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Yuan T, Zhou Q, Tian Y, Ou Y, Long Y, Tan Y. Innate lymphoid cells and infectious diseases. Innate Immun 2024:17534259241287311. [PMID: 39363687 DOI: 10.1177/17534259241287311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are the main resident lymphocytes that mostly reside in tissues owing to the lack of adaptive antigen receptors. These cells are involved in early anti-infective immunity, antitumour immunity, regulation of tissue inflammation, and maintenance of homeostasis in the internal environment of tissues and have been referred to as the "first armies stationed in the human body". ILCs are widely distributed in the lungs, colon, lymph nodes, oral mucosa and even embryonic tissues. Due to the advantage of their distribution location, they are often among the first cells to come into contact with pathogens.Relevant studies have demonstrated that ILCs play an early role in the defence against a variety of pathogenic microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi and helminths, before they intervene in the adaptive immune system. ILCs can initiate a rapid, nonspecific response against pathogens prior to the initiation of an adaptive immune response and can generate a protective immune response against specific pathogens, secreting different effectors to play a role.There is growing evidence that ILCs play an important role in host control of infectious diseases. In this paper, we summarize and discuss the current known infectious diseases in which ILCs are involved and ILC contribution to the defence against infectious diseases. Further insights into the mechanisms of ILCs action in different infectious diseases will be useful in facilitating the development of therapeutic strategies for early control of infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yuan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Qianhui Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Yuqiu Tian
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Yangjing Ou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - YunZhu Long
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - YingZheng Tan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
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Wang P, Zheng Y, Sun J, Zhang Y, Chan WK, Lu Y, Li X, Yang Z, Wang Y. Sepsis induced dysfunction of liver type 1 innate lymphoid cells. BMC Immunol 2024; 25:57. [PMID: 39210270 PMCID: PMC11363412 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-024-00648-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is a life-threatening condition triggered by uncontrolled immune responses to infection, leading to widespread inflammation, tissue damage, organ dysfunction, and potentially death. The liver plays a crucial role in the immune response during sepsis, serving as a major site for immune cell activation and cytokine production. Liver type 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) consist of NK cells and ILC1s. They maintain the local immune microenvironment by directly eliminating target cells and secreting cytokines. However, the specific roles and pathological changes of liver-resident NK cells and ILC1s during sepsis remain poorly understood. RESULTS This study aims to investigate the pathological changes of NK cells and ILC1s, which might contribute the dysfunction of liver. Sepsis mouse model was established by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Mouse immune cells from liver were isolated, and the surface makers, gene expression profiles, cytokine response and secretion, and mitochondrial function of NK (Natural Killer) cells and ILC1s (Innate Lymphoid Cell 1) were analyzed. A significant decrease in the number of mature NK cells was observed in the liver after CLP. Furthermore, the secretion of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) was found to be reduced in spleen and liver NK cells when stimulated by IL-18. Mitochondrial activities in both liver NK cells and ILC1 were found to be increased during sepsis, suggesting an enhanced metabolic response in these cells to combat the infection. However, despite this heightened activity, liver NK cells exhibited a decreased level of cytotoxicity, which might impact their ability to target infected cells effectively. RNA sequencing supported and provided the potential mechanisms for the proinflammatory effects and exhaustion like phenotypes of liver NK cells. CONCLUSIONS Sepsis induces dysfunction and exhaustion-like phenotypes in liver NK cells and ILC1, which might further impair other immune cells and represent a potential therapeutic target for sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiying Wang
- Institute of Medical Engineering & Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yiran Zheng
- Institute of Medical Engineering & Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jiaman Sun
- Institute of Medical Engineering & Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yumo Zhang
- Institute of Medical Engineering & Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Wing Keung Chan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Yan Lu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics and Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, 1229 Gudun Road, Hangzhou, 310030, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Institute of Medical Engineering & Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Zhouxin Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics and Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, 1229 Gudun Road, Hangzhou, 310030, China.
| | - Youwei Wang
- Institute of Medical Engineering & Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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Schanz ML, Bitters AM, Zadeii KE, Joulani D, Chamberlain AK, López-Yglesias AH. IL-12 Mediates T-bet-Expressing Myeloid Cell-Dependent Host Resistance against Toxoplasma gondii. Immunohorizons 2024; 8:355-362. [PMID: 38687282 PMCID: PMC11066714 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2400029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
To defend against intracellular pathogens such as Toxoplasma gondii, the host generates a robust type 1 immune response. Specifically, host defense against T. gondii is defined by an IL-12-dependent IFN-γ response that is critical for host resistance. Previously, we demonstrated that host resistance is mediated by T-bet-dependent ILC-derived IFN-γ by maintaining IRF8+ conventional type 1 dendritic cells during parasitic infection. Therefore, we hypothesized that innate lymphoid cells are indispensable for host survival. Surprisingly, we observed that T-bet-deficient mice succumb to infection quicker than do mice lacking lymphocytes, suggesting an unknown T-bet-dependent-mediated host defense pathway. Analysis of parasite-mediated inflammatory myeloid cells revealed a novel subpopulation of T-bet+ myeloid cells (TMCs). Our results reveal that TMCs have the largest intracellular parasite burden compared with other professional phagocytes, suggesting they are associated with active killing of T. gondii. Mechanistically, we established that IL-12 is necessary for the induction of inflammatory TMCs during infection and these cells are linked to a role in host survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison L. Schanz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine–Terre Haute, Terre Haute, IN
| | - Abigail M. Bitters
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine–Terre Haute, Terre Haute, IN
| | - Kamryn E. Zadeii
- Department of Biology, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN
| | - Dana Joulani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine–Terre Haute, Terre Haute, IN
| | - Angela K. Chamberlain
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine–Terre Haute, Terre Haute, IN
| | - Américo H. López-Yglesias
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine–Terre Haute, Terre Haute, IN
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Dabbaghipour R, Ahmadi E, Entezam M, Farzam OR, Sohrabi S, Jamali S, Sichani AS, Paydar H, Baradaran B. Concise review: The heterogenous roles of BATF3 in cancer oncogenesis and dendritic cells and T cells differentiation and function considering the importance of BATF3-dependent dendritic cells. Immunogenetics 2024; 76:75-91. [PMID: 38358555 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-024-01335-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The transcription factor, known as basic leucine zipper ATF-like 3 (BATF3), is a crucial contributor to the development of conventional type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1), which is definitely required for priming CD8 + T cell-mediated immunity against intracellular pathogens and malignancies. In this respect, BATF3-dependent cDC1 can bring about immunological tolerance, an autoimmune response, graft immunity, and defense against infectious agents such as viruses, microbes, parasites, and fungi. Moreover, the important function of cDC1 in stimulating CD8 + T cells creates an excellent opportunity to develop a highly effective target for vaccination against intracellular pathogens and diseases. BATF3 has been clarified to control the development of CD8α+ and CD103+ DCs. The presence of BATF3-dependent cDC1 in the tumor microenvironment (TME) reinforces immunosurveillance and improves immunotherapy approaches, which can be beneficial for cancer immunotherapy. Additionally, BATF3 acts as a transcriptional inhibitor of Treg development by decreasing the expression of the transcription factor FOXP3. However, when overexpressed in CD8 + T cells, it can enhance their survival and facilitate their transition to a memory state. BATF3 induces Th9 cell differentiation by binding to the IL-9 promoter through a BATF3/IRF4 complex. One of the latest research findings is the oncogenic function of BATF3, which has been approved and illustrated in several biological processes of proliferation and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Dabbaghipour
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elham Ahmadi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mona Entezam
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Omid Rahbar Farzam
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sepideh Sohrabi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sajjad Jamali
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Saber Sichani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Hadi Paydar
- Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Fol M, Karpik W, Zablotni A, Kulesza J, Kulesza E, Godkowicz M, Druszczynska M. Innate Lymphoid Cells and Their Role in the Immune Response to Infections. Cells 2024; 13:335. [PMID: 38391948 PMCID: PMC10886880 DOI: 10.3390/cells13040335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, a group of lymphocyte-like cells called innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) has gained considerable attention due to their crucial role in regulating immunity and tissue homeostasis. ILCs, lacking antigen-specific receptors, are a group of functionally differentiated effector cells that act as tissue-resident sentinels against infections. Numerous studies have elucidated the characteristics of ILC subgroups, but the mechanisms controlling protective or pathological responses to pathogens still need to be better understood. This review summarizes the functions of ILCs in the immunology of infections caused by different intracellular and extracellular pathogens and discusses their possible therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Fol
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland; (M.F.); (W.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Wojciech Karpik
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland; (M.F.); (W.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Agnieszka Zablotni
- Department of Bacterial Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Jakub Kulesza
- Department of Internal Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 91-347 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Ewelina Kulesza
- Department of Rheumatology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Godkowicz
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland; (M.F.); (W.K.); (M.G.)
