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Vaisar T, Heinecke J. Quantification of high-density lipoprotein particle number by proton nuclear magnetic resonance: don't believe the numbers. Curr Opin Lipidol 2024; 35:228-233. [PMID: 39162237 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) can rapidly assess lipoprotein concentrations and sizes in biological samples. It may be especially useful for quantifying high-density lipoprotein (HDL), which exhibits diverse particle sizes and concentrations. We provide a critical review of the strengths and limitations of NMR for quantifying HDL subclasses. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies using NMR have shed light on HDL's role in various disorders, ranging from residual cardiovascular risk to host susceptibility to infection. However, accurately quantifying HDL particle number, size, and concentration (HDL-P) remains a challenge. Discrepancies exist between NMR and other methods such as gel electrophoresis, ion mobility analysis and size-exclusion chromatography in estimating the abundance of HDL species and the ratio of apolipoprotein A-I (APOA1) to HDL particles. SUMMARY NMR is a low-cost method for quantifying HDL-P that is readily applicable to clinical and translational studies. However, inconsistencies between the results of NMR quantification of HDL-P and other independent methods hinder the interpretation of NMR results. Because proton NMR apparently fails to accurately quantify the sizes and concentrations of HDL, the relevance of such studies to HDL biology poses challenges. This limits our understanding of pathophysiological implications of HDL-P as determined by NMR, particularly in determining cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Vaisar
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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2
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Taylor R, Zhang C, George D, Kotecha S, Abdelghaffar M, Forster T, Santos Rodrigues PD, Reisinger AC, White D, Hamilton F, Watkins WJ, Griffith DM, Ghazal P. Low circulatory levels of total cholesterol, HDL-C and LDL-C are associated with death of patients with sepsis and critical illness: systematic review, meta-analysis, and perspective of observational studies. EBioMedicine 2024; 100:104981. [PMID: 38290288 PMCID: PMC10844818 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.104981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanistic studies have established a biological role of sterol metabolism in infection and immunity with clinical data linking deranged cholesterol metabolism during sepsis with poorer outcomes. In this systematic review we assess the relationship between biomarkers of cholesterol homeostasis and mortality in critical illness. METHODS We identified articles by searching a total of seven electronic databases from inception to October 2023. Prospective observational cohort studies included those subjects who had systemic cholesterol (Total Cholesterol (TC), HDL-C or LDL-C) levels assessed on the first day of ICU admission and short-term mortality recorded. Meta-analysis and meta-regression were used to evaluate overall mean differences in serum cholesterol levels between survivors and non-survivors. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. FINDINGS From 6469 studies identified by searches, 24 studies with 2542 participants were included in meta-analysis. Non-survivors had distinctly lower HDL-C at ICU admission -7.06 mg/dL (95% CI -9.21 to -4.91, p < 0.0001) in comparison with survivors. Corresponding differences were also seen less robustly for TC -21.86 mg/dL (95% CI -31.23 to -12.49, p < 0.0001) and LDL-C -8.79 mg/dL (95% CI, -13.74 to -3.83, p = 0.0005). INTERPRETATION Systemic cholesterol levels (TC, HDL-C and LDL-C) on admission to critical care are inversely related to mortality. This finding is consistent with the notion that inflammatory and metabolic setpoints are coupled, such that the maladaptive-setpoint changes of cholesterol in critical illness are related to underlying inflammatory processes. We highlight the potential of HDL-biomarkers as early predictors of severity of illness and emphasise that future research should consider the metabolic and functional heterogeneity of HDLs. FUNDING EU-ERDF-Welsh Government Ser Cymru programme, BBSRC, and EU-FP7 ClouDx-i project (PG).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory Taylor
- Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Chengyuan Zhang
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Deslit George
- School of Medicine, University of Cardiff, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sarah Kotecha
- Department of Child Health, School of Medicine, University of Cardiff, Cardiff, UK
| | | | | | | | - Alexander C Reisinger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Intensive Care Unit, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Daniel White
- Project Sepsis, Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Cardiff, Cardiff, UK
| | - Fergus Hamilton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - W John Watkins
- Dept of Immunity and Infection, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - David M Griffith
- Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain, Molecular, Genetics, and Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Peter Ghazal
- Project Sepsis, Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Cardiff, Cardiff, UK.
