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Wang R, Wu N, Zhan D, Chen F. Naringin exerts antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects on mice with Staphylococcus aureus-induced osteomyelitis. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23753. [PMID: 38923626 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Osteomyelitis is an invasive bone infection that can lead to severe pain and even disability, posing a challenge for orthopedic surgery. Naringin can reduce bone-related inflammatory conditions. This study aimed to elucidate the function and mechanism of naringin in a Staphylococcus aureus-induced mouse model of osteomyelitis. Femurs of S. aureus-infected mice were collected after naringin administration and subjected to microcomputed tomography to analyze cortical bone destruction and bone loss. Bacterial growth in femurs was also assessed. Proinflammatory cytokine levels in mouse femurs were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Pathological changes and bone resorption were analyzed using hematoxylin and eosin staining and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining, respectively. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis were used to quantify the messenger RNA and protein expression of osteogenic differentiation-associated genes in the femurs. The viability of human bone marrow-derived stem cells (hBMSCs) was determined using cell counting kit-8. Alizarin Red S staining and alkaline phosphatase staining were performed to assess the formation of mineralization nodules and bone formation in vitro. Notch signaling-related protein levels in femur tissues and hBMSCs were assessed using western blot analysis. Experimental results revealed that naringin alleviated S. aureus-induced cortical bone destruction and bone loss in mice by increasing the bone volume/total volume ratio. Naringin suppressed S. aureus-induced bacterial growth and inflammation in femurs. Moreover, it alleviated histopathological changes, inhibited bone resorption, and increased the expression of osteogenic markers in osteomyelitic mice. It increased the viability of hBMSCs and promoted their differentiation and bone mineralization in vitro. Furthermore, naringin activated Notch signaling by upregulating the protein levels of Notch1, Jagged1, and Hes1 in the femurs of model mice and S. aureus-stimulated hBMSCs. In conclusion, naringin reduces bacterial growth, inflammation, and bone resorption while upregulating the expression of osteogenic markers in S. aureus-infected mice and hBMSCs by activating Notch signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
| | - NongXin Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangyang Central HospitaI, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
| | - Dong'ang Zhan
- Department of Hospital Infection Management Office, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
| | - Fengwen Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangyang Central HospitaI, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
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Xie X, Chen W, Xu M, Chen J, Yang T, Wang C, Su Y, Zhao J, Xu J, Liu Q. IKK/NF-κB and ROS signal axes are involved in Tenacissoside H mediated inhibitory effects on LPS-induced inflammatory osteolysis. Cell Prolif 2024; 57:e13535. [PMID: 37551727 PMCID: PMC10771108 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease and arthroplasty prosthesis loosening and destabilization are both associated with osteolysis, which is predominantly caused by abnormal bone resorption triggered by pro-inflammatory cytokines. Osteoclasts (OCs) are critical players in the process. Concerns regarding the long-term efficacy and side effects of current frontline therapies, however, remain. Alternative therapies are still required. The aim of this work was to investigate the involvement of Tenacissoside H (TDH) in RANKL-mediated OC differentiation, as well as inflammatory osteolysis and associated processes. In vitro, bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) cultured with RANKL and M-CSF were used to detect TDH in the differentiation and function of OCs. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to measure the expression of specific genes and inflammatory factors in OCs. Western blot was used to identify NFATc1, IKK, NF-κB, MAPK pathway, and oxidative stress-related components. Finally, an LPS-mediated calvarial osteolysis mouse model was employed to explore TDH's role in inflammatory osteolysis. The results showed that in vivo TDH inhibited the differentiation and resorption functions of OCs and down-regulated the transcription of osteoclast-specific genes, as well as Il-1β, Il-6 and Tnf-α. In addition, TDH inhibited the IKK and NF-κB signalling pathways and down-regulated the level of ROS. In vivo studies revealed that TDH improves the bone loss caused by LPS. TDH may be a new candidate or treatment for osteoclast-associated inflammatory osteolytic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Orthopaedic DepartmentThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningGuangxiChina
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co‐constructed by the Province and Ministry, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningGuangxiChina
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Orthopaedic DepartmentThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningGuangxiChina
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co‐constructed by the Province and Ministry, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningGuangxiChina
| | - Minglian Xu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Orthopaedic DepartmentThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningGuangxiChina
| | - Junchun Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Orthopaedic DepartmentThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningGuangxiChina
| | - Tao Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Orthopaedic DepartmentThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningGuangxiChina
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co‐constructed by the Province and Ministry, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningGuangxiChina
| | - Chaofeng Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Orthopaedic DepartmentThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningGuangxiChina
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co‐constructed by the Province and Ministry, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningGuangxiChina
| | - Yuangang Su
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Orthopaedic DepartmentThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningGuangxiChina
| | - Jinmin Zhao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Orthopaedic DepartmentThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningGuangxiChina
| | - Jiake Xu
- School of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenChina
| | - Qian Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Orthopaedic DepartmentThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningGuangxiChina
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co‐constructed by the Province and Ministry, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningGuangxiChina
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Good CJ, Butrico CE, Colley ME, Gibson-Corley KN, Cassat JE, Spraggins JM, Caprioli RM. In situ lipidomics of Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis using imaging mass spectrometry. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.01.569690. [PMID: 38077019 PMCID: PMC10705574 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.01.569690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Osteomyelitis occurs when Staphylococcus aureus invades the bone microenvironment, resulting in a bone marrow abscess with a spatially defined architecture of cells and biomolecules. Imaging mass spectrometry and microscopy are invaluable tools that can be employed to interrogate the lipidome of S. aureus-infected murine femurs to reveal metabolic and signaling consequences of infection. Here, nearly 250 lipids were spatially mapped to healthy and infection-associated morphological features throughout the femur, establishing composition profiles for tissue types. Ether lipids and arachidonoyl lipids were significantly altered between cells and tissue structures in abscesses, suggesting their roles in abscess formation and inflammatory signaling. Sterols, triglycerides, bis(monoacylglycero)phosphates, and gangliosides possessed ring-like distributions throughout the abscess, indicating dysregulated lipid metabolism in a subpopulation of leukocytes that cannot be discerned with traditional microscopy. These data provide chemical insight into the signaling function and metabolism of cells in the fibrotic border of abscesses, likely characteristic of lipid-laden macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Good
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Casey E. Butrico
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Madeline E. Colley
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Katherine N. Gibson-Corley
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - James E. Cassat
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jeffrey M. Spraggins
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Richard M. Caprioli
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
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Yao L, Huang C, Dai J. Staphylococcus aureus enhances osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption by stimulating the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:9395-9403. [PMID: 37817024 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08900-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteomyelitis is one of the most challenging infectious diseases and is mainly caused by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). In this study, we analyzed the effect of S. aureus on osteoclast differentiation and its possible molecular mechanism. METHODS We cultured RAW 264.7 cells with live S. aureus for 5 days. We assessed cell viability and the formation of resorption pits. We tested the NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathways and measured the mRNA expression levels of osteoclastspecific genes, including TRAP, MMP9, cathepsin K, calcitonin receptor and ATP6V0d2. Furthermore, we analyzed the protein expression levels of the protein in the NF-κB and p38 MAPK signaling pathways to clarify the signaling pathways by which S. aureus promotes osteoclast differentiation. RESULTS Staphylococcus aureus induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation. S. aureus promoted bone resorption and enhanced the expression of osteoclastspecific genes, such as TRAP, MMP9, cathepsin K, calcitonin receptor and ATP6V0d2. MCC950 was used to inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activity. Osteoclast differentiation and the expression of osteoclastspecific genes induced by S. aureus were inhibited by MCC950 pretreatment. The degradation of IκBα and phosphorylation of P65 were increased under the induction of S. aureus, but proteins in the p38 MAPK signaling pathway did not change significantly. CONCLUSION Staphylococcus aureus induces osteoclast differentiation and promotes bone resorption in vitro, and the NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway plays a significant role in this process. S. aureus-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation was mainly dependent on the NF-κB signaling pathway during osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital (GROUP) of Putian University, Putian, 351100, Fujian, China
| | - Chongming Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yibin, No. 65 Wenxing Road, Yibin, 644000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jiezhi Dai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600 YiShan Road, Shanghai, 200230, China.
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Li X, Pang W, Fan H, Wang H, Zhang L. FRZB affects Staphylococcus aureus‑induced osteomyelitis in human bone marrow derived stem cells by regulating the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:531. [PMID: 37869648 PMCID: PMC10587868 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteomyelitis is an infectious disease of bone tissue caused by bacterial infection, which can infect through hematogenous, traumatic or secondary ways and then lead to acute or chronic bone injury and relative clinical symptoms, bringing physical injury and economic burden to patients. Frizzled related protein (FRZB) participates in the regulation of various diseases (osteoarthritis, cardiovascular diseases and types of cancer) by regulating cell proliferation, motility, differentiation and inflammation, while its function in osteomyelitis remains to be elucidated. The present study aimed to uncover the role and underlying mechanism of FRZB mediation in Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)-induced osteomyelitis. Human bone marrow derived stem cells (hBMSCs) were treated with S. aureus to imitate an inflammatory osteomyelitis micro-environment in vitro, then mRNA and protein expression were severally assessed by RT-PCR and western blotting. The activity, apoptosis and differentiation of the cells were characterized via CCK-8, caspase-3 activity and Alizarin red sulfate/alkaline phosphatase staining, respectively. Expression levels of FRZB were upregulated in S. aureus-infected hBMSCs. Over-expression of FRZB significantly reduced hBMSC cell viability and differentiation while promoting cell apoptosis with or without S. aureus infection. However, FRZB knockdown reversed these effects. Once Wnt was impeded, the effect of FRZB downregulation was impeded to a great extent. Taken together, FRZB participated to regulate the osteomyelitis by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550023, P.R. China
| | - Wenyong Pang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550023, P.R. China
| | - Hongsong Fan
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550023, P.R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550023, P.R. China
| | - Leibing Zhang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550023, P.R. China
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Dubey A, Vahabi H, Kumaravel V. Antimicrobial and Biodegradable 3D Printed Scaffolds for Orthopedic Infections. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:4020-4044. [PMID: 37339247 PMCID: PMC10336748 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
In bone tissue engineering, the performance of scaffolds underpins the success of the healing of bone. Microbial infection is the most challenging issue for orthopedists. The application of scaffolds for healing bone defects is prone to microbial infection. To address this challenge, scaffolds with a desirable shape and significant mechanical, physical, and biological characteristics are crucial. 3D printing of antibacterial scaffolds with suitable mechanical strength and excellent biocompatibility is an appealing strategy to surmount issues of microbial infection. The spectacular progress in developing antimicrobial scaffolds, along with beneficial mechanical and biological properties, has sparked further research for possible clinical applications. Herein, the significance of antibacterial scaffolds designed by 3D, 4D, and 5D printing technologies for bone tissue engineering is critically investigated. Materials such as antibiotics, polymers, peptides, graphene, metals/ceramics/glass, and antibacterial coatings are used to impart the antimicrobial features for the 3D scaffolds. Polymeric or metallic biodegradable and antibacterial 3D-printed scaffolds in orthopedics disclose exceptional mechanical and degradation behavior, biocompatibility, osteogenesis, and long-term antibacterial efficiency. The commercialization aspect of antibacterial 3D-printed scaffolds and technical challenges are also discussed briefly. Finally, the discussion on the unmet demands and prevailing challenges for ideal scaffold materials for fighting against bone infections is included along with a highlight of emerging strategies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshu Dubey
- International
Centre for Research on Innovative Biobased Materials (ICRI-BioM)—International
Research Agenda, Lodz University of Technology Żeromskiego 116, Lodz 90-924, Poland
| | - Henri Vahabi
- Université
de Lorraine, CentraleSupélec, LMOPS, F-57000 Metz, France
| | - Vignesh Kumaravel
- International
Centre for Research on Innovative Biobased Materials (ICRI-BioM)—International
Research Agenda, Lodz University of Technology Żeromskiego 116, Lodz 90-924, Poland
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7
