1
|
Ito A, Shime N, Fujishima S, Fujitani S, Komiya K, Schuetz P. An algorithm for PCT-guided antimicrobial therapy: a consensus statement by Japanese experts. Clin Chem Lab Med 2023; 61:407-411. [PMID: 36453810 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2022-1048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
In Japan, a national antimicrobial resistance (AMR) action plan was adopted in 2016, advocating a 20% reduction in antibiotic consumption by 2020. However, there is still room for improvement to accomplish this goal. Many randomized controlled trials have reported that procalcitonin (PCT)-guided antimicrobial therapy could help to reduce antibiotic consumption without negative health effects, specifically in acute respiratory infections. In September 2018, some experts in Europe and the USA proposed algorithms for PCT-guided antimicrobial therapy in mild to moderate infection cases outside the ICU and severe cases in the ICU (the international experts consensus). Thereafter, a group of Japanese experts, including specialists in intensive care medicine, emergency medicine, respiratory medicine and infectious diseases, created a modified version of a PCT-guided algorithm (Japanese experts consensus). This modified algorithm was adapted to better fit Japanese medical circumstances, since PCT-guided therapy is not widely used in daily clinical practice in Japan. The Japanese algorithm has three specific characteristics. First, the target patients are limited to only hospitalized ICU or non-ICU patients. Second, pneumonia due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Legionella species are excluded. Finally, a different timing of PCT follow-up measurement was proposed to meet restrictions of the Japanese medical insurance system. The adapted algorithms has high potential to further improve the safe reduction in antibiotic consumption in Japan, while reducing the spread of AMR pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Ito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ohara Healthcare Foundation, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Shime
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Seitaro Fujishima
- Center for General Medicine Education, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeki Fujitani
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Critical Care Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kosaku Komiya
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Philipp Schuetz
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Aarau, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gao CA, Morales-Nebreda L, Pickens CI. Gearing up for battle: Harnessing adaptive T cell immunity against gram-negative pneumonia. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:934671. [PMID: 36061870 PMCID: PMC9433749 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.934671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumonia is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide and Gram-negative bacteria are a major cause of severe pneumonia. Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, the rise of multidrug-resistant organisms and hypervirulent strains demonstrates that there will continue to be challenges with traditional treatment strategies using antibiotics. Hence, an alternative approach is to focus on the disease tolerance components that mediate immune resistance and enhance tissue resilience. Adaptive immunity plays a pivotal role in modulating these processes, thus affecting the incidence and severity of pneumonia. In this review, we focus on the adaptive T cell responses to pneumonia induced by Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii. We highlight key factors in these responses that have potential for therapeutic targeting, as well as the gaps in current knowledge to be focused on in future work.
Collapse
|
3
|
Esmaeilzadeh F, Mahmoodi S. A Novel Design of Multi-epitope Peptide Vaccine Against Pseudomonas
aeruginosa. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180818666211013110345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
As an opportunistic pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes many different
hazardous infections. The high mortality rate resulting from infection with this antibiotic-resistant pathogen
has made it a major challenge in clinical treatment; it has been listed as the most harmful bacterium to
humans by the WHO. So far, no vaccine has been approved for P. aeruginosa.
Objective:
Infections performed by bacterial attachment and colonization with type IV pili (T4P), known
as the most essential adhesive vital for adhesion, while pilQ is necessary for the biogenesis of T4P, also
outer membrane proteins of a pathogen is also effective in stimulating the immune system; in this regard,
pilQ, OprF, and OprI, are excellent candidate antigens for production of an effective vaccine against P.
aeruginosa.
Methods:
In this research, various bioinformatics methods were employed in order to design a new multiepitope
peptide vaccine versus P. aeruginosa. Since T CD4+ cell immunity is important in eradicating P.
aeruginosa, OprF, OprI, and pilQ antigens were analyzed to determine Helper T cell Lymphocyte (HTL)
epitopes by many different immunoinformatics servers. One of the receptor agonists 2 (TLR2), a segment
of the Por B protein from Neisseria meningitides was used as an adjuvant in order to stimulate an effective
cellular immune response, and suitable linkers were used to connect all the above mentioned parts. In
the vaccine construct, linear B cell epitopes were also identified.
Results:
Conforming the bioinformatics forecasts, the designed vaccine possesses high antigenicity and is
not allergen.
Conclusion:
In this regard, the designed vaccine candidate is strongly believed to possess the potential of
inducing cellular and humoral immunity against P. aeruginosa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shirin Mahmoodi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology,
School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Fars, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dzik M, Aebisher D, Olender A, Tabarkiewicz J. Evaluation of Selected Parameters of the Specific Immune Response against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains. Cells 2021; 11:cells11010003. [PMID: 35011563 PMCID: PMC8750466 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains could be influenced by differences in antibiotic resistance and virulence. At the present time, it is unclear which type of immune responses enables uncontrolled invasion of opportunistic pathogens. The conditional pathogenicity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa served as an inspiration to begin a study on this bacterium. The aim of this study was to gain insight into selected parameters describing immune responses with regards to the adaptable agents of this pathogen. For the analysis of the specific immune response, the potential of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to stimulate lymphocytes, including Th17 lymphocytes, dendritic cells and other components of the adaptive immune response, was examined. The highest percentage of CD83+CD1a-HLA-DR++ cells was found after stimulation with lysates of strains isolated from the patients with severe systemic infection. We found statistically significant differences in percentages of HLA-DR+ PBMCs and MFI of HLA-DR between groups of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from the patients with different clinical courses of infection. Our results suggest that the clinical course and outcomes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections are not associated with impairment of the specific immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michał Dzik
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-095 Lublin, Poland;
- Institut Asclépiade, 10410 Saint-Parres-aux-Tertres, France
| | - David Aebisher
- Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszów University, University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Alina Olender
- Chair and Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-095 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Jacek Tabarkiewicz
- Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszów University, University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland;
- Department of Human Immunology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszów University, University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-851-68-08
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kylat RI. Pseudomonas aeruginosa necrotizing bronchopneumonia. Autops Case Rep 2021; 11:e2021271. [PMID: 34307227 PMCID: PMC8214876 DOI: 10.4322/acr.2021.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants are at particularly high risk for infection due to an immature immune system, invasive procedures such as endotracheal intubation, intravascular catheterization, and other factors. Neonatal infections in this population are associated with a high mortality, poor growth, and neurodevelopmental outcomes. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) infection is an uncommon but potentially devastating cause of pneumonia and sepsis in the ELBW population. P. aeruginosa is an important cause of healthcare-associated infections (HAI) or nosocomial infections. P. aeruginosa can perceive unfavorable environmental changes and orchestrate adaptations by developing plasmid-mediated and adaptive resistance to antibiotics. We describe an ELBW infant born at 26 weeks’ gestation who succumbed at 13 days of life to P. aeruginosa infection. Some of the factors related to the pathogenesis and multidrug resistance are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjit I Kylat
- University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhou L, Hao Q, Sugita S, Naito Y, He H, Yeh CC, Lee JW. Role of CD44 in increasing the potency of mesenchymal stem cell extracellular vesicles by hyaluronic acid in severe pneumonia. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:293. [PMID: 34016170 PMCID: PMC8136222 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02329-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although promising, clinical translation of human mesenchymal stem or stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC EV) for acute lung injury is potentially limited by significant production costs. The current study was performed to determine whether pretreatment of MSC EV with high molecular weight hyaluronic acid (HMW HA) would increase the therapeutic potency of MSC EV in severe bacterial pneumonia. Methods In vitro experiments were performed to determine the binding affinity of HMW HA to MSC EV and its uptake by human monocytes, and whether HMW HA primed MSC EV would increase bacterial phagocytosis by the monocytes. In addition, the role of CD44 receptor on MSC EV in the therapeutic effects of HMW HA primed MSC EV were investigated. In Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) pneumonia in mice, MSC EV primed with or without HMW HA were instilled intravenously 4 h after injury. After 24 h, the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, blood, and lungs were analyzed for levels of bacteria, inflammation, MSC EV trafficking, and lung pathology. Results MSC EV bound preferentially to HMW HA at a molecular weight of 1.0 MDa compared with HA with a molecular weight of 40 KDa or 1.5 MDa. HMW HA primed MSC EV further increased MSC EV uptake and bacterial phagocytosis by monocytes compared to treatment with MSC EV alone. In PA pneumonia in mice, instillation of HMW HA primed MSC EV further reduced inflammation and decreased the bacterial load by enhancing the trafficking of MSC EV to the injured alveolus. CD44 siRNA pretreatment of MSC EV prior to incubation with HMW HA eliminated its trafficking to the alveolus and therapeutic effects. Conclusions HMW HA primed MSC EV significantly increased the potency of MSC EV in PA pneumonia in part by enhancing the trafficking of MSC EV to the sites of inflammation via the CD44 receptor on MSC EV which was associated with increased antimicrobial activity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02329-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave., Box 0648, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Qi Hao
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave., Box 0648, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shinji Sugita
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave., Box 0648, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yoshifumi Naito
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave., Box 0648, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hongli He
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave., Box 0648, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Che-Chung Yeh
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave., Box 0648, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jae-Woo Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave., Box 0648, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mojsoska B, Ghoul M, Perron GG, Jenssen H, Alatraktchi FA. Changes in toxin production of environmental Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates exposed to sub-inhibitory concentrations of three common antibiotics. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248014. [PMID: 33662048 PMCID: PMC7932067 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an environmental pathogen that can cause severe infections in immunocompromised patients. P. aeruginosa infections are typically treated with multiple antibiotics including tobramycin, ciprofloxacin, and meropenem. However, antibiotics do not always entirely clear the bacteria from the infection site, where they may remain virulent. This is because the effective antibiotic concentration and diffusion in vitro may differ from the in vivo environment in patients. Therefore, it is important to understand the effect of non-lethal sub-inhibitory antibiotic concentrations on bacterial phenotype. Here, we investigate if sub-inhibitory antimicrobial concentrations cause alterations in bacterial virulence factor production using pyocyanin as a model toxin. We tested this using the aforementioned antibiotics on 10 environmental P. aeruginosa strains. Using on-the-spot electrochemical screening, we were able to directly quantify changes in production of pyocyanin in a measurement time of 17 seconds. Upon selecting 3 representative strains to further test the effects of sub-minimum inhibitory concentration (MICs), we found that pyocyanin production changed significantly when the bacteria were exposed to 10-fold MIC of the 3 antibiotics tested, and this was strain specific. A series of biologically relevant measured pyocyanin concentrations were also used to assess the effects of increased virulence on a culture of epithelial cells. We found a decreased viability of the epithelial cells when incubated with biologically relevant pyocyanin concentrations. This suggests that the antibiotic-induced virulence also is a value worth being enclosed in regular testing of pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biljana Mojsoska
