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Zhao C, Huang Y, Cheng Y, Zhang R, Wang Y, Tong S, He J, Guo J, Xia F, Li Y, Yao X. Association between heatwaves and risk and economic burden of injury related hospitalizations in China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 259:119509. [PMID: 38945512 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Public health is greatly affected by heatwaves, especially as a result of climate change. It is unclear whether heatwaves affect injury hospitalization, especially as developing countries facing the impact of climate change. OBJECTIVES To assess the impact of heatwaves on injury-related hospitalization and the economic burden. METHODS The daily hospitalizations and meteorological data from 2014 to 2019 were collected from 23 study sites in 11 meteorological geographic zones in China. We conducted a two-stage time series analysis based on a time-stratified case-crossover design, combined with DLNM to assess the association between heatwaves and daily injury hospitalization, and to further assess the regional and national economic losses resulting from hospitalization by calculating excess hospitalization costs (direct economic losses) and labor losses (indirect economic losses). To determine the vulnerable groups and areas, we also carried out stratified analyses by age, sex, and region. RESULTS We found that 6.542% (95%CI: 3.939%, 9.008 %) of injury hospitalization were attributable to heatwaves during warm season (May to September) from 2014 to 2019. Approximately 361,447 injury hospitalizations were attributed to heatwaves each year in China, leading to an excess economic loss of 5.173 (95%CI: 3.104, 7.196) billion CNY, of which 3.114 (95%CI: 1.454, 4.720) billion CNY for males and 4.785 (95%CI: 3.203, 6.321) billion CNY for people aged 15-64 years. The attributable fraction (AF) of injury hospitalizations due to heatwaves was the highest in the plateau mountain climate zone, followed by the subtropical monsoon climate zone and the temperate monsoon climate zone. CONCLUSIONS Heatwaves significantly increase the disease and economic burden of injury hospitalizations, and vary across populations and regions. Our findings implicate the necessity for targeted measures, including raising public awareness, improving healthcare infrastructure, and developing climate resilience policies, to reduce the threat of heatwaves to vulnerable populations and the associated disease and economic burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhao
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Yushu Huang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China; Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, and Center of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yibin Cheng
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yu Wang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Shilu Tong
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China; School of Public Health, Institute of Environment and Population Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jiang He
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jia Guo
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Fan Xia
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yonghong Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Xiaoyuan Yao
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China.
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Iwuji CC, McMichael C, Sibanda E, Orievulu KS, Austin K, Ebi KL. Extreme weather events and disruptions to HIV services: a systematic review. Lancet HIV 2024:S2352-3018(24)00186-3. [PMID: 39393367 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-3018(24)00186-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extreme weather events pose a risk to health and disproportionately affect vulnerable groups, such as people living with HIV. We aimed to investigate the effects of extreme weather events on HIV testing uptake, HIV treatment and care, and HIV transmission. METHODS For this systematic review, we searched PubMed, Web of Science, and PsycINFO for peer-reviewed studies published between database inception and Aug 31, 2023. Eligible studies were English-language qualitative, quantitative observational (retrospective, prospective, cross-sectional, longitudinal, case-control, and cohort), and mixed-method studies, and randomised controlled trials related to HIV and extreme weather events. We excluded reviews, mathematical models, and case reports. After exporting the search results, two authors independently screened the titles and abstracts of identified articles, reviewing the full text of those that met the inclusion criteria. We used systems thinking to develop a framework linking extreme weather events and HIV and summarised the results using thematic narrative synthesis. FINDINGS Of the 6126 studies identified by the search, 27 met the inclusion criteria and were eligible for analysis, of which 19 were quantitative, six were qualitative, and two were mixed-method studies. We identified five main themes linking extreme weather events to HIV: economic and livelihood conditions (12 studies), psychosocial factors (19 studies), infrastructure damage and operational challenges (17 studies), migration and displacement (ten studies), and associated medical conditions and health-care needs (12 studies). We showed how these themes interact in complex ways, resulting in a reduction in uptake of HIV testing, interruption of HIV care and subsequent disease progression, altered risk behaviours, and an increased prevalence of HIV. INTERPRETATION Extreme weather events are associated with disruptions to HIV services. Owing to the design of the included studies, we could not establish a causal relationship between extreme weather events and HIV incidence, highlighting a research gap. Appropriate adaptations and mitigation policies that protect the health and wellbeing of people living with HIV during and after extreme weather events are warranted. Such actions will be crucial to achieving the UNAIDS goal of ending HIV as a public health threat by 2030. FUNDING None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collins C Iwuji
- Department of Global Health and Infection, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK; Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa.
| | - Celia McMichael
- School of Geography, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Euphemia Sibanda
- Centre for Sexual Health and HIV/AIDS Research (CeSHHAR) Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Department of International Public Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Kingsley S Orievulu
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa; Centre for Africa China Studies, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Kelly Austin
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, College of Arts and Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA
| | - Kristie L Ebi
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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3
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Bland A, Meyer A, Orrantia E, Hale I, Grzybowski S. Rural physician-community engagement: Building, supporting and maintaining resilient health care strategies in three rural Canadian communities. Aust J Rural Health 2024; 32:930-937. [PMID: 38923240 DOI: 10.1111/ajr.13154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore rural physician-community engagement through three case studies in order to understand the role that these relationships can play in increasing community-level resilience to climate change and ecosystem disruption. DESIGN Qualitative secondary case study analysis. SETTING Three Canadian rural communities (BC n = 2, Ontario n = 1). PARTICIPANTS Rural family physicians and community members. METHODS Twenty-eight semi-structured virtual interviews, conducted between November 2021 and February 2022, were included. Communities were selected from the larger data set based on data availability, level of physician engagement and demographic factors. Thematic analysis was completed in NVivo using deductive coding. MAIN FINDINGS The presented qualitative case studies shed light on the strategies employed by physicians to establish and foster relationships within rural communities during challenging circumstances. In Community A, the implementation of a Primary Care Society (PCS) not only addressed physician shortages but also facilitated the development of strong continuity of care through proactive recruitment efforts. Community B showcased the adoption of an 'intentional physician community' model, emphasising collaboration and community consultation, resulting in effective communication of public health directives and innovative interdisciplinary action during the COVID-19 pandemic. In Community C, engaged physicians and community advocates are aligned to contribute to the long-term sustainability of the rural community, particularly in the context of food security and climate change vulnerabilities. CONCLUSION These findings underscore the significance of trust building, transparent communication and collaboration in addressing health care challenges in rural areas and emphasise the need to recognise and support physicians as agents of change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Bland
- Centre for Rural Health Research, University of British Columbia, Department of Family Practice, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Anthon Meyer
- Rural Coordination Centre of BC, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Eliseo Orrantia
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ilona Hale
- University of British Columbia Department of Family Practice, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stefan Grzybowski