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3
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Ikezaki H, Furusyo N, Ai M, Okazaki M, Kohzuma T, Hayashi J, Shimono N, Schaefer EJ. Relationship between the cholesterol and triglyceride content of lipoprotein subclasses and carotid intima-media thickness: A cross-sectional population-based study. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 548:117521. [PMID: 37597644 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between lipoprotein subclasses and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) progression has yet to be fully evaluated. We assessed which lipoprotein subclasses were associated with maximum cIMT levels in the general population. METHODS In this study, cholesterol and triglyceride content of 20 lipoprotein subclasses were analyzed using gel permeation high-performance liquid chromatography (GP-HPLC) in 864 Japanese women and men (mean age 57 y, free of chronic liver or kidney diseases and off lipid-lowering, hormone replacement, or adrenocorticosteroid medications). Univariate and multivariate regression analyses and univariate and partial correlation analyses were performed to examine the relationships between lipoprotein subclasses and maximum cIMT levels. RESULTS After adjusting for age, sex, systolic blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, and anti-hypertensive agents, elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-2 and -3 cholesterol (particle diameter 25.5 nm and 23.0 nm, respectively; medium and small LDL) were associated with higher maximum cIMT levels in both women and men (all p for trend < 0.05). These associations were significant even after participants taking anti-diabetic or anti-hypertensive agents were excluded. No significant associations were found between any triglyceride subclasses and maximum cIMT levels. CONCLUSIONS Smaller LDL particle cholesterol values are the most atherogenic lipoprotein parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Ikezaki
- Department of Comprehensive General Internal Medicine, Kyushu University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan; Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States; Department of General Internal Medicine, Kyushu Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Norihiro Furusyo
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kyushu Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masumi Ai
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Insured Medical Care Management, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuyo Okazaki
- Professor emeritus of Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuji Kohzuma
- Diagnostics Department, Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Hayashi
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kyushu Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Shimono
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kyushu Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ernst J Schaefer
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
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Shao B, Afshinnia F, Mathew AV, Ronsein GE, Thornock C, Irwin AD, Kansal M, Rao PS, Dobre M, Al-Kindi S, Weir MR, Go A, He J, Chen J, Feldman H, Bornfeldt KE, Pennathur S. Low concentrations of medium-sized HDL particles predict incident CVD in chronic kidney disease patients. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100381. [PMID: 37100172 PMCID: PMC10323925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at high risk for CVD. However, traditional CVD risk factors cannot completely explain the increased risk. Altered HDL proteome is linked with incident CVD in CKD patients, but it is unclear whether other HDL metrics are associated with incident CVD in this population. In the current study, we analyzed samples from two independent prospective case-control cohorts of CKD patients, the Clinical Phenotyping and Resource Biobank Core (CPROBE) and the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC). We measured HDL particle sizes and concentrations (HDL-P) by calibrated ion mobility analysis and HDL cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) by cAMP-stimulated J774 macrophages in 92 subjects from the CPROBE cohort (46 CVD and 46 controls) and in 91 subjects from the CRIC cohort (34 CVD and 57 controls). We tested associations of HDL metrics with incident CVD using logistic regression analysis. No significant associations were found for HDL-C or HDL-CEC in either cohort. Total HDL-P was only negatively associated with incident CVD in the CRIC cohort in unadjusted analysis. Among the six sized HDL subspecies, only medium-sized HDL-P was significantly and negatively associated with incident CVD in both cohorts after adjusting for clinical confounders and lipid risk factors with odds ratios (per 1-SD) of 0.45 (0.22-0.93, P = 0.032) and 0.42 (0.20-0.87, P = 0.019) for CPROBE and CRIC cohorts, respectively. Our observations indicate that medium-sized HDL-P-but not other-sized HDL-P or total HDL-P, HDL-C, or HDL-CEC-may be a prognostic cardiovascular risk marker in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohai Shao
- Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Farsad Afshinnia
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Anna V Mathew
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Graziella E Ronsein
- Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Carissa Thornock
- Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Angela D Irwin
- Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mayank Kansal
- Department of Cardiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Panduranga S Rao
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Mirela Dobre
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sadeer Al-Kindi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Matthew R Weir
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alan Go
- Department of Health System Science, Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA; Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Harold Feldman
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Karin E Bornfeldt
- Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Subramaniam Pennathur
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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5
