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Wongkittichote P, Cho SH, Miller A, King K, Herbst ZM, Ren Z, Gelb MH, Hong X. Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Urinary Oligosaccharides and Glycoamino Acids for the Diagnosis of Mucopolysaccharidosis and Glycoproteinosis. Clin Chem 2024; 70:865-877. [PMID: 38597162 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvae043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) and glycoproteinosis are 2 groups of heterogenous lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) caused by defective degradation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and glycoproteins, respectively. Oligosaccharides and glycoamino acids have been recognized as biomarkers for MPS and glycoproteinosis. Given that both groups of LSDs have overlapping clinical features, a multiplexed assay capable of unambiguous subtyping is desired for accurate diagnosis, and potentially for severity stratification and treatment monitoring. METHODS Urinary oligosaccharides were derivatized with 3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazoline-5-one (PMP) and analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) together with the underivatized glycoamino acids. Novel biomarkers were identified with a semi-targeted approach with precursor mass scanning, the fragmentation pattern (if applicable), and the biochemical basis of the condition. RESULTS A UPLC-MS/MS analysis with improved chromatographic separation was developed. Novel biomarkers for MPS-IIIA, IIIB, IIIC, and VII were identified and validated. A total of 28 oligosaccharides, 2 glycoamino acids, and 2 ratios were selected as key diagnostic biomarkers. Validation studies including linearity, lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ), and precision were carried out with the assay performance meeting the required criteria. Age-specific reference ranges were collected. In the 76 untreated patients, unambiguous diagnosis was achieved with 100% sensitivity and specificity. Additionally, the levels of disease-specific biomarkers were substantially reduced in the treated patients. CONCLUSIONS A multiplexed UPLC-MS/MS assay for urinary oligosaccharides and glycoamino acids measurement was developed and validated. The assay is suitable for the accurate diagnosis and subtyping of MPS and glycoproteinosis, and potentially for severity stratification and monitoring response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parith Wongkittichote
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Se Hyun Cho
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Artis Miller
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kaitlyn King
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Zackary M Herbst
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Zhimei Ren
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Michael H Gelb
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Xinying Hong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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2
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Kho I, Demina EP, Pan X, Londono I, Cairo CW, Sturiale L, Palmigiano A, Messina A, Garozzo D, Ung RV, Mac-Way F, Bonneil É, Thibault P, Lemaire M, Morales CR, Pshezhetsky AV. Severe kidney dysfunction in sialidosis mice reveals an essential role for neuraminidase 1 in reabsorption. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e166470. [PMID: 37698928 PMCID: PMC10619504 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.166470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Sialidosis is an ultra-rare multisystemic lysosomal disease caused by mutations in the neuraminidase 1 (NEU1) gene. The severe type II form of the disease manifests with a prenatal/infantile or juvenile onset, bone abnormalities, severe neuropathology, and visceromegaly. A subset of these patients present with nephrosialidosis, characterized by abrupt onset of fulminant glomerular nephropathy. We studied the pathophysiological mechanism of the disease in 2 NEU1-deficient mouse models, a constitutive Neu1-knockout, Neu1ΔEx3, and a conditional phagocyte-specific knockout, Neu1Cx3cr1ΔEx3. Mice of both strains exhibited terminal urinary retention and severe kidney damage with elevated urinary albumin levels, loss of nephrons, renal fibrosis, presence of storage vacuoles, and dysmorphic mitochondria in the intraglomerular and tubular cells. Glycoprotein sialylation in glomeruli, proximal distal tubules, and distal tubules was drastically increased, including that of an endocytic reabsorption receptor megalin. The pool of megalin bearing O-linked glycans with terminal galactose residues, essential for protein targeting and activity, was reduced to below detection levels. Megalin levels were severely reduced, and the protein was directed to lysosomes instead of the apical membrane. Together, our results demonstrated that desialylation by NEU1 plays a crucial role in processing and cellular trafficking of megalin and that NEU1 deficiency in sialidosis impairs megalin-mediated protein reabsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikhui Kho
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ekaterina P. Demina
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Xuefang Pan
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Irene Londono
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Luisa Sturiale
- CNR, Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Catania, Italy
| | - Angelo Palmigiano
- CNR, Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Catania, Italy
| | - Angela Messina
- CNR, Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Catania, Italy
| | - Domenico Garozzo
- CNR, Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Catania, Italy
| | - Roth-Visal Ung
- CHU de Québec Research Center, L’Hôtel-Dieu de Québec Hospital, Faculty and Department of Medicine, University Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Fabrice Mac-Way
- CHU de Québec Research Center, L’Hôtel-Dieu de Québec Hospital, Faculty and Department of Medicine, University Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Éric Bonneil
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Pierre Thibault
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mathieu Lemaire
- Division of Nephrology, The Hospital for Sick Kids, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Cell Biology Program, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carlos R. Morales
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Alexey V. Pshezhetsky
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
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3
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Kell P, Sidhu R, Qian M, Mishra S, Nicoli ER, D'Souza P, Tifft CJ, Gross AL, Gray-Edwards HL, Martin DR, Sena-Esteves M, Dietzen DJ, Singh M, Luo J, Schaffer JE, Ory DS, Jiang X. A pentasaccharide for monitoring pharmacodynamic response to gene therapy in GM1 gangliosidosis. EBioMedicine 2023; 92:104627. [PMID: 37267847 PMCID: PMC10277919 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND GM1 gangliosidosis is a rare, fatal, neurodegenerative disease caused by mutations in the GLB1 gene and deficiency in β-galactosidase. Delay of symptom onset and increase in lifespan in a GM1 gangliosidosis cat model after adeno-associated viral (AAV) gene therapy treatment provide the basis for AAV gene therapy trials. The availability of validated biomarkers would greatly improve assessment of therapeutic efficacy. METHODS The liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to screen oligosaccharides as potential biomarkers for GM1 gangliosidosis. The structures of pentasaccharide biomarkers were determined with mass spectrometry, as well as chemical and enzymatic degradations. Comparison of LC-MS/MS data of endogenous and synthetic compounds confirmed the identification. The study samples were analyzed with fully validated LC-MS/MS methods. FINDINGS We identified two pentasaccharide biomarkers, H3N2a and H3N2b, that were elevated more than 18-fold in patient plasma, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and urine. Only H3N2b was detectable in the cat model, and it was negatively correlated with β-galactosidase activity. Following intravenous (IV) AAV9 gene therapy treatment, reduction of H3N2b was observed in central nervous system, urine, plasma, and CSF samples from the cat model and in urine, plasma, and CSF samples from a patient. Reduction of H3N2b accurately reflected normalization of neuropathology in the cat model and improvement of clinical outcomes in the patient. INTERPRETATIONS These results demonstrate that H3N2b is a useful pharmacodynamic biomarker to evaluate the efficacy of gene therapy for GM1 gangliosidosis. H3N2b will facilitate the translation of gene therapy from animal models to patients. FUNDING This work was supported by grants U01NS114156, R01HD060576, ZIAHG200409, and P30 DK020579 from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and a grant from National Tay-Sachs and Allied Diseases Association Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Kell
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Rohini Sidhu
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Mingxing Qian
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Sonali Mishra
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Elena-Raluca Nicoli
- Medical Genetics Branch and Office of the Clinical Director, NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Precilla D'Souza
- Medical Genetics Branch and Office of the Clinical Director, NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Office of the Clinical Director, NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Cynthia J Tifft
- Medical Genetics Branch and Office of the Clinical Director, NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Office of the Clinical Director, NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Amanda L Gross
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Heather L Gray-Edwards
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Douglas R Martin
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Miguel Sena-Esteves
- Department of Neurology, Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Dennis J Dietzen
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Manmilan Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Jingqin Luo
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jean E Schaffer
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Daniel S Ory
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Xuntian Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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Hong X, Pollard L, He M, Gelb MH, Wood TC. Multiplex tandem mass spectrometry enzymatic activity assay for the screening and diagnosis of Mucolipidosis type II and III. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2023; 35:100978. [PMID: 37275682 PMCID: PMC10233272 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2023.100978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucolipidosis type II and III (MLII/III) is caused by defects in the mannose-6-phosphate system, which is essential to target most of the lysosomal hydrolases to the lysosome. MLII/III patients present with marked elevations in the activities of most lysosomal enzymes in plasma, but their profiles in dried blood spots (DBS) have not been well described. In the current study, we measured the activities of 12 lysosomal enzymes in DBS, among which acid sphingomyelinase, iduronate-2-sulfatase, and alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase were significantly elevated in MLII/III patients when compared to random newborns. This sets the stage for using DBS to diagnose MLII/III. Furthermore, given an increasing number of lysosomal storage disorders are being included in the recommended uniform screening panel, our results also indicate that population-based newborn screening for MLII/III can be implemented with minimal efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinying Hong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Miao He
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael H. Gelb
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Timothy C. Wood
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus/Children's Hospital of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
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Xu M, Yang A, Xia J, Jiang J, Liu CF, Ye Z, Ma J, Yang S. Protein glycosylation in urine as a biomarker of diseases. Transl Res 2023; 253:95-107. [PMID: 35952983 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Human body fluids have become an indispensable resource for clinical research, diagnosis and prognosis. Urine is widely used to discover disease-specific glycoprotein biomarkers because of its recurrently non-invasive collection and disease-indicating properties. While urine is an unstable fluid in that its composition changes with ingested nutrients and further as it is excreted through micturition, urinary proteins are more stable and their abnormal glycosylation is associated with diseases. It is known that aberrant glycosylation can define tumor malignancy and indicate disease initiation and progression. However, a thorough and translational survey of urinary glycosylation in diseases has not been performed. In this article, we evaluate the clinical applications of urine, introduce methods for urine glycosylation analysis, and discuss urine glycoprotein biomarkers. We emphasize the importance of mining urinary glycoproteins and searching for disease-specific glycosylation in various diseases (including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, and viral infections). With advances in mass spectrometry-based glycomics/glycoproteomics/glycopeptidomics, characterization of disease-specific glycosylation will optimistically lead to the discovery of disease-related urinary biomarkers with better sensitivity and specificity in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Xu
- Center for Clinical Mass Spectrometry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Arthur Yang
- Center for Clinical Mass Spectrometry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Xia
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junhong Jiang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dushu Lake Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chun-Feng Liu
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Ye
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junfeng Ma
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia.
