1
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Kashlan OB, Wang XP, Sheng S, Kleyman TR. Epithelial Na + Channels Function as Extracellular Sensors. Compr Physiol 2024; 14:1-41. [PMID: 39109974 PMCID: PMC11309579 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c230015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
The epithelial Na + channel (ENaC) resides on the apical surfaces of specific epithelia in vertebrates and plays a critical role in extracellular fluid homeostasis. Evidence that ENaC senses the external environment emerged well before the molecular identity of the channel was reported three decades ago. This article discusses progress toward elucidating the mechanisms through which specific external factors regulate ENaC function, highlighting insights gained from structural studies of ENaC and related family members. It also reviews our understanding of the role of ENaC regulation by the extracellular environment in physiology and disease. After familiarizing the reader with the channel's physiological roles and structure, we describe the central role protein allostery plays in ENaC's sensitivity to the external environment. We then discuss each of the extracellular factors that directly regulate the channel: proteases, cations and anions, shear stress, and other regulators specific to particular extracellular compartments. For each regulator, we discuss the initial observations that led to discovery, studies investigating molecular mechanism, and the physiological and pathophysiological implications of regulation. © 2024 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 14:5407-5447, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ossama B. Kashlan
- Department of Medicine, Renal-Electrolyte Division,
University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University
of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Xue-Ping Wang
- Department of Medicine, Renal-Electrolyte Division,
University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Shaohu Sheng
- Department of Medicine, Renal-Electrolyte Division,
University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Thomas R. Kleyman
- Department of Medicine, Renal-Electrolyte Division,
University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University
of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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2
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Rotin D, Prag G. Physiological Functions of the Ubiquitin Ligases Nedd4-1 and Nedd4-2. Physiology (Bethesda) 2024; 39:18-29. [PMID: 37962894 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00023.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Nedd4 family of E3 ubiquitin ligases, consisting of a C2-WW(n)-HECT domain architecture, includes the closely related Nedd4/Nedd4-1 and Nedd4L/Nedd4-2, which play critical roles in human physiology and pathophysiology.This review focuses on the regulation of enzymatic activity of these Nedd4 proteins, as well as on their roles in regulating stability and function of membrane and other signaling proteins, such as ion channels, ion transporters, and growth factor receptors. The diseases caused by impairment of such regulation are discussed, as well as opportunities and challenges for targeting these enzymes for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rotin
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Biochemistry Department, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gali Prag
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Israel
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3
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Al-Humiari MA, Yu L, Liu LP, Nouri MZ, Tuna KM, Denslow ND, Alli AA. Extracellular vesicles from BALF of pediatric cystic fibrosis and asthma patients increase epithelial sodium channel activity in small airway epithelial cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2024; 1866:184219. [PMID: 37634857 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2023.184219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) are nanosized vesicles derived from all cell types. EV cargo allows for intercellular communication, intracellular signaling, and regulation of proteins in recipient cells. We tested the hypothesis that EVs isolated from the bronchoalveolar-lavage fluid (BALF) of pediatric cystic fibrosis (CF) or pediatric asthma patients increase epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) activity in normal human small airway epithelial cells (SAECs) and the mechanism involves specific EV lipids. We characterized EVs from BALF of pediatric CF and pediatric asthma patients by nanoparticle tracking analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and Western blotting. The CF and asthma pediatric groups were similar in BALF electrolytes concentration and cell count, except for neutrophils, which were higher in the CF group. Lipidomic analyses for each group of EVs were performed using targeted mass spectrometry. Phosphatidylethanolamine, sphingomyelins, and triacylglycerol were enriched in both groups, but phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylinositol concentrations were greater in the CF group compared to the asthma group, and the opposite trend was found for phosphatidylserine. Endogenous ENaC activity, measured by the single-channel patch-clamp technique, increased in normal human SAECs after challenging SAEC with EVs from either the CF or asthma groups compared to control EVs. In conclusion, EVs isolated from BALF of pediatric patients with CF or asthma have unique lipid profiles. Despite the differences, both types of EVs increase ENaC activity in normal human SAECs compared to control EVs isolated from the conditioned media of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Al-Humiari
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Pulmonology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Ling Yu
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Lauren P Liu
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Mohammad-Zaman Nouri
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Kubra M Tuna
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Nancy D Denslow
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Abdel A Alli
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Pulmonology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America; Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
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4
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Teekayupak K, Lomae A, Agir I, Chuaypen N, Dissayabutra T, Henry CS, Chailapakul O, Ozer T, Ruecha N. Large-scale fabrication of ion-selective electrodes for simultaneous detection of Na +, K +, and Ca 2+ in biofluids using a smartphone-based potentiometric sensing platform. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:237. [PMID: 37222781 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05818-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A significant bottleneck exists for mass-production of ion-selective electrodes despite recent developments in manufacturing technologies. Here, we present a fully-automated system for large-scale production of ISEs. Three materials, including polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene terephthalate and polyimide, were used as substrates for fabricating ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) using stencil printing, screen-printing and laser engraving, respectively. We compared sensitivities of the ISEs to determine the best material for the fabrication process of the ISEs. The electrode surfaces were modified with various carbon nanomaterials including multi-walled carbon nanotubes, graphene, carbon black, and their mixed suspensions as the intermediate layer to enhance sensitivities of the electrodes. An automated 3D-printed robot was used for the drop-cast procedure during ISE fabrication to eliminate manual steps. The sensor array was optimized, and the detection limits were 10-5 M, 10-5 M and 10-4 M for detection of K+, Na+ and Ca2+ ions, respectively. The sensor array integrated with a portable wireless potentiometer was used to detect K+, Na+ and Ca2+ in real urine and simulated sweat samples and results obtained were in agreement with ICP-OES with good recoveries. The developed sensing platform offers low-cost detection of electrolytes for point-of-care applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanyapat Teekayupak
- Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Center of Excellence (EOSCE), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Atchara Lomae
- Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Ismail Agir
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, 34700, Türkiye
| | - Natthaya Chuaypen
- Metabolic Disease in Gastrointestinal and Urinary System Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Thasinas Dissayabutra
- Metabolic Disease in Gastrointestinal and Urinary System Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Charles S Henry
- Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Orawon Chailapakul
- Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Center of Excellence (EOSCE), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Tugba Ozer
- Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Center of Excellence (EOSCE), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Chemical-Metallurgical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, 34220, Türkiye.
- Health Biotechnology Joint Research and Application Center of Excellence, Esenler, Istanbul , 34220, Türkiye.
| | - Nipapan Ruecha
- Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Center of Excellence (EOSCE), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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5
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Genome-engineering technologies for modeling and treatment of cystic fibrosis. Adv Med Sci 2023; 68:111-120. [PMID: 36917892 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by defects in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. Due to the genetic nature of the disease, interventions in the genome can target any underlying alterations and potentially provide permanent disease resolution. The current development of gene-editing tools, such as designer nuclease technology capable of genome correction, holds great promise for both CF and other genetic diseases. In recent years, Cas9-based technologies have enabled the generation of genetically defined human stem cell and disease models based on induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). In this article, we outline the potential and possibilities of using CRISPR/Cas9-based gene-editing technology in CF modeling.
