1
|
Li X, Sham PC, Zhang YD. A Bayesian fine-mapping model using a continuous global-local shrinkage prior with applications in prostate cancer analysis. Am J Hum Genet 2024; 111:213-226. [PMID: 38171363 PMCID: PMC10870138 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of fine mapping is to identify genetic variants causally contributing to complex traits or diseases. Existing fine-mapping methods employ Bayesian discrete mixture priors and depend on a pre-specified maximum number of causal variants, which may lead to sub-optimal solutions. In this work, we propose a Bayesian fine-mapping method called h2-D2, utilizing a continuous global-local shrinkage prior. We also present an approach to define credible sets of causal variants in continuous prior settings. Simulation studies demonstrate that h2-D2 outperforms current state-of-the-art fine-mapping methods such as SuSiE and FINEMAP in accurately identifying causal variants and estimating their effect sizes. We further applied h2-D2 to prostate cancer analysis and discovered some previously unknown causal variants. In addition, we inferred 369 target genes associated with the detected causal variants and several pathways that were significantly over-represented by these genes, shedding light on their potential roles in prostate cancer development and progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Pak Chung Sham
- Department of Psychiatry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Centre for PanorOmic Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yan Dora Zhang
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Le T, Rojas PS, Fakunle M, Huang FW. Racial disparity in the genomics of precision oncology of prostate cancer. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2023; 6 Suppl 1:e1867. [PMID: 37565547 PMCID: PMC10440844 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Significant racial disparities in prostate cancer incidence and mortality have been reported between African American Men (AAM), who are at increased risk for prostate cancer, and European American Men (EAM). In most of the studies carried out on prostate cancer, this population is underrepresented. With the advancement of genome-wide association studies, several genetic predictor models of prostate cancer risk have been elaborated, as well as numerous studies that identify both germline and somatic mutations with clinical utility. RECENT FINDINGS Despite significant advances, the AAM population continues to be underrepresented in genomic studies, which can limit generalizability and potentially widen disparities. Here we outline racial disparities in currently available genomic applications that are used to estimate the risk of individuals developing prostate cancer and to identify personalized oncology treatment strategies. While the incidence and mortality of prostate cancer are different between AAM and EAM, samples from AAM remain to be unrepresented in different studies. CONCLUSION This disparity impacts the available genomic data on prostate cancer. As a result, the disparity can limit the predictive utility of the genomic applications and may lead to the widening of the existing disparities. More studies with substantially higher recruitment and engagement of African American patients are necessary to overcome this disparity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tu Le
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of MedicineSan Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical CenterSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Pilar Soto Rojas
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of OncologyHospital Universitario Virgen MacarenaSevilleSpain
| | - Mary Fakunle
- Department of UrologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Franklin W. Huang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of MedicineSan Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical CenterSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of UrologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Chan Zuckerberg BiohubSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Institute for Human GeneticsUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences InstituteUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Benioff Initiative for Prostate Cancer ResearchUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Koistinen H, Kovanen RM, Hollenberg MD, Dufour A, Radisky ES, Stenman UH, Batra J, Clements J, Hooper JD, Diamandis E, Schilling O, Rannikko A, Mirtti T. The roles of proteases in prostate cancer. IUBMB Life 2023; 75:493-513. [PMID: 36598826 PMCID: PMC10159896 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Since the proposition of the pro-invasive activity of proteolytic enzymes over 70 years ago, several roles for proteases in cancer progression have been established. About half of the 473 active human proteases are expressed in the prostate and many of the most well-characterized members of this enzyme family are regulated by androgens, hormones essential for development of prostate cancer. Most notably, several kallikrein-related peptidases, including KLK3 (prostate-specific antigen, PSA), the most well-known prostate cancer marker, and type II transmembrane serine proteases, such as TMPRSS2 and matriptase, have been extensively studied and found to promote prostate cancer progression. Recent findings also suggest a critical role for proteases in the development of advanced and aggressive castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Perhaps the most intriguing evidence for this role comes from studies showing that the protease-activated transmembrane proteins, Notch and CDCP1, are associated with the development of CRPC. Here, we review the roles of proteases in prostate cancer, with a special focus on their regulation by androgens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannu Koistinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
| | - Ruusu-Maaria Kovanen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pathology, HUS Diagnostic Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Morley D Hollenberg
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology and Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Antoine Dufour