- Centre for Rural Health Research, University of British Columbia, Department of Family Practice, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Thanatrakolsri P, Sirithian D. Evaluation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Mitigation Measures at Thammasat University's Lampang Campus in Thailand. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INSIGHTS 2024; 18:11786302241253589. [PMID: 38756541 PMCID: PMC11097724 DOI: 10.1177/11786302241253589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Greenhouse gases (GHGs) are the primary drivers of global climate change. Human activities, particularly those related to energy production, transportation, and industry, have long contributed to the escalating levels of GHGs in the Earth's atmosphere. Recognizing the significance of this issue, universities, including Thammasat University, play a vital role in Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions research and education, carrying a responsibility to address the matter. This study is aimed aims to assess the greenhouse gas emissions and mitigation measures at Thammasat University (Lampang campus), Thailand. The emissions are categorized into 3 types: (1) direct GHG emissions; (2) energy-related indirect GHG emissions; and (3) other indirect GHG emissions. Activity data from the years 2019 to 2022 was used for the calculations, resulting in GHG emissions of 1051.70, 778.28, 558.64, and 1034.531 tons of carbon dioxide equivalent. Among these emissions, energy-related indirect GHG emissions from electricity purchases represent the majority, accounting for approximately 78.55% of the total emissions. Consequently, implementing mitigation strategies, such as solar panel installations and solid waste reduction (combined scenario), has the potential to reduce GHG emissions by up to 57.78%. Furthermore, the university should actively promote GHG emissions reduction through the enactment of energy-saving policies and the adoption of energy-efficient technologies to reduce reliance on energy purchases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pantitcha Thanatrakolsri
- Faculty of Public Health, Thammasat University, Lampang, Thailand
- Thammasat University Research Unit in Environment, Health and Epidemiology, Hangchat, Lampang, Thailand
| | - Duanpen Sirithian
- Faculty of Public Health, Thammasat University, Lampang, Thailand
- Thammasat University Research Unit in Environment, Health and Epidemiology, Hangchat, Lampang, Thailand
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Corrente A, Pace MC, Fiore M. Climate change and human health: Last call to arms for us. World J Clin Cases 2024; 12:1870-1874. [PMID: 38660546 PMCID: PMC11036518 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i11.1870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Climate change, now the foremost global health hazard, poses multifaceted challenges to human health. This editorial elucidates the extensive impact of climate change on health, emphasising the increasing burden of diseases and the exacerbation of health disparities. It highlights the critical role of the healthcare sector, particularly anaesthesia, in both contributing to and mitigating climate change. It is a call to action for the medical community to recognise and respond to the health challenges posed by climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Corrente
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, The Anastasia Guerriero Hospital, Marcianise 81025, Caserta, Italy
| | - Maria Caterina Pace
- Department of Women, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Marco Fiore
- Department of Women, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples 80138, Italy
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6
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Cantu AG. "I Thought It Was Just About Heat": Using the Community as Partner Model to Support Climate Change Education. Nurse Educ 2024; 49:116-117. [PMID: 37782947 DOI: 10.1097/nne.0000000000001530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adelita G Cantu
- Author Affiliation: Associate Professor, UT Health San Antonio School of Nursing, San Antonio, Texas
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7
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Nogueira L, Florez N. The Impact of Climate Change on Global Oncology. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2024; 38:105-121. [PMID: 37580192 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is the greatest threat to human health of our time, with significant implications for global cancer control efforts. The changing frequency and behavior of climate-driven extreme weather events results in more frequent and increasingly unanticipated disruptions in access to cancer care. Given the significant threat that climate change poses to cancer control efforts, oncology professionals should champion initiatives that help protect the health and safety of patients with cancer, such as enhancing emergency preparedness and response efforts and reducing emissions from our own professional activities, which has health cobenefits for the entire population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Nogueira
- Surveillance and Health Equity Sciences, American Cancer Society, Palm Harbor, FL, USA.
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8
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Golo MA, Han D, Ibrar M, Haroon MA. The influence of environment and Earnings on Prolonged existence and human fertility: A Deeper Dive into Asia's environmentally vulnerable nations. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22637. [PMID: 38107279 PMCID: PMC10724672 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This study inspects the impact of environmental deterioration and income on longevity and fertility in Asian countries, specifically the nations that are highly vulnerable to extreme weather. The study examines the data, covering two decades from 2000 to 2019. The empirical conclusions of the panel ARDL-PMG and the CS-ARDL econometric models indicate that environmental degradation leads to a decline in birth rate and life expectancy, while a rising income has a significant influence over longevity. However, increasing per capita income alone cannot solve the problem of population crisis in climatically susceptible countries. Therefore, the sample countries must prioritize climate action and formulate climate-resilient policies to add more years to the lives of their citizens. Similarly, for increasing childbirth the sample nations need to make peace with nature. The outcomes of this study are strong enough, as both the models support each other's findings, producing similar significant outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dongping Han
- School of Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Muhammad Ibrar
- Software College, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, China
| | - Muhammad Arshad Haroon
- Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology, Hyderabad-Campus Sindh Pakistan
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9
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Hernandez LV, Agrawal D, Skole KS, Crockett SD, Shimpi RA, von Renteln D, Pohl H. Meeting the environmental challenges of endoscopy: a pathway from strategy to implementation. Gastrointest Endosc 2023; 98:881-888.e1. [PMID: 37977670 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2023.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lyndon V Hernandez
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Deepak Agrawal
- Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kevin S Skole
- Department of Gastroenterology, Penn Medicine Princeton Medical Center, Plainsboro, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Rahul A Shimpi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Montreal University Hospital Center (CHUM) and Montreal University Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Daniel von Renteln
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dell Medical School, University Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Heiko Pohl
- Department of Gastroenterology, VA Medical Center, White River Junction, Vermont, USA; Department of Gastroenterology, VA Medical Center, White River Junction, Vermont; Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, New Hampshire, USA
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10
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Snow H, Hodgson R, Hii MW, Reeves F, Proud D, Lam T, Gyomber D, Dunne B. Environmentally sustainable surgery: A plea to act. ANZ J Surg 2023; 93:2562-2564. [PMID: 37458184 DOI: 10.1111/ans.18609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hayden Snow
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Western Health, Sunshine, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Russell Hodgson
- Division of Surgery, Northern Health, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael W Hii
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of HPB and Upper GI Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Fairleigh Reeves
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Urology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David Proud
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of General Surgery, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tracey Lam
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Epworth General Surgery Clinical Institute, Epworth HealthCare, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Western Health, Footscray, Australia
| | - Dennis Gyomber
- Division of Surgery, Northern Health, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Benjamin Dunne
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Royal Australasian College of Surgeons, Environmental Sustainability in Surgical Practice Working Party, Australia
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11
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Redvers N, Aubrey P, Celidwen Y, Hill K. Indigenous Peoples: Traditional knowledges, climate change, and health. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0002474. [PMID: 37831713 PMCID: PMC10575522 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Indigenous Peoples around the globe make up approximately six percent of the global population, yet they sustainably care for around eighty percent of the world's remaining biodiversity. Despite continued political, economic, and racial marginalization, as well as some of the worst health inequities on the planet, Indigenous Peoples have worked hard to maintain their cultures and languages against all odds. Indigenous Peoples' close connections to land, water, and ecosystems, however, have placed them at increasing vulnerability from the effects of climate change. With this, the health risks from climate change have unique considerations within Indigenous Nations for both mitigation and adaptation responses that are largely unappreciated. This Indigenous narrative review will synthesis the current climate and health landscape of Indigenous Peoples at a global, high-level scale, including relevant international mechanisms and considerations for Indigenous Peoples' health. This Indigenous narrative review will also explore and reflect on the strengths of Indigenous traditional knowledges as it pertains to climate change and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Redvers
- Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Arctic Indigenous Wellness Foundation, Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, Canada
