah
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - HaiXue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, People's Republic of China
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46
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Liu X, Xia S, Zhang Z, Wu H, Lieberman J. Channelling inflammation: gasdermins in physiology and disease. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2021; 20:384-405. [PMID: 33692549 PMCID: PMC7944254 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-021-00154-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 115.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Gasdermins were recently identified as the mediators of pyroptosis — inflammatory cell death triggered by cytosolic sensing of invasive infection and danger signals. Upon activation, gasdermins form cell membrane pores, which release pro-inflammatory cytokines and alarmins and damage the integrity of the cell membrane. Roles for gasdermins in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, infectious diseases, deafness and cancer are emerging, revealing potential novel therapeutic avenues. Here, we review current knowledge of the family of gasdermins, focusing on their mechanisms of action and roles in normal physiology and disease. Efforts to develop drugs to modulate gasdermin activity to reduce inflammation or activate more potent immune responses are highlighted. Gasdermins (GSDMs) are a recently characterized protein family that mediate a programmed inflammatory cell death termed pyroptosis. Here, Lieberman and colleagues review current understanding of the expression, activation and regulation of GSDMs, highlighting their roles in cell death, cytokine secretion and inflammation. Emerging opportunities to develop GSDM-targeted drugs and the associated challenges are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Liu
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shiyu Xia
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhibin Zhang
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Judy Lieberman
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Abstract
Pyroptosis, a programmed cell death, functions as an innate immune effector mechanism and plays a crucial role against microbial invasion. Gasdermin D (GSDMD), as the main pyroptosis effector, mediates pyroptosis and promotes releasing proinflammatory molecules into the extracellular environment through pore-forming activity, modifying inflammation and immune responses. While the substantial importance of GSDMD in microbial infection and cancer has been widely investigated, the role of GSDMD in virus infection, including coronaviruses, remains unclear. Enteric coronavirus transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) and porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) are the major agents for lethal watery diarrhea in neonatal pigs and pose the potential for spillover from pigs to humans. In this study, we found that alphacoronavirus TGEV upregulated and activated GSDMD, resulting in pyroptosis after infection. Furthermore, the fragment of swine GSDMD from amino acids 242 to 279 (242-279 fragment) was required to induce pyroptosis. Notably, GSDMD strongly inhibited both TGEV and PDCoV infection. Mechanistically, the antiviral activity of GSDMD was mediated through promoting the nonclassical release of antiviral beta interferon (IFN-β) and then enhancing the interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) responses. These findings showed that GSDMD dampens coronavirus infection by an uncovered GSDMD-mediated IFN secretion, which may present a novel target of coronavirus antiviral therapeutics. IMPORTANCE Coronaviruses, primarily targeting respiratory and gastrointestinal epithelia in vivo, have a serious impact on humans and animals. GSDMD, a main executioner of pyroptosis, is highly expressed in epithelial cells and involves viral infection pathogenesis. While the functions and importance of GSDMD as a critical regulator of inflammasome activities in response to intracellular bacterial infection have been extensively investigated, the roles of GSDMD during coronavirus infection remain unclear. We here show that alphacoronavirus TGEV triggered pyroptosis and upregulated GSDMD expression, while GSDMD broadly suppressed the infection of enteric coronavirus TGEV and PDCoV by its pore-forming activity via promoting unconventional release of IFN-β. Our study highlights the importance of GSDMD as a regulator of innate immunity and may open new avenues for treating coronavirus infection.