- Lodz Institutes of the Polish Academy of Sciences, The Bio-Med-Chem Doctoral School, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Druszczynska
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland; (M.F.); (W.K.); (M.G.)
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Zhang Y, Li S, Chu H, Li J, Lu S, Zheng B. A novel mRNA vaccine, TGGT1_278620 mRNA-LNP, prolongs the survival time in BALB/c mice with acute toxoplasmosis. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0286623. [PMID: 38038457 PMCID: PMC10783036 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02866-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular eukaryotic parasite, can infect about one-third of the world's population. One vaccine, Toxovax, has been developed and licensed commercially; however, it is only used in the sheep industry to reduce the losses caused by congenital toxoplasmosis. Various other vaccine approaches have been explored, including excretory secretion antigen vaccines, subunit vaccines, epitope vaccines, and DNA vaccines. However, current research has not yet developed a safe and effective vaccine for T. gondii. Here, we generated an mRNA vaccine candidate against T. gondii. We investigated the efficacy of vaccination with a novel identified candidate, TGGT1_278620, in a mouse infection model. We screened T. gondii-derived protective antigens at the genome-wide level, combined them with mRNA-lipid nanoparticle vaccine technology against T. gondii, and investigated immune-related factors and mechanisms. Our findings might contribute to developing vaccines for immunizing humans and animals against T. gondii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhuo Zhang
- Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine and Forensics, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- School of Basic Medicine and Forensics, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Novel Vaccine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shiyu Li
- Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine and Forensics, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- School of Basic Medicine and Forensics, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Novel Vaccine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongkun Chu
- Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine and Forensics, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- School of Basic Medicine and Forensics, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Novel Vaccine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Li
- Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine and Forensics, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- School of Basic Medicine and Forensics, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Novel Vaccine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaohong Lu
- Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine and Forensics, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- School of Basic Medicine and Forensics, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Novel Vaccine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Tech Vaccine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Zheng
- Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine and Forensics, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- School of Basic Medicine and Forensics, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Novel Vaccine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Tech Vaccine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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Wei H, Wu S, Mai L, Yang L, Zou W, Peng H. Cbl-b negatively regulates TLR/MyD88-mediated anti- Toxoplasma gondii immunity. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0007423. [PMID: 37909781 PMCID: PMC10714978 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00074-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE This is the first report that a human E3 ubiquitin ligase, Casitas B-lineage lymphoma proto-oncogene B (Cbl-b), functions as a host dependency factor for the intracellular protozoan Toxoplasma gondii and the mechanism for how T. gondii infection inhibits the TLR/MyD88 innate immunity pathway through MyD88 degradation mediated by Cbl-b. This finding is an impactful contribution for understanding the host cell immunity against T. gondii infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Wei
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuizhen Wu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liying Mai
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weihao Zou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongjuan Peng
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Jafari MM, Azimzadeh Tabrizi Z, Dayer MS, Kazemi-Sefat NA, Mohtashamifard M, Mohseni R, Bagheri A, Bahadory S, Karimipour-Saryazdi A, Ghaffarifar F. Immune system roles in pathogenesis, prognosis, control, and treatment of Toxoplasma gondii infection. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:110872. [PMID: 37660595 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is the protozoan causative agent of toxoplasmosis in humans and warm-blooded animals. Recent studies have illustrated that the immune system plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of toxoplasmosis by triggering immune cytokines like IL-12, TNF-α, and IFN-γ and immune cells like DCs, Th1, and Th17. On the other hand, some immune components can serve as prognosis markers of toxoplasmosis. In healthy people, the disease is often asymptomatic, but immunocompromised people and newborns may suffer severe symptoms and complications. Therefore, the immune prognostic markers may provide tools to measure the disease progress and help patients to avoid further complications. Immunotherapies using monoclonal antibody, cytokines, immune cells, exosomes, novel vaccines, and anti-inflammatory molecules open new horizon for toxoplasmosis treatment. In this review article, we discussed the immunopathogenesis, prognosis, and immunotherapy of Toxoplasma gondii infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahdi Jafari
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Azimzadeh Tabrizi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saaid Dayer
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahshid Mohtashamifard
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rahimeh Mohseni
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefeh Bagheri
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Bahadory
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Karimipour-Saryazdi
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ghaffarifar
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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Heger L, Hatscher L, Liang C, Lehmann CHK, Amon L, Lühr JJ, Kaszubowski T, Nzirorera R, Schaft N, Dörrie J, Irrgang P, Tenbusch M, Kunz M, Socher E, Autenrieth SE, Purbojo A, Sirbu H, Hartmann A, Alexiou C, Cesnjevar R, Dudziak D. XCR1 expression distinguishes human conventional dendritic cell type 1 with full effector functions from their immediate precursors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2300343120. [PMID: 37566635 PMCID: PMC10438835 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2300343120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are major regulators of innate and adaptive immune responses. DCs can be classified into plasmacytoid DCs and conventional DCs (cDCs) type 1 and 2. Murine and human cDC1 share the mRNA expression of XCR1. Murine studies indicated a specific role of the XCR1-XCL1 axis in the induction of immune responses. Here, we describe that human cDC1 can be distinguished into XCR1- and XCR1+ cDC1 in lymphoid as well as nonlymphoid tissues. Steady-state XCR1+ cDC1 display a preactivated phenotype compared to XCR1- cDC1. Upon stimulation, XCR1+ cDC1, but not XCR1- cDC1, secreted high levels of inflammatory cytokines as well as chemokines. This was associated with enhanced activation of NK cells mediated by XCR1+ cDC1. Moreover, XCR1+ cDC1 excelled in inhibiting replication of Influenza A virus. Further, under DC differentiation conditions, XCR1- cDC1 developed into XCR1+ cDC1. After acquisition of XCR1 expression, XCR1- cDC1 secreted comparable level of inflammatory cytokines. Thus, XCR1 is a marker of terminally differentiated cDC1 that licenses the antiviral effector functions of human cDC1, while XCR1- cDC1 seem to represent a late immediate precursor of cDC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Heger
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91052Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lukas Hatscher
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91052Erlangen, Germany
| | - Chunguang Liang
- Chair of Medical Informatics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian H. K. Lehmann
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91052Erlangen, Germany
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, 91054Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lukas Amon
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91052Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jennifer J. Lühr
- Nano-Optics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tomasz Kaszubowski
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91052Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rayk Nzirorera
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91052Erlangen, Germany
| | - Niels Schaft