- Department of Indigenous Health, University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States of America
| | - Paula Aubrey
- Department of Indigenous Health, University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States of America
| | - Yuria Celidwen
- Department of Psychology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Kyle Hill
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
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Sorensen C, Dresser C, Balakumar A, Wheat S, Yates E, Healy JP, Brown C, Butala N, Lehmann EY, Malina G, Redelmeier RJ, Hess JJ, Salas RN. Extramural US Federal Research Grants For Health Outcomes Associated With Climate Change Inadequate, Too Narrow In Focus. Health Aff (Millwood) 2023; 42:1289-1297. [PMID: 37669497 DOI: 10.1377/hlthaff.2022.01407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Climate change causes and exacerbates disease, creates and worsens health disparities, disrupts health care delivery, and imposes a significant disease burden in the US and globally. Critical knowledge gaps hinder an evidence-based response and are perpetuated by scarce federal research funds. We identified and described extramural US federal research funding (that is, grants provided to organizations and institutions outside of federal agencies) that both addressed health outcomes associated with climate change and was awarded between 2010 and 2020. During this eleven-year period, 102 grants met our criteria, totaling approximately $58.7 million, or approximately $5.3 million per year (2020 adjusted US dollars). Federal investments in climate change and health research during this period failed to address the breadth of climate-sensitive exposures, health outcomes, and impacts on vulnerable populations. Moving forward, in addition to increasing investment in climate and health research across all known hazards, critical attention should be placed on vulnerable populations and health equity. To achieve this, increased federal research coordination and cooperation are needed, as well as a mechanism to track this funding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caleb Dresser
- Caleb Dresser, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Arjun Balakumar
- Arjun Balakumar, University Hospital at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Stefan Wheat
- Stefan Wheat, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Elizabeth Yates
- Elizabeth Yates, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - James P Healy
- James P. Healy, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Connor Brown
- Connor Brown, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nirali Butala
- Nirali Butala, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | | | | | | | - Renee N Salas
- Renee N. Salas, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard University
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Freifeld AG, Todd AI, Khan AS. The climate crisis and healthcare: What do infection prevention and stewardship professionals need to know? ANTIMICROBIAL STEWARDSHIP & HEALTHCARE EPIDEMIOLOGY : ASHE 2023; 3:e136. [PMID: 37592967 PMCID: PMC10428152 DOI: 10.1017/ash.2023.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
The climate crisis calls for urgent action from every level of the US healthcare sector, starting with an acknowledgment of our own outsized contribution to greenhouse gas emissions (at least 8.5% of carbon emissions). As the climate continues to become warmer and wetter, the medical establishment must deal with increasing rates of pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases, heat-related illness, and emerging infectious diseases among many other health harms. Additionally, extreme weather events are causing healthcare delivery breakdown due to physical infrastructure damage, slowed supply chains, and workforce burden. Pathways for healthcare systems to meet these challenges are emerging. They entail significant measures to mitigate our carbon footprint, embrace shared and equity-driven governance, develop new metrics of accountability, and build more resilience into our care delivery processes. We call upon SHEA to play a unique leadership role in the fight for sustainable, equitable, and efficient health care in a rapidly changing climate that immediately threatens human well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison G. Freifeld
- Department of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Alexandra I. Todd
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Public Health, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Ali S. Khan
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Public Health, Omaha, Nebraska
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14
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Choi HM, Bell ML. Heat-mortality relationship in North Carolina: Comparison using different exposure methods. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2023; 33:637-645. [PMID: 37029251 PMCID: PMC10403356 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-023-00544-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have explored the heat-mortality relationship; however, comparability of results is hindered by the studies' use of different exposure methods. OBJECTIVE This study evaluated different methods for estimating exposure to temperature using individual-level data and examined the impacts on the heat-mortality relationship. METHODS We calculated different temperature exposures for each individual death by using a modeled, gridded temperature dataset and a monitoring station dataset in North Carolina for 2000-2016. We considered individual-level vs. county-level averages and measured vs. modeled temperature data. A case-crossover analysis was conducted to examine the heat-mortality risk under different exposure methods. RESULTS The minimum mortality temperature (MMT) (i.e., the temperature with the lowest mortality rate) for the monitoring station dataset was 23.87 °C and 22.67 °C (individual monitor and county average, respectively), whereas for the modeled temperature dataset the MMT was 19.46 °C and 19.61 °C (individual and county, respectively). We found higher heat-mortality risk while using temperature exposure estimated from monitoring stations compared to risk based on exposure using the modeled temperature dataset. Individual-aggregated monitoring station temperature exposure resulted in higher heat mortality risk (odds ratio (95% CI): 2.24 (95% CI: 2.21, 2.27)) for a relative temperature change comparing the 99th and 90th temperature percentiles, while modeled temperature exposure resulted in lower odds ratio of 1.27 (95% CI: 1.25, 1.29). SIGNIFICANCE Our findings indicate that using different temperature exposure methods can result in different temperature-mortality risk. The impact of using various exposure methods should be considered in planning health policies related to high temperatures, including under climate change. IMPACT STATEMENT: (1) We estimated the heat-mortality association using different methods to estimate exposure to temperature. (2) The mean temperature value among different exposure methods were similar although lower for the modeled data, however, use of the monitoring station temperature dataset resulted in higher heat-mortality risk than the modeled temperature dataset. (3) Differences in mortality risk from heat by urbanicity varies depending on the method used to estimate temperature exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michelle L Bell
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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Garfin DR, Thompson RR, Wong-Parodi G. Media exposure, threat processing, and mitigation behaviors in Gulf Coast residents facing the co-occurring threats of COVID-19 and hurricanes. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2023; 43:1370-1386. [PMID: 36217752 PMCID: PMC9874480 DOI: 10.1111/risa.14032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The 2020 hurricane season threatened millions of Americans concurrently grappling with COVID-19. Processes guiding individual-level mitigation for these conceptually distinct threats, one novel and chronic (COVID-19), the other familiar and episodic (hurricanes), are unknown. Theories of health protective behaviors suggest that inputs from external stimuli (e.g., traditional and social media) lead to threat processing, including perceived efficacy (self- and response) and perceived threat (susceptibility and severity), guiding mitigation behavior. We surveyed a representative sample of Florida and Texas residents (N = 1846) between April 14, 2020 and April 27, 2020; many had previous hurricane exposure; all were previously assessed between September 8, 2017 and September 11, 2017. Using preregistered analyses, two generalized structural equation models tested direct and indirect effects of media exposure (traditional media, social media) on self-reported (1) COVID-19 mitigation (handwashing, mask-wearing, social distancing) and (2) hurricane mitigation (preparation behaviors), as mediated through perceived efficacy (self- and response) and perceived threat (susceptibility and severity). Self-efficacy and response efficacy were associated with social distancing (p = .002), handwashing, mask-wearing, and hurricane preparation (ps < 0.001). Perceived susceptibility was positively associated with social distancing (p = 0.017) and hurricane preparation (p < 0.001). Perceived severity was positively associated with social distancing (p < 0.001). Traditional media exhibited indirect effects on COVID-19 mitigation through increased response efficacy (ps < 0.05), and to a lesser extent self-efficacy (p < 0.05), and on hurricane preparation through increased self-efficacy and response efficacy and perceived susceptibility (ps < 0.05). Social media did not exhibit indirect effects on COVID-19 or hurricane mitigation. Communications targeting efficacy and susceptibility may encourage mitigation behavior; research should explore how social media campaigns can more effectively target threat processing, guiding protective actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Rose Garfin
- Sue & Bill Gross School of Nursing, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
- Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rebecca R. Thompson
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Gabrielle Wong-Parodi
- Department of Earth Systems Science | Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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16