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Guo A, Gao B, Zhang M, Shi X, Jin W, Tian D. Bioinformatic identification of hub genes Myd88 and Ccl3 and TWS-119 as a potential agent for the treatment of massive cerebral infarction. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1171112. [PMID: 37234258 PMCID: PMC10206038 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1171112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Massive cerebral infarction (MCI) causes severe neurological deficits, coma and can even result in death. Here, we identified hub genes and pathways after MCI by analyzing microarray data from a murine model of ischemic stroke and identified potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of MCI. Methods Microarray expression profiling was performed using the GSE28731 and GSE32529 datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Data from a sham group (n = 6 mice) and a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) group (n = 7 mice) were extracted to identify common differentially expressed genes (DEGs). After identifying gene interactions, we generated a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network with Cytoscape software. Then, the MCODE plug-in in Cytoscape was used to determine key sub-modules according to MCODE scores. Enrichment analyses were then conducted on DEGs in the key sub-modules to evaluate their biological functions. Furthermore, hub genes were identified by generating the intersections of several algorithms in the cytohubba plug-in; these genes were then verified in other datasets. Finally, we used Connectivity MAP (CMap) to identify potential agents for MCI therapy. Results A total of 215 common DEGs were identified and a PPI network was generated with 154 nodes and 947 edges. The most significant key sub-module had 24 nodes and 221 edges. Gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that the DEGs in this sub-module showed enrichment in inflammatory response, extracellular space and cytokine activity in terms of biological process, cellular component and molecular function, respectively. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that TNF signaling was the most enriched pathway. Myd88 and Ccl3 were identified as hub genes and TWS-119 was identified as the most potential therapeutic agent by CMap. Conclusions Bioinformatic analysis identified two hub genes (Myd88 and Ccl3) for ischemic injury. Further analysis identified TWS-119 as the best potential candidate for MCI therapy and that this target may be associated with TLR/MyD88 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Guo
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Gao
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengting Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Shi
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weina Jin
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Decai Tian
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Sipprell SE, Johnson MB, Leach W, Suptela SR, Marriott I. Staphylococcus aureus Infection Induces the Production of the Neutrophil Chemoattractants CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, CXCL5, CCL3, and CCL7 by Murine Osteoblasts. Infect Immun 2023; 91:e0001423. [PMID: 36880752 PMCID: PMC10112169 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00014-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is the principal causative agent of osteomyelitis, a serious bacterial infection of bone that is associated with progressive inflammatory damage. Bone-forming osteoblasts have increasingly been recognized to play an important role in the initiation and progression of detrimental inflammation at sites of infection and have been demonstrated to release an array of inflammatory mediators and factors that promote osteoclastogenesis and leukocyte recruitment following bacterial challenge. In the present study, we describe elevated bone tissue levels of the potent neutrophil-attracting chemokines CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, CXCL5, CCL3, and CCL7 in a murine model of posttraumatic staphylococcal osteomyelitis. RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) gene ontology analysis of isolated primary murine osteoblasts showed enrichment in differentially expressed genes involved in cell migration and chemokine receptor binding and chemokine activity following S. aureus infection, and a rapid increase in the expression of mRNA encoding CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, CXCL5, CCL3, and CCL7, in these cells. Importantly, we have confirmed that such upregulated gene expression results in protein production with the demonstration that S. aureus challenge elicits the rapid and robust release of these chemokines by osteoblasts and does so in a bacterial dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, we have confirmed the ability of soluble osteoblast-derived chemokines to elicit the migration of a neutrophil-like cell line. As such, these studies demonstrate the robust production of CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, CXCL5, CCL3, and CCL7 by osteoblasts in response to S. aureus infection, and the release of such neutrophil-attracting chemokines provides an additional mechanism by which osteoblasts could drive the inflammatory bone loss associated with staphylococcal osteomyelitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie E. Sipprell
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - M. Brittany Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Whitney Leach
- Department of Molecular Biology, Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Samantha R. Suptela
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ian Marriott
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
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Butrico CE, Klopfenstein N, Green ER, Johnson JR, Peck SH, Ibberson CB, Serezani CH, Cassat JE. Hyperglycemia Increases Severity of Staphylococcus aureus Osteomyelitis and Influences Bacterial Genes Required for Survival in Bone. Infect Immun 2023; 91:e0052922. [PMID: 36877063 PMCID: PMC10112148 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00529-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia, or elevated blood glucose, renders individuals more prone to developing severe Staphylococcus aureus infections. S. aureus is the most common etiological agent of musculoskeletal infection, which is a common manifestation of disease in hyperglycemic patients. However, the mechanisms by which S. aureus causes severe musculoskeletal infection during hyperglycemia are incompletely characterized. To examine the influence of hyperglycemia on S. aureus virulence during invasive infection, we used a murine model of osteomyelitis and induced hyperglycemia with streptozotocin. We discovered that hyperglycemic mice exhibited increased bacterial burdens in bone and enhanced dissemination compared to control mice. Furthermore, infected hyperglycemic mice sustained increased bone destruction relative to euglycemic controls, suggesting that hyperglycemia exacerbates infection-associated bone loss. To identify genes contributing to S. aureus pathogenesis during osteomyelitis in hyperglycemic animals relative to euglycemic controls, we used transposon sequencing (TnSeq). We identified 71 genes uniquely essential for S. aureus survival in osteomyelitis in hyperglycemic mice and another 61 mutants with compromised fitness. Among the genes essential for S. aureus survival in hyperglycemic mice was the gene encoding superoxide dismutase A (sodA), one of two S. aureus superoxide dismutases involved in detoxifying reactive oxygen species (ROS). We determined that a sodA mutant exhibits attenuated survival in vitro in high glucose and in vivo during osteomyelitis in hyperglycemic mice. SodA therefore plays an important role during growth in high glucose and promotes S. aureus survival in bone. Collectively, these studies demonstrate that hyperglycemia increases the severity of osteomyelitis and identify genes contributing to S. aureus survival during hyperglycemic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey E. Butrico
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Nathan Klopfenstein
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Erin R. Green
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Joshua R. Johnson
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sun H. Peck
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Nashville VA Medical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Carolyn B. Ibberson
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
| | - C. Henrique Serezani
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (VI4), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - James E. Cassat
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (VI4), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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10
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Neutralization of Staphylococcus aureus Protein A Prevents Exacerbated Osteoclast Activity and Bone Loss during Osteomyelitis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2023; 67:e0114022. [PMID: 36533935 PMCID: PMC9872667 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01140-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteomyelitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus is an important and current health care problem worldwide. Treatment of this infection frequently fails not only due to the increasing incidence of antimicrobial-resistant isolates but also because of the ability of S. aureus to evade the immune system, adapt to the bone microenvironment, and persist within this tissue for decades. We have previously demonstrated the role of staphylococcal protein A (SpA) in the induction of exacerbated osteoclastogenesis and increased bone matrix degradation during osteomyelitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of using anti-SpA antibodies as an adjunctive therapy to control inflammation and bone damage. By using an experimental in vivo model of osteomyelitis, we demonstrated that the administration of an anti-SpA antibody by the intraperitoneal route prevented excessive inflammatory responses in the bone upon challenge with S. aureus. Ex vivo assays indicated that blocking SpA reduced the priming of osteoclast precursors and their response to RANKL. Moreover, the neutralization of SpA was able to prevent the differentiation and activation of osteoclasts in vivo, leading to reduced expression levels of cathepsin K, reduced expression of markers associated with abnormal bone formation, and decreased trabecular bone loss during osteomyelitis. Taken together, these results demonstrate the feasibility of using anti-SpA antibodies as an antivirulence adjunctive therapy that may prevent the development of pathological conditions that not only damage the bone but also favor bacterial escape from antimicrobials and the immune system.
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11
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Petronglo JR, Putnam NE, Ford CA, Cruz-Victorio V, Curry JM, Butrico CE, Fulbright LE, Johnson JR, Peck SH, Fatah SR, Cassat JE. Context-Dependent Roles for Toll-Like Receptors 2 and 9 in the Pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus Osteomyelitis. Infect Immun 2022; 90:e0041722. [PMID: 36226943 PMCID: PMC9670883 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00417-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is the major causative agent of bacterial osteomyelitis, an invasive infection of bone. Inflammation generated by the immune response to S. aureus contributes to bone damage by altering bone homeostasis. Increases in the differentiation of monocyte lineage cells into bone-resorbing osteoclasts (osteoclastogenesis) promote bone loss in the setting of osteomyelitis. In this study, we sought to define the role of Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling in the pathogenesis of S. aureus osteomyelitis. We hypothesized that S. aureus-sensing TLRs 2 and 9, both of which are known to alter osteoclastogenesis in vitro, promote pathological changes to bone, including increased osteoclast abundance, bone loss, and altered callus formation during osteomyelitis. Stimulation of osteoclast precursors with S. aureus supernatant increased osteoclastogenesis in a TLR2-dependent, but not a TLR9-dependent, manner. However, in vivo studies using a posttraumatic murine model of osteomyelitis revealed that TLR2-null mice experienced similar bone damage and increased osteoclastogenesis compared to wild type (WT) mice. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that compensation between TLR2 and TLR9 contributes to osteomyelitis pathogenesis. We found that mice deficient in both TLR2 and TLR9 (Tlr2/9-/-) have decreased trabecular bone loss in response to infection compared to WT mice. However, osteoclastogenesis is comparable between WT and Tlr2/9-/- mice, suggesting that alternative mechanisms enhance osteoclastogenesis in vivo during osteomyelitis. Indeed, we discovered that osteoclast precursors intracellularly infected with S. aureus undergo significantly increased osteoclast formation, even in the absence of TLR2 and TLR9. These results suggest that TLR2 and TLR9 have context-dependent roles in the alteration of bone homeostasis during osteomyelitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna R. Petronglo
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Centergrid.412807.8, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Nicole E. Putnam
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Centergrid.412807.8, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Caleb A. Ford
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Virginia Cruz-Victorio
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Centergrid.412807.8, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jacob M. Curry
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Centergrid.412807.8, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Casey E. Butrico
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Centergrid.412807.8, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Laura E. Fulbright
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Centergrid.412807.8, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Joshua R. Johnson
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Centergrid.412807.8, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Centergrid.412807.8, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sun H. Peck
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Centergrid.412807.8, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Centergrid.412807.8, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sana R. Fatah
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Centergrid.412807.8, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - James E. Cassat
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Centergrid.412807.8, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Centergrid.412807.8, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Centergrid.412807.8, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (VI4), Vanderbilt University Medical Centergrid.412807.8, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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12
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Qayoom I, Srivastava E, Kumar A. Anti-infective composite cryogel scaffold treats osteomyelitis and augments bone healing in rat femoral condyle. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 142:213133. [PMID: 36215747 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Bone and joint infections pose a serious challenge in the orthopedic medical condition which presents a major health care problem and economic burden to the patients. The current treatment strategies adopted have a very limited successful outcome in majority of the cases and need serious reconsiderations in terms of management, diagnosis and effective treatment approach. Herein, we have developed a composite cryogel scaffold from nanohydroxyapatite and collagen mimicking natural bone composition for the local delivery of antibiotic to treat osteomyelitis. The biomimetic and biodegradable antibiotic-loaded composite scaffold was found to be biocompatible with potent osteogenic capacity and anti-infective characteristics under in vitro conditions. Moreover, the anti-infective potency of the antibiotic-loaded composite cryogel was also evaluated in rat osteomyelitis model to cure the infection and promote bone healing. It was observed that anti-infective collagen-nanohydroxyapatite composite cryogel when loaded with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and zoledronic acid (ZA) could completely eradicate the infection in rat femoral condyle and simultaneously, accelerate bone healing at the dead space created during surgical procedures. The approach developed in this study is the development of biomimetic and bioactive composite carrier of antibiotics for the treatment of bone infection. The findings of this study insinuate that this antibiotic-loaded composite cryogel scaffold could potentially be used as an anti-infective biomaterial for the treatment of bone infections which will simultaneosuly promote bone healing at the dead space created during surgical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan Qayoom
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Ekta Srivastava
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India; Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India; Center for Nanosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India; The Mehta Family Centre for Engineering in Medicine, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India; Centre of Excellence, School of Medical Research and Technology, IndianInstitute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, UP, India.