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6
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Sermet-Gaudelus I, Girodon E, Vermeulen F, Solomon G, Melotti P, Graeber S, Bronsveld I, Rowe S, Wilschanski M, Tümmler B, Cutting G, Gonska T. ECFS standards of care on CFTR-related disorders: Diagnostic criteria of CFTR dysfunction. J Cyst Fibros 2022; 21:922-936. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2022.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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7
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Ramachandran B, Liao YC. Microfluidic wearable electrochemical sweat sensors for health monitoring. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2022; 16:051501. [PMID: 36186757 PMCID: PMC9520469 DOI: 10.1063/5.0116648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Research on remote health monitoring through wearable sensors has attained popularity in recent decades mainly due to aging population and expensive health care services. Microfluidic wearable sweat sensors provide economical, non-invasive mode of sample collection, important physiological information, and continuous tracking of human health. Recent advances in wearable sensors focus on electrochemical monitoring of biomarkers in sweat and can be applicable in various fields like fitness monitoring, nutrition, and medical diagnosis. This review focuses on the evolution of wearable devices from benchtop electrochemical systems to microfluidic-based wearable sensors. Major classification of wearable sensors like skin contact-based and biofluidic-based sensors are discussed. Furthermore, sweat chemistry and related biomarkers are explained in addition to integration of microfluidic systems in wearable sweat sensors. At last, recent advances in wearable electrochemical sweat sensors are discussed, which includes tattoo-based, paper microfluidics, patches, wrist band, and belt-based wearable sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Ramachandran
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chih Liao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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8
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Graeber SY, Vitzthum C, Pallenberg ST, Naehrlich L, Stahl M, Rohrbach A, Drescher M, Minso R, Ringshausen FC, Rueckes-Nilges C, Klajda J, Berges J, Yu Y, Scheuermann H, Hirtz S, Sommerburg O, Dittrich AM, Tümmler B, Mall MA. Effects of Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor Therapy on CFTR Function in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis and One or Two F508del Alleles. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 205:540-549. [PMID: 34936849 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202110-2249oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE The CFTR modulator combination elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ELX/TEZ/IVA) was shown to improve clinical outcomes and sweat chloride concentration (SCC) in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and one or two F508del alleles. However, the effect of ELX/TEZ/IVA on CFTR function in the airways and intestine has not been studied. OBJECTIVES To assess the effect of ELX/TEZ/IVA on CFTR function in airway and intestinal epithelia in patients with CF and one or two F508del alleles aged 12 years and older. METHODS This prospective observational multicenter study assessed clinical outcomes including FEV1 %predicted and body mass index, and the CFTR biomarkers SCC, nasal potential difference (NPD) and intestinal current measurement (ICM) before and 8-16 weeks after initiation of ELX/TEZ/IVA. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS A total of 107 patients with CF including 55 patients with one F508del and a minimal function mutation and 52 F508del homozygous patients were enrolled in this study. In patients with one F508del allele, NPD and ICM showed that ELX/TEZ/IVA improved CFTR function in nasal epithelia to a level of 46.5% (IQR, 27.5-72.4; P<0.001) and in intestinal epithelia to 41.8% of normal (IQR, 25.1-57.6; P<0.001). In F508del homozygous patients, ELX/TEZ/IVA exceeded improvement of CFTR function observed with TEZ/IVA and increased CFTR-mediated Cl- secretion to a level of 47.4% of normal (IQR, 19.3-69.2; P<0.001) in nasal and to 45.9% (IQR, 19.7-66.6; P<0.001) in intestinal epithelia. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with ELX/TEZ/IVA results in effective improvement of CFTR function in airway and intestinal epithelia in patients with CF and one or two F508del alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Y Graeber
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 14903, Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, 522475, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research, 542891, associated partner, Berlin, Germany
| | - Constanze Vitzthum
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 14903, Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research, 542891, associated partner, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sophia T Pallenberg
- Hannover Medical School, 9177, Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research, 542891, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Lutz Naehrlich
- Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Department of Pediatrics, Giessen, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research, 542891, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Giessen, Germany
| | - Mirjam Stahl
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 14903, Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, 522475, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research, 542891, associated partner, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Rohrbach
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 14903, Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marika Drescher
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 14903, Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research, 542891, associated partner, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rebecca Minso
- Hannover Medical School, 9177, Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Felix C Ringshausen
- Hannover Medical School, 9177, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research, 542891, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Jan Klajda
- Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Department of Pediatrics, Giessen, Germany
| | - Julian Berges
- University of Heidelberg, 9144, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,University of Heidelberg, 9144, Department of Translational Pulmonology, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yin Yu
- University of Heidelberg, 9144, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,University of Heidelberg, 9144, German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Department of Translational Pulmonology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heike Scheuermann
- University of Heidelberg, 9144, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,University of Heidelberg, 9144, Department of Translational Pulmonology, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Hirtz
- University of Heidelberg, 9144, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,University of Heidelberg, 9144, Department of Translational Pulmonology, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Olaf Sommerburg
- University of Heidelberg, 9144, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,University of Heidelberg, 9144, Department of Translational Pulmonology, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna-Maria Dittrich
- Hannover Medical School, 9177, Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research, 542891, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Burkhard Tümmler
- Hannover Medical School, 9177, Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research, 542891, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Marcus A Mall
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 14903, Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, 522475, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research, 542891, associated partner, Berlin, Germany;
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9
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Coppolo DP, Schloss J, Suggett JA, Mitchell JP. Non-Pharmaceutical Techniques for Obstructive Airway Clearance Focusing on the Role of Oscillating Positive Expiratory Pressure (OPEP): A Narrative Review. Pulm Ther 2021; 8:1-41. [PMID: 34860355 PMCID: PMC8640712 DOI: 10.1007/s41030-021-00178-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucus secretion in the lungs is a natural process that protects the airways from inhaled insoluble particle accumulation by capture and removal via the mucociliary escalator. Diseases such as cystic fibrosis (CF) and associated bronchiectasis, as well as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), result in mucus layer thickening, associated with high viscosity in CF, which can eventually lead to complete airway obstruction. These processes severely impair the delivery of inhaled medications to obstructed regions of the lungs, resulting in poorly controlled disease with associated increased morbidity and mortality. This narrative review article focuses on the use of non-pharmacological airway clearance therapies (ACTs) that promote mechanical movement from the obstructed airway. Particular attention is given to the evolving application of oscillating positive expiratory pressure (OPEP) therapy via a variety of devices. Advice is provided as to the features that appear to be the most effective at mucus mobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jolyon P Mitchell
- Jolyon Mitchell Inhaler Consulting Services Inc., 1154 St. Anthony Road, London, ON, N6H 2R1, Canada.
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10
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Liu Z, Nguyen QPH, Guan Q, Albulescu A, Erdman L, Mahdaviyeh Y, Kang J, Ouyang H, Hegele RG, Moraes T, Goldenberg A, Dell SD, Mennella V. A quantitative super-resolution imaging toolbox for diagnosis of motile ciliopathies. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/535/eaay0071. [PMID: 32188719 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aay0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Airway clearance of pathogens and particulates relies on motile cilia. Impaired cilia motility can lead to reduction in lung function, lung transplant, or death in some cases. More than 50 proteins regulating cilia motility are linked to primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), a heterogeneous, mainly recessive genetic lung disease. Accurate PCD molecular diagnosis is essential for identifying therapeutic targets and for initiating therapies that can stabilize lung function, thereby reducing socioeconomic impact of the disease. To date, PCD diagnosis has mainly relied on nonquantitative methods that have limited sensitivity or require a priori knowledge of the genes involved. Here, we developed a quantitative super-resolution microscopy workflow: (i) to increase sensitivity and throughput, (ii) to detect structural defects in PCD patients' cells, and (iii) to quantify motility defects caused by yet to be found PCD genes. Toward these goals, we built a localization map of PCD proteins by three-dimensional structured illumination microscopy and implemented quantitative image analysis and machine learning to detect protein mislocalization, we analyzed axonemal structure by stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy, and we developed a high-throughput method for detecting motile cilia uncoordination by rotational polarity. Together, our data show that super-resolution methods are powerful tools for improving diagnosis of motile ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liu
- Biochemistry Department, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada.,Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G0A4, Canada
| | - Quynh P H Nguyen
- Biochemistry Department, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada.,Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G0A4, Canada
| | - Qingxu Guan
- Biochemistry Department, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada.,Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G0A4, Canada
| | - Alexandra Albulescu
- Biochemistry Department, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada.,Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G0A4, Canada
| | - Lauren Erdman
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G0A4, Canada.,Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3A1, Canada
| | - Yasaman Mahdaviyeh
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G0A4, Canada.,Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3A1, Canada
| | - Jasmine Kang
- Biochemistry Department, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada.,Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G0A4, Canada
| | - Hong Ouyang
- Translational Medicine Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G0A4, Canada
| | - Richard G Hegele
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Theo Moraes
- Translational Medicine Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G0A4, Canada
| | - Anna Goldenberg
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G0A4, Canada.,Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3A1, Canada.,Vector Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada.,Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, ON M5G1M1, Canada
| | - Sharon D Dell
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto,Toronto, ON M5S1A8 , Canada
| | - Vito Mennella
- Biochemistry Department, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada. .,Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G0A4, Canada.,Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, National Health Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
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11
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Rooj AK, Cormet-Boyaka E, Clark EB, Qadri YJ, Lee W, Boddu R, Agarwal A, Tambi R, Uddin M, Parpura V, Sorscher EJ, Fuller CM, Berdiev BK. Association of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator with epithelial sodium channel subunits carrying Liddle's syndrome mutations. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 321:L308-L320. [PMID: 34037494 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00298.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The association of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) in the pathophysiology of cystic fibrosis (CF) is controversial. Previously, we demonstrated a close physical association between wild-type (WT) CFTR and WT ENaC. We have also shown that the F508del CFTR fails to associate with ENaC unless the mutant protein is rescued pharmacologically or by low temperature. In this study, we present the evidence for a direct physical association between WT CFTR and ENaC subunits carrying Liddle's syndrome mutations. We show that all three ENaC subunits bearing Liddle's syndrome mutations (both point mutations and the complete truncation of the carboxy terminus), could be coimmunoprecipitated with WT CFTR. The biochemical studies were complemented by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), a distance-dependent approach that monitors protein-protein interactions between fluorescently labeled molecules. Our measurements revealed significantly increased fluorescence resonance energy transfer between CFTR and all tested ENaC combinations as compared with controls (ECFP and EYFP cotransfected cells). Our findings are consistent with the notion that CFTR and ENaC are within reach of each other even in the setting of Liddle's syndrome mutations, suggestive of a direct intermolecular interaction between these two proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun K Rooj
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | - Edlira B Clark
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Yawar J Qadri
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - William Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Ravindra Boddu
- Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Anupam Agarwal
- Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Richa Tambi
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammed Uddin
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vladimir Parpura
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Eric J Sorscher
- Department of Pediatrics, The Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Cathy M Fuller
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Bakhrom K Berdiev
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama.,College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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12
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Zhao C, Li X, Wu Q, Liu X. A thread-based wearable sweat nanobiosensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 188:113270. [PMID: 34074569 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Non-invasive wearable biosensors provide an efficient way of continuously quantifying a person's biochemical parameters, and are highly valuable for predicting human physiological status and flagging risks and illness. Commercial wearable sensors are available for tracking a user's physical activities, but few could monitor user's health conditions through sweat analysis. Electronic textile (e-textile) biosensors enable new applications in this scenario because of its high flexibility/wearability, low cost, high level of electronic integration, and unobtrusiveness. However, challenges in developing e-textile sweat biosensors remain in the production of textile-based biosensing materials, skin interfacing design, and embedded data acquisition/transmission. Here, we propose a novel wearable electrochemical sweat biosensor based on conductive threads decorated with zinc-oxide nanowires (ZnO NWs) and apply it to detecting lactate and sodium in perspiration during physical exercise. The sweat biosensor is fully integrated with signal readout and data communication circuits in a wearable headband and is capable of monitoring human sweat accurately and wirelessly. We achieved the detection of lactate and sodium in linear ranges of 0-25 mM and 0.1-100 mM and limits of detection of 3.61 mM and 0.16 mM, respectively, which cover the clinically-relevant ranges of lactate and sodium in human sweat. We demonstrated accurate lactate and sodium measurements in human sweat from a healthy volunteer, and the results are in good agreement with standard test results. We also conducted on-body measurements on the same human volunteer during exercise and confirmed the robustness of the signal readout during body movements and the excellent accuracy of the testing results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhao
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Canada; State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Qiyang Wu
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Canada
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Canada; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Canada.