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Ashad-Bishop KC, Cruz M, Bailey ZD, Kobetz EK. Intersectional disparities in climate vulnerability and cancer risk. Cancer 2023. [PMID: 37081639 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.34817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Despite significant progress in the early detection, treatment, and survivorship of cancer in recent decades, cancer disparities continue to plague segments of the US population. Many of these cancer disparities, especially those among historically marginalized racial and ethnic groups and those with lower socioeconomic resources, are caused and perpetuated by social and structural barriers to health. These social and structural barriers, which operate beyond the framework of cancer control, also systematically increase vulnerability to and decrease adaptive capacity for the deleterious effects of anthropogenic climate change. The established and emerging overlap between climate vulnerability and cancer risk presents complex challenges to cancer control, specifically among populations who suffer compounding hazards and intersectional vulnerabilities. By embracing these intersections, we may be able to conceptualize promising new research frameworks and programmatic opportunities that decrease vulnerability to a wide range of climate and health threats to advance health equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kilan C Ashad-Bishop
- Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Mayra Cruz
- Abess Center for Ecosystem Science and Policy, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Zinzi D Bailey
- Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Erin K Kobetz
- Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
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Liesveld J, Petrovic K, Grohman S. Teaching disaster preparedness to pre-licensure students: A collaborative project during the pandemic. TEACHING AND LEARNING IN NURSING : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR ASSCIATE DEGREE NURSING 2023; 18:344-348. [PMID: 36540405 PMCID: PMC9755017 DOI: 10.1016/j.teln.2022.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Readiness of nurses to respond to disasters has become paramount with the advent and sequelae of the COVID-19 pandemic. The Future of Nursing 2020-2030 report calls for nurses to be knowledgeable in preparing and responding to disaster management. In New Mexico, five associate degree nursing programs and three university nursing programs collaborated to develop a novel project in teaching disaster preparedness using COVID-19 as the disaster. Tabletop methodology via Zoom was used to simulate incident command centers in Zoom breakout rooms. Students were assigned roles to carry out during the four-hour event using resources from FEMA's Emergency Management Institute. Student and faculty post-surveys were completed with themes identified. Students appreciated collaborating with students from different schools, but also identified challenges with the event posed by remote learning. Students reported their "biggest takeaways" and identified action steps for improving future events; particularly, requesting more information to better understand their roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy Liesveld
- Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, School of Nursing, Edwardsville, IL, USA
| | - Kimberly Petrovic
- Western New Mexico University, School of Nursing & Kinesiology, Silver City, NM, USA
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18
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Maxwell SP, Brooks C, Kim P, Kim D, McNeely CL, Thomas K. Understanding Habitats and Environmental Conditions of White-Tailed Deer Population Density and Public Health Data to Aid in Assessing Human Tick-Borne Disease Risk. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11040865. [PMID: 37110288 PMCID: PMC10146154 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The extent of tick-borne diseases (TBDs) in the United States is largely unknown and underreported. Equitable diagnostic and treatment options may vary by geographic location. Triangulating multi-modal data sources informed by a One Health approach provides robust proxies for human TBD risk. Using data from the Indiana Department of Natural Resources collected from hunters during the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) hunting season and other sources, we employ a mixed-methods approach based on thematic mapping and mixed effects modelling to determine if deer population density aligns with official disease data at the county level from (1) positive canine serological reports for, anaplasmosis, and Lyme Disease (LD); (2) positive human cases of ehrlichiosis, anaplasmosis, LD, and Spotted Fever rickettsioses; and (3) tick infectivity. We propose the need for multimodal data analysis using a variety of potential proxies to better estimate disease risk and inform public health policy and practice. We find similar spatial distributions between deer population density and human and canine TBDs in northeastern and southern Indiana, which are rural and mixed geographic areas. Overall, LD is more prevalent in the northwest, central-western, and southeastern counties, while ehrlichiosis is more common in the southern counties. These findings hold true across humans, canines, and deer.
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Heat and health inequity: acting on determinants of health to promote heat justice. Nat Rev Nephrol 2023; 19:143-144. [PMID: 36670274 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-023-00679-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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20
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Katzman JG, Herring D, Wheat S, Groves RJ, Kazhe-Dominguez B, Martin C, Norsworthy K, Liu J, Lord S, Tomedi LE. Climate Change ECHO: Telementoring to Improve Climate Literacy for Health Professionals. AJPM FOCUS 2023; 2:100051. [PMID: 37789933 PMCID: PMC10546522 DOI: 10.1016/j.focus.2022.100051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Climate change is a global public health crisis. Most clinicians and public health professionals do not receive adequate education to manage and communicate climate-related health impacts to their patients. Methods From July 2021 to February 2022, the Project ECHO Climate Change and Human Health program completed 22 weekly trainings for health professionals. These virtual telementoring sessions were designed to improve both knowledge and self-efficacy about climate-related health impacts and climate change‒related communication skills. Results Between July 2021 and February 2022, a total of 804 unique participants (from 44 states and 25 countries) attended the sessions. Participants were nurses (24.7%), physicians (16.8%), and public health professionals (8.5%). They completed weekly Zoom polls measuring their knowledge and self-efficacy. On average, participants strongly agreed or agreed that they had learned skills taught in each session (average percentage of those who strongly agreed or agreed=94.6%, range=66.7%-100.0%). Participants (31%) also completed a weekly postsession survey. A total of 91% rated the sessions as excellent or very good regarding evidenced-basis, and 89% rated sessions as excellent or very good regarding improved communication skills with patients and colleagues. Conclusions Given the global climate crisis, the Climate Change and Human Health ECHO is successfully building resources and capacity for clinicians and public health professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna G. Katzman
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico
- Project ECHO, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - David Herring
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Stefan Wheat
- Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Ralph J. Groves
- Office of Assistant Secretary - Indian Affairs, U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Public Health Service, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | | | - Chamron Martin
- Project ECHO, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Kent Norsworthy
- Project ECHO, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Jinyang Liu
- Project ECHO, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Sabrina Lord
- Presbyterian Health System, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Laura E. Tomedi
- Project ECHO, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
- College of Population Health, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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21
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Heinz A, Meyer-Lindenberg A. [Climate change and mental health. Position paper of a task force of the DGPPN]. DER NERVENARZT 2023; 94:225-233. [PMID: 36820855 PMCID: PMC9992044 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-023-01457-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Climate change and the resulting higher frequency of extreme weather events have a direct negative impact on mental health. Natural disasters are particularly associated with an increase in the prevalence of depression, anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorder. Indirect consequences of climate change, such as food shortages, economic crises, violent conflicts and forced migration, additionally represent severe psychological risk and stress factors. Climate anxiety and solastalgia, the distress induced by environmental change, are new psychological syndromes in the face of the existential threat posed by the climate crisis. Accordingly, a sustainable psychiatry must prepare for increasing and changing demands. The principles of psychiatric treatment need to focus more on prevention to reduce the overall burden on the healthcare system. Waste of resources and CO2 emissions in psychiatric treatment processes as well as infrastructure must be perceived and prevented. Psychiatric education, training and continuing education concepts should be expanded to include the topic of climate change in order to comprehensively inform and sensitize professionals, those affected and the public and to encourage climate-friendly and health-promoting behavior. More in-depth research is needed on the impact of climate change on mental health. The DGPPN becomes a sponsor and aims for climate neutrality by 2030 by committing to climate-friendly and energy-saving measures in the area of finance, in relation to the DGPPN congress as well as the DGPPN office.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Heinz
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Deutschland.
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, 68159, J5, Mannheim, Deutschland. .,Deutsche Gesellschaft für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik und Nervenheilkunde e.V., Berlin, Deutschland.