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13
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Moriarty TF, Metsemakers WJ, Morgenstern M, Hofstee MI, Vallejo Diaz A, Cassat JE, Wildemann B, Depypere M, Schwarz EM, Richards RG. Fracture-related infection. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2022; 8:67. [PMID: 36266296 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-022-00396-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal trauma leading to broken and damaged bones and soft tissues can be a life-threating event. Modern orthopaedic trauma surgery, combined with innovation in medical devices, allows many severe injuries to be rapidly repaired and to eventually heal. Unfortunately, one of the persisting complications is fracture-related infection (FRI). In these cases, pathogenic bacteria enter the wound and divert the host responses from a bone-healing course to an inflammatory and antibacterial course that can prevent the bone from healing. FRI can lead to permanent disability, or long courses of therapy lasting from months to years. In the past 5 years, international consensus on a definition of these infections has focused greater attention on FRI, and new guidelines are available for prevention, diagnosis and treatment. Further improvements in understanding the role of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis and the optimal treatment approach would be transformative for the field. Basic science and engineering innovations will be required to reduce infection rates, with interventions such as more efficient delivery of antibiotics, new antimicrobials, and optimizing host defences among the most likely to improve the care of patients with FRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Fintan Moriarty
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland.,Center for Musculoskeletal Infections, Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Willem-Jan Metsemakers
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mario Morgenstern
- Center for Musculoskeletal Infections, Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Alejandro Vallejo Diaz
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Hospital Alma Mater de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.,Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
| | - James E Cassat
- Department of Paediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Britt Wildemann
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Melissa Depypere
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Edward M Schwarz
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - R Geoff Richards
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland. .,School of Veterinary Science, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK.
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14
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Paleczny J, Brożyna M, Dudek-Wicher R, Dydak K, Oleksy-Wawrzyniak M, Madziała M, Bartoszewicz M, Junka A. The Medium Composition Impacts Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Formation and Susceptibility to Antibiotics Applied in the Treatment of Bone Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911564. [PMID: 36232864 PMCID: PMC9569719 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The biofilm-associated infections of bones are life-threatening diseases, requiring application of dedicated antibiotics in order to counteract the tissue damage and spread of microorganisms. The in vitro analyses on biofilm formation and susceptibility to antibiotics are frequently carried out using methods that do not reflect conditions at the site of infection. To evaluate the influence of nutrient accessibility on Staphylococcus aureus biofilm development in vitro, a cohesive set of analyses in three different compositional media was performed. Next, the efficacy of four antibiotics used in bone infection treatment, including gentamycin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and vancomycin, against staphylococcal biofilm, was also assessed. The results show a significant reduction in the ability of biofilm to grow in a medium containing elements occurring in the serum, which also translated into the diversified changes in the efficacy of used antibiotics, compared to the setting in which conventional media were applied. The differences indicate the need for implementation of adequate in vitro models that closely mimic the infection site. The results of the present research may be considered an essential step toward the development of in vitro analyses aiming to accurately indicate the most suitable antibiotic to be applied against biofilm-related infections of bones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Paleczny
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Malwina Brożyna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ruth Dudek-Wicher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Dydak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Monika Oleksy-Wawrzyniak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Madziała
- Faculty of Medicine, Lazarski University, 02-662 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marzenna Bartoszewicz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Adam Junka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
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15
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Ford CA, Hurford IM, Fulbright LE, Curry JM, Peek CT, Spoonmore TJ, Cruz Victorio V, Johnson JR, Peck SH, Cassat JE. Loss of Vhl alters trabecular bone loss during S. aureus osteomyelitis in a cell-specific manner. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:985467. [PMID: 36204648 PMCID: PMC9530664 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.985467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteomyelitis, or bone infection, is a major complication of accidental trauma or surgical procedures involving the musculoskeletal system. Staphylococcus aureus is the most frequently isolated pathogen in osteomyelitis and triggers significant bone loss. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) signaling has been implicated in antibacterial immune responses as well as bone development and repair. In this study, the impact of bone cell HIF signaling on antibacterial responses and pathologic changes in bone architecture was explored using genetic models with knockout of either Hif1a or a negative regulator of HIF-1α, Vhl. Deletion of Hif1a in osteoblast-lineage cells via Osx-Cre (Hif1aΔOB ) had no impact on bacterial clearance or pathologic changes in bone architecture in a model of post-traumatic osteomyelitis. Knockout of Vhl in osteoblast-lineage cells via Osx-Cre (VhlΔOB ) caused expected increases in trabecular bone volume per total volume (BV/TV) at baseline and, intriguingly, did not exhibit an infection-mediated decline in trabecular BV/TV, unlike control mice. Despite this phenotype, bacterial burdens were not affected by loss of Vhl. In vitro studies demonstrated that transcriptional regulation of the osteoclastogenic cytokine receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) and its inhibitor osteoprotegerin (OPG) is altered in osteoblast-lineage cells with knockout of Vhl. After observing no impact on bacterial clearance with osteoblast-lineage conditional knockouts, a LysM-Cre model was used to generate Hif1aΔMyeloid and VhlΔMyeloid mouse models to explore the impact of myeloid cell HIF signaling. In both Hif1aΔMyeloid and VhlΔMyeloid models, bacterial clearance was not impacted. Moreover, minimal impacts on bone architecture were observed. Thus, skeletal HIF signaling was not found to impact bacterial clearance in our mouse model of post-traumatic osteomyelitis, but Vhl deletion in the osteoblast lineage was found to limit infection-mediated trabecular bone loss, possibly via altered regulation of RANKL-OPG gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb A. Ford
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Ian M. Hurford
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Laura E. Fulbright
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Jacob M. Curry
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Christopher T. Peek
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Thomas J. Spoonmore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Virginia Cruz Victorio
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Joshua R. Johnson
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Sun H. Peck
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - James E. Cassat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (VI4), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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16
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Bone Health Management in the Continuum of Prostate Cancer Disease. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174305. [PMID: 36077840 PMCID: PMC9455007 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second-leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men. PCa cells require androgen receptor (AR) signaling for their growth and survival. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the preferred treatment for patients with locally advanced and metastatic PCa disease. Despite their initial response to androgen blockade, most patients eventually will develop metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Bone metastases are common in men with mCRPC, occurring in 30% of patients within 2 years of castration resistance and in >90% of patients over the course of the disease. Patients with mCRPC-induced bone metastasis develop lesions throughout their skeleton; the 5-year survival rate for these patients is 47%. Bone-metastasis-induced early changes in the bone that proceed the osteoblastic response in the bone matrix are monitored and detected via modern magnetic resonance and PET/CT imaging technologies. Various treatment options, such as targeting osteolytic metastasis with bisphosphonates, prednisone, dexamethasone, denosumab, immunotherapy, external beam radiation therapy, radiopharmaceuticals, surgery, and pain medications are employed to treat prostate-cancer-induced bone metastasis and manage bone health. However, these diagnostics and treatment options are not very accurate nor efficient enough to treat bone metastases and manage bone health. In this review, we present the pathogenesis of PCa-induced bone metastasis, its deleterious impacts on vital organs, the impact of metastatic PCa on bone health, treatment interventions for bone metastasis and management of bone- and skeletal-related events, and possible current and future therapeutic options for bone management in the continuum of prostate cancer disease.
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17
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Yang Y, Li M, Zhou B, Jiang X, Zhang D, Luo H. Graphene oxide/gallium nanoderivative as a multifunctional modulator of osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis for the synergistic therapy of implant-related bone infection. Bioact Mater 2022; 25:594-614. [PMID: 37056253 PMCID: PMC10087081 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, implant-associated bacterial infections account for most hospital-acquired infections in patients suffering from bone fractures or defects. Poor osseointegration and aggravated osteolysis remain great challenges for the success of implants in infectious scenarios. Consequently, developing an effective surface modification strategy for implants is urgently needed. Here, a novel nanoplatform (GO/Ga) consisting of graphene oxide (GO) and gallium nanoparticles (GaNPs) was reported, followed by investigations of its in vitro antibacterial activity and potential bacterium inactivation mechanisms, cytocompatibility and regulatory actions on osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. In addition, the possible molecular mechanisms underlying the regulatory effects of GO/Ga nanocomposites on osteoblast differentiation and osteoclast formation were clarified. Moreover, an in vivo infectious microenvironment was established in a rat model of implant-related femoral osteomyelitis to determine the therapeutic efficacy and biosafety of GO/Ga nanocomposites. Our results indicate that GO/Ga nanocomposites with excellent antibacterial potency have evident osteogenic potential and inhibitory effects on osteoclast differentiation by modulating the BMP/Smad, MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. The in vivo experiments revealed that the administration of GO/Ga nanocomposites significantly inhibited bone infections, reduced osteolysis, promoted osseointegration located in implant-bone interfaces, and resulted in satisfactory biocompatibility. In summary, this synergistic therapeutic system could accelerate the bone healing process in implant-associated infections and can significantly guide the future surface modification of implants used in bacteria-infected environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Corresponding author. Department of Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, PR China.
| | - Min Li
- Department of Oncology, Changsha Central Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, 410006, China
| | - Bixia Zhou
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Xulei Jiang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Dou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Hang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
- Corresponding author. State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, 932 South Lushan Road, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, China.
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18
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Meroni G, Tsikopoulos A, Tsikopoulos K, Allemanno F, Martino PA, Soares Filipe JF. A Journey into Animal Models of Human Osteomyelitis: A Review. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10061135. [PMID: 35744653 PMCID: PMC9228829 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteomyelitis is an infection of the bone characterized by progressive inflammatory destruction and apposition of new bone that can spread via the hematogenous route (hematogenous osteomyelitis (HO)), contiguous spread (contiguous osteomyelitis (CO)), and direct inoculation (osteomyelitis associated with peripheral vascular insufficiency (PVI)). Given the significant financial burden posed by osteomyelitis patient management, the development of new preventive and treatment methods is warranted. To achieve this objective, implementing animal models (AMs) of infection such as rats, mice, rabbits, avians, dogs, sheep, goats, and pigs might be of the essence. This review provides a literature analysis of the AMs developed and used to study osteomyelitis. Historical relevance and clinical applicability were taken into account to choose the best AMs, and some study methods are briefly described. Furthermore, the most significant strengths and limitations of each species as AM are discussed, as no single model incorporates all features of osteomyelitis. HO’s clinical manifestation results in extreme variability between patients due to multiple variables (e.g., age, sex, route of infection, anatomical location, and concomitant diseases) that could alter clinical studies. However, these variables can be controlled and tested through different animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Meroni
- One Health Unit, Department of Biomedical, Surgical, and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Via Pascal 36, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.A.); (P.A.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-3428-262-125
| | - Alexios Tsikopoulos
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | | | - Francesca Allemanno
- One Health Unit, Department of Biomedical, Surgical, and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Via Pascal 36, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.A.); (P.A.M.)
| | - Piera Anna Martino
- One Health Unit, Department of Biomedical, Surgical, and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Via Pascal 36, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.A.); (P.A.M.)
| | - Joel Fernando Soares Filipe
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy;
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19
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Alam MI, Mae M, Farhana F, Oohira M, Yamashita Y, Ozaki Y, Sakai E, Yoshimura A. NLRP3 Inflammasome Negatively Regulates RANKL-Induced Osteoclastogenesis of Mouse Bone Marrow Macrophages but Positively Regulates It in the Presence of Lipopolysaccharides. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116096. [PMID: 35682777 PMCID: PMC9181162 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In inflammatory bone diseases such as periodontitis, the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat, and pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome accelerates bone resorption by promoting proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β production. However, the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in physiological bone remodeling remains unclear. Here, we investigated its role in osteoclastogenesis in the presence and absence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a Gram-negative bacterial component. When bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) were treated with receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) in the presence of NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors, osteoclast formation was promoted in the absence of LPS but attenuated in its presence. BMMs treated with RANKL and LPS produced IL-1β, and IL-1 receptor antagonist inhibited osteoclastogenesis, indicating IL-1β involvement. BMMs treated with RANKL alone produced no IL-1β but increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. A ROS inhibitor suppressed apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase-1 recruitment domain (ASC) speck formation and NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors abrogated cytotoxicity in BMMs treated with RANKL, indicating that RANKL induces pyroptotic cell death in BMMs by activating the NLRP3 inflammasome via ROS. This suggests that the NLRP3 inflammasome promotes osteoclastogenesis via IL-1β production under infectious conditions, but suppresses osteoclastogenesis by inducing pyroptosis in osteoclast precursors under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ibtehaz Alam
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan; (M.I.A.); (M.M.); (M.O.); (Y.Y.); (Y.O.)