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Kalbitzer T, Lobenhofer K, Martin S, Beck Erlach M, Kremer W, Kalbitzer HR. NMR derived changes of lipoprotein particle concentrations related to impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, or manifest type 2 diabetes mellitus. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:42. [PMID: 36964528 PMCID: PMC10037821 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01801-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and corresponding borderline states, impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and/or glucose tolerance (IGT), are associated with dyslipoproteinemia. It is important to distinguish between factors that cause T2D and that are the direct result of T2D. Methods The lipoprotein subclass patterns of blood donors with IFG, IGT, with IFG combined with IGT, and T2D are analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The development of lipoprotein patterns with time is investigated by using samples retained for an average period of 6 years. In total 595 blood donors are classified by oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT) and their glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) concentrations. Concentrations of lipoprotein particles of 15 different subclasses are analyzed in the 10,921 NMR spectra recorded under fasting and non-fasting conditions. The subjects are assumed healthy according to the strict regulations for blood donors before performing the oGTT. Results Under fasting conditions manifest T2D exhibits a significant concentration increase of the smallest HDL particles (HDL A) combined with a decrease in all other HDL subclasses. In contrast to other studies reviewed in this paper, a general concentration decrease of all LDL particles is observed that is most prominent for the smallest LDL particles (LDL A). Under normal nutritional conditions a large, significant increase of the concentrations of VLDL and chylomicrons is observed for all groups with IFG and/or IGT and most prominently for manifest T2D. As we show it is possible to obtain an estimate of the concentrations of the apolipoproteins Apo-A1, Apo-B100, and Apo-B48 from the NMR data. In the actual study cohort, under fasting conditions the concentrations of the lipoproteins are not increased significantly in T2D, under non-fasting conditions only Apo-B48 increases significantly. Conclusion In contrast to other studies, in our cohort of “healthy” blood donors the T2D associated dyslipoproteinemia does not change the total concentrations of the lipoprotein particles produced in the liver under fasting and non-fasting conditions significantly but only their subclass distributions. Compared to the control group, under non-fasting conditions participants with IGT and IFG or T2D show a substantial increase of plasma concentrations of those lipoproteins that are produced in the intestinal tract. The intestinal insulin resistance becomes strongly observable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Kalbitzer
- grid.7727.50000 0001 2190 5763Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry and Centre of Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry and Biomedicine, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kristina Lobenhofer
- grid.7727.50000 0001 2190 5763Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry and Centre of Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry and Biomedicine, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Silke Martin
- Blutspendedienst des Bayerischen Roten Kreuzes Gemeinnützige GmbH, Herzog-Heinrich-Straße 2, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Beck Erlach
- grid.7727.50000 0001 2190 5763Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry and Centre of Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry and Biomedicine, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Werner Kremer
- grid.7727.50000 0001 2190 5763Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry and Centre of Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry and Biomedicine, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hans Robert Kalbitzer
- grid.7727.50000 0001 2190 5763Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry and Centre of Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry and Biomedicine, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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6
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Changes in the size and electrophoretic mobility of HDL subpopulation particles in chronic kidney disease. J Nephrol 2023; 36:115-124. [PMID: 35943666 PMCID: PMC9894991 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-022-01412-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is a heterogeneous group of particles with anti-atherogenic properties whose metabolism is alterated in chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the particle size and mobility of HDL subpopulations in non-dialysis CKD patients. METHODS The study involved 42 non-dialysis CKD patients (stages 3a-4) and 18 control subjects. HDL was separated by non-denaturing two-dimensional polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGGE) and eight HDL subpopulations; preβ1, preβ2a-c, and α1-4 were distinguished. The size and electrophoretic mobility of HDL subpopulation particles were compared between the groups, and a regression analysis was conducted. RESULTS In CKD patients, the mean sizes of α-HDL and preβ2-HDL particles were significantly lower compared to the control group (8.42 ± 0.32 nm vs. 8.64 ± 0.26 nm, p = 0.014; 11.45 ± 0.51 vs. 12.34 ± 0.78 nm, p = 0.003, respectively). The electrophoretic mobility of preβ2-HDL relative to α-HDL was significantly higher in CKD patients compared to the control group (Rf 0.65 ± 0.06 vs. 0.53 ± 0.10, p = 0.002). The size and mobility of HDL subpopulations correlated with eGFR values (p < 0.01). These relationships remained statistically significant after adjusting for age, gender, statin treatment, apolipoprotein AI, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels. DISCUSSION CKD affects the size and mobility of HDL particles, which can be related to HDL dysfunction. The magnitude of HDL size and mobility changes depended on CKD stage and differed for individual HDL subpopulations, which indicates that some stages of HDL metabolism may be more affected by the presence of chronic kidney disease.