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48
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Wang M, Chen X, Zhang Y. Biological Functions of Gasdermins in Cancer: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Potential. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:638710. [PMID: 33634141 PMCID: PMC7901903 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.638710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a type of lytic programmed cell death triggered by various inflammasomes that sense danger signals. Pyroptosis has recently attracted great attention owing to its contributory role in cancer. Pyroptosis plays an important role in cancer progression by inducing cancer cell death or eliciting anticancer immunity. The participation of gasdermins (GSDMs) in pyroptosis is a noteworthy recent discovery. GSDMs have emerged as a group of pore-forming proteins that serve important roles in innate immunity and are composed of GSDMA-E and Pejvakin (PJVK) in human. The N-terminal domains of GSDMs, expect PJVK, can form pores on the cell membrane and function as effector proteins of pyroptosis. Remarkably, it has been found that GSDMs are abnormally expressed in several forms of cancers. Moreover, GSDMs are involved in cancer cell growth, invasion, metastasis and chemoresistance. Additionally, increasing evidence has indicated an association between GSDMs and clinicopathological features in cancer patients. These findings suggest the feasibility of using GSDMs as prospective biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, therapeutic intervention and prognosis. Here, we review the progress in unveiling the characteristics and biological functions of GSDMs. We also focus on the implication and molecular mechanisms of GSDMs in cancer pathogenesis. Investigating the relationship between GSDMs and cancer biology could assist us to explore new therapeutic avenues for cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinzhe Chen
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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49
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Liu G, Liu Q, Yan B, Zhu Z, Xu Y. USP7 Inhibition Alleviates H 2O 2-Induced Injury in Chondrocytes via Inhibiting NOX4/NLRP3 Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:617270. [PMID: 33584299 PMCID: PMC7879569 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.617270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), the most common form of arthritis, is a very common joint disease that often affects middle-aged to elderly people. However, current treatment options for OA are predominantly palliative. Thus, understanding its pathological process and exploring its potential therapeutic approaches are of great importance. Rat chondrocytes were isolated and exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to mimic OA. The effects of H2O2 on ubiquitin-specific protease 7 (USP7) expression, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, proliferation, inflammatory cytokine release, and pyroptosis were measured. USP7 was knocked down (KD) or overexpressed to investigate the role of USP7 in OA. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) was used to study the interaction between USP7 and NAD(P)H oxidases (NOX)4 as well as NOX4 ubiquitination. NOX4 inhibitor was applied to study the involvement of NOX4 in USP7-mediated OA development. USP7 inhibitor was given to OA animals to further investigate the role of USP7 in OA in vivo. Moreover, H2O2 treatment significantly increased USP7 expression, enhanced ROS levels, and inhibited proliferation in rat chondrocytes. The overexpression of USP7 enhanced pyroptosis, ROS production, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 levels, and the expression level of NLRP3, GSDMD-N, active caspase-1, pro-caspase-1, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) 1, and MMP13, which was abolished by ROS inhibition. The USP7 KD protected rat chondrocytes against H2O2-induced injury. Co-IP results showed that USP7 interacted with NOX4, and USP7 KD enhanced NOX4 ubiquitinylation. The inhibition of NOX4 blocked the pro-OA effect of USP7. Moreover, the USP7 inhibitor given to OA animals suppressed OA in vivo. USP7 inhibited NOX4 ubiquitination for degradation which leads to elevated ROS production. ROS subsequently activates NLPR3 inflammasome, leading to enhanced production of IL-1β and IL-18, GSDMD-N-dependent pyroptosis, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Thus, UPS7 contributes to the progression of OA via NOX4/ROS/NLPR3 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Qingbai Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Lianshui County People's Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Bin Yan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Taixing People's Hospital, Taixing, China
| | - Ziqiang Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yaozeng Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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50
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Krishnan D, Menon RN, Gopala S. SHARPIN: Role in Finding NEMO and in Amyloid-Beta Clearance and Degradation (ABCD) Pathway in Alzheimer's Disease? Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 42:1267-1281. [PMID: 33400084 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-01023-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SHANK- associated RH domain-interacting protein (SHARPIN) is a multifunctional protein associated with numerous physiological functions and many diseases. The primary role of the protein as a LUBAC-dependent component in regulating the activation of the transcription factor NF-κB accounts to its role in inflammation and antiapoptosis. Hence, an alteration of SHARPIN expression or genetic mutations or polymorphisms leads to the alteration of the above-mentioned primary physiological functions contributing to inflammation-associated diseases and cancer, respectively. However, there are complications of targeting SHARPIN as a therapeutic approach, which arises from the wide-range of LUBAC-independent functions and yet unknown roles of SHARPIN including neuronal functions. The identification of SHARPIN as a postsynaptic protein and the emerging studies indicating its role in several neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease suggests a strong role of SHARPIN in neuronal functioning. This review summarizes the functional roles of SHARPIN in normal physiology and disease pathogenesis and strongly suggests a need for concentrating more studies on identifying the unknown neuronal functions of SHARPIN and hence its role in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanya Krishnan
- Department of Biochemistry, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695011, Kerala, India
| | - Ramsekhar N Menon
- Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695011, Kerala, India
| | - Srinivas Gopala
- Department of Biochemistry, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695011, Kerala, India.
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