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Chang CR, Russell BM, Cyriac T, Francois ME. Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring to Prescribe a Time to Exercise for Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12093237. [PMID: 37176677 PMCID: PMC10179271 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12093237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examines the potential utility of using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) to prescribe an exercise time to target peak hyperglycaemia in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The main aim is to test the feasibility of prescribing an individualised daily exercise time, based on the time of CGM-derived peak glucose, for people with T2D. Thirty-five individuals with T2D (HbA1c: 7.2 ± 0.8%; age: 64 ± 7 y; BMI: 29.2 ± 5.2 kg/m2) were recruited and randomised to one of two 14 d exercise interventions: i) ExPeak (daily exercise starting 30 min before peak hyperglycaemia) or placebo active control NonPeak (daily exercise starting 90 min after peak hyperglycaemia). The time of peak hyperglycaemia was determined via a two-week baseline CGM. A CGM, accelerometer, and heart rate monitor were worn during the free-living interventions to objectively measure glycaemic control outcomes, moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA), and exercise adherence for future translation in a clinical trial. Participation in MVPA increased 26% when an exercise time was prescribed compared to habitual baseline (p < 0.01), with no difference between intervention groups (p > 0.26). The total MVPA increased by 10 min/day during the intervention compared to the baseline (baseline: 23 ± 14 min/d vs. intervention: 33 ± 16 min/d, main effect of time p = 0.03, no interaction). The change in peak blood glucose (mmol/L) was similar between the ExPeak (-0.44 ± 1.6 mmol/L, d = 0.21) and the NonPeak (-0.39 ± 1.5 mmol/L, d = 0.16) intervention groups (p = 0.92). Prescribing an exercise time based on CGM may increase daily participation in physical activity in people with type 2 diabetes; however, further studies are needed to test the long-term impact of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney R Chang
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Brooke M Russell
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Tannia Cyriac
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Monique E Francois
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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2
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Seneviratne SN, Rajindrajith S. Fetal programming of obesity and type 2 diabetes. World J Diabetes 2022; 13:482-497. [PMID: 36051425 PMCID: PMC9329845 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v13.i7.482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus has increased rapidly over the past few decades, and prevention efforts have not been successful. Fetal programming involves the earliest stage of obesity development, and provides a novel concept to complement other strategies for lifelong prevention of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The World Health Organization now advocates a life-course approach to prevent/control obesity, starting with pre-conceptional and antenatal maternal health. Maternal overnutrition, gestational diabetes mellitus and excessive gestational weight gain lead to fetal overgrowth, and “programs” the offspring with an increased risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus in childhood and adulthood. This review summarizes current data on fetal programming of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus including potential causative factors, mechanisms and interventions to reduce its impact.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shaman Rajindrajith
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo 08, Sri Lanka
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3
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Kuhlemeier A, Jaki T, Jimenez EY, Kong AS, Gill H, Chang C, Resnicow K, Wilson DK, Van Horn ML. Individual differences in the effects of the ACTION-PAC intervention: an application of personalized medicine in the prevention and treatment of obesity. J Behav Med 2022; 45:211-226. [PMID: 35032253 PMCID: PMC11156464 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-021-00274-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
There is an increased interest in the use of personalized medicine approaches in the prevention or treatment of obesity, however, few studies have used these approaches to identify individual differences in treatment effects. The current study demonstrates the use of the predicted individual treatment effects framework to test for individual differences in the effects of the ACTION-PAC intervention, which targeted the treatment and prevention of obesity in a high school setting. We show how methods for personalized medicine can be used to test for significant individual differences in responses to an intervention and we discuss the potential and limitations of these methods. In our example, 25% of students in the preventive intervention, were predicted to have their BMI z-score reduced by 0.39 or greater, while at other end of the spectrum, 25% were predicted to have their BMI z-score increased by 0.09 or more. In this paper, we demonstrate and discuss the process of using methods for personalized medicine with interventions targeting adiposity and discuss the lessons learned from this application. Ultimately, these methods have the potential to be useful for clinicians and clients in choosing between treatment options, however they are limited in their ability to help researchers understand the mechanisms underlying these predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Kuhlemeier
- Department of Sociology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Thomas Jaki
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elizabeth Y Jimenez
- Division of Adolescent Health, Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Alberta S Kong
- Division of Adolescent Health, Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Hope Gill
- Department of Individual, Family, and Community Education, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Chi Chang
- Office of Medical Education Research and Development, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Ken Resnicow
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Dawn K Wilson
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - M Lee Van Horn