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7
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Jin Q, Lau ESH, Luk AO, Tam CHT, Ozaki R, Lim CKP, Wu H, Chow EYK, Kong APS, Lee HM, Fan B, Ng ACW, Jiang G, Lee KF, Siu SC, Hui G, Tsang CC, Lau KP, Leung JY, Tsang MW, Cheung EYN, Kam G, Lau IT, Li JK, Yeung VT, Lau E, Lo S, Fung S, Cheng YL, Chow CC, Yu W, Tsui SKW, Huang Y, Lan HY, Szeto CC, So WY, Jenkins AJ, Chan JCN, Ma RCW. High-density lipoprotein subclasses and cardiovascular disease and mortality in type 2 diabetes: analysis from the Hong Kong Diabetes Biobank. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2022; 21:293. [PMID: 36587202 PMCID: PMC9805680 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-022-01726-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High-density lipoproteins (HDL) comprise particles of different size, density and composition and their vasoprotective functions may differ. Diabetes modifies the composition and function of HDL. We assessed associations of HDL size-based subclasses with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality and their prognostic utility. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS HDL subclasses by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were determined in sera from 1991 fasted adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) consecutively recruited from March 2014 to February 2015 in Hong Kong. HDL was divided into small, medium, large and very large subclasses. Associations (per SD increment) with outcomes were evaluated using multivariate Cox proportional hazards models. C-statistic, integrated discrimination index (IDI), and categorial and continuous net reclassification improvement (NRI) were used to assess predictive value. RESULTS Over median (IQR) 5.2 (5.0-5.4) years, 125 participants developed incident CVD and 90 participants died. Small HDL particles (HDL-P) were inversely associated with incident CVD [hazard ratio (HR) 0.65 (95% CI 0.52, 0.81)] and all-cause mortality [0.47 (0.38, 0.59)] (false discovery rate < 0.05). Very large HDL-P were positively associated with all-cause mortality [1.75 (1.19, 2.58)]. Small HDL-P improved prediction of mortality [C-statistic 0.034 (0.013, 0.055), IDI 0.052 (0.014, 0.103), categorical NRI 0.156 (0.006, 0.252), and continuous NRI 0.571 (0.246, 0.851)] and CVD [IDI 0.017 (0.003, 0.038) and continuous NRI 0.282 (0.088, 0.486)] over the RECODe model. CONCLUSION Small HDL-P were inversely associated with incident CVD and all-cause mortality and improved risk stratification for adverse outcomes in people with T2D. HDL-P may be used as markers for residual risk in people with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Jin
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Eric S. H. Lau
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China ,grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Andrea O. Luk
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China ,grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China ,grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Claudia H. T. Tam
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China ,grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China ,grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China ,CUHK-SJTU Joint Research Centre on Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Risa Ozaki
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China ,grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Cadmon K. P. Lim
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China ,grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China ,grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China ,CUHK-SJTU Joint Research Centre on Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Hongjiang Wu
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China ,grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Elaine Y. K. Chow
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China ,grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China ,grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Alice P. S. Kong
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China ,grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China ,grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Heung Man Lee
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Baoqi Fan
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China ,grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China ,grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China ,CUHK-SJTU Joint Research Centre on Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Alex C. W. Ng
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Guozhi Jiang
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XSchool of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong China
| | - Ka Fai Lee
- grid.415591.d0000 0004 1771 2899Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Kwong Wah Hospital, Yau Ma Tei, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Shing Chung Siu
- grid.417347.20000 0004 1799 526XDiabetes Centre, Tung Wah Eastern Hospital, Sheung Wan, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Grace Hui
- grid.417347.20000 0004 1799 526XDiabetes Centre, Tung Wah Eastern Hospital, Sheung Wan, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Chiu Chi Tsang
- grid.413608.80000 0004 1772 5868Diabetes and Education Centre, Alice Ho Miu Ling Nethersole Hospital, Tai Po, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Kam Piu Lau
- grid.490321.d0000000417722990North District Hospital, Sheung Shui, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Jenny Y. Leung
- grid.416291.90000 0004 1775 0609Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Ruttonjee Hospital, Wan Chai, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Man-wo Tsang
- grid.417037.60000 0004 1771 3082Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, United Christian Hospital, Kwun Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Elaine Y. N. Cheung
- grid.417037.60000 0004 1771 3082Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, United Christian Hospital, Kwun Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Grace Kam
- grid.417037.60000 0004 1771 3082Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, United Christian Hospital, Kwun Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Ip Tim Lau
- grid.490601.a0000 0004 1804 0692Tseung Kwan O Hospital, Hang Hau, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - June K. Li
