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Ma S, He R, Jiang T, Hu Z, Ye Z, Mi W. Development of an isotope dilution mass spectrometry assay for the quantification of insulin based on signature peptide analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:3085-3096. [PMID: 38556594 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05258-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
An isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) method that involves peptide-based protein analysis was developed to accurately quantify insulin. In this study, a signature peptide (GFFYTPK) obtained from tryptic digestion of insulin was selected as a surrogate for insulin. Then, the optimal conditions for signature peptide analysis through mass spectrometry detection and enzymatic digestion were determined. The analytical performance of this method was assessed and validated using porcine insulin-certified reference material. The linear range of the insulin calibration curve ranged from 0.05 ~ 2 mass ratios, with recoveries ranging from 96.15 to approximately 101.15%. The limit of detection was 0.19 ng/mL, and the limit of quantification was 0.63 ng/mL. The quantitative results corresponded well with a certified value that was obtained from measuring a porcine insulin reference material with amino acid-based IDMS. In addition, the target peptide GFFYTPK can be found in other species of insulin. This method was also applied for the quantification of human insulin-certified reference material. Finally, we applied the method to quantify the concentrations of simulated serum insulin. These findings suggested that this signature peptide-based IDMS approach can accurately quantify insulin levels, can assign a certified value to insulin reference materials, and has the potential to quantify serum insulin with traceable measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangying Ma
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Xueyuan Street 258, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Rimei He
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Institute of Metrology and Test, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Tingting Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Xueyuan Street 258, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Zhishang Hu
- National Institute of Metrology, No.18 Beisanhuan Donglu, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Zihong Ye
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Xueyuan Street 258, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Wei Mi
- National Institute of Metrology, No.18 Beisanhuan Donglu, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Purohit K, Reddy N, Sunna A. Exploring the Potential of Bioactive Peptides: From Natural Sources to Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1391. [PMID: 38338676 PMCID: PMC10855437 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Bioactive peptides, specific protein fragments with positive health effects, are gaining traction in drug development for advantages like enhanced penetration, low toxicity, and rapid clearance. This comprehensive review navigates the intricate landscape of peptide science, covering discovery to functional characterization. Beginning with a peptidomic exploration of natural sources, the review emphasizes the search for novel peptides. Extraction approaches, including enzymatic hydrolysis, microbial fermentation, and specialized methods for disulfide-linked peptides, are extensively covered. Mass spectrometric analysis techniques for data acquisition and identification, such as liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, untargeted peptide analysis, and bioinformatics, are thoroughly outlined. The exploration of peptide bioactivity incorporates various methodologies, from in vitro assays to in silico techniques, including advanced approaches like phage display and cell-based assays. The review also discusses the structure-activity relationship in the context of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), ACE-inhibitory peptides (ACEs), and antioxidative peptides (AOPs). Concluding with key findings and future research directions, this interdisciplinary review serves as a comprehensive reference, offering a holistic understanding of peptides and their potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kruttika Purohit
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia;
- Australian Research Council Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Facilitated Advancement of Australia’s Bioactives (FAAB), Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia;
| | - Narsimha Reddy
- Australian Research Council Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Facilitated Advancement of Australia’s Bioactives (FAAB), Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia;
- School of Science, Parramatta Campus, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Anwar Sunna
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia;
- Australian Research Council Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Facilitated Advancement of Australia’s Bioactives (FAAB), Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia;
- Biomolecular Discovery Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
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Violin A, Enard E, Blin J, Paillusson D, Collin A, Guénet D, Raverot V, Bach-Ngohou K, Masson D. Insulin: Know what your immunoassay detects. Evaluation of two new immunoassays. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 548:117516. [PMID: 37598742 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin is essential for glycemic regulation but diseases can cause a default or an excess of insulin secretion leading to dysregulated glycemia. Hence, measurement of insulinemia is useful to investigate hypoglycemia, determine the pathogenesis of diabetes and evaluate β-cell function. Thus, diabetic patients need supplementation with recombinant human insulin and/or insulin analogues. Analogues have primary sequences different from native human insulin and may not be detected by some immunoassays. The objective of our study was to evaluate new insulin immunoassays by determining their ability to detect different types of human insulin or analogues. METHODS This study compared the reactivity of two new insulin immunoassays with five well-established immunoassays on ten commercial insulins. We also measured insulin in blood samples from diabetic or pancreas transplant patients with known treatment. RESULTS Contrary to recombinant human insulin, there were differences in the specificity to insulin analogues. We distinguished three immunoassay categories: those recognizing all types of insulin such as the non-specific BI-INS-IRMA®, Architect® and Access® immunoassays; those recognizing human insulin only (Cobas®); and those recognizing human insulin and analogues in variable proportions (Liaison XL®, iFlash® and Maglumi®). CONCLUSION An accurate biological interpretation of insulinemia relies on knowledge of the specificity of the immunoassay used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alizee Violin
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Biochemistry, F-44000 Nantes, France.
| | - Emmanuel Enard
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Biochemistry, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Justine Blin
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Biochemistry, F-44000 Nantes, France; Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM U1235, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Disorders, IMAD, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Dimitri Paillusson
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Biochemistry, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Antoine Collin
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Biochemistry, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - David Guénet
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CHU of Caen Normandie, Laboratory of Biochemistry, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Véronique Raverot
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale Multi-Sites (LBMMS), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Kalyane Bach-Ngohou
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Biochemistry, F-44000 Nantes, France; Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM U1235, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Disorders, IMAD, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Damien Masson
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Biochemistry, F-44000 Nantes, France; Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM U1235, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Disorders, IMAD, F-44000 Nantes, France
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Psoma SD, Kanthou C. Wearable Insulin Biosensors for Diabetes Management: Advances and Challenges. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:719. [PMID: 37504117 PMCID: PMC10377143 DOI: 10.3390/bios13070719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
We present a critical review of the current progress in wearable insulin biosensors. For over 40 years, glucose biosensors have been used for diabetes management. Measurement of blood glucose is an indirect method for calculating the insulin administration dosage, which is critical for insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Research and development efforts aiming towards continuous-insulin-monitoring biosensors in combination with existing glucose biosensors are expected to offer a more accurate estimation of insulin sensitivity, regulate insulin dosage and facilitate progress towards development of a reliable artificial pancreas, as an ultimate goal in diabetes management and personalised medicine. Conventional laboratory analytical techniques for insulin detection are expensive and time-consuming and lack a real-time monitoring capability. On the other hand, biosensors offer point-of-care testing, continuous monitoring, miniaturisation, high specificity and sensitivity, rapid response time, ease of use and low costs. Current research, future developments and challenges in insulin biosensor technology are reviewed and assessed. Different insulin biosensor categories such as aptamer-based, molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-based, label-free and other types are presented among the latest developments in the field. This multidisciplinary field requires engagement between scientists, engineers, clinicians and industry for addressing the challenges for a commercial, reliable, real-time-monitoring wearable insulin biosensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotiria D Psoma
- School of Engineering & Innovation, The Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Chryso Kanthou
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
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Wardani NI, Kangkamano T, Wannapob R, Kanatharana P, Thavarungkul P, Limbut W. Electrochemical sensor based on molecularly imprinted polymer cryogel and multiwalled carbon nanotubes for direct insulin detection. Talanta 2023; 254:124137. [PMID: 36463801 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.124137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Insulin is the polypeptide hormone that regulates blood glucose levels. It is used as an indicator of both types of diabetes. An electrochemical insulin sensor was developed using a gold electrode modified with carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (f-MWCNTs) and molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) cryogel. The MIP provided specific recognition sites for insulin, while the macropores of the cryogel promoted the mass transfer of insulin to the recognition sites. The f-MWCNTs increased the effective surface area and conductivity of the sensor and also reduced the potential required to oxidize insulin. Insulin oxidation was directly measured in a flow system using square wave voltammetry. This MIP cryogel/f-MWCNTs sensor provided a linear range of 0.050-1.40 pM with a very low limit of detection (LOD) of 33 fM. The sensor exhibited high selectivity and long-term stability over 10 weeks of dry storage at room temperature. The results of insulin determination in human serum using the sensor compared well with the results of the Elecsys insulin assay. The developed MIP sensor offers a promising alternative for the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Indah Wardani
- Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Tawatchai Kangkamano
- Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Thaksin University (Phatthalung Campus), Papayom, Phatthalung, 93110, Thailand
| | - Rodtichoti Wannapob
- Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Proespichaya Kanatharana
- Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Panote Thavarungkul
- Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Warakorn Limbut
- Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand.