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22
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Lentzos S. Why health services worldwide should start planning today to be net zero. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2023; 160:366-367. [PMID: 36102242 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.14406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Lentzos
- Greener NHS, NHS England and NHS Improvement, London, UK
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23
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Hoogeveen D, Atleo CG, Patrick L, Kennedy AM, Leduc M, Parkes MW, Takaro TK, Gislason MK. On the possibility of decolonising planetary health: exploring new geographies for collaboration. Lancet Planet Health 2023; 7:e179-e183. [PMID: 36754474 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(22)00334-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Decolonial planetary health aspires to centre the diversity and importance of Indigenous thought and stewardship. In this Viewpoint, we explore research in planetary health across holistic worldviews and western scientific approaches. We base our examination of decolonising interventions in planetary health by exploring how global trajectories play out in British Columbia, Canada. A central part of this analysis is highlighting intercultural thinking to promote an anti-colonial, anti-racist, and reciprocal approach to climate change and global health inequities across geographical space and within planetary health discourse. Our perspective encompasses an asset-based examination, which focuses on the Indigenous scholarship in planetary health that is already underway and considers how rigorous engagement with epistemic and geographical diversity can strengthen and advance planetary health. This is a place-based response to planetary health, as British Columbia experiences climate catastrophes that are impacting whole communities, cutting through major transportation systems, disrupting supply chains, and creating a further burden on public health agencies and authorities that are spread thin by COVID-19 response. We argue for a progressive acknowledgment of decolonising work that is pushing research and practice in planetary health forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn Hoogeveen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.
| | - Clifford G Atleo
- School of Resources and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Lyana Patrick
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Angel M Kennedy
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Maëve Leduc
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Margot W Parkes
- School of Health Sciences, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC Canada
| | - Tim K Takaro
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Maya K Gislason
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
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24
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Sun P, Cappello V, Elgowainy A, Vyawahare P, Ma O, Podkaminer K, Rustagi N, Koleva M, Melaina M. An Analysis of the Potential and Cost of the U.S. Refinery Sector Decarbonization. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:1411-1424. [PMID: 36608330 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c07440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In 2019, U.S. petroleum refineries emitted 196 million metric tons (MT) of CO2, while the well-to-gate and the full life cycle CO2 emissions were significantly higher, reaching 419 and 2843 million MT of CO2, respectively. This analysis examines decarbonization opportunities for U.S. refineries and the cost to achieve both refinery-level and complete life-cycle CO2 emission reductions. We used 2019 life-cycle CO2 emissions from U.S. refineries as a baseline and identified three categories of decarbonization opportunity: (1) switching refinery energy inputs from fossil to renewable sources (e.g., switch hydrogen source); (2) carbon capture and storage of CO2 from various refining units; and (3) changing the feedstock from petroleum crude to biocrude using various blending levels. While all three options can reduce CO2 emissions from refineries, only the third can reduce emissions throughout the life cycle of refinery products, including the combustion of fuels (e.g., gasoline and diesel) during end use applications. A decarbonization approach that combines strategies 1, 2, and 3 can achieve negative life-cycle CO2 emissions, with an average CO2 avoidance cost of $113-$477/MT CO2, or $54-$227/bbl of processed crude; these costs are driven primarily by the high cost of biocrude feedstock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Sun
- Systems Assessment Center, Energy Systems and Infrastructure Analysis Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Vincenzo Cappello
- Systems Assessment Center, Energy Systems and Infrastructure Analysis Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Amgad Elgowainy
- Systems Assessment Center, Energy Systems and Infrastructure Analysis Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Pradeep Vyawahare
- Systems Assessment Center, Energy Systems and Infrastructure Analysis Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Ookie Ma
- Strategic Analysis, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, U.S. Department of Energy, 1000 Independence Ave. SW, Washington, District of Columbia 20585, United States
| | - Kara Podkaminer
- Strategic Analysis, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, U.S. Department of Energy, 1000 Independence Ave. SW, Washington, District of Columbia 20585, United States
| | - Neha Rustagi
- Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies Office, U.S. Department of Energy, 1000 Independence Ave. SW, Washington, District of Columbia 20585, United States
| | - Mariya Koleva
- Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies Office, U.S. Department of Energy, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Marc Melaina
- Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies Office, U.S. Department of Energy, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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25
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Pohl H, de Latour R, Reuben A, Ahuja NK, Gayam S, Kohli R, Agrawal D, Omary MB. GI multisociety strategic plan on environmental sustainability. Hepatology 2022; 76:1836-1844. [PMID: 36256467 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Pohl
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, White River JunctionVermontUSA.,Geisel School of Medicine at DartmouthHanoverNew HampshireUSA
| | - Rabia de Latour
- NYU Grossman School of MedicineBellevue HospitalNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Adrian Reuben
- Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Nitin K Ahuja
- Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Swapna Gayam
- West Virginia UniversityMorgantownWest VirginiaUSA
| | - Rohit Kohli
- Children's Hospital Los AngelesUniversity of Southern California Keck School of MedicineLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Deepak Agrawal
- Dell Medical SchoolUniversity of Texas at Austin Dell Medical SchoolAustinTexasUSA
| | - M Bishr Omary
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School and Center for Advanced Biotechnology and MedicineRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA
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26
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GI Multisociety Strategic Plan on Environmental Sustainability. Am J Gastroenterol 2022; 117:1911-1916. [PMID: 36255194 DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000002031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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27
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Pohl H, de Latour R, Reuben A, Ahuja NK, Gayam S, Kohli R, Agrawal D, Omary MB. GI Multisociety Strategic Plan on Environmental Sustainability. Gastroenterology 2022; 163:1695-1701.e2. [PMID: 36270827 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Pohl
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, White River Junction, Vermont; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Rabia de Latour
- Bellevue Hospital, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Adrian Reuben
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Nitin K Ahuja
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Swapna Gayam
- West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Rohit Kohli
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Deepak Agrawal
- Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, Texas
| | - M Bishr Omary
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School and Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
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Pohl H, de Latour R, Reuben A, Ahuja NK, Gayam S, Kohli R, Agrawal D, Omary MB. GI multisociety strategic plan on environmental sustainability. Gastrointest Endosc 2022; 96:881-886.e2. [PMID: 36270824 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2022.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Pohl
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, White River Junction, Vermont, USA; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Rabia de Latour
- Bellevue Hospital, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Adrian Reuben
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Nitin K Ahuja
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Swapna Gayam
- West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Rohit Kohli
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Deepak Agrawal
- Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - M Bishr Omary
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School and Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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29
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Improving executive compensation in the fossil fuel sector to influence green behaviors. GERMAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT-ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PERSONALFORSCHUNG 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/23970022221137657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The effects of climate change are being felt around the world, and the calls to mitigate are growing louder. In hopes of responding to this call, we examine strategic compensation practices as innovative solutions for tackling climate change. We employ a fixed panel analysis and examine organizational data from an array of global fossil fuel organizations—arguably the principal climate change contributors. Our findings suggest that executive stock-option compensation oriented around a 3-year or more vesting period will enhance organizational green behaviors. The contributions of this study add to the green human resource management literature in offering new perspectives on how compensation practices can enhance green behaviors and clarify key misconceptions related to linking sustainability targets to firm-level compensation schemes.
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Climate Change and Water Crises in Pakistan: Implications on Water Quality and Health Risks. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2022:5484561. [PMID: 36458129 PMCID: PMC9708371 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5484561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Pakistan is vulnerable and most affected by adverse impacts of climate change. The study examines the impact of climate change on Pakistan during the year 2022, resulting into unprecedented heatwave and drought in summers followed by the abnormal rains and floods during monsoon season. Agriculture is the backbone of Pakistan's economy, which has been devastated by both drought and floods. While the flood water is gradually receding, the stagnant contaminated water is causing several health risks for the inhabitants. This research argues that water security is the emerging national security challenge for Pakistan. The article investigates the status of water availability vis-a-vis the burgeoning population, agriculture, and other uses of water. Impact of abnormal melting of glaciers, nonavailability of dams for storage of rainwater, and lack of smart means for agriculture water have been examined to empirically validate the arguments.