- Department of Individual, Family, and Community Education, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
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4
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Pan J, Tong R, Deng Q, Tian Y, Wang N, Peng Y, Fei S, Zhang W, Cui J, Guo C, Yao J, Wei C, Xu J. The Effect of SOCS2 Polymorphisms on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Susceptibility and Diabetic Complications in the Chinese Han Population. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2022; 15:65-79. [PMID: 35125882 PMCID: PMC8809519 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s347018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SOCS2 is downregulated in diabetes, which might be related to diabetes. We explored the effect of SOCS2 polymorphisms on the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and diabetic complications. METHODS The subjects consisted of 500 patients with T2DM and 501 healthy controls. Five variants in SOCS2 were genotyped by Agena MassARRAY system. RT-qPCR profiling was performed to detect the expression of SOCS2 mRNA. Logistic regression analysis was utilized to calculate odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). RESULTS Rs3825199 (OR = 1.44, p = 0.007), rs11107116 (OR = 1.39, p = 0.014) and rs10492321 (OR = 1.48, p = 0.004) had an increased T2DM risk of T2DM. Moreover, the contribution of SOCS2 polymorphisms to T2DM risk was associated with age, gender, smoking, drinking, and BMI. SOCS2 variants also had a reduced risk for T2DM patients with diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy and coronary heart disease. SOCS2 rs10492321 was the best single locus model. SOCS2 mRNA was downregulated in patients with T2DM compared to healthy controls (p = 0.029). CONCLUSION This study firstly reported that rs3825199, rs11107116 and rs10492321 in SOCS2 conferred to an increased risk for the occurrence of T2DM in the Chinese Han population. Moreover, SOCS2 mRNA was downregulated in patients with T2DM, suggesting that SOCS2 might have an important role in the occurrence of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pan
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710061, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Xianyang Central Hospital, Xianyang, 712000, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Tong
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710061, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Deng
- Department of Endocrinology, No. 215 Hospital of Shaanxi Nuclear Industry, Xianyang, 712000, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanni Tian
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710061, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710061, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanqi Peng
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710061, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sijia Fei
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710061, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710061, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Cui
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710061, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chaoying Guo
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710061, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juanchuan Yao
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710061, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cui Wei
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710061, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710061, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
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Zhang X, Gao S, Liu M, Wei N, Zhang Q, Li X, Niu X. Novel XTENylated AWRK6 analog with hypoglycemic activity, and anti-HSV-2 potential in combination with double shRNA. Life Sci 2021; 274:119313. [PMID: 33667511 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To design and evaluate a novel AWRK6 peptide-based long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) conjugated a recombinant polyethylene glycol mimetic (XTEN protein) with significant therapeutic potential on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) alone as well as Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection in combination with double shRNA. MAIN METHODS First, four AWRK6 analogs (termed XA-1 to XA-4) were designed and produced by solid phase synthesis strategy. Further surface plasmon resonance (SPR) measurement and in vitro cAMP accumulation assay were performed to detect the GLP-1R binding affinities and GLP-1R activation, respectively. The in vivo efficacy evaluation including pharmacokinetic test, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), hypoglycemic duration test and chronic pharmacodynamics study in rodent animals were all carefully performed. KEY FINDINGS Four XA peptides were synthesized with purity >99%. High binding affinity as well as activation potency of XA-4 for GLP-1R were demonstrated by SPR and cell-based luciferase reporter assay, respectively. Additionally, XA-4 exhibited the long-lasting antidiabetic effects in the multiple OGTTs, hypoglycemic duration test and chronic study in mice. Furthermore, combined treatment of XA-4 and double shRNA (D-shRNA) achieved potent antiviral effects in HSV-2 infected HEK293 cells. SIGNIFICANCE XA-4 exhibited promising pharmaceutical potential to be a therapeutic drug for treating T2D, and also held potential to against the HSV-2 infection, which is really an accidental discovery. The strategy of recombinant XTENylation can also be applied to other peptides or small molecules for the development of long-acting therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Zhang
- Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai 519100, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Shuying Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai 519041, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Maosheng Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai 519041, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Nina Wei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai 519041, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Qingfeng Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai 519041, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xiangyang Li
- Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai 519100, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xianli Niu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai 519041, Guangdong, PR China.