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology and Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Evette S. Radisky
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, U.S.A
| | - Ulf-Håkan Stenman
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
| | - Jyotsna Batra
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Judith Clements
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - John D. Hooper
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Eleftherios Diamandis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Oliver Schilling
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Antti Rannikko
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Urology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuomas Mirtti
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pathology, HUS Diagnostic Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lehto TPK, Kovanen RM, Lintula S, Malén A, Stürenberg C, Erickson A, Pulkka OP, Stenman UH, Diamandis EP, Rannikko A, Mirtti T, Koistinen H. Prognostic impact of kallikrein-related peptidase transcript levels in prostate cancer. Int J Cancer 2023. [PMID: 37139608 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to study mRNA levels and prognostic impact of all 15 human kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) and their targets, proteinase-activated receptors (PARs), in surgically treated prostate cancer (PCa). Seventy-nine patients with localized grade group 2-4 PCas represented aggressive cases, based on metastatic progression during median follow-up of 11 years. Eighty-six patients with similar baseline characteristics, but no metastasis during follow-up, were assigned as controls. Transcript counts were detected with nCounter technology. KLK12 protein expression was investigated with immunohistochemistry. The effects of KLK12 and KLK15 were studied in LNCaP cells using RNA interference. KLK3, -2, -4, -11, -15, -10 and -12 mRNA, in decreasing order, were expressed over limit of detection (LOD). The expression of KLK2, -3, -4 and -15 was decreased and KLK12 increased in aggressive cancers, compared to controls (P < .05). Low KLK2, -3 and -15 expression was associated with short metastasis-free survival (P < .05) in Kaplan-Meier analysis. PAR1 and -2 were expressed over LOD, and PAR1 expression was higher, and PAR2 lower, in aggressive cases than controls. Together, KLKs and PARs improved classification of metastatic and lethal disease over grade, pathological stage and prostate-specific antigen combined, in random forest analyses. Strong KLK12 immunohistochemical staining was associated with short metastasis-free and PCa-specific survival in Kaplan-Meier analysis (P < .05). Knock-down of KLK15 reduced colony formation of LNCaP cells grown on Matrigel basement membrane preparation. These results support the involvement of several KLKs in PCa progression, highlighting, that they may serve as prognostic PCa biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timo-Pekka K Lehto
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Urology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ruusu-Maaria Kovanen
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Susanna Lintula
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Adrian Malén
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carolin Stürenberg
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andrew Erickson
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- iCAN-Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli-Pekka Pulkka
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ulf-Håkan Stenman
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eleftherios P Diamandis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Antti Rannikko
- Department of Urology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- iCAN-Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuomas Mirtti
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- iCAN-Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Hannu Koistinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Srinivasan S, Kryza T, Bock N, Tse BWC, Sokolowski KA, Panchadsaram J, Moya L, Stephens C, Dong Y, Röhl J, Alinezhad S, Vela I, Perry-Keene JL, Buzacott K, Gago-Dominguez M, Schleutker J, Maier C, Muir K, Tangen CM, Gronberg H, Pashayan N, Albanes D, Wolk A, Stanford JL, Berndt SI, Mucci LA, Koutros S, Cussenot O, Sorensen KD, Grindedal EM, Key TJ, Haiman CA, Giles GG, Vega A, Wiklund F, Neal DE, Kogevinas M, Stampfer MJ, Nordestgaard BG, Brenner H, Gamulin M, Claessens F, Melander O, Dahlin A, Stattin P, Hallmans G, Häggström C, Johansson R, Thysell E, Rönn AC, Li W, Brown N, Dimeski G, Shepherd B, Dadaev T, Brook MN, Spurdle AB, Stenman UH, Koistinen H, Kote-Jarai Z, Klein RJ, Lilja H, Ecker RC, Eeles R, Clements J, Batra J. Biochemical activity induced by a germline variation in KLK3 (PSA) associates with cellular function and clinical outcome in prostate cancer. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2650312. [PMID: 37034758 PMCID: PMC10081352 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2650312/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Genetic variation at the 19q13.3 KLK locus is linked with prostate cancer susceptibility. The non-synonymous KLK3 SNP, rs17632542 (c.536T>C; Ile163Thr-substitution in PSA) is associated with reduced prostate cancer risk, however, the functional relevance is unknown. Here, we identify that the SNP variant-induced change in PSA biochemical activity as a previously undescribed function mediating prostate cancer pathogenesis. The 'Thr' PSA variant led to small subcutaneous tumours, supporting reduced prostate cancer risk. However, 'Thr' PSA also displayed higher metastatic potential with pronounced osteolytic activity in an experimental metastasis in-vivo model. Biochemical characterization of this PSA variant demonstrated markedly reduced proteolytic activity that correlated with differences in in-vivo tumour burden. The SNP is associated with increased risk for aggressive disease and prostate cancer-specific mortality in three independent cohorts, highlighting its critical function in mediating metastasis. Carriers of this SNP allele had reduced serum total PSA and a higher free/total PSA ratio that could contribute to late biopsy decisions and delay in diagnosis. Our results provide a molecular explanation for the prominent 19q13.3 KLK locus, rs17632542 SNP, association with a spectrum of prostate cancer clinical outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srilakshmi Srinivasan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland (QLD), Australia