| | - Megumi Mae
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan; (M.I.A.); (M.M.); (M.O.); (Y.Y.); (Y.O.)
| | - Fatima Farhana
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan; (F.F.); (E.S.)
| | - Masayuki Oohira
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan; (M.I.A.); (M.M.); (M.O.); (Y.Y.); (Y.O.)
| | - Yasunori Yamashita
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan; (M.I.A.); (M.M.); (M.O.); (Y.Y.); (Y.O.)
| | - Yukio Ozaki
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan; (M.I.A.); (M.M.); (M.O.); (Y.Y.); (Y.O.)
| | - Eiko Sakai
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan; (F.F.); (E.S.)
| | - Atsutoshi Yoshimura
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan; (M.I.A.); (M.M.); (M.O.); (Y.Y.); (Y.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-95-819-7681
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20
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Jiang C, Lin Y, Shan H, Xia W, Pan C, Wang N, Zhou L, Gao Y, Zhou Z, Yu X. miR-146a Protects against Staphylococcus aureus-Induced Osteomyelitis by Regulating Inflammation and Osteogenesis. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:918-927. [PMID: 35410468 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Osteomyelitis is a Staphylococcus aureus-caused bone infection. In this study, the effects of miR-146a on osteomyelitis were evaluated. Using the osteoblast cell model and S. aureus-induced osteomyelitis mice model, we monitored the miR-146 expression and explored the effects of miR-146a on cell proliferation of osteoblasts, bone remodeling, osteoclastogenesis, inflammatory cytokine production, and bacterial burden. Upregulated miR-146a was found in mice with S. aureus-induced osteomyelitis. miR-146a attenuated S. aureus-induced cell loss of osteoblasts, rescued the expression of osteogenic markers, altered the bone remodeling, and inhibited inflammatory cytokine production and osteoclastogenesis. miR-146a knockout mice had higher S. aureus burden. In conclusion, miR-146a protects against S. aureus-induced osteomyelitis by regulating inflammation and osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaolai Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yiwei Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Haojie Shan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Wenyang Xia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Chenhao Pan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Lihui Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xiangshan First People’s Hospital, Ningbo 315700, Zhejiang, China
| | - Youshui Gao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Zubin Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xiaowei Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
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21
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Xin W, Gao Y, Yue B. Recent Advances in Multifunctional Hydrogels for the Treatment of Osteomyelitis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:865250. [PMID: 35547176 PMCID: PMC9081433 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.865250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteomyelitis (OM), a devastating disease caused by microbial infection of bones, remains a major challenge for orthopedic surgeons. Conventional approaches for prevention and treatment of OM are unsatisfactory. Various alternative strategies have been proposed, among which, hydrogel-based strategies have demonstrated potential due to their unique properties, including loadable, implantable, injectable, printable, degradable, and responsive to stimuli. Several protocols, including different hydrogel designs, selection of antimicrobial agent, co-administration of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP 2), and nanoparticles, have been shown to improve the biological properties, including antimicrobial effects, osteo-induction, and controlled drug delivery. In this review, we describe the current and future directions for designing hydrogels and their applications to improve the biological response to OM in vivo.
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22
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Álvarez E, González B, Lozano D, Doadrio AL, Colilla M, Izquierdo-Barba I. Nanoantibiotics Based in Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles: New Formulations for Bacterial Infection Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:2033. [PMID: 34959315 PMCID: PMC8703556 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the design of mesoporous silica nanoparticles for infection treatment. Written within a general context of contributions in the field, this manuscript highlights the major scientific achievements accomplished by professor Vallet-Regí's research group in the field of silica-based mesoporous materials for drug delivery. The aim is to bring out her pivotal role on the envisage of a new era of nanoantibiotics by using a deep knowledge on mesoporous materials as drug delivery systems and by applying cutting-edge technologies to design and engineer advanced nanoweapons to fight infection. This review has been divided in two main sections: the first part overviews the influence of the textural and chemical properties of silica-based mesoporous materials on the loading and release of antibiotic molecules, depending on the host-guest interactions. Furthermore, this section also remarks on the potential of molecular modelling in the design and comprehension of the performance of these release systems. The second part describes the more recent advances in the use of mesoporous silica nanoparticles as versatile nanoplatforms for the development of novel targeted and stimuli-responsive antimicrobial nanoformulations for future application in personalized infection therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Álvarez
- Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital 12 de Octubre i+12, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (E.Á.); (B.G.); (D.L.); (A.L.D.)
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca González
- Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital 12 de Octubre i+12, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (E.Á.); (B.G.); (D.L.); (A.L.D.)
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Lozano
- Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital 12 de Octubre i+12, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (E.Á.); (B.G.); (D.L.); (A.L.D.)
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio L. Doadrio
- Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital 12 de Octubre i+12, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (E.Á.); (B.G.); (D.L.); (A.L.D.)
| | - Montserrat Colilla
- Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital 12 de Octubre i+12, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (E.Á.); (B.G.); (D.L.); (A.L.D.)
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Izquierdo-Barba
- Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital 12 de Octubre i+12, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (E.Á.); (B.G.); (D.L.); (A.L.D.)
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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23
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Xie H, Cao L, Ye L, Shan G, Song W. The miR-1906 mimic attenuates bone loss in osteoporosis by down-regulating the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway. Physiol Int 2021; 107:469-478. [PMID: 33410769 DOI: 10.1556/2060.2020.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the ability of microRNA-1906 (miR-1906) to attenuate bone loss in osteoporosis was evaluated by measuring the effects of a miR-1906 mimic and inhibitor on the cellular toxicity and cell viability of MC3T3-E1 cells. Bone marrow-derived macrophage (BMM) cells were isolated from female mice, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase signalling was performed in miR-1906 mimic-treated, receptor-activated nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclasts. In-vivo, osteoporosis was induced by ovariectomy (OVX). Rats were treated with 500 nmol/kg of the miR-1906 mimic via intrathecal administration for 10 consecutive days following surgery. The effect of the miR-1906 mimic on bone mineral density (BMD) in OVX rats was observed in the whole body, lumbar vertebrae and femur. Levels of biochemical parameters and cytokines in the serum of miR-1906 mimic-treated OVX rats were analysed. The mRNA expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88), p-38 and NF-κB in tibias of osteoporotic rats (induced by ovariectomy) was observed using quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Treatment with the miR-1906 mimic reduced cellular toxicity and enhanced the cell viability of MC3T3-E1 cells. Furthermore, osteoclastogenesis in miR-1906 mimic-treated, RANKL-induced osteoclast cells was reduced, whereas the BMD in the miR-1906 mimic-treated group was higher than in the OVX group of rats. Treatment with the miR-1906 mimic also increased levels of biochemical parameters and cytokines in the serum of ovariectomised rats. Finally, mRNA expression levels of TLR4, MyD88, p-38 and NF-κB were lower in the tibias of miR-1906 mimic-treated rats than in those of OVX rats. In conclusion, the miR-1906 mimic reduces bone loss in rats with ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis by regulating the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Xie
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - L Cao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - L Ye
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - G Shan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
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24
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Masters EA, Muthukrishnan G, Ho L, Gill AL, de Mesy Bentley KL, Galloway CA, McGrath JL, Awad HA, Gill SR, Schwarz EM. Staphylococcus aureus Cell Wall Biosynthesis Modulates Bone Invasion and Osteomyelitis Pathogenesis. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:723498. [PMID: 34484165 PMCID: PMC8415456 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.723498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus invasion of the osteocyte lacuno-canalicular network (OLCN) is a novel mechanism of bacterial persistence and immune evasion in chronic osteomyelitis. Previous work highlighted S. aureus cell wall transpeptidase, penicillin binding protein 4 (PBP4), and surface adhesin, S. aureus surface protein C (SasC), as critical factors for bacterial deformation and propagation through nanopores in vitro, representative of the confined canaliculi in vivo. Given these findings, we hypothesized that cell wall synthesis machinery and surface adhesins enable durotaxis- and haptotaxis-guided invasion of the OLCN, respectively. Here, we investigated select S. aureus cell wall synthesis mutants (Δpbp3, Δatl, and ΔmreC) and surface adhesin mutants (ΔclfA and ΔsasC) for nanopore propagation in vitro and osteomyelitis pathogenesis in vivo. In vitro evaluation in the microfluidic silicon membrane-canalicular array (μSiM-CA) showed pbp3, atl, clfA, and sasC deletion reduced nanopore propagation. Using a murine model for implant-associated osteomyelitis, S. aureus cell wall synthesis proteins were found to be key modulators of S. aureus osteomyelitis pathogenesis, while surface adhesins had minimal effects. Specifically, deletion of pbp3 and atl decreased septic implant loosening and S. aureus abscess formation in the medullary cavity, while deletion of surface adhesins showed no significant differences. Further, peri-implant osteolysis, osteoclast activity, and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) production were decreased following pbp3 deletion. Most notably, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging of infected bone showed that pbp3 was the only gene herein associated with decreased submicron invasion of canaliculi in vivo. Together, these results demonstrate that S. aureus cell wall synthesis enzymes are critical for OLCN invasion and osteomyelitis pathogenesis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elysia A Masters
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Gowrishankar Muthukrishnan
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States.,Department of Orthopaedics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Lananh Ho
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Ann Lindley Gill
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Karen L de Mesy Bentley
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States.,Department of Orthopaedics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Chad A Galloway
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - James L McGrath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Hani A Awad
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Steven R Gill
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Edward M Schwarz
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States.,Department of Orthopaedics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
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25
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Xie X, Li J, Gu F, Zhang K, Su Z, Wen Q, Sui Z, Zhou P, Yu T. Genetic Determinants for Bacterial Osteomyelitis: A Focused Systematic Review of Published Literature. Front Genet 2021; 12:654792. [PMID: 34220937 PMCID: PMC8248359 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.654792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Osteomyelitis is an inflammatory process characterized by progressive bone destruction. Moreover, chronic bacterial osteomyelitis is regarded as a difficult-to-treat clinical entity due to its long-standing course and frequent infection recurrence. However, the role of genetic factors in the occurrence and development of bacterial osteomyelitis is poorly understood. Methods: We performed a systematic review to assess the frequency of individual alleles and genotypes of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) among patients with bacterial osteomyelitis and healthy people to identify whether the SNPs are associated with the risk of developing bacterial osteomyelitis. Then, gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genomes analyses were performed to identify the potential biological effects of these genes on the pathogenesis of bacterial osteomyelitis. Result: Fourteen eligible studies containing 25 genes were analyzed. In this review, we discovered that the SNPs in IL1B, IL6, IL4, IL10, IL12B, IL1A, IFNG, TNF, PTGS2, CTSG, vitamin D receptor (VDR), MMP1, PLAT, and BAX increased the risk of bacterial osteomyelitis, whereas those in IL1RN and TLR2 could protect against osteomyelitis. The bioinformatic analysis indicated that these osteomyelitis-related genes were mainly enriched in inflammatory reaction pathways, suggesting that inflammation plays a vital role in the development of bacterial osteomyelitis. Furthermore, functional notation for 25 SNPs in 17 significant genes was performed using the RegulomeDB and NCBI databases. Four SNPs (rs1143627, rs16944, rs2430561, and rs2070874) had smaller scores from regulome analysis, implying significant biological function. Conclusion: We systematically summarized several SNPs linked to bacterial osteomyelitis and discovered that these gene polymorphisms could be a genetic factor for bacterial osteomyelitis. Moreover, further large-scale cohort studies are needed to enhance our comprehensive understanding of the development of osteomyelitis to provide earlier individualized preventions and interventions for patients with osteomyelitis in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiangbi Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Feng Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zilong Su
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qiangqiang Wen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhenjiang Sui
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tiecheng Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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26
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Contemporary clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from pediatric osteomyelitis patients display unique characteristics in a mouse model of hematogenous osteomyelitis. Infect Immun 2021; 89:e0018021. [PMID: 34097469 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00180-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteomyelitis can result from the direct inoculation of pathogens into bone during injury or surgery, or from spread via the bloodstream, a condition called hematogenous osteomyelitis (HOM). HOM disproportionally affects children, and more than half of cases are caused by Staphylococcus (S.) aureus. Laboratory models of osteomyelitis mostly utilize direct injection of bacteria into the bone or the implantation of foreign material, and therefore do not directly interrogate the pathogenesis of pediatric hematogenous osteomyelitis. In this study, we inoculated mice intravenously and characterized resultant musculoskeletal infections using two strains isolated from adults (USA300-LAC and NRS384) and five new methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates from pediatric osteomyelitis patients. All strains were capable of creating stable infections over five weeks, although the incidence varied. Micro-computed tomography (microCT) analysis demonstrated decreases in trabecular bone volume fraction but little effect on bone cortices. Histologic assessment revealed differences in the precise focus of musculoskeletal infection, with varying mixtures of bone-centered osteomyelitis and joint-centered septic arthritis. Whole genome sequencing of three new isolates demonstrated distinct strains, two within the USA300 lineage and one USA100 isolate. Interestingly, this USA100 isolate showed a distinct predilection for septic arthritis, compared to the other isolates tested, including NRS384 and LAC, which more frequently led to osteomyelitis or mixed bone and joint infections. Collectively, these data outline the feasibility of using pediatric osteomyelitis clinical isolates to study the pathogenesis of HOM in murine models and lay the groundwork for future studies investigating strain-dependent differences in musculoskeletal infection.