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
- PreDiagnose, Karlslunde, Denmark
| | - Melanie Ghoul
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriel G. Perron
- Department of Biology, Bard College, Annandale-On-Hudson, NY, United States of America
| | - Håvard Jenssen
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang Y, Cheng X, Wan C, Wei J, Gao C, Zhang Y, Zeng H, Peng L, Luo P, Lu D, Zou Q, Gu J. Development of a Chimeric Vaccine Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Based on the Th17-Stimulating Epitopes of PcrV and AmpC. Front Immunol 2021; 11:601601. [PMID: 33552056 PMCID: PMC7859429 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.601601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) has created an urgent need for an efficient vaccine, but the protection induced by current candidates is limited, partially because of the high variability of the PA genome. Antigens targeting pulmonary Th17 responses are able to provide antibody-independent and broad-spectrum protection; however, little information about Th17-stimulating antigens in PA is available. Herein, we identified two novel PA antigens that effectively induce Th17-dependent protection, namely, PcrV (PA1706) and AmpC (PA4110). Compared to intramuscular immunization, intranasal immunization enhanced the protection of rePcrV due to activation of a Th17 response. The Th17-stimulating epitopes of PcrV and AmpC were identified, and the recombinant protein PVAC was designed and generated by combining these Th17-stimulating epitopes. PVAC was successfully produced in soluble form and elicited broad protective immunity against PA. Our results provide an alternative strategy for the development of Th17-based vaccines against PA and other pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Cheng
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chuang Wan
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinning Wei
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chen Gao
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Zeng
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liusheng Peng
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Luo
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongshui Lu
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Quanming Zou
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiang Gu
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hernandez A, Patil NK, Bohannon JK. A Murine Model of Full-Thickness Scald Burn Injury with Subsequent Wound and Systemic Bacterial Infection. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2321:111-120. [PMID: 34048011 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1488-4_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Infection is the leading cause of death and prolonged hospitalization in severely burned patients that survive the acute phase of injury. Here we describe a murine model of severe burn injury followed by subsequent postburn infection, both local and systemic, that leads to sepsis. A detailed description of the full-thickness scald burn procedure is provided, followed by description of infection with two common burn-associated nosocomial pathogens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Hernandez
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Naeem K Patil
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Julia K Bohannon
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA. .,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Sepsis mortality has improved following advancements in early recognition and standardized management, including emphasis on early administration of appropriate antimicrobials. However, guidance regarding antimicrobial duration in sepsis is surprisingly limited. Decreased antibiotic exposure is associated with lower rates of de novo resistance development, Clostridioides difficile-associated disease, antibiotic-related toxicities, and health care costs. Consequently, data weighing safety versus adequacy of shorter treatment durations in sepsis would be beneficial. We provide a narrative review of evidence to guide antibiotic duration in sepsis. Evidence is significantly limited by noninferiority trial designs and exclusion of critically ill patients in many trials. Potential challenges to shorter antimicrobial duration in sepsis include inadequate source control, treatment of multidrug-resistant organisms, and pharmacokinetic alterations that predispose to inadequate antimicrobial levels. Additional studies specifically targeting patients with clinical indicators of sepsis are needed to guide measures to safely reduce antimicrobial exposure in this high-risk population while preserving clinical effectiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M Busch
- Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sameer S Kadri
- Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mataraci Kara E, Yilmaz M, İstanbullu Tosun A, Özbek Çelik B. Synergistic activities of ceftazidime-avibactam in combination with different antibiotics against colistin-nonsusceptible clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Infect Dis (Lond) 2020; 52:616-624. [PMID: 32427010 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2020.1767803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: This study aims to analyse the effect of ceftazidime-avibactam plus various antibiotics against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from Intensive Care Units.Methods: 40 non-duplicate P. aeruginosa isolates were screened for their MICs of ceftazidime, ceftazidime-avibactam, colistin, levofloxacin, doripenem and tobramycin. MICs were determined by the broth microdilution method. The in vitro bactericidal activities of ceftazidime-avibactam compared to studied antibiotics were also determined by time-kill curve assays both at 1xMIC and at 4xMIC against carbapenemase-producing or -not producing six colistin-nonsusceptible MDR clinical strains of P. aeruginosa. Additionally, synergistic interactions were investigated by the time-kill curve assay.Results: The MIC90 values for ceftazidime, ceftazidime-avibactam, colistin, levofloxacin, doripenem and tobramycin against MDR P. aeruginosa isolates were found to be >256, 64, 8, 64, 128, and >256 mg/L, respectively. The minimum bactericidal concentration90 values for those antibiotics were also >256, 64, 16, 128, 256, and >256 mg/L, respectively. While doripenem, tobramycin and levofloxacin were bactericidal (>3 log10 killing) against the 2/6, 3/6 and 1/6 P. aeruginosa isolates at 4xMIC concentrations, respectively, levofloxacin and tobramycin were bactericidal against only one isolate (1/6) at 1xMIC concentrations at 24 h. The synergistic interactions of these antimicrobial agents were also achieved with ceftazidime/avibactam + colistin (4/6), ceftazidime/avibactam + tobramycin (3/6), and ceftazidime/avibactam + levofloxacin (3/6) combinations. No antagonism was observed against studied P. aeruginosa strains.Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that ceftazidime/avibactam with colistin, or tobramycin, were effective against colistin-nonsusceptible strains. This combination therapy could be an alternative antibiotic therapy for resistant P. aeruginosa strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emel Mataraci Kara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mesut Yilmaz
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşe İstanbullu Tosun
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Berna Özbek Çelik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Morello E, Pérez-Berezo T, Boisseau C, Baranek T, Guillon A, Bréa D, Lanotte P, Carpena X, Pietrancosta N, Hervé V, Ramphal R, Cenac N, Si-Tahar M. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Lipoxygenase LoxA Contributes to Lung Infection by Altering the Host Immune Lipid Signaling. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1826. [PMID: 31474948 PMCID: PMC6702342 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic bacteria and a major cause of nosocomial pneumonia. P. aeruginosa has many virulence factors contributing to its ability to colonize the host. LoxA is a lipoxygenase enzyme secreted by P. aeruginosa that oxidizes polyunsaturated fatty acids. Based on previous in vitro biochemical studies, several biological roles of LoxA have been hypothesized, including interference of the host lipid signaling, and modulation of bacterial invasion properties. However, the contribution of LoxA to P. aeruginosa lung pathogenesis per se remained unclear. In this study, we used complementary in vitro and in vivo approaches, clinical strains of P. aeruginosa as well as lipidomics technology to investigate the role of LoxA in lung infection. We found that several P. aeruginosa clinical isolates express LoxA. When secreted in the lungs, LoxA processes a wide range of host polyunsaturated fatty acids, which further results in the production of bioactive lipid mediators (including lipoxin A4). LoxA also inhibits the expression of major chemokines (e.g., MIPs and KC) and the recruitment of key leukocytes. Remarkably, LoxA promotes P. aeruginosa persistence in lungs tissues. Hence, our study suggests that LoxA-dependent interference of the host lipid pathways may contribute to P. aeruginosa lung pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Morello
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR 1100, Tours, France.,Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Teresa Pérez-Berezo
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Chloé Boisseau
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR 1100, Tours, France.,Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Thomas Baranek
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR 1100, Tours, France.,Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Antoine Guillon
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR 1100, Tours, France.,Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Déborah Bréa
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR 1100, Tours, France.,Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Philippe Lanotte
- CHRU de Tours, Service de Bactériologie-Virologie, Tours, France.,Université de Tours, UMR1282 ISP, Faculté de Médecine, Equipe Bactéries et Risque Materno-Foetal, Tours, France
| | - Xavier Carpena
- Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,XALOC Beamline, ALBA Synchrotron, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Nicolas Pietrancosta
- Plateau 2MI, CNRS UMR8601, Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, Centre Universitaire des Saints-Pères, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Virginie Hervé
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR 1100, Tours, France.,Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Reuben Ramphal
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR 1100, Tours, France.,Université de Tours, Tours, France.,Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Nicolas Cenac
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Mustapha Si-Tahar
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR 1100, Tours, France.,Université de Tours, Tours, France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Reinventing the wheel: Impact of prolonged antibiotic exposure on multidrug-resistant ventilator-associated pneumonia in trauma patients. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2019; 85:256-262. [PMID: 29664891 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000001936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains of both Acinetobacter baumannii (AB) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) as causative ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) pathogens are becoming increasingly common. Still, the risk factors associated with this increased resistance have yet to be elucidated. The purpose of this study was to examine the changing sensitivity patterns of these pathogens over time and determine which risk factors predict MDR in trauma patients with VAP. METHODS Patients with either AB or PA VAP over 10 years were stratified by pathogen sensitivity (sensitive [SEN] and MDR), age, severity of shock, and injury severity. Prophylactic and empiric antibiotic days, risk factors for severe VAP, and mortality were compared. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine which risk factors were independent predictors of MDR. RESULTS Three hundred ninety-seven patients were identified with AB or PA VAP. There were 173 episodes of AB (91 SEN and 82 MDR) and 224 episodes of PA (170 SEN and 54 MDR). The incidence of MDR VAP did not change over the study (p = 0.633). Groups were clinically similar with the exception of 24-hour transfusions (14 vs. 19 units, p = 0.009) and extremity Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) score (1 vs. 3, p < 0.001), both significantly increased in the MDR group. Antibiotic exposure as well as multiple episodes of inadequate empiric antibiotic therapy (mIEAT) (63% vs. 81%, p < 0.001) were significantly increased in the MDR group. Multivariable logistic regression identified prophylactic antibiotic days (odds ratio, 23.1; 95% confidence interval, 16.7-28, p < 0.001) and mIEAT (odds ratio, 18.1; 95% confidence interval, 12.2-26.1, p = 0.001) as independent predictors of MDR after adjusting for severity of shock, injury severity, severity of VAP, and antibiotic exposure. CONCLUSION Prolonged exposure to unnecessary antibiotics remains one of the strongest predictors for the development of antibiotic resistance. Multivariable logistic regression identified prophylactic antibiotic days and mIEAT an independent risk factors for MDR VAP. Thus, limiting prophylactic antibiotic days is the only potentially modifiable risk factor for the development of MDR VAP in trauma patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV Therapeutic; level III Prognostic.