| | - Shuang Yang
- Center for Clinical Mass Spectrometry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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Hagemeijer MC, van den Bosch JC, Bongaerts M, Jacobs EH, van den Hout JMP, Oussoren E, Ruijter GJG. Analysis of urinary oligosaccharide excretion patterns by UHPLC/HRAM mass spectrometry for screening of lysosomal storage disorders. J Inherit Metab Dis 2023; 46:206-219. [PMID: 36752951 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Oligosaccharidoses, sphingolipidoses and mucolipidoses are lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) in which defective breakdown of glycan-side chains of glycosylated proteins and glycolipids leads to the accumulation of incompletely degraded oligosaccharides within lysosomes. In metabolic laboratories, these disorders are commonly diagnosed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) but more recently also mass spectrometry-based approaches have been published. To expand the possibilities to screen for these diseases, we developed an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) with a high-resolution accurate mass (HRAM) mass spectrometry (MS) screening platform, together with an open-source iterative bioinformatics pipeline. This pipeline generates comprehensive biomarker profiles and allows for extensive quality control (QC) monitoring. Using this platform, we were able to identify α-mannosidosis, β-mannosidosis, α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase deficiency, sialidosis, galactosialidosis, fucosidosis, aspartylglucosaminuria, GM1 gangliosidosis, GM2 gangliosidosis (M. Sandhoff) and mucolipidosis II/III in patient samples. Aberrant urinary oligosaccharide excretions were also detected for other disorders, including NGLY1 congenital disorder of deglycosylation, sialic acid storage disease, MPS type IV B and GSD II (Pompe disease). For the latter disorder, we identified heptahexose (Hex7), as a potential urinary biomarker, in addition to glucose tetrasaccharide (Glc4), for the diagnosis and monitoring of young onset cases of Pompe disease. Occasionally, so-called "neonate" biomarker profiles were observed in young patients, which were probably due to nutrition. Our UHPLC/HRAM-MS screening platform can easily be adopted in biochemical laboratories and allows for simple and robust screening and straightforward interpretation of the screening results to detect disorders in which aberrant oligosaccharides accumulate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marne C Hagemeijer
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen C van den Bosch
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel Bongaerts
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin H Jacobs
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna M P van den Hout
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esmee Oussoren
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - George J G Ruijter
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Blondel A, Kraoua I, Marcelino C, Khrouf W, Schlemmer D, Ganne B, Caillaud C, Fernández-Eulate G, Turki IBY, Dauriat B, Bonnefont-Rousselot D, Nadjar Y, Lamari F. Plasma G M2 ganglioside potential biomarker for diagnosis, prognosis and disease monitoring of GM2-Gangliosidosis. Mol Genet Metab 2023; 138:106983. [PMID: 36709536 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2022.106983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
GM2-Gangliosidosis are a group of inherited lysosomal storage pathologies characterized by a large accumulation of GM2 ganglioside in the lysosome. They are caused by mutation in HEXA or HEXB causing reduced or absent activity of a lysosomal β-hexosaminidase A, or mutation in GM2A causing defect in GM2 activator protein (GM2AP), an essential protein for the activity of the enzyme. Biochemical diagnosis relies on the measurement of β-hexosaminidases A and B activities, which is able to detect lysosomal enzyme deficiency but fails to identify defects in GM2AP. We developed a rapid, specific and sensitive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based method to measure simultaneously GM1, GM2, GM3 and GD3 molecular species. Gangliosides were analysed in plasma from 19 patients with GM2-Gangliosidosis: Tay-Sachs (n = 9), Sandhoff (n = 9) and AB variant of GM2-Gangliosidosis (n = 1) and compared to 20 age-matched controls. Among patients, 12 have a late adult-juvenile-onset and 7 have an infantile early-onset of the disease. Plasma GM2 molecular species were increased in all GM2-Gangliosidosis patients (19/19), including the patient with GM2A mutation, compared to control individuals and compared to patients with different other lysosomal storage diseases. GM234:1 and GM234:1/GM334:1 ratio discriminated patients from controls with 100% sensitivity and specificity. GM234:1 and GM234:1/GM334:1 were higher in patients with early-onset compared to those with late-onset of the disease, suggesting a relationship with severity. Longitudinal analysis in one adult with Tay-Sachs disease over 9 years showed a positive correlation of GM234:1 and GM234:1/GM334:1 ratio with age at sampling. We propose that plasma GM2 34:1 and its ratio to GM3 34:1 could be sensitive and specific biochemical diagnostic biomarkers for GM2-Gangliosidosis including AB variant and could be useful as a first line diagnostic test and potential biomarkers for monitoring upcoming therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Blondel
- Metabolic Biochemistry Department, Neurometabolic unit, DMU Biogem, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, AP-HP, Sorbonne University, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Ichraf Kraoua
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia; Neurology Department, LR18SP04, National Institute Mongi Ben Hamida of Neurology, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Chloé Marcelino
- Metabolic Biochemistry Department, Neurometabolic unit, DMU Biogem, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, AP-HP, Sorbonne University, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Walid Khrouf
- Metabolic Biochemistry Department, Neurometabolic unit, DMU Biogem, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, AP-HP, Sorbonne University, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Dimitri Schlemmer
- Metabolic Biochemistry Department, Neurometabolic unit, DMU Biogem, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, AP-HP, Sorbonne University, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Ganne
- Cytogenetic and Medical Genetic Department, Hôpital de la mère et de l'enfant, 87042 Limoges, France
| | - Catherine Caillaud
- Biochemistry, Metabolomics, and Proteomics Department, Necker Enfants Malades University Hospital, AP-HP, Center-Paris University, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Gorka Fernández-Eulate
- Neurology Department, Reference Center for Lysosomal Diseases, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, AP-HP Sorbonne University, 75013 Paris, France; Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151, BioSPC (ED562), Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Ilhem Ben Youssef Turki
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia; Neurology Department, LR18SP04, National Institute Mongi Ben Hamida of Neurology, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Benjamin Dauriat
- Cytogenetic and Medical Genetic Department, Hôpital de la mère et de l'enfant, 87042 Limoges, France
| | - Dominique Bonnefont-Rousselot
- Metabolic Biochemistry Department, Neurometabolic unit, DMU Biogem, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, AP-HP, Sorbonne University, 75013 Paris, France; Paris University, UTCBS, U 1022 Inserm, UMR 88 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Yann Nadjar
- Neurology Department, Reference Center for Lysosomal Diseases, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, AP-HP Sorbonne University, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Foudil Lamari
- Metabolic Biochemistry Department, Neurometabolic unit, DMU Biogem, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, AP-HP, Sorbonne University, 75013 Paris, France.
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Pančík F, Pakanová Z, Nemčovič M, Květoň F, Šalingová A, Hlavatá A, Kozmon S, Baráth P. Application of MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry for Non-invasive Diagnostics of Mucopolysaccharidosis IIIA. JOURNAL OF INBORN ERRORS OF METABOLISM AND SCREENING 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/2326-4594-jiems-2022-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Anna Šalingová
- Centre for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Slovak Republic
| | - Anna Hlavatá
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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9
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Shimada S, Ng BG, White AL, Nickander KK, Turgeon C, Liedtke KL, Lam CT, Font-Montgomery E, Lourenço CM, He M, Peck DS, Umaña LA, Uhles CL, Haynes D, Wheeler PG, Bamshad MJ, Nickerson DA, Cushing T, Gates R, Gomez-Ospina N, Byers HM, Scalco FB, Martinez NN, Sachdev R, Smith L, Poduri A, Malone S, Harris R, Scheffer IE, Rosenzweig SD, Adams DR, Gahl WA, Malicdan MCV, Raymond KM, Freeze HH, Wolfe LA. Clinical, biochemical and genetic characteristics of MOGS-CDG: a rare congenital disorder of glycosylation. J Med Genet 2022; 59:jmedgenet-2021-108177. [PMID: 35790351 PMCID: PMC9813274 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2021-108177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To summarise the clinical, molecular and biochemical phenotype of mannosyl-oligosaccharide glucosidase-related congenital disorders of glycosylation (MOGS-CDG), which presents with variable clinical manifestations, and to analyse which clinical biochemical assay consistently supports diagnosis in individuals with bi-allelic variants in MOGS. METHODS Phenotypic characterisation was performed through an international and multicentre collaboration. Genetic testing was done by exome sequencing and targeted arrays. Biochemical assays on serum and urine were performed to delineate the biochemical signature of MOGS-CDG. RESULTS Clinical phenotyping revealed heterogeneity in MOGS-CDG, including neurological, immunological and skeletal phenotypes. Bi-allelic variants in MOGS were identified in 12 individuals from 11 families. The severity in each organ system was variable, without definite genotype correlation. Urine oligosaccharide analysis was consistently abnormal for all affected probands, whereas other biochemical analyses such as serum transferrin analysis was not consistently abnormal. CONCLUSION The clinical phenotype of MOGS-CDG includes multisystemic involvement with variable severity. Molecular analysis, combined with biochemical testing, is important for diagnosis. In MOGS-CDG, urine oligosaccharide analysis via matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry can be used as a reliable biochemical test for screening and confirmation of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shino Shimada
- Medical Genetic Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Undiagnosed Diseases Program, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bobby G. Ng
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Amy L. White
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kim. K. Nickander
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Coleman Turgeon
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kristen L. Liedtke
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Christina T. Lam
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children’s Hospital and University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Charles M. Lourenço
- Faculdade de Medicina, Centro Universitario Estácio de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Neurogenetics Unit, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Miao He
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dawn S. Peck
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Luis A. Umaña
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Crescenda L. Uhles
- Department of Genetics, Children’s Medical Center Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Devon Haynes
- Division of Genetics, Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children, Orlando Health, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Patricia G. Wheeler
- Division of Genetics, Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children, Orlando Health, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Michael J. Bamshad
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Tom Cushing
- Division of Pediatric Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Ryan Gates
- Division of Medical Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Heather M. Byers
- Division of Medical Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Fernanda B. Scalco
- Laboratório de Erros Inatos do Metabolismo/LABEIM, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Bioquímica, Avenida Horácio Macedo, 1281, Bloco C, Polo de Química, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Noelia N. Martinez
- Center for Clinical Genetics, Sydney Children’s Hospital-Randwick, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rani Sachdev
- Center for Clinical Genetics, Sydney Children’s Hospital-Randwick, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Women’s & Children’s Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lacey Smith
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Annapurna Poduri
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen Malone
- Department of Neurosciences, Queensland Children’s Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rebekah Harris
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Ingrid E. Scheffer
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute and Florey Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sergio D. Rosenzweig
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, and Primary Immunodeficiency Clinic, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David R. Adams
- Medical Genetic Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Undiagnosed Diseases Program, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - William A. Gahl
- Medical Genetic Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Undiagnosed Diseases Program, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - May CV. Malicdan
- Medical Genetic Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Undiagnosed Diseases Program, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Senior authors and contributed equally
| | - Kimiyo M. Raymond
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
- Senior authors and contributed equally
| | - Hudson H. Freeze
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Senior authors and contributed equally
| | - Lynne A. Wolfe
- Medical Genetic Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Undiagnosed Diseases Program, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Senior authors and contributed equally
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10
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Increased levels of acidic free-N-glycans, including multi-antennary and fucosylated structures, in the urine of cancer patients. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266927. [PMID: 35413075 PMCID: PMC9004742 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported increased levels of urinary free-glycans in some cancer patients. Here, we focused on cancer related alterations in the levels of high molecular weight free-glycans. The rationale for this study was that branching, elongation, fucosylation and sialylation, which lead to increases in the molecular weight of glycans, are known to be up-regulated in cancer. Urine samples from patients with gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, cholangiocarcinoma and colorectal cancer and normal controls were analyzed. The extracted free-glycans were fluorescently labeled with 2-aminopyridine and analyzed by multi-step liquid chromatography. Comparison of the glycan profiles revealed increased levels of glycans in some cancer patients. Structural analysis of the glycans was carried out by performing chromatography and mass spectrometry together with enzymatic or chemical treatments. To compare glycan levels between samples with high sensitivity and selectivity, simultaneous measurements by reversed-phase liquid chromatography-selected ion monitoring of mass spectrometry were also performed. As a result, three lactose-core glycans and 78 free-N-glycans (one phosphorylated oligomannose-type, four sialylated hybrid-type and 73 bi-, tri- and tetra-antennary complex-type structures) were identified. Among them, glycans with α1,3-fucosylation ((+/− sialyl) Lewis X), triply α2,6-sialylated tri-antennary structures and/or a (Man3)GlcNAc1-core displayed elevated levels in cancer patients. However, simple α2,3-sialylation and α1,6-core-fucosylation did not appear to contribute to the observed increase in the level of glycans. Interestingly, one tri-antennary free-N-glycan that showed remarkable elevation in some cancer patients contained a unique Glcβ1-4GlcNAc-core instead of the common GlcNAc2-core at the reducing end. This study provides further insights into free-glycans as potential tumor markers and their processing pathways in cancer.