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27
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Yang J, Qin L, Huang J, Li Y, Xu S, Wang H, Zhu S, Wang J, Zhu B, Li F, Huang W, Gong X, Hu N. Astragalus polysaccharide attenuates LPS-related inflammatory osteolysis by suppressing osteoclastogenesis by reducing the MAPK signalling pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:6800-6814. [PMID: 34080298 PMCID: PMC8278124 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial products can stimulate inflammatory reaction and activate immune cells to enhance the production of inflammatory cytokines, and finally promote osteoclasts recruitment and activity, leading to bone destruction. Unfortunately, effective preventive and treatment measures for inflammatory osteolysis are limited and usually confuse the orthopedist. Astragalus polysaccharide (APS), the main extractive of Astragali Radix, has been widely used for treating inflammatory diseases. In the current study, in vitro and in vivo experimental results demonstrated that APS notably inhibited osteoclast formation and differentiation dose-dependently. Moreover, we found that APS down-regulated RANKL-related osteoclastogenesis and levels of osteoclast marker genes, such as NFATC1, TRAP, c-FOS and cathepsin K. Further underlying mechanism investigation revealed that APS attenuated activity of MAPK signalling pathways (eg ERK, JNK and p38) and ROS production induced by RANKL. Additionally, APS was also found to suppress LPS-related inflammatory osteolysis by decreasing inflammatory factors' production in vivo. Overall, our findings demonstrate that APS effectively down-regulates inflammatory osteolysis due to osteoclast differentiation and has the potential to become an effective treatment of the disorders associated with osteoclast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianye Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Fuling Central Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Leilei Qin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiaxing Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuwan Li
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Sha Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Banan Second People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Hai Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Fuling Central Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Sizheng Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Feilong Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chongqing Dazu People's Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuan Gong
- Outpatient Department, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Ning Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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28
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Yadav P, Bhatt B, Balaji KN. Selective Activation of MST1/2 Kinases by Retinoid Agonist Adapalene Abrogates AURKA-Regulated Septic Arthritis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:2888-2899. [PMID: 34031150 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Septic arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disorder caused by Staphylococcus aureus invasion of host synovium, which often progresses to impairment of joint functions. Although it is known that disease progression is intricately dependent on dysregulated inflammation of the knee joint, identification of molecular events mediating such imbalance during S. aureus-induced septic arthritis still requires detailed investigation. In this article, we report that Aurora kinase A (AURKA) responsive WNT signaling activates S. aureus infection-triggered septic arthritis, which results in inflammation of the synovium. In this context, treatment with adapalene, a synthetic retinoid derivative, in a mouse model for septic arthritis shows significant reduction of proinflammatory mediators with a simultaneous decrease in bacterial burden and prevents cartilage loss. Mechanistically, adapalene treatment inhibits WNT signaling with concomitant activation of HIPPO signaling, generating alternatively activated macrophages. Collectively, we establish adapalene as a promising strategy to suppress S. aureus-induced irreversible joint damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Yadav
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Bharat Bhatt
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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29
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Klopfenstein N, Cassat JE, Monteith A, Miller A, Drury S, Skaar E, Serezani CH. Murine Models for Staphylococcal Infection. Curr Protoc 2021; 1:e52. [PMID: 33656290 PMCID: PMC7935403 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive bacterium that colonizes almost every organ in humans and mice and is a leading cause of diseases worldwide. S. aureus infections can be challenging to treat due to widespread antibiotic resistance and their ability to cause tissue damage. The primary modes of transmission of S. aureus are via direct contact with a colonized or infected individual or invasive spread from a colonization niche in the same individual. S. aureus can cause a myriad of diseases, including skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs), osteomyelitis, pneumonia, endocarditis, and sepsis. S. aureus infection is characterized by the formation of purulent lesions known as abscesses, which are rich in live and dead neutrophils, macrophages, and surrounded by a capsule containing fibrin and collagen. Different strains of S. aureus produce varying amounts of toxins that evade and/or elicit immune responses. Therefore, animal models of S. aureus infection provide a unique opportunity to understand the dynamics of organ-specific immune responses and modifications in the pathogen that could favor the establishment of the pathogen. With advances in in vivo imaging of fluorescent transgenic mice, combined with fluorescent/bioluminescent bacteria, we can use mouse models to better understand the immune response to these types of infections. By understanding the host and bacterial dynamics within various organ systems, we can develop therapeutics to eliminate these pathogens. This module describes in vivo mouse models of both local and systemic S. aureus infection. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Murine model of Staphylococcus aureus subcutaneous infection Alternate Protocol: Murine tape stripping skin infection model Basic Protocol 2: Sample collection to determine skin structure, production of inflammatory mediators, and bacterial load Basic Protocol 3: Murine model of post-traumatic Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis Basic Protocol 4: Intravenous infection of the retro-orbital sinus Support Protocol: Preparation of the bacterial inoculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Klopfenstein
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - James E Cassat
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Andrew Monteith
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Anderson Miller
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Sydney Drury
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Eric Skaar
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - C Henrique Serezani
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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30
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Gimza BD, Cassat JE. Mechanisms of Antibiotic Failure During Staphylococcus aureus Osteomyelitis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:638085. [PMID: 33643322 PMCID: PMC7907425 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.638085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a highly successful Gram-positive pathogen capable of causing both superficial and invasive, life-threatening diseases. Of the invasive disease manifestations, osteomyelitis or infection of bone, is one of the most prevalent, with S. aureus serving as the most common etiologic agent. Treatment of osteomyelitis is arduous, and is made more difficult by the widespread emergence of antimicrobial resistant strains, the capacity of staphylococci to exhibit tolerance to antibiotics despite originating from a genetically susceptible background, and the significant bone remodeling and destruction that accompanies infection. As a result, there is a need for a better understanding of the factors that lead to antibiotic failure in invasive staphylococcal infections such as osteomyelitis. In this review article, we discuss the different non-resistance mechanisms of antibiotic failure in S. aureus. We focus on how bacterial niche and destructive tissue remodeling impact antibiotic efficacy, the significance of biofilm formation in promoting antibiotic tolerance and persister cell formation, metabolically quiescent small colony variants (SCVs), and potential antibiotic-protected reservoirs within the substructure of bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney D Gimza
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - James E Cassat
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.,Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (VI4), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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31
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Masters EA, Hao SP, Kenney HM, Morita Y, Galloway CA, de Mesy Bentley KL, Ricciardi BF, Boyce BF, Schwarz EM, Oh I. Distinct vasculotropic versus osteotropic features of S. agalactiae versus S. aureus implant-associated bone infection in mice. J Orthop Res 2021; 39:389-401. [PMID: 33336806 PMCID: PMC7882123 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Osteomyelitis is a devastating complication of orthopaedic surgery and commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Group B Streptococcus (GBS, S. agalactiae). Clinically, S. aureus osteomyelitis is associated with local inflammation, abscesses, aggressive osteolysis, and septic implant loosening. In contrast, S. agalactiae orthopaedic infections generally involve soft tissue, with acute life-threatening vascular spread. While preclinical models that recapitulate the clinical features of S. aureus bone infection have proven useful for research, no animal models of S. agalactiae osteomyelitis exist. Here, we compared the pathology caused by these bacteria in an established murine model of implant-associated osteomyelitis. In vitro scanning electron microscopy and CFU quantification confirmed similar implant inocula for both pathogens (~105 CFU/pin). Assessment of mice at 14 days post-infection demonstrated increased S. aureus virulence, as S. agalactiae infected mice had significantly greater body weight, and fewer CFU on the implant and in bone and adjacent soft tissue (p < 0.05). X-ray, µCT, and histologic analyses showed that S. agalactiae induced significantly less osteolysis and implant loosening, and fewer large TRAP+ osteoclasts than S. aureus without inducing intraosseous abscess formation. Most notably, transmission electron microscopy revealed that although both bacteria are capable of digesting cortical bone, S. agalactiae have a predilection for colonizing blood vessels embedded within cortical bone while S. aureus primarily colonizes the osteocyte lacuno-canalicular network. This study establishes the first quantitative animal model of S. agalactiae osteomyelitis, and demonstrates a vasculotropic mode of S. agalactiae infection, in contrast to the osteotropic behavior of S. aureus osteomyelitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elysia A. Masters
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Stephanie P. Hao
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - H. Mark Kenney
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Yugo Morita
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Chad A. Galloway
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Karen L. de Mesy Bentley
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin F. Ricciardi
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA,Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Brendan F. Boyce
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Edward M. Schwarz
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA;,Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Irvin Oh
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA,Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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32
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Ford CA, Spoonmore TJ, Gupta MK, Duvall CL, Guelcher SA, Cassat JE. Diflunisal-loaded poly(propylene sulfide) nanoparticles decrease S. aureus-mediated bone destruction during osteomyelitis. J Orthop Res 2021; 39:426-437. [PMID: 33300149 PMCID: PMC7855846 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Osteomyelitis is a debilitating infection of bone that results in substantial morbidity. Staphylococcus aureus is the most commonly isolated pathogen causing bone infections and features an arsenal of virulence factors that contribute to bone destruction and counteract immune responses. We previously demonstrated that diflunisal, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, decreases S. aureus-induced bone destruction during osteomyelitis when delivered locally from a resorbable drug delivery depot. However, local diflunisal therapy was complicated by bacterial colonization of the depot's surface, highlighting a common pitfall of devices for local drug delivery to infected tissue. It is, therefore, critical to develop an alternative drug delivery method for diflunisal to successfully repurpose this drug as an antivirulence therapy for osteomyelitis. We hypothesized that a nanoparticle-based parenteral delivery strategy would provide a method for delivering diflunisal to infected tissue while circumventing the complications associated with local delivery. In this study, we demonstrate that poly(propylene sulfide) (PPS) nanoparticles accumulate at the infectious focus in a murine model of staphylococcal osteomyelitis and are capable of efficaciously delivering diflunisal to infected bone. Moreover, diflunisal-loaded PPS nanoparticles effectively decrease S. aureus-mediated bone destruction, establishing the feasibility of systemic delivery of an antivirulence compound to mitigate bone pathology during osteomyelitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb A. Ford
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Thomas J. Spoonmore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Mukesh K. Gupta
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Craig L. Duvall
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Scott A. Guelcher
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA,Department of MedicineVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA,Vanderbilt Center for Bone BiologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - James E. Cassat