Collapse
|
14
|
Flockton TR, Schnorbus L, Araujo A, Adams J, Hammel M, Perez LJ. Inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Formation with Surface Modified Polymeric Nanoparticles. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8020055. [PMID: 31022836 PMCID: PMC6631850 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8020055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The gram-negative bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa represents a prominent clinical concern. Due to the observed high levels of antibiotic resistance, copious biofilm formation, and wide array of virulence factors produced by these bacteria, new treatment technologies are required. Here, we present the development of a series of P. aeruginosa LecA-targeted polymeric nanoparticles and demonstrate the anti-adhesion and biofilm inhibitory properties of these constructs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler R Flockton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
| | - Logan Schnorbus
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
| | - Agustin Araujo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
| | - Jill Adams
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
| | - Maryjane Hammel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
| | - Lark J Perez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Liang X, Gupta K, Quintero JR, Cernadas M, Kobzik L, Christou H, Pier GB, Owen CA, Çataltepe S. Macrophage FABP4 is required for neutrophil recruitment and bacterial clearance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. FASEB J 2019; 33:3562-3574. [PMID: 30462529 PMCID: PMC6988858 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802002r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), an intracellular lipid chaperone and adipokine, is expressed by lung macrophages, but the function of macrophage-FABP4 remains elusive. We investigated the role of FABP4 in host defense in a murine model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. Compared with wild-type (WT) mice, FABP4-deficient (FABP4-/-) mice exhibited decreased bacterial clearance and increased mortality when challenged intranasally with P. aeruginosa. These findings in FABP4-/- mice were associated with a delayed neutrophil recruitment into the lungs and were followed by greater acute lung injury and inflammation. Among leukocytes, only macrophages expressed FABP4 in WT mice with P. aeruginosa pneumonia. Chimeric FABP4-/- mice with WT bone marrow were protected from increased mortality seen in chimeric WT mice with FABP4-/- bone marrow during P. aeruginosa pneumonia, thus confirming the role of macrophages as the main source of protective FABP4 against that infection. There was less production of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) in FABP4-/- alveolar macrophages and lower airway CXCL1 levels in FABP4-/- mice. Delivering recombinant CXCL1 to the airways protected FABP4-/- mice from increased susceptibility to P. aeruginosa pneumonia. Thus, macrophage-FABP4 has a novel role in pulmonary host defense against P. aeruginosa infection by facilitating crosstalk between macrophages and neutrophils via regulation of macrophage CXCL1 production.-Liang, X., Gupta, K., Rojas Quintero, J., Cernadas, M., Kobzik, L., Christou, H., Pier, G. B., Owen, C. A., Çataltepe, S. Macrophage FABP4 is required for neutrophil recruitment and bacterial clearance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Liang
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kushagra Gupta
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joselyn Rojas Quintero
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Manuela Cernadas
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lester Kobzik
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Helen Christou
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gerald B. Pier
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; and
| | - Caroline A. Owen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- The Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Sule Çataltepe
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zinne N, Krueger M, Hoeltig D, Tuemmler B, Boyle EC, Biancosino C, Hoeffler K, Braubach P, Rajab TK, Ciubotaru A, Rohde J, Waldmann KH, Haverich A. Treatment of infected lungs by ex vivo perfusion with high dose antibiotics and autotransplantation: A pilot study in pigs. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193168. [PMID: 29505574 PMCID: PMC5837087 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of multi-drug resistant bacteria threatens to end the era of antibiotics. Drug resistant bacteria have evolved mechanisms to overcome antibiotics at therapeutic doses and further dose increases are not possible due to systemic toxicity. Here we present a pilot study of ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) with high dose antibiotic therapy followed by autotransplantation as a new therapy of last resort for otherwise incurable multidrug resistant lung infections. Severe Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia was induced in the lower left lungs (LLL) of 18 Mini-Lewe pigs. Animals in the control group (n = 6) did not receive colistin. Animals in the conventional treatment group (n = 6) received intravenous application of 2 mg/kg body weight colistin daily. Animals in the EVLP group (n = 6) had their LLL explanted and perfused ex vivo with a perfusion solution containing 200 μg/ml colistin. After two hours of ex vivo treatment, autotransplantation of the LLL was performed. All animals were followed for 4 days following the initiation of treatment. In the control and conventional treatment groups, the infection-related mortality rate after five days was 66.7%. In the EVLP group, there was one infection-related mortality and one procedure-related mortality, for an overall mortality rate of 33.3%. Moreover, the clinical symptoms of infection were less severe in the EVLP group than the other groups. Ex vivo lung perfusion with very high dose antibiotics presents a new therapeutic option of last resort for otherwise incurable multidrug resistant pneumonia without toxic side effects on other organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norman Zinne
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation, and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Marcus Krueger
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation, and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Doris Hoeltig
- Clinic for Swine, Small Ruminants, Forensic Medicine, and Ambulatory Service, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Burkhard Tuemmler
- Clinic for Paediatric Pneumology, Allergology, and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Erin C. Boyle
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation, and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Christian Biancosino
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation, and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Klaus Hoeffler
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation, and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Peter Braubach
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
- Institute for Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Taufiek K. Rajab
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Anatol Ciubotaru
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation, and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Judith Rohde
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Waldmann
- Clinic for Swine, Small Ruminants, Forensic Medicine, and Ambulatory Service, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Axel Haverich
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation, and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Protective Efficacy of the Trivalent Pseudomonas aeruginosa Vaccine Candidate PcrV-OprI-Hcp1 in Murine Pneumonia and Burn Models. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28638106 PMCID: PMC5479855 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04029-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a formidable pathogen that is responsible for a diverse spectrum of human infectious diseases, resulting in considerable annual mortality rates. Because of biofilm formation and its ability of rapidly acquires of resistance to many antibiotics, P. aeruginosa related infections are difficult to treat, and therefore, developing an effective vaccine is the most promising method for combating infection. In the present study, we designed a novel trivalent vaccine, PcrV28-294-OprI25-83-Hcp11-162 (POH), and evaluated its protective efficacy in murine pneumonia and burn models. POH existed as a dimer in solution, it induced better protection efficacy in P. aeruginosa lethal pneumonia and murine burn models than single components alone when formulated with Al(OH)3 adjuvant, and it showed broad immune protection against several clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa. Immunization with POH induced strong immune responses and resulted in reduced bacterial loads, decreased pathology, inflammatory cytokine expression and inflammatory cell infiltration. Furthermore, in vitro opsonophagocytic killing assay and passive immunization studies indicated that the protective efficacy mediated by POH vaccination was largely attributed to POH-specific antibodies. Taken together, these data provided evidence that POH is a potentially promising vaccine candidate for combating P. aeruginosa infection in pneumonia and burn infections.