| | - Thomas Kryza
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nathalie Bock
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland (QLD), Australia
| | - Brian WC Tse
- Preclinical Imaging Facility, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kamil A. Sokolowski
- Preclinical Imaging Facility, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Janaththani Panchadsaram
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland (QLD), Australia
| | - Leire Moya
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland (QLD), Australia
| | - Carson Stephens
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland (QLD), Australia
| | - Ying Dong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
| | - Joan Röhl
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
| | - Saeid Alinezhad
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland (QLD), Australia
| | - Ian Vela
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Department of Urology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Joanna L. Perry-Keene
- Pathology Queensland, Sunshine Coast University Hospital Laboratory, Birtinya, Sunshine Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Katie Buzacott
- Pathology Queensland, Sunshine Coast University Hospital Laboratory, Birtinya, Sunshine Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - The IMPACT Study
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Manuela Gago-Dominguez
- Genomic Medicine Group, Galician Foundation of Genomic Medicine, IDIS, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - The PROFILE Study Steering Committee
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Ronald and Rita McAulay Foundation, London, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Johanna Schleutker
- Institute of Biomedicine, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20014 University of Turku, Finland
- Department of Medical Genetics, Genomics, Laboratory Division, Turku University Hospital, PO Box 52, 20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Christiane Maier
- Humangenetik Tuebingen, Paul-Ehrlich-Str 23, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Kenneth Muir
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Catherine M. Tangen
- SWOG Statistical Center, Division of Public Health Sciences
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Henrik Gronberg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nora Pashayan
- Department of Applied Health Research, University College London, London, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Laboratory, Worts Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Janet L. Stanford
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, 98109-1024, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sonja I. Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | - Lorelei A. Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology,Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stella Koutros
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | - Olivier Cussenot
- CeRePP and Sorbonne Universite, GRC N°5 AP-HP, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Karina Dalsgaard Sorensen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University & Department of Molecular Medicine (MOMA), Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8200 Aarhus N., Denmark
| | | | - Timothy J. Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christopher A. Haiman
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Graham G. Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology & Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ana Vega
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica-SERGAS, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Biomedical Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Fredrik Wiklund
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David E. Neal
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, England
- Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, England
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Meir J. Stampfer
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Børge G. Nordestgaard
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marija Gamulin
- Division of Medical Oncology, Urogenital Unit, Department of Oncology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Frank Claessens
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Olle Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anders Dahlin
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Pär Stattin
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Göran Hallmans
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Christel Häggström
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Biobank Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Elin Thysell
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ann-Charlotte Rönn
- Clinical Research Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Weiqiang Li
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genome Technology, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nigel Brown
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Goce Dimeski
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Benjamin Shepherd
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Tokhir Dadaev
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Mark N. Brook
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Amanda B. Spurdle
- Molecular Cancer Epidemiology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ulf-Håkan Stenman
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannu Koistinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Zsofia Kote-Jarai
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Robert J. Klein
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genome Technology, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hans Lilja
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, England