- Department of Dermatology, RNA-based Immunotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91052Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, 91054Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jan Dörrie
- Department of Dermatology, RNA-based Immunotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91052Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, 91054Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Pascal Irrgang
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Tenbusch
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, 91054Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054Erlangen, Germany
| | - Meik Kunz
- Chair of Medical Informatics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058Erlangen, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, 30625Hannover, Germany
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases, 30625Hannover, Germany
| | - Eileen Socher
- Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 30625Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stella E. Autenrieth
- Research Group “Dendritic Cells in Infection and Cancer” (F171), German Cancer Research Center (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum), 69120Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ariawan Purbojo
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054Erlangen, Germany
| | - Horia Sirbu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Department of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Alexiou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngoly, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054Erlangen, Germany
| | - Robert Cesnjevar
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, University Zurich, 8032Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Diana Dudziak
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91052Erlangen, Germany
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, 91054Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, 91054Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Chen XD, Xie J, Wei Y, Yu JF, Cao Y, Xiao L, Wu XJ, Mao CJ, Kang RM, Ye YG. Immune modulation of Th1/Th2/Treg/Th17/Th9/Th21 cells in rabbits infected with Eimeria stiedai. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1230689. [PMID: 37593762 PMCID: PMC10431940 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1230689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Despite long-term integrated control programs for Eimeria stiedai infection in China, hepatic coccidiosis in rabbits persists. Th1, Th2, Th17, Treg, Th9, and Th21 cells are involved in immune responses during pathogen infection. It is unclear whether Th cell subsets are also involved in E. stiedai infection. Their roles in the immunopathology of this infection remain unknown. Therefore, monitoring these T-cell subsets' immune responses during primary infection of E. stiedai at both transcriptional (mRNA) and protein (cytokines) levels is essential. Methods In experimentally infected New Zealand white rabbits, mRNA expression levels of their transcript-TBX2 (Th1), GATA3 (Th2), RORC (Th17), Foxp3 (Treg), SPI1 (Th9), and BCL6 (Th21)-were evaluated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), whereas Th1 (IFN-g and TNF-a), Th2 (IL4), Th17 (IL17A and IL6), Treg (IL10 and TGF-b1), Th9 (IL9), and Th21 (IL21) cytokines were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Results We found that levels of TBX2, GATA3, RORC, SPI1, and BCL6 in the livers of infected rabbits were elevated on days 5 and 15 post-infection (PI). The concentrations of their distinctive cytokines IFN-g and TNF-a for Th1, IL4 for Th2, IL17A for Th17, IL9 for Th9, IL21 for Th21, and IL10 for Treg IL10 were also significantly increased on days 5 and 15 PI, respectively (p < 0.05). On day 23 PI, GATA3 with its cytokine IL4, RORC with IL17A, Foxp3 with IL10 and TGF-b1, and SPI1 with IL9 were significantly decreased, but TBX2 with IFN-g and IL6 remained elevated. Discussion Our findings are the first evidence of Th1/Th2/Treg/Th17/Th9/Th21 changes in E. stiedai-infected rabbits and provide insights into immune regulation mechanisms and possible vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Di Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic and Breeding of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic and Breeding of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic and Breeding of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - Ji-Feng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic and Breeding of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - Ye Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic and Breeding of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic and Breeding of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - Xue-Jing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic and Breeding of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - Cong-Jian Mao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic and Breeding of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - Run-Min Kang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic and Breeding of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong-Gang Ye
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic and Breeding of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
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Escobar-Guevara EE, de Quesada-Martínez ME, Roldán-Dávila YB, Alarcón de Noya B, Alfonzo-Díaz MA. Defects in immune response to Toxoplasma gondii are associated with enhanced HIV-1-related neurocognitive impairment in co-infected patients. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285976. [PMID: 37224128 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) and Toxoplasma gondii can invade the central nervous system and affect its functionality. Advanced HIV-1 infection has been associated with defects in immune response to T. gondii, leading to reactivation of latent infections and development of toxoplasmic encephalitis. This study evaluates relationship between changes in immune response to T. gondii and neurocognitive impairment in HIV-1/T. gondii co-infected patients, across different stages of HIV-1 infection. The study assessed the immune response to T. gondii by measuring cytokine production in response to parasite antigens, and also neurocognitive functions by performing auditory and visual P300 cognitive evoked potentials, short term memory (Sternberg) and executive function tasks (Wisconsin Card Sorting Test-WCST) in 4 groups of individuals: HIV-1/T. gondii co-infected (P2), HIV-1-infected/T. gondii-non-infected (P1), HIV-1-non-infected/T. gondii-infected (C2) and HIV-1-non-infected/T. gondii-non-infected (C1). Patients (P1 and P2) were grouped in early/asymptomatic (P1A and P2A) or late/symptomatic (P1B/C and P2B/C) according to peripheral blood CD4+ T lymphocyte counts (>350 or <350/μL, respectively). Groups were compared using T-student or U-Mann-Whitney tests as appropriate, p<0.05 was considered as significantly. For P300 waves, HIV-1-infected patients (P1) had significantly longer latencies and significantly smaller amplitudes than uninfected controls, but HIV-1/T. gondii co-infected patients (P2) had significantly longer latencies and smaller amplitude than P1. P1 patients had significantly poorer results than uninfected controls in Sternberg and WCST, but P2 had significantly worse results than P1. HIV-1 infection was associated with significantly lower production of IL-2, TNF-α and IFN-γ in response to T. gondii from early/asymptomatic stages, when comparing P2 patients to C2 controls. These findings may indicate impairment in anti-parasitic response in co-infected patients, facilitating early limited reactivation of the parasitic latent infection, therefore creating cumulative damage in the brain and affecting neurocognitive functions from asymptomatic stages of HIV-1 infection, as suggested by defects in co-infected patients in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Eliel Escobar-Guevara
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunophysiology, José Maria Vargas School of Medicine, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
- Department of Immunology, José Maria Vargas School of Medicine, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
- Laboratory of Physiopathology, Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research, Caracas, Venezuela
| | | | - Yhajaira Beatriz Roldán-Dávila
- Service of Infectology, José Ignacio Baldó Hospital, Caracas, Venezuela
- Department of Microbiology, José Maria Vargas School of Medicine, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | | | - Miguel Antonio Alfonzo-Díaz
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunophysiology, José Maria Vargas School of Medicine, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
- Department of Physiology, José Maria Vargas School of Medicine, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
- Academic Department, Salvador Allende Latin-American School of Medicine, San Antonio de Los Altos, Miranda State, Venezuela
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12