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6
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Zidarič T, Majer D, Maver T, Finšgar M, Maver U. The development of an electropolymerized, molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) sensor for insulin determination using single-drop analysis. Analyst 2023; 148:1102-1115. [PMID: 36723087 DOI: 10.1039/d2an02025d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
An electrochemical sensor for the detection of insulin in a single drop (50 μL) was developed based on the concept of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP). The synthetic MIP receptors were assembled on a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) by the electropolymerization of pyrrole (Py) in the presence of insulin (the protein template) using cyclic voltammetry. After electropolymerization, insulin was removed from the formed polypyrrole (Ppy) matrix to create imprinting cavities for the subsequent analysis of the insulin analyte in test samples. The surface characterization, before and after each electrosynthesis step of the MIP sensors, was performed using atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The performance of the developed MIP-SPCE sensor was evaluated using a single drop of solution containing K3Fe(CN)6 and the square-wave voltammetry technique. The MIP-SPCE showed a linear concentration range of 20.0-70.0 pM (R2 = 0.9991), a limit of detection of 1.9 pM, and a limit of quantification of 6.2 pM. The rapid response time to the protein target and the portability of the developed sensor, which is considered a disposable MIP-based system, make this MIP-SPCE sensor a promising candidate for point-of-care applications. In addition, the MIP-SPCE sensor was successfully used to detect insulin in a pharmaceutical sample. The sensor was deemed to be accurate (the average recovery was 108.46%) and precise (the relative standard deviation was 7.23%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Zidarič
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - David Majer
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
| | - Tina Maver
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.,University of Maribor, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Matjaž Finšgar
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
| | - Uroš Maver
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.,University of Maribor, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
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Foreman RE, Meek CL, Roberts GP, George AL, Reimann F, Gribble FM, Kay RG. LC-MS/MS based detection of circulating proinsulin derived peptides in patients with altered pancreatic beta cell function. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1211:123482. [PMID: 36242807 PMCID: PMC7614196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Routine immunoassays for insulin and C-peptide have the potential to cross-react with partially processed proinsulin products, although in healthy patients these are present at such low levels that the interference is insignificant. Elevated concentrations of proinsulin and des-31,32 proinsulin arising from pathological conditions, or injected insulin analogues, however can cause significant assay interferences, complicating interpretation. Clinical diagnosis and management therefore sometimes require methods that can distinguish true insulin and C-peptide from partially processed proinsulin or injected insulin analogues. In this scenario, the high specificity of mass spectrometric analysis offers potential benefit for patient care. A high throughput targeted LC-MS/MS method was developed as a fit for purpose investigation of insulin, insulin analogues, C-peptide and proinsulin processing intermediates in plasma samples from different patient groups. Using calibration standards and bovine insulin as an internal standard, absolute concentrations of insulin and C-peptide were quantified across a nominal human plasma postprandial range and correlated strongly with immunoassay-based measurements. The ability to distinguish between insulin, insulin analogues and proinsulin intermediates in a single extraction is an improvement over existing immunological based techniques, offering the advantage of exact identification of the species being measured. The method promises to aid in the detection of circulating peptides which have previously been overlooked but may interfere with standard insulin and C-peptide immunoassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Foreman
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories, Level 4, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Peptidomics and Proteomics Core Facility, Level 4, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Claire L Meek
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories, Level 4, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Biochemistry/Wolfson Diabetes & Endocrine Clinic, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Geoffrey P Roberts
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories, Level 4, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Amy L George
- Peptidomics and Proteomics Core Facility, Level 4, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Frank Reimann
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories, Level 4, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona M Gribble
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories, Level 4, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom.
| | - Richard G Kay
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories, Level 4, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Peptidomics and Proteomics Core Facility, Level 4, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom.
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8
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Emami J, Haghighi M, Rostami M, Minaiyan M. Development and validation of a new robust RP-HPLC method for simultaneous quantitation of insulin and pramlintide in non-invasive and smart glucose-responsive microparticles. Res Pharm Sci 2022; 17:594-611. [PMID: 36704426 PMCID: PMC9872181 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.359428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Since insulin and pramlintide cooperate in glucose hemostasis, co-administration and quantitation of them in pharmaceutical preparations are imperative. A simple, rapid, sensitive, and isocratic RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for simultaneous quantitation of insulin and pramlintide in loading and in-vitro release studies of a glucose-responsive system to improve the control of hyperglycemic episodes in diabetic patients. Experimental approach The isocratic RP-HPLC separation was achieved on a C18 µ-Bondopak column (250 mm × 4.6 mm) using a mobile phase of water:acetonitrile:trifluoroacetic acid (65:35:0.1%) at a flow rate of 1 mL/min in an ambient temperature. Both proteins were detected using a UV detector at 214 nm. The method was validated for specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, the limit of detection, the limit of quantification, and robustness. Findings/Results Linearity was obtained in the concentration range of 30 to 360 μg/mL for insulin and 1.5 to 12 μg/mL for pramlintide. The results were validated statistically and recovery studies confirmed the great accuracy and precision of the proposed method. The robustness of the method was also confirmed through small changes in pH, mobile phase composition, and flow rate. Conclusion and implications The method was found to be simple, specific, precise, and reproducible. It was applied for the determination of loading capacity, entrapment efficiency, and in-vitro release studies of insulin and pramlintide in a smart glucose-responsive microparticle. Co-delivery of insulin and pramlintide could be a new intervention in diabetes management and concurrent quantitation of these two proteins is, therefore, essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaber Emami
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran,Corresponding author: J. Emami Tel: +98-3137927111, Fax: +98-3136680011
| | - Maryam Haghighi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Rostami
- Department of Medical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Mohsen Minaiyan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
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Rappold BA. Review of the Use of Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry in Clinical Laboratories: Part II-Operations. Ann Lab Med 2022; 42:531-557. [PMID: 35470272 PMCID: PMC9057814 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2022.42.5.531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is increasingly utilized in clinical laboratories because it has advantages in terms of specificity and sensitivity over other analytical technologies. These advantages come with additional responsibilities and challenges given that many assays and platforms are not provided to laboratories as a single kit or device. The skills, staff, and assays used in LC-MS/MS are internally developed by the laboratory, with relatively few exceptions. Hence, a laboratory that deploys LC-MS/MS assays must be conscientious of the practices and procedures adopted to overcome the challenges associated with the technology. This review discusses the post-development landscape of LC-MS/MS assays, including validation, quality assurance, operations, and troubleshooting. The content knowledge of LC-MS/MS users is quite broad and deep and spans multiple scientific fields, including biology, clinical chemistry, chromatography, engineering, and MS. However, there are no formal academic programs or specific literature to train laboratory staff on the fundamentals of LC-MS/MS beyond the reports on method development. Therefore, depending on their experience level, some readers may be familiar with aspects of the laboratory practices described herein, while others may be not. This review endeavors to assemble aspects of LC-MS/MS operations in the clinical laboratory to provide a framework for the thoughtful development and execution of LC-MS/MS applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Rappold
- Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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10
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Multiplexed quantification of insulin and C-peptide by LC-MS/MS without the use of antibodies. J Mass Spectrom Adv Clin Lab 2022; 25:19-26. [PMID: 35734440 PMCID: PMC9207678 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmsacl.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simultaneous quantification of insulin and C-peptide without antibodies. Proteolysis with Glu-C permits sensitive and precise measurements. Calibration with certified reference material provides traceability. Relatively large bias when compared with a commercially available immunoassay.
Introduction The measurement of insulin and C-peptide provides a valuable tool for the clinical evaluation of hypoglycemia. In research, these biomarkers are used together to better understand hyperinsulinemia, hepatic insulin clearance, and beta cell function. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is an attractive approach for the analysis of insulin and C-peptide because the platform is specific, can avoid certain limitations of immunoassays, and can be multiplexed. Previously described LC-MS/MS methods for the simultaneous quantification of insulin and C-peptide measure the intact analytes and most have relied on immunoaffinity enrichment. These approaches can be limited in terms of sensitivity and interference from auto-antibodies, respectively. We have developed a novel method that does not require antibodies and uses proteolytic digestion to yield readily ionizable proteotypic peptides that enables the sensitive, specific, and simultaneous quantitation of insulin and C-peptide. Methods Serum samples were precipitated with acetonitrile. Analytes were enriched using solid phase extraction and then digested with endoproteinase Glu-C. Surrogate peptides for insulin and C-peptide were analyzed using targeted LC-MS/MS. Results Inter-day imprecision was below 20 %CV and linearity was observed down to the lower limit of quantitation for both analytes (insulin = 0.09 ng/mL, C-peptide = 0.06 ng/mL). Comparison to a commercially available insulin immunoassay (Beckman Coulter UniCel DxI 600 Access) revealed a 30% bias between methods. Conclusion A novel LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous analysis of insulin and C-peptide using Glu-C digestion was developed and evaluated. A detailed standard operating procedure is provided to help facilitate implementation in other laboratories.