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine, Surgery (Urology Service) and Medicine (Genitourinary Oncology), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Rupert C. Ecker
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland (QLD), Australia
- TissueGnostics GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rosalind Eeles
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - The Australian Prostate Cancer BioResource
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland (QLD), Australia
| | - Judith Clements
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland (QLD), Australia
| | - Jyotsna Batra
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland (QLD), Australia
- Centre for Genomic and Personalised Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Srinivasan S, Kryza T, Batra J, Clements J. Remodelling of the tumour microenvironment by the kallikrein-related peptidases. Nat Rev Cancer 2022; 22:223-238. [PMID: 35102281 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-021-00436-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) are critical regulators of the tumour microenvironment. KLKs are proteolytic enzymes regulating multiple functions of bioactive molecules including hormones and growth factors, membrane receptors and the extracellular matrix architecture involved in cancer progression and metastasis. Perturbations of the proteolytic cascade generated by these peptidases, and their downstream signalling actions, underlie tumour emergence or blockade of tumour growth. Recent studies have also revealed their role in tumour immune suppression and resistance to cancer therapy. Here, we present an overview of the complex biology of the KLK family and its context-dependent nature in cancer, and discuss the different therapeutic strategies available to potentially target these proteases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srilakshmi Srinivasan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Thomas Kryza
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jyotsna Batra
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Medicine, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Judith Clements
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Koistinen H, Künnapuu J, Jeltsch M. KLK3 in the Regulation of Angiogenesis-Tumorigenic or Not? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413545. [PMID: 34948344 PMCID: PMC8704207 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this focused review, we address the role of the kallikrein-related peptidase 3 (KLK3), also known as prostate-specific antigen (PSA), in the regulation of angiogenesis. Early studies suggest that KLK3 is able to inhibit angiogenic processes, which is most likely dependent on its proteolytic activity. However, more recent evidence suggests that KLK3 may also have an opposite role, mediated by the ability of KLK3 to activate the (lymph)angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factors VEGF-C and VEGF-D, further discussed in the review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannu Koistinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Correspondence: (H.K.); (M.J.)
| | - Jaana Künnapuu
- Drug Research Program, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Michael Jeltsch
- Drug Research Program, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
- Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Wihuri Research Institute, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Correspondence: (H.K.); (M.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Long L, Pang XX, Zeng FM, Zhan XH, Xie YH, Pan F, Wang W, Liao LD, Xu XE, Li B, Wang LD, Chang ZJ, Li EM, Xu LY. Promotion of rs3746804 (p. L267P) polymorphism to intracellular SLC52A3a trafficking and riboflavin transportation in esophageal cancer cells. Amino Acids 2021; 53:1197-1209. [PMID: 34223992 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-03025-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Riboflavin is an essential micronutrient for normal cellular growth and function. Lack of dietary riboflavin is associated with an increased risk for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Previous studies have identified that the human riboflavin transporter SLC52A3a isoform (encoded by SLC52A3) plays a prominent role in esophageal cancer cell riboflavin transportation. Furthermore, SLC52A3 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms rs3746804 (T>C, L267P) and rs3746803 (C >T, T278M) are associated with ESCC risk. However, whether SLC52A3a (p.L267P) and (p.T278M) act in riboflavin transportation in esophageal cancer cell remains inconclusive. Here, we constructed the full-length SLC52A3a protein fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP-SLC52A3a-WT and mutants L267P, T278M, and L267P/T278M). It was confirmed by immunofluorescence-based confocal microscopy that SLC52A3a-WT, L267P, T278M, and L267P/T278M expressed in cell membrane, as well as in a variety of intracellular punctate structures. The live cell confocal imaging showed that SLC52A3a-L267P and L267P/T278M increased the intracellular trafficking of SLC52A3a in ESCC cells. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching of GFP-tagged SLC52A3a meant that intracellular trafficking of SLC52A3a-L267P and L267P/T278M was rapid dynamics process, leading to its stronger ability to transport riboflavin. Taken together, the above results indicated that the rs3746804 (p.L267P) polymorphism promoted intracellular trafficking of SLC52A3a and riboflavin transportation in ESCC cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Long
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Pang
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Fa-Min Zeng
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiu-Hui Zhan
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying-Hua Xie
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Feng Pan
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Lian-Di Liao
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiu-E Xu
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Changchun, China
| | - Li-Dong Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory for Cancer Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Jie Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - En-Min Li
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China.