Collapse
|
18
|
Hamaoka S, Naito Y, Katoh H, Shimizu M, Kinoshita M, Akiyama K, Kainuma A, Moriyama K, Ishii KJ, Sawa T. Efficacy comparison of adjuvants in PcrV vaccine against Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. Microbiol Immunol 2017; 61:64-74. [PMID: 28370521 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination against the type III secretion system of P. aeruginosa is a potential prophylactic strategy for reducing the incidence and improving the poor prognosis of P. aeruginosa pneumonia. In this study, the efficacies of three different adjuvants, Freund's adjuvant (FA), aluminum hydroxide (alum) and CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN), were examined from the viewpoint of inducing PcrV-specific immunity against virulent P. aeruginosa. Mice that had been immunized intraperitoneally with recombinant PcrV formulated with one of the above adjuvants were challenged intratracheally with a lethal dose of P. aeruginosa. The PcrV-FA immunized group attained a survival rate of 91%, whereas the survival rates of the PcrV-alum and PcrV-CpG groups were 73% and 64%, respectively. In terms of hypothermia recovery after bacterial instillation, PcrV-alum was the most protective, followed by PcrV-FA and PcrV-CpG. The lung edema index was lower in the PcrV-CpG vaccination group than in the other groups. PcrV-alum immunization was associated with the greatest decrease in myeloperoxidase in infected lungs, and also decreased the number of lung bacteria to a similar number as in the PcrV-FA group. There was less neutrophil recruitment in the lungs of mice vaccinated with PcrV-alum or PcrV-CpG than in those of mice vaccinated with PcrV-FA or PcrV alone. Overall, in terms of mouse survival the PcrV-CpG vaccine, which could be a relatively safe next-generation vaccine, showed a comparable effect to the PcrV-alum vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saeko Hamaoka
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Naito
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hideya Katoh
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Masaru Shimizu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Mao Kinoshita
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Koichi Akiyama
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kainuma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Moriyama
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Kyorin University, Mitaka 181-8611, Japan
| | - Ken J Ishii
- Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan.,Laboratory of Vaccine Science, Immunology Frontier Research Center, World Premier International Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Teiji Sawa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Antimicrobial combination treatment including ciprofloxacin decreased the mortality rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteraemia: a retrospective cohort study. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2017; 36:1187-1196. [PMID: 28110415 PMCID: PMC5495847 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-017-2907-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Ineffective antimicrobial therapy of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteraemia increases mortality. Recent studies have proposed the use of antimicrobial combination therapy composed of a beta-lactam with either ciprofloxacin or tobramycin. To determine if combination therapy correlates to lower mortality and is superior compared to monotherapy, we investigated the effect of antimicrobial treatment regimens on 30-day mortality in a cohort with Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteraemia. All cases of P. aeruginosa bacteraemia (n = 292) in southwest Skåne County, Sweden (years 2005-2010, adult population 361,112) and the whole county (2011-2012, 966,130) were identified. Available medical and microbiological records for persons aged 18 years or more were reviewed (n = 235). Antimicrobial therapy was defined as empiric at admission or definitive after culture results and was correlated to 30-day mortality in a multivariate regression model. The incidence and mortality rates were 8.0 per 100,000 adults and 22.9% (67/292), respectively. As expected, multiple comorbidities and high age were associated with mortality. Adequate empiric or definitive antipseudomonal treatment was associated with lower mortality than other antimicrobial alternatives (empiric p = 0.02, adj. p = 0.03; definitive p < 0.001, adj. p = 0.007). No difference in mortality was seen between empiric antipseudomonal monotherapy or empiric combination therapy. However, definitive combination therapy including ciprofloxacin correlated to lower mortality than monotherapy (p = 0.006, adj. p = 0.003), whereas combinations including tobramycin did not. Our results underline the importance of adequate antipseudomonal treatment. These data also suggest that P. aeruginosa bacteraemia should be treated with an antimicrobial combination including ciprofloxacin when susceptible.
Collapse
|
20
|
Dosunmu EF, Chaudhari AA, Bawage S, Bakeer MK, Owen DR, Singh SR, Dennis VA, Pillai SR. Novel cationic peptide TP359 down-regulates the expression of outer membrane biogenesis genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a potential TP359 anti-microbial mechanism. BMC Microbiol 2016; 16:192. [PMID: 27549081 PMCID: PMC4994277 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-016-0808-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a class of antimicrobial agents with broad-spectrum activities. Several reports indicate that cationic AMPs bind to the negatively charged bacterial membrane causing membrane depolarization and damage. However, membrane depolarization and damage may be insufficient to elicit cell death, thereby suggesting that other mechanism(s) of action could be involved in this phenomenon. In this study, we investigated the antimicrobial activity of a novel antimicrobial peptide, TP359, against two strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as well as its possible mechanisms of action. Results TP359 proved to be bactericidal against P. aeruginosa as confirmed by the reduced bacteria counts, membrane damage and cytoplasmic membrane depolarization. In addition, it was non-toxic to mouse J774 macrophages and human lung A549 epithelial cells. Electron microscopy analysis showed TP359 bactericidal effects by structural changes of the bacteria from viable rod-shaped cells to those with cell membrane damages, proceeding into the efflux of cytoplasmic contents and emergence of ghost cells. Gene expression analysis on the effects of TP359 on outer membrane biogenesis genes underscored marked down-regulation, particularly of oprF, which encodes a major structural and outer membrane porin (OprF) in both strains studied, indicating that the peptide may cause deregulation of outer membrane genes and reduced structural stability which could lead to cell death. Conclusion Our data shows that TP359 has potent antimicrobial activity against P aeruginosa. The correlation between membrane damage, depolarization and reduced expression of outer membrane biogenesis genes, particularly oprF may suggest the bactericidal mechanism of action of the TP359 peptide. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12866-016-0808-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ejovwoke F Dosunmu
- Center for NanoBiotechnology Research, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL, USA
| | - Atul A Chaudhari
- Center for NanoBiotechnology Research, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL, USA
| | - Swapnil Bawage
- Center for NanoBiotechnology Research, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL, USA
| | - Mona K Bakeer
- LSU Health Sciences Center, School of Allied Health Professions, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Shree R Singh
- Center for NanoBiotechnology Research, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL, USA
| | - Vida A Dennis
- Center for NanoBiotechnology Research, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL, USA
| | - Shreekumar R Pillai
- Center for NanoBiotechnology Research, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yu X, Wang Y, Xia Y, Zhang L, Yang Q, Lei J. A DNA vaccine encoding VP22 of herpes simplex virus type I (HSV-1) and OprF confers enhanced protection from Pseudomonas aeruginosa in mice. Vaccine 2016; 34:4399-405. [PMID: 27449680 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa antimicrobial resistance is a major therapeutic challenge. DNA vaccination is an attractive approach for antigen-specific immunotherapy against P. aeruginosa. We explored the feasibility of employing Herpes simplex virus type 1 tegument protein, VP22, as a molecular tool to enhance the immunogenicity of an OprF DNA vaccine against P. aeruginosa. Recombinant DNA vaccines, pVAX1-OprF, pVAX1-OprF-VP22 (encoding a n-OprF-VP22-c fusion protein) and pVAX1-VP22-OprF (encoding a n-VP22-OprF-c fusion protein) were constructed. The humoral and cellular immune responses and immune protective effects of these DNA vaccines in mice were evaluated. In this report, we showed that vaccination with pVAX1-OprF-VP22 induced higher levels of IgG titer, T cell proliferation rate. It also provided better immune protection against the P. aeruginosa challenge when compared to that induced by pVAX1-OprF or pVAX1-VP22-OprF DNA vaccines. Molecular mechanistic analyses indicated vaccination with pVAX1-OprF-VP22 triggered immune responses characterized by a preferential increase in antigen specific IgG2a and IFN-γ in mice, indicating Th1 polarization. We concluded that VP22 is a potent stimulatory molecular tool for DNA vaccination when fused to the carboxyl end of OprF gene. Our study provides a novel strategy for prevention and treatment of P. aeruginosa infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xian Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, PR China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Materia Medica, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637007, PR China
| | - Yifan Xia
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing 400014, PR China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Institute of Materia Medica, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637007, PR China
| | - Qin Yang
- Institute of Materia Medica, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637007, PR China
| | - Jun Lei
- Institute of Materia Medica, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637007, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Li Y, Wang Z, Liu X, Tang J, Peng B, Wei Y. X-ray Irradiated Vaccine Confers protection against Pneumonia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18823. [PMID: 26879055 PMCID: PMC4754647 DOI: 10.1038/srep18823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram-negative bacterium and one of the leading causes of nosocomial infection worldwide, however, no effective vaccine is currently available in the market. Here, we demonstrate that inactivation of the bacteria by X-ray irradiation inhibits its replication capability but retained antigenic expression functionally thus allowing its use as a potential vaccine. Mice immunized by this vaccine were challenged by the parental strain, the O-antigen-homologous strain PAO-1 (O2/O5) and heterologous strain PAO-6 (O6) in an acute pneumonia model. We further measured the protective effect of the vaccine, as well as host innate and cellular immunity responses. We found immunized mice could protect against both strains. Notably, the antiserum only had significant protective role against similar bacteria, while adoptive transfer of lymphocytes significantly controlled the spread of the virulent heterologous serogroup PAO-6 infection, and the protective role could be reversed by CD4 rather than CD8 antibody. We further revealed that vaccinated mice could rapidly recruit neutrophils to the airways early after intranasal challenge by PAO-6, and the irradiated vaccine was proved to be protective by the generated CD4(+) IL-17(+) Th17 cells. In conclusion, the generation of inactivated but metabolically active microbes is a promising strategy for safely vaccinating against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,State Key Labortary of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Cheng Du, China
| | - Zhenling Wang
- State Key Labortary of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Cheng Du, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Liu
- State Key Labortary of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Cheng Du, China
| | - Jianying Tang
- State Key Labortary of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Cheng Du, China
| | - Bin Peng