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Ge M, Yang C, Li T, Du T, Zhang P, Li X, Dou Y, Duan R. Circulating CXCR5 + natural killer cells are expanded in patients with myasthenia gravis. Clin Transl Immunology 2023; 12:e1450. [PMID: 37223338 PMCID: PMC10202622 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a classic autoantibody-mediated disease in which pathogenic antibodies target postsynaptic membrane components, causing fluctuating skeletal muscle weakness and fatigue. Natural killer (NK) cells are heterogeneous lymphocytes that have gained increasing attention owing to their potential roles in autoimmune disorders. This study will investigate the relationship between the distinct NK cell subsets and MG pathogenesis. Methods A total of 33 MG patients and 19 healthy controls were enrolled in the present study. Circulating NK cells, their subtypes and follicular helper T cells were analysed by flow cytometry. Serum acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibody levels were determined by ELISA. The role of NK cells in the regulation of B cells was verified using a co-culture assay. Results Myasthenia gravis patients with acute exacerbations had a reduced number of total NK cells, CD56dim NK cells and IFN-γ-secreting NK cells in the peripheral blood, while CXCR5+ NK cells were significantly elevated. CXCR5+ NK cells expressed a higher level of ICOS and PD-1 and a lower level of IFN-γ than those in CXCR5- NK cells and were positively correlated with Tfh cell and AChR antibody levels. In vitro experiments demonstrated that NK cells suppressed plasmablast differentiation while promoting CD80 and PD-L1 expression on B cells in an IFN-γ-dependent manner. Furthermore, CXCR5- NK cells inhibited plasmablast differentiation, while CXCR5+ NK cells could more efficiently promote B cell proliferation. Conclusion These results reveal that CXCR5+ NK cells exhibit distinct phenotypes and functions compared with CXCR5- NK cells and might participate in the pathogenesis of MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng‐Ru Ge
- Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan HospitalJinanChina
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan HospitalCheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Chun‐Lin Yang
- Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan HospitalJinanChina
- Shandong Institute of NeuroimmunologyJinanChina
- Shandong Provincial Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of NeuroimmunologyJinanChina
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan HospitalCheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Tong Du
- Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan HospitalJinanChina
- Shandong Institute of NeuroimmunologyJinanChina
- Shandong Provincial Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of NeuroimmunologyJinanChina
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan HospitalJinanChina
- Shandong Institute of NeuroimmunologyJinanChina
- Shandong Provincial Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of NeuroimmunologyJinanChina
| | - Xiao‐Li Li
- Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan HospitalJinanChina
- Shandong Institute of NeuroimmunologyJinanChina
- Shandong Provincial Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of NeuroimmunologyJinanChina
| | - Ying‐Chun Dou
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinanChina
| | - Rui‐Sheng Duan
- Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan HospitalJinanChina
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan HospitalCheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong UniversityJinanChina
- Shandong Institute of NeuroimmunologyJinanChina
- Shandong Provincial Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of NeuroimmunologyJinanChina
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13
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Korchagina AA, Koroleva E, Tumanov AV. Innate Lymphoid Cell Plasticity in Mucosal Infections. Microorganisms 2023; 11:461. [PMID: 36838426 PMCID: PMC9967737 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosal tissue homeostasis is a dynamic process that involves multiple mechanisms including regulation of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). ILCs are mostly tissue-resident cells which are critical for tissue homeostasis and immune response against pathogens. ILCs can sense environmental changes and rapidly respond by producing effector cytokines to limit pathogen spread and initiate tissue recovery. However, dysregulation of ILCs can also lead to immunopathology. Accumulating evidence suggests that ILCs are dynamic population that can change their phenotype and functions under rapidly changing tissue microenvironment. However, the significance of ILC plasticity in response to pathogens remains poorly understood. Therefore, in this review, we discuss recent advances in understanding the mechanisms regulating ILC plasticity in response to intestinal, respiratory and genital tract pathogens. Key transcription factors and lineage-guiding cytokines regulate this plasticity. Additionally, we discuss the emerging data on the role of tissue microenvironment, gut microbiota, and hypoxia in ILC plasticity in response to mucosal pathogens. The identification of new pathways and molecular mechanisms that control functions and plasticity of ILCs could uncover more specific and effective therapeutic targets for infectious and autoimmune diseases where ILCs become dysregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexei V. Tumanov
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr., San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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14
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Taggenbrock RLRE, van Gisbergen KPJM. ILC1: Development, maturation, and transcriptional regulation. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2149435. [PMID: 36408791 PMCID: PMC10099236 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 Innate Lymphoid cells (ILC1s) are tissue-resident cells that partake in the regulation of inflammation and homeostasis. A major feature of ILC1s is their ability to rapidly respond after infections. The effector repertoire of ILC1s includes the pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and TNF-α and cytotoxic mediators such as granzymes, which enable ILC1s to establish immune responses and to directly kill target cells. Recent advances in the characterization of ILC1s have considerably furthered our understanding of ILC1 development and maintenance in tissues. In particular, it has become clear how ILC1s operate independently from conventional natural killer cells, with which they share many characteristics. In this review, we discuss recent developments with regards to the differentiation, polarization, and effector maturation of ILC1s. These processes may underlie the observed heterogeneity in ILC1 populations within and between different tissues. Next, we highlight transcriptional programs that control each of the separate steps in the differentiation of ILC1s. These transcriptional programs are shared with other tissue-resident type-1 lymphocytes, such as tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM ) and invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT), highlighting that ILC1s utilize networks of transcriptional regulation that are conserved between lymphocyte lineages to respond effectively to tissue-invading pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renske L R E Taggenbrock
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas P J M van Gisbergen
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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15
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Yu H, Wei Y, Dong Y, Chen P. Regulation of Notch Signaling Pathway to Innate Lymphoid Cells in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction. Immunol Invest 2023; 52:241-255. [PMID: 36562737 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2022.2158856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway is an important regulator in fate decisions and immune responses of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). However, the function of Notch signaling in ILCs in acute coronary syndrome is still not fully elucidated. Thirty-one unstable angina pectoris (UAP) patients, 21 acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients, and 20 controls were included in this study. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated. The mRNA expression levels of Notch receptors and ligands were measured by real-time PCR, while ILC subsets were measured by flow cytometry. Lin- cells were purified and stimulated with γ-secretase inhibitor (GSI). ILC subsets, transcription factors, and secreted cytokines were assessed. Notch receptor and ligand mRNA levels were elevated in PBMCs and peripheral lin- cells from AMI patients. There was no significant difference in total lin-CD45+CD161+CD127+ ILC frequency among three groups. The CRTH2-CD117- ILC1 subset was down-regulated, while the CRTH2+ ILC2 subset was up-regulated in AMI patients. The CRTH2-CD117+ ILC3 subpopulation was comparable among the three groups. ILC1% was negatively correlated with Notch1 and Notch2 in AMI patients. Inhibition of Notch signaling pathway by GSI induced elevations in ILC1 frequency, T-bet mRNA expression, and interferon-γ secretion and reduced ILC2 frequency, GATA3 mRNA levels, and interleukin-5/interleukin-13 production by lin- cells from AMI patients. The current data indicated that activation of Notch signaling pathway might contribute to ILC1-to-ILC2 shift in peripheral blood in AMI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwen Yu
- Department of Cardiovascularology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yongjie Wei
- Department of Cardiovascularology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yanyan Dong