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13
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Pathophysiology of Lung Disease and Wound Repair in Cystic Fibrosis. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2021; 28:155-188. [PMID: 35366275 PMCID: PMC8830450 DOI: 10.3390/pathophysiology28010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive, life-threatening condition affecting many organs and tissues, the lung disease being the chief cause of morbidity and mortality. Mutations affecting the CF Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene determine the expression of a dysfunctional protein that, in turn, triggers a pathophysiological cascade, leading to airway epithelium injury and remodeling. In vitro and in vivo studies point to a dysregulated regeneration and wound repair in CF airways, to be traced back to epithelial CFTR lack/dysfunction. Subsequent altered ion/fluid fluxes and/or signaling result in reduced cell migration and proliferation. Furthermore, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition appears to be partially triggered in CF, contributing to wound closure alteration. Finally, we pose our attention to diverse approaches to tackle this defect, discussing the therapeutic role of protease inhibitors, CFTR modulators and mesenchymal stem cells. Although the pathophysiology of wound repair in CF has been disclosed in some mechanisms, further studies are warranted to understand the cellular and molecular events in more details and to better address therapeutic interventions.
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14
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Gramegna A, Contarini M, Bindo F, Aliberti S, Blasi F. Elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor: The new paradigm to treat people with cystic fibrosis with at least one p.Phe508del mutation. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2021; 57:81-88. [PMID: 33582393 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis is the most common life-limiting genetic disease in the Caucasian population, with median predicted survival progressively improving up to 50 years, thanks to highly standardized multidisciplinary approach. Patients with p.Phe508del homozygosity usually have poorer lung function and higher mortality rates per year than other groups. By reason of that, this population has been among the most eligible target of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators, a new class of drugs that can partially restore CFTR function by the correction of CFTR misfolding and trafficking to the cell surface. This narrative review summarizes the current preclinical and clinical evidence of the triple combination of elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor, the new benchmark among highly effective CFTR modulators. It provides details on the efficacy and safety that led to drug regulation and approval and discusses future developments in clinical and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gramegna
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milano, Italy; Respiratory Disease and Adult Cystic Fibrosis Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore, Policlinico, Milano, Italy.
| | - Martina Contarini
- Respiratory Disease and Adult Cystic Fibrosis Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore, Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Bindo
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milano, Italy; Respiratory Disease and Adult Cystic Fibrosis Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore, Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Aliberti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milano, Italy; Respiratory Disease and Adult Cystic Fibrosis Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore, Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Blasi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milano, Italy; Respiratory Disease and Adult Cystic Fibrosis Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore, Policlinico, Milano, Italy
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15
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Ghaffaripour H, Mirkarimi M, Hassanzad M, Boloursaz M, Mohammadi S. Evaluation of Inflammatory Biomarkers in Iranian Patients with Cystic Fibrosis. CURRENT RESPIRATORY MEDICINE REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573398x16999201026223411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background::
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by a
progressive and recurrent lung infection.
Objective::
This study aimed to evaluate the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and their correlations
with lung function in CF patients.
Methods::
A matched case-control study was conducted among 18 CF (children and adults) and 18
control patients (age and gender-matched) who were admitted to Masih Daneshvari Hospital
(Tehran, Iran). The controls had no obvious inflammatory lung disease. The samples of bronchoalveolar
lavage (BAL) fluid, serum, and sputum of participants were collected to determine concentrations
of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukins (IL-8, IL-1β) and tumour necrosis factor-
alpha (TNF-α) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Spirometry was applied
and functional pulmonary indices [forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1
second (FEV1)] were assessed.
Results::
The mean age of CF patients was 15.43 ± 5.970 years (range 4-24). The FVC in a majority
of the CF patients (66.7%) was below 60% and only 33.3% of the patients exhibited normal or
mild respiratory dysfunction. There were significant differences between FVC and FEV1 measurements
before and after bronchoscopy. In addition, IL-8 levels in all three samples (serum, sputum,
and BAL) of CF patients and levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in BAL and sputum samples of CF patients
were significantly higher than the control group (p<0.001). However, increased cytokine levels
were not associated with lung function.
Conclusion::
Increased IL-8 and TNF-α levels seemed to be associated with signs of clinical deterioration
and might be useful as diagnostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosseinali Ghaffaripour
- Pediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Mirkarimi
- Pediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Hassanzad
- Pediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Boloursaz
- Pediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shooka Mohammadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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16
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Masi L, Ferrari S, Javaid MK, Papapoulos S, Pierroz DD, Brandi ML. Bone fragility in patients affected by congenital diseases non skeletal in origin. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:11. [PMID: 33407701 PMCID: PMC7789665 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-020-01611-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone tissue represents a large systemic compartment of the human body, with an active metabolism, that controls mineral deposition and removal, and where several factors may play a role. For these reasons, several non-skeletal diseases may influence bone metabolism. It is of a crucial importance to classify these disorders in order to facilitate diagnosis and clinical management. This article reports a taxonomic classification of non-skeletal rare congenital disorders, which have an impact on bone metabolism METHODS: The International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) Skeletal Rare Diseases Working Group (SRD-WG), comprised of basic and clinical scientists, has decided to review the taxonomy of non-skeletal rare disorders that may alter bone physiology. RESULTS The taxonomy of non-skeletal rare congenital disorders which impact bone comprises a total of 6 groups of disorders that may influence the activity of bone cells or the characteristics of bone matrix. CONCLUSIONS This paper provides the first comprehensive taxonomy of non-skeletal rare congenital disorders with impact on bone physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Masi
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Unit, University Hospital of Florence, AOU-Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - S Ferrari
- Division of Bone Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M K Javaid
- Oxford NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - S Papapoulos
- Center for Bone Quality, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - D D Pierroz
- International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF), Rue Juste-Olivier 9, 1260, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - M L Brandi
- Fondazione Italiana Ricerca sulle Malattie dell'Osso, Florence, Italy.
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
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17
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Lazarowski ER, Boucher RC. Purinergic receptors in airway hydration. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 187:114387. [PMID: 33358825 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Airway epithelial purinergic receptors control key components of the mucociliary clearance (MCC), the dominant component of pulmonary host defense. In healthy airways, the periciliary liquid (PCL) is optimally hydrated, thus acting as an efficient lubricant layer over which the mucus layer moves by ciliary force. When the hydration of the airway surface decreases, the mucus becomes hyperconcentrated, the PCL collapses, and the "thickened" mucus layer adheres to cell surfaces, causing plaque/plug formation. Mucus accumulation is a major contributing factor to the progression of chronic obstructive lung diseases such as cystic fibrosis (CF) and chronic bronchitis (CB). Mucus hydration is regulated by finely tuned mechanisms of luminal Cl- secretion and Na+ absorption with concomitant osmotically driven water flow. These activities are regulated by airway surface liquid (ASL) concentrations of adenosine and ATP, acting on airway epithelial A2B and P2Y2 receptors, respectively. The goal of this article is to provide an overview of our understanding of the role of purinergic receptors in the regulation of airway epithelial ion/fluid transport and the mechanisms of nucleotide release and metabolic activities that contribute to airway surface hydration in healthy and chronically obstructed airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo R Lazarowski
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
| | - Richard C Boucher
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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18
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McCormick J, Hoffman K, Thompson H, Skinner D, Zhang S, Grayson J, Illek B, Cho DY, Woodworth BA. Differential Chloride Secretory Capacity in Transepithelial Ion Transport Properties in Chronic Rhinosinusitis. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2020; 34:830-837. [PMID: 32576027 PMCID: PMC9793428 DOI: 10.1177/1945892420930975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial ion transport regulates hydration of airway mucosal surfaces, and thus promotes effective mucociliary clearance (MCC). Decreased transepithelial Cl- transport may contribute to epithelial dysfunction by abrogating MCC and increasing mucus viscosity in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The objective of the current study is to evaluate Cl- channel transport properties from cultures of human sinonasal epithelia. METHODS Human sinonasal epithelia (HSNE) from patients undergoing sinus surgery were cultured at an air-liquid interface to confluence and full differentiation. The epithelial monolayers were mounted in Ussing Chambers to investigate pharmacological manipulation of ion transport. Epithelial Na+ channel (via Amiloride), CFTR (via forskolin), and Ca2+-activated Cl- channel (CaCC, via UTP) transport were investigated among three different patient groups: Control, CRS and CRS with polyposis. CFTR mRNA levels were evaluated with quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS HSNE cultures from 18 patients (Control = 9, CRS = 6, CRS with polyposis = 3) were evaluated in 142 experiments. Summary data from the 18 patients demonstrated that stimulated CFTR-mediated anion transport (Δ ISC) was significantly lower with CRS (7.58+/-2.24 µA/cm2) compared to control (25.86+/-3.44 µA/cm2) and CRS with polyposis (20.16+/-4.0 µA/cm2) (p = 0.004). No statistically significant difference was found for CaCC anion transport between groups (p = 0.39). Significantly decreased mRNA (relative expression) was noted in CRS cultures (CRS = 40.83+/-1.76 vs. control = 116.2+/-24.27, p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS A substantial decrease in the Cl- secretory capacity of HSNE monolayers was demonstrated in CRS subjects. Data suggest that CFTR may contribute more to abnormal ion transport in CRS than CaCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin McCormick
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head
& Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham,
Alabama
| | - Kyle Hoffman
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head
& Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham,
Alabama
| | - Harrison Thompson
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head
& Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham,
Alabama
| | - Daniel Skinner
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head
& Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham,
Alabama
| | - Shaoyan Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head
& Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham,
Alabama
| | - Jessica Grayson
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head
& Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham,
Alabama
| | - Beate Illek
- UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital
Oakland, Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland,
California
| | - Do-Yeon Cho
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head
& Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham,
Alabama,Gregory Fleming James Cystic
Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham,
Alabama,Division of Otolaryngology,
Department of Surgery, Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama,Do-Yeon Cho, Department of
Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1155
Faculty Office Tower 510 20th Street South, Birmingham, AL. 35233, USA.
| | - Bradford A. Woodworth
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head
& Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham,
Alabama,Gregory Fleming James Cystic
Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham,
Alabama
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19
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Gramegna A, Contarini M, Aliberti S, Casciaro R, Blasi F, Castellani C. From Ivacaftor to Triple Combination: A Systematic Review of Efficacy and Safety of CFTR Modulators in People with Cystic Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5882. [PMID: 32824306 PMCID: PMC7461566 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last years CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) modulators have shown the ability to improve relevant clinical outcomes in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). This review aims at a systematic research of the current evidence on efficacy and tolerability of CFTR modulators for different genetic subsets of patients with CF. Two investigators independently performed the search on PubMed and included phase 2 and 3 clinical trials published in the study period 1 January 2005-31 January 2020. A final pool of 23 papers was included in the systematic review for a total of 4219 patients. For each paper data of interest were extracted and reported in table. In terms of lung function, patients who had the most beneficial effects from CFTR modulation were those patients with one gating mutation receiving IVA (ivacaftor) and patients with p.Phe508del mutation, both homozygous and heterozygous, receiving ELX/TEZ/IVA (elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor) had the most relevant beneficial effects in term of lung function, pulmonary exacerbation decrease, and symptom improvement. CFTR modulators showed an overall favorable safety profile. Next steps should aim to systematize our comprehension of scientific data of efficacy and safety coming from real life observational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gramegna
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milano, 20129 Milano, Italy; (S.A.); (F.B.)
- Respiratory Disease and Adult Cystic Fibrosis Center, Internal Medicine Department, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore, Policlinico, 20129 Milano, Italy;
| | - Martina Contarini
- Respiratory Disease and Adult Cystic Fibrosis Center, Internal Medicine Department, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore, Policlinico, 20129 Milano, Italy;
| | - Stefano Aliberti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milano, 20129 Milano, Italy; (S.A.); (F.B.)
- Respiratory Disease and Adult Cystic Fibrosis Center, Internal Medicine Department, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore, Policlinico, 20129 Milano, Italy;
| | - Rosaria Casciaro
- IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Cystic Fibrosis Center, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (R.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Francesco Blasi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milano, 20129 Milano, Italy; (S.A.); (F.B.)
- Respiratory Disease and Adult Cystic Fibrosis Center, Internal Medicine Department, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore, Policlinico, 20129 Milano, Italy;
| | - Carlo Castellani
- IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Cystic Fibrosis Center, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (R.C.); (C.C.)
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20
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Almughem FA, Aldossary AM, Tawfik EA, Alomary MN, Alharbi WS, Alshahrani MY, Alshehri AA. Cystic Fibrosis: Overview of the Current Development Trends and Innovative Therapeutic Strategies. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E616. [PMID: 32630625 PMCID: PMC7407299 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12070616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic Fibrosis (CF), an autosomal recessive genetic disease, is caused by a mutation in the gene encoding the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). This mutation reduces the release of chloride ions (Cl-) in epithelial tissues, and hyperactivates the epithelial sodium channels (ENaC) which aid in the absorption of sodium ions (Na+). Consequently, the mucus becomes dehydrated and thickened, making it a suitable medium for microbial growth. CF causes several chronic lung complications like thickened mucus, bacterial infection and inflammation, progressive loss of lung function, and ultimately, death. Until recently, the standard of clinical care in CF treatment had focused on preventing and treating the disease complications. In this review, we have summarized the current knowledge on CF pathogenesis and provided an outlook on the current therapeutic approaches relevant to CF (i.e., CFTR modulators and ENaC inhibitors). The enormous potential in targeting bacterial biofilms using antibiofilm peptides, and the innovative therapeutic strategies in using the CRISPR/Cas approach as a gene-editing tool to repair the CFTR mutation have been reviewed. Finally, we have discussed the wide range of drug delivery systems available, particularly non-viral vectors, and the optimal properties of nanocarriers which are essential for successful drug delivery to the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad A. Almughem
- National Centre for Pharmaceutical Technology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.A.); (E.A.T.)
| | - Ahmad M. Aldossary
- National Centre for Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (M.N.A.)
| | - Essam A. Tawfik
- National Centre for Pharmaceutical Technology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.A.); (E.A.T.)
| | - Mohammad N. Alomary
- National Centre for Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (M.N.A.)
| | - Waleed S. Alharbi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80260, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammad Y. Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 61413, Abha 9088, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdullah A. Alshehri
- National Centre for Pharmaceutical Technology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.A.); (E.A.T.)
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21
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Shi S, Montalbetti N, Wang X, Rush BM, Marciszyn AL, Baty CJ, Tan RJ, Carattino MD, Kleyman TR. Paraoxonase 3 functions as a chaperone to decrease functional expression of the epithelial sodium channel. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:4950-4962. [PMID: 32079677 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The paraoxonase (PON) family comprises three highly conserved members: PON1, PON2, and PON3. They are orthologs of Caenorhabditis elegans MEC-6, an endoplasmic reticulum-resident chaperone that has a critical role in proper assembly and surface expression of the touch-sensing degenerin channel in nematodes. We have shown recently that MEC-6 and PON2 negatively regulate functional expression of the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC), suggesting that the chaperone function is conserved within this family. We hypothesized that other PON family members also modulate ion channel expression. Pon3 is specifically expressed in the aldosterone-sensitive distal tubules in the mouse kidney. We found here that knocking down endogenous Pon3 in mouse cortical collecting duct cells enhanced Na+ transport, which was associated with increased γENaC abundance. We further examined Pon3 regulation of ENaC in two heterologous expression systems, Fisher rat thyroid cells and Xenopus oocytes. Pon3 coimmunoprecipitated with each of the three ENaC subunits in Fisher rat thyroid cells. As a result of this interaction, the whole-cell and surface abundance of ENaC α and γ subunits was reduced by Pon3. When expressed in oocytes, Pon3 inhibited ENaC-mediated amiloride-sensitive Na+ currents, in part by reducing the surface expression of ENaC. In contrast, Pon3 did not alter the response of ENaC to chymotrypsin-mediated proteolytic activation or [2-(trimethylammonium)ethyl]methanethiosulfonate-induced activation of αβS518Cγ, suggesting that Pon3 does not affect channel open probability. Together, our results suggest that PON3 regulates ENaC expression by inhibiting its biogenesis and/or trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Shi
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Nicolas Montalbetti
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Xueqi Wang
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261.,Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Brittney M Rush
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Allison L Marciszyn
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Catherine J Baty
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Roderick J Tan
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Marcelo D Carattino
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Thomas R Kleyman
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
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22
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Fujikawa H, Kawakami T, Nakashima R, Nasu A, Kamei S, Nohara H, Eto Y, Ueno-Shuto K, Takeo T, Nakagata N, Suico MA, Kai H, Shuto T. Azithromycin Inhibits Constitutive Airway Epithelial Sodium Channel Activation in Vitro and Modulates Downstream Pathogenesis in Vivo. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 43:725-730. [PMID: 32009028 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-01091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) is an amiloride-sensitive sodium ion channel that is expressed in epithelial tissues. ENaC overexpression and/or hyperactivation in airway epithelial cells cause sodium over-absorption and dysregulated ciliary movement for mucus clearance; however, the agents that suppress constitutive airway ENaC activation are yet to be clinically available. Here, we focused on macrolides, which are widely used antibiotics that have many potential immunomodulatory effects. We examined whether macrolides could modulate constitutive ENaC activity and downstream events that typify cystic fibrosis (CF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) in in vitro and in vivo models of ENaC overexpression. Treatment of ENaC-overexpressing human bronchial epithelial cells (β/γENaC-16HBE14o- cells) with three macrolides (erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin) confirmed dose-dependent suppression of ENaC function. For in vivo studies, mice harboring airway specific βENaC overexpression (C57BL/6J-βENaC-transgenic mice) were treated orally with azithromycin, a well-established antimicrobial agent that has been widely prescribed. Azithromycin treatment modulated pulmonary mechanics, emphysematous phenotype and pulmonary dysfunction. Notably, a lower dose (3 mg kg-1) of azithromycin significantly increased forced expiratory volume in 0.1 s (FEV0.1), an inverse indicator of bronchoconstriction. Although not statistically significant, improvement of pulmonary obstructive parameters such as emphysema and lung dysfunction (FEV0.1%) was observed. Our results demonstrate that macrolides directly attenuate constitutive ENaC function in vitro and may be promising for the treatment of obstructive lung diseases with defective mucociliary clearance, possibly by targeting ENaC hyperactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Fujikawa
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University.,Program for Leading Graduate Schools "HIGO (Health life science: Interdisciplinary and Glocal Oriented) Program," Kumamoto University
| | - Taise Kawakami
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Ryunosuke Nakashima
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Aoi Nasu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Shunsuke Kamei
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University.,Program for Leading Graduate Schools "HIGO (Health life science: Interdisciplinary and Glocal Oriented) Program," Kumamoto University.,Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University
| | - Hirofumi Nohara
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University.,Program for Leading Graduate Schools "HIGO (Health life science: Interdisciplinary and Glocal Oriented) Program," Kumamoto University
| | - Yuka Eto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Keiko Ueno-Shuto
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Division of Life Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University
| | - Toru Takeo
- Division of Reproductive Engineering, Center for Animal Resources and Development (CARD), Kumamoto University
| | - Naomi Nakagata
- Division of Reproductive Engineering, Center for Animal Resources and Development (CARD), Kumamoto University
| | - Mary Ann Suico
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University.,Global Center for Natural Resources Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Hirofumi Kai
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University.,Global Center for Natural Resources Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Tsuyoshi Shuto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University.,Global Center for Natural Resources Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University
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23
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Christopher Boyd A, Guo S, Huang L, Kerem B, Oren YS, Walker AJ, Hart SL. New approaches to genetic therapies for cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2020; 19 Suppl 1:S54-S59. [PMID: 31948871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2019.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy offers great promise for cystic fibrosis which has never been quite fulfilled due to the challenges of delivering sufficient amounts of the CFTR gene and expression persistence for a sufficient period of time in the lungs to have any effect. Initial trials explored both viral and non-viral vectors but failed to achieve a significant breakthrough. However, in recent years, new opportunities have emerged that exploit our increased knowledge and understanding of the biology of CF and the airway epithelium. New technologies include new viral and non-viral vector approaches to delivery, but also alternative nucleic acid technologies including oligonucleotides and siRNA approaches for gene silencing and gene splicing, described in this review, as presented at the 2019 annual European CF Society Basic Science meeting (Dubrovnik, Croatia). We also briefly discuss other emerging technologies including mRNA and CRISPR gene editing that are advancing rapidly. The future prospects for genetic therapies for CF are now diverse and more promising probably than any time since the discovery of the CF gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Christopher Boyd
- University of Edinburgh, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh and Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh UK; UK Cystic Fibrosis Gene Therapy Consortium, UK
| | - Shuling Guo
- Antisense Drug Discovery, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, California, USA
| | - Lulu Huang
- Antisense Drug Discovery, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, California, USA
| | - Batsheva Kerem
- Department of Genetics, The Life Sciences Institute, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem Israel; SpliSenseTherapeutics, Givat Ram Campus, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yifat S Oren
- SpliSenseTherapeutics, Givat Ram Campus, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Amy J Walker
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London UK
| | - Stephen L Hart
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London UK.