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Newman JW, Krishnan S, Borkowski K, Adams SH, Stephensen CB, Keim NL. Assessing Insulin Sensitivity and Postprandial Triglyceridemic Response Phenotypes With a Mixed Macronutrient Tolerance Test. Front Nutr 2022; 9:877696. [PMID: 35634390 PMCID: PMC9131925 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.877696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of meal challenge tests to assess postprandial responses in carbohydrate and fat metabolism is well established in clinical nutrition research. However, challenge meal compositions and protocols remain a variable. Here, we validated a mixed macronutrient tolerance test (MMTT), containing 56-g palm oil, 59-g sucrose, and 26-g egg white protein for the parallel determination of insulin sensitivity and postprandial triglyceridemia in clinically healthy subjects. The MMTT was administered in two study populations. In one, women with overweight/obese BMIs (n = 43) involved in an 8-week dietary intervention were administered oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) and MMTTs within 2 days of each other after 0, 2, and 8 weeks of the dietary intervention. In the other, 340 men and women between 18 and 64 years of age, with BMI from 18–40 kg/m2, completed the MMTT as part of a broad nutritional phenotyping effort. Postprandial blood collected at 0, 0.5, 3, and 6 h was used to measure glucose, insulin, and clinical lipid panels. The MMTT postprandial insulin-dependent glucose disposal was evaluated by using the Matsuda Index algorithm and the 0- and 3 h blood insulin and glucose measures. The resulting MMTT insulin sensitivity index (ISIMMTT) was strongly correlated (r = 0.77, p < 0.001) with the OGTT-dependent 2 h composite Matsuda index (ISIComposite), being related by the following equation: Log (ISIComposite) = [0.8751 x Log(ISIMMTT)] –0.2115. An area under the triglyceride excursion curve >11.15 mg/mL h–1 calculated from the 0, 3, and 6 h blood draws established mild-to-moderate triglyceridemia in agreement with ∼20% greater prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia than fasting indications. We also demonstrated that the product of the 0 to 3 h and 3 to 6 h triglyceride rate of change as a function of the triglyceride incremental area under the curve optimally stratified subjects by postprandial response patterns. Notably, ∼2% of the population showed minimal triglyceride appearance by 6 h, while ∼25% had increasing triglycerides through 6 h. Ultimately, using three blood draws, the MMTT allowed for the simultaneous determination of insulin sensitivity and postprandial triglyceridemia in individuals without clinically diagnosed disease.Clinical Trial Registration[https://clinicaltrials.gov/], identifier [NCT02298725; NCT02367287].
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Affiliation(s)
- John W. Newman
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Davis, CA, United States
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: John W. Newman,
| | - Sridevi Krishnan
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Kamil Borkowski
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Sean H. Adams
- Department of Surgery, Davis School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
- Center for Alimentary and Metabolic Science, Davis School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Charles B. Stephensen
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Davis, CA, United States
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Nancy L. Keim
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Davis, CA, United States
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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12
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Abazar F, Sharifi E, Noorbakhsh A. Antifouling properties of carbon quantum dots-based electrochemical sensor as a promising platform for highly sensitive detection of insulin. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Md Saleh R, Kulig B, Arefi A, Hensel O, Sturm B. Prediction of total carotenoids, color and moisture content of carrot slices during hot air drying using non‐invasive hyperspectral imaging technique. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosalizan Md Saleh
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering University of Kassel Nordbahnhofstrasse. 1a 37213 Witzenhausen Germany
- Industrial Crops Research Centre Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI) 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Boris Kulig
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering University of Kassel Nordbahnhofstrasse. 1a 37213 Witzenhausen Germany
| | - Arman Arefi
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering University of Kassel Nordbahnhofstrasse. 1a 37213 Witzenhausen Germany
| | - Oliver Hensel
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering University of Kassel Nordbahnhofstrasse. 1a 37213 Witzenhausen Germany
| | - Barbara Sturm
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering University of Kassel Nordbahnhofstrasse. 1a 37213 Witzenhausen Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy(ATB) Max‐Eyth‐Allee 100 14469 Potsdam Germany
- Humboldt Universität zu Berlin Albrecht Daniel Thaer Institute for Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences 10115 Berlin Germany
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14
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Goy RW, Shrestha HK, Colman RJ, Dukes NJ, Ziegler TE, Kapoor A. Development and Validation of an LC-MS/MS Based Quantitative Assay for Marmoset Insulin in Serum. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1195:123150. [PMID: 35247678 PMCID: PMC8958664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Insulin is a peptide hormone that is secreted by the β cells of the pancreas and is essential to the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the body. The marmoset insulin peptide is not homologous with human insulin and therefore commonly available assays do not work for this species. Due to the increasing popularity of marmoset research, a simple, specific assay for the quantitation of marmoset insulin is needed. This study aimed to develop and validate a bottom-up proteomic workflow with trypsin digestion and analysis using LC coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Marmoset serum proteins were subjected to denaturation, reduction, and enzymatic cleavage to extract a unique, 7 amino acid peptide for quantitation of marmoset insulin. Resolution of the peptide was achieved by LC-MS/MS using electrospray ionization operating in positive mode. Calibration was achieved by aliquot dilution of fully synthetic marmoset insulin tryptic peptide into macaque serum. A stable-isotope labeled (13C, 15N) synthetic marmoset insulin tryptic peptide was used as internal standard. The assay was fully validated according to bioanalytical method validation guidelines for linearity, precision, and dilution linearity using purified marmoset insulin. The limit of detection was 15.49 pmol/L and the limit of quantitation was 140.78 pmol/L. Biological validation was achieved by comparison of samples previously run by radioimmunoassay and measurement of the marmoset insulin response to glucose via an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The physiological range of marmoset insulin was shown to be 84.5 to 1222 pmol/L. In summary, this paper presents a simple, reproducible method to measure marmoset insulin in serum using LC-MS/MS.
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15
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Lian K, Feng H, Liu S, Wang K, Liu Q, Deng L, Wang G, Chen Y, Liu G. Insulin quantification towards early diagnosis of prediabetes/diabetes. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 203:114029. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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16
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Abdelwaly EA, Mohamed AA, El-Kosasy AM, Ayad MF. Simultaneous quantitative determination of insulin aspart and insulin degludec in human plasma using simple shoot LC method. Biomed Chromatogr 2021; 36:e5292. [PMID: 34854111 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Combining short-acting and long-acting insulin analogs was a real challenge that was overcome by NovoNordisk through the co-formulation of insulin aspart and insulin degludec in single-dosage form. The proposed study provides a simple, short, and reliable HPLC method with diode array detection that is developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of insulin aspart and insulin degludec in human plasma. The proposed method achieved good separation between the two analytes utilizing a C8 column at 35°C in a very short run time (6 min), with a simple, low-cost, and reliable extraction method through precipitation of plasma protein. Gradient elution was applied using a mobile phase consisting of 0.1 M sodium sulfate (pH 3.4) and acetonitrile. The method was validated according to EMA Guideline on Bioanalytical Validation. The proposed method had a linear range from 3.0 to 300 μg/mL for insulin aspart and from 3.5 to 300 μg/mL for insulin degludec. The intra- and inter-day precision of insulin aspart were 0.36-3.33% and 1.59-8.84%, respectively, and accuracy was between 10.06 and 3.09% The intra- and inter-day precision of insulin degludec were 0.29-1.93% and 0.89-5.14%, respectively, and accuracy was between -5.29 and 3.91%.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abeer A Mohamed
- Egyptian Drug Authority, Cairo, Egypt.,Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amira M El-Kosasy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Miriam F Ayad
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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17
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Foreman RE, George AL, Reimann F, Gribble FM, Kay RG. Peptidomics: A Review of Clinical Applications and Methodologies. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:3782-3797. [PMID: 34270237 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Improvements in both liquid chromatography (LC) and mass spectrometry (MS) instrumentation have greatly enhanced proteomic and small molecule metabolomic analysis in recent years. Less focus has been on the improved capability to detect and quantify small bioactive peptides, even though the exact sequences of the peptide species produced can have important biological consequences. Endogenous bioactive peptide hormones, for example, are generated by the targeted and regulated cleavage of peptides from their prohormone sequence. This process may include organ specific variants, as proglucagon is converted to glucagon in the pancreas but glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in the small intestine, with glucagon raising, whereas GLP-1, as an incretin, lowering blood glucose. Therefore, peptidomics workflows must preserve the structure of the processed peptide products to prevent the misidentification of ambiguous peptide species. The poor in vivo and in vitro stability of peptides in biological matrices is a major factor that needs to be considered when developing methods to study them. The bioinformatic analysis of peptidomics data sets requires the inclusion of specific post-translational modifications, which are critical for the function of many bioactive peptides. This review aims to discuss and contrast the various extraction, analytical, and bioinformatics approaches used for human peptidomics studies in a multitude of matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Foreman
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Level 4, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Box 289, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, U.K
| | - Amy L George
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Level 4, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Box 289, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, U.K
| | - Frank Reimann
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Level 4, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Box 289, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, U.K
| | - Fiona M Gribble
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Level 4, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Box 289, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, U.K
| | - Richard G Kay
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Level 4, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Box 289, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, U.K
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18
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Nakayasu ES, Gritsenko M, Piehowski PD, Gao Y, Orton DJ, Schepmoes AA, Fillmore TL, Frohnert BI, Rewers M, Krischer JP, Ansong C, Suchy-Dicey AM, Evans-Molina C, Qian WJ, Webb-Robertson BJM, Metz TO. Tutorial: best practices and considerations for mass-spectrometry-based protein biomarker discovery and validation. Nat Protoc 2021; 16:3737-3760. [PMID: 34244696 PMCID: PMC8830262 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-021-00566-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mass-spectrometry-based proteomic analysis is a powerful approach for discovering new disease biomarkers. However, certain critical steps of study design such as cohort selection, evaluation of statistical power, sample blinding and randomization, and sample/data quality control are often neglected or underappreciated during experimental design and execution. This tutorial discusses important steps for designing and implementing a liquid-chromatography-mass-spectrometry-based biomarker discovery study. We describe the rationale, considerations and possible failures in each step of such studies, including experimental design, sample collection and processing, and data collection. We also provide guidance for major steps of data processing and final statistical analysis for meaningful biological interpretations along with highlights of several successful biomarker studies. The provided guidelines from study design to implementation to data interpretation serve as a reference for improving rigor and reproducibility of biomarker development studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto S Nakayasu
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA.
| | - Marina Gritsenko
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Paul D Piehowski
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Yuqian Gao
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Daniel J Orton
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Athena A Schepmoes
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Thomas L Fillmore
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Brigitte I Frohnert
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Marian Rewers
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jeffrey P Krischer
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Charles Ansong
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Astrid M Suchy-Dicey
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Carmella Evans-Molina
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Wei-Jun Qian
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Bobbie-Jo M Webb-Robertson
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Thomas O Metz
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA.