- grid.417335.70000 0004 1804 2890Department of Medicine, Yan Chai Hospital, Tsuen Wan, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Vincent T. Yeung
- grid.499546.30000 0000 9690 2842Centre for Diabetes Education and Management, Our Lady of Maryknoll Hospital, Wong Tai Sin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Emmy Lau
- grid.417134.40000 0004 1771 4093Department of Medicine, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Chai Wan, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Stanley Lo
- grid.417134.40000 0004 1771 4093Department of Medicine, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Chai Wan, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Samuel Fung
- grid.415229.90000 0004 1799 7070Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Princess Margaret Hospital, Lai Chi Kok, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Yuk Lun Cheng
- grid.413608.80000 0004 1772 5868Department of Medicine, Alice Ho Miu Ling Nethersole Hospital, Tai Po, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Chun Chung Chow
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Weichuan Yu
- grid.24515.370000 0004 1937 1450Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Stephen K. W. Tsui
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Yu Huang
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China ,grid.35030.350000 0004 1792 6846Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Hui-yao Lan
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China ,grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Cheuk Chun Szeto
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China ,grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Wing Yee So
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China ,grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China ,grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Alicia J. Jenkins
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China ,grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XNHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Juliana C. N. Chan
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China ,grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China ,grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China ,CUHK-SJTU Joint Research Centre on Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Ronald C. W. Ma
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China ,grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China ,grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China ,CUHK-SJTU Joint Research Centre on Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
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8
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Rief M, Raggam R, Rief P, Metnitz P, Stojakovic T, Reinthaler M, Brodmann M, März W, Scharnagl H, Silbernagel G. Comparison of Two Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Methods for the Measurement of Lipoprotein Particle Concentrations. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071766. [PMID: 35885071 PMCID: PMC9312544 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Measuring lipoprotein particle concentrations may help to improve cardiovascular risk stratification. Both the lipofit (Numares) and lipoprofile (LabCorp) NMR methods are widely used for the quantification of lipoprotein particle concentrations. Objective: The aim of the present work was to perform a method comparison between the lipofit and lipoprofile NMR methods. In addition, there was the objective to compare lipofit and lipoprofile measurements of standard lipids with clinical chemistry-based results. Methods: Total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol and triglycerides were measured with ß-quantification in serum samples from 150 individuals. NMR measurements of standard lipids and lipoprotein particle concentrations were performed by Numares and LabCorp. Results: For both NMR methods, differences of mean concentrations compared to ß-quantification-derived measurements were ≤5.5% for all standard lipids. There was a strong correlation between ß-quantification- and NMR-derived measurements of total and LDL cholesterol and triglycerides (all r > 0.93). For both, the lipofit (r = 0.81) and lipoprofile (r = 0.84) methods, correlation coefficients were lower for HDL cholesterol. There was a reasonable correlation between LDL and HDL lipoprotein particle concentrations measured with both NMR methods (both r > 0.9). However, mean concentrations of major and subclass lipoprotein particle concentrations were not as strong. Conclusions: The present analysis suggests that reliable measurement of standard lipids is possible with these two NMR methods. Harmonization efforts would be needed for better comparability of particle concentration data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Rief
- Division of General Anaesthesiology, Emergency- and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Graz, A-8036 Graz, Austria; (M.R.); (P.M.)
| | - Reinhard Raggam
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, A-8036 Graz, Austria; (R.R.); (P.R.); (M.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Peter Rief
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, A-8036 Graz, Austria; (R.R.); (P.R.); (M.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Philipp Metnitz
- Division of General Anaesthesiology, Emergency- and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Graz, A-8036 Graz, Austria; (M.R.); (P.M.)
| | - Tatjana Stojakovic
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Graz, A-8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Markus Reinthaler
- Department of Cardiology (CBF), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany;
- Institute of Biomaterial Science, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, 14513 Teltow, Germany
| | - Marianne Brodmann
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, A-8036 Graz, Austria; (R.R.); (P.R.); (M.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Winfried März
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, A-8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Hubert Scharnagl
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, A-8036 Graz, Austria;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-(0)316-385-86030
| | - Günther Silbernagel
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, A-8036 Graz, Austria; (R.R.); (P.R.); (M.B.); (G.S.)