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24
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Kleyman TR, Eaton DC. Regulating ENaC's gate. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 318:C150-C162. [PMID: 31721612 PMCID: PMC6985836 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00418.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial Na+ channels (ENaCs) are members of a family of cation channels that function as sensors of the extracellular environment. ENaCs are activated by specific proteases in the biosynthetic pathway and at the cell surface and remove embedded inhibitory tracts, which allows channels to transition to higher open-probability states. Resolved structures of ENaC and an acid-sensing ion channel revealed highly organized extracellular regions. Within the periphery of ENaC subunits are unique domains formed by antiparallel β-strands containing the inhibitory tracts and protease cleavage sites. ENaCs are inhibited by Na+ binding to specific extracellular site(s), which promotes channel transition to a lower open-probability state. Specific inositol phospholipids and channel modification by Cys-palmitoylation enhance channel open probability. How these regulatory factors interact in a concerted manner to influence channel open probability is an important question that has not been resolved. These various factors are reviewed, and the impact of specific factors on human disorders is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R Kleyman
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, and Departments of Cell Biology and of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Douglas C Eaton
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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25
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Scambler T, Jarosz-Griffiths HH, Lara-Reyna S, Pathak S, Wong C, Holbrook J, Martinon F, Savic S, Peckham D, McDermott MF. ENaC-mediated sodium influx exacerbates NLRP3-dependent inflammation in cystic fibrosis. eLife 2019; 8:49248. [PMID: 31532390 PMCID: PMC6764826 DOI: 10.7554/elife.49248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a monogenic disease caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, resulting in defective CFTR-mediated chloride and bicarbonate transport, with dysregulation of epithelial sodium channels (ENaC). These changes alter fluid and electrolyte homeostasis and result in an exaggerated proinflammatory response driven, in part, by infection. We tested the hypothesis that NLRP3 inflammasome activation and ENaC upregulation drives exaggerated innate-immune responses in this multisystem disease. We identify an enhanced proinflammatory signature, as evidenced by increased levels of IL-18, IL-1β, caspase-1 activity and ASC-speck release in monocytes, epithelia and serum with CF-associated mutations; these differences were reversed by pretreatment with NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors and notably, inhibition of amiloride-sensitive sodium (Na+) channels. Overexpression of β-ENaC, in the absence of CFTR dysfunction, increased NLRP3-mediated inflammation, indicating that dysregulated, ENaC-dependent signalling may drive exaggerated inflammatory responses in CF. These data support a role for sodium in modulating NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Scambler
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Heledd H Jarosz-Griffiths
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,Leeds Cystic Fibrosis Trust Strategic Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel Lara-Reyna
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Shelly Pathak
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Chi Wong
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,Leeds Cystic Fibrosis Trust Strategic Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Holbrook
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,Leeds Cystic Fibrosis Trust Strategic Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Fabio Martinon
- Leeds Cystic Fibrosis Trust Strategic Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sinisa Savic
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,Leeds Cystic Fibrosis Trust Strategic Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Peckham
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,Leeds Cystic Fibrosis Trust Strategic Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,Adult Cystic Fibrosis Unit, St James' University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Michael F McDermott
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,Leeds Cystic Fibrosis Trust Strategic Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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26
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Musante I, Scudieri P, Venturini A, Guidone D, Caci E, Castellani S, Conese M, Galietta LJV. Peripheral localization of the epithelial sodium channel in the apical membrane of bronchial epithelial cells. Exp Physiol 2019; 104:866-875. [PMID: 30924990 DOI: 10.1113/ep087590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? What is the precise subcellular localization of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) in human airway epithelium? What is the main finding and its importance? ENaC protein has an unexpected localization in the peripheral region of the apical membrane of bronchial epithelial cells, very close to tight junctions. This may be important for the mechanism of Na+ absorption ABSTRACT: The epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) has a key role in absorbing fluid across the human airway epithelium. Altered activity of ENaC may perturb the process of mucociliary clearance, thus impairing the innate defence mechanisms against microbial agents. The proteins forming ENaC are present on the apical membrane of the epithelium. However, their precise localization is unknown. In the present study, we used two antibodies recognizing the α and β ENaC subunits. Both antibodies revealed a restricted localization of ENaC in the peripheral region of the apical membrane of cultured bronchial epithelial cells, close to but not overlapping with tight junctions. In contrast, the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator chloride channel was more diffusely expressed on the whole apical membrane. Modulation of ENaC activity by aprotinin or elastase resulted in a decrease or increase in the peripheral localization, respectively. Our results suggest that sodium absorption is mainly occurring close to tight junctions where this cation may be rapidly expelled by the Na+ /K+ pump present in lateral membranes. This arrangement of channels and pumps may limit Na+ build-up in other regions of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Musante
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Paolo Scudieri
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Arianna Venturini
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Daniela Guidone
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Emanuela Caci
- UOC Genetica Medica, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Stefano Castellani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Massimo Conese
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Luis J V Galietta
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DISMET), Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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27
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Nakashima R, Kamei S, Nohara H, Fujikawa H, Maruta K, Kawakami T, Eto Y, Takahashi N, Suico MA, Takeo T, Nakagata N, Kai H, Shuto T. Auto-measure emphysematous parameters and pathophysiological gene expression profiles in experimental mouse models of acute and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. J Pharmacol Sci 2019; 140:113-119. [PMID: 31248767 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary emphysema, inflammation and senescence-like phenotype are pathophysiological characteristics of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Recently, a murine model of COPD has been established by inducing airway-specific overexpression of epithelial Na+ channel β subunit (βENaC-Tg mice). However, little is known about the histological and biochemical differences between βENaC-Tg mice and an existing acute emphysematous mouse model (elastase-induced model). Here, we first utilized whole lung image-based quantification method for histological analysis to determine auto-measure parameters, including alveolar area, alveolar perimeter, (major axis + minor axis)/2 and Feret diameter. Even though the extent of emphysema was similar in both models, the coefficient of variation (CV) of all histological parameters was smaller in βENaC-Tg mice, indicating that βENaC-Tg mice show homogeneous emphysema as compared with elastase-induced acute model. Expression analysis of lung tissue RNAs further revealed that elastase-induced model exhibits transient changes of inflammation markers (Kc, Il-6, Lcn2) and senescence-related markers (Sirt1, p21) at emphysema-initiation stage (1 day), which does not last until emphysema-manifestation stage (3 weeks); while the up-regulation is stable at emphysema-manifestation stage in βENaC-Tg mice (14-week old). Thus, these studies demonstrate that βENaC-Tg mice exhibit diffuse-type emphysema with stable expression of inflammatory and senescence-like markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryunosuke Nakashima
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kamei
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan; Program for Leading Graduate Schools "HIGO (Health Life Science: Interdisciplinary and Global Oriented) Program", 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Nohara
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan; Program for Leading Graduate Schools "HIGO (Health Life Science: Interdisciplinary and Global Oriented) Program", 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Haruka Fujikawa
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan; Program for Leading Graduate Schools "HIGO (Health Life Science: Interdisciplinary and Global Oriented) Program", 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Kasumi Maruta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Taisei Kawakami
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Yuka Eto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Noriki Takahashi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Mary Ann Suico
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Toru Takeo
- Division of Reproductive Engineering, Center for Animal Resources and Development (CARD), Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Naomi Nakagata
- Division of Reproductive Engineering, Center for Animal Resources and Development (CARD), Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Kai
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Shuto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan.