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19
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Kay RG, Barker P, Burling K, Cohen M, Halsall D, Reimann F, Gribble FM, Semple RK, Church D. Increased C-Peptide Immunoreactivity in Insulin Autoimmune Syndrome (Hirata Disease) Due to High Molecular Weight Proinsulin. Clin Chem 2021; 67:854-862. [PMID: 34051096 PMCID: PMC8167340 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvab043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Determination of C-peptide is important in the investigation of unexplained hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia because a high C-peptide concentration usually indicates endogenous insulin hypersecretion. Insulin autoimmune syndrome (IAS) denotes hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia due to insulin-binding antibodies that prolong insulin half-life. C-peptide clearance is considered to be unaffected, and although a marked C-peptide immunoreactivity in hypoglycemic samples has been reported, it has been suspected to be artifactual. High-resolution mass spectrometry enables examination of the basis of C-peptide-immunoreactivity in IAS. Methods Precipitation of plasma with polyethylene glycol was followed by C-peptide immunoassay. Plasma peptides extracted by solvent precipitation were characterized by nano-LC–MS/MS and analyzed using an untargeted data-dependent method. Peptides related to proinsulin, in amino acid sequence, were identified using proprietary bioinformatics software and confirmed by repeat LC–MS/MS analysis. Gel filtration chromatography coupled to LC–MS/MS was used to identify proinsulin-related peptides present in IAS immunocomplexes. Results were compared with those from C-peptide immunoassay. Results Polyethylene glycol precipitation of IAS plasma, but not control plasma, depleted C-peptide immunoreactivity consistent with immunoglobulin-bound C-peptide immunoreactivity. LC–MS/MS detected proinsulin and des 31,32 proinsulin at higher abundance in IAS plasma compared with control plasma. Analysis by gel filtration chromatography coupled to LC–MS/MS demonstrated proinsulin and des 31,32 proinsulin, but no C-peptide, in plasma immunocomplexes. Conclusions Antibody binding can enrich proinsulin and des 31,32 proinsulin in IAS immunocomplexes. Proinsulin cross-reactivity in some C-peptide immunoassays can lead to artifactually increased C-peptide results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard G Kay
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter Barker
- Core Biochemical Assay Laboratory, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Keith Burling
- Core Biochemical Assay Laboratory, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mark Cohen
- Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - David Halsall
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Frank Reimann
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fiona M Gribble
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robert K Semple
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David Church
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
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20
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Rapid liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry quantitation of glucose-regulating hormones from human islets of Langerhans. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1637:461805. [PMID: 33360778 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glucose homeostasis is maintained through the secretion of peptide hormones, such as insulin, somatostatin, and glucagon, from islets of Langerhans, clusters of endocrine cells found in the pancreas. This report describes an LC-MS method using multiple reaction monitoring for quantitation of insulin, C-peptide, glucagon, and somatostatin secretion from human islet populations. For rapid analysis, a 5 min separation was achieved using a 2.1 × 30 mm (i.d. x length) C18 column with 2.7 µm diameter core shell particles. A sacrificial protein hydrolysate was used with the sample and found to improve signal magnitude, repeatability, and to reduce carryover between runs. At optimized gradient conditions, the gradient run time was 4.55 min producing an average peak width of 0.3 min, a minimum resolution of 1.2, and a peak capacity of 20. As a proof of concept, the method was used to measure secretions from static incubations of human islets from 2 donors. Insulin and C-peptide were quantified and matched well with literature values of these hormones. We expect that this antibody-free quantitation of multiple hormones secreted from islets will provide insights into the temporal relationships of these peptides in the future.
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21
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Cardozo KHM, Lebkuchen A, Okai GG, Schuch RA, Viana LG, Olive AN, Lazari CDS, Fraga AM, Granato CFH, Pintão MCT, Carvalho VM. Establishing a mass spectrometry-based system for rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 in large clinical sample cohorts. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6201. [PMID: 33273458 PMCID: PMC7713649 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19925-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is pressing public health systems around the world, and large population testing is a key step to control this pandemic disease. Here, we develop a high-throughput targeted proteomics assay to detect SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein peptides directly from nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs. A modified magnetic particle-based proteomics approach implemented on a robotic liquid handler enables fully automated preparation of 96 samples within 4 hours. A TFC-MS system allows multiplexed analysis of 4 samples within 10 min, enabling the processing of more than 500 samples per day. We validate this method qualitatively (Tier 3) and quantitatively (Tier 1) using 985 specimens previously analyzed by real-time RT-PCR, and detect up to 84% of the positive cases with up to 97% specificity. The presented strategy has high sample stability and should be considered as an option for SARS-CoV-2 testing in large populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adriana Lebkuchen
- Division of Research and Development, Fleury Group, 04344-070, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luciana Godoy Viana
- Division of Research and Development, Fleury Group, 04344-070, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline Nogueira Olive
- Division of Research and Development, Fleury Group, 04344-070, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Maria Fraga
- Division of Research and Development, Fleury Group, 04344-070, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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22
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Tonry C, Finn S, Armstrong J, Pennington SR. Clinical proteomics for prostate cancer: understanding prostate cancer pathology and protein biomarkers for improved disease management. Clin Proteomics 2020; 17:41. [PMID: 33292167 PMCID: PMC7678104 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-020-09305-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Following the introduction of routine Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) screening in the early 1990's, Prostate Cancer (PCa) is often detected at an early stage. There are also a growing number of treatment options available and so the associated mortality rate is generally low. However, PCa is an extremely complex and heterogenous disease and many patients suffer disease recurrence following initial therapy. Disease recurrence commonly results in metastasis and metastatic PCa has an average survival rate of just 3-5 years. A significant problem in the clinical management of PCa is being able to differentiate between patients who will respond to standard therapies and those who may benefit from more aggressive intervention at an earlier stage. It is also acknowledged that for many men the disease is not life threatenting. Hence, there is a growing desire to identify patients who can be spared the significant side effects associated with PCa treatment until such time (if ever) their disease progresses to the point where treatment is required. To these important clinical needs, current biomarkers and clinical methods for patient stratification and personlised treatment are insufficient. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the complexities of PCa pathology and disease management. In this context it is possible to review current biomarkers and proteomic technologies that will support development of biomarker-driven decision tools to meet current important clinical needs. With such an in-depth understanding of disease pathology, the development of novel clinical biomarkers can proceed in an efficient and effective manner, such that they have a better chance of improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Tonry
- UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen Finn
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
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23
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Electrochemiluminescence behaviour of silver/ZnIn2S4/reduced graphene oxide composites quenched by Au@SiO2 nanoparticles for ultrasensitive insulin detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 162:112235. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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24
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Zhang N, An J, Qin H, Wang Y, Fang Z, Ji Y, Ye M. A Mass-Spectrometry-Based Antibody-Free Approach Enables the Quantification of D-Dimer in Plasma. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:3143-3152. [PMID: 32519545 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
D-dimer is an important marker of different coagulation diseases, such as venous thromboembolism (including deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism) and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Though it is frequently used in many clinical diagnostic situations, the D-dimer assays currently lack standardization due to its inherent heterogeneity which makes the antibody-based methods have different quantitative results and cutoffs to define an abnormal value. In this study, we report the first antibody-free D-dimer quantification method. In the method, a cross-linked peptide of fibrin D domain carboxyl terminal cross-linked by the factor XIIIa was used to represent the D-dimer. By using a filter-aided sample preparation and a nickel immobilized metal affinity chromatography enrichment strategy, the complexity of the plasma sample was significantly reduced, and the cross-linked peptide was enriched effectively for analysis with parallel reaction monitoring in mass spectrometry. The linear range of this method was 3.125-400 nmol/L which spans over two magnitudes. Recovery and reproducibility of the method were found to be good. To further demonstrate the performance of our method, D-dimer concentrations of 25 human plasma samples were analyzed, and the results had a good correlation between with the commercial D-dimer assay kit used in hospitals. This method was completely antibody-free and has the potential to promote the standardization of D-dimer analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun An
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Hongqiang Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zheng Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yinqun Ji
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dailan 116011, China
| | - Mingliang Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian 116023, China
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Bottinelli C, Cartiser N, Bévalot F, Fanton L, Guitton J. Is insulin intoxication still the perfect crime? Analysis and interpretation of postmortem insulin: review and perspectives in forensic toxicology. Crit Rev Toxicol 2020; 50:324-347. [PMID: 32458714 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2020.1762540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Insulin is an anabolic hormone essential to glucose homeostasis. Insulin therapy, comprising human insulin (HI) or biosynthetic analogs, is critical for the management of type-1 diabetes and many of type-2 diabetes. However, medication error including non-adapted dose and confusion of insulin type, and misuse, such as massive self-administration or with criminal intent, can have lethal consequences. The aim of this paper is to review the state of knowledge of insulin analysis in biological samples and of the interpretation of insulin concentrations in the situation of insulin-related death investigations. Analytic aspects are considered, as quantification can be strongly impacted by methodology. Immunoanalysis, the historical technique, has a prominent role due to its sensitivity and ease of implementation. Recently, liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry has provided indispensable selectivity in forensic contexts, distinguishing HI, analogs, and degradation products. We review the numerous antemortem (dose, associated pathology, injection-to-death interval, etc.) and postmortem parameters (in corpore degradation, in vitro degradation related to hemolysis, etc.) involved in the interpretation of insulin concentration. The interest and limitations of various alternative matrices providing a valuable complement to blood analysis are discussed. Vitreous humor is one of the most interesting, but the low diffusion of insulin in this matrix entails very low concentrations. Injection site analysis is relevant for identifying which type of insulin was administered. Muscle and renal cortex are matrices of particular interest, although additional studies are required. A table containing most case reports of fatal insulin poisoning published, with analytical data, completes this review. A logic diagram is proposed to highlight analytical issues and the main parameters to be considered for the interpretation of blood concentrations. Finally, it remains a challenge to provide reliable biological data and solid interpretation in the context of death related to insulin overdose. However, the progress of analytical tools is making the "perfect crime" ever more difficult to commit.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathalie Cartiser
- Département de médecine légale, Hôpital Edouard-Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Laurent Fanton
- Département de médecine légale, Hôpital Edouard-Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Faculté de médecine Lyon Est, Institut de Médecine Légale, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Jérôme Guitton
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie, ISPB-Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Laboratoire de Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Pierre Bénite Cedex, France
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26
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Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization in-source decay mass spectrometry analysis of human insulin and insulin analogues for the identification of insulin from insulin preparations. Forensic Toxicol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11419-020-00532-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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27
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Juère E, Caillard R, Marko D, Del Favero G, Kleitz F. Smart Protein-Based Formulation of Dendritic Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles: Toward Oral Delivery of Insulin. Chemistry 2020; 26:5195-5199. [PMID: 32057143 PMCID: PMC7217061 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Oral insulin administration still represents a paramount quest that almost a century of continuous research attempts did not suffice to fulfill. Before pre-clinical development, oral insulin products have first to be optimized in terms of encapsulation efficiency, protection against proteolysis, and intestinal permeation ability. With the use of dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles (DMSNs) as an insulin host and together with a protein-based excipient, succinylated β-lactoglobulin (BL), pH-responsive tablets permitted the shielding of insulin from early release/degradation in the stomach and mediated insulin permeation across the intestinal cellular membrane. Following an original in vitro cellular assay based on insulin starvation, direct cellular fluorescent visualization has evidenced how DMSNs could ensure the intestinal cellular transport of insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Juère
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry—Functional MaterialsFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Straße 421090ViennaAustria
| | - Romain Caillard
- Aventus Innovations4820 rue de la Pascaline, Suite 230G6W 0L9Levis (QC)Canada
| | - Doris Marko
- Department of Food Chemistry and ToxicologyFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Straße 38–401090ViennaAustria
| | - Giorgia Del Favero
- Department of Food Chemistry and ToxicologyFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Straße 38–401090ViennaAustria
| | - Freddy Kleitz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry—Functional MaterialsFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Straße 421090ViennaAustria
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28
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Thomas A, Yang R, Petring S, Bally L, Thevis M. Simplified quantification of insulin, its synthetic analogs and C‐peptide in human plasma by means of LC‐HRMS. Drug Test Anal 2020; 12:382-390. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.2765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Thomas
- Institute of Biochemistry/Center for Preventive Doping Research German Sport University Cologne Cologne Germany
| | - Rouxue Yang
- Institute of Biochemistry/Center for Preventive Doping Research German Sport University Cologne Cologne Germany
| | - Simon Petring
- Institute of Biochemistry/Center for Preventive Doping Research German Sport University Cologne Cologne Germany
| | - Lia Bally
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Nutritional Medicine, and Metabolism, Inselspital Bern University Hospital, University of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | - Mario Thevis
- Institute of Biochemistry/Center for Preventive Doping Research German Sport University Cologne Cologne Germany
- European Monitoring Center for Emerging Doping Agents (EuMoCEDA) Cologne/Bonn Germany
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29
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Nedelkov D, Hu Y. Complexity, cost, and content – three important factors for translation of clinical protein mass spectrometry tests, and the case for apolipoprotein C-III proteoform testing. Clin Chem Lab Med 2019; 58:858-863. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2019-0977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Complexity, cost, and content are three important factors that can impede translation of clinical protein mass spectrometry (MS) tests at a larger scale. Complexity stems from the many components/steps involved in bottom-up protein MS workflows, making them significantly more complicated than enzymatic immunoassays (EIA) that currently dominate clinical testing. This complexity inevitably leads to increased costs, which is detrimental in the price-competitive clinical marketplace. To successfully compete, new clinical protein MS tests need to offer something new and unique that EIAs cannot – a new content of proteoform detection. The preferred method for proteoform profiling is intact protein MS analysis, in which all proteins are measured as intact species thus allowing discovery of new proteoforms. To illustrate the importance of intact proteoform testing with MS and its potential clinical implications, we discuss here recent findings from multiple studies on the distribution of apolipoprotein C-III proteoforms and their correlations with key clinical measures of dyslipidemia. Such studies are only made possible with assays that are low in cost, avoid unnecessary complexity, and are unique in providing the content of proteoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dobrin Nedelkov
- Isoformix Inc. , 9830 S, 51st St. Suite B-113 , Phoenix AZ 85044 , USA , Phone: +1-602-295-4874
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30
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Abstract
The qualitative and quantitative determination of insulin and its related substances (e. g., C-peptide) is of great importance in many different areas of analytical chemistry. In particular, due to the steadily increasing prevalence of metabolic disorders such as diabetes mellitus, an adequate control of the circulating amount of insulin is desirable. In addition, also in forensics and doping control analysis, the determination of insulin in blood, urine or other biological matrices plays a major role. However, in order to establish general reference values for insulin and C-peptide for diabetology, the comparability of measured concentrations is indispensable. This has not yet been fully implemented, although enormous progress has been made in recent years, and the search for a "gold standard" method is still ongoing. In addition to established ligand-binding assays, an increasing number of mass-spectrometric methods have been developed and employed as the to-date available systems (for example, high-resolution/high accuracy mass spectrometers) provide the sensitivity required to determine analyte concentrations in the sub-ng/mL (sub-100pmol/L) level. Meanwhile, also high-throughput measurements have been realized to meet the requirement of testing a high number of samples in a short period of time. Further developments aim at enabling the online measurement of insulin in the blood with the help of an insulin sensor and, in the following, in addition to a brief review, today's state of the art testing developments are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Thomas
- Institute of Biochemistry/Center for Preventive Doping Research, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Mario Thevis
- Institute of Biochemistry/Center for Preventive Doping Research, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany; European Monitoring Center for Emerging Doping Agents (EuMoCEDA), Cologne/Bonn, Germany
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31
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Harney DJ, Hutchison AT, Su Z, Hatchwell L, Heilbronn LK, Hocking S, James DE, Larance M. Small-protein Enrichment Assay Enables the Rapid, Unbiased Analysis of Over 100 Low Abundance Factors from Human Plasma. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:1899-1915. [PMID: 31308252 PMCID: PMC6731089 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.tir119.001562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Unbiased and sensitive quantification of low abundance small proteins in human plasma (e.g. hormones, immune factors, metabolic regulators) remains an unmet need. These small protein factors are typically analyzed individually and using antibodies that can lack specificity. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics has the potential to address these problems, however the analysis of plasma by MS is plagued by the extremely large dynamic range of this body fluid, with protein abundances spanning at least 13 orders of magnitude. Here we describe an enrichment assay (SPEA), that greatly simplifies the plasma dynamic range problem by enriching small-proteins of 2-10 kDa, enabling the rapid, specific and sensitive quantification of >100 small-protein factors in a single untargeted LC-MS/MS acquisition. Applying this method to perform deep-proteome profiling of human plasma we identify C5ORF46 as a previously uncharacterized human plasma protein. We further demonstrate the reproducibility of our workflow for low abundance protein analysis using a stable-isotope labeled protein standard of insulin spiked into human plasma. SPEA provides the ability to study numerous important hormones in a single rapid assay, which we applied to study the intermittent fasting response and observed several unexpected changes including decreased plasma abundance of the iron homeostasis regulator hepcidin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan J Harney
- ‡Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Amy T Hutchison
- ¶Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Zhiduan Su
- ‡Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Luke Hatchwell
- ‡Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Samantha Hocking
- §Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - David E James
- ‡Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mark Larance
- ‡Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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32
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Selectivity enhanced cation exchange chromatography for simultaneous determination of peptide variants. Talanta 2019; 199:347-354. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.02.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Legg KM, Labay LM, Aiken SS, Logan BK. Validation of a Fully Automated Immunoaffinity Workflow for the Detection and Quantification of Insulin Analogs by LC–MS-MS in Postmortem Vitreous Humor. J Anal Toxicol 2019; 43:505-511. [DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkz014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The analysis of biological specimens collected at autopsy for the presence of exogenous insulin(s) is of special interest in select death investigations as they may be suspected in the cause of a death. Technical challenges include the limited stability of insulin, and the forensic requirement of differentiating endogenous insulin from pharmaceutical analogs. A novel method was developed for the detection and quantification of human insulin, Glulisine, Lispro, Aspart, Glargine and Detemir in vitreous fluid. An immunoaffinity extraction procedure is performed followed by separation of the insulin α- and β-chains. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis of the β-chain allows for the unequivocal identification of each insulin analog. The analytical measurement range for each insulin was 0.5–25 ng/mL. The method was evaluated for accuracy, precision, carryover, interferences and stability. Eight vitreous fluid samples collected from cases where untoward insulin use was suspected were subjected to analysis. Positive results were obtained from three samples, and a detailed case history is provided for one of these cases. Even though insulin instability in postmortem biological fluid remains a challenge, this method allows for a reliable forensic-level analysis in vitreous fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Legg
- The Center for Forensic Science Research and Education, 2300 Stratford Avenue, Willow Grove PA 19090, USA
| | | | - Sally S Aiken
- Spokane County Office of the Medical Examiner, 5901 N Lidgerwood St, Spokane WA 99208, USA
| | - Barry K Logan
- The Center for Forensic Science Research and Education, 2300 Stratford Avenue, Willow Grove PA 19090, USA
- NMS Labs, 3701 Welsh Rd, Willow Grove PA 19090, USA
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Hooshmand B, Rusanen M, Ngandu T, Leiviskä J, Sindi S, von Arnim CAF, Falkai P, Soininen H, Tuomilehto J, Kivipelto M. Serum Insulin and Cognitive Performance in Older Adults: A Longitudinal Study. Am J Med 2019; 132:367-373. [PMID: 30502316 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to examine the association of serum glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance with cognitive functioning 7 years later in a longitudinal population-based study of Finnish older adults. METHODS Serum glucose and insulin were measured at baseline in 269 dementia-free individuals aged 65-79 years, from the Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging, and Dementia (CAIDE) study. Insulin resistance was estimated with the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR). Participants were reexamined 7 years later, and global cognition, episodic memory, executive functioning, verbal expression, and psychomotor speed were assessed, both at baseline and at follow-up. Multiple linear regression was used to investigate the associations with cognitive performance at follow-up, after adjusting for several potential confounders, including common vascular risk factors. RESULTS In the multivariable-adjusted linear regression models, no associations of insulin resistance with cognitive functioning were observed. After excluding 19 incident dementia cases, higher baseline HOMA-IR values were related to worse performance in global cognition (β [standard error (SE)] -.050 [0.02]; P = .043) and psychomotor speed (β [SE] -.064 [.03]; P = [.043]) 7 years later. Raised serum insulin levels were associated with lower scores on global cognition (β [SE] -.054 [.03]; P = .045) and tended to relate to poorer performance in psychomotor speed (β [SE] -.061 [.03]; P = .070). CONCLUSIONS Serum insulin and insulin resistance may be independent predictors of cognitive performance 7 years later in elderly individuals without dementia. Randomized controlled trials are needed to determine this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Hooshmand
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology, Ulm University Hospital, Germany.
| | - Minna Rusanen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiia Ngandu
- Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Leiviskä
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Shireen Sindi
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Peter Falkai
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Hilkka Soininen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Neurocenter, Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Public Health, HJELT Institute, University of Helsinki, Finland; University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland; South Ostrobothnia Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland; Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Miia Kivipelto
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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35
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Abstract
Insulin is an important polypeptide hormone that regulates carbohydrate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiao Shen
- Department of Food Science
- Shenyang Agricultural University
- Shenyang
- China
| | - Witoon Prinyawiwatkul
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences
- Louisiana State University
- Agricultural Center
- Baton Rouge
- USA
| | - Zhimin Xu
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences
- Louisiana State University
- Agricultural Center
- Baton Rouge
- USA
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36
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Czuba E, Julien-David D, Engel T, Pinget M, Sigrist S, Marchioni E, Bergaentzlé M. Validation of a major modification of the mobile phase in the European Pharmacopoeia LC-UV human insulin assay. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2018.1514510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Czuba
- Centre Européen d’Etude du Diabète, UMR DIATHEC, EA 7294, Université de Strasbourg (UDS), Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Diane Julien-David
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Thomas Engel
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Michel Pinget
- Centre Européen d’Etude du Diabète, UMR DIATHEC, EA 7294, Université de Strasbourg (UDS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Séverine Sigrist
- Centre Européen d’Etude du Diabète, UMR DIATHEC, EA 7294, Université de Strasbourg (UDS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Eric Marchioni
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
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37
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Yin X, Baig F, Haudebourg E, Blankley RT, Gandhi T, Müller S, Reiter L, Hinterwirth H, Pechlaner R, Tsimikas S, Santer P, Willeit J, Kiechl S, Witztum JL, Sullivan A, Mayr M. Plasma Proteomics for Epidemiology: Increasing Throughput With Standard-Flow Rates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 10:CIRCGENETICS.117.001808. [PMID: 29237681 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.117.001808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mass spectrometry is selective and sensitive, permitting routine quantification of multiple plasma proteins. However, commonly used nanoflow liquid chromatography (LC) approaches hamper sample throughput, reproducibility, and robustness. For this reason, most publications using plasma proteomics to date are small in study size. METHODS AND RESULTS Here, we tested a standard-flow LC mass spectrometry (MS) method using multiple reaction monitoring for the application to large epidemiological cohorts. We have reduced the LC-MS run time to almost a third of the nanoflow LC-MS approach. On the basis of a comparison of the quantification of 100 plasma proteins in >1500 LC-MS runs, the SD range of the retention time during continuous operation was substantially lower with the standard-flow LC-MS (<0.05 minutes) compared with the nanoflow LC-MS method (0.26-0.44 minutes). In addition, the standard-flow LC method also offered less variation in protein measurements. However, 5× more sample volume was required to achieve similar sensitivity. Two different commercial multiple reaction monitoring kits and an antibody-based multiplexing kit were used to compare the apolipoprotein measurements in a subset of samples. In general, good agreement was observed between the 2 multiple reaction monitoring kits, but some of the multiple reaction monitoring-based measurements differed from antibody-based assays. CONCLUSIONS The multiplexing capability of LC-MS combined with a standard-flow method increases throughput and reduces the costs of large-scale protein measurements in epidemiological cohorts, but protein rather than peptide standards will be required for defined absolute proteoform quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoke Yin
- From the King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom (X.Y., F.B., E.H., H.H., M.M.); Agilent Technologies Ltd, Cheadle, United Kingdom (R.T.B., A.S.); Biognosys AG, Schlieren, Switzerland (T.G., S.M., L.R.); Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria (R.P., J.W., S.K.); School of Medicine, University of California San Diego (S.T., J.L.W.); and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Bruneck Hospital, Italy (P.S.)
| | - Ferheen Baig
- From the King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom (X.Y., F.B., E.H., H.H., M.M.); Agilent Technologies Ltd, Cheadle, United Kingdom (R.T.B., A.S.); Biognosys AG, Schlieren, Switzerland (T.G., S.M., L.R.); Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria (R.P., J.W., S.K.); School of Medicine, University of California San Diego (S.T., J.L.W.); and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Bruneck Hospital, Italy (P.S.)
| | - Eloi Haudebourg
- From the King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom (X.Y., F.B., E.H., H.H., M.M.); Agilent Technologies Ltd, Cheadle, United Kingdom (R.T.B., A.S.); Biognosys AG, Schlieren, Switzerland (T.G., S.M., L.R.); Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria (R.P., J.W., S.K.); School of Medicine, University of California San Diego (S.T., J.L.W.); and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Bruneck Hospital, Italy (P.S.)
| | - Richard T Blankley
- From the King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom (X.Y., F.B., E.H., H.H., M.M.); Agilent Technologies Ltd, Cheadle, United Kingdom (R.T.B., A.S.); Biognosys AG, Schlieren, Switzerland (T.G., S.M., L.R.); Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria (R.P., J.W., S.K.); School of Medicine, University of California San Diego (S.T., J.L.W.); and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Bruneck Hospital, Italy (P.S.)
| | - Tejas Gandhi
- From the King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom (X.Y., F.B., E.H., H.H., M.M.); Agilent Technologies Ltd, Cheadle, United Kingdom (R.T.B., A.S.); Biognosys AG, Schlieren, Switzerland (T.G., S.M., L.R.); Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria (R.P., J.W., S.K.); School of Medicine, University of California San Diego (S.T., J.L.W.); and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Bruneck Hospital, Italy (P.S.)
| | - Sebastian Müller
- From the King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom (X.Y., F.B., E.H., H.H., M.M.); Agilent Technologies Ltd, Cheadle, United Kingdom (R.T.B., A.S.); Biognosys AG, Schlieren, Switzerland (T.G., S.M., L.R.); Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria (R.P., J.W., S.K.); School of Medicine, University of California San Diego (S.T., J.L.W.); and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Bruneck Hospital, Italy (P.S.)
| | - Lukas Reiter
- From the King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom (X.Y., F.B., E.H., H.H., M.M.); Agilent Technologies Ltd, Cheadle, United Kingdom (R.T.B., A.S.); Biognosys AG, Schlieren, Switzerland (T.G., S.M., L.R.); Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria (R.P., J.W., S.K.); School of Medicine, University of California San Diego (S.T., J.L.W.); and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Bruneck Hospital, Italy (P.S.)
| | - Helmut Hinterwirth
- From the King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom (X.Y., F.B., E.H., H.H., M.M.); Agilent Technologies Ltd, Cheadle, United Kingdom (R.T.B., A.S.); Biognosys AG, Schlieren, Switzerland (T.G., S.M., L.R.); Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria (R.P., J.W., S.K.); School of Medicine, University of California San Diego (S.T., J.L.W.); and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Bruneck Hospital, Italy (P.S.)
| | - Raimund Pechlaner
- From the King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom (X.Y., F.B., E.H., H.H., M.M.); Agilent Technologies Ltd, Cheadle, United Kingdom (R.T.B., A.S.); Biognosys AG, Schlieren, Switzerland (T.G., S.M., L.R.); Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria (R.P., J.W., S.K.); School of Medicine, University of California San Diego (S.T., J.L.W.); and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Bruneck Hospital, Italy (P.S.)
| | - Sotirios Tsimikas
- From the King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom (X.Y., F.B., E.H., H.H., M.M.); Agilent Technologies Ltd, Cheadle, United Kingdom (R.T.B., A.S.); Biognosys AG, Schlieren, Switzerland (T.G., S.M., L.R.); Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria (R.P., J.W., S.K.); School of Medicine, University of California San Diego (S.T., J.L.W.); and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Bruneck Hospital, Italy (P.S.)
| | - Peter Santer
- From the King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom (X.Y., F.B., E.H., H.H., M.M.); Agilent Technologies Ltd, Cheadle, United Kingdom (R.T.B., A.S.); Biognosys AG, Schlieren, Switzerland (T.G., S.M., L.R.); Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria (R.P., J.W., S.K.); School of Medicine, University of California San Diego (S.T., J.L.W.); and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Bruneck Hospital, Italy (P.S.)
| | - Johann Willeit
- From the King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom (X.Y., F.B., E.H., H.H., M.M.); Agilent Technologies Ltd, Cheadle, United Kingdom (R.T.B., A.S.); Biognosys AG, Schlieren, Switzerland (T.G., S.M., L.R.); Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria (R.P., J.W., S.K.); School of Medicine, University of California San Diego (S.T., J.L.W.); and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Bruneck Hospital, Italy (P.S.)
| | - Stefan Kiechl
- From the King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom (X.Y., F.B., E.H., H.H., M.M.); Agilent Technologies Ltd, Cheadle, United Kingdom (R.T.B., A.S.); Biognosys AG, Schlieren, Switzerland (T.G., S.M., L.R.); Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria (R.P., J.W., S.K.); School of Medicine, University of California San Diego (S.T., J.L.W.); and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Bruneck Hospital, Italy (P.S.)
| | - Joseph L Witztum
- From the King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom (X.Y., F.B., E.H., H.H., M.M.); Agilent Technologies Ltd, Cheadle, United Kingdom (R.T.B., A.S.); Biognosys AG, Schlieren, Switzerland (T.G., S.M., L.R.); Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria (R.P., J.W., S.K.); School of Medicine, University of California San Diego (S.T., J.L.W.); and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Bruneck Hospital, Italy (P.S.)
| | - Anthony Sullivan
- From the King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom (X.Y., F.B., E.H., H.H., M.M.); Agilent Technologies Ltd, Cheadle, United Kingdom (R.T.B., A.S.); Biognosys AG, Schlieren, Switzerland (T.G., S.M., L.R.); Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria (R.P., J.W., S.K.); School of Medicine, University of California San Diego (S.T., J.L.W.); and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Bruneck Hospital, Italy (P.S.)
| | - Manuel Mayr
- From the King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom (X.Y., F.B., E.H., H.H., M.M.); Agilent Technologies Ltd, Cheadle, United Kingdom (R.T.B., A.S.); Biognosys AG, Schlieren, Switzerland (T.G., S.M., L.R.); Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria (R.P., J.W., S.K.); School of Medicine, University of California San Diego (S.T., J.L.W.); and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Bruneck Hospital, Italy (P.S.).
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Martini D, Biasini B, Zavaroni I, Bedogni G, Musci M, Pruneti C, Passeri G, Ventura M, Galli D, Mirandola P, Vitale M, Dei Cas A, Bonadonna RC, Del Rio D. Claimed effects, outcome variables and methods of measurement for health claims proposed under European Community Regulation 1924/2006 in the area of blood glucose and insulin concentrations. Acta Diabetol 2018; 55:391-404. [PMID: 29383587 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-017-1095-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Most requests for authorization to bear health claims under Articles 13(5) and 14 related to blood glucose and insulin concentration/regulation presented to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) receive a negative opinion. Reasons for such decisions are mainly ascribable to poor substantiation of the claimed effects. In this scenario, a project was carried out aiming at critically analysing the outcome variables (OVs) and methods of measurement (MMs) to be used to substantiate health claims, with the final purpose to improve the quality of applications provided by stakeholders to EFSA. This manuscript provides a position statement of the experts involved in the project, reporting the results of an investigation aimed to collect, collate and critically analyse the information relevant to claimed effects (CEs), OVs and MMs related to blood glucose and insulin levels and homoeostasis compliant with Regulation 1924/2006. The critical analysis of OVs and MMs was performed with the aid of the pertinent scientific literature and was aimed at defining their appropriateness (alone or in combination with others) to support a specific CE. The results can be used to properly select OVs and MMs in a randomized controlled trial, for an effective substantiation of the claims, using the reference method(s) whenever available. Moreover, results can help EFSA in updating the guidance for the scientific requirements of health claims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Martini
- The Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Medical School, Building A, Via Volturno 39, 43125, Parma, Italy
| | - Beatrice Biasini
- The Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, Department of Food Science, University of Parma, Medical School, Building A, Via Volturno 39, 43125, Parma, Italy
| | - Ivana Zavaroni
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giorgio Bedogni
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Liver Research Center, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Marilena Musci
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Carlo Pruneti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Clinical Psychology Unit, University of Parma, Medical School Building, Parma, Italy
| | - Giovanni Passeri
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Building Clinica Medica Generale, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Ventura
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Daniela Galli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Sport and Exercise Medicine Centre (SEM), University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Prisco Mirandola
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Sport and Exercise Medicine Centre (SEM), University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Vitale
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Sport and Exercise Medicine Centre (SEM), University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Alessandra Dei Cas
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Riccardo C Bonadonna
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- The Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Medical School, Building A, Via Volturno 39, 43125, Parma, Italy.
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Top-down mass spectrometric immunoassay for human insulin and its therapeutic analogs. J Proteomics 2018; 175:27-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Judák P, Van Eenoo P, Deventer K. Utilizing ELISA-plate based immunopurification and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the urinary detection of short- and long acting human insulin analogues. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 153:76-81. [PMID: 29462782 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The measurement of human insulin and its synthetic analogues in biological matrices has become increasingly important not only in clinical fields but also in doping control. The use of insulin and its analogues have been included in the list of prohibited substances published by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). This study describes a qualitative method for detection of insulin analogues (lispro, aspart, glulisine, glargine, degludec, detemir) in human urine. The sample preparation consists of a preconcentration step using ultrafiltration followed by an immunoaffinity extraction with an antibody precoated ELISA plate. The obtained extracts are analyzed by conventional high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). The limits of detection range between 10 pg/ml and 150 pg/ml. The applicability of the method was proven by the analysis of real urine samples obtained from diabetic patients treated with synthetic insulin analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Judák
- Ghent University, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Doping Control Laboratory, Technologiepark 30 B, B-9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium.
| | - Peter Van Eenoo
- Ghent University, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Doping Control Laboratory, Technologiepark 30 B, B-9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Koen Deventer
- Ghent University, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Doping Control Laboratory, Technologiepark 30 B, B-9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
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Forchielli ML, Bongiovanni F, Platé L, Piazza G, Puggioli C, D'Alise A, Bersani G. Insulin Instability in Parenteral Nutrition Admixtures. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2018; 42:907-912. [PMID: 30001464 DOI: 10.1002/jpen.1024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biosynthetic human recombinant short-acting insulin is added to parenteral nutrition (PN) admixtures to nourish glucose-intolerant patients. Insulin, however, is electrostatically attracted and inactivated by ethyl-vinyl-acetate (EVA) bags and filling system tubes. Our aim was to verify and quantify the presence of insulin in PN with and without intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE), just after addition (T0) until the infusion's end (T24). METHODS Four undiluted samples of 12 different PN complete admixtures (6 with ILE and 6 without), each containing 250 g of glucose in a 2000 mL volume, were taken and analyzed at T0 and T24 by an automated electrochemiluminescence immunoassay after the addition of biosynthetic human recombinant short-acting insulin at increasing doses (from 6 to 72 IU/bag) by an automated compounding device. Assay sensitivity was set at 2 μIU/mL. Admixtures with and without ILE were compared in terms of insulin-detected amounts at T0 and T24. RESULTS Regardless of the amount initially provided, insulin was missing in PN without ILE. In admixtures with ILE, the greater the insulin and ILE doses initially included, the higher the insulin availability at T0 and T24, both in absolute terms and as a percentage of the initial amount (from 3 to 81% at T0 and from 2.5 to 72.5% at T24). ILE may prevent insulin attraction to plastic surfaces. CONCLUSIONS Insulin is recovered in the presence of ILE in PN even though considerable amounts are untraceable. This aspect needs verification. Until then, insulin should safely be injected in a different manner in uncontrolled situations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Livia Platé
- Centralized Analysis Laboratory, Medical School, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Piazza
- Pharmacy Service, S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
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An immunocapture-LC-MS-based assay for serum SPINK1 allows simultaneous quantification and detection of SPINK1 variants. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:1679-1688. [PMID: 29318362 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0803-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor Kazal type 1 (SPINK1) is a 6420 Da peptide produced by the pancreas, but also by several other tissues and many tumors. Some mutations of the SPINK1 gene, like the one causing amino acid change N34S, have been shown to confer susceptibility to recurrent or chronic pancreatitis. Detection of such variants are therefore of clinical utility. So far SPINK1 variants have been determined by DNA techniques. We have developed and validated an immunocapture-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric (IC-LC-MS) assay for the detection and quantification of serum SPINK1, N34S-SPINK1, and P55S-SPINK1. We compared this method with a time-resolved immunofluorometric assay (TR-IFMA) for serum samples and primer extension analysis of DNA samples. We used serum and DNA samples from patients with acute pancreatitis, renal cell carcinoma, or benign urological conditions. With the help of a zygosity score calculated from the respective peak areas using the formula wild-type (wt) SPINK1/(variant SPINK1 + wt SPINK1), we were able to correctly characterize the heterozygotes and homozygotes from the samples with DNA information. The score was then used to characterize the apparent zygosity of the samples with no DNA characterization. The IC-LC-MS method for SPINK1 was linear over the concentration range 0.5-1000 μg/L. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) was 0.5 μg/L. The IC-LC-MS and the TR-IFMA assays showed good correlation. The median zygosity score was 1.00 (95% CI 0.98-1.01, n = 11), 0.55 (95% CI 0.43-0.61, n = 14), and 0.05 (range 0.04-0.07, n = 3) for individuals found to be wt, heterozygous, and homozygous, respectively, for the N34S-SPINK1 variant by DNA analysis. When DNA samples are not available, this assay facilitates identification of the N34S- and P55S-SPINK1 variants also in archival serum samples.
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Sakaguchi Y, Kinumi T, Takatsu A. Isotope-dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for sensitive quantification of human insulin in serum using derivatization-technique. Anal Biochem 2017; 537:26-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2017.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Judák P, Van Eenoo P, Deventer K. Adsorption effects of the doping relevant peptides Insulin Lispro, Synachten, TB-500 and GHRP 5. Anal Biochem 2017; 537:69-71. [PMID: 28887173 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The tendency of peptides to adsorb to surfaces can raise a concern in variety of analytical fields where the qualitative/quantitative measurement of low concentration analytes (ng/mL-pg/mL) is required. To demonstrate the importance of using the optimal glassware/plasticware, four doping relevant model peptides (GHRP 5, TB-500, Insulin Lispro, Synachten) were chosen and their recovery from various surfaces were evaluated. Our experiments showed that choosing expensive consumables with low-bind characteristics is not beneficial in all cases. A careful selection of the consumables based on the evaluation of the physico/chemical features of the peptide is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Judák
- Ghent University, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Doping Control Laboratory, Technologiepark 30 B, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium.
| | - Peter Van Eenoo
- Ghent University, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Doping Control Laboratory, Technologiepark 30 B, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Koen Deventer
- Ghent University, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Doping Control Laboratory, Technologiepark 30 B, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
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Xu Y, Sun L, Anderson M, Bélanger P, Trinh V, Lavallée P, Kantesaria B, Marcoux MJ, Breidinger S, Bateman KP, Goykhman D, Woolf EJ. Insulin glargine and its two active metabolites: A sensitive (16 pM) and robust simultaneous hybrid assay coupling immunoaffinity purification with LC–MS/MS to support biosimilar clinical studies. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1063:50-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Tohidi M, Arbab P, Ghasemi A. Assay-dependent variability of serum insulin concentrations: a comparison of eight assays. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2017; 77:122-129. [PMID: 28150502 DOI: 10.1080/00365513.2016.1278260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Although insulin measurement is essential for both clinical and research purposes, there is currently no reference method for insulin assays. The aim of this study was to compare results of serum insulin determined by a number of commercially available assays. We compared eight insulin assays by analyzing 165 serum samples. Assays included two chemiluminescence (Roche and DiaSorin), four ELISA (Tosoh, Mercodia, Monobind, and Diametra), and two IRMA (Izotop and BioSource) methods. Each assay was compared with the mean of all assay methods and Bland-Altman difference plots were used to measure agreement between each assay and overall mean. Least squared perpendicular distance regression analysis (Deming's method) was used to calculate slope and intercept for bias and also for each assay vs. mean of eight assays. Findings showed that the lowest and highest median insulin concentrations varied by a factor of 1.8. Maximum and minimum correlations with mean of assays were observed for Roche (0.992) and BioSource (0.844), respectively. Significant bias was observed in six assays. In pairwise comparisons of different assays, the highest and least mean differences were 7.78 μU/mL and -0.14 μU/mL, respectively. In conclusion, serum insulin measurement with different assays showed a maximum of 1.8-fold difference, a point that should be taken into consideration in the interpretation of circulating insulin levels in both clinical and research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Tohidi
- a Prevention of Metabolic Disorder Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Parvaneh Arbab
- a Prevention of Metabolic Disorder Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Asghar Ghasemi
- b Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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Multiple and Selective Reaction Monitoring Using Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer: Preclinical Large Cohort Analysis. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1410:249-64. [PMID: 26867749 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3524-6_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), sometimes referred to as selective reaction monitoring (SRM), is a mass spectrometry method that can target selective peptides for the detection and quantitation of a protein. Compared to traditional ELISA, MRM assays have a number of advantages including ease in multiplexing several proteins in the same assay and independence from the necessity for high-quality, expensive, and at times unreliable antibodies. Furthermore, MRM assays can be developed to quantify multiple proteoforms of a single protein allowing the quantification of allelic expression of a particular sequence polymorphism, protein isoform, as well as determining site occupancy of posttranslational modification(s). In this chapter, we describe our workflow for target peptide selection, assay optimization, and acquisition multiplexing. Our workflow is presented using the example of constrained MRM assays developed for the serum protein ApoL1 in its various proteoforms to highlight the specific technical considerations necessary for the difficult task of quantifying peptide targets based on highly specific amino acid sequences by MRM.
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Joshi T, Caswell A, Acharya S. A difficult case of recurrent hypoglycaemia: role of insulin assays in establishing the diagnosis. Diabet Med 2016; 33:e36-e39. [PMID: 27135190 DOI: 10.1111/dme.13146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin assays are designed to detect endogenous insulin, however, insulin assays produced by different manufacturers may detect exogenous recombinant insulin, with varying degrees of cross-reactivity between different assays. We report a fascinating and difficult case of recurrent hypoglycaemia, where the final diagnosis was established with the help of insulin assays using different platforms. CASE REPORT A 24-year-old female presented with recurrent hypoglycaemic episodes on a background of Type 1 diabetes mellitus and a completely resected synovial sarcoma of the right hip several years previously. She reported significant physical, sexual and emotional abuse leading to reduced appetite and weight loss. Despite withdrawing insulin therapy, she experienced profound hypoglycaemic episodes with detectable C-peptide and inappropriately elevated insulin levels, suggesting endogenous hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia; however, localization studies were negative and finally she was found to have exogenous hyperinsulinaemia after discordant insulin levels were detected using two different insulin assays. The C-peptide level was elevated as a result of stimulation by parenteral dextrose and was suppressed after dextrose was ceased. Her Type 1 diabetes mellitus was fabricated and she had factitious hypoglycaemia. CONCLUSIONS Factitious hypoglycemia is difficult to diagnose and treat. A low blood glucose level, suppressed C-peptide level and an inappropriately elevated insulin level is the classic finding. We were able to make a diagnosis in the present case after discordant insulin levels were detected on the two different insulin assays, signifying cross-reactivities of the recombinant insulin with the assays. A multidisciplinary team approach with psychiatric input is needed to treat such cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Joshi
- Department of Endocrinology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - A Caswell
- Department of Biochemistry, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - S Acharya
- Department of Endocrinology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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Visible-light driven photoelectrochemical immunosensor for insulin detection based on MWCNTs@SnS2@CdS nanocomposites. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 86:301-307. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.06.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Dobrin Nedelkov
- Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
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