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA,Vanderbilt Center for Bone BiologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA,Department of PediatricsVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and ImmunologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA,Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and InflammationVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
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33
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Coli P, Jemt T. Are marginal bone level changes around dental implants due to infection? Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2021; 23:170-177. [PMID: 33463079 DOI: 10.1111/cid.12971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peri-implant bone level values have been used as the clinical standard of reference to describe the status of a dental implant. Reduction of marginal bone levels in association with bleeding on probing have been claimed to be a sign of pathology and an indication of treatment needs. PURPOSE To assess the available evidence that peri-implant bone loss is caused by infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS This article is a narrative review on the interpretation of marginal bone level changes around dental implants as a consequence of infection. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS There is evidence that plaque accumulation induces an inflammatory reaction in the peri-implant soft tissues and that resumption of plaque control measures results in the reduction of the inflammation. Since plaque is always present in the oral cavity, a cause-effect relationship between plaque accumulation and peri-implantitis, defined as inflammation of the peri-implant soft tissues associated with marginal bone loss has been difficult to validate and has not been proven so far. There is no evidence of the mechanisms involved in the tissue reactions resulting in the conversion from a state of an inevitable inflammation contained in the soft tissues to a state of inflammation involving the loss of peri-implant marginal bone. There is today no consensus whether implants should be expected to be surrounded by tissues which are completely free from inflammation, or that an "immune-driven", chronic, subclinical inflammation should be expected at the foreign body implant. The infectious origin theory appears to be mainly supported by ligature-induced experimental peri-implantitis investigations in animal models that suffer of several methodological problems, and therefore, provide misleading information with regards to human clinical applications in large, routine populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierluigi Coli
- Edinburgh Dental Specialists, Edinburgh, UK.,Department of Prosthetic Dentistry/Dental Material Science, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Torsten Jemt
- Brånemark Clinic, Public Dental Health Care Service, Gothenburg, Västra Götaland, Sweden
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34
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Yu KE, Alder KD, Morris MT, Munger AM, Lee I, Cahill SV, Kwon HK, Back J, Lee FY. Re-appraising the potential of naringin for natural, novel orthopedic biotherapies. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2020; 12:1759720X20966135. [PMID: 33343723 PMCID: PMC7727086 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x20966135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Naringin is a naturally occurring flavonoid found in plants of the Citrus genus that has historically been used in traditional Chinese medical regimens for the treatment of osteoporosis. Naringin modulates signaling through numerous molecular pathways critical to musculoskeletal development, cellular differentiation, and inflammation. Administration of naringin increases in vitro expression of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and activation of the Wnt/β-catenin and extracellular signal-related kinase (Erk) pathways, thereby promoting osteoblastic proliferation and differentiation from stem cell precursors for bone formation. Naringin also inhibits osteoclastogenesis by both modifying RANK/RANKL interactions and inducing apoptosis in osteoclasts in vitro. In addition, naringin acts on the estrogen receptor in bone to mimic the native bone-preserving effects of estrogen, with few systemic side effects on other estrogen-sensitive tissues. The efficacy of naringin therapy in reducing the osteolysis characteristic of common musculoskeletal pathologies such as osteoporosis, degenerative joint disease, and osteomyelitis, as well as inflammatory conditions affecting bone such as diabetes mellitus, has been extensively demonstrated in vitro and in animal models. Naringin thus represents a naturally abundant, cost-efficient agent whose potential for use in novel musculoskeletal biotherapies warrants re-visiting and further exploration through human studies. Here, we review the cellular mechanisms of action that have been elucidated regarding the action of naringin on bone resident cells and the bone microenvironment, in vivo evidence of naringin’s osteostimulative and chondroprotective properties in the setting of osteolytic bone disease, and current limitations in the development of naringin-containing translational therapies for common musculoskeletal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin E Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, 330 Cedar St, TMP 523 PO Box 208071, New Haven, CT 06520-8071, USA
| | - Kareme D Alder
- Department of Orthopædics & Rehabilitation, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Montana T Morris
- Department of Orthopædics & Rehabilitation, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Alana M Munger
- Department of Orthopædics & Rehabilitation, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Inkyu Lee
- Department of Orthopædics & Rehabilitation, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sean V Cahill
- Department of Orthopædics & Rehabilitation, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hyuk-Kwon Kwon
- Department of Orthopædics & Rehabilitation, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - JungHo Back
- Department of Orthopædics & Rehabilitation, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Francis Y Lee
- Department of Orthopædics & Rehabilitation, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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35
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Longitudinal time-lapse in vivo micro-CT reveals differential patterns of peri-implant bone changes after subclinical bacterial infection in a rat model. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20901. [PMID: 33262377 PMCID: PMC7708479 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77770-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Subclinical infection associated with orthopedic devices can be challenging to diagnose. The goal of this study was to evaluate longitudinal, microcomputed tomography (microCT) imaging in a rat model of subclinical orthopedic device-related infection caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis and four different Cutibacterium (previously Propionibacterium) acnes strains, and compare outcomes with non-inoculated and historical S. aureus-inoculated controls. Sterile screws or screws colonized with bacteria were placed in the tibia of 38 adult Wistar rats [n = 6 sterile screws; n = 6 S. epidermidis-colonized screws; n = 26 C. acnes-colonized screws (covering all three main subspecies)]. Regular microCT scans were taken over 28 days and processed for quantitative time-lapse imaging with dynamic histomorphometry. At euthanasia, tissues were processed for semiquantitative histopathology or quantitative bacteriology. All rats receiving sterile screws were culture-negative at euthanasia and displayed progressive bony encapsulation of the screw. All rats inoculated with S. epidermidis-colonized screws were culture-positive and displayed minor changes in peri-implant bone, characteristic of subclinical infection. Five of the 17 rats in the C. acnes inoculated group were culture positive at euthanasia and displayed bone changes at the interface of the screw and bone, but not deeper in the peri-implant bone. Dynamic histomorphometry revealed significant differences in osseointegration, bone remodeling and periosteal reactions between groups that were not measurable by visual observation of still microCT images. Our study illustrates the added value of merging 3D microCT data from subsequent timepoints and producing inherently richer 4D data for the detection and characterization of subclinical orthopedic infections, whilst also reducing animal use.
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36
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Oliveira TC, Gomes MS, Gomes AC. The Crossroads between Infection and Bone Loss. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8111765. [PMID: 33182721 PMCID: PMC7698271 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8111765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone homeostasis, based on a tight balance between bone formation and bone degradation, is affected by infection. On one hand, some invading pathogens are capable of directly colonizing the bone, leading to its destruction. On the other hand, immune mediators produced in response to infection may dysregulate the deposition of mineral matrix by osteoblasts and/or the resorption of bone by osteoclasts. Therefore, bone loss pathologies may develop in response to infection, and their detection and treatment are challenging. Possible biomarkers of impaired bone metabolism during chronic infection need to be identified to improve the diagnosis and management of infection-associated osteopenia. Further understanding of the impact of infections on bone metabolism is imperative for the early detection, prevention, and/or reversion of bone loss. Here, we review the mechanisms responsible for bone loss as a direct and/or indirect consequence of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Carvalho Oliveira
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (T.C.O.); (M.S.G.)
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar da Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Salomé Gomes
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (T.C.O.); (M.S.G.)
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar da Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Cordeiro Gomes
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (T.C.O.); (M.S.G.)
- Correspondence:
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37
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Masters EA, de Mesy Bentley KL, Gill AL, Hao SP, Galloway CA, Salminen AT, Guy DR, McGrath JL, Awad HA, Gill SR, Schwarz EM. Identification of Penicillin Binding Protein 4 (PBP4) as a critical factor for Staphylococcus aureus bone invasion during osteomyelitis in mice. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008988. [PMID: 33091079 PMCID: PMC7608983 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus infection of bone is challenging to treat because it colonizes the osteocyte lacuno-canalicular network (OLCN) of cortical bone. To elucidate factors involved in OLCN invasion and identify novel drug targets, we completed a hypothesis-driven screen of 24 S. aureus transposon insertion mutant strains for their ability to propagate through 0.5 μm-sized pores in the Microfluidic Silicon Membrane Canalicular Arrays (μSiM-CA), developed to model S. aureus invasion of the OLCN. This screen identified the uncanonical S. aureus transpeptidase, penicillin binding protein 4 (PBP4), as a necessary gene for S. aureus deformation and propagation through nanopores. In vivo studies revealed that Δpbp4 infected tibiae treated with vancomycin showed a significant 12-fold reduction in bacterial load compared to WT infected tibiae treated with vancomycin (p<0.05). Additionally, Δpbp4 infected tibiae displayed a remarkable decrease in pathogenic bone-loss at the implant site with and without vancomycin therapy. Most importantly, Δpbp4 S. aureus failed to invade and colonize the OLCN despite high bacterial loads on the implant and in adjacent tissues. Together, these results demonstrate that PBP4 is required for S. aureus colonization of the OLCN and suggest that inhibitors may be synergistic with standard of care antibiotics ineffective against bacteria within the OLCN. Staphylococcus aureus is the most prevalent pathogen in osteomyelitis, and its infection of bone is difficult to cure. S. aureus colonization of the osteocyte lacuno-canalicular network (OLCN) of cortical bone has been identified as a novel pathogenetic mechanism in chronic osteomyelitis. To elucidate factors involved in OLCN invasion, we conducted an in vitro genetic screen that identified pbp4 as a critical gene for S. aureus cell deformation and propagation through nanopores and demonstrated that PBP4 is critical for OLCN colonization in murine osteomyelitis. Thus, PBP4 inhibitors may be novel drugs to treat osteomyelitis in combination with standard of care antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elysia A. Masters
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Karen L. de Mesy Bentley
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Ann Lindley Gill
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Stephanie P. Hao
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Chad A. Galloway
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Alec T. Salminen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Diamond R. Guy
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - James L. McGrath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Hani A. Awad
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Steven R. Gill
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Edward M. Schwarz
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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38
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Multitasking by the OC Lineage during Bone Infection: Bone Resorption, Immune Modulation, and Microbial Niche. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102157. [PMID: 32987689 PMCID: PMC7598711 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone infections, also known as infectious osteomyelitis, are accompanied by significant inflammation, osteolysis, and necrosis. Osteoclasts (OCs) are the bone-resorbing cells that work in concert with osteoblasts and osteocytes to properly maintain skeletal health and are well known to respond to inflammation by increasing their resorptive activity. OCs have typically been viewed merely as effectors of pathologic bone resorption, but recent evidence suggests they may play an active role in the progression of infections through direct effects on pathogens and via the immune system. This review discusses the host- and pathogen-derived factors involved in the in generation of OCs during infection, the crosstalk between OCs and immune cells, and the role of OC lineage cells in the growth and survival of pathogens, and highlights unanswered questions in the field.