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11
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Pančík F, Pakanová Z, Květoň F, Baráth P. Diagnostics of lysosomal storage diseases by mass spectrometry: a review. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02153-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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12
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Occurrence of a D-arabinose-containing complex-type free-N-glycan in the urine of cancer patients. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4889. [PMID: 35318379 PMCID: PMC8941101 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08790-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary free-glycans are promising markers of disease. In this study, we attempted to identify novel tumor markers by focusing on neutral free-glycans in urine. Free-glycans extracted from the urine of normal subjects and cancer patients with gastric, colorectal, pancreatic and bile duct were fluorescently labeled with 2-aminopyridine. Profiles of these neutral free-glycans constructed using multidimensional high performance liquid chromatography separation were compared between normal controls and cancer patients. The analysis identified one glycan in the urine of cancer patients with a unique structure, which included a pentose residue. To reveal the glycan structure, the linkage fashion, monosaccharide species and enantiomer of the pentose were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry combined with several chemical treatments. The backbone of the glycan was a monoantennary complex-type free-N-glycan containing β1,4-branch. The pentose residue was attached to the antennal GlcNAc and released by α1,3/4-l-fucosidase. Intriguingly, the pentose residue was consistent with d-arabinose. Collectively, this glycan structure was determined to be Galβ1-4(d-Araβ1-3)GlcNAcβ1-4Manα1-3Manβ1-4GlcNAc-PA. Elevation of d-arabinose-containing free-glycans in the urine of cancer patients was confirmed by selected reaction monitoring. This is the first study to unequivocally show the occurrence of a d-arabinose-containing oligosaccharide in human together with its detailed structure.
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13
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Mak J, Cowan TM. Detecting lysosomal storage disorders by glycomic profiling using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Mol Genet Metab 2021; 134:43-52. [PMID: 34474962 PMCID: PMC9069563 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2021.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urine and plasma biomarker testing for lysosomal storage disorders by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) currently requires multiple analytical methods to detect the abnormal accumulation of oligosaccharides, mucopolysaccharides, and glycolipids. To improve clinical testing efficiency, we developed a single LC-MS method to simultaneously identify disorders of oligosaccharide, mucopolysaccharide, and glycolipid metabolism with minimal sample preparation. METHODS We created a single chromatographic method for separating free glycans and glycolipids in their native form, using an amide column and high pH conditions. We used this glycomic profiling method both in untargeted analyses of patient and control urines using LC ion-mobility high-resolution MS (biomarker discovery), and targeted analyses of urine, serum, and dried blood spot samples by LC-MS/MS (clinical validation). RESULTS Untargeted glycomic profiling revealed twenty biomarkers that could identify and subtype mucopolysaccharidoses. We incorporated these with known oligosaccharide and glycolipid biomarkers into a rapid test that identifies at least 27 lysosomal storage disorders, including oligosaccharidoses, mucopolysaccharidoses, sphingolipidoses, glycogen storage disorders, and congenital disorders of glycosylation and de-glycosylation. In a validation set containing 115 urine samples from patients with lysosomal storage disorders, all were unambiguously distinguished from normal controls, with correct disease subtyping for 88% (101/115) of cases. Glucosylsphingosine was reliably elevated in dried blood spots from Gaucher disease patients with baseline resolution from galactosylsphingosine. CONCLUSION Glycomic profiling by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry identifies a range of lysosomal storage disorders. This test can be used in clinical evaluations to rapidly focus a diagnosis, as well as to clarify or support additional gene sequencing and enzyme studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Mak
- Clinical Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Stanford Health Care, United States of America.
| | - Tina M Cowan
- Clinical Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Stanford Health Care, United States of America; Department of Pathology, Stanford University Medical Center, United States of America
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14
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Israr MZ, Bernieh D, Salzano A, Cassambai S, Yazaki Y, Suzuki T. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation (MALDI) mass spectrometry (MS): basics and clinical applications. Clin Chem Lab Med 2021; 58:883-896. [PMID: 32229653 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2019-0868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Background Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation (MALDI) mass spectrometry (MS) has been used for more than 30 years. Compared with other analytical techniques, it offers ease of use, high throughput, robustness, cost-effectiveness, rapid analysis and sensitivity. As advantages, current clinical techniques (e.g. immunoassays) are unable to directly measure the biomarker; rather, they measure secondary signals. MALDI-MS has been extensively researched for clinical applications, and it is set for a breakthrough as a routine tool for clinical diagnostics. Content This review reports on the principles of MALDI-MS and discusses current clinical applications and the future clinical prospects for MALDI-MS. Furthermore, the review assesses the limitations currently experienced in clinical assays, the advantages and the impact of MALDI-MS to transform clinical laboratories. Summary MALDI-MS is widely used in clinical microbiology for the screening of microbial isolates; however, there is scope to apply MALDI-MS in the diagnosis, prognosis, therapeutic drug monitoring and biopsy imaging in many diseases. Outlook There is considerable potential for MALDI-MS in clinic as a tool for screening, profiling and imaging because of its high sensitivity and specificity over alternative techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zubair Israr
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Dennis Bernieh
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Andrea Salzano
- IRCCS SDN, Diagnostic and Nuclear Research Institute, Naples, Italy
| | - Shabana Cassambai
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Yoshiyuki Yazaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Toru Suzuki
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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15
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Goodspeed K, Feng C, Laine M, Lund TC. Aspartylglucosaminuria: Clinical Presentation and Potential Therapies. J Child Neurol 2021; 36:403-414. [PMID: 33439067 DOI: 10.1177/0883073820980904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Aspartylglucosaminuria (AGU) is a recessively inherited neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disease characterized by progressive intellectual disability, skeletal abnormalities, connective tissue overgrowth, gait disturbance, and seizures followed by premature death. AGU is caused by pathogenic variants in the aspartylglucosaminidase (AGA) gene, leading to glycoasparagine accumulation and cellular dysfunction. Although more prevalent in the Finnish population, more than 30 AGA variants have been identified worldwide. Owing to its rarity, AGU may be largely underdiagnosed. Recognition of the following early clinical features may aid in AGU diagnosis: developmental delays, hyperactivity, early growth spurt, inguinal and abdominal hernias, clumsiness, characteristic facial features, recurring upper respiratory and ear infections, tonsillectomy, multiple sets of tympanostomy tube placement, and sleep problems. Although no curative therapies currently exist, early diagnosis may provide benefit through the provision of anticipatory guidance, management of expectations, early interventions, and prophylaxis; it will also be crucial for increased clinical benefits of future AGU disease-modifying therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Goodspeed
- 7067University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Minna Laine
- Division of Child Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Troy C Lund
- 5635University of Minnesota, Department of Pediatrics, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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16
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Wongkittichote P, Upchurch GM, Dehner LP, Wood T, Granadillo JL. Placental pathology in an unsuspected case of mucolipidosis type II with secondary hyperparathyroidism in a premature infant. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2021; 27:100747. [PMID: 33854947 PMCID: PMC8025142 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2021.100747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucolipidosis type II (MLII, MIM 252500) is a lysosomal storage disorders caused by defects in GNPTAB gene which encodes alpha and beta subunits of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc)-1-phosphotransferase. Neonatal presentation includes coarse facial features, restricted postnatal growth, generalized hypotonia, gingival hypertrophy and multiple skeletal anomalies. Here we present a case of a 26-week gestational age preterm infant with MLII who did not exhibit the typical facial features at birth; however, the diagnosis was suggested from abnormal placental pathology showing trophoblastic lipidosis and initial skeletal abnormalities from chest radiograph revealing generalized diffuse severe bone demineralizing disease and multiple fractures. Biochemical testing revealed elevation of plasma lysosomal enzymes. Homozygous pathogenic variant, designated c.3505_3504del, was discovered from GNPTAB sequencing. Her course was complicated by respiratory distress, secondary hyperparathyroidism, abdominal distention and feeding difficulties. Urine mucopolysaccharides analysis revealed mild elevation of total and individual glycosaminoglycan species in a non-specific pattern. To our knowledge, our case is the most premature example of mucolipidosis type II that has ever been reported to date. This report highlights the importance of placental pathological studies in the diagnosis of lysosomal storage disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parith Wongkittichote
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Garland Michael Upchurch
- Department of Pathology and Immunology (Lauren V. Ackerman Laboratory of Surgical Pathology), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Louis P Dehner
- Department of Pathology and Immunology (Lauren V. Ackerman Laboratory of Surgical Pathology), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Timothy Wood
- Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC, United States of America
| | - Jorge L Granadillo
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States of America
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17
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Dabaj I, Sudrié-Arnaud B, Lecoquierre F, Raymond K, Ducatez F, Guerrot AM, Snanoudj S, Coutant S, Saugier-Veber P, Marret S, Nicolas G, Tebani A, Bekri S. NGLY1 Deficiency: A Rare Newly Described Condition with a Typical Presentation. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11030187. [PMID: 33673403 PMCID: PMC7996810 DOI: 10.3390/life11030187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
NGLY1 deficiency is the first recognized autosomal recessive disorder of N-linked deglycosylation (NGLY1-CDDG). This severe multisystemic disease is still poorly known and, to date, most cases have been diagnosed through whole exome or genome sequencing. The aim of this study is to provide the clinical, biochemical and molecular description of the first NGLY1-CDDG patient from France along with a literature review. The index case presented with developmental delay, acquired microcephaly, hypotonia, alacrimia, feeding difficulty, and dysmorphic features. Given the complex clinical picture and the multisystemic involvement, a trio-based exome sequencing was conducted and urine oligosaccharides were assessed using mass spectrometry. The exome sequencing revealed a novel variant in the NGLY1 gene in a homozygous state. NGLY1 deficiency was confirmed by the identification of the Neu5Ac1Hex1GlcNAc1-Asn oligosaccharide in the urine of the patient. Literature review revealed the association of some key clinical and biological features such as global developmental delay-hypertransaminasemia, movement disorders, feeding difficulties and alacrima/hypolacrima.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Dabaj
- Department of Neonatal Pediatrics, Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, CHU Rouen, INSERM U1245, 76000 Rouen, France; (I.D.); (F.D.); (S.M.)
| | - Bénédicte Sudrié-Arnaud
- Department of Metabolic Biochemistry, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, CHU Rouen, INSERM U1245, 76000 Rouen, France; (B.S.-A.); (S.S.); (A.T.)
| | - François Lecoquierre
- Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders, FHU G4 Génomique, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, CHU Rouen, INSERM U1245, 76000 Rouen, France; (F.L.); (A.-M.G.); (S.C.); (P.S.-V.); (G.N.)
| | - Kimiyo Raymond
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA;
| | - Franklin Ducatez
- Department of Neonatal Pediatrics, Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, CHU Rouen, INSERM U1245, 76000 Rouen, France; (I.D.); (F.D.); (S.M.)
| | - Anne-Marie Guerrot
- Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders, FHU G4 Génomique, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, CHU Rouen, INSERM U1245, 76000 Rouen, France; (F.L.); (A.-M.G.); (S.C.); (P.S.-V.); (G.N.)
| | - Sarah Snanoudj
- Department of Metabolic Biochemistry, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, CHU Rouen, INSERM U1245, 76000 Rouen, France; (B.S.-A.); (S.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Sophie Coutant
- Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders, FHU G4 Génomique, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, CHU Rouen, INSERM U1245, 76000 Rouen, France; (F.L.); (A.-M.G.); (S.C.); (P.S.-V.); (G.N.)
| | - Pascale Saugier-Veber
- Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders, FHU G4 Génomique, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, CHU Rouen, INSERM U1245, 76000 Rouen, France; (F.L.); (A.-M.G.); (S.C.); (P.S.-V.); (G.N.)
| | - Stéphane Marret
- Department of Neonatal Pediatrics, Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, CHU Rouen, INSERM U1245, 76000 Rouen, France; (I.D.); (F.D.); (S.M.)
| | - Gaël Nicolas
- Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders, FHU G4 Génomique, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, CHU Rouen, INSERM U1245, 76000 Rouen, France; (F.L.); (A.-M.G.); (S.C.); (P.S.-V.); (G.N.)
| | - Abdellah Tebani
- Department of Metabolic Biochemistry, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, CHU Rouen, INSERM U1245, 76000 Rouen, France; (B.S.-A.); (S.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Soumeya Bekri
- Department of Metabolic Biochemistry, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, CHU Rouen, INSERM U1245, 76000 Rouen, France; (B.S.-A.); (S.S.); (A.T.)