- Department of Cardiovascularology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Penglei Chen
- Department of Cardiovascularology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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16
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Alijani M, Saffar B, Yosefi Darani H, Mahzounieh M, Fasihi-Ramandi M, Shakshi-Niaei M, Soltani S, Ghaemi A, Shirian S. Immunological evaluation of a novel multi-antigenic DNA vaccine encoding SAG1, SAG3, MIC4, GRA5, GRA7, AMA1and BAG1 against Toxoplasma gondii in BALB/c mice. Exp Parasitol 2023; 244:108409. [PMID: 36403800 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2022.108409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Many recent studies have been conducted to find new DNA vaccines based on Toxoplasma gondii antigens. DNA vaccines encoding complex of different antigens showed better immune responses compared to single antigen vaccine. In this study, we constructed a DNA vaccine encoding SAG1, SAG3, MIC4, GRA5, GRA7, AMA1 and BAG1 against T. gondii, and evaluated the immune response it induced in BALB/c mice. For this purposes, thirty BALB/c mice were randomly divided into three groups containing tenmice each. There were two negative control groups (PBSand pVAX1 vector) and one vaccination group (pVAX1-MAF, Multantigenic Fragment). On days 0, 14 and 28, the mice were immunized intramuscularly, and 5 weeks later they were challenged with T. gondii RH strain. The immune responses were evaluated using lymphocyte proliferation assay, T-cell subsets detection, and measurement of antibody and cytokine levels. The results showed that mice immunized with pVAX1-MAF developed high levels of IL-2, IL-12, IgG and IFN- γ as well as CD3+CD4+ T cells. In addition, the survival time of mice immunized by pVAX1-MAF was longer than that control mice. In conclusion, our results show that the multiple DNA vaccine encodingSAG1, SAG3, mic4, GRA5, GRA7, AMA and BAG1effectively enhanced humoral and cellular immune responses, and prolonged the survival time. Together this would suggest that further investigation may result in a promising candidate vaccine to treat toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Alijani
- Graduated Student of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran; Shiraz Molecular Pathology Research Center, Dr Daneshbod Path Lab, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Behnaz Saffar
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Hossein Yosefi Darani
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Esfahan University of Medical Science, Esfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Mahzounieh
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Mahdi Fasihi-Ramandi
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Shakshi-Niaei
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Sodabe Soltani
- Graduated Student of Genetics, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Amir Ghaemi
- Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Shirian
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Pathology, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran; Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Kahatm Al-Anbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
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17
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Zhang Y, Li D, Shen Y, Li S, Lu S, Zheng B. Immunization with a novel mRNA vaccine, TGGT1_216200 mRNA-LNP, prolongs survival time in BALB/c mice against acute toxoplasmosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1161507. [PMID: 37122740 PMCID: PMC10140528 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1161507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii, a specialized intracellular parasite, causes a widespread zoonotic disease and is a severe threat to social and economic development. There is a lack of effective drugs and vaccines against T. gondii infection. Recently, mRNA vaccines have been rapidly developed, and their packaging materials and technologies are well established. In this study, TGGT1_216200 (TG_200), a novel molecule from T. gondii, was identified using bioinformatic screening analysis. TG_200 was purified and encapsulated with a lipid nanoparticle (LNP) to produce the TG_200 mRNA-LNP vaccine. The immune protection provided by the new vaccine and its mechanisms after immunizing BABL/C mice via intramuscular injection were investigated. There was a strong immune response when mice were vaccinated with TG_200 mRNA-LNP. Elevated levels of anti-T. gondii-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG), and a higher IgG2a-to-IgG1 ratio was observed. The levels of interleukin-12 (IL-12), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), IL-4, and IL-10 were also elevated. The result showed that the vaccine induced a mixture of Th1 and Th2 cells, and Th1-dominated humoral immune response. Significantly increased antigen-specific splenocyte proliferation was induced by TG_200 mRNA-LNP immunization. The vaccine could also induce T. gondii-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). The expression levels of interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8), T-Box 21 (T-bet), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) were significantly elevated after TG_200 mRNA-LNP immunization. The levels of CD83, CD86, MHC-I, MHC-II, CD8, and CD4 molecules were also higher. The results indicated that TG_200 mRNA-LNP produced specific cellular and humoral immune responses. Most importantly, TG_200 mRNA-LNP immunized mice survived significantly longer (19.27 ± 3.438 days) than the control mice, which died within eight days after T. gondii challenge (P< 0.001). The protective effect of adoptive transfer was also assessed, and mice receiving serum and splenocytes from mice immunized with TG_200 mRNA-LNP showed improved survival rates of 9.70 ± 1.64 days and, 13.40 ± 2.32 days, respectively (P< 0.001). The results suggested that TG_200 mRNA-LNP is a safe and promising vaccine against T. gondii infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhuo Zhang
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, School of Basic Medicine and Forensics, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Novel Vaccine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dan Li
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, School of Basic Medicine and Forensics, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Novel Vaccine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Shen
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, School of Basic Medicine and Forensics, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Novel Vaccine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shiyu Li
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, School of Basic Medicine and Forensics, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Novel Vaccine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaohong Lu
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, School of Basic Medicine and Forensics, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Novel Vaccine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-tech Vaccine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shaohong Lu, ; Bin Zheng,
| | - Bin Zheng
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, School of Basic Medicine and Forensics, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Novel Vaccine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-tech Vaccine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shaohong Lu, ; Bin Zheng,
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ILCs-Crucial Players in Enteric Infectious Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214200. [PMID: 36430676 PMCID: PMC9695539 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Research of the last decade has remarkably increased our understanding of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). ILCs, in analogy to T helper (Th) cells and their cytokine and transcription factor profile, are categorized into three distinct populations: ILC1s express the transcription factor T-bet and secrete IFNγ, ILC2s depend on the expression of GATA-3 and release IL-5 and IL-13, and ILC3s express RORγt and secrete IL-17 and IL-22. Noteworthy, ILCs maintain a level of plasticity, depending on exposed cytokines and environmental stimuli. Furthermore, ILCs are tissue resident cells primarily localized at common entry points for pathogens such as the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT). They have the unique capacity to initiate rapid responses against pathogens, provoked by changes of the cytokine profile of the respective tissue. Moreover, they regulate tissue inflammation and homeostasis. In case of intracellular pathogens entering the mucosal tissue, ILC1s respond by secreting cytokines (e.g., IFNγ) to limit the pathogen spread. Upon infection with helminths, intestinal epithelial cells produce alarmins (e.g., IL-25) and activate ILC2s to secrete IL-13, which induces differentiation of intestinal stem cells into tuft and goblet cells, important for parasite expulsion. Additionally, during bacterial infection ILC3-derived IL-22 is required for bacterial clearance by regulating antimicrobial gene expression in epithelial cells. Thus, ILCs can limit infectious diseases via secretion of inflammatory mediators and interaction with other cell types. In this review, we will address the role of ILCs during enteric infectious diseases.