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28
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Kunzelmann K, Ousingsawat J, Cabrita I, Doušová T, Bähr A, Janda M, Schreiber R, Benedetto R. TMEM16A in Cystic Fibrosis: Activating or Inhibiting? Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:3. [PMID: 30761000 PMCID: PMC6362895 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory airway disease cystic fibrosis (CF) is characterized by airway obstruction due to mucus hypersecretion, airway plugging, and bronchoconstriction. The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride channel is dysfunctional in CF, leading to defects in epithelial transport. Although CF pathogenesis is still disputed, activation of alternative Cl- channels is assumed to improve lung function in CF. Two suitable non-CFTR Cl- channels are present in the airway epithelium, the Ca2+ activated channel TMEM16A and SLC26A9. Activation of these channels is thought to be feasible to improve hydration of the airway mucus and to increase mucociliary clearance. Interestingly, both channels are upregulated during inflammatory lung disease. They are assumed to support fluid secretion, necessary to hydrate excess mucus and to maintain mucus clearance. During inflammation, however, TMEM16A is upregulated particularly in mucus producing cells, with only little expression in ciliated cells. Recently it was shown that knockout of TMEM16A in ciliated cells strongly compromises Cl- conductance and attenuated mucus secretion, but does not lead to a CF-like lung disease and airway plugging. Along this line, activation of TMEM16A by denufosol, a stable purinergic ligand, failed to demonstrate any benefit to CF patients in earlier studies. It rather induced adverse effects such as cough. A number of studies suggest that TMEM16A is essential for mucus secretion and possibly also for mucus production. Evidence is now provided for a crucial role of TMEM16A in fusion of mucus-filled granules with the apical plasma membrane and cellular exocytosis. This is probably due to local Ca2+ signals facilitated by TMEM16A. Taken together, TMEM16A supports fluid secretion by ciliated airway epithelial cells, but also maintains excessive mucus secretion during inflammatory airway disease. Because TMEM16A also supports airway smooth muscle contraction, inhibition rather than activation of TMEM16A might be the appropriate treatment for CF lung disease, asthma and COPD. As a number of FDA-approved and well-tolerated drugs have been shown to inhibit TMEM16A, evaluation in clinical trials appears timely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Kunzelmann
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Inês Cabrita
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tereza Doušová
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Andrea Bähr
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Innere Medizin I, Klinikum Rechts der Isar der TU München, München, Germany
| | - Melanie Janda
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Rainer Schreiber
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Roberta Benedetto
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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29
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Nebulized hypertonic saline triggers nervous system-mediated active liquid secretion in cystic fibrosis swine trachea. Sci Rep 2019; 9:540. [PMID: 30679487 PMCID: PMC6345831 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36695-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhaled hypertonic saline (HTS) treatment is used to improve lung health in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). The current consensus is that the treatment generates an osmotic gradient that draws water into the airways and increases airway surface liquid (ASL) volume. However, there is evidence that HTS may also stimulate active secretion of ASL by airway epithelia through the activation of sensory neurons. We tested the contribution of the nervous system and airway epithelia on HTS-stimulated ASL height increase in CF and wild-type swine airway. We used synchrotron-based imaging to investigate whether airway neurons and epithelia are involved in HTS treatment-triggered ASL secretion in CFTR−/− and wild-type swine. We showed that blocking parasympathetic and sensory neurons in airway resulted in ~50% reduction of the effect of HTS treatment on ASL volume in vivo. Incubating tracheal preparations with inhibitors of epithelial ion transport across airway decreased secretory responses to HTS treatment. CFTR−/− swine ex-vivo tracheal preparations showed substantially decreased secretory response to HTS treatment after blockage of neuronal activity. Our results indicated that HTS-triggered ASL secretion is partially mediated by the stimulation of airway neurons and the subsequent activation of active epithelia secretion; osmosis accounts for only ~50% of the effect.
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30
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Rubin BK, Thornton DJ. Dropping acid: why is cystic fibrosis mucus abnormal? Eur Respir J 2018; 52:52/6/1802057. [PMID: 30523208 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02057-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruce K Rubin
- Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Richmond at VCU, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - David J Thornton
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research and Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK
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31
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Massip-Copiz MM, Santa-Coloma TA. Extracellular pH and lung infections in cystic fibrosis. Eur J Cell Biol 2018; 97:402-410. [PMID: 29933921 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by CFTR mutations. It is characterized by high NaCl concentration in sweat and the production of a thick and sticky mucus, occluding secretory ducts, intestine and airways, accompanied by chronic inflammation and infections of the lungs. This causes a progressive and lethal decline in lung function. Therefore, finding the mechanisms driving the high susceptibility to lung infections has been a key issue. For decades the prevalent hypothesis was that a reduced airway surface liquid (ASL) volume and composition, and the consequent increased mucus concentration (dehydration), create an environment favoring infections. However, a few years ago, in a pig model of CF, the Na+/K+ concentrations and the ASL volume were found intact. Immediately a different hypothesis arose, postulating a reduced ASL pH as the cause for the increased susceptibility to infections, due to a diminished bicarbonate secretion through CFTR. Noteworthy, a recent report found normal ASL pH values in CF children and in cultured primary airway cells, challenging the ASL pH hypothesis. On the other hand, recent evidences revitalized the hypothesis of a reduced ASL secretion. Thus, the role of the ASL pH in the CF is still a controversial matter. In this review we discuss the basis that sustain the role of CFTR in modulating the extracellular pH, and the recent results sustaining the different points of view. Finding the mechanisms of CFTR signaling that determine the susceptibility to infections is crucial to understand the pathophysiology of CF and related lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Macarena Massip-Copiz
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED UCA-CONICET), The National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), and School of Medical Sciences, The Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tomás Antonio Santa-Coloma
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED UCA-CONICET), The National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), and School of Medical Sciences, The Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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32
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Tagalakis AD, Munye MM, Ivanova R, Chen H, Smith CM, Aldossary AM, Rosa LZ, Moulding D, Barnes JL, Kafetzis KN, Jones SA, Baines DL, Moss GWJ, O'Callaghan C, McAnulty RJ, Hart SL. Effective silencing of ENaC by siRNA delivered with epithelial-targeted nanocomplexes in human cystic fibrosis cells and in mouse lung. Thorax 2018; 73:847-856. [PMID: 29748250 PMCID: PMC6109249 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2017-210670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Loss of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator in cystic fibrosis (CF) leads to hyperabsorption of sodium and fluid from the airway due to upregulation of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC). Thickened mucus and depleted airway surface liquid (ASL) then lead to impaired mucociliary clearance. ENaC regulation is thus a promising target for CF therapy. Our aim was to develop siRNA nanocomplexes that mediate effective silencing of airway epithelial ENaC in vitro and in vivo with functional correction of epithelial ion and fluid transport. METHODS We investigated translocation of nanocomplexes through mucus and their transfection efficiency in primary CF epithelial cells grown at air-liquid interface (ALI).Short interfering RNA (SiRNA)-mediated silencing was examined by quantitative RT-PCR and western analysis of ENaC. Transepithelial potential (Vt), short circuit current (Isc), ASL depth and ciliary beat frequency (CBF) were measured for functional analysis. Inflammation was analysed by histological analysis of normal mouse lung tissue sections. RESULTS Nanocomplexes translocated more rapidly than siRNA alone through mucus. Transfections of primary CF epithelial cells with nanocomplexes targeting αENaC siRNA, reduced αENaC and βENaC mRNA by 30%. Transfections reduced Vt, the amiloride-sensitive Isc and mucus protein concentration while increasing ASL depth and CBF to normal levels. A single dose of siRNA in mouse lung silenced ENaC by approximately 30%, which persisted for at least 7 days. Three doses of siRNA increased silencing to approximately 50%. CONCLUSION Nanoparticle-mediated delivery of ENaCsiRNA to ALI cultures corrected aspects of the mucociliary defect in human CF cells and offers effective delivery and silencing in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristides D Tagalakis
- Experimental and Personalised Medicine Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Mustafa M Munye
- Experimental and Personalised Medicine Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Rositsa Ivanova
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Hanpeng Chen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Claire M Smith
- Respiratory, Critical Care and Anaesthesia, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Ahmad M Aldossary
- Experimental and Personalised Medicine Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Luca Z Rosa
- Experimental and Personalised Medicine Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Dale Moulding
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | | | - Konstantinos N Kafetzis
- Experimental and Personalised Medicine Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Stuart A Jones
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Deborah L Baines
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Guy W J Moss
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Christopher O'Callaghan
- Respiratory, Critical Care and Anaesthesia, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Robin J McAnulty
- UCL Respiratory Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, London, UK
| | - Stephen L Hart
- Experimental and Personalised Medicine Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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McCarron A, Donnelley M, Parsons D. Airway disease phenotypes in animal models of cystic fibrosis. Respir Res 2018; 19:54. [PMID: 29609604 PMCID: PMC5879563 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0750-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease is characterised by chronic infection, inflammation, airway remodelling, and mucus obstruction. A lack of pulmonary manifestations in CF mouse models has hindered investigations of airway disease pathogenesis, as well as the development and testing of potential therapeutics. However, recently generated CF animal models including rat, ferret and pig models demonstrate a range of well characterised lung disease phenotypes with varying degrees of severity. This review discusses the airway phenotypes of currently available CF animal models and presents potential applications of each model in airway-related CF research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra McCarron
- Adelaide Medical School, Discipline of Paediatrics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia. .,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia. .,Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Martin Donnelley
- Adelaide Medical School, Discipline of Paediatrics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - David Parsons
- Adelaide Medical School, Discipline of Paediatrics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Airway surface liquid pH is not acidic in children with cystic fibrosis. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1409. [PMID: 29123085 PMCID: PMC5680186 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00532-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Modulation of airway surface liquid (ASL) pH has been proposed as a therapy for cystic fibrosis (CF). However, evidence that ASL pH is reduced in CF is limited and conflicting. The technical challenges associated with measuring ASL pH in vivo have precluded accurate measurements in humans. In order to address this deficiency, ASL pH was measured in vivo in children using a novel luminescent technology integrated with fibre-optic probes. Here we show that ASL pH in children with CF is similar to that of children without CF. Findings were supported by highly controlled direct pH measurements in primary human airway epithelial cell culture models, which also suggest that the potential ASL pH gradient produced by defective apical ion transport is balanced out by paracellular shunting of acid/base. Thus, reduced baseline ASL pH is unlikely to be an important pathobiological factor in early CF lung disease. Modulation of airway surface liquid pH has been proposed as a therapy for cystic fibrosis, but whether pH is indeed altered in cystic fibrosis is controversial. Here, the authors develop a novel fibre-optic based pH measurement technology, and show that pH is not altered in children with cystic fibrosis.