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6
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Yang HJ, Koh E, Sung MK, Kang H. Changes Induced by Mind-Body Intervention Including Epigenetic Marks and Its Effects on Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031317. [PMID: 33525677 PMCID: PMC7865217 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have evidenced that epigenetic marks associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) can be inherited from parents or acquired through fetal and early-life events, as well as through lifelong environments or lifestyles, which can increase the risk of diabetes in adulthood. However, epigenetic modifications are reversible, and can be altered through proper intervention, thus mitigating the risk factors of T2D. Mind-body intervention (MBI) refers to interventions like meditation, yoga, and qigong, which deal with both physical and mental well-being. MBI not only induces psychological changes, such as alleviation of depression, anxiety, and stress, but also physiological changes like parasympathetic activation, lower cortisol secretion, reduced inflammation, and aging rate delay, which are all risk factors for T2D. Notably, MBI has been reported to reduce blood glucose in patients with T2D. Herein, based on recent findings, we review the effects of MBI on diabetes and the mechanisms involved, including epigenetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jeong Yang
- Korea Institute of Brain Science, Seoul 06022, Korea; (M.-K.S.); (H.K.)
- Department of Integrative Health Care, University of Brain Education, Cheonan 31228, Korea
- Correspondence:
| | - Eugene Koh
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratories, Singapore 117604, Singapore;
| | - Min-Kyu Sung
- Korea Institute of Brain Science, Seoul 06022, Korea; (M.-K.S.); (H.K.)
| | - Hojung Kang
- Korea Institute of Brain Science, Seoul 06022, Korea; (M.-K.S.); (H.K.)
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7
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Yang H, Chen L, Sun Q, Yao F, Muhammad S, Sun C. The role of HDAC11 in obesity-related metabolic disorders: A critical review. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:5582-5591. [PMID: 33481312 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
At present, metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes, have become the world's top health threats. These diseases are closely related to the abnormal development and function of adipocytes and metabolic inflammation associated with obesity. Histone deacetylase 11 (HDAC11), with a relatively unique structure and function in the HDAC family, plays a vital role in regulating cell growth, migration, and cell death. Currently, research on new key regulatory functions of HDAC11 in metabolic homeostasis is receiving more and more attention, and HDAC11 has also become a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of obesity and obesity-related diseases. Here, we summarized the latest literature on the role of HDAC11 in regulating the progress of obesity-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lingling Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qian Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fangyao Yao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Saeed Muhammad
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Chao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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8
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Xiang H, Waterhouse DS, Liu P, Waterhouse GI, Li J, Cui C. Pancreatic lipase-inhibiting protein hydrolysate and peptides from seabuckthorn seed meal: Preparation optimization and inhibitory mechanism. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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9
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Leiser CL, Taddie M, Hemmert R, Richards Steed R, VanDerslice JA, Henry K, Ambrose J, O'Neil B, Smith KR, Hanson HA. Spatial clusters of cancer incidence: analyzing 1940 census data linked to 1966-2017 cancer records. Cancer Causes Control 2020; 31:609-615. [PMID: 32323050 PMCID: PMC7574665 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-020-01302-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A life course perspective to cancer incidence is important for understanding effects of the environment during early life on later cancer risk. We assessed spatial clusters of cancer incidence based on early life location defined as 1940 US Census Enumeration District (ED). METHODS A cohort of 260,585 individuals aged 0-40 years in 1940 was selected. Individuals were followed from 1940 to cancer diagnosis, death, or last residence in Utah. We geocoded ED centroids in Utah for the 1940 Census. Spatial scan statistics with purely spatial elliptic scanning window were used to identify spatial clusters of EDs with excess cancer rates across 26 cancer types, assuming a discrete Poisson model. RESULTS Cancer was diagnosed in 66,904 (25.67%) individuals during follow-up across 892 EDs. Average follow-up was 50.9 years. We detected 15 clusters of excess risk for bladder, breast, cervix, colon, lung, melanoma, oral, ovary, prostate, and soft tissue cancers. An urban area had dense overlap of multiple cancer types, including two EDs at increased risk for five cancer types each. CONCLUSIONS Early environments may contribute to cancer risk later in life. Life course perspectives applied to the study of cancer incidence can provide insights for increasing understanding of cancer etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire L Leiser
- Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Marissa Taddie
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Rachael Hemmert
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Rebecca Richards Steed
- Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Geography, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - James A VanDerslice
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Kevin Henry
- Department of Geography and Urban Studies, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jacob Ambrose
- Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Brock O'Neil
- Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Ken R Smith
- Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Family and Consumer Studies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Heidi A Hanson
- Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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10
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Ali EMT, Abdallah HI, El-Sayed SM. Histomorphological, VEGF and TGF-β immunoexpression changes in the diabetic rats' ovary and the potential amelioration following treatment with metformin and insulin. J Mol Histol 2020; 51:287-305. [PMID: 32399705 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-020-09880-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) affects the ovary by reducing the number and diameters of ovarian follicles and increasing atretic follicles. Follicular growth and diameters depend on VEGF production. Hyperglycemia causes ovarian stromal and follicular degeneration then fibrosis by activating TGF-β. Insulin and metformin promote development of ovarian follicles and reduce atretic follicles. Therefore, the present study investigates the ovarian VEGF and TGF-β immune-expression and its variations in diabetic, insulin and metformin-treated rats. Forty adult female albino rats were divided equally into four groups: control, diabetic (STZ-induced diabetes), diabetic metformin-treated group (100 mg/kg/day orally/eight weeks) and diabetic insulin-treated group (5 U insulin /day). Ovarian sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome, immunohistochemistry for VEGF and TGF-β. The diabetic group showed noticeable atrophic and degenerative changes in cortex and medulla as well as increased density and distribution of the collagenous fibers. The number and diameter of primary, secondary and tertiary follicles were decreased. However, the number of atretic follicles and corpus luteum was increased. Significant decrease in the surface area percentage of VEGF immuno-expression and significant increase in TGF-β immuno-expression surface area percentage were detected. By treating animals with metformin and insulin, there was restoration of the ovarian histological structure more or less as in control. DM negatively affects the histological and morphometric parameters of ovaries. Furthermore, insulin showed more beneficial effects than metformin in hindering these complications by modifying the expression of VEGF and TGF-β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyad M T Ali
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of medicine, Taibah University, Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. .,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Hesham I Abdallah
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of medicine, Taibah University, Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sayed M El-Sayed
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of medicine, Taibah University, Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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11
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Merikangas KR, Merikangas AK. Harnessing Progress in Psychiatric Genetics to Advance Population Mental Health. Am J Public Health 2020; 109:S171-S175. [PMID: 31242010 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2019.304948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Advances in genomics and neuroscience have ushered in unprecedented opportunities to increase our understanding of the biological underpinnings of mental disorders, yet there has been limited progress in translating knowledge on genetic risk factors to reduce the burden of these conditions in the population. We describe the challenges and opportunities afforded by the growth of large-scale population health databases, progress in genomics, and collaborative efforts in epidemiology and neuroscience to develop informed population-wide interventions for mental disorders. Future progress is likely to benefit from the following efforts: expansion of large collaborative studies of mental disorders to include more systematically ascertained multiethnic samples from biobanks and registries, harmonization of phenotypic characterization in registry and population samples to extend clinical diagnosis to transdiagnostic concepts, systematic investigation of the influences of both specific and nonspecific environmental factors that may combine with genetic susceptibility to confer increased risk of specific mental disorders, and implementation of study designs that can inform gene-environment interactions. Such data can ultimately be combined to develop comprehensive models of risks of, interventions for, and outcomes of mental disorders. With its focus on phenotypic characterization, sampling, study designs, and analytic methods, epidemiology will be central to progress in translating genomics to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Ries Merikangas
- Kathleen Ries Merikangas is with the Genetic Epidemiology Research Branch, Division of Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD. Alison K. Merikangas is with the Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Alison K Merikangas
- Kathleen Ries Merikangas is with the Genetic Epidemiology Research Branch, Division of Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD. Alison K. Merikangas is with the Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
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12
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Zhang Q, Xiao X, Zheng J, Li M, Yu M, Ping F, Wang T, Wang X. Maternal Inulin Supplementation Alters Hepatic DNA Methylation Profile and Improves Glucose Metabolism in Offspring Mice. Front Physiol 2020; 11:70. [PMID: 32116778 PMCID: PMC7020697 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Scope As a prebiotic, inulin may have a protective effect on glucose metabolism. However, the mechanism of inulin treatment on glucose intolerance in offspring exposed to a maternal high-fat (HF) diet is still not clear. Here, we examined the hepatic DNA methylation profile to determine how maternal inulin supplementation modified glucose metabolism in offspring mice. Procedures Female mice were fed a HF diet, control diet (CON), or a HF diet with inulin supplementation (HF-inulin) during gestation and lactation. Upon weaning, pup livers were obtained. A hepatic genome DNA methylation array was performed. Results Pups exposed to a maternal HF diet exhibited glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. Maternal inulin treatment moderated glucose metabolism. A DNA methylation array identified differentially methylated regions associated with 970 annotated genes from pups exposed to a HF diet in response to maternal inulin treatment. In particular, the wingless-type MMTV integration site family member 5A (Wnt5a) gene was hypermethylated, and the phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 2 alpha (Pik3c2a), phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 2 beta (Pik3c2b), and phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 2 (Pik3r2) genes were hypomethylated in inulin-treated pups. Consistently, hepatic Wnt5a gene expression was reduced and Pik3c2a, Pik3c2b, and Pik3r2 gene expression were increased in the inulin group. Conclusion Maternal inulin treatment improved glucose intolerance by changing DNA methylation and gene expression of Wnt5a and Pi3k in mice exposed to a maternal HF diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinhua Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Ping
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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13
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Kalra S, Das AK, Bajaj S, Priya G, Ghosh S, Mehrotra RN, Das S, Shah P, Deshmukh V, Sanyal D, Chandrasekaran S, Khandelwal D, Joshi A, Nair T, Eliana F, Permana H, Fariduddin MD, Shrestha PK, Shrestha D, Kahandawa S, Sumanathilaka M, Shaheed A, Rahim AAA, Orabi A, Al-Ani A, Hussein W, Kumar D, Shaikh K. Utility of Precision Medicine in the Management of Diabetes: Expert Opinion from an International Panel. Diabetes Ther 2020; 11:411-422. [PMID: 31916214 PMCID: PMC6995789 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-019-00753-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The primary objective of this review is to develop a practice-based expert group opinion on the role of precision medicine with a specific focus on sulfonylureas (SUs) in diabetes management. BACKGROUND The clinical etiology, presentation and complications of diabetes vary from one patient to another, making the management of the disease challenging. The pre-eminent feature of diabetes mellitus (DM) are chronically elevated blood glucose concentrations; however, in clinical practice, the exclusion of autoimmunity, pregnancy, pancreatic disease or injury and rare genetic forms of diabetes is crucial. Within this framework, precision medicine provides unique insights into the risk factors and natural history of DM. Precision medicine goes beyond genomics and encompasses patient-centered care, molecular technologies and data sharing. Precision medicine has evolved in the field of diabetology. It has helped improve the efficacy of SUs, a class of drugs, which have been effectively used in the management of diabetes mellitus for decades, and it has enabled the expansion of SUs use in diabetes patients with genetic mutations. REVIEW RESULTS After due discussions, the expert group analyzed studies that focused on the use of SUs in diabetes patients with genomic variations and rare mutations. The expert group opined that SUs are important glucose-lowering drugs and that precision medicine helps in improving the efficacy of SUs by matching them to those patients who will benefit most. CONCLUSION Precision medicine opens new vistas for the effective use of SUs in unexpected patient populations, such as those with genetic mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kalra
- Department of Endocrinology, Bharti Hospital and BRIDE, Karnal, Haryana, India.
| | - A K Das
- Department of Endocrinology and Medicine, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry, India
| | - Sarita Bajaj
- Department of Endocrinology, MLN Medical College, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gagan Priya
- Department of Endocrinology, Fortis Hospital, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Sujoy Ghosh
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Post-Graduate Medical Education and Research (IPGMER), Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - R N Mehrotra
- Department of Endocrinology, Apollo Hospitals, Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sambit Das
- Department of Endocrinology, Apollo Hospitals, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Parag Shah
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Gujarat Endocrine Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Vaishali Deshmukh
- Department of Endocrinology, Deshmukh Clinic and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Debmalya Sanyal
- Department of Endocrinology, KPC Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sruti Chandrasekaran
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Dr Rela Institute of Medical Science (RIMC), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Deepak Khandelwal
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Maharaja Agrasen Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Amaya Joshi
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Bhaktivedanta Hospital and Research Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Tiny Nair
- Department of Cardiology, PRS Hospital, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Fatimah Eliana
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, YARSI University, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Hikmat Permana
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - M D Fariduddin
- Department of Endocrinology of Bangabandhu Sheikh, Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Dina Shrestha
- Department of Endocrinology, Norvic International Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Shayaminda Kahandawa
- Department of Endocrinology, Teaching Hospital Karapitiya, Karapitiya, Galle, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Ahamed Shaheed
- Department of Internal Medicine, Indira Gandhi Memorial Hospital, Malé, Republic of Maldives
| | | | - Abbas Orabi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Al-Ani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Wiam Hussein
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Hospital, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Endocrinology, NMC Specialty Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khalid Shaikh
- Department of Diabetes, Faculty of Internal Medicine, Royal Oman Police Hospital, Muscat, Oman
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14
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Sarkar J, Maity SK, Sen A, Nargis T, Ray D, Chakrabarti P. Impaired compensatory hyperinsulinemia among nonobese type 2 diabetes patients: a cross-sectional study. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2019; 10:2042018819889024. [PMID: 31832130 PMCID: PMC6887811 DOI: 10.1177/2042018819889024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Obesity associated prolonged hyperinsulinemia followed by β-cell failure is well established as the pathology behind type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, studies on nonobese T2DM have reported it to be a distinct clinical entity with predominant insulin secretory defect. We, therefore, hypothesized that compensatory hyperinsulinemia in response to weight gain is impaired in nonobese subjects. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study from a community-based metabolic health screening program. Adiposity parameters including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), body fat percentage, plasma leptin concentration and metabolic parameters namely fasting insulin, glucose, total cholesterol, and triglycerides were measured in 650 individuals (73% healthy, 62% nonobese with a BMI <25). RESULTS In contrast to obese T2DM, nonobese T2DM patients did not exhibit significant hyperinsulinemia compared with the nonobese healthy group. Age, sex, and fasting glucose adjusted insulin levels, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and HOMA-beta cell function (HOMA-B) were increased in obese T2DM compared with nonobese T2DM. Although adiposity parameters showed strong correlation with fasting insulin in obese healthy (r = 0.38, 0.38, and 0.42, respectively; all p values < 0.001) and T2DM (r = 0.54, 0.54, and 0.66, respectively; all p < 0.001), only BMI and leptin showed a weak correlation with insulin in the nonobese healthy group (0.13 and 0.13, respectively; all p < 0.05) which were completely lost in the nonobese T2DM. CONCLUSIONS Compensatory hyperinsulinemia in response to weight gain is impaired in the nonobese population making insulin secretory defect rather than IR the major pathology behind nonobese T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jit Sarkar
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, India
- Academy of Innovative and Scientific Research, Ghaziabad, India
- Community Health Program, SWANIRVAR, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Abhishek Sen
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian, Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Titli Nargis
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian, Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Dipika Ray
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian, Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Partha Chakrabarti
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian, Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja SC Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India
- Academy of Innovative and Scientific Research, Ghaziabad, India
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15