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9
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High-Density Lipoprotein Subfractions: Much Ado about Nothing or Clinically Important? Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9070836. [PMID: 34356900 PMCID: PMC8301429 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are a heterogenous group of plasma molecules with a large variety in composition. There is a wide specter in lipid content and the number of different proteins that has been associated with HDL is approaching 100. Given this heterogeneity and the fact that the total amount of HDL is inversely related to the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), there has been increasing interest in the function of specific HDL subgroups and in what way measuring and quantifying these subgroups could be of clinical importance in determining individual CHD risk. If certain subgroups appear to be more protective than others, it may also in the future be possible to pharmacologically increase beneficial and decrease harmful subgroups in order to reduce CHD risk. In this review we give a short historical perspective, summarize some of the recent clinical findings regarding HDL subclassifications and discuss why such classification may or may not be of clinical relevance.
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10
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Matsushima-Nagata K, Sugiuchi H, Anraku K, Takao T, Kondo Y, Ishitsuka Y, Irikura M, Irie T, Matsumura T, Araki E, Sumida M, Katayama Y, Kayahara N. A homogeneous assay to determine high-density lipoprotein subclass cholesterol in serum. Anal Biochem 2020; 613:114019. [PMID: 33189705 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2020.114019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Existing methods to measure high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) subclasses (HDL2-C and HDL3-C) are complex and require proficiency, and thus there is a need for a convenient, homogeneous assay to determine HDL-C subclasses in serum. Here, cholesterol reactivities in lipoprotein fractions [HDL2, HDL3, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)] toward polyethylene glycol (PEG)-modified enzymes were determined in the presence of varying concentrations of dextran sulfate and magnesium nitrate. Particle sizes formed in the lipoprotein fractions were measured by dynamic light scattering. We optimized the concentrations of dextran sulfate and magnesium nitrate before assay with PEG-modified enzymes to provide selectivity for HDL3-C. On addition of dextran sulfate and magnesium nitrate, the sizes of particles of HDL2, LDL, and VLDL increased, but the size of HDL3 fraction particles remained constant, allowing only HDL3-C to participate in coupled reactions with the PEG-modified enzymes. In serum from both healthy volunteers and patients with type 2 diabetes, a good correlation was observed between the proposed assay and ultracentrifugation in the determination of HDL-C subclasses. The assay proposed here enables convenient and accurate determination of HDL-C subclasses in serum on a general automatic analyzer and enables low-cost routine diagnosis without preprocessing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Takako Takao
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Informatics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Kondo
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Informatics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoichi Ishitsuka
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Informatics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Irikura
- Laboratory of Evidence-Based Pharmacotherapy, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tetsumi Irie
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Informatics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Matsumura
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Eiichi Araki
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Mizuki Sumida
- Research Center, Hitachi Chemical Diagnostics Systems Co., Ltd., Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yuki Katayama
- Research Center, Hitachi Chemical Diagnostics Systems Co., Ltd., Shizuoka, Japan
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11
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Pappa E, Elisaf MS, Kostara C, Bairaktari E, Tsimihodimos VK. Cardioprotective Properties of HDL: Structural and Functional Considerations. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:2964-2978. [PMID: 30714519 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190201142321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As Mendelian Randomization (MR) studies showed no effect of variants altering HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels concerning Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) and novel therapeutic interventions aiming to raise HDL-C resulted to futility, the usefulness of HDL-C is unclear. OBJECTIVE As the role of HDL-C is currently doubtful, it is suggested that the atheroprotective functions of HDLs can be attributed to the number of HDL particles, and their characteristics including their lipid and protein components. Scientific interest has focused on HDL function and on the causes of rendering HDL particles dysfunctional, whereas the relevance of HDL subclasses with CVD remains controversial. METHODS The present review discusses changes in quality as much as in quantity of HDL in pathological conditions and the connection between HDL particle concentration and cardiovascular disease and mortality. Emphasis is given to the recently available data concerning the cholesterol