- State Key Labortary of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Cheng Du, China.,Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- State Key Labortary of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Cheng Du, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Mehrad B, Clark NM, Zhanel GG, Lynch JP. Antimicrobial resistance in hospital-acquired gram-negative bacterial infections. Chest 2015; 147:1413-1421. [PMID: 25940252 DOI: 10.1378/chest.14-2171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerobic gram-negative bacilli, including the family of Enterobacteriaceae and non-lactose fermenting bacteria such as Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter species, are major causes of hospital-acquired infections. The rate of antibiotic resistance among these pathogens has accelerated dramatically in recent years and has reached pandemic scale. It is no longer uncommon to encounter gram-negative infections that are untreatable using conventional antibiotics in hospitalized patients. In this review, we provide a summary of the major classes of gram-negative bacilli and their key mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance, discuss approaches to the treatment of these difficult infections, and outline methods to slow the further spread of resistance mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Borna Mehrad
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and The Carter Center for Immunology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Nina M Clark
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Loyola University, Maywood, IL
| | - George G Zhanel
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Joseph P Lynch
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Transient Receptor Potential Channel 1 Deficiency Impairs Host Defense and Proinflammatory Responses to Bacterial Infection by Regulating Protein Kinase Cα Signaling. Mol Cell Biol 2015; 35:2729-39. [PMID: 26031335 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00256-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential channel 1 (TRPC1) is a nonselective cation channel that is required for Ca(2+) homeostasis necessary for cellular functions. However, whether TRPC1 is involved in infectious disease remains unknown. Here, we report a novel function for TRPC1 in host defense against Gram-negative bacteria. TRPC1(-/-) mice exhibited decreased survival, severe lung injury, and systemic bacterial dissemination upon infection. Furthermore, silencing of TRPC1 showed decreased Ca(2+) entry, reduced proinflammatory cytokines, and lowered bacterial clearance. Importantly, TRPC1 functioned as an endogenous Ca(2+) entry channel critical for proinflammatory cytokine production in both alveolar macrophages and epithelial cells. We further identified that bacterium-mediated activation of TRPC1 was dependent on Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), which induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) store depletion. After activation of phospholipase Cγ (PLC-γ), TRPC1 mediated Ca(2+) entry and triggered protein kinase Cα (PKCα) activity to facilitate nuclear translocation of NF-κB/Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) and augment the proinflammatory response, leading to tissue damage and eventually mortality. These findings reveal that TRPC1 is required for host defense against bacterial infections through the TLR4-TRPC1-PKCα signaling circuit.
Collapse
|
25
|
|
26
|
Burgess SV, Mabasa VH, Chow I, Ensom MHH. Evaluating outcomes of alternative dosing strategies for cefepime: a qualitative systematic review. Ann Pharmacother 2015; 49:311-22. [PMID: 25575975 DOI: 10.1177/1060028014564179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To perform a qualitative systematic review of the evidence comparing traditional with prolonged intermittent or continuous infusions of cefepime based on clinical and pharmacodynamic outcomes. DATA SOURCES PubMed (1946 to October 2014), EMBASE (1980 to October 2014), CENTRAL, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Web of Science, and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970 to October 2014) were searched using the terms cefepime, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, drug administration, intravenous infusions, intravenous drug administration, continuous infusion, extended infusion, and intermittent therapy. Reference lists from relevant materials were reviewed. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION Articles evaluating administration regimens of cefepime, one of which included the traditional, manufacturer-recommended 0.5-hour infusion and the other a prolonged or continuous infusion were included. Prespecified clinical outcomes of interest included all-cause mortality, length of hospital stay, clinical cure, and adverse events. The primary pharmacodynamic outcome was percentage time of unbound drug concentration remaining above the minimum inhibitory concentration. DATA SYNTHESIS In all, 18 studies were included; 6 studies assessed clinical outcomes, and 12 assessed pharmacodynamic outcomes. Prolonged or continuous infusions of cefepime achieved the pharmacodynamic targets more often than traditional infusions. The association of improved clinical outcomes with prolonged or continuous infusions is unclear. All-cause mortality was significantly decreased with the use of a prolonged cefepime infusion in a retrospective study. Two prospective, randomized studies demonstrated no statistically significant difference in mortality between prolonged and intermittent infusions. CONCLUSIONS The available literature on prolonged and continuous infusions of cefepime demonstrated an improved achievement of pharmacodynamic targets; however, the effect on clinical outcomes is inconclusive. Well-designed prospective studies are required to determine optimal dosing and administration strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mary H H Ensom
- Children's and Women's Health Centre of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Walsh Z, Janeček ER, Hodgkinson JT, Sedlmair J, Koutsioubas A, Spring DR, Welch M, Hirschmugl CJ, Toprakcioglu C, Nitschke JR, Jones M, Scherman OA. Multifunctional supramolecular polymer networks as next-generation consolidants for archaeological wood conservation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:17743-8. [PMID: 25385610 PMCID: PMC4273396 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1406037111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The preservation of our cultural heritage is of great importance to future generations. Despite this, significant problems have arisen with the conservation of waterlogged wooden artifacts. Three major issues facing conservators are structural instability on drying, biological degradation, and chemical degradation on account of Fe(3+)-catalyzed production of sulfuric and oxalic acid in the waterlogged timbers. Currently, no conservation treatment exists that effectively addresses all three issues simultaneously. A new conservation treatment is reported here based on a supramolecular polymer network constructed from natural polymers with dynamic cross-linking formed by a combination of both host-guest complexation and a strong siderophore pendant from a polymer backbone. Consequently, the proposed consolidant has the ability to chelate and trap iron while enhancing structural stability. The incorporation of antibacterial moieties through a dynamic covalent linkage into the network provides the material with improved biological resistance. Exploiting an environmentally compatible natural material with completely reversible chemistries is a safer, greener alternative to current strategies and may extend the lifetime of many culturally relevant waterlogged artifacts around the world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zarah Walsh
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Emma-Rose Janeček
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - James T Hodgkinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom; Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Sedlmair
- US Forest Service, US Department of Agriculture, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI 53276; Department of Agriculture and Biological Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802; Synchrotron Radiation Center, Stoughton, WI 53589
| | - Alexandros Koutsioubas
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich Centre for Neutron Science at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - David R Spring
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Welch
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, United Kingdom
| | - Carol J Hirschmugl
- Synchrotron Radiation Center, Stoughton, WI 53589; Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211
| | | | - Jonathan R Nitschke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Jones
- The Mary Rose Trust, HM Naval Base, Portsmouth PO1 3LX, United Kingdom
| | - Oren A Scherman
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom;
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Grimwood K, Kyd JM, Owen SJ, Massa HM, Cripps AW. Vaccination against respiratory Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2014; 11:14-20. [PMID: 25483510 PMCID: PMC4514401 DOI: 10.4161/hv.34296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa are a major clinical problem globally, particularly for patients with chronic pulmonary disorders, such as those with cystic fibrosis (CF), non-CF bronchiectasis (nCFB) and severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In addition, critically ill and immunocompromised patients are also at significant risk of P. aeruginosa infection. For almost half a century, research efforts have focused toward development of a vaccine against infections caused by P. aeruginosa, but a licensed vaccine is not yet available. Significant advances in identifying potential vaccine antigens have been made. Immunisations via both the mucosal and systemic routes have been trialled in animal models and their effectiveness in clearing acute infections demonstrated. The challenge for translation of this research to human applications remains, since P. aeruginosa infections in the human respiratory tract can present both as an acute or chronic infection. In addition, immunisation prior to infection may not be possible for many patients with CF, nCFB or COPD. Therefore, development of a therapeutic vaccine provides an alternative approach for treatment of chronic infection. Preliminary animal and human studies suggest that mucosal immunisation may be effective as a therapeutic vaccine against P. aeruginosa respiratory infections. Nevertheless, more research is needed to improve our understanding of the basic biology of P. aeruginosa and the mechanisms needed to upregulate the induction of host immune pathways to prevent infection. Recognition of variability in the host immune responses for a range of patient health conditions at risk from P. aeruginosa infection is also required to support development of a successful vaccine delivery strategy and vaccine. Activation of mucosal immune responses may provide improved efficacy of vaccination for P. aeruginosa during both acute exacerbations and chronic infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keith Grimwood
- a School of Medicine; Griffith University; Gold Coast, Queensland Australia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Activities of antibiotic combinations against resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a model of infected THP-1 monocytes. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 59:258-68. [PMID: 25348528 DOI: 10.1128/aac.04011-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic combinations are often used for treating Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections but their efficacy toward intracellular bacteria has not been investigated so far. We have studied combinations of representatives of the main antipseudomonal classes (ciprofloxacin, meropenem, tobramycin, and colistin) against intracellular P. aeruginosa in a model of THP-1 monocytes in comparison with bacteria growing in broth, using the reference strain PAO1 and two clinical isolates (resistant to ciprofloxacin and meropenem, respectively). Interaction between drugs was assessed by checkerboard titration (extracellular model only), by kill curves, and by using the fractional maximal effect (FME) method, which allows studying the effects of combinations when dose-effect relationships are not linear. For drugs used alone, simple sigmoidal functions could be fitted to all concentration-effect relationships (extracellular and intracellular bacteria), with static concentrations close to (ciprofloxacin, colistin, and meropenem) or slightly higher than (tobramycin) the MIC and with maximal efficacy reaching the limit of detection in broth but only a 1 to 1.5 (colistin, meropenem, and tobramycin) to 2 to 3 (ciprofloxacin) log10 CFU decrease intracellularly. Extracellularly, all combinations proved additive by checkerboard titration but synergistic using the FME method and more bactericidal in kill curve assays. Intracellularly, all combinations proved additive only based on both FME and kill curve assays. Thus, although combinations appeared to modestly improve antibiotic activity against intracellular P. aeruginosa, they do not allow eradication of these persistent forms of infections. Combinations including ciprofloxacin were the most active (even against the ciprofloxacin-resistant strain), which is probably related to the fact this drug was the most effective alone intracellularly.