- Correspondence:
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18
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Semeraro M, Sacchetti E, Deodato F, Coşkun T, Lay I, Catesini G, Olivieri G, Rizzo C, Boenzi S, Dionisi-Vici C. A new UHPLC-MS/MS method for the screening of urinary oligosaccharides expands the detection of storage disorders. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:24. [PMID: 33422100 PMCID: PMC7796585 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-020-01662-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oligosaccharidoses are storage disorders due to enzymatic defects involved in the breakdown of the oligosaccharidic component of glycosylated proteins. The defect cause the accumulation of oligosaccharides (OS) and, depending on the lacking enzyme, results in characteristic profiles which are helpful for the diagnosis. We developed a new tandem mass spectrometry method for the screening of urinary OS which was applied to identify a large panel of storage disorders. Methods The method was set-up in urine and dried urine spots (DUS). Samples were analysed, without derivatization and using maltoheptaose as internal standard, by UHPLC-MS/MS with MRM acquisition of target OS transitions, including Glc4, the biomarker of Pompe disease. The chromatographic run was < 30 min. Samples from patients with known storage disorders were used for clinical validation. Results The method allowed to confirm the diagnosis of oligosaccharidoses (sialidosis, α-/β-mannosidosis, fucosidosis, aspartylglucosaminuria) and of GM1 and GM2 (Sandhoff type) gangliosidosis, by detecting specific OS profiles. In other storage disorders (mucolipidosis II and III, mucopolysaccharidosis type IVB) the analyisis revealed abnormal OS excretion with non-specific profiles. Besides Pompe disease, the tetrasaccharide Glc4 was increased also in disorders of autophagy (Vici syndrome, Yunis-Varon syndrome, and Danon disease) presenting cardiomuscular involvement with glycogen storage. Overall, results showed a clear separation between patients and controls, both in urine and in DUS. Conclusion This new UHPLC/MS-MS method, which is suitable for rapid and easy screening of OS in urine and DUS, expands the detection of storage disorders from oligosaccharidoses to other diseases, including the novel category of inherited disorders of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Semeraro
- Division of Metabolism and Metabolic Diseases Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Viale San Paolo 15, 00146, Rome, Italy.
| | - Elisa Sacchetti
- Division of Metabolism and Metabolic Diseases Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Viale San Paolo 15, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Deodato
- Division of Metabolism and Metabolic Diseases Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Viale San Paolo 15, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Turgay Coşkun
- Metabolism Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Incilay Lay
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Hacettepe University Hospitals Clinical Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Giulio Catesini
- Division of Metabolism and Metabolic Diseases Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Viale San Paolo 15, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Olivieri
- Division of Metabolism and Metabolic Diseases Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Viale San Paolo 15, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiano Rizzo
- Division of Metabolism and Metabolic Diseases Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Viale San Paolo 15, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Boenzi
- Division of Metabolism and Metabolic Diseases Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Viale San Paolo 15, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Dionisi-Vici
- Division of Metabolism and Metabolic Diseases Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Viale San Paolo 15, 00146, Rome, Italy
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At-Risk Testing for Pompe Disease Using Dried Blood Spots: Lessons Learned for Newborn Screening. Int J Neonatal Screen 2020; 6:ijns6040096. [PMID: 33371305 PMCID: PMC7780922 DOI: 10.3390/ijns6040096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pompe disease (GSD II) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme acid-α-glucosidase (GAA, EC 3.2.1.20), leading to generalized accumulation of lysosomal glycogen especially in the heart, skeletal, and smooth muscle, and the nervous system. It is generally classified based on the age of onset as infantile (IOPD) presenting during the first year of life, and late onset (LOPD) when it presents afterwards. In our study, a cohort of 13,627 samples were tested between January 2017 and December 2018 for acid-α-glucosidase (GAA, EC 3.2.1.20) deficiency either by fluorometry or tandem mass spectrometry (MS). Testing was performed for patients who displayed conditions of unknown etiology, e.g., CK elevations or cardiomyopathy, in the case of infantile patients. On average 8% of samples showed activity below the reference range and were further assessed by another enzyme activity measurement or molecular genetic analysis. Pre-analytical conditions, like proper drying, greatly affect enzyme activity, and should be assessed with measurement of reference enzyme(s). In conclusion, at-risk testing can provide a good first step for the future introduction of newborn screening for Pompe disease. It yields immediate benefits for the patients regarding the availability and timeliness of the diagnosis. In addition, the laboratory can introduce the required methodology and gain insights in the evaluation of results in a lower throughput environment. Finally, awareness of such a rare condition is increased tremendously among local physicians which can aid in the introduction newborn screening.
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Hanzawa K, Tanaka-Okamoto M, Murakami H, Mukai M, Takahashi H, Omori T, Ikezawa K, Ohkawa K, Ohue M, Miyamoto Y. Investigation of acidic free-glycans in urine and their alteration in cancer. Glycobiology 2020; 31:391-409. [PMID: 33135073 PMCID: PMC8091460 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwaa100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations to glycans in cancer patients have been used to identify novel tumor biomarkers. Most of these studies have focused on protein glycosylation but less attention has been paid to free-glycans. Here, we analyzed acidic free-glycans in the urine of cancer patients to identify novel tumor marker candidates. Specifically, urine samples were collected from patients with gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer and cholangiocarcinoma as well as normal controls. The free-glycans were extracted from creatinine-adjusted urine and fluorescently labeled with 2-aminopyridine. Initially, we performed profiling of urinary free-glycans by high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry with enzymatic and chemical degradation. More than 100 glycans, including novel structures, were identified. The chromatographic peaks suggested some of these glycans were present at elevated levels in cancer patients. To verify cancer-associated alterations, we compared the glycan levels between cancer patients and normal controls by selected reaction monitoring. Representative structures of glycans with elevated levels in cancer patients included the following: small glycans related to sialyllactose; sialyl Lewis X; lactose- and N-acetyllactosamine (LacNAc) type-II-core glycans with LacNAc (type-I or II)-extensions and modifications of α1,3/4-fucose and/or 6-sulfate on the Glc/GlcNAc; free-N-glycans containing sialylation or β1,6-branch of 6-sulfo Lewis X; novel NeuAcα2-3Galβ1-4(+/−Fucα1-3) Xylα1-3Glc glycans. Our results provide further insight into urinary free-glycans and suggest the potential utility of these compounds as tumor markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Hanzawa
- Department of Molecular Biology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-8567, Japan
| | - Miki Tanaka-Okamoto
- Department of Molecular Biology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-8567, Japan
| | - Hiroko Murakami
- Department of Molecular Biology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-8567, Japan
| | - Mikio Mukai
- Department of Medical Checkup, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-8567, Japan
| | - Hidenori Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-8567, Japan
| | - Takeshi Omori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-8567, Japan
| | - Kenji Ikezawa
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-8567, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Ohkawa
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-8567, Japan
| | - Masayuki Ohue
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-8567, Japan
| | - Yasuhide Miyamoto
- Department of Molecular Biology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-8567, Japan
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Fan B, Zhou H, Wang Y, Zhao Z, Ren S, Xu L, Wu J, Yan H, Gao Z. Surface Siloxane-Modified Silica Materials Combined with Metal-Organic Frameworks as Novel MALDI Matrixes for the Detection of Low-MW Compounds. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:37793-37803. [PMID: 32691581 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c11404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Surface siloxane (3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane hydrolyzates)-modified silica materials were used as "initiators", which resulted in the release and desorption of intact molecules adsorbed on the surface of a matrix. A covalently cross-linked MIL-53(Al) material was used to enhance the ionization of analytes. Herein, we have provided an efficient matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) matrix strategy, which responded to both ion and laser irradiation with low background interference in the low-molecular-weight (MW) region. The matrixes MIL-53(Al), SBA-15@APTES, SiO2@APTES, SBA-15@APTES@MOF, and SiO2@APTES@MOF were synthetized and used for the analysis of a series of low-MW compounds to verify the effectiveness of the strategies. Compared to conventional matrixes, the surface-modified SBA-15@APTES@MOF and SiO2@APTES@MOF had low background, high sensitivity, extensive applicability, good stability, and ultrahigh tolerance of salt concentrations. The detection limits of standard analytes were determined to range from 0.1 to 1 × 10-5 mg/mL for 16 amino acids as well as citric acid, reserpine, tetraethylammonium chloride, melamine, bisphenol A, and malachite green. These results could help in designing more efficient nanostructure-initiator materials and further promote the application of MALDI-TOF MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyan Fan
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, College of Public Health, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Huanying Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Yonghui Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Zunquan Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Shuyue Ren
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Jin Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Hongyuan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, College of Public Health, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Zhixian Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
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Ng BG, Dastsooz H, Silawi M, Habibzadeh P, Jahan SB, Fard MAF, Halliday BJ, Raymond K, Ruzhnikov MRZ, Tabatabaei Z, Taghipour-Sheshdeh A, Brimble E, Robertson SP, Faghihi MA, Freeze HH. Expanding the molecular and clinical phenotypes of FUT8-CDG. J Inherit Metab Dis 2020; 43:871-879. [PMID: 32049367 PMCID: PMC7359201 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in the Golgi localised alpha 1,6 fucosyltransferase, FUT8, cause a rare inherited metabolic disorder known as FUT8-CDG. To date, only three affected individuals have been reported presenting with a constellation of symptoms including intrauterine growth restriction, severe delays in growth and development, other neurological impairments, significantly shortened limbs, respiratory complications, and shortened lifespan. Here, we report an additional four unrelated affected individuals homozygous for novel pathogenic variants in FUT8. Analysis of serum N-glycans revealed a complete lack of core fucosylation, an important diagnostic biomarker of FUT8-CDG. Our data expands both the molecular and clinical phenotypes of FUT8-CDG and highlights the importance of identifying a reliable biomarker for confirming potentially pathogenic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobby G. Ng
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Hassan Dastsooz
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Persian BayanGene Research and Training Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Silawi
- Persian BayanGene Research and Training Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Parham Habibzadeh
- Persian BayanGene Research and Training Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shima B. Jahan
- Persian BayanGene Research and Training Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad A. F. Fard
- Persian BayanGene Research and Training Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Benjamin J. Halliday
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Kimiyo Raymond
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Maura R. Z. Ruzhnikov
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, California
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Zahra Tabatabaei
- Persian BayanGene Research and Training Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Elise Brimble
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Stephen P. Robertson
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Mohammad A. Faghihi
- Persian BayanGene Research and Training Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Hudson H. Freeze
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
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Novel biomarkers for lysosomal storage disorders: Metabolomic and proteomic approaches. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 509:195-209. [PMID: 32561345 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are characterized by the accumulation of specific disease substrates inside the lysosomes of various cells, eventually leading to the deterioration of cellular function and multisystem organ damage. With the continuous discovery and validation of novel and advanced therapies for most LSDs, there is an urgent need to discover more versatile and clinically relevant biomarkers. The utility of these biomarkers should ideally extend beyond the screening and diagnosis of LSDs to the evaluation of disease severity and monitoring of therapy. Metabolomic and proteomic approaches provide the means to the discovery and validation of such novel biomarkers. This is achieved mainly through the application of various mass spectrometric techniques to common and easily accessible biological samples, such as plasma, urine and dried blood spots. In this review, we tried to summarize the complexity of the lysosomal disorders phenotypes, their current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, the various techniques supporting metabolomic and proteomic studies and finally we tried to explore the newly discovered biomarkers for most LSDs and their reported clinical values.