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39
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Wang Y, Ashbaugh AG, Dikeman DA, Zhang J, Ackerman NE, Kim SE, Falgons C, Ortines RV, Liu H, Joyce DP, Alphonse MP, Dillen CA, Thompson JM, Archer NK, Miller LS. Interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor are essential in controlling an experimental orthopedic implant-associated infection. J Orthop Res 2020; 38:1800-1809. [PMID: 31975434 PMCID: PMC7354231 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Orthopedic implant-associated infection (OIAI) is a major complication that leads to implant failure. In preclinical models of Staphylococcus aureus OIAI, osteomyelitis and septic arthritis, interleukin-1α (IL-1α), IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) are induced, but whether they have interactive or distinctive roles in host defense are unclear. Herein, a S. aureus OIAI model was performed in mice deficient in IL-1α, IL-1β, or TNF. Mice deficient in IL-1β or TNF (to a lesser extent) but not IL-1α had increased bacterial burden at the site of the OIAI throughout the 28-day experiment. IL-1β and TNF had a combined and critical role in host defense as mice deficient in both IL-1R and TNF (IL-1R/TNF-deficient mice) had a 40% mortality rate, which was associated with markedly increased bacterial burden at the site of the OIAI infection. Finally, IL-1α- and IL-1β-deficient mice had impaired neutrophil recruitment whereas IL-1β-, TNF-, and IL-1R/TNF-deficient mice all had impaired recruitment of both neutrophils and monocytes. Therefore, IL-1β and TNF contributed to host defense against S. aureus OIAI and neutrophil recruitment was primarily mediated by IL-1β and monocyte recruitment was mediated by both IL-1β and TNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School
of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Alyssa G. Ashbaugh
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School
of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Dustin A. Dikeman
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School
of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Jeffrey Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School
of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Nicole E. Ackerman
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School
of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Sophie E. Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School
of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Christian Falgons
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School
of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Roger V. Ortines
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School
of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Haiyun Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School
of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Daniel P. Joyce
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School
of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Martin Prince Alphonse
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School
of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Carly A. Dillen
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School
of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - John M. Thompson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University
School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Nathan K. Archer
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School
of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Lloyd S. Miller
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School
of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University
School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases,
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns
Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.,Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA, 19477,
USA.,Address correspondence to Lloyd S. Miller,
, Johns Hopkins Department of
Dermatology, Cancer Research Building II, Suite 205, 1550 Orleans Street,
Baltimore, MD 21231, Phone: (410) 955-8662, Fax: (410) 955-8645
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Vallet-Regí M, Lozano D, González B, Izquierdo-Barba I. Biomaterials against Bone Infection. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2000310. [PMID: 32449317 PMCID: PMC7116285 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic bone infection is considered as one of the most problematic biofilm-related infections. Its recurrent and resistant nature, high morbidity, prolonged hospitalization, and costly medical care expenses have driven the efforts of the scientific community to develop new therapies to improve the standards used today. There is great debate on the management of this kind of infection in order to establish consistent and agreed guidelines in national health systems. The scientific research is oriented toward the design of anti-infective biomaterials both for prevention and cure. The properties of these materials must be adapted to achieve better anti-infective performance and good compatibility, which allow a good integration of the implant with the surrounding tissue. The objective of this review is to study in-depth the antibacterial biomaterials and the strategies underlying them. In this sense, this manuscript focuses on antimicrobial coatings, including the new technological advances on surface modification; scaffolding design including multifunctional scaffolds with both antimicrobial and bone regeneration properties; and nanocarriers based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles with advanced properties (targeting and stimuli-response capabilities).
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Affiliation(s)
- María Vallet-Regí
- Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas Facultad de Farmacia Universidad Complutense de Madrid Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre i+12 Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería Biomateriales y Nanomedicina CIBER-BBN C/Monforte de Lemos, 3–5 Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Daniel Lozano
- Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas Facultad de Farmacia Universidad Complutense de Madrid Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre i+12 Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería Biomateriales y Nanomedicina CIBER-BBN C/Monforte de Lemos, 3–5 Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Blanca González
- Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas Facultad de Farmacia Universidad Complutense de Madrid Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre i+12 Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería Biomateriales y Nanomedicina CIBER-BBN C/Monforte de Lemos, 3–5 Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Isabel Izquierdo-Barba
- Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas Facultad de Farmacia Universidad Complutense de Madrid Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre i+12 Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería Biomateriales y Nanomedicina CIBER-BBN C/Monforte de Lemos, 3–5 Madrid 28029, Spain
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41
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Ji Z, Su J, Hou Y, Yao Z, Yu B, Zhang X. EGFR/FAK and c-Src signalling pathways mediate the internalisation of Staphylococcus aureus by osteoblasts. Cell Microbiol 2020; 22:e13240. [PMID: 32584493 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Internalisation of Staphylococcus aureus in osteoblasts plays a critical role in the persistence and recurrence of osteomyelitis, the mechanisms involved in this process remain largely unknown. In the present study, evidence of internalised S. aureus in osteoblasts was found in long bone of haematogenous osteomyelitis in mice after 2 weeks of infection. Meanwhile, eliminating extracellular S. aureus by gentamicin can partially rescue bone loss, whereas the remaining intracellular S. aureus in osteoblasts may be associated with continuous bone destruction. In osteoblastic MC3T3 cells, intracellular S. aureus was detectable as early as 15 min after infection, and the internalisation rates increased with the extension of infection time. Additionally, S. aureus invasion stimulated the expression of phosphor-focal adhesion kinase (FAK), phosphor-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and phosphor-c-Src in a time-dependent way, and blocking EGFR/FAK or c-Src signalling significantly reduced the internalisation rate of S. aureus in osteoblasts. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanism of S. aureus internalisation in osteoblast and raise the potential of targeting EGFR/FAK and c-Src as adjunctive therapeutics for treating chronic S. aureus osteomyelitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Ji
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianwen Su
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yilong Hou
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zilong Yao
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianrong Zhang
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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42
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Abstract
Osteomyelitis, or inflammation of bone, is most commonly caused by invasion of bacterial pathogens into the skeleton. Bacterial osteomyelitis is notoriously difficult to treat, in part because of the widespread antimicrobial resistance in the preeminent etiologic agent, the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus Bacterial osteomyelitis triggers pathological bone remodeling, which in turn leads to sequestration of infectious foci from innate immune effectors and systemically delivered antimicrobials. Treatment of osteomyelitis therefore typically consists of long courses of antibiotics in conjunction with surgical debridement of necrotic infected tissues. Even with these extreme measures, many patients go on to develop chronic infection or sustain disease comorbidities. A better mechanistic understanding of how bacteria invade, survive within, and trigger pathological remodeling of bone could therefore lead to new therapies aimed at prevention or treatment of osteomyelitis as well as amelioration of disease morbidity. In this minireview, we highlight recent developments in our understanding of how pathogens invade and survive within bone, how bacterial infection or resulting innate immune responses trigger changes in bone remodeling, and how model systems can be leveraged to identify new therapeutic targets. We review the current state of osteomyelitis epidemiology, diagnostics, and therapeutic guidelines to help direct future research in bacterial pathogenesis.
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43
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Wang Y, Lin Y, Cheng C, Chen P, Zhang P, Wu H, Li K, Deng Y, Qian J, Zhang X, Yu B. NF-κB/TWIST1 Mediates Migration and Phagocytosis of Macrophages in the Mice Model of Implant-Associated Staphylococcus aureus Osteomyelitis. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1301. [PMID: 32595631 PMCID: PMC7304240 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infection-induced osteomyelitis is a great challenge in clinic treatment. Identification of the essential genes and biological processes that are specifically changed in mononuclear cells at an early stage of S. aureus osteomyelitis is of great clinical significance. Based on transcriptional dataset GSE16129 available publicly, a bioinformatic analysis was performed to identify the differentially expressed genes of osteomyelitis caused by S. aureus infection. ERBB2, TWIST1, and NANOG were screened out as the most valuable osteomyelitis-related genes (OMRGs). A mice model of implant-associated S. aureus osteomyelitis was used to verify the above genes. We found significantly up-regulated expression of TWIST1 in macrophages and accumulation of macrophages around the infected implant. Meanwhile, S. aureus infection increased the expression of TWIST1, MMP9, and MMP13, and stimulated the migration and phagocytosis function of Raw 264.7 cells. Additionally, knock-down of the expression of TWIST1 by siRNA could significantly down-regulate MMP9 and MMP13 and suppress the migration and phagocytosis ability of macrophages in response to S. aureus infection. Furthermore, we found that NF-κB signaling was activated in Raw 264.7 cells by S. aureus and that inhibition of NF-κB signaling by Bay11-7082 blocked the expression of TWIST1, MMP9, and MMP13 as well as cell migration and phagocytosis evoked by S. aureus. Our findings demonstrate that NF-κB/TWIST1 is necessary for migration and phagocytosis of macrophages in response to S. aureus infection. Our study highlights the essential role of NF-κB/TWIST1 in early innate immune response to S. aureus infection in bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutian Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yihuang Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caiyu Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengyu Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hangtian Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaiqun Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye Deng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jikun Qian
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianrong Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Host nutrient milieu drives an essential role for aspartate biosynthesis during invasive Staphylococcus aureus infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:12394-12401. [PMID: 32414924 PMCID: PMC7275739 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1922211117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus can infect a diverse array of host environments. The broad tissue tropism of S. aureus requires metabolic flexibility to utilize the variety of nutrient sources found within target organ systems. In this work, we conducted a systematic analysis of the central metabolic pathways required for S. aureus survival during bone infection, one of the most frequent sites of invasive staphylococcal disease. We show that S. aureus requires aspartate biosynthesis to survive during bone infection, despite possessing an aspartate transporter, due to inhibition of aspartate utilization by the amino acid glutamate. Our results reveal a crucial role for inflammation-associated shifts in the host nutrient milieu for determining the metabolic pathways utilized by S. aureus during invasive infection. The bacterial pathogen Staphylococcus aureus is capable of infecting a broad spectrum of host tissues, in part due to flexibility of metabolic programs. S. aureus, like all organisms, requires essential biosynthetic intermediates to synthesize macromolecules. We therefore sought to determine the metabolic pathways contributing to synthesis of essential precursors during invasive S. aureus infection. We focused specifically on staphylococcal infection of bone, one of the most common sites of invasive S. aureus infection and a unique environment characterized by dynamic substrate accessibility, infection-induced hypoxia, and a metabolic profile skewed toward aerobic glycolysis. Using a murine model of osteomyelitis, we examined survival of S. aureus mutants deficient in central metabolic pathways, including glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and amino acid synthesis/catabolism. Despite the high glycolytic demand of skeletal cells, we discovered that S. aureus requires glycolysis for survival in bone. Furthermore, the TCA cycle is dispensable for survival during osteomyelitis, and S. aureus instead has a critical need for anaplerosis. Bacterial synthesis of aspartate in particular is absolutely essential for staphylococcal survival in bone, despite the presence of an aspartate transporter, which we identified as GltT and confirmed biochemically. This dependence on endogenous aspartate synthesis derives from the presence of excess glutamate in infected tissue, which inhibits aspartate acquisition by S. aureus. Together, these data elucidate the metabolic pathways required for staphylococcal infection within bone and demonstrate that the host nutrient milieu can determine essentiality of bacterial nutrient biosynthesis pathways despite the presence of dedicated transporters.
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De Martinis M, Ginaldi L, Sirufo MM, Pioggia G, Calapai G, Gangemi S, Mannucci C. Alarmins in Osteoporosis, RAGE, IL-1, and IL-33 Pathways: A Literature Review. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2020; 56:medicina56030138. [PMID: 32204562 PMCID: PMC7142770 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56030138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alarmins are endogenous mediators released by cells following insults or cell death to alert the host’s innate immune system of a situation of danger or harm. Many of these, such as high-mobility group box-1 and 2 (HMGB1, HMGB2) and S100 (calgranulin proteins), act through RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end products), whereas the IL-1 and IL-33 cytokines bind the IL-1 receptors type I and II, and the cellular receptor ST2, respectively. The alarmin family and their signal pathways share many similarities of cellular and tissue localization, functions, and involvement in various physiological processes and inflammatory diseases including osteoporosis. The aim of the review was to evaluate the role of alarmins in osteoporosis. A bibliographic search of the published scientific literature regarding the role of alarmins in osteoporosis was organized independently by two researchers in the following scientific databases: Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The keywords used were combined as follows: “alarmins and osteoporosis”, “RAGE and osteoporosis”, “HMGB1 and osteoporosis”, “IL-1 and osteoporosis”, “IL 33 and osteopororsis”, “S100s protein and osteoporosis”. The information was summarized and organized in the present review. We highlight the emerging roles of alarmins in various bone remodeling processes involved in the onset and development of osteoporosis, as well as their potential role as biomarkers of osteoporosis severity and progression. Findings of the research suggest a potential use of alarmins as pharmacological targets in future therapeutic strategies aimed at preventing bone loss and fragility fractures induced by aging and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo De Martinis
- Department of Life, Health, & Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 6700 L’Aquila, Italy; (M.D.M.); (L.G.); (M.M.S.)
| | - Lia Ginaldi
- Department of Life, Health, & Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 6700 L’Aquila, Italy; (M.D.M.); (L.G.); (M.M.S.)
| | - Maria Maddalena Sirufo
- Department of Life, Health, & Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 6700 L’Aquila, Italy; (M.D.M.); (L.G.); (M.M.S.)
| | - Giovanni Pioggia
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR)-Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), 98164 Messina, Italy;
| | - Gioacchino Calapai
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- School and Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Carmen Mannucci
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-090-22-12-697
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Cai X, Li Z, Zhao Y, Katz J, Michalek SM, Feng X, Li Y, Zhang P. Enhanced dual function of osteoclast precursors following calvarial Porphyromonas gingivalis infection. J Periodontal Res 2020; 55:410-425. [PMID: 31944305 PMCID: PMC7250733 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background and objective Excessive osteoclast activity is a major characteristic of pathogenic bone loss in inflammatory bone diseases including periodontitis. However, beyond the knowledge that osteoclasts are differentiated from the monocyte/macrophage lineage and share common ancestry with macrophages and DC, the nature and function of osteoclast precursors are not completely understood. Furthermore, little is known about how osteoclast precursors respond to bacterial infection in vivo. We have previously demonstrated in vitro that the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) plays a biphasic role on the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL)–induced osteoclast differentiation. In this study, we investigated the in vivo effect of Pg infection on the regulation of osteoclast precursors, using a mouse calvarial infection model. Methods and results C57BL/6 wild‐type and the myeloid differentiation factor 88 knockout (MyD88−/−) mice were infected with Pg by calvarial injection. Local and systemic bone loss, and the number and function of CD11b+c‐fms+ cells from bone marrow and spleen were analyzed. Our results show that Pg infection induces localized inflammatory infiltration and osteoclastogenesis, as well as increased number and osteoclastogenic potential of CD11b+c‐fms+ osteoclast precursors in the bone marrow and periphery. We also show that CD11b+c‐fms+RANK+ and CD11b+c‐fms+RANK− are precursors with similar osteoclastogenic and pro‐inflammatory potentials. In addition, CD11b+c‐fms+ cells exhibit an antigen‐specific T‐cell immune‐suppressive activity, which are increased with Pg infection. Moreover, we demonstrate that MyD88 is involved in the regulation of osteoclast precursors upon Pg infection. Conclusions In this study, we demonstrate an enhanced dual function of osteoclast precursors following calvarial Pg infection. Based on our findings, we propose the following model: Pg infection increases a pool of precursor cells that can be shunted toward osteoclast formation at the infection/inflammation sites, while at the same time dampening host immune responses, which is beneficial for the persistence of infection and maintenance of the characteristic chronic nature of periodontitis. Understanding the nature, function, and regulation of osteoclast precursors will be helpful for identifying therapeutic interventions to aid in the control and prevention of inflammatory bone loss diseases including periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Cai
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Department of Periodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaofei Li
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanfang Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jenny Katz
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Suzanne M Michalek
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Xu Feng
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Yuhong Li
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Abstract
The inflammation of bone tissue is called osteomyelitis, and most cases are caused by an infection with the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. To date, the bone-building cells, osteoblasts, have been implicated in the progression of these infections, but not much is known about how the bone-resorbing cells, osteoclasts, participate. In this study, we show that S. aureus can infect osteoclasts and proliferate inside these cells, whereas bone-residing macrophages, immune cells related to osteoclasts, destroy the bacteria. These findings elucidate a unique role for osteoclasts to harbor bacteria during infection, providing a possible mechanism by which bacteria could evade destruction by the immune system. Osteomyelitis (OM), or inflammation of bone tissue, occurs most frequently as a result of bacterial infection and severely perturbs bone structure. OM is predominantly caused by Staphylococcus aureus, and even with proper treatment, OM has a high rate of recurrence and chronicity. While S. aureus has been shown to infect osteoblasts, it remains unclear whether osteoclasts (OCs) are also a target of intracellular infection. Here, we demonstrate the ability of S. aureus to intracellularly infect and divide within OCs. OCs were differentiated from bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) by exposure to receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL). By utilizing an intracellular survival assay and flow cytometry, we found that at 18 h postinfection the intracellular burden of S. aureus increased dramatically in cells with at least 2 days of RANKL exposure, while the bacterial burden decreased in BMMs. To further explore the signals downstream of RANKL, we manipulated factors controlling OC differentiation, NFATc1 and alternative NF-κB, and found that intracellular bacterial growth correlates with NFATc1 levels in RANKL-treated cells. Confocal and time-lapse microscopy in mature OCs showed a range of intracellular infection that correlated inversely with S. aureus-phagolysosome colocalization. The propensity of OCs to become infected, paired with their diminished bactericidal capacity compared to BMMs, could promote OM progression by allowing S. aureus to evade initial immune regulation and proliferate at the periphery of lesions where OCs are most abundant.
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Croes M, van der Wal BCH, Vogely HC. Impact of Bacterial Infections on Osteogenesis: Evidence From In Vivo Studies. J Orthop Res 2019; 37:2067-2076. [PMID: 31329305 PMCID: PMC6771910 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The clinical impact of bacterial infections on bone regeneration has been incompletely quantified and documented. As a result, controversy exists about the optimal treatment strategy to maximize healing of a contaminated defect. Animal models are extremely useful in this respect, as they can elucidate how a bacterial burden influences quantitative healing of various types of defects relative to non-infected controls. Moreover, they may demonstrate how antibacterial treatment and/or bone grafting techniques facilitate the osteogenic response in the harsh environment of a bacterial infection. Finally, it a well-known contradiction that osteomyelitis is characterized by uncontrolled bone remodeling and bone loss, but at the same time, it can be associated with excessive new bone apposition. Animal studies can provide a better understanding of how osteolytic and osteogenic responses are related to each other during infection. This review discusses the in vivo impact of bacterial infection on osteogenesis by addressing the following questions (i) How does osteomyelitis affect the radiographic bone appearance? (ii) What is the influence of bacterial infection on histological bone healing? (iii) How do bacterial infections affect quantitative bone healing? (iv) What is the effect of antibacterial treatment on the healing outcome during infection? (v) What is the efficacy of osteoinductive proteins in infected bones? (vi) What is the balance between the osteoclastic and osteoblastic response during bacterial infections? (vii) What is the mechanism of the observed pro-osteogenic response as observed in osteomyelitis? © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research© published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Orthopaedic Research Society. J Orthop Res 37:2067-2076, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel Croes
- Department of OrthopaedicsUniversity Medical Center UtrechtHeidelberglaan 1003508 GAUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Bart C. H. van der Wal
- Department of OrthopaedicsUniversity Medical Center UtrechtHeidelberglaan 1003508 GAUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - H. Charles Vogely
- Department of OrthopaedicsUniversity Medical Center UtrechtHeidelberglaan 1003508 GAUtrechtThe Netherlands
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Souza PPC, Lerner UH. Finding a Toll on the Route: The Fate of Osteoclast Progenitors After Toll-Like Receptor Activation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1663. [PMID: 31379855 PMCID: PMC6652233 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
M-CSF and RANKL are two crucial cytokines stimulating differentiation of mature, bone resorbing, multinucleated osteoclasts from mononucleated progenitor cells in the monocyte/macrophage lineage. In addition to the receptors for M-CSF and RANKL, osteoclast progenitor cells express receptors for several other pro- and anti-osteoclastogenic cytokines, which also regulate osteoclast formation by affecting signaling downstream M-CSF and RANKL receptors. Similar to many other cells originating from myeloid hematopoetic stem cells, also osteoclast progenitors express toll-like receptors (TLRs). Nine murine TLRs are expressed in the progenitors and all, with the exception of TLR2 and TLR4, are downregulated during osteoclastogenesis. Activation of TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9, but not TLR5, in osteoclast progenitors stimulated with M-CSF and RANKL arrests differentiation along the osteoclastic lineage and keeps the cells at a macrophage stage. When the progenitors are primed with M-CSF/RANKL and then stimulated with agonists for TLR2, TLR4, or TLR9 in the presence of M-CSF, but in the absence of RANKL, the cells differentiate to mature, bone resorbing osteoclasts. TLR 2, 4, 5, and 9 are also expressed on osteoblasts and their activation increases osteoclast differentiation by an indirect mechanism through stimulation of RANKL. In mice, treatment with agonists for TLR2, 4, and 5 results in osteoclast formation and extensive bone loss. It remains to be shown the relative importance of inhibitory and stimulatory effects by TLRs on osteoclast progenitors and the role of RANKL produced by TLR stimulated osteoblasts, for the bone resorbing effects in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro P C Souza
- Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Ulf H Lerner
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute for Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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50
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Masters EA, Trombetta RP, de Mesy Bentley KL, Boyce BF, Gill AL, Gill SR, Nishitani K, Ishikawa M, Morita Y, Ito H, Bello-Irizarry SN, Ninomiya M, Brodell JD, Lee CC, Hao SP, Oh I, Xie C, Awad HA, Daiss JL, Owen JR, Kates SL, Schwarz EM, Muthukrishnan G. Evolving concepts in bone infection: redefining "biofilm", "acute vs. chronic osteomyelitis", "the immune proteome" and "local antibiotic therapy". Bone Res 2019; 7:20. [PMID: 31646012 PMCID: PMC6804538 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-019-0061-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteomyelitis is a devastating disease caused by microbial infection of bone. While the frequency of infection following elective orthopedic surgery is low, rates of reinfection are disturbingly high. Staphylococcus aureus is responsible for the majority of chronic osteomyelitis cases and is often considered to be incurable due to bacterial persistence deep within bone. Unfortunately, there is no consensus on clinical classifications of osteomyelitis and the ensuing treatment algorithm. Given the high patient morbidity, mortality, and economic burden caused by osteomyelitis, it is important to elucidate mechanisms of bone infection to inform novel strategies for prevention and curative treatment. Recent discoveries in this field have identified three distinct reservoirs of bacterial biofilm including: Staphylococcal abscess communities in the local soft tissue and bone marrow, glycocalyx formation on implant hardware and necrotic tissue, and colonization of the osteocyte-lacuno canalicular network (OLCN) of cortical bone. In contrast, S. aureus intracellular persistence in bone cells has not been substantiated in vivo, which challenges this mode of chronic osteomyelitis. There have also been major advances in our understanding of the immune proteome against S. aureus, from clinical studies of serum antibodies and media enriched for newly synthesized antibodies (MENSA), which may provide new opportunities for osteomyelitis diagnosis, prognosis, and vaccine development. Finally, novel therapies such as antimicrobial implant coatings and antibiotic impregnated 3D-printed scaffolds represent promising strategies for preventing and managing this devastating disease. Here, we review these recent advances and highlight translational opportunities towards a cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elysia A Masters
- 1Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA.,2Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Ryan P Trombetta
- 1Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA.,2Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Karen L de Mesy Bentley
- 1Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA.,3Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA.,4Department of Orthopaedics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Brendan F Boyce
- 1Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA.,3Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Ann Lindley Gill
- 5Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Steven R Gill
- 5Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Kohei Nishitani
- 1Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA.,6Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ishikawa
- 1Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA.,6Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yugo Morita
- 1Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA.,6Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiromu Ito
- 6Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sheila N Bello-Irizarry
- 1Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Mark Ninomiya
- 1Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
| | - James D Brodell
- 1Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Charles C Lee
- 1Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Stephanie P Hao
- 1Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Irvin Oh
- 1Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA.,4Department of Orthopaedics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Chao Xie
- 1Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA.,4Department of Orthopaedics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Hani A Awad
- 1Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA.,2Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA.,4Department of Orthopaedics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
| | - John L Daiss
- 1Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA.,4Department of Orthopaedics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
| | - John R Owen
- 7Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, VA USA
| | - Stephen L Kates
- 7Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, VA USA
| | - Edward M Schwarz
- 1Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA.,2Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA.,3Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA.,4Department of Orthopaedics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA.,5Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Gowrishankar Muthukrishnan
- 1Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA.,4Department of Orthopaedics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
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