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Scott DW, Walker MP, Sesma J, Wu B, Stuhlmiller TJ, Sabater JR, Abraham WM, Crowder TM, Christensen DJ, Tarran R. SPX-101 Is a Novel Epithelial Sodium Channel-targeted Therapeutic for Cystic Fibrosis That Restores Mucus Transport. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 196:734-744. [PMID: 28481660 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201612-2445oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease is caused by the loss of function of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) combined with hyperactivation of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC). In the lung, ENaC is responsible for movement of sodium. Hyperactivation of ENaC, which creates an osmotic gradient that pulls fluid out of the airway, contributes to reduced airway hydration, causing mucus dehydration, decreased mucociliary clearance, and recurrent acute bacterial infections. ENaC represents a therapeutic target to treat all patients with CF independent of their underlying CFTR mutation. OBJECTIVES To investigate the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of SPX-101, a peptide mimetic of the natural regulation of ENaC activity by short palate, lung, and nasal epithelial clone 1, known as SPLUNC1. METHODS ENaC internalization by SPX-101 in primary human bronchial epithelial cells from healthy and CF donors was assessed by surface biotinylation and subsequent Western blot analysis. SPX-101's in vivo therapeutic effect was assessed by survival of β-ENaC-transgenic mice, mucus transport in these mice, and mucus transport in a sheep model of CF. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS SPX-101 binds selectively to ENaC and promotes internalization of the α-, β-, and γ-subunits. Removing ENaC from the membrane with SPX-101 causes a significant decrease in amiloride-sensitive current. The peptide increases survival of β-ENaC-transgenic mice to greater than 90% with once-daily dosing by inhalation. SPX-101 increased mucus transport in the β-ENaC mouse model as well as the sheep model of CF. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that SPX-101 promotes durable reduction of ENaC membrane concentration, leading to significant improvements in mucus transport.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bryant Wu
- 1 Spyryx Biosciences, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Juan R Sabater
- 2 Department of Research, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, Florida; and
| | - William M Abraham
- 2 Department of Research, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, Florida; and
| | | | | | - Robert Tarran
- 1 Spyryx Biosciences, Durham, North Carolina.,3 Marsico Lung Institute and.,4 Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Pharmacological and genetic reappraisals of protease and oxidative stress pathways in a mouse model of obstructive lung diseases. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39305. [PMID: 27982104 PMCID: PMC5159865 DOI: 10.1038/srep39305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Protease-antiprotease imbalance and oxidative stress are considered to be major pathophysiological hallmarks of severe obstructive lung diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cystic fibrosis (CF), but limited information is available on their direct roles in the regulation of pulmonary phenotypes. Here, we utilized βENaC-transgenic (Tg) mice, the previously established mouse model of severe obstructive lung diseases, to produce lower-mortality but pathophysiologically highly useful mouse model by backcrossing the original line with C57/BL6J mice. C57/BL6J-βENaC-Tg mice showed higher survival rates and key pulmonary abnormalities of COPD/CF, including mucous hypersecretion, inflammatory and emphysematous phenotypes and pulmonary dysfunction. DNA microarray analysis confirmed that protease- and oxidative stress-dependent pathways are activated in the lung tissue of C57/BL6J-βENaC-Tg mice. Treatments of C57/BL6J-βENaC-Tg mice with a serine protease inhibitor ONO-3403, a derivative of camostat methylate (CM), but not CM, and with an anti-oxidant N-acetylcystein significantly improved pulmonary emphysema and dysfunction. Moreover, depletion of a murine endogenous antioxidant vitamin C (VC), by genetic disruption of VC-synthesizing enzyme SMP30 in C57/BL6J-βENaC-Tg mice, exaggerated pulmonary phenotypes. Thus, these assessments clarified that protease-antiprotease imbalance and oxidative stress are critical pathways that exacerbate the pulmonary phenotypes of C57/BL6J-βENaC-Tg mice, consistent with the characteristics of human COPD/CF.
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37
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Cystic fibrosis. Respir Care 2016. [DOI: 10.1201/9781315382067-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Beubler E, Fischer R, Untersteiner G, Strohmaier W. Influence of the Surfactant Tyloxapol on Mucociliary Clearance in Human Respiratory Cystic Fibrosis Cells. Pharmacology 2016; 98:1-3. [PMID: 26949944 DOI: 10.1159/000444589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Dehydration of the apical surface of cystic fibrosis (CF) airway epithelia leads to a greatly impaired mucociliary clearance function in CF patients. In an in vitro cell model of human airway epithelia taken from CF patients and cultivated for 60 days, mucociliary clearance was zero. Tyloxapol, a synthetic surfactant, is able to restore the mucociliary clearance of the CF epithelia. The velocity of mucociliary clearance, using polystyrene microbeads as markers, increased within the first minute of tyloxapol treatment from zero to 12 µm/s and reached a maximum of 22 µm/s after 120 min. In conclusion, tyloxapol restores mucociliary clearance in a MucilAir™-CF model and may accordingly be efficient in CF patients to restore mucociliary clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eckhard Beubler
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
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39
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Spielberg DR, Clancy JP. Cystic Fibrosis and Its Management Through Established and Emerging Therapies. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 2016; 17:155-75. [PMID: 26905785 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genom-090314-050024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common life-shortening autosomal recessive disorder in the Caucasian population and occurs in many other ethnicities worldwide. The daily treatment burden is substantial for CF patients even when they are well, with numerous pharmacologic and physical therapies targeting lung disease requiring the greatest time commitment. CF treatments continue to advance with greater understanding of factors influencing long-term morbidity and mortality. In recent years, in-depth understanding of genetic and protein structure-function relationships has led to the introduction of targeted therapies for patients with specific CF genotypes. With these advances, CF has become a model of personalized or precision medicine. The near future will see greater access to targeted therapies for most patients carrying common mutations, which will mandate individualized bench-to-bedside methodologies for those with rare genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Spielberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229; ,
| | - John P Clancy
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229; ,
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40
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Haq IJ, Gray MA, Garnett JP, Ward C, Brodlie M. Airway surface liquid homeostasis in cystic fibrosis: pathophysiology and therapeutic targets. Thorax 2015; 71:284-7. [PMID: 26719229 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a life-limiting disease characterised by recurrent respiratory infections, inflammation and lung damage. The volume and composition of the airway surface liquid (ASL) are important in maintaining ciliary function, mucociliary clearance and antimicrobial properties of the airway. In CF, these homeostatic mechanisms are impaired, leading to a dehydrated and acidic ASL. ASL volume depletion in CF is secondary to defective anion transport by the abnormal cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein (CFTR). Abnormal CFTR mediated bicarbonate transport creates an unfavourable, acidic environment, which impairs antimicrobial function and alters mucus properties and clearance. These disease mechanisms create a disordered airway milieu, consisting of thick mucopurulent secretions and chronic bacterial infection. In addition to CFTR, there are additional ion channels and transporters in the apical airway epithelium that play a role in maintaining ASL homeostasis. These include the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), the solute carrier 26A (SLC26A) family of anion exchangers, and calcium-activated chloride channels. In this review we discuss how the ASL is abnormal in CF and how targeting these alternative channels and transporters could provide an attractive therapeutic strategy to correct the underlying ASL abnormalities evident in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iram J Haq
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Great North Children's Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Michael A Gray
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Bioscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - James P Garnett
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Christopher Ward
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK Institute for Cell and Molecular Bioscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Malcolm Brodlie
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Great North Children's Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Ghosh A, Boucher RC, Tarran R. Airway hydration and COPD. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:3637-52. [PMID: 26068443 PMCID: PMC4567929 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1946-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the prevalent causes of worldwide mortality and encompasses two major clinical phenotypes, i.e., chronic bronchitis (CB) and emphysema. The most common cause of COPD is chronic tobacco inhalation. Research focused on the chronic bronchitic phenotype of COPD has identified several pathological processes that drive disease initiation and progression. For example, the lung's mucociliary clearance (MCC) system performs the critical task of clearing inhaled pathogens and toxic materials from the lung. MCC efficiency is dependent on: (1) the ability of apical plasma membrane ion channels such as the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and the epithelial Na(+) channel (ENaC) to maintain airway hydration; (2) ciliary beating; and (3) appropriate rates of mucin secretion. Each of these components is impaired in CB and likely contributes to the mucus stasis/accumulation seen in CB patients. This review highlights the cellular components responsible for maintaining MCC and how this process is disrupted following tobacco exposure and with CB. We shall also discuss existing therapeutic strategies for the treatment of chronic bronchitis and how components of the MCC can be used as biomarkers for the evaluation of tobacco or tobacco-like-product exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunava Ghosh
- Cystic Fibrosis Center/Marsico Lung Institute and the Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina, 7102 Marsico Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7248, USA
| | - R C Boucher
- Cystic Fibrosis Center/Marsico Lung Institute and the Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina, 7102 Marsico Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7248, USA
| | - Robert Tarran
- Cystic Fibrosis Center/Marsico Lung Institute and the Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina, 7102 Marsico Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7248, USA.
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Mall MA, Galietta LJV. Targeting ion channels in cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2015; 14:561-70. [PMID: 26115565 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene cause a characteristic defect in epithelial ion transport that plays a central role in the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis (CF). Hence, pharmacological correction of this ion transport defect by targeting of mutant CFTR, or alternative ion channels that may compensate for CFTR dysfunction, has long been considered as an attractive approach to a causal therapy of this life-limiting disease. The recent introduction of the CFTR potentiator ivacaftor into the therapy of a subgroup of patients with specific CFTR mutations was a major milestone and enormous stimulus for seeking effective ion transport modulators for all patients with CF. In this review, we discuss recent breakthroughs and setbacks with CFTR modulators designed to rescue mutant CFTR including the common mutation F508del. Further, we examine the alternative chloride channels TMEM16A and SLC26A9, as well as the epithelial sodium channel ENaC as alternative targets in CF lung disease, which remains the major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with CF. Finally, we will focus on the hurdles that still need to be overcome to make effective ion transport modulation therapies available for all patients with CF irrespective of their CFTR genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus A Mall
- Department of Translational Pulmonology, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Pediatric Pulmonology & Allergy and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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43
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Griesenbach U, Alton EW. Recent advances in understanding and managing cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator dysfunction. F1000PRIME REPORTS 2015; 7:64. [PMID: 26097737 PMCID: PMC4447040 DOI: 10.12703/p7-64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis is the most common autosomal recessive genetic disease in Caucasians and has been extensively studied for many decades. The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene was identified in 1989. It encodes a complex protein which has numerous cellular functions. Our understanding of cystic fibrosis pathophysiology and genetics is constantly expanding and being refined, leading to improved management of the disease and increased life expectancy in affected individuals.