efflux capacity and the parameters that determine HDL functionality, as well as to recent investigations concerning the associations of HDL subclasses with cardiovascular mortality. RESULTS MR studies or pharmacological interventions targeting HDL-C are not in favor of the hypothesis of HDL-C levels and the relationship with CVD. The search of biomarkers that relate with HDL functionality is needed. Similarly, HDL particle size and number exhibit controversial data in the context of CVD and further studies are needed. CONCLUSION There is no room for the old concept of HDL as a silver bullet,as HDL-C cannot be considered a robust marker and does not reflect the importance of HDL particle size and number. Elucidation of the complex HDL system, as well as the finding of biomarkers, will allow the development of any HDL-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Pappa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Moses S Elisaf
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Christina Kostara
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Eleni Bairaktari
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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12
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Singh K, Chandra A, Sperry T, Joshi PH, Khera A, Virani SS, Ballantyne CM, Otvos JD, Dullaart RPF, Gruppen EG, Connelly MA, Ayers CR, Rohatgi A. Associations Between High-Density Lipoprotein Particles and Ischemic Events by Vascular Domain, Sex, and Ethnicity: A Pooled Cohort Analysis. Circulation 2020; 142:657-669. [PMID: 32804568 PMCID: PMC7425196 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.045713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background: High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentration (HDL-C) is an established atheroprotective marker, in particular for coronary artery disease; however, HDL particle concentration (HDL-P) may better predict risk. The associations of HDL-C and HDL-P with ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction (MI) among women and Blacks have not been well studied. We hypothesized that HDL-P would consistently be associated with MI and stroke among women and Blacks compared with HDL-C. Methods: We analyzed individual-level participant data in a pooled cohort of 4 large population studies without baseline atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: DHS (Dallas Heart Study; n=2535), ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities; n=1595), MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis; n=6632), and PREVEND (Prevention of Renal and Vascular Endstage Disease; n=5022). HDL markers were analyzed in adjusted Cox proportional hazard models for MI and ischemic stroke. Results: In the overall population (n=15 784), HDL-P was inversely associated with the combined outcome of MI and ischemic stroke, adjusted for cardiometabolic risk factors (hazard ratio [HR] for quartile 4 [Q4] versus quartile 1 [Q1], 0.64 [95% CI, 0.52–0.78]), as was HDL-C (HR for Q4 versus Q1, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.61–0.94]). Adjustment for HDL-C did not attenuate the inverse relationship between HDL-P and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, whereas adjustment for HDL-P attenuated all associations between HDL-C and events. HDL-P was inversely associated with the individual end points of MI and ischemic stroke in the overall population, including in women. HDL-P was inversely associated with MI among White participants but not among Black participants (HR for Q4 versus Q1 for Whites, 0.49 [95% CI, 0.35–0.69]; for Blacks, 1.22 [95% CI, 0.76–1.98]; Pinteraction=0.001). Similarly, HDL-C was inversely associated with MI among White participants (HR for Q4 versus Q1, 0.53 [95% CI, 0.36–0.78]) but had a weak direct association with MI among Black participants (HR for Q4 versus Q1, 1.75 [95% CI, 1.08–2.83]; Pinteraction<0.0001). Conclusions: Compared with HDL-C, HDL-P was consistently associated with MI and ischemic stroke in the overall population. Differential associations of both HDL-C and HDL-P for MI by Black ethnicity suggest that atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk may differ by vascular domain and ethnicity. Future studies should examine individual outcomes separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavisha Singh
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (K.S., A.C., T.S., P.H.J., A.K., C.R.A., A.R.)
| | - Alvin Chandra
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (K.S., A.C., T.S., P.H.J., A.K., C.R.A., A.R.)
| | - Thomas Sperry
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (K.S., A.C., T.S., P.H.J., A.K., C.R.A., A.R.)
| | - Parag H Joshi
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (K.S., A.C., T.S., P.H.J., A.K., C.R.A., A.R.)
| | - Amit Khera
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (K.S., A.C., T.S., P.H.J., A.K., C.R.A., A.R.)
| | - Salim S Virani
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX (S.S.V.)
| | | | - James D Otvos
- Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings (LabCorp), Morrisville, NC (J.D.O., M.A.C.)
| | - Robin P F Dullaart
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands (R.P.F.D., E.G.G.)
| | - Eke G Gruppen
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands (R.P.F.D., E.G.G.)
| | - Margery A Connelly
- Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings (LabCorp), Morrisville, NC (J.D.O., M.A.C.)
| | - Colby R Ayers
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (K.S., A.C., T.S., P.H.J., A.K., C.R.A., A.R.)
| | - Anand Rohatgi
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (K.S., A.C., T.S., P.H.J., A.K., C.R.A., A.R.)
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13
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Sarkar S, Haberlen S, Whelton S, E Schneider E, Kingsley L, Palella F, Witt MD, Kelesidis T, Rodriguez A, Post WS, Brown TT. Greater IL-6, D-dimer, and ICAM-1 Levels Are Associated With Lower Small HDL Particle Concentration in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Open Forum Infect Dis 2019; 6:ofz474. [PMID: 32128324 PMCID: PMC7047959 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofz474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Low HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) is common in people living with HIV infection, which is associated with inflammation, and correlates with greater cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Particles of HDL are HDL subfractions, and in some general population studies, higher small HDL particle number (HDL-P) has been associated with lower CVD risk. The objective of this study was to determine whether HIV serostatus and systemic inflammation were associated with small HDL-P in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). METHOD The MACS is composed of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected men. Separate linear regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the associations between outcomes (small HDL-P, large HDL-P, total HDL-P, and HDL size) and variables of interest (interleukin-6 [IL-6], D-dimer, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 [ICAM-1] levels), with adjustment for other CVD risk factors. RESULTS The study population included 553 HIV-infected (88.1% on current ART) and 319 HIV-uninfected men. The mean age was 52.7 years for HIV-infected men and 55.3 years for HIV-uninfected men. In separate models of the study population, higher log IL-6 was associated with lower total and small HDL-P (P < .01 for both), independent of HIV serostatus and CVD risk factors. Similar results were seen with ICAM-1. Positive HIV serostatus was associated with lower small and total HDL-P, adjusted for inflammatory markers. CONCLUSIONS Greater systemic inflammation and HIV infection both were associated with lower atheroprotective small HDL-P. This may be a potential mechanism contributing to increased cardiovascular risk among HIV-infected people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipa Sarkar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sabina Haberlen
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Seamus Whelton
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Edward E Schneider
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lawrence Kingsley
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Frank Palella
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mallory D Witt
- Division of HIV Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Theodoros Kelesidis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Annabelle Rodriguez
- Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Wendy S Post
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Todd T Brown
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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14
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Despite advances in the research on HDL composition (lipidomics and proteomics) and functions (cholesterol efflux and antioxidative capacities), the relationship between HDL compositional and functional properties is not fully understood. We have reviewed the recent literature on this topic and pointed out the difficulties which limit our understanding of HDL's role in cardiovascular disease (CVD). RECENT FINDINGS Though current findings strongly support that HDL has a significant role in CVD, the underlying mechanisms by which HDL mitigates CVD risk are not clear. This review focuses on studies that investigate the cell-cholesterol efflux capacity and the proteomic and lipidomic characterization of HDL and its subfractions especially those that analyzed the relationship between HDL composition and functions. SUMMARY Recent studies on HDL composition and HDL functions have greatly contributed to our understanding of HDL's role in CVD. A major problem in HDL research is the lack of standardization of both the HDL isolation and HDL functionality methods. Data generated by different methods often produce discordant results on the particle number, size, lipid and protein composition, and the various functions of HDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bela F Asztalos
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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15
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The inverse association between HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been unequivocally proven in the past several decades. However, some interventions aiming to increase HDL-C failed to reduce CVD risk. HDL is structurally and functionally complex and HDL-associated metrics other than HDL-C, such as the concentration, composition, and functionality of HDL particles, have been considered as better determinants of CVD risk. A large body of recent research has addressed changes in HDL functions and HDL subpopulations in CVD with the goal of discovering novel and reliable biomarkers and targets for the treatment or prevention of CVD. RECENT FINDINGS We have reviewed recent findings on HDL composition, HDL particle concentrations, and cell-cholesterol efflux capacity that have lately contributed to our understanding of HDL's role in CVD. SUMMARY We point out that a major problem in HDL research is the lack of standardization of HDL assays that has led to discrepancies among studies. Therefore, there is a need for new standardized assays that capture the complexities of key HDL parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Niisuke
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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16
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Meeusen JW. Comparing Measures of HDL: On the Right Path with the Wrong Map. Clin Chem 2018; 64:424-426. [PMID: 29301750 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2017.284208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey W Meeusen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
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