Collapse
|
30
|
Sun D, Zhou M, Ying X, Cheng B, Han Y, Nie Y, Hou Y, Bai G. Identification of nuclear factor-κB inhibitors in the folk herb Rhizoma Menispermi via bioactivity-based ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis. Altern Ther Health Med 2014; 14:356. [PMID: 25252930 PMCID: PMC4195958 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhizoma Menispermi (RM) is the dried root of Menispermum dauricum DC, which is traditionally used to treat swelling and pain for sore throat, enteritis and rheumatic arthralgia in the clinic, but its bioactive compounds remain unclear. METHODS In this study, RM extract was administered orally to ICR mice followed by challenging with an intratracheal Pseudomonas aeruginosa suspension. Then mortality, histological features of lung, and inflammatory cytokines were evaluated. RM treatment significantly ameliorated Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced acute lung inflammation and reduced levels of inflammatory mediators. To screen for potential anti-inflammatory constituents of the RM extract, a simple and rapid method based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/TOF MS) coupled with a luciferase reporter assay system to detect nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activity was established. RESULTS Using this system, seven potential NF-κB inhibitors were detected, including sinomenine, norsinoacutin, N-norsinoacutin-β-D-glucopyranoside, 6-O-methyl-laudanosoline-13-O-glucopyranoside, magnoflorine, laurifloline and dauricinoline. Furthermore, IL-6 and IL-8 assays confirmed the anti-inflammatory effects of these potential NF-κB inhibitors, in which norsinoacutin, 6-O-methyl-laudanosoline-13-O-glucopyranoside laurifloline, dauricinoline and N-norsinoacutin-β-D-glucopyranoside were revealed as new NF-κB inhibitors. CONCLUSION This method of UPLC-Q/TOF coupled with the luciferase reporter assay system was initially applied to the study of RM and was demonstrated to represent a simple, rapid and practical approach to screen for anti-inflammatory compounds. This study provided useful results for further investigation on the anti-inflammatory mechanism of RM.
Collapse
|
31
|
Identification of arylsulfonamides as ExoU inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:3823-5. [PMID: 25027940 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
ExoU is a potent virulence factor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and is considered a potential therapeutic target. In order to discover novel ExoU inhibitors, we screened an in-house chemical library utilizing a yeast-based screening system. Some sulfonamides displayed significant activity without nonspecific cytotoxicity. We describe a series of sulfonamides as novel ExoU inhibitors, along with a brief structure-activity relationship.
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhou X, Li X, Ye Y, Zhao K, Zhuang Y, Li Y, Wei Y, Wu M. MicroRNA-302b augments host defense to bacteria by regulating inflammatory responses via feedback to TLR/IRAK4 circuits. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3619. [PMID: 24717937 PMCID: PMC4011559 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in a spectrum of physiological and pathological conditions, including immune responses. miR-302b has been implicated in stem cell differentiation but its role in immunity remains unknown. Here we show that miR-302b is induced by TLR2 and TLR4 through ERK-p38-NF-κB signaling upon Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Suppression of inflammatory responses to bacterial infection is mediated by targeting IRAK4, a protein required for the activation and nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Through negative feedback, enforced expression of miR-302b or IRAK4 siRNA silencing inhibits downstream NF-κB signaling and airway leukocyte infiltration, thereby alleviating lung injury and increasing survival in P. aeruginosa-infected mice. In contrast, miR-302b inhibitors exacerbate inflammatory responses and decrease survival in P. aeruginosa-infected mice and lung cells. These findings reveal that miR-302b is a novel inflammatory regulator of NF-κB activation in respiratory bacterial infections by providing negative feedback to TLRs-mediated immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xikun Zhou
- 1] Department of Basic Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58203-9037, USA [2] State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China [3]
| | - Xuefeng Li
- 1] Department of Basic Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58203-9037, USA [2] State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China [3]
| | - Yan Ye
- Department of Basic Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58203-9037, USA
| | - Kelei Zhao
- Department of Basic Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58203-9037, USA
| | - Yan Zhuang
- Department of Basic Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58203-9037, USA
| | - Yi Li
- 1] Department of Basic Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58203-9037, USA [2] State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Basic Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58203-9037, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Thacker S, Moran A, Lionakis M, Mastrangelo MAA, Halder T, del Pilar Huby M, Wu Y, Tweardy DJ. Restoration of lung surfactant protein D by IL-6 protects against secondary pneumonia following hemorrhagic shock. J Infect 2014; 68:231-41. [PMID: 24291043 PMCID: PMC4692462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2013.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify novel approaches to improve innate immunity in the lung following trauma complicated by hemorrhagic shock (T/HS) for prevention of nosocomial pneumonia. METHODS We developed a rat model of T/HS followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) pneumonia to assess the effect of alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) apoptosis, and its prevention by IL-6, on lung surfactant protein (SP)-D protein levels, lung bacterial burden, and survival from PA pneumonia, as well as to determine whether AEC apoptosis is a consequence of the unfolded protein response (UPR). Lung UPR transcriptome analysis was performed on rats subjected to sham, T/HS, and T/HS plus IL-6 protocols. Group comparisons were performed via Kaplan-Meier or ANOVA. RESULTS T/HS decreased lung SP-D by 1.8-fold (p < 0.05), increased PA bacterial burden 9-fold (p < 0.05), and increased PA pneumonia mortality by 80% (p < 0.001). IL-6, when provided at resuscitation, normalized SP-D levels (p < 0.05), decreased PA bacterial burden by 4.8-fold (p < 0.05), and prevented all mortality from PA pneumonia (p < 0.001). The UPR transcriptome was significantly impacted by T/HS; IL-6 treatment normalized the T/HS-induced UPR transcriptome changes (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Impaired innate lung defense occurs following T/HS and is mediated, in part, by reduction in SP-D protein levels, which, along with AEC apoptosis, may be mediated by the UPR, and prevented by use of IL-6 as a resuscitation adjuvant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Thacker
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ana Moran
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mihalis Lionakis
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mary-Ann A Mastrangelo
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tripti Halder
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maria del Pilar Huby
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yong Wu
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David J Tweardy
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Paul M, Lador A, Grozinsky‐Glasberg S, Leibovici L. Beta lactam antibiotic monotherapy versus beta lactam-aminoglycoside antibiotic combination therapy for sepsis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014; 2014:CD003344. [PMID: 24395715 PMCID: PMC6517128 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd003344.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optimal antibiotic treatment for sepsis is imperative. Combining a beta lactam antibiotic with an aminoglycoside antibiotic may provide certain advantages over beta lactam monotherapy. OBJECTIVES Our objectives were to compare beta lactam monotherapy versus beta lactam-aminoglycoside combination therapy in patients with sepsis and to estimate the rate of adverse effects with each treatment regimen, including the development of bacterial resistance to antibiotics. SEARCH METHODS In this updated review, we searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (2013, Issue 11); MEDLINE (1966 to 4 November 2013); EMBASE (1980 to November 2013); LILACS (1982 to November 2013); and conference proceedings of the Interscience Conference of Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (1995 to 2013). We scanned citations of all identified studies and contacted all corresponding authors. In our previous review, we searched the databases to July 2004. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomized and quasi-randomized trials comparing any beta lactam monotherapy versus any combination of a beta lactam with an aminoglycoside for sepsis. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes included treatment failure, superinfections and adverse events. Two review authors independently collected data. We pooled risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using the fixed-effect model. We extracted outcomes by intention-to-treat analysis whenever possible. MAIN RESULTS We included 69 trials that randomly assigned 7863 participants. Twenty-two trials compared the same beta lactam in both study arms, while the remaining trials compared different beta lactams using a broader-spectrum beta lactam in the monotherapy arm. In trials comparing the same beta lactam, we observed no difference between study groups with regard to all-cause mortality (RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.73 to 1.30) and clinical failure (RR 1.11, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.29). In studies comparing different beta lactams, we observed a trend for benefit with monotherapy for all-cause mortality (RR 0.85, 95% CI 0.71 to 1.01) and a significant advantage for clinical failure (RR 0.75, 95% CI 0.67 to 0.84). No significant disparities emerged from subgroup and sensitivity analyses, including assessment of participants with Gram-negative infection. The subgroup of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections was underpowered to examine effects. Results for mortality were classified as low quality of evidence mainly as the result of imprecision. Results for failure were classified as very low quality of evidence because of indirectness of the outcome and possible detection bias in non-blinded trials. We detected no differences in the rate of development of resistance. Nephrotoxicity was significantly less frequent with monotherapy (RR 0.30, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.39). We found no heterogeneity for all these comparisons.We included a small subset of studies addressing participants with Gram-positive infection, mainly endocarditis. We identified no difference between monotherapy and combination therapy in these studies. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The addition of an aminoglycoside to beta lactams for sepsis should be discouraged. All-cause mortality rates are unchanged. Combination treatment carries a significant risk of nephrotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mical Paul