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31
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Ghosh AK, Shapiro MF, Abramson D. Closing the Knowledge Gap in the Long-Term Health Effects of Natural Disasters: A Research Agenda for Improving Environmental Justice in the Age of Climate Change. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15365. [PMID: 36430084 PMCID: PMC9692460 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Natural disasters continue to worsen in both number and intensity globally, but our understanding of their long-term consequences on individual and community health remains limited. As climate-focused researchers, we argue that a publicly funded research agenda that supports the comprehensive exploration of these risks, particularly among vulnerable groups, is urgently needed. This exploration must focus on the following three critical components of the research agenda to promote environmental justice in the age of climate change: (1) a commitment to long term surveillance and care to examine the health impacts of climate change over their life course; (2) an emphasis on interventions using implementation science frameworks; (3) the employment of a transdisciplinary approach to study, address, and intervene on structural disadvantage among vulnerable populations. Without doing so, we risk addressing these consequences in a reactive way at greater expense, limiting the opportunity to safeguard communities and vulnerable populations in the era of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab K. Ghosh
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 10065, USA
| | - Martin F. Shapiro
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 10065, USA
| | - David Abramson
- School of Global Public Health, New York University, 715/719 Broadway 12th Floor Room 1214, New York, NY 10003, USA
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Smith AM, Stull JW, Moore GE. Potential Drivers for the Re-Emergence of Canine Leptospirosis in the United States and Canada. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:377. [PMID: 36422928 PMCID: PMC9694660 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7110377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine leptospirosis is an important zoonotic disease in many countries. This review examines potential drivers for increased diagnoses of canine leptospirosis in the United States and Canada, using the epidemiologic triad of agent-environment-host as a template. Leptospira spp. are classified into more than 250 serovars, but in many laboratories only 6 are routinely tested for in serologic agglutination tests of canine sera. Leptospiral infections in dogs may potentially go undetected with unemployed or currently employed diagnostic methods. Disease transmission from infected reservoir hosts usually occurs via urine-contaminated environmental sources such as water. Direct contact between infected and susceptible individuals, environmental factors such as climate changes in temperature and/or rainfall, and increasing number and urbanization of reservoir hosts may greatly increase dog exposure risks. A dog's lifestyle may influence exposure risk to leptospirosis, but vaccination based on proper identification of circulating serogroups dramatically reduces post-exposure infections. Regrettably, resistance to vaccination by veterinarians and dog owners leaves a large number of dogs at risk for this zoonotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M. Smith
- College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jason W. Stull
- College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE CIA 4P3, Canada
| | - George E. Moore
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Abdolkhani R, Choo D, Gilbert C, Borda A. Advancing women's participation in climate action through digital health literacy: gaps and opportunities. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2022; 29:2174-2177. [PMID: 36169596 PMCID: PMC9667168 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocac167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploring the contribution of health informatics is an emerging topic in relation to addressing climate change, but less examined is a body of literature reporting on the potential and effectiveness of women participating in climate action supported by digital health. This perspective explores how empowering women through digital health literacy (DHL) can support them to be active agents in addressing climate change risk and its impacts on health and well-being. We also consider the current definitional boundary of DHL, and how this may be shaped by other competencies (eg, environmental health literacy), to strengthen this critical agenda for developed nations and lower-resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robab Abdolkhani
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, STEM College, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dawn Choo
- Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cecily Gilbert
- Centre for the Digital Transformation of Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ann Borda
- Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Information Studies, University College London, London, UK
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Crowley R, Mathew S, Hilden D. Environmental Health: A Position Paper From the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med 2022; 175:1591-1593. [PMID: 36279541 DOI: 10.7326/m22-1864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental health refers to the health effects associated with environmental factors, such as air pollution, water contamination, and climate change. Environmental hazards are associated with poor outcomes in common diseases, including diabetes and heart disease. In this position paper, the American College of Physicians (ACP) seeks to inform physicians about environmental health and offers policymakers recommendations to reduce the adverse health consequences of climate change, improve air and water quality, reduce exposure to toxic substances, and address environmental injustice. ACP affirms that all communities, including people of color, people with low income, and marginalized populations, deserve to live in a healthy environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Crowley
- American College of Physicians, Washington, DC (R.C.)
| | - Suja Mathew
- Atlantic Health System, Morristown, New Jersey (S.M.)
| | - David Hilden
- Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, Minnesota (D.H.)
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Meier BM, Bustreo F, Gostin LO. Climate Change, Public Health and Human Rights. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13744. [PMID: 36360623 PMCID: PMC9658854 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192113744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Climate change poses a cataclysmic threat to public health and human rights [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Mason Meier
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- O’Neill Institute for National & Global Health Law, Georgetown Law, Washington, DC 20001, USA
| | - Flavia Bustreo
- Fondation Botnar, 4052 Basel, Switzerland
- Partnership for Maternal, Newborn & Child Health, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lawrence O. Gostin
- O’Neill Institute for National & Global Health Law, Georgetown Law, Washington, DC 20001, USA
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Liu S, Costa M. The role of NUPR1 in response to stress and cancer development. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 454:116244. [PMID: 36116561 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Stress contributes to the development of many human diseases, including cancer. Based on the source of stress, it can be divided into external stress, such as environmental carcinogens, chemicals, and radiation, and internal stress, like endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, hypoxia, and oxidative stress. Nuclear Protein 1 (NUPR1, p8 or Com-1) is a small, highly basic transcriptional regulator that participates in regulating a variety of cellular processes including DNA repair, ER stress, oxidative stress response, cell cycle, autophagy, apoptosis, ferroptosis and chromatin remodeling. A large number of studies have reported that NUPR1 expression can be stimulated rapidly in response to various stresses. Thus, NUPR1 is also known as a stress-response gene. Since the role of NUPR1 in breast cancer was identified in 1999, an increasing number of studies sought to reveal its function in cancer. High expression of NUPR1 has been identified in oral squamous cell carcinoma, breast cancer, lung cancer, multiple myeloma, liver cancer and renal cancer. In this review, we summarize current studies of NUPR1 in response to multiple external stressors and internal stressors, and its role in mediating stressors to cause different cell signaling responses. In addition, this review discusses the function of NUPR1 in carcinogenesis, tumorigenesis, metastasis, and cancer therapy. Thus, this review gives a comprehensive insight into the role of NUPR1 in mediating signals from stress to different cell responses, and this process plays a role in the development of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Liu
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Dept of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, NY, USA.
| | - Max Costa
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Dept of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, NY, USA.
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Farooq MS, Uzair M, Raza A, Habib M, Xu Y, Yousuf M, Yang SH, Ramzan Khan M. Uncovering the Research Gaps to Alleviate the Negative Impacts of Climate Change on Food Security: A Review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:927535. [PMID: 35903229 PMCID: PMC9315450 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.927535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Climatic variability has been acquiring an extensive consideration due to its widespread ability to impact food production and livelihoods. Climate change has the potential to intersperse global approaches in alleviating hunger and undernutrition. It is hypothesized that climate shifts bring substantial negative impacts on food production systems, thereby intimidating food security. Vast developments have been made addressing the global climate change, undernourishment, and hunger for the last few decades, partly due to the increase in food productivity through augmented agricultural managements. However, the growing population has increased the demand for food, putting pressure on food systems. Moreover, the potential climate change impacts are still unclear more obviously at the regional scales. Climate change is expected to boost food insecurity challenges in areas already vulnerable to climate change. Human-induced climate change is expected to impact food quality, quantity, and potentiality to dispense it equitably. Global capabilities to ascertain the food security and nutritional reasonableness facing expeditious shifts in biophysical conditions are likely to be the main factors determining the level of global disease incidence. It can be apprehended that all food security components (mainly food access and utilization) likely be under indirect effect via pledged impacts on ménage, incomes, and damages to health. The corroboration supports the dire need for huge focused investments in mitigation and adaptation measures to have sustainable, climate-smart, eco-friendly, and climate stress resilient food production systems. In this paper, we discussed the foremost pathways of how climate change impacts our food production systems as well as the social, and economic factors that in the mastery of unbiased food distribution. Likewise, we analyze the research gaps and biases about climate change and food security. Climate change is often responsible for food insecurity issues, not focusing on the fact that food production systems have magnified the climate change process. Provided the critical threats to food security, the focus needs to be shifted to an implementation oriented-agenda to potentially cope with current challenges. Therefore, this review seeks to have a more unprejudiced view and thus interpret the fusion association between climate change and food security by imperatively scrutinizing all factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahbaz Farooq
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Uzair
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ali Raza
- College of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
| | - Madiha Habib
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Yinlong Xu
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | | | - Seung Hwan Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, South Korea
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Nabhan GP, Colunga-GarcíaMarín P, Zizumbo-Villarreal D. Comparing Wild and Cultivated Food Plant Richness Between the Arid American and the Mesoamerican Centers of Diversity, as Means to Advance Indigenous Food Sovereignty in the Face of Climate Change. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.840619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change is aggravating agricultural crop failures, and the paucity of wild food harvests for Indigenous desert dwellers in Mexico and the U.S. This food production crisis challenges ongoing efforts by Indigenous communities in obtaining greater food security, prompting them to reconsider the value of traditional Indigenous food systems in both Mesoamerica and Arid America, two adjacent centers of crop diversity. While food production strategies in these two centers share many features, the food plant diversity in the Western Mesoamerican region appears to be greater. However, a higher percentage of plants in Arid America have adapted to water scarcity, heat, and damaging radiation. The phytochemical and physiological adaptations of the food plants to abiotic stresses in arid environments offer a modicum of resilience in the face of aggravated climate uncertainties. By comparing food plant genera comprising Western Mesoamerican and Arid American diets, we detected a higher ratio of CAM succulents in the wild and domesticated food plant species in the Arid American food system. We conclude that food plant diversity in the ancestral diets of both centers can provide much of the resilience needed to advance Indigenous food sovereignty and assure food security as climate change advances.
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Barnard MA, Emani SR, Fortner SK, Haygood L, Sun Q, White‐Newsome JL, Zaitchik B. GeoHealth Perspectives on Integrated, Coordinated, Open, Networked (ICON) Science. EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2022; 9:e2021EA002157. [PMID: 35846575 PMCID: PMC9285380 DOI: 10.1029/2021ea002157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
GeoHealth research both characterizes and predicts problems at the nexus of earth and human systems like climate change, pollution, and natural hazards. While GeoHealth excels in the area of integrated science, there is a need to improve coordinated and networked efforts to produce open science to enable environmental justice. There is a need to resource and empower frontline populations that are disproportionately marginalized by environmental injustice (i.e., the unequal protection from environmental harms and lack of access and meaningful engagement in decision making for a healthy environment; EPA, 2022, https://www.epa.gov/environmentaljustice). GeoHealth practice has the opportunity to advance environmental justice or the "fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race, color, national origin, or income" with respect to how research and collaboration of GeoHealth professionals supports the "development, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies" that produce equal protection from environmental and health hazards and access to the decision making for a health environment (EPA, 2022, https://www.epa.gov/environmentaljustice). Here we highlight barriers and opportunities to apply an equity-centered ICON framework to the field of GeoHealth to advance environmental justice and health equity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S. R. Emani
- US Department of AgricultureAgricultural Research ServiceBeltsvilleMDUSA
| | - S. K. Fortner
- Science Education Resource Center200 Division StreetCarleton CollegeNorthfieldMNUSA
| | - L. Haygood
- Department of GeosciencesThe University of TulsaTulsaOKUSA
- Boone Pickens School of GeologyOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOKUSA
| | - Q. Sun
- Institute of Surface Earth System ScienceSchool of Earth System ScienceTianjin UniversityTianjinChina
| | | | - B. Zaitchik
- Department of Earth & Planetary SciencesJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMDUSA
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40
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Beyeler
- University of California Center for Climate, Health and Equity, San Francisco, CA, USA
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41
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Polysaccharide Stalks in Didymosphenia geminata Diatom: Real World Applications and Strategies to Combat Its Spread. POLYSACCHARIDES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/polysaccharides3010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Didymosphenia geminata is a species of freshwater diatom that is known as invasive and is propagating quickly around the world. While invasive species are generally considered a nuisance, this paper attempts to find useful applications for D. geminata in the biomedical field and wastewater remediation. Here, we highlight the polysaccharide-based stalks of D. geminata that enable versatile potential applications and uses as a biopolymer, in drug delivery and wound healing, and as biocompatible scaffolding in cell adhesion and proliferation. Furthermore, this review focuses on how the polysaccharide nature of stalks and their metal-adsorption capacity allows them to have excellent wastewater remediation potential. This work also aims to assess the economic impact of D. geminata, as an invasive species, on its immediate environment. Potential government measures and legislation are recommended to prevent the spread of D. geminata, emphasizing the importance of education and collaboration between stakeholders.
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42
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Ebi KL, Luchters S. Invited Perspective: Most Affected by Climate Change; Least Studied. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2021; 129:111301. [PMID: 34747631 PMCID: PMC8575067 DOI: 10.1289/ehp10384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristie L. Ebi
- Center for Health and the Global Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Stanley Luchters
- Department of Population Health, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
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Bozick R. The effects of Hurricane Harvey on the physical and mental health of adults in Houston. Health Place 2021; 72:102697. [PMID: 34700063 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2021.102697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Using data from the 2017-18 Health of Houston Survey, this study estimates the effect of Hurricane Harvey, the second costliest storm in the history of the United States, on the physical and mental health of adults living in Houston, Texas. The survey was fielded to a population-based probability sample whose data collection activities were interrupted and delayed by Hurricane Harvey. This interruption in data collection created a natural experiment that allowed for a comparison of community health before and after the storm. Following the storm, adults in Houston on average experienced an increase of 1.12 days a month of poor physical health and an increase of 1.31 days a month of poor mental health. These effects were most pronounced in parts of the city where structural damage from the storm was most severe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Bozick
- Kinder Institute for Urban Research, Rice University, Kraft Hall, 6100 Main Street, Suite 305, Houston, TX, 77005-1892, USA.
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Nilsson M, Sie A, Muindi K, Bunker A, Ingole V, Ebi KL. Weather, climate, and climate change research to protect human health in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Glob Health Action 2021; 14:1984014. [PMID: 35377292 PMCID: PMC8986241 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2021.1984014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Weather, climate, and climate change are affecting human health, with scientific evidence increasing substantially over the past two decades, but with very limited research from low- and middle-income countries. The health effects of climate change occur mainly because of the consequences of rising temperatures, rising sea levels, and an increase in extreme weather events. These exposures interact with demographic, socio-economic, and environmental factors, as well as access to and the quality of health care, to affect the magnitude and pattern of risks. Health risks are unevenly distributed around the world, and within countries and across population groups. Existing health challenges and inequalities are likely to be exacerbated by climate change. This narrative review provides an overview of the health impacts of weather, climate, and climate change, particularly on vulnerable regions and populations in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, and discusses the importance of protecting human health in a changing climate; such measures are critical to reducing poverty and inequality at all scales. Three case summaries from the INDEPTH Health and Demographic Surveillance Systems highlight examples of research that quantified associations between weather and health outcomes. These and comparable surveillance systems can provide critical knowledge to increase resilience and decrease inequalities in an increasingly warming world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Nilsson
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ali Sie
- Nouna Health Research Centre, National Institute of Public Health, Burkina Faso
| | - Kanyiva Muindi
- African Population Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Aditi Bunker
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Kristie L Ebi
- Center for Health and the Global Environment, University of Washington Seattle, Seattle, WA, USA
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Deitchman SD, Kirsch TD, Auerbach PS, Hill AC. Climate Resilience: It Is Time for a National Approach. Health Secur 2021; 19:652-660. [PMID: 34698530 DOI: 10.1089/hs.2021.0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Scott D Deitchman
- Scott D. Deitchman, MD, MPH, RADM, USPHS (ret), is a Senior Visiting Scholar and Adjunct Associate Professor, National Center for Disaster Medicine and Public Health, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD
| | - Thomas D Kirsch
- Thomas D. Kirsch, MD, MPH, FACEP, is a Professor and Director, National Center for Disaster Medicine and Public Health, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD
| | - Paul S Auerbach
- Paul S. Auerbach, MD, MS, was the Redlich Family Professor Emeritus, Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Alice C Hill
- Alice C. Hill, JD, is the David M. Rubenstein Senior Fellow for Energy and the Environment, Council on Foreign Relations, Washington, DC
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Miller GD, Kanter M, Rycken L, Comerford KB, Gardner NM, Brown KA. Food Systems Transformation for Child Health and Well-Being: The Essential Role of Dairy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:10535. [PMID: 34639835 PMCID: PMC8507772 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Malnutrition, in all its forms, during the critical stages of child growth and development can have lifelong impacts on health and well-being. While most forms of malnutrition can be prevented with simple dietary interventions, both undernutrition and overnutrition remain persistent and burdensome challenges for large portions of the global population, especially for young children who are dependent on others for nourishment. In addition to dietary factors, children's health also faces the growing challenges of climate change, environmental degradation, pollution, and infectious disease. Food production and consumption practices both sit at the nexus of these issues, and both must be significantly transformed if we are to achieve the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals. Food sources (i.e., animal-source foods vs. plant-source foods), food production practices, the effects of food processing, the impacts of a more globalized food system, and food loss and waste have all been receiving growing attention in health and sustainability research and policy discussions. Much of this work points to recommendations to reduce resource-intensive animal-source foods, heavily processed foods, and foods associated with excessive waste and pollution, while simultaneously increasing plant-source options. However, some of these recommendations require a little more nuance when considered in the context of issues such as global child health. All types of foods can play significant roles in providing essential nutrition for children across the globe, and for improving the well-being and livelihoods of their families and communities. Dairy foods provide a prime example of this need for nuance, as both dairy production practices and consumption patterns vary greatly throughout the world, as do their impacts on child health and food system sustainability. The objective of this narrative review is to highlight the role of dairy in supporting child health in the context of food system sustainability. When considering child health within this context it is recommended to take a holistic approach that considers all four domains of sustainability (health, economics, society, and the environment) to better weigh trade-offs, optimize outcomes, and avoid unintended consequences. To ensure that children have access to nutritious and safe foods within sustainable food systems, special consideration of their needs must be included within the broader food systems transformation narrative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory D. Miller
- National Dairy Council, Rosemont, IL 60018-5616, USA; (G.D.M.); (K.A.B.)
- Global Dairy Platform, Rosemont, IL 60018-5616, USA;
| | - Mitch Kanter
- Global Dairy Platform, Rosemont, IL 60018-5616, USA;
| | | | | | | | - Katie A. Brown
- National Dairy Council, Rosemont, IL 60018-5616, USA; (G.D.M.); (K.A.B.)
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Coalson JE, Anderson EJ, Santos EM, Madera Garcia V, Romine JK, Luzingu JK, Dominguez B, Richard DM, Little AC, Hayden MH, Ernst KC. The Complex Epidemiological Relationship between Flooding Events and Human Outbreaks of Mosquito-Borne Diseases: A Scoping Review. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2021; 129:96002. [PMID: 34582261 PMCID: PMC8478154 DOI: 10.1289/ehp8887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Climate change is expected to increase the frequency of flooding events. Although rainfall is highly correlated with mosquito-borne diseases (MBD) in humans, less research focuses on understanding the impact of flooding events on disease incidence. This lack of research presents a significant gap in climate change-driven disease forecasting. OBJECTIVES We conducted a scoping review to assess the strength of evidence regarding the potential relationship between flooding and MBD and to determine knowledge gaps. METHODS PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched through 31 December 2020 and supplemented with review of citations in relevant publications. Studies on rainfall were included only if the operationalization allowed for distinction of unusually heavy rainfall events. Data were abstracted by disease (dengue, malaria, or other) and stratified by post-event timing of disease assessment. Studies that conducted statistical testing were summarized in detail. RESULTS From 3,008 initial results, we included 131 relevant studies (dengue n = 45 , malaria n = 61 , other MBD n = 49 ). Dengue studies indicated short-term (< 1 month ) decreases and subsequent (1-4 month) increases in incidence. Malaria studies indicated post-event incidence increases, but the results were mixed, and the temporal pattern was less clear. Statistical evidence was limited for other MBD, though findings suggest that human outbreaks of Murray Valley encephalitis, Ross River virus, Barmah Forest virus, Rift Valley fever, and Japanese encephalitis may follow flooding. DISCUSSION Flooding is generally associated with increased incidence of MBD, potentially following a brief decrease in incidence for some diseases. Methodological inconsistencies significantly limit direct comparison and generalizability of study results. Regions with established MBD and weather surveillance should be leveraged to conduct multisite research to a) standardize the quantification of relevant flooding, b) study nonlinear relationships between rainfall and disease, c) report outcomes at multiple lag periods, and d) investigate interacting factors that modify the likelihood and severity of outbreaks across different settings. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP8887.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna E. Coalson
- Center for Insect Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Ellen M. Santos
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Valerie Madera Garcia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - James K. Romine
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Joy K. Luzingu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Brian Dominguez
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Danielle M. Richard
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Ashley C. Little
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Mary H. Hayden
- National Institute for Human Resilience, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
| | - Kacey C. Ernst
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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Lord S, Ingram JSI. Measures of equity for multi-capital accounting. NATURE FOOD 2021; 2:646-654. [PMID: 37117461 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-021-00336-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Inequity is one of the primary economic and societal risks posed by the global food system, yet measures of inequity are missing from prominent corporate tools that aim to account for the impact of the economic activities associated with food production, manufacturing and retail. Here we suggest new metrics to measure socio-economic, gender, racial, generational and risk divides between the bearers of natural, social and human capital costs and those of benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Lord
- Environmental Change Institute, Oxford University, Oxford, UK.
| | - John S I Ingram
- Environmental Change Institute, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
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Science Policy to Advance a Climate Change and Health Research Agenda in the United States. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18157868. [PMID: 34360159 PMCID: PMC8345657 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18157868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is thought to be one of the greatest public health threats of the 21st century and there has been a tremendous growth in the published literature describing the health implications of climate change over the last decade. Yet, there remain several critical knowledge gaps in this field. Closing these gaps is crucial to developing effective interventions to minimize the health risks from climate change. In this commentary, we discuss policy trends that have influenced the advancement of climate change and health research in the United States context. We then enumerate specific knowledge gaps that could be addressed by policies to advance scientific research. Finally, we describe tools and methods that have not yet been fully integrated into the field, but hold promise for advancing the science. Prioritizing this advancement offers the potential to improve public health-related policies on climate change.
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50
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Maibach E, Frumkin H, Ahdoot S. Health Professionals and the Climate Crisis: Trusted Voices, Essential Roles. WORLD MEDICAL & HEALTH POLICY 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/wmh3.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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