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In vitro cultivation methods for coccidian parasite research. Int J Parasitol 2022:S0020-7519(22)00153-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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20
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Kogame T, Egawa G, Nomura T, Kabashima K. Waves of layered immunity over innate lymphoid cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:957711. [PMID: 36268032 PMCID: PMC9578251 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.957711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) harbor tissue-resident properties in border zones, such as the mucosal membranes and the skin. ILCs exert a wide range of biological functions, including inflammatory response, maintenance of tissue homeostasis, and metabolism. Since its discovery, tremendous effort has been made to clarify the nature of ILCs, and scientific progress revealed that progenitor cells of ILC can produce ILC subsets that are functionally reminiscent of T-cell subsets such as Th1, Th2, and Th17. Thus, now it comes to the notion that ILC progenitors are considered an innate version of naïve T cells. Another important discovery was that ILC progenitors in the different tissues undergo different modes of differentiation pathways. Furthermore, during the embryonic phase, progenitor cells in different developmental chronologies give rise to the unique spectra of immune cells and cause a wave to replenish the immune cells in tissues. This observation leads to the concept of layered immunity, which explains the ontology of some cell populations, such as B-1a cells, γδ T cells, and tissue-resident macrophages. Thus, recent reports in ILC biology posed a possibility that the concept of layered immunity might disentangle the complexity of ILC heterogeneity. In this review, we compare ILC ontogeny in the bone marrow with those of embryonic tissues, such as the fetal liver and embryonic thymus, to disentangle ILC heterogeneity in light of layered immunity.
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21
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Cheng C, Zhang Q, Li Y, Jiang J, Xie L, Shen H, Wu D, Zhang H, Zhang H, Wang X, Wu H, Xu J, Gui L, Li B, Ju C, Peng H, Yin S, Xu L. Interplay Between Liver Type 1 Innate Lymphoid Cells and NK Cells Drives the Development of Alcoholic Steatohepatitis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 15:261-274. [PMID: 36174925 PMCID: PMC9676399 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Liver contains high frequency of group 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC), which are composed of comparable number of type 1 ILC (ILC1) and natural killer (NK) cells in steady state. Little is known about whether and how the interaction between ILC1 and NK cells affects the development of alcoholic liver disease. METHODS A mouse model of chronic alcohol abuse plus single-binge (Gao-Binge model) was established. The levels of alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase, hepatic lipid, and inflammatory cytokines or neutrophils were measured to evaluate the degree of liver injury, steatosis, and inflammation. Flow cytometric analysis, cell depletion, or adoptive transfer were used to interrogate the interaction between ILC1 and NK cells. RESULTS Upon chronic alcohol consumption, NK cells, but not ILC1, underwent apoptosis, resulting in ILC1 dominance among group 1 ILC. Interleukin (IL) 17A expression was up-regulated, and increased IL17A was mainly derived from liver ILC1 after chronic alcohol feeding. Either depletion of ILC1 or neutralization of IL17A could significantly attenuate liver steatosis, inflammation, and injury in alcohol-fed mice. In contrast, normalization of the ILC1/NK cells ratio through NK cells transfer or expanding NK cells had a significant hepatoprotection against alcohol-induced steatohepatitis. Furthermore, NK cell-derived interferon gamma exerted a protective function via inhibiting IL17A production by liver ILC1 during alcoholic steatohepatitis. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study showing that the interplay between liver ILC1 and NK cells occurs and drives the development of alcoholic steatohepatitis. Our findings support further exploration of liver ILC1 or NK cells as a therapeutic target for the treatment of alcohol-associated liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Cheng
- School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yue Li
- School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Clinical Laboratory of Xinyang Central Hospital, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Jiali Jiang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Linxi Xie
- School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Haiyuan Shen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Dongqing Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hejiao Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Huiru Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hongyu Wu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jingjing Xu
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Li Gui
- The Comprehensive Experiment Center, School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Bao Li
- The Comprehensive Experiment Center, School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Cynthia Ju
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Hui Peng
- Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shi Yin
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Long Xu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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22
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Snyder LM, Belmares-Ortega J, Doherty CM, Denkers EY. Impact of MyD88, Microbiota, and Location on Type 1 and Type 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells during Toxoplasma gondii Infection. Immunohorizons 2022; 6:660-670. [PMID: 36096673 PMCID: PMC10994198 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2200070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii induces strong IFN-γ-based immunity. Innate lymphoid cells (ILC), in particular ILC1, are an important innate source of this protective cytokine during infection. Our objective was to determine how MyD88-dependent signaling influences ILC function during peroral compared with i.p. infection with T. gondii. MyD88 +/+ and MyD88 -/- mice were orally inoculated with ME49 cysts, and small intestinal lamina propria ILC were assessed using flow cytometry. We observed T-bet+ ILC1, retinoic acid-related orphan receptor γt+ ILC3, and a population of T-bet+retinoic acid-related orphan receptor γt+ double-positive ILC. In MyD88 -/- mice, IFN-γ-producing T-bet+ ILC1 frequencies were reduced compared with wild-type. Treatment of MyD88 -/- mice with an antibiotic mixture to deplete microflora reduced IFN-γ+ ILC1 frequencies. To examine ILC responses outside of the mucosal immune system, peritoneal exudate cells were collected from wild-type and knockout mice after i.p. inoculation with ME49 cysts. In this compartment, ILC were highly polarized to the ILC1 subset that increased significantly and became highly positive for IFN-γ over the course of infection. Increased ILC1 was associated with expression of the Ki67 cell proliferation marker, and the response was driven by IL-12p40. In the absence of MyD88, IFN-γ expression by ILC1 was not maintained, but proliferation remained normal. Collectively, these data reveal new aspects of ILC function that are influenced by location of infection and shaped further by MyD88-dependent signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M Snyder
- Center for Evolutionary & Theoretical Immunology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM; and Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Jessica Belmares-Ortega
- Center for Evolutionary & Theoretical Immunology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM; and Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Claire M Doherty
- Center for Evolutionary & Theoretical Immunology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM; and Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Eric Y Denkers
- Center for Evolutionary & Theoretical Immunology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM; and Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
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23
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Cheng A, Zhang H, Chen B, Zheng S, Wang H, Shi Y, You S, Li M, Jiang L. Modulation of autophagy as a therapeutic strategy for Toxoplasma gondii infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:902428. [PMID: 36093185 PMCID: PMC9448867 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.902428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii infection is a severe health threat that endangers billions of people worldwide. T. gondii utilizes the host cell membrane to form a parasitophorous vacuole (PV), thereby fully isolating itself from the host cell cytoplasm and making intracellular clearance difficult. PV can be targeted and destroyed by autophagy. Autophagic targeting results in T. gondii killing via the fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes. However, T. gondii has developed many strategies to suppress autophagic targeting. Accordingly, the interplay between host cell autophagy and T. gondii is an emerging area with important practical implications. By promoting the canonical autophagy pathway or attenuating the suppression of autophagic targeting, autophagy can be effectively utilized in the development of novel therapeutic strategies against T gondii. Here, we have illustrated the complex interplay between host cell mediated autophagy and T. gondii. Different strategies to promote autophagy in order to target the parasite have been elucidated. Besides, we have analyzed some potential new drug molecules from the DrugBank database using bioinformatics tools, which can modulate autophagy. Various challenges and opportunities focusing autophagy mediated T. gondii clearance have been discussed, which will provide new insights for the development of novel drugs against the parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Cheng
- Department of Parasitology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huanan Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Baike Chen
- Department of Parasitology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shengyao Zheng
- Department of Parasitology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongyi Wang
- Department of Parasitology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yijia Shi
- Department of Parasitology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Siyao You
- Department of Parasitology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Immunology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Liping Jiang, ; Ming Li,
| | - Liping Jiang
- Department of Parasitology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Liping Jiang, ; Ming Li,
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24
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Papadas A, Deb G, Cicala A, Officer A, Hope C, Pagenkopf A, Flietner E, Morrow ZT, Emmerich P, Wiesner J, Arauz G, Bansal V, Esbona K, Capitini CM, Matkowskyj KA, Deming DA, Politi K, Abrams SI, Harismendy O, Asimakopoulos F. Stromal remodeling regulates dendritic cell abundance and activity in the tumor microenvironment. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111201. [PMID: 35977482 PMCID: PMC9402878 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimulatory type 1 conventional dendritic cells (cDC1s) engage in productive interactions with CD8+ effectors along tumor-stroma boundaries. The paradoxical accumulation of “poised” cDC1s within stromal sheets is unlikely to simply reflect passive exclusion from tumor cores. Drawing parallels with embryonic morphogenesis, we hypothesized that invasive margin stromal remodeling generates developmentally conserved cell fate cues that regulate cDC1 behavior. We find that, in human T cell-inflamed tumors, CD8+ T cells penetrate tumor nests, whereas cDC1s are confined within adjacent stroma that recurrently displays site-specific proteolysis of the matrix proteoglycan versican (VCAN), an essential organ-sculpting modification in development. VCAN is necessary, and its proteolytic fragment (matrikine) versikine is sufficient for cDC1 accumulation. Versikine does not influence tumor-seeding pre-DC differentiation; rather, it orchestrates a distinctive cDC1 activation program conferring exquisite sensitivity to DNA sensing, supported by atypical innate lymphoid cells. Thus, peritumoral stroma mimicking embryonic provisional matrix remodeling regulates cDC1 abundance and activity to elicit T cell-inflamed tumor microenvironments. T cell-inflamed tumor microenvironments are a prerequisite for immunotherapy efficacy; however, why some tumors are inflamed and others not remains poorly understood. Papadas et al. link stromal reaction dynamics with T cell-induced inflammation. Peritumoral stroma emulating embryonic provisional matrix remodeling regulates cDC1-NK-CD8+ crosstalk to promote T cell repriming and penetration into tumor nests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Papadas
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA; Cellular and Molecular Pathology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Gauri Deb
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Cicala
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Adam Officer
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA; Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, USA; Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Chelsea Hope
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Adam Pagenkopf
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Evan Flietner
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Zachary T Morrow
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Philip Emmerich
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Joshua Wiesner
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Garrett Arauz
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Varun Bansal
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Karla Esbona
- UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Christian M Capitini
- UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kristina A Matkowskyj
- UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Dustin A Deming
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Katerina Politi
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Scott I Abrams
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Olivier Harismendy
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA; Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Fotis Asimakopoulos
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA.
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25
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Wu X, Gu B, Yang H. The role of γδ T cells in the interaction between commensal and pathogenic bacteria in the intestinal mucosa. Int Rev Immunol 2022; 42:379-392. [PMID: 35583374 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2022.2076846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal mucosa is an important structure involved in resistance to pathogen infection. It is mainly composed of four barriers, which have different but interrelated functions. Pathogenic bacteria can damage these intestinal mucosal barriers. Here, we mainly review the mechanisms of pathogen damage to biological barriers. Most γδ T cells are located on the surface of the intestinal mucosa, with the ability to migrate and engage in crosstalk with microorganisms. Commensal bacteria are involved in the activation and migration of γδ T cells to monitor the invasion of pathogens. Pathogen invasion alters the migration pattern of γδ T cells. γδ T cells accelerate pathogen clearance and limit opportunistic invasion of commensal bacteria. By discussing these interactions among γδ T cells, commensal bacteria and pathogenic bacteria, we suggest that γδ T cells may link the interactions between commensal bacteria and pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Wu
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bing Gu
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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26
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Steffen J, Ehrentraut S, Bank U, Biswas A, Figueiredo CA, Hölsken O, Düsedau HP, Dovhan V, Knop L, Thode J, Romero-Suárez S, Duarte CI, Gigley J, Romagnani C, Diefenbach A, Klose CSN, Schüler T, Dunay IR. Type 1 innate lymphoid cells regulate the onset of Toxoplasma gondii-induced neuroinflammation. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110564. [PMID: 35354032 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral infections are restrained by a complex interplay of tissue-resident and recruited peripheral immune cells. Whether innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are involved in the orchestration of the neuroinflammatory dynamics is not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate that ILCs accumulate in the cerebral parenchyma, the choroid plexus, and the meninges in the onset of cerebral Toxoplasma gondii infection. Antibody-mediated depletion of conventional natural killer (cNK) cells and ILC1s in the early stage of infection results in diminished cytokine and chemokine expression and increased cerebral parasite burden. Using cNK- and ILC1-deficient murine models, we demonstrate that exclusively the lack of ILC1s affects cerebral immune responses. In summary, our results provide evidence that ILC1s are an early source of IFN-γ and TNF in response to cerebral T. gondii infection, thereby inducing host defense factors and initiating the development of a neuroinflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Steffen
- Institute of Inflammation and Neurodegeneration, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology, and Inflammation (GC-I(3)), Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Ehrentraut
- Institute of Inflammation and Neurodegeneration, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology, and Inflammation (GC-I(3)), Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ute Bank
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology, and Inflammation (GC-I(3)), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Aindrila Biswas
- Institute of Inflammation and Neurodegeneration, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology, and Inflammation (GC-I(3)), Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Caio Andreeta Figueiredo
- Institute of Inflammation and Neurodegeneration, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology, and Inflammation (GC-I(3)), Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Hölsken
- Mucosal and Developmental Immunology, German Rheuma Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany; Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, and Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Henning Peter Düsedau
- Institute of Inflammation and Neurodegeneration, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology, and Inflammation (GC-I(3)), Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Vladyslava Dovhan
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology, and Inflammation (GC-I(3)), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Laura Knop
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology, and Inflammation (GC-I(3)), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Thode
- Institute of Inflammation and Neurodegeneration, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology, and Inflammation (GC-I(3)), Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Silvina Romero-Suárez
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carmen Infante Duarte
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jason Gigley
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Chiara Romagnani
- Innate Immunity, German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany; Medical Department I, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Diefenbach
- Mucosal and Developmental Immunology, German Rheuma Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany; Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, and Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph S N Klose
- Neuro-immune Interactions, Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, and Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Schüler
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology, and Inflammation (GC-I(3)), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ildiko Rita Dunay
- Institute of Inflammation and Neurodegeneration, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology, and Inflammation (GC-I(3)), Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany.