- Rambam Health Care CampusDivision of Infectious DiseasesHa‐aliya 8 StHaifaIsrael33705
| | - Adi Lador
- Beilinson Hospital, Rabin Medical CenterDepartment of Medicine E39 Jabotinski StreetPetah TikvaIsrael49100
| | - Simona Grozinsky‐Glasberg
- Dept of Medicine, Hadassah‐Hebrew University Medical CenterNeuroendocrine Tumors Unit, Endocrinology & Metabolism ServicePOB 12000JerusalemIsrael91120
| | - Leonard Leibovici
- Beilinson Hospital, Rabin Medical CenterDepartment of Medicine E39 Jabotinski StreetPetah TikvaIsrael49100
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Imipenem, meropenem, or doripenem to treat patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa ventilator-associated pneumonia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013; 58:1372-80. [PMID: 24342638 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02109-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Only limited data exist on Pseudomonas aeruginosa ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) treated with imipenem, meropenem, or doripenem. Therefore, we conducted a prospective observational study in 169 patients who developed Pseudomonas aeruginosa VAP. Imipenem, meropenem, and doripenem MICs for Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were determined using Etests and compared according to the carbapenem received. Among the 169 isolates responsible for the first VAP episode, doripenem MICs were lower (P<0.0001) than those of imipenem and meropenem (MIC50s, 0.25, 2, and 0.38, respectively); 61%, 64%, and 70% were susceptible to imipenem, meropenem, and doripenem, respectively (P was not statistically significant). Factors independently associated with carbapenem resistance were previous carbapenem use (within 15 days) and mechanical ventilation duration before VAP onset. Fifty-six (33%) patients had at least one VAP recurrence, and 56 (33%) died. Factors independently associated with an unfavorable outcome (recurrence or death) were a high day 7 sequential organ failure assessment score and mechanical ventilation dependency on day 7. Physicians freely prescribed a carbapenem to 88 patients: imipenem for 32, meropenem for 24, and doripenem for 32. The remaining 81 patients were treated with various antibiotics. Imipenem-, meropenem-, and doripenem-treated patients had similar VAP recurrence rates (41%, 25%, and 22%, respectively; P=0.15) and mortality rates (47%, 25%, and 22%, respectively; P=0.07). Carbapenem resistance emerged similarly among patients treated with any carbapenem. No carbapenem was superior to another for preventing carbapenem resistance emergence.
Collapse
|
36
|
|
37
|
Bovine serum albumin nanoparticle vaccine reduces lung pathology induced by live Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in mice. Vaccine 2013; 31:5062-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.08.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2013] [Revised: 08/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
38
|
Bucior I, Abbott J, Song Y, Matthay MA, Engel JN. Sugar administration is an effective adjunctive therapy in the treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2013; 305:L352-63. [PMID: 23792737 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00387.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of acute and chronic pulmonary infections caused by opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa is limited by the increasing frequency of multidrug bacterial resistance. Here, we describe a novel adjunctive therapy in which administration of a mix of simple sugars-mannose, fucose, and galactose-inhibits bacterial attachment, limits lung damage, and potentiates conventional antibiotic therapy. The sugar mixture inhibits adhesion of nonmucoid and mucoid P. aeruginosa strains to bronchial epithelial cells in vitro. In a murine model of acute pneumonia, treatment with the sugar mixture alone diminishes lung damage, bacterial dissemination to the subpleural alveoli, and neutrophil- and IL-8-driven inflammatory responses. Remarkably, the sugars act synergistically with anti-Pseudomonas antibiotics, including β-lactams and quinolones, to further reduce bacterial lung colonization and damage. To probe the mechanism, we examined the effects of sugars in the presence or absence of antibiotics during growth in liquid culture and in an ex vivo infection model utilizing freshly dissected mouse tracheas and lungs. We demonstrate that the sugar mixture induces rapid but reversible formation of bacterial clusters that exhibited enhanced susceptibility to antibiotics compared with individual bacteria. Our findings reveal that sugar inhalation, an inexpensive and safe therapeutic, could be used in combination with conventional antibiotic therapy to more effectively treat P. aeruginosa lung infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Bucior
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Grgurich PE, Hudcova J, Lei Y, Sarwar A, Craven DE. Management and prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens. Expert Rev Respir Med 2013; 6:533-55. [PMID: 23134248 DOI: 10.1586/ers.12.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) due to multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens is a leading healthcare-associated infection in mechanically ventilated patients. The incidence of VAP due to MDR pathogens has increased significantly in the last decade. Risk factors for VAP due to MDR organisms include advanced age, immunosuppression, broad-spectrum antibiotic exposure, increased severity of illness, previous hospitalization or residence in a chronic care facility and prolonged duration of invasive mechanical ventilation. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and several different species of Gram-negative bacteria can cause MDR VAP. Especially difficult Gram-negative bacteria include Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteraciae and extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing bacteria. Proper management includes selecting appropriate antibiotics, optimizing dosing and using timely de-escalation based on antiimicrobial sensitivity data. Evidence-based strategies to prevent VAP that incorporate multidisciplinary staff education and collaboration are essential to reduce the burden of this disease and associated healthcare costs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip E Grgurich
- Department of Pharmacy, Lahey Clinic Medical Center, Burlington, MA 01805, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Worgall S. 40 years on: have we finally got a vaccine for Pseudomonas aeruginosa? Future Microbiol 2013; 7:1333-5. [PMID: 23231481 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.12.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
|
41
|
Pharmacodynamic evaluation of the intracellular activity of antibiotics towards Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 in a model of THP-1 human monocytes. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013; 57:2310-8. [PMID: 23478951 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02609-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa invades epithelial and phagocytic cells, which may play an important role in the persistence of infection. We have developed a 24-h model of THP-1 monocyte infection with P. aeruginosa PAO1 in which bacteria are seen multiplying in vacuoles by electron microscopy. The model has been used to quantitatively assess antibiotic activity against intracellular and extracellular bacteria by using a pharmacodynamic approach (concentration-dependent experiments over a wide range of extracellular concentrations to calculate bacteriostatic concentrations [Cs] and maximal relative efficacies [Emax]; Hill-Langmuir equation). Using 16 antipseudomonal antibiotics (three aminoglycosides, nine β-lactams, three fluoroquinolones, and colistin), dose-response curves were found to be undistinguishable for antibiotics of the same pharmacological class if data were expressed as a function of the corresponding MICs. Extracellularly, all of the antibiotics reached a bacteriostatic effect at their MIC, and their Emax exceeded the limit of detection (-4.5 log(10) CFU compared to the initial inoculum). Intracellularly, Cs values remained unchanged for β-lactams, fluoroquinolones, and colistin but were approximately 10 times higher for aminoglycosides, whereas Emax values were markedly reduced (less negative), reaching -3 log(10) CFU for fluoroquinolones and only -1 to -1.5 log(10) CFU for all other antibiotics. The decrease in intracellular aminoglycoside potency (higher Cs) can be ascribed to the acid pH to which bacteria are exposed in vacuoles. The decrease in the Emax may reflect a reversible alteration of bacterial responsiveness to antibiotics in the intracellular milieu. The model may prove useful for comparison of antipseudomonal antibiotics to reduce the risk of persistence or relapse of pseudomonal infections.