| | - Li-Yan Xu
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Meehan J, Gray M, Martínez-Pérez C, Kay C, McLaren D, Turnbull AK. Tissue- and Liquid-Based Biomarkers in Prostate Cancer Precision Medicine. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11070664. [PMID: 34357131 PMCID: PMC8306523 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11070664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, prostate cancer (PC) is the second-most-frequently diagnosed male cancer and the fifth-most-common cause of all cancer-related deaths. Suspicion of PC in a patient is largely based upon clinical signs and the use of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. Although PSA levels have been criticised for a lack of specificity, leading to PC over-diagnosis, it is still the most commonly used biomarker in PC management. Unfortunately, PC is extremely heterogeneous, and it can be difficult to stratify patients whose tumours are unlikely to progress from those that are aggressive and require treatment intensification. Although PC-specific biomarker research has previously focused on disease diagnosis, there is an unmet clinical need for novel prognostic, predictive and treatment response biomarkers that can be used to provide a precision medicine approach to PC management. In particular, the identification of biomarkers at the time of screening/diagnosis that can provide an indication of disease aggressiveness is perhaps the greatest current unmet clinical need in PC management. Largely through advances in genomic and proteomic techniques, exciting pre-clinical and clinical research is continuing to identify potential tissue, blood and urine-based PC-specific biomarkers that may in the future supplement or replace current standard practices. In this review, we describe how PC-specific biomarker research is progressing, including the evolution of PSA-based tests and those novel assays that have gained clinical approval. We also describe alternative diagnostic biomarkers to PSA, in addition to biomarkers that can predict PC aggressiveness and biomarkers that can predict response to certain therapies. We believe that novel biomarker research has the potential to make significant improvements to the clinical management of this disease in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Meehan
- Translational Oncology Research Group, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; (C.M.-P.); (C.K.); (A.K.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Mark Gray
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK;
| | - Carlos Martínez-Pérez
- Translational Oncology Research Group, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; (C.M.-P.); (C.K.); (A.K.T.)
- Breast Cancer Now Edinburgh Research Team, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Charlene Kay
- Translational Oncology Research Group, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; (C.M.-P.); (C.K.); (A.K.T.)
- Breast Cancer Now Edinburgh Research Team, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Duncan McLaren
- Edinburgh Cancer Centre, Western General Hospital, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK;
| | - Arran K. Turnbull
- Translational Oncology Research Group, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; (C.M.-P.); (C.K.); (A.K.T.)
- Breast Cancer Now Edinburgh Research Team, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Glycobiology is a glycan-based field of study that focuses on the structure, function, and biology of carbohydrates, and glycomics is a sub-study of the field of glycobiology that aims to define structure/function of glycans in living organisms. With the popularity of the glycobiology and glycomics, application of computational modeling expanded in the scientific area of glycobiology over the last decades. The recent availability of progressive Wet-Lab methods in the field of glycobiology and glycomics is promising for the impact of systems biology on the research area of the glycome, an emerging field that is termed “systems glycobiology.” This chapter will summarize the up-to-date leading edge in the use of bioinformatics tools in the field of glycobiology. The chapter provides basic knowledge both for glycobiologists interested in the application of bioinformatics tools and scientists of computational biology interested in studying the glycome.
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang W, Liu K, Zhang P, Cheng W, Zhang Y, Li L, Yu Z, Chen M, Chen L, Li L, Zhang X. All-in-one approaches for rapid and highly specific quantifcation of single nucleotide polymorphisms based on ligase detection reaction using molecular beacons as turn-on probes. Talanta 2020; 224:121717. [PMID: 33378999 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Rapid, simple, specific and sensitive approaches for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) detection are essential for clinical diagnosis. In this study, all-in-one approaches, consisting of the whole detection process including ligase detection reaction (LDR) and real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction performed in one PCR tube by a one-step operation on a real-time PCR system using molecular beacon (MB) as turn-on probe, were developed for rapid, simple, specific and sensitive quantifcation of SNPs. High specificity of the all-in-one approach was achieved by using the LDR, which employs a thermostable and single-base discerning Hifi Taq DNA ligase to ligate adjacently hybridized LDR-specific probes. In addition, a highly specific probe, MB, was used to detect the products of all-in-one approach, which doubly enhances the specificity of the all-in-one approach. The linear dynamic range and high sensitivity of mutant DNA (MutDNA) and wild-type DNA (WtDNA) all-in-one approaches for the detection of MutDNA and WtDNA were studied in vitro, with a broad linear dynamic range of 0.1 fM to 1 pM and detection limits of 65.3 aM and 31.2 aM, respectively. In addition, the MutDNA and WtDNA all-in-one approaches were able to accurately detect allele frequency changes as low as 0.1%. In particular, the epidermal growth factor receptor T790M MutDNA frequency in the tissue of five patients with non-small cell lung cancer detected by all-in-one approaches were in agreement with clinical detection results, indicating the excellent practicability of the developed approaches for the quantification of SNPs in real samples. In summary, the developed all-in-one approaches exhibited promising potential for further applications in clinical diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wancun Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, China; Department of Pediatric Oncology Surgery, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, China
| | - Kangbo Liu
- Biological Testing Room, Henan Medical Equipment Inspection Institute, Henan Medical Equipment Inspection and Testing Engineering Technology Research Center, Henan Medical Equipment Biotechnology and Application Engineering Research Center, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Pin Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, China
| | - Weyland Cheng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, China
| | - Yaodong Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, China
| | - Linfei Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, China
| | - Zhidan Yu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, China
| | - Mengmeng Chen
- Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, China.
| | - Lin Chen
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Drug Discovery of Small Molecules, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology of Natural Products, Huanghe Science and Technology College, 450063, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Lifeng Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, China; Departments of Neonatology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Xianwei Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Oncology Surgery, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Moradi A, Srinivasan S, Clements J, Batra J. Beyond the biomarker role: prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in the prostate cancer microenvironment. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2020; 38:333-346. [PMID: 31659564 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-019-09815-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test is the accepted biomarker of tumor recurrence. PSA levels in serum correlate with disease progression, though its diagnostic accuracy is questionable. As a result, significant progress has been made in developing modified PSA tests such as PSA velocity, PSA density, 4Kscore, PSA glycoprofiling, Prostate Health Index, and the STHLM3 test. PSA, a serine protease, is secreted from the epithelial cells of the prostate. PSA has been suggested as a molecular target for prostate cancer therapy due to the fact that it is not only active in prostate tissue but also has a pivotal role on prostate cancer signaling pathways including proliferation, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, apoptosis, immune response, and tumor microenvironment regulation. Here, we summarize the current standing of PSA in prostate cancer progression as well as its utility in prostate cancer therapeutic approaches with an emphasis on the role of PSA in the tumor microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Moradi
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Srilakshmi Srinivasan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Judith Clements
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jyotsna Batra
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia. .,Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Elek Z, Kovács Z, Keszler G, Szabó M, Csanky E, Luo J, Guttman A, Rónai Z. High Throughput Multiplex SNP-analysis in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Lung Cancer. Curr Mol Med 2020; 20:185-193. [DOI: 10.2174/1566524019666191017123446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background:
A number of human inflammatory diseases and tumors have
been shown to cause alterations in the glycosylation pattern of plasma proteins in a specific
manner. These highly variable and versatile post-translational modifications finetune
protein functions by influencing sorting, folding, enzyme activity and subcellular
localization. However, relatively little is known about regulatory factors of this procedure
and about the accurate causative connection between glycosylation and disease.
Objective:
The aim of the present study was to investigate whether certain single nucleotide
polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes encoding glycosyltransferases and glycosidases
could be associated with elevated risk for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD) and lung adenocarcinoma.
Methods:
A total of 32 SNPs localized in genes related to N-glycosylation were selected
for the association analysis. Polymorphisms with putative biological functions (missense
or regulatory variants) were recruited. SNPs were genotyped by a TaqMan OpenArray
platform. A single base extension-based method in combination with capillary gel electrophoresis
was used for verification.
Results:
The TaqMan OpenArray approach provided accurate and reliable genotype
data (global call rate: 94.9%, accuracy: 99.6%). No significant discrepancy was detected
between the obtained and expected genotype frequency values (Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium)
in the healthy control sample group in case of any SNP confirming reliable sampling
and genotyping. Allele frequencies of the rs3944508 polymorphism localized in the
3’ UTR of the MGAT5 gene significantly differed between the sample groups compared.
Conclusion:
Our results suggest that the rs34944508 SNP might modulate the risk for
lung cancer by influencing the expression of MGAT5. This enzyme catalyzes the addition
of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) in beta 1-6 linkage to the alpha-linked mannose of
biantennary N-linked oligosaccharides, thus, increasing branching that is the characteristic
of invasive malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Elek
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Kovács
- Horvath Csaba Memorial Laboratory of Bioseparation Sciences, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 98 Nagyerdei krt., Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Gergely Keszler
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | - Jane Luo
- SCIEX Separations, Brea, CA 92821, United States
| | | | - Zsolt Rónai
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kunej T. Rise of Systems Glycobiology and Personalized Glycomedicine: Why and How to Integrate Glycomics with Multiomics Science? OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2019; 23:615-622. [PMID: 31651212 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2019.0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glycomics is a rapidly emerging subspecialty of system sciences that evaluates the structures and functions of glycans in biological systems. Moreover, glycomics informs allied scholarships such as systems glycobiology and personalized glycomedicine that collectively aim to explain the role of glycans in person-to-person and between-population variations in disease susceptibility and response to health interventions such as drugs, nutrition, and vaccines. For glycomics to make greater, systems-scale, contributions to biology and medical research, it is facing a new developmental challenge: transition from single omics to multiomics integrative technology platforms. A comprehensive map of all possible connections between glycomics and other omics types has not yet been developed. Glycomics aims to discover a complex interplay of molecular interactions; however, little is known about the regulatory networks controlling these complex processes. In addition, the glycomics knowledgebase is presently scattered across various publications and databases, and therefore does not enable a holistic or systems view of this study field. Therefore, researchers are not always aware, for example, that a given analyzed genetic locus is linked with glycans, and that there are also glycomics determinants of complex phenotypes in health and biology. This review presents several published examples of glycomics science in association with other omics levels, such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, epigenomics, ncRNomics, lipidomics, and interactomics. I also highlight the salient knowledge gaps and suggest future research directions. Understanding the interconnections of glycomics with other omics technologies will facilitate multiomics science and knowledge integration, enhance development of systems glycobiology and personalized glycomedicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Kunej
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Animal Science, Domzale, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Matin F, Jeet V, Srinivasan S, Cristino AS, Panchadsaram J, Clements JA, Batra J. MicroRNA-3162-5p-Mediated Crosstalk between Kallikrein Family Members Including Prostate-Specific Antigen in Prostate Cancer. Clin Chem 2019; 65:771-780. [PMID: 31018918 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2018.295824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs mediate biological processes through preferential binding to the 3' untranslated region (3' UTR) of target genes. Studies have shown their association with prostate cancer (PCa) risk through single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), known as miRSNPs. In a European cohort, 22 PCa risk-associated miRSNPs have been identified. The most significant miRSNP in the 3' UTR of Kallikrein-related peptidase 3 (KLK3) created a binding site for miR-3162-5p. Here we investigated the miR-3162-5p-KLK interaction and the clinical implication of miR-3162-5p in PCa. METHODS We tested the role of miR-3162-5p in PCa etiology using IncuCyte live-cell imaging and anchorage-independent growth assays. The effect of miR-3162-5p on KLK and androgen receptor (AR) expression was measured by RT-quantitative (q)PCR and target pulldown assays. KLK3 proteolytic activity was determined by DELFIA® immunoassay. Mass spectrometry identified pathways affected by miR-3162-5p. miR-3162-5p expression was measured in clinical samples using RT-qPCR. RESULTS miR-3162-5p affected proliferation, migration, and colony formation of LNCaP cells by regulating the expression of KLK2-4 and AR by direct targeting. KLK3 protein expression was regulated by miR-3162-5p consistent with lower KLK3 proteolytic activity observed in LNCaP-conditioned media. KLK/AR pulldown and mass spectrometry analysis showed a potential role of miR-3162-5p in metabolic pathways via KLK/AR and additional targets. Increased miR-3162-5p expression was observed in prostate tumor tissues with higher Gleason grade. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides an insight into possible involvement of miR-3162-5p in PCa etiology by targeting KLKs and AR. It highlights clinical utility of miR-3162-5p and its interactive axis as a new class of biomarkers and therapeutic targets for PCa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farhana Matin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland (APCRC-Q), Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Varinder Jeet
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland (APCRC-Q), Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Srilakshmi Srinivasan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland (APCRC-Q), Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Alexandre S Cristino
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute (UQDI), Faculty of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Janaththani Panchadsaram
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland (APCRC-Q), Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Jyotsna Batra
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland (APCRC-Q), Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia;
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Scott E, Munkley J. Glycans as Biomarkers in Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1389. [PMID: 30893936 PMCID: PMC6470778 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in men, claiming over350,000 lives worldwide annually. Current diagnosis relies on prostate-specific antigen (PSA)testing, but this misses some aggressive tumours, and leads to the overtreatment of non-harmfuldisease. Hence, there is an urgent unmet clinical need to identify new diagnostic and prognosticbiomarkers. As prostate cancer is a heterogeneous and multifocal disease, it is likely that multiplebiomarkers will be needed to guide clinical decisions. Fluid-based biomarkers would be ideal, andattention is now turning to minimally invasive liquid biopsies, which enable the analysis oftumour components in patient blood or urine. Effective diagnostics using liquid biopsies willrequire a multifaceted approach, and a recent high-profile review discussed combining multipleanalytes, including changes to the tumour transcriptome, epigenome, proteome, and metabolome.However, the concentration on genomics-based paramaters for analysing liquid biopsies ispotentially missing a goldmine. Glycans have shown huge promise as disease biomarkers, anddata suggests that integrating biomarkers across multi-omic platforms (including changes to theglycome) can improve the stratification of patients with prostate cancer. A wide range ofalterations to glycans have been observed in prostate cancer, including changes to PSAglycosylation, increased sialylation and core fucosylation, increased O-GlcNacylation, theemergence of cryptic and branched N-glyans, and changes to galectins and proteoglycans. In thisreview, we discuss the huge potential to exploit glycans as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkersfor prostate cancer, and argue that the inclusion of glycans in a multi-analyte liquid biopsy test forprostate cancer will help maximise clinical utility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Scott
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK.
| | - Jennifer Munkley
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|