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44
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Schultz A, Stick S. Early pulmonary inflammation and lung damage in children with cystic fibrosis. Respirology 2015; 20:569-78. [PMID: 25823858 DOI: 10.1111/resp.12521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) suffer progressive airway inflammation, infection and lung damage. Airway inflammation and infection are present from early in life, often before children are symptomatic. CF gene mutations cause changes in the CF transmembrane regulator protein that result in an aberrant airway microenvironment including airway surface liquid (ASL) dehydration, reduced ASL acidity, altered airway mucin and a dysregulated inflammatory response. This review discusses how an altered microenvironment drives CF lung disease before overt airway infection, the response of the CF airway to early infection, and methods to prevent inflammation and early lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Schultz
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; School of Paediatric and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Philippe R, Antigny F, Buscaglia P, Norez C, Becq F, Frieden M, Mignen O. SERCA and PMCA pumps contribute to the deregulation of Ca2+ homeostasis in human CF epithelial cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1853:892-903. [PMID: 25661196 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) disease is caused by mutations in the CFTR gene (CF transmembrane conductance regulator). F508 deletion is the most represented mutation, and F508del-CFTR is absent of plasma membrane and accumulates into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) compartment. Using specific Ca2+ genetics cameleon probes, we showed in the human bronchial CF epithelial cell line CFBE that ER Ca2+ concentration was strongly increased compared to non-CF (16HBE) cells, and normalized by the F508del-CFTR corrector agent, VX-809. We also showed that ER F508del-CFTR retention increases SERCA (Sarcoplasmic/Reticulum Ca2+ ATPase) pump activity whereas PMCA (Plasma Membrane Ca2+ ATPase) activities were reduced in these CF cells compared to corrected CF cells (VX-809) and non-CF cells. We are showing for the first time CFTR/SERCA and CFTR/PMCA interactions that are modulated in CF cells and could explain part of Ca2+ homeostasis deregulation due to mislocalization of F508del-CFTR. Using ER or mitochondria genetics Ca2+ probes, we are showing that ER Ca2+ content, mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, SERCA and PMCA pump, activities are strongly affected by the localization of F508del-CFTR protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Réginald Philippe
- NSERM U1078, Université Bretagne Occidentale, 22 Avenue Camille Desmoulins, 29200 Brest, France
| | - Fabrice Antigny
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, 1, Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Paul Buscaglia
- NSERM U1078, Université Bretagne Occidentale, 22 Avenue Camille Desmoulins, 29200 Brest, France
| | - Caroline Norez
- Laboratoire Signalisation et Transport Ioniques Membranaires, Université Poitiers-CNRS Pole Biologie Santé, 1 rue George Bonnet, 86073 Poitiers Cedex, France
| | - Frédéric Becq
- Laboratoire Signalisation et Transport Ioniques Membranaires, Université Poitiers-CNRS Pole Biologie Santé, 1 rue George Bonnet, 86073 Poitiers Cedex, France
| | - Maud Frieden
- Cell Physiology and Metabolism University of Geneva Medical School, 1, Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Mignen
- NSERM U1078, Université Bretagne Occidentale, 22 Avenue Camille Desmoulins, 29200 Brest, France.
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Bell SC, De Boeck K, Amaral MD. New pharmacological approaches for cystic fibrosis: Promises, progress, pitfalls. Pharmacol Ther 2015; 145:19-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Lavallée-Adam M, Rauniyar N, McClatchy DB, Yates JR. PSEA-Quant: a protein set enrichment analysis on label-free and label-based protein quantification data. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:5496-509. [PMID: 25177766 PMCID: PMC4258137 DOI: 10.1021/pr500473n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The majority of large-scale proteomics quantification methods yield long lists of quantified proteins that are often difficult to interpret and poorly reproduced. Computational approaches are required to analyze such intricate quantitative proteomics data sets. We propose a statistical approach to computationally identify protein sets (e.g., Gene Ontology (GO) terms) that are significantly enriched with abundant proteins with reproducible quantification measurements across a set of replicates. To this end, we developed PSEA-Quant, a protein set enrichment analysis algorithm for label-free and label-based protein quantification data sets. It offers an alternative approach to classic GO analyses, models protein annotation biases, and allows the analysis of samples originating from a single condition, unlike analogous approaches such as GSEA and PSEA. We demonstrate that PSEA-Quant produces results complementary to GO analyses. We also show that PSEA-Quant provides valuable information about the biological processes involved in cystic fibrosis using label-free protein quantification of a cell line expressing a CFTR mutant. Finally, PSEA-Quant highlights the differences in the mechanisms taking place in the human, rat, and mouse brain frontal cortices based on tandem mass tag quantification. Our approach, which is available online, will thus improve the analysis of proteomics quantification data sets by providing meaningful biological insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Lavallée-Adam
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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Bermbach S, Weinhold K, Roeder T, Petersen F, Kugler C, Goldmann T, Rupp J, König P. Mechanisms of cilia-driven transport in the airways in the absence of mucus. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014; 51:56-67. [PMID: 24467665 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2012-0530oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway mucus is thought to be required for the clearance of inhaled particles by mucociliary transport, but this view has recently been challenged. To test if mucus is necessary for cilia-driven particle transport, we removed mucus from murine and human ex vivo airway preparations by thorough rinsing with buffer with or without additional dithiothreitol washing. The transport of particles with diameters of 4.5 μm, 200 nm, and 40 nm and of bacteria was analyzed by video microscopy. Complete removal of mucus was verified by wheat germ agglutinin staining and by scanning electron microscopy. In the absence of mucus, we observed efficient transport of particles and bacteria by direct cilia-mediated propulsion or via fluid flow generated by ciliary beating. Virus-sized particles had the tendency to attach to cilia. Because direct contact of particles with ciliated cells occurs in the absence of mucus, we examined if this direct interaction changes epithelial function. Neither bacteria- nor LPS-induced nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 in ciliated cells occurred, indicating that mere contact between ciliated cells and bacteria during transport does not activate the epithelium. Attachment of virus-sized particles to cilia could induce mucus release and/or increase the ciliary beat frequency. Our results indicate that cilia-driven transport of particles with various sizes is possible in murine and human airways without the presence of mucus. If mucus-free transport fails, the epithelium can react by releasing mucus or increasing the ciliary beat frequency to maintain particle transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Bermbach
- 1 Institut für Anatomie, Zentrum für medizinische Struktur- und Zellbiologie, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany
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Zhang Z, Chen J, He Y, Zhan X, Zhao R, Huang Y, Xu H, Zhu Z, Liu Q. miR-125b inhibits hepatitis B virus expression in vitro through targeting of the SCNN1A gene. Arch Virol 2014; 159:3335-43. [PMID: 25173609 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-014-2208-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that modulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level, playing an important role in many diseases. However, reports concerning the role of miRNA in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection are limited. miRNA chips were used to investigate miRNA changes during HBV infection in vitro. Bioinformatics analysis was used to explore possible miRNA and target genes during HBV infection. The expression of miR-125b and its potential target gene, sodium channel, non-voltage-gated 1 alpha (SCNN1A), was further analyzed. A total of 136 miRNAs were analyzed in an HBV transient transfection model (HepG2-HBV1.3), and 78 miRNAs were differentially expressed in HepG2.2.15 cells compared with HepG2 cells. miR-125b expression was decreased in both HepG2-HBV1.3 and HepG2.2.15 cells, and ectopic expression of miR-125b inhibited HBV DNA intermediates and secretion of HBsAg and HBeAg. miR-125b also inhibited the mRNA and protein levels of SCNN1A. Using a dual luciferase reporter system, we found that SCNN1A was one of the targets of miR-125b. In this study, we found that miR-125b inhibits HBV expression in vitro by regulating SCNN1A expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No 136 ZhongShan Er Road, 400012, Chongqing, China,
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Locke LW, Myerburg MM, Markovetz MR, Parker RS, Weber L, Czachowski MR, Harding TJ, Brown SL, Nero JA, Pilewski JM, Corcoran TE. Quantitative imaging of airway liquid absorption in cystic fibrosis. Eur Respir J 2014; 44:675-84. [PMID: 24743971 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00220513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
New measures are needed to rapidly assess emerging treatments for cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease. Using an imaging approach, we evaluated the absorptive clearance of the radiolabeled small molecule probe diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA) as an in vivo indicator of changes in airway liquid absorption. DTPA absorption and mucociliary clearance rates were measured in 21 patients with CF (12 adults and nine children) and nine adult controls using nuclear imaging. The effect of hypertonic saline on DTPA absorption was also studied. In addition, in vitro studies were conducted to identify the determinants of transepithelial DTPA absorption. CF patients had significantly increased rates of DTPA absorption compared with control subjects but had similar mucociliary clearance rates. Treatment with hypertonic saline resulted in a decrease in DTPA absorption and an increase in mucociliary clearance in 11 out of 11 adult CF patients compared with treatment with isotonic saline. In vitro studies revealed that ∼ 50% of DTPA absorption can be attributed to transepithelial fluid transport. Apically applied mucus impedes liquid and DTPA absorption. However, mucus effects become negligible in the presence of an osmotic stimulus. Functional imaging of DTPA absorption provides a quantifiable marker of immediate response to treatments that promote airway surface liquid hydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Landon W Locke
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael M Myerburg
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Robert S Parker
- Dept of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lawrence Weber
- Dept of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael R Czachowski
- Dept of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Thomas J Harding
- Dept of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stefanie L Brown
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Joseph A Nero
- Dept of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Joseph M Pilewski
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Dept of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Timothy E Corcoran
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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