Collapse
|
42
|
Tumbarello M, De Pascale G, Trecarichi EM, Spanu T, Antonicelli F, Maviglia R, Pennisi MA, Bello G, Antonelli M. Clinical outcomes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia in intensive care unit patients. Intensive Care Med 2013; 39:682-92. [PMID: 23370828 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-013-2828-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Our aim was to identify the clinical profile of intensive care unit (ICU) patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) pneumonia and the impact on ICU mortality and duration of mechanical ventilation (MV) of multidrug resistance (MDR) in the PA isolate and inadequate initial antibiotic therapy (IIAT). METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of data prospectively collected in the 18-bed general ICU of a major teaching hospital in Rome, Italy. The study cohort consisted of 110 adult patients with culture-confirmed PA pneumonia consecutively diagnosed in 2008-2010. ICU survivor and nonsurvivor groups were compared to identify factors associated with ICU mortality. RESULTS In 42 (38 %) of the 110 cases of PA pneumonia analyzed, the PA isolate was MDR. Fifty-six (50.9 %) of the patients received IIAT, and 49 (44.5 %) died in ICU. In logistic regression analysis, IIAT, diabetes mellitus, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS) II scores, and older age were independently associated with ICU mortality. Among survivors, those who received IIAT or had MDR PA pneumonia had significantly longer median (interquartile ranges, IQR) periods of post-pneumonia onset MV (16.5 [14.5-20] and 15 [12-18] days, respectively) compared with those whose initial therapy was adequate (8 [6-13] days, P < 0.001) and those whose infections were caused by non-MDR PA (10.5 [6.5-13] days, P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the importance of IIAT as a risk factor for mortality in ICU patients with PA pneumonia. MDR in the PA isolate, like IIAT, can significantly increase the need for MV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Tumbarello
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Hanberger H, Edlund C, Furebring M, G Giske C, Melhus A, Nilsson LE, Petersson J, Sjölin J, Ternhag A, Werner M, Eliasson E. Rational use of aminoglycosides--review and recommendations by the Swedish Reference Group for Antibiotics (SRGA). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 45:161-75. [PMID: 23270477 DOI: 10.3109/00365548.2012.747694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The Swedish Reference Group for Antibiotics (SRGA) has carried out a risk-benefit analysis of aminoglycoside treatment based on clinical efficacy, antibacterial spectrum, and synergistic effect with beta-lactam antibiotics, endotoxin release, toxicity, and side effects. In addition, SRGA has considered optimal dosage schedules and advice on serum concentration monitoring, with respect to variability in volume of drug distribution and renal clearance. SRGA recommends that aminoglycoside therapy should be considered in the following situations: (1) progressive severe sepsis and septic shock, in combination with broad-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotics, (2) sepsis without shock, in combination with broad-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotics if the infection is suspected to be caused by multi-resistant Gram-negative pathogens, (3) pyelonephritis, in combination with a beta-lactam or quinolone until culture and susceptibility results are obtained, or as monotherapy if a serious allergy to beta-lactam or quinolone antibiotics exists, (4) serious infections caused by multi-resistant Gram-negative bacteria when other alternatives are lacking, and (5) endocarditis caused by difficult-to-treat pathogens when monotherapy with beta-lactam antibiotics is not sufficient. Amikacin is generally more active against extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing and quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli than other aminoglycosides, making it a better option in cases of suspected infection caused by multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. Based on their resistance data, local drug committees should decide on the choice of first-line aminoglycoside. Unfortunately, aminoglycoside use is rarely followed up with audiometry, and in Sweden we currently have no systematic surveillance of adverse events after aminoglycoside treatment. We recommend routine assessment of adverse effects, including hearing loss and impairment of renal function, if possible at the start and after treatment with aminoglycosides, and that these data should be included in hospital patient safety surveillance and national quality registries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Håkan Hanberger
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Linking antimicrobial prescribing to antimicrobial resistance in the ICU: before and after an antimicrobial stewardship program. Epidemics 2012; 4:203-10. [PMID: 23351372 DOI: 10.1016/j.epidem.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobials are an effective treatment for many types of infections, but their overuse promotes the spread of resistant microorganisms that defy conventional treatments and complicate patient care. In 2009, an antimicrobial stewardship program was implemented at Mount Sinai Hospital (MSH, Toronto, Canada). Components of this program were to alter the fraction of patients prescribed antimicrobials, to shorten the average duration of treatment, and to alter the types of antimicrobials prescribed. These components were incorporated into a mathematical model that was compared to data reporting the number of patients colonized with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the number of patients colonized with antimicrobial-resistant P. aeruginosa first isolates before and after the antimicrobial stewardship program. Our analysis shows that the reported decrease in the number of patients colonized was due to treating fewer patients, while the reported decrease in the number of patients colonized with resistant P. aeruginosa was due to the combined effect of treating fewer patients and altering the types of antimicrobials prescribed. We also find that shortening the average duration of treatment was unlikely to have produced any noticeable effects and that further reducing the fraction of patients prescribed antimicrobials would most substantially reduce P. aeruginosa antimicrobial resistance in the future. The analytical framework that we derive considers the effect of colonization pressure on infection spread and can be used to interpret clinical antimicrobial resistance data to assess different aspects of antimicrobial stewardship within the ecological context of the intensive care unit.
Collapse
|
45
|
Afaneh CI, Ho VP, McWhorter P, Nicolau DP, Barie PS. Minor Fluctuations in Renal Function May Alter Therapeutic Drug Concentrations Substantially during High-Dose, Continuous-Infusion Beta-Lactam Therapy for Multi-Drug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacilli. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2012; 13:415-7. [DOI: 10.1089/sur.2012.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vanessa P. Ho
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Peter McWhorter
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - David P. Nicolau
- The Center for Anti-Infective Research and Development, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut
| | - Philip S. Barie
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
- Department of Public Health, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Park SY, Park HJ, Moon SM, Park KH, Chong YP, Kim MN, Kim SH, Lee SO, Kim YS, Woo JH, Choi SH. Impact of adequate empirical combination therapy on mortality from bacteremic Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. BMC Infect Dis 2012; 12:308. [PMID: 23157735 PMCID: PMC3519646 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-12-308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudomonas aeruginosa has gained an increasing amount of attention in the treatment of patients with pneumonia. However, the benefit of empirical combination therapy for pneumonia remains unclear. We evaluated the effects of adequate empirical combination therapy and multidrug-resistance in bacteremic Pseudomonas pneumonia on the mortality. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was performed at the 2,700-bed tertiary care university hospital. We reviewed the medical records of patients with bacteremic pneumonia between January 1997 and February 2011. Patients who received either inappropriate or appropriate empirical therapy were compared by using marginal structural model. Furthermore, we investigated the direct impact of combination therapy on clinical outcomes in patients with monomicrobial bacteremic pneumonia. RESULTS Among 100 consecutive patients with bacteremic Pseudomonas pneumonia, 65 patients were classified in the adequate empirical therapy group, 32 of whom received monotherapy and 33 combination therapy. In the marginal structural model, only inadequate therapy was significantly associated with 28-day mortality (p = 0.02), and multidrug-resistance was not a significant risk factor.To examine further the direct impact of combination therapy, we performed a subgroup analysis of the 65 patients who received adequate therapy. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified absence of septic shock at the time of bacteremia (OR, 0.07; 95% CI, 0.01-0.49; p = 0.008), and adequate combination therapy (OR, 0.05; 95% CI, 0.01-0.34; p = 0.002) as variables independently associated with decreased all-cause 28-day mortality. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that adequate empirical combination therapy can decrease mortality in patients with bacteremic Pseudomonas pneumonia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- So-Youn Park
- Departments of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1 Pungnap-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
François B, Luyt CE, Dugard A, Wolff M, Diehl JL, Jaber S, Forel JM, Garot D, Kipnis E, Mebazaa A, Misset B, Andremont A, Ploy MC, Jacobs A, Yarranton G, Pearce T, Fagon JY, Chastre J. Safety and pharmacokinetics of an anti-PcrV PEGylated monoclonal antibody fragment in mechanically ventilated patients colonized with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Crit Care Med 2012; 40:2320-6. [DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0b013e31825334f6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
48
|
Gupta D, Agarwal R, Aggarwal AN, Singh N, Mishra N, Khilnani GC, Samaria JK, Gaur SN, Jindal SK. Guidelines for diagnosis and management of community- and hospital-acquired pneumonia in adults: Joint ICS/NCCP(I) recommendations. Lung India 2012; 29:S27-62. [PMID: 23019384 PMCID: PMC3458782 DOI: 10.4103/0970-2113.99248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dheeraj Gupta
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Ritesh Agarwal
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashutosh Nath Aggarwal
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Navneet Singh
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Narayan Mishra
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Indian Chest Society, India
| | - G. C. Khilnani
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, National College of Chest Physicians, India
| | - J. K. Samaria
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Indian Chest Society, India
| | - S. N. Gaur
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, National College of Chest Physicians, India
| | - S. K. Jindal
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - for the Pneumonia Guidelines Working Group
- Pneumonia Guidelines Working Group Collaborators (43) A. K. Janmeja, Chandigarh; Abhishek Goyal, Chandigarh; Aditya Jindal, Chandigarh; Ajay Handa, Bangalore; Aloke G. Ghoshal, Kolkata; Ashish Bhalla, Chandigarh; Bharat Gopal, Delhi; D. Behera, Delhi; D. Dadhwal, Chandigarh; D. J. Christopher, Vellore; Deepak Talwar, Noida; Dhruva Chaudhry, Rohtak; Dipesh Maskey, Chandigarh; George D’Souza, Bangalore; Honey Sawhney, Chandigarh; Inderpal Singh, Chandigarh; Jai Kishan, Chandigarh; K. B. Gupta, Rohtak; Mandeep Garg, Chandigarh; Navneet Sharma, Chandigarh; Nirmal K. Jain, Jaipur; Nusrat Shafiq, Chandigarh; P. Sarat, Chandigarh; Pranab Baruwa, Guwahati; R. S. Bedi, Patiala; Rajendra Prasad, Etawa; Randeep Guleria, Delhi; S. K. Chhabra, Delhi; S. K. Sharma, Delhi; Sabir Mohammed, Bikaner; Sahajal Dhooria, Chandigarh; Samir Malhotra, Chandigarh; Sanjay Jain, Chandigarh; Subhash Varma, Chandigarh; Sunil Sharma, Shimla; Surender Kashyap, