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Fagnani C, Gigantesco A, Giacomini G, Medda E. Connecting psychosocial and personality characteristics with mental health outcomes. An Italian co-twin control study. Prev Med Rep 2024; 37:102559. [PMID: 38192297 PMCID: PMC10772814 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Exposure to stressful life events is common, and it is linked to increased psychological issues. As most likely people respond to stressors depending on environmental and genetic factors, we assessed in a twin study the association of some personal characteristics such as resilience and self-perception with anxiety, depression and stress in the late Covid pandemic period, to verify the underlying genetic and shared familial components. With this design, the strength of the associations was compared between individual-level and intrapair-level analyses. From June 2020 to December 2021, the Italian Twin Registry conducted a three-wave longitudinal study among adult twins using validated questionnaires, and 1,763 adult twins participated in the study (mean age 46 years, 67 % females, 70 % monozygotic). A regression-based within-pair differences model was applied to control for genetic and shared environmental confounding. Results showed that anxiety was linked negatively with resilience, social support and perceived health, and positively with risk perception and hypochondria. Depression was associated negatively with resilience, social support and perceived health, and positively with financial concern and hypochondria. Stress was associated negatively with resilience and perceived health, and positively with financial concern, risk perception and hypochondria. These results suggest potential etiological effects of the above-mentioned risk factors. While our findings need to be confirmed by longitudinal studies, they propose potential etiological models for mental disorders, indicating that addressing in the clinical practice factors such as self-perception, personality traits (resilience), environmental resources (social support), and comorbid disorders (hypochondria) could have therapeutic benefits while treating certain common mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrado Fagnani
- Centre of Reference for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Antonella Gigantesco
- Centre of Reference for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Giacomini
- Centre of Reference for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, Rome 00161, Italy
- Department of Public Health Sciences and Pediatrics, University of Turin, via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Emanuela Medda
- Centre of Reference for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, Rome 00161, Italy
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Depression and Perceived Social Support among Unemployed Youths in China: Investigating the Roles of Emotion-Regulation Difficulties and Self-Efficacy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084676. [PMID: 35457545 PMCID: PMC9029286 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the issue of youth unemployment has begun to emerge in China. Unemployed young people are at high risk of depression and other mental health problems. The present study investigates influential factors related to depression and examines the possible mediating effects of difficulties in emotion regulation and self-efficacy between perceived social support and depressive symptoms among unemployed youths in China. Through community recruitment, 511 unemployed young people from Shanghai participated in this cross-sectional survey. The results demonstrate that the prevalence of probable depression in the sample was 49.3% (95% CI: 45.0-53.7%). Moreover, we found that both the perceived social support and self-efficacy were significant negative predictors of depression, whereas difficulties in emotion regulation were positive predictors of depression. In addition, the analysis results indicate that difficulties in emotion regulation and self-efficacy partially mediate the relationship between perceived social support and depression. Overall, this cross-sectional study reveals that depression and mental health problems among China's unemployed youths are concerning while identifying emotion-regulation difficulties as a risk factor for these and social support and self-efficacy as protective factors, all of which warrant our attention in preventing and intervening with cases of youth depression.
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Fu Z, Brouwer M, Kennis M, Williams A, Cuijpers P, Bockting C. Psychological factors for the onset of depression: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e050129. [PMID: 34326055 PMCID: PMC8323350 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A comprehensive overview of the evidence for factors derived from leading psychological theories of the onset of major depressive disorder (MDD) that underpin psychological interventions is scarce . We aimed to systematically investigate the prospective evidence for factors derived from the behavioural, cognitive, diathesis-stress, psychodynamic and personality-based theories for the first onset of MDD. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS Databases PubMed, PsycINFO, Cochrane and Embase and published articles were systematically searched from inception up to August 2019. Prospective, longitudinal studies that investigated theory-derived factors before the first onset of MDD, established by a clinical interview, were included. Screening, selection and data extraction of articles were conducted by two screeners. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation criteria were used to estimate level of confidence and risk of bias. Meta-analysis was conducted using random-effects models and mixed-method subgroup analyses. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Effect size of a factor predicting the onset of MDD (OR, risk ratio or HR). RESULTS From 42 133 original records published to August 2019, 26 studies met the inclusion criteria. Data were only available for the cognitive (n=6585) and personality-based (n=14 394) theories. Factors derived from cognitive theories and personality-based theories were related to increased odds of MDD onset (pooled OR=2.12, 95% CI: 1.12 to 4.00; pooled OR=2.43, 95% CI: 1.41 to 4.19). Publication bias and considerable heterogeneity were observed. CONCLUSION There is some evidence that factors derived from cognitive and personality-based theories indeed predict the onset of MDD (ie, dysfunctional attitudes and negative emotionality). There were no studies that prospectively studied factors derived from psychodynamic theories and not enough studies to examine the robust evidence for behavioural and diathesis-stress theories. Overall, the prospective evidence for psychological factors of MDD is limited, and more research on the leading psychological theories is needed. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42017073975.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongfang Fu
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marlies Brouwer
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mitzy Kennis
- ARQ National Psychotrauma Centre, ARQ centre of Expertise for the Impact of Disasters and Crises, Diemen, The Netherlands
| | - Alishia Williams
- Department of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Pim Cuijpers
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Claudi Bockting
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Colodro-Conde L, Couvey-Duchesne B, Zhu G, Coventry WL, Byrne EM, Gordon S, Wright MJ, Montgomery GW, Madden PAF, Ripke S, Eaves LJ, Heath AC, Wray NR, Medland SE, Martin NG. A direct test of the diathesis-stress model for depression. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:1590-1596. [PMID: 28696435 PMCID: PMC5764823 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The diathesis-stress theory for depression states that the effects of stress on the depression risk are dependent on the diathesis or vulnerability, implying multiplicative interactive effects on the liability scale. We used polygenic risk scores for major depressive disorder (MDD) calculated from the results of the most recent analysis from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium as a direct measure of the vulnerability for depression in a sample of 5221 individuals from 3083 families. In the same we also had measures of stressful life events and social support and a depression symptom score, as well as DSM-IV MDD diagnoses for most individuals. In order to estimate the variance in depression explained by the genetic vulnerability, the stressors and their interactions, we fitted linear mixed models controlling for relatedness for the whole sample as well as stratified by sex. We show a significant interaction of the polygenic risk scores with personal life events (0.12% of variance explained, P-value=0.0076) contributing positively to the risk of depression. Additionally, our results suggest possible differences in the aetiology of depression between women and men. In conclusion, our findings point to an extra risk for individuals with combined vulnerability and high number of reported personal life events beyond what would be expected from the additive contributions of these factors to the liability for depression, supporting the multiplicative diathesis-stress model for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Colodro-Conde
- Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia,Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain,Correspondence author: Lucía Colodro Conde, a Locked Bag 2000 Royal Brisbane Hospital. QLD 4029, Australia., t +61 7 3845 3018,
| | - Baptiste Couvey-Duchesne
- Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia,Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Gu Zhu
- Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - William L Coventry
- School of Behavioural and Social Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
| | - Enda M Byrne
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Scott Gordon
- Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Margaret J Wright
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia,Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Grant W Montgomery
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Pamela AF Madden
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, US
| | | | - Stephan Ripke
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, US,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsmedizin Berlin Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, DE,Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, US
| | - Lindon J Eaves
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, US
| | - Andrew C Heath
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, US
| | - Naomi R Wray
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia,Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sarah E Medland
- Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
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Scholz B, Crabb S, Wittert GA. "Males Don't Wanna Bring Anything Up To Their Doctor": Men's Discourses of Depression. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2017; 27:727-737. [PMID: 27055495 DOI: 10.1177/1049732316640294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Men experiencing depression may present with externalizing behaviors including avoidance, getting angry, or finding distractions rather than seeking help. General practitioners report that depression is harder to diagnose in men than in women. Research has not typically focused on men's accounts of depression; thus, the current study uses an exploratory design to better understand men's subjectivities of depression. A thematic framework informed the analysis of interviews with 10 men who had experienced high levels of depressive symptoms at least once within the prior 5 years, with two overarching discourses of depression discussed. The first relates to links between depression and health, including comorbid illnesses. The second relates to social contexts in which depression is experienced. These findings extend upon previous research suggesting medical practitioners have difficulty with competing biomedical and social discourses of depression, highlighting the importance of continuing to improve understandings of men's depression discourses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Scholz
- 1 University of Canberra, Bruce, Australia
- 2 The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- 3 Spur Projects, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Shona Crabb
- 2 The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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