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Vaiserman A, Lushchak O. Developmental origins of type 2 diabetes: Focus on epigenetics. Ageing Res Rev 2019; 55:100957. [PMID: 31473332 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2019.100957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, genetics and lifestyle are considered as main determinants of aging-associated pathological conditions. Accumulating evidence, however, suggests that risk of many age-related diseases is not only determined by genetic and adult lifestyle factors but also by factors acting during early development. Type 2 diabetes (T2D), an age-related disease generally manifested after the age of 40, is among such disorders. Since several age-related conditions, such as pro-inflammatory states, are characteristic of both T2D and aging, this disease is conceptualized by many authors as a kind of premature or accelerated aging. There is substantial evidence that intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), induced by poor or unbalanced nutrient intake, exposure to xenobiotics, maternal substance abuse etc., may impair fetal development, thereby causing the fetal adipose tissue and pancreatic beta cell dysfunction. Consequently, persisting adaptive changes may occur in the glucose-insulin metabolism, including reduced capacity for insulin secretion and insulin resistance. These changes can lead to an improved ability to store fat, thus predisposing to T2D development in later life. The modulation of epigenetic regulation of gene expression likely plays a central role in linking the adverse environmental conditions early in life to the risk of T2D in adulthood. In animal models of IUGR, long-term persistent changes in both DNA methylation and expression of genes implicated in metabolic processes have been repeatedly reported. Findings from human studies confirming the role of epigenetic mechanisms in linking early-life adverse experiences to the risk for T2D in adult life are scarce compared to data from animal studies, mainly because of limited access to suitable biological samples. It is, however, convincing evidence that these mechanisms may also operate in human beings. In this review, theoretical models and research findings evidencing the role of developmental epigenetic variation in the pathogenesis of T2D are summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oleh Lushchak
- Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
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16
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Exposure to Famine During Early Life and Abdominal Obesity in Adulthood: Findings from the Great Chinese Famine During 1959⁻1961. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11040903. [PMID: 31013668 PMCID: PMC6521085 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Undernutrition during early life may lead to obesity in adulthood. This study was conducted to examine the relationship between famine exposure during early life and the risk of abdominal obesity in adulthood. A total of 18,984 and 16,594 adults were surveyed in 2002 and 2010-2012 in two nationally representative cross-sectional surveys, namely China Nutrition and Health Survey, respectively. The risk of abdominal obesity was evaluated for participants born during 1956-1961 and compared with that of participants born during 1962-1964. The overall prevalence of abdominal obesity in adulthood showed a positive association with famine exposure during early life. The odds ratios of famine exposure were 1.31 (1.19-1.44) and 1.28 (1.17-1.40) in 2002 during fetal life and infancy and 1.09 (1.00-1.19) in 2012 during fetal life, respectively. The relationships between famine exposure and abdominal obesity across the famine exposure groups were distinct among females and those who lived in urban areas and were physical inactive (p < 0.05). Exposure to famine during early life was associated with increased risks of abdominal obesity in adulthood, which was partially alleviated by healthy lifestyle factors (e.g., physical activity).
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17
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Prenatal Malnutrition-Induced Epigenetic Dysregulation as a Risk Factor for Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Genomics 2019; 2019:3821409. [PMID: 30944826 PMCID: PMC6421750 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3821409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is commonly regarded as a disease originating from lifestyle-related factors and typically occurring after the age of 40. There is, however, consistent experimental and epidemiological data evidencing that the risk for developing T2D may largely depend on conditions early in life. In particular, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) induced by poor or unbalanced nutrient intake can impair fetal growth and also cause fetal adipose tissue and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. On account of these processes, persisting adaptive changes can occur in the glucose-insulin metabolism. These changes can include reduced ability for insulin secretion and insulin resistance, and they may result in an improved capacity to store fat, thereby predisposing to the development of T2D and obesity in adulthood. Accumulating research findings indicate that epigenetic regulation of gene expression plays a critical role in linking prenatal malnutrition to the risk of later-life metabolic disorders including T2D. In animal models of IUGR, changes in both DNA methylation and expression levels of key metabolic genes were repeatedly found which persisted until adulthood. The causal link between epigenetic disturbances during development and the risk for T2D was also confirmed in several human studies. In this review, the conceptual models and empirical data are summarized and discussed regarding the contribution of epigenetic mechanisms in developmental nutritional programming of T2D.
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