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Mashima R, Okuyama T, Ohira M. Biomarkers for Lysosomal Storage Disorders with an Emphasis on Mass Spectrometry. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082704. [PMID: 32295281 PMCID: PMC7215887 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are characterized by an accumulation of various substances, such as sphingolipids, mucopolysaccharides, and oligosaccharides. The LSD enzymes responsible for the catabolism are active at acidic pH in the lysosomal compartment. In addition to the classically established lysosomal degradation biochemistry, recent data have suggested that lysosome plays a key role in the autophagy where the fusion of autophagosome and lysosome facilitates the degradation of amino acids. A failure in the lysosomal function leads to a variety of manifestations, including neurovisceral disorders. While affected individuals appear to be normal at birth, they gradually become symptomatic in childhood. Biomarkers for each condition have been well-documented and their proper selection helps to perform accurate clinical diagnoses. Based on the natural history of disorders, it is now evident that the existing treatment becomes most effective when initiated during presymptomatic period. Neonatal screening provides such a platform for inborn error of metabolism in general and is now expanding to LSDs as well. These are implemented in some areas and countries, including Taiwan and the U.S. In this short review, we will discuss several issues on some selected biomarkers for LSDs involving Fabry, Niemann–Pick disease type C, mucopolysaccharidosis, and oligosaccharidosis, with a focus on mass spectrometry application to biomarker discovery and detection.
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Coleman CM, Ferreira D. Oligosaccharides and Complex Carbohydrates: A New Paradigm for Cranberry Bioactivity. Molecules 2020; 25:E881. [PMID: 32079271 PMCID: PMC7070526 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cranberry is a well-known functional food, but the compounds directly responsible for many of its reported health benefits remain unidentified. Complex carbohydrates, specifically xyloglucan and pectic oligosaccharides, are the newest recognized class of biologically active compounds identified in cranberry materials. Cranberry oligosaccharides have shown similar biological properties as other dietary oligosaccharides, including effects on bacterial adhesion, biofilm formation, and microbial growth. Immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activity has also been observed. Oligosaccharides may therefore be significant contributors to many of the health benefits associated with cranberry products. Soluble oligosaccharides are present at relatively high concentrations (~20% w/w or greater) in many cranberry materials, and yet their possible contributions to biological activity have remained unrecognized. This is partly due to the inherent difficulty of detecting these compounds without intentionally seeking them. Inconsistencies in product descriptions and terminology have led to additional confusion regarding cranberry product composition and the possible presence of oligosaccharides. This review will present our current understanding of cranberry oligosaccharides and will discuss their occurrence, structures, ADME, biological properties, and possible prebiotic effects for both gut and urinary tract microbiota. Our hope is that future investigators will consider these compounds as possible significant contributors to the observed biological effects of cranberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M. Coleman
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Division of Pharmacognosy, and the Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
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Mordaunt D, Cox D, Fuller M. Metabolomics to Improve the Diagnostic Efficiency of Inborn Errors of Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041195. [PMID: 32054038 PMCID: PMC7072749 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Early diagnosis of inborn errors of metabolism (IEM)—a large group of congenital disorders—is critical, given that many respond well to targeted therapy. Newborn screening programs successfully capture a proportion of patients enabling early recognition and prompt initiation of therapy. For others, the heterogeneity in clinical presentation often confuses diagnosis with more common conditions. In the absence of family history and following clinical suspicion, the laboratory diagnosis typically begins with broad screening tests to circumscribe specialised metabolite and/or enzyme assays to identify the specific IEM. Confirmation of the biochemical diagnosis is usually achieved by identifying pathogenic genetic variants that will also enable cascade testing for family members. Unsurprisingly, this diagnostic trajectory is too often a protracted and lengthy process resulting in delays in diagnosis and, importantly, therapeutic intervention for these rare conditions is also postponed. Implementation of mass spectrometry technologies coupled with the expanding field of metabolomics is changing the landscape of diagnosing IEM as numerous metabolites, as well as enzymes, can now be measured collectively on a single mass spectrometry-based platform. As the biochemical consequences of impaired metabolism continue to be elucidated, the measurement of secondary metabolites common across groups of IEM will facilitate algorithms to further increase the efficiency of diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Mordaunt
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology at Women’s and Children’s Hospital, 72 King William Road, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia; (D.M.); (D.C.)
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - David Cox
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology at Women’s and Children’s Hospital, 72 King William Road, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia; (D.M.); (D.C.)
| | - Maria Fuller
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology at Women’s and Children’s Hospital, 72 King William Road, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia; (D.M.); (D.C.)
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-8-8161-6741
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27
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Pino G, Conboy E, Tortorelli S, Minnich S, Nickander K, Lacey J, Peck D, Studinski A, White A, Gavrilov D, Rinaldo P, Matern D, Oglesbee D, Giugliani R, Burin M, Raymond K. Multiplex testing for the screening of lysosomal storage disease in urine: Sulfatides and glycosaminoglycan profiles in 40 cases of sulfatiduria. Mol Genet Metab 2020; 129:106-110. [PMID: 31753749 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2019.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe an efficient and effective multiplex screening strategy for sulfatide degradation disorders and mucolipidosis type II/III (MLII/III) using 3 mL of urine. METHODS Glycosaminoglycans were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight tandem mass spectrometry was used to identify free oligosaccharides and identify 22 ceramide trihexosides and 23 sulfatides, which are integrated by 670 calculated ratios. Collaborative Laboratory Integrated Reports (CLIR; https://clir.mayo.edu) was used for post-analytical interpretation of the complex metabolite profile and to aid in the differential diagnosis of abnormal results. RESULTS Multiplex analysis was performed on 25 sulfatiduria case samples and compiled with retrospective data from an additional 15 cases revealing unique patterns of biomarkers for each disorder of sulfatide degradation (MLD, MSD, and Saposin B deficiency) and for MLII/III, thus allowing the formulation of a novel algorithm for the biochemical diagnosis of these disorders. CONCLUSIONS Comprehensive and integrated urine screening could be very effective in the initial workup of patients suspected of having a lysosomal disorder as it covers disorders of sulfatide degradation and narrows down the differential diagnosis in patients with elevated glycosaminoglycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele Pino
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Erin Conboy
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Silvia Tortorelli
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sara Minnich
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kim Nickander
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jean Lacey
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Dawn Peck
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - April Studinski
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Amy White
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Dimitar Gavrilov
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Piero Rinaldo
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Dietrich Matern
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Devin Oglesbee
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Roberto Giugliani
- Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Maira Burin
- Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Kimiyo Raymond
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Arash-Kaps L, Komlosi K, Seegräber M, Diederich S, Paschke E, Amraoui Y, Beblo S, Dieckmann A, Smitka M, Hennermann JB. The Clinical and Molecular Spectrum of GM1 Gangliosidosis. J Pediatr 2019; 215:152-157.e3. [PMID: 31761138 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical presentation of patients with GM1 gangliosidosis and to determine whether specific clinical or biochemical signs could lead to a prompt diagnosis. STUDY DESIGN We retrospectively analyzed clinical, biochemical, and genetic data of 22 patients with GM1 gangliosidosis from 5 metabolic centers in Germany and Austria. RESULTS Eight patients were classified as infantile, 11 as late-infantile, and 3 as juvenile form. Delay of diagnosis was 6 ± 2.6 months in the infantile, 2.6 ± 3.79 years in the late-infantile, and 14 ± 3.48 years in the juvenile form. Coarse facial features, cherry red spots, and visceromegaly occurred only in patients with the infantile form. Patients with the late-infantile and juvenile forms presented with variable neurologic symptoms. Seventeen patients presented with dystonia and 14 with dysphagia. Laboratory analysis revealed an increased ASAT concentration (13/20), chitotriosidase activity (12/15), and pathologic urinary oligosaccharides (10/19). Genotype analyses revealed 23 causative or likely causative mutations in 19 patients, 7 of them being novel variants. In the majority, a clear genotype-phenotype correlation was found. CONCLUSIONS Diagnosis of GM1 gangliosidosis often is delayed, especially in patients with milder forms of the disease. GM1 gangliosidosis should be considered in patients with progressive neurodegeneration and spastic-dystonic movement disorders, even in the absence of visceral symptoms or cherry red spots. ASAT serum concentrations and chitotriosidase activity may be of value in screening for GM1 gangliosidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Arash-Kaps
- Villa Metabolica, Department of Pediatric and University Medical Center Mainz, Germany
| | - Katalin Komlosi
- Adolescent Medicine, and Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Mainz, Germany
| | - Marlene Seegräber
- Villa Metabolica, Department of Pediatric and University Medical Center Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan Diederich
- Adolescent Medicine, and Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Yasmina Amraoui
- Villa Metabolica, Department of Pediatric and University Medical Center Mainz, Germany
| | - Skadi Beblo
- Department of Women and Child Health, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Centre for Paediatric Research Leipzig (CPL), University Hospitals, University of Leipzig, Leipzig
| | - Andrea Dieckmann
- Center for Inborn Metabolic Disorders, Department of Neuropediatrics, Jena University Hospital, Jena
| | - Martin Smitka
- Neuropediatric Department, Carl Gustav Carus University Children's Hospital Dresden, Germany
| | - Julia B Hennermann
- Villa Metabolica, Department of Pediatric and University Medical Center Mainz, Germany
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29
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Lawrence R, Van Vleet JL, Mangini L, Harris A, Martin N, Clark W, Chandriani S, LeBowitz JH, Giugliani R, d'Azzo A, Yogalingam G, Crawford BE. Characterization of glycan substrates accumulating in GM1 Gangliosidosis. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2019; 21:100524. [PMID: 31720227 PMCID: PMC6838976 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2019.100524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction GM1 gangliosidosis is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder caused by the disruption of the GLB1 gene that encodes β-galactosidase, a lysosomal hydrolase that removes β-linked galactose from the non-reducing end of glycans. Deficiency of this catabolic enzyme leads to the lysosomal accumulation of GM1 and its asialo derivative GA1 in β-galactosidase deficient patients and animal models. In addition to GM1 and GA1, there are other glycoconjugates that contain β-linked galactose whose metabolites are substrates for β-galactosidase. For example, a number of N-linked glycan structures that have galactose at their non-reducing end have been shown to accumulate in GM1 gangliosidosis patient tissues and biological fluids. Objective In this study, we attempt to fully characterize the broad array of GLB1 substrates that require GLB1 for their lysosomal turnover. Results Using tandem mass spectrometry and glycan reductive isotope labeling with data-dependent mass spectrometry, we have confirmed the accumulation of glycolipids (GM1 and GA1) and N-linked glycans with terminal beta-linked galactose. We have also discovered a novel set of core 1 and 2 O-linked glycan metabolites, many of which are part of structurally-related isobaric series that accumulate in disease. In the brain of GLB1 null mice, the levels of these glycan metabolites increased along with those of both GM1 and GA1 as a function of age. In addition to brain tissue, we found elevated levels of both N-linked and O-linked glycan metabolites in a number of peripheral tissues and in urine. Both brain and urine samples from human GM1 gangliosidosis patients exhibited large increases in steady state levels for the same glycan metabolites, demonstrating their correlation with this disease in humans as well. Conclusions Our studies illustrate that GLB1 deficiency is not purely a ganglioside accumulation disorder, but instead a broad oligosaccharidosis that include representatives of many β-linked galactose containing glycans and glycoconjugates including glycolipids, N-linked glycans, and various O-linked glycans. Accounting for all β-galactosidase substrates that accumulate when this enzyme is deficient increases our understanding of this severe disorder by identifying metabolites that may drive certain aspects of the disease and may also serve as informative disease biomarkers to fully evaluate the efficacy of future therapies.