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27
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Gullicksrud JA, Sateriale A, Engiles JB, Gibson AR, Shaw S, Hutchins ZA, Martin L, Christian DA, Taylor GA, Yamamoto M, Beiting DP, Striepen B, Hunter CA. Enterocyte-innate lymphoid cell crosstalk drives early IFN-γ-mediated control of Cryptosporidium. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:362-372. [PMID: 34750455 PMCID: PMC8881313 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00468-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal parasite, Cryptosporidium, is a major contributor to global child mortality and causes opportunistic infection in immune deficient individuals. Innate resistance to Cryptosporidium, which specifically invades enterocytes, is dependent on the production of IFN-γ, yet whether enterocytes contribute to parasite control is poorly understood. In this study, utilizing a mouse-adapted strain of C. parvum, we show that epithelial-derived IL-18 synergized with IL-12 to stimulate innate lymphoid cell (ILC) production of IFN-γ required for early parasite control. The loss of IFN-γ-mediated STAT1 signaling in enterocytes, but not dendritic cells or macrophages, antagonized early parasite control. Transcriptional profiling of enterocytes from infected mice identified an IFN-γ signature and enrichment of the anti-microbial effectors IDO, GBP, and IRG. Deletion experiments identified a role for Irgm1/m3 in parasite control. Thus, enterocytes promote ILC production of IFN-γ that acts on enterocytes to restrict the growth of Cryptosporidium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi A Gullicksrud
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adam Sateriale
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Julie B Engiles
- Department of Pathobiology, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, USA
| | - Alexis R Gibson
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sebastian Shaw
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zachary A Hutchins
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Jill Robests Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lindsay Martin
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David A Christian
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gregory A Taylor
- Departments of Medicine, Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Immunology and Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Masahiro Yamamoto
- Department of Immunoparasitology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daniel P Beiting
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Boris Striepen
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christopher A Hunter
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Sana M, Rashid M, Rashid I, Akbar H, Gomez-Marin JE, Dimier-Poisson I. Immune response against toxoplasmosis-some recent updates RH: Toxoplasma gondii immune response. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2022; 36:3946320221078436. [PMID: 35227108 PMCID: PMC8891885 DOI: 10.1177/03946320221078436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cytokines, soluble mediators of immunity, are key factors of the innate and adaptive immune system. They are secreted from and interact with various types of immune cells to manipulate host body's immune cell physiology for a counter-attack on the foreign body. A study was designed to explore the mechanism of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) resistance from host immune response. METHODS AND RESULTS The published data on aspect of host (murine and human) immune response against T. gondii was taken from Google scholar and PubMed. Most relevant literature was included in this study. The basic mechanism of immune response starts from the interactions of antigens with host immune cells to trigger the production of cytokines (pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory) which then act by forming a cytokinome (network of cytokine). Their secretory equilibrium is essential for endowing resistance to the host against infectious diseases, particularly toxoplasmosis. A narrow balance lying between Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokines (as demonstrated until now) is essential for the development of resistance against T. gondii as well as for the survival of host. Excessive production of pro-inflammatory cytokines leads to tissue damage resulting in the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines which enhances the proliferation of Toxoplasma. Stress and other infectious diseases (human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)) that weaken the host immunity particularly the cellular component, make the host susceptible to toxoplasmosis especially in pregnant women. CONCLUSION The current review findings state that in vitro harvesting of IL12 from DCs, Np and MΦ upon exposure with T. gondii might be a source for therapeutic use in toxoplasmosis. Current review also suggests that therapeutic interventions leading to up-regulation/supplementation of SOCS-3, IL12, and IFNγ to the infected host could be a solution to sterile immunity against T. gondii infection. This would be of interest particularly in patients passing through immunosuppression owing to any reason like the ones receiving anti-cancer therapy, the ones undergoing immunosuppressive therapy for graft/transplantation, the ones suffering from immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or having AIDS. Another imortant suggestion is to launch the efforts for a vaccine based on GRA6Nt or other similar antigens of T. gondii as a probable tool to destroy tissue cysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madiha Sana
- Department of Parasitology, 66920University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rashid
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 66920The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Imran Rashid
- Department of Parasitology, 66920University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Haroon Akbar
- Department of Parasitology, 66920University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Jorge E Gomez-Marin
- Grupo Gepamol, Centro de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Universidad del Quindio, Armenia, CO, South America
| | - Isabelle Dimier-Poisson
- Université de Tours, Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (INRAE), Unité mixte de recherche 1282 (UMR1282), Infectiologie et santé publique (ISP), Tours, France
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Korchagina AA, Koroleva E, Tumanov AV. Innate Lymphoid Cells in Response to Intracellular Pathogens: Protection Versus Immunopathology. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:775554. [PMID: 34938670 PMCID: PMC8685334 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.775554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a heterogeneous group of cytokine-producing lymphocytes which are predominantly located at mucosal barrier surfaces, such as skin, lungs, and gastrointestinal tract. ILCs contribute to tissue homeostasis, regulate microbiota-derived signals, and protect against mucosal pathogens. ILCs are classified into five major groups by their developmental origin and distinct cytokine production. A recently emerged intriguing feature of ILCs is their ability to alter their phenotype and function in response to changing local environmental cues such as pathogen invasion. Once the pathogen crosses host barriers, ILCs quickly activate cytokine production to limit the spread of the pathogen. However, the dysregulated ILC responses can lead to tissue inflammation and damage. Furthermore, the interplay between ILCs and other immune cell types shapes the outcome of the immune response. Recent studies highlighted the important role of ILCs for host defense against intracellular pathogens. Here, we review recent advances in understanding the mechanisms controlling protective and pathogenic ILC responses to intracellular pathogens. This knowledge can help develop new ILC-targeted strategies to control infectious diseases and immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A Korchagina
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Ekaterina Koroleva
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Alexei V Tumanov
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
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Clark JT, Christian DA, Gullicksrud JA, Perry JA, Park J, Jacquet M, Tarrant JC, Radaelli E, Silver J, Hunter CA. IL-33 promotes innate lymphoid cell-dependent IFN-γ production required for innate immunity to Toxoplasma gondii. eLife 2021; 10:e65614. [PMID: 33929319 PMCID: PMC8121546 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-33 is an alarmin required for resistance to the parasite Toxoplasma gondii, but its role in innate resistance to this organism is unclear. Infection with T. gondii promotes increased stromal cell expression of IL-33, and levels of parasite replication correlate with release of IL-33 in affected tissues. In response to infection, a subset of innate lymphoid cells (ILC) emerges composed of IL-33R+ NK cells and ILC1s. In Rag1-/-mice, where NK cells and ILC1 production of IFN-γ mediate innate resistance to T. gondii, the loss of the IL-33R resulted in reduced ILC responses and increased parasite replication. Furthermore, administration of IL-33 to Rag1-/- mice resulted in a marked decrease in parasite burden, increased production of IFN-γ, and the recruitment and expansion of inflammatory monocytes associated with parasite control. These protective effects of exogenous IL-33 were dependent on endogenous IL-12p40 and the ability of IL-33 to enhance ILC production of IFN-γ. These results highlight that IL-33 synergizes with IL-12 to promote ILC-mediated resistance to T. gondii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph T Clark
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary MedicinePhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - David A Christian
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary MedicinePhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Jodi A Gullicksrud
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary MedicinePhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Joseph A Perry
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary MedicinePhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Jeongho Park
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary MedicinePhiladelphiaUnited States
- Kangwon National University College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary ScienceChuncheonRepublic of Korea
| | - Maxime Jacquet
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary MedicinePhiladelphiaUnited States
- Liver Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital of Basel and University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - James C Tarrant
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary MedicinePhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Enrico Radaelli
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary MedicinePhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Jonathan Silver
- Department of Respiratory Inflammation and Autoimmunity, AstraZenecaGaithersburgUnited States
| | - Christopher A Hunter
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary MedicinePhiladelphiaUnited States
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