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Key Words
- A2G2, Oxford glycan naming designation for NA2 glycan
- BMP, Bis(monoacylglycero) phosphate
- Beta-galactosidase
- Disease biomarkers
- GLB1
- GLB1, β-galactosidase
- GM1 gangliosidosis
- GRIL-LC/MS, glycan reductive isotope labeling liquid chromatography mass spectrometry
- Gal, galactose
- GlcNAc, N-acetylglucosamine
- Glycan metabolites
- Glycoanalysis
- Hex, hexose
- HexNAc, N-acetylhexosamine
- KS, keratan sulfate
- MPS, mucopolysaccharidosis
- Man, mannose
- NRE, non-reducing end
- TIC, total ion current
- XIC, extracted ion current
- dp, degree of polymerization
- m/z, mass over charge
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Lawrence
- Research, BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, CA 94949, USA
| | | | - Linley Mangini
- Research, BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, CA 94949, USA
| | - Adam Harris
- Research, BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, CA 94949, USA
| | - Nathan Martin
- Research, BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, CA 94949, USA
| | - Wyatt Clark
- Research, BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, CA 94949, USA
| | | | | | - Roberto Giugliani
- Medical Genetics Service, HCPA, Department of Genetics, UFRGS, and INAGEMP, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alessandra d'Azzo
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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Glycomics in rare diseases: from diagnosis tomechanism. Transl Res 2019; 206:5-17. [PMID: 30423312 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Undiagnosed Diseases Program (UDP) studies rare genetic disorders not only to achieve diagnoses, but to understand human biology. To ascertain the contribution of protein glycosylation to rare diseases, the NIH UDP used mass spectrometry to agnostically identify abnormalities of N-linked and O-linked glycans in plasma and free oligosaccharides in the urine of 207 patients. 60% of UDP patients had a glycome profile that deviated from control values in at least 1 fluid. Additional evaluation of the fibroblast glycome in 66 patients with abnormalities in plasma and/or urine revealed a consistent glycome phenotype in 83% of these cases. Many of these patients may have secondary glycosylation defects, since it is unlikely that they all have congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDGs). In fact, whole exome sequencing revealed only a few patients with CDGs, along with several others having disorders indirectly altering glycosylation. In summary, we describe a biochemical phenotyping screen to identify defects in protein glycosylation that can elucidate mechanisms of disease among NIH UDP patients.
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Ortiz-González XR, Tintos-Hernández JA, Keller K, Li X, Foley AR, Bharucha-Goebel DX, Kessler SK, Yum SW, Crino PB, He M, Wallace DC, Bönnemann CG. Homozygous boricua TBCK mutation causes neurodegeneration and aberrant autophagy. Ann Neurol 2019; 83:153-165. [PMID: 29283439 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Autosomal-recessive mutations in TBCK cause intellectual disability of variable severity. Although the physiological function of TBCK remains unclear, loss-of-function mutations are associated with inhibition of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling. Given that mTORC1 signaling is known to regulate autophagy, we hypothesized that TBCK-encephalopathy patients with a neurodegenerative course have defects in autophagic-lysosomal dysfunction. METHODS Children (n = 8) of Puerto Rican (Boricua) descent affected with homozygous TBCK p.R126X mutations underwent extensive neurological phenotyping and neurophysiological studies. We quantified autophagosome content in TBCK-/- patient-derived fibroblasts by immunostaining and assayed autophagic markers by western assay. Free sialylated oligosaccharide profiles were assayed in patient's urine and fibroblasts. RESULTS The neurological phenotype of children with TBCK p.R126X mutations, which we call TBCK-encephaloneuronopathy (TBCKE), include congenital hypotonia, progressive motor neuronopathy, leukoencephalopathy, and epilepsy. Systemic features include coarse facies, dyslipidemia, and osteoporosis. TBCK-/- fibroblasts in vitro exhibit increased numbers of LC3+ autophagosomes and increased autophagic flux by immunoblots. Free oligosaccharide profiles in fibroblasts and urine of TBCKE patients differ from control fibroblasts and are ameliorated by treatment with the mTORC1 activator leucine. INTERPRETATION TBCKE is a clinically distinguishable syndrome with progressive central and peripheral nervous system dysfunction, consistently observed in patients with the p.R126X mutation. We provide evidence that inappropriate autophagy in the absence of cellular stressors may play a role in this disorder, and that mTORC1 activation may ameliorate the autophagic-lysosomal system dysfunction. Free oligosaccharide profiles could serve as a novel biomarker for this disorder as well as a tool to evaluate potential therapeutic interventions. Ann Neurol 2018;83:153-165.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xilma R Ortiz-González
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.,Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jesus A Tintos-Hernández
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.,Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kierstin Keller
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Xueli Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - A Reghan Foley
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Diana X Bharucha-Goebel
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.,Division of Neurology, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC
| | - Sudha K Kessler
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.,Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sabrina W Yum
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.,Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Peter B Crino
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Miao He
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Douglas C Wallace
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Carsten G Bönnemann
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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Gourdine JPF, Brush MH, Vasilevsky NA, Shefchek K, Köhler S, Matentzoglu N, Munoz-Torres MC, McMurry JA, Zhang XA, Robinson PN, Haendel MA. Representing glycophenotypes: semantic unification of glycobiology resources for disease discovery. Database (Oxford) 2019; 2019:baz114. [PMID: 31735951 PMCID: PMC6859258 DOI: 10.1093/database/baz114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
While abnormalities related to carbohydrates (glycans) are frequent for patients with rare and undiagnosed diseases as well as in many common diseases, these glycan-related phenotypes (glycophenotypes) are not well represented in knowledge bases (KBs). If glycan-related diseases were more robustly represented and curated with glycophenotypes, these could be used for molecular phenotyping to help to realize the goals of precision medicine. Diagnosis of rare diseases by computational cross-species comparison of genotype-phenotype data has been facilitated by leveraging ontological representations of clinical phenotypes, using Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO), and model organism ontologies such as Mammalian Phenotype Ontology (MP) in the context of the Monarch Initiative. In this article, we discuss the importance and complexity of glycobiology and review the structure of glycan-related content from existing KBs and biological ontologies. We show how semantically structuring knowledge about the annotation of glycophenotypes could enhance disease diagnosis, and propose a solution to integrate glycophenotypes and related diseases into the Unified Phenotype Ontology (uPheno), HPO, Monarch and other KBs. We encourage the community to practice good identifier hygiene for glycans in support of semantic analysis, and clinicians to add glycomics to their diagnostic analyses of rare diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe F Gourdine
- Oregon Clinical & Translational Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- OHSU Library, Oregon Health & Science University Library, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Monarch Initiative, monarchinitiative.org
| | - Matthew H Brush
- Oregon Clinical & Translational Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Monarch Initiative, monarchinitiative.org
| | - Nicole A Vasilevsky
- Oregon Clinical & Translational Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Monarch Initiative, monarchinitiative.org
| | - Kent Shefchek
- Monarch Initiative, monarchinitiative.org
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Sebastian Köhler
- Monarch Initiative, monarchinitiative.org
- Charité Centrum für Therapieforschung, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Nicolas Matentzoglu
- Monarch Initiative, monarchinitiative.org
- European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Monica C Munoz-Torres
- Monarch Initiative, monarchinitiative.org
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Julie A McMurry
- Monarch Initiative, monarchinitiative.org
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Xingmin Aaron Zhang
- Monarch Initiative, monarchinitiative.org
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Peter N Robinson
- Monarch Initiative, monarchinitiative.org
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Melissa A Haendel
- Oregon Clinical & Translational Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Monarch Initiative, monarchinitiative.org
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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Case study: monitoring of Glc4 tetrasaccharide in the urine of Pompe patients, use of MALDI-TOF MS, and 1H NMR. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-018-0623-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Huang R, Cathey S, Pollard L, Wood T. UPLC-MS/MS Analysis of Urinary Free Oligosaccharides for Lysosomal Storage Diseases: Diagnosis and Potential Treatment Monitoring. Clin Chem 2018; 64:1772-1779. [PMID: 30201803 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2018.289645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The glycoproteinoses are a subgroup of lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) resulting from impaired degradation of N-linked oligosaccharide side chains of glycoproteins, which are commonly screened by detecting the accumulated free oligosaccharides (FOSs) in urine via thin layer chromatography (TLC). The traditional TLC method suffers from limited analytical sensitivity and specificity and lacks quantification capability. Therefore, we developed an analytically sensitive and relatively specific assay using ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) for urinary FOS analysis and validated its use for urine screening of glycoproteinoses and other LSDs. METHODS Urine volumes equivalent to 30 μg of creatinine were derivatized with butyl-4-aminobenzoate and then purified through a solid-phase extraction cartridge. A 7-min UPLC-MS/MS analysis was performed on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer using an amide column for separation of derivatized FOS. Urine samples from >100 unaffected controls and 37 patients with various LSDs were studied. RESULTS Relative quantification was conducted on 7 selected FOSs using a single internal standard, which allowed the identification of patients with 1 of 8 different LSDs: aspartylglucosaminuria, α-fucosidosis, α-mannosidosis, β-mannosidosis, β-galactosidase deficiency, Sandhoff disease, sialidosis, and galactosialidosis. Patients treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplant show decreased FOS responses compared with untreated patients. CONCLUSIONS This UPLC-MS/MS assay offers a valuable tool for screening of glycoproteinoses and other LSDs, with potential use for future treatment monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Huang
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC
| | - Sara Cathey
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Greenwood Genetic Center, Charleston Office, North Charleston, SC
| | - Laura Pollard
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC
| | - Tim Wood
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC;
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2013-2014. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2018; 37:353-491. [PMID: 29687922 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This review is the eighth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2014. Topics covered in the first part of the review include general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation, and arrays. The second part of the review is devoted to applications to various structural types such as oligo- and poly- saccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides, and biopharmaceuticals. Much of this material is presented in tabular form. The third part of the review covers medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions, and applications to chemical synthesis. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 37:353-491, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom
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Hall PL, Lam C, Alexander JJ, Asif G, Berry GT, Ferreira C, Freeze HH, Gahl WA, Nickander KK, Sharer JD, Watson CM, Wolfe L, Raymond KM. Urine oligosaccharide screening by MALDI-TOF for the identification of NGLY1 deficiency. Mol Genet Metab 2018; 124:82-86. [PMID: 29550355 PMCID: PMC10508399 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
N-glycanase deficiency (NGLY1 deficiency, NGLY1-CDDG), the first autosomal recessive congenital disorder of N-linked deglycosylation (CDDG), is caused by pathogenic variants in NGLY1. The majority of affected individuals have been identified using exome or genome sequencing. To date, no reliable, clinically available biomarkers have been identified. Urine oligosaccharide analysis was included as part of a routine evaluation for possible biomarkers in patients with confirmed NGLY1-CDDG. During the qualitative review of oligosaccharide profiles by an experienced laboratory director an abnormal analyte with a proposed structure of Neu5Ac1Hex1GlcNAc1-Asn was identified in NGLY1-CDDG patient urine samples. The same species has been observed in profiles from individuals affected with aspartylglucosaminuria, although the complete spectra are not identical. Additional studies using tandem mass spectrometry confirmed the analyte's structure. In addition to the known NGLY1-CDDG patients identified by this analysis, a single case was identified in a population referred for clinical testing who subsequently had a diagnosis of NGLY1-CDDG confirmed by molecular testing. Urine oligosaccharide screening by MALDI-TOF MS can identify individuals with NGLY1-CDDG. In addition, this potential biomarker might also be used to monitor the effectiveness of therapeutic options as they become available.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina Lam
- Medical Genetics Branch, NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA; Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA; Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - John J Alexander
- EGL Genetic Diagnostics, LLC, Tucker, GA, USA; Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ghazia Asif
- EGL Genetic Diagnostics, LLC, Tucker, GA, USA
| | - Gerard T Berry
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carlos Ferreira
- Medical Genetics Branch, NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA; Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Hudson H Freeze
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - William A Gahl
- Medical Genetics Branch, NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA; Office of the Clinical Director, NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA; NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Kim K Nickander
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jon D Sharer
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Lynne Wolfe
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Kimiyo M Raymond
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
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Piraud M, Pettazzoni M, Menegaut L, Caillaud C, Nadjar Y, Vianey-Saban C, Froissart R. Development of a new tandem mass spectrometry method for urine and amniotic fluid screening of oligosaccharidoses. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2017; 31:951-963. [PMID: 28370531 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The first step in the diagnosis of oligosaccharidoses is to evidence abnormal oligosaccharides excreted in urine, usually performed by the poorly sensitive but efficient thin layer chromatography (TLC) method. Developing a tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) technique could be of great interest to replace TLC. METHODS Abnormal underivatized oligosaccharides have been recently studied using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, allowing the unambiguous identification of oligosaccharidoses. Based on this previous work, we developed an advantageous and efficient liquid chromatography (LC)/MS/MS method using a more common triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer for oligosaccharides analysis. RESULTS Oligosaccharidoses (n = 97) and control (n = 240) urine samples were analysed. A specific pattern was obtained for each oligosaccharidosis using this method. In urine, it allows not only the identification of all the oligosaccharidoses previously identified by TLC (fucosidosis, alphamannosidosis, aspartylglucosaminuria, GM1 gangliosidosis, sialidosis, galactosialidosis and Schindler disease), but also extends the field of diagnosis to mucolipidosis type II, Sandhoff disease, and β-mannosidosis. The same technique was applied to 16 amniotic fluid supernatants from oligosaccharidosis-affected foetuses (n = 16) compared with 37 unaffected. All the affected foetuses could be clearly identified: sialidosis (n = 3), galactosialidosis (n = 4), aspartylglucosaminuria (n = 1), mucolipidosis type II (n = 4) or GM1 gangliosidosis (n = 4). This technique can be applied to early prenatal diagnosis as well as to the oligosaccharidosis screening in the case of non-immune hydrops fetalis. CONCLUSIONS The method is quick and easy to run, with an LC analysis time of 13 min per sample. The quantitative validation could not be obtained in the absence of a specific standard and of a labelled internal standard for each compound. Even if this LC/MS/MS method is only qualitative, it is very specific and much more sensitive than TLC. It allows the urinary screening of oligosaccharidoses, even mild or late-onset forms, and the screening of antenatal forms in amniotic fluid. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Piraud
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire Grand Est, UM Pathologies Métaboliques, Erythrocytaires et Dépistage Périnatal, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | - Magali Pettazzoni
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire Grand Est, UM Pathologies Métaboliques, Erythrocytaires et Dépistage Périnatal, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | - Louise Menegaut
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire Grand Est, UM Pathologies Métaboliques, Erythrocytaires et Dépistage Périnatal, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire François Mitterrand, Dijon, France
| | - Catherine Caillaud
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Métabolomique et Protéomique, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France ; Unité INSERM 1151, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Yann Nadjar
- Département de Neurologie, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtriére, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, France
| | - Christine Vianey-Saban
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire Grand Est, UM Pathologies Métaboliques, Erythrocytaires et Dépistage Périnatal, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
- Unité INSERM U1060, Laboratoire CarMeN, Université Lyon-1, Lyon, France
| | - Roseline Froissart
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire Grand Est, UM Pathologies Métaboliques, Erythrocytaires et Dépistage Périnatal, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
- UMR 5305 CNRS/UCBL, Lyon, France
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GM2 Activator Deficiency Caused by a Homozygous Exon 2 Deletion in GM2A. JIMD Rep 2017. [PMID: 28540636 DOI: 10.1007/8904_2017_31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] Open
Abstract
GM2 activator (GM2A) deficiency (OMIM 613109) is a rare lysosomal storage disorder, with onset typically in infancy or early childhood. Clinically, it is almost indistinguishable from Tay-Sachs disease (OMIM 272800) or Sandhoff disease (OMIM 268800); however, traditionally available biochemical screening tests will most likely reveal normal results. We report a 2-year-old male with initially normal development until the age of 9 months, when he presented with developmental delay and regression. Workup at that time was unrevealing; at 15 months, he had abnormal brain MRI findings and a cherry red spot on ophthalmological examination. Family history and all laboratory studies were uninformative. The combination of a cherry red spot and developmental regression was strongly suggestive of a lysosomal storage disorder. Sequence analysis of GM2A did not reveal any pathogenic variants; however, exon 2 of GM2A could not be amplified by PCR, raising suspicion for a large, homozygous deletion. Subsequent copy number analysis confirmed a homozygous deletion of exon 2 in GM2A. This is the first reported case of GM2A deficiency being caused by a whole exon deletion. We describe previously unreported electron microscopy findings in this disease, thus expanding the clinical and variant spectrum for GM2 activator deficiency. These findings demonstrate the increased degree of suspicion required for diagnosis of this rare disorder. Brief Summary: This case of GM2 activator deficiency was caused by a homozygous deletion in GM2A, demonstrating the need to include exon level copy number analysis in any workup to fully exclude this disorder.
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Yamamoto T, Shimojima K, Matsufuji M, Mashima R, Sakai E, Okuyama T. Aspartylglucosaminuria caused by a novel homozygous mutation in the AGA gene was identified by an exome-first approach in a patient from Japan. Brain Dev 2017; 39:422-425. [PMID: 28063748 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aspartylglucosaminuria (AGU) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder caused by a deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme, aspartylglucosaminidase (AGA). This disorder is rare in the general population except in Finland. Since the most characteristic feature of this disorder is a progressive developmental regression, patients often show no specific symptoms in the initial stages, and thus early diagnosis is often challenging. CASE REPORT We encountered a 16-year-old boy who began to show difficulties in his speech at the age of 6years. Due to a mild regression in his development, he gradually lost common daily abilities. His diagnosis was first obtained through exome sequencing that identified a novel homozygous mutation in the AGA gene. This result was reasonable because of parental consanguinity. Reduced enzymatic activity of AGA was then confirmed. His urine was retrospectively screened by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and a specific pattern of abnormal metabolites was identified. CONCLUSIONS Because both exome sequencing and MALDI-TOF-MS screening are adaptable and comprehensive, future combinatory use of these methods would be useful for diagnosis of rare inborn errors of metabolism such as AGU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Yamamoto
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan; Institute for Integrated Medical Sciences, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Keiko Shimojima
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan; Institute for Integrated Medical Sciences, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayumi Matsufuji
- Department of Pediatrics, Minami Kyushu National Hospital, Aira, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Mashima
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eri Sakai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Torayuki Okuyama
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan; Center for Lysosomal Storage Diseases, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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Gałęzowska G, Cieszynska-Semenowicz M, Okrągła E, Szychowska K, Wolska L. Progress in Analytical Techniques for Determination of Urine Components. SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2017.1281826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Grażyna Gałęzowska
- Department of Environment Toxicology, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Emilia Okrągła
- Department of Environment Toxicology, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Szychowska
- Department of Environment Toxicology, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Lidia Wolska
- Department of Environment Toxicology, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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Abstract
Aspartylglucosaminuria (AGU), a recessively inherited lysosomal storage disease, is the most common disorder of glycoprotein degradation with a high prevalence in the Finnish population. It is a lifelong condition affecting on the patient's appearance, cognition, adaptive skills, physical growth, personality, body structure, and health. An infantile growth spurt and development of macrocephalia associated to hernias and respiratory infections are the key signs to an early identification of AGU. Progressive intellectual and physical disability is the main symptom leading to death usually before the age of 50 years.The disease is caused by the deficient activity of the lysosomal enzyme glycosylasparaginase (aspartylglucosaminidase, AGA), which leads to a disorder in the degradation of glycoasparagines - aspartylglucosamine or other glycoconjugates with an aspartylglucosamine moiety at their reducing end - and accumulation of these undegraded glycoasparagines in tissues and body fluids. A single nucleotide change in the AGA gene resulting in a cysteine to serine substitution (C163S) in the AGA enzyme protein causes the deficiency of the glycosylasparaginase activity in the Finnish population. Homozygosity for the single nucleotide change causing the C163S mutation is responsible for 98% of the AGU cases in Finland simplifying the carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis of the disorder in the Finnish population. A mouse strain, which completely lacks the Aga activity has been generated through targeted disruption of the Aga gene in embryonic stem cells. These Aga-deficient mice share most of the clinical, histopathologic and biochemical characteristics of human AGU disease. Treatment of AGU mice with recombinant AGA resulted in rapid correction of the pathophysiologic characteristics of AGU in non-neuronal tissues of the animals. The accumulation of aspartylglucosamine was reduced by up to 40% in the brain tissue of the animals depending on the age of the animals and the therapeutic protocol. Enzyme replacement trials on human AGU patients have not been reported so far. Allogenic stem cell transplantation has not proved effective in curing AGU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Arvio
- Päijät-Häme Social Welfare & Healthcare Joint Municipal Board, Lahti, Finland. .,KTO, The Special Welfare District of Southwestern Finland, Paimio, Finland. .,PEDEGO Research Unit, Oulu University Hospital, Finland, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Ilkka Mononen
- Newborn Screening Center Finland, Saske, Turku University Central Hospital, Turku, Finland.,The Joint Clinical Chemistry Laboratory at Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Turku, PO Box 52, FIN-20521, Turku, Finland
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Loke I, Kolarich D, Packer NH, Thaysen-Andersen M. Emerging roles of protein mannosylation in inflammation and infection. Mol Aspects Med 2016; 51:31-55. [PMID: 27086127 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Proteins are frequently modified by complex carbohydrates (glycans) that play central roles in maintaining the structural and functional integrity of cells and tissues in humans and lower organisms. Mannose forms an essential building block of protein glycosylation, and its functional involvement as components of larger and diverse α-mannosidic glycoepitopes in important intra- and intercellular glycoimmunological processes is gaining recognition. With a focus on the mannose-rich asparagine (N-linked) glycosylation type, this review summarises the increasing volume of literature covering human and non-human protein mannosylation, including their structures, biosynthesis and spatiotemporal expression. The review also covers their known interactions with specialised host and microbial mannose-recognising C-type lectin receptors (mrCLRs) and antibodies (mrAbs) during inflammation and pathogen infection. Advances in molecular mapping technologies have recently revealed novel immuno-centric mannose-terminating truncated N-glycans, termed paucimannosylation, on human proteins. The cellular presentation of α-mannosidic glycoepitopes on N-glycoproteins appears tightly regulated; α-mannose determinants are relative rare glycoepitopes in physiological extracellular environments, but may be actively secreted or leaked from cells to transmit potent signals when required. Simultaneously, our understanding of the molecular basis on the recognition of mannosidic epitopes by mrCLRs including DC-SIGN, mannose receptor, mannose binding lectin and mrAb is rapidly advancing, together with the functional implications of these interactions in facilitating an effective immune response during physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Ultimately, deciphering these complex mannose-based receptor-ligand interactions at the detailed molecular level will significantly advance our understanding of immunological disorders and infectious diseases, promoting the development of future therapeutics to improve patient clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Loke
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Daniel Kolarich
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Nicolle H Packer
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Morten Thaysen-Andersen
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
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Davids M, Kane MS, He M, Wolfe LA, Li X, Raihan MA, Chao KR, Bone WP, Boerkoel CF, Gahl WA, Toro C. Disruption of Golgi morphology and altered protein glycosylation in PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration. J Med Genet 2015; 53:180-9. [PMID: 26668131 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2015-103338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in PLA2G6, which encodes the calcium-independent phospholipase A2 group VI, cause neurodegeneration and diffuse cortical Lewy body formation by a yet undefined mechanism. We assessed whether altered protein glycosylation due to abnormal Golgi morphology might be a factor in the pathology of this disease. METHODS Three patients presented with PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration (PLAN); two had infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD) and one had adult-onset dystonia-parkinsonism. We analysed protein N-linked and O-linked glycosylation in cerebrospinal fluid, plasma, urine, and cultured skin fibroblasts using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization--time of flight/mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS). We also assessed sialylation and Golgi morphology in cultured fibroblasts by immunofluorescence and performed rescue experiments using a lentiviral vector. RESULTS The patients with INAD had PLA2G6 mutations NM_003560.2: c.[950G>T];[426-1077dup] and c.[1799G>A];[2221C>T] and the patient with dystonia-parkinsonism had PLA2G6 mutations NM_003560.2: c.[609G>A];[2222G>A]. All three patients had altered Golgi morphology and abnormalities of protein O-linked glycosylation and sialylation in cultured fibroblasts that were rescued by lentiviral overexpression of wild type PLA2G6. CONCLUSIONS Our findings add altered Golgi morphology, O-linked glycosylation and sialylation defects to the phenotypical spectrum of PLAN; these pathways are essential for correct processing and distribution of proteins. Lewy body and Tau pathology, two neuropathological features of PLAN, could emerge from these defects. Therefore, Golgi morphology, O-linked glycosylation and sialylation may play a role in the pathogenesis of PLAN and perhaps other neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariska Davids
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA Office of the Clinical Director, NHGRI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Megan S Kane
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA Office of the Clinical Director, NHGRI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Miao He
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA The Michael J Palmieri Metabolic Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lynne A Wolfe
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA Office of the Clinical Director, NHGRI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Xueli Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA The Michael J Palmieri Metabolic Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mohd A Raihan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA The Michael J Palmieri Metabolic Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Katherine R Chao
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA Office of the Clinical Director, NHGRI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - William P Bone
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA Office of the Clinical Director, NHGRI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Cornelius F Boerkoel
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA Office of the Clinical Director, NHGRI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - William A Gahl
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA Office of the Clinical Director, NHGRI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Camilo Toro
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA Office of the Clinical Director, NHGRI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Sarbu M, Munteanu CVA, Dehelean L, Petrescu AJ, Peter-Katalinic J, Zamfir AD. Identification and structural characterization of novel O- and N-glycoforms in the urine of a Schindler disease patient by Orbitrap mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2015; 50:1044-1056. [PMID: 28338252 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Schindler disease is an inherited metabolic disorder caused by the deficient activity of α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase enzyme. An accurate diagnosis requires, besides clinical examination, complex and costly biochemical and molecular genetic tests. In the last years, mass spectrometry (MS) based on nanofluidics and high-resolution instruments has become a successful alternative for disease diagnosis based on the investigation of O-glycopeptides in patient urine. A complex mixture of glycoforms extracted from the urine of a 3-year-old patient was investigated by Orbitrap MS equipped with Nanospray Flex Ion Source in the negative ion mode. For structural characterization of several molecular species, collision-induced dissociation MS2 -MS3 was carried out using collision energy values within 20-60 eV range. By our approach, 39 novel species associated to this condition were identified, among which O-glycopeptides, free O-glycans and one structure corresponding to an N-glycan never characterized in the context of Schindler disease. The experiments conducted at a resolution of 60 000 allowed the discrimination and identification of a total number of 69 different species with an average mass accuracy of 9.87 ppm, an in-run reproducibility of almost 100%, an experiment-to-experiment and day-to-day reproducibility of about 95%. This study brings contributions in the diagnosis of Schindler disease through the elucidation of potential biomarker species in urine. Our multistage MS results completed with 39 new glycoforms the inventory of potential biomarker structures associated to Schindler disease. For the first time, an N-glycan was identified and structurally characterized in Schindler patient urine, which opens new research directions in the field. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirela Sarbu
- West University of Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
- Aurel Vlaicu University of Arad, Arad, Romania
| | - Cristian V A Munteanu
- Department of Bioinformatics and Structural Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Liana Dehelean
- Psychiatry Discipline, Department of Neuroscience, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Andrei J Petrescu
- Department of Bioinformatics and Structural Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Jasna Peter-Katalinic
- Westfälische Wilhelms University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Alina D Zamfir
- Aurel Vlaicu University of Arad, Arad, Romania
- National Institute for Research and Development in Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, Timisoara, Romania
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45
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Pitfalls in Diagnosing Neuraminidase Deficiency: Psychosomatics and Normal Sialic Acid Excretion. JIMD Rep 2015; 25:9-13. [PMID: 26141460 DOI: 10.1007/8904_2015_472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuraminidase deficiency (mucolipidosis I, sialidosis types I and II, cherry-red spot myoclonus syndrome) is a lysosomal storage disorder with an expanding clinical phenotype. Here, we report the striking diagnostic history of late-onset neuraminidase deficiency in two sisters, currently aged 14 (patient 1) and 15 (patient 2).Patient 1 was referred for evaluation of her vision after a traffic accident. During this examination, nummular cataract, macular cherry-red spot, and optic nerve atrophy were seen. Furthermore, tremors were noticed in her arms and legs. This combination suggested a lysosomal storage disorder. Her family history revealed an older sister, patient 2, who had a long history of unexplained neurologic symptoms; she was under unsuccessful treatment for conversion disorder. Patient 2 showed identical ophthalmological findings. In retrospect, she had presented with avascular osteonecrosis of the right femur head at age 9.Urinary oligosaccharide patterns and enzyme activity revealed neuraminidase deficiency in both patients. Urinary-bound sialic acid levels were normal. Sequencing of NEU1 demonstrated two known compound heterozygous mutations (c.1195_1200dup p.His399_Tyr400dup; c.679G>A, p.Glu227Arg).The substantial time window between onset of typical symptoms and diagnosis in patient 2 suggests inadequate awareness of lysosomal storage disorders among clinicians. Of special interest is the observation that normal urinary sialic acid levels do not exclude neuraminidase deficiency. Urinary oligosaccharide screening is essential to diagnosis in such cases. In addition, patient 2 is the fourth case in the literature with a history of femur head necrosis. Bone defects might therefore be an early manifestation of late-onset neuraminidase deficiency.
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Vaidyanathan K. Urinary proteomics and metabolomics in the diagnosis of pediatric disorders. Proteomics Clin Appl 2015; 9:482-9. [PMID: 25631340 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201400093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Proteomics is the study of structures and functions of proteins, while metabolomics is the study of small-molecule metabolites in the cells, tissues, and organs of the organism. Proteomic technologies have wide applications in medical field. The current revolution in proteomics has led to the discovery of several new protein markers for various disorders. Urinary proteomics and metabolomics have also evolved in the recent years, for the diagnosis of both renal and nonrenal disorders. The urinary proteome varies in normal and abnormal conditions. Different techniques are employed for the analysis of pediatric urinary proteome, the commonest being MS. Before introduction into clinical use, there is the need for careful standardization. Available data suggest that there are differences in urinary proteome between adult and pediatric populations. It is noted that infant urine contains proteins involved in translation and transcription, cellular growth, and metabolic processes, which are not predominant in adult urine. Available data on urinary proteomic and metabolomic profile in common pediatric disorders are also reviewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannan Vaidyanathan
- Department of Biochemistry, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Science & Research Center, Tiruvalla, India
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Dasouki M, Jawdat O, Almadhoun O, Pasnoor M, McVey AL, Abuzinadah A, Herbelin L, Barohn RJ, Dimachkie MM. Pompe disease: literature review and case series. Neurol Clin 2015; 32:751-76, ix. [PMID: 25037089 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncl.2014.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pompe disease is a rare multi-systemic metabolic myopathy caused by autosomal recessive mutations in the acidic alpha glucosidase (GAA) gene. Significant progress had been made in the diagnosis and management of patients with Pompe disease. Here, we describe our experience with 12 patients with various forms of Pompe disease including 4 potentially pathogenic, novel GAA variants. We also review the recent the recent advances in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of individuals with Pompe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed Dasouki
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, MBC-03-30, PO Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Omar Jawdat
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Mailstop 2012, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Osama Almadhoun
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Mailstop 4004, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Mamatha Pasnoor
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Mailstop 2012, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - April L McVey
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Mailstop 2012, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Ahmad Abuzinadah
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Mailstop 2012, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Laura Herbelin
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Mailstop 2012, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Richard J Barohn
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Mailstop 2012, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Mazen M Dimachkie
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Mailstop 2012, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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Cho YT, Su H, Wu WJ, Wu DC, Hou MF, Kuo CH, Shiea J. Biomarker Characterization by MALDI-TOF/MS. Adv Clin Chem 2015; 69:209-54. [PMID: 25934363 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometric techniques frequently used in clinical diagnosis, such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, ambient ionization mass spectrometry, and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS), are discussed. Due to its ability to rapidly detect large biomolecules in trace amounts, MALDI-TOF/MS is an ideal tool for characterizing disease biomarkers in biologic samples. Clinical applications of MS for the identification and characterization of microorganisms, DNA fragments, tissues, and biofluids are introduced. Approaches for using MALDI-TOF/MS to detect various disease biomarkers including peptides, proteins, and lipids in biological fluids are further discussed. Finally, various sample pretreatment methods which improve the detection efficiency of disease biomarkers are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Tzu Cho
- Department of Cosmetic Applications and Management, Yuh-Ing Junior College of Health Care & Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hung Su
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jeng Wu
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Deng-Chyang Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Center for Stem Cell Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Feng Hou
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Hung Kuo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Center for Stem Cell Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jentaie Shiea
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Center for Stem Cell Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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49
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“Three sources and three component parts” of free oligosaccharides. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2014; 86:5-17. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj86.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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50
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Winchester B. Lysosomal diseases: diagnostic update. J Inherit Metab Dis 2014; 37:599-608. [PMID: 24711203 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-014-9710-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Technological developments in newborn and population screening, biomarker discovery for monitoring treatment and rapid high throughput DNA sequencing are having a great impact on the diagnostic procedure for symptomatic patients with lysosomal storage diseases. The use of dried blood spots, initially for newborn screening, has stimulated the introduction of automated, rapid and more sensitive methods for the assay of lysosomal enzymes, including the synthesis of novel substrates. Storage products and secondary metabolites in urine and cells can be identified and measured very accurately and sensitively by high performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. This has enhanced the preliminary metabolite screen for LSDs and facilitated the diagnosis of transport defects. Fast, reliable and affordable high throughput DNA sequencing, such as whole or selected exome sequencing, is helping to make diagnoses in difficult cases, to reveal novel gene defects, to widen the clinical spectrum of diseases and possibly to identify modifying genetic factors. Bioinformatics will be necessary to handle the data generated by these new technologies. Notwithstanding, these technical innovations, accurate and reliable diagnosis will still depend on the knowledge and experience of skilled laboratory staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Winchester
- Biochemistry Research Group, UCL Institute of Child Health at Great Ormond Street Hospital, University College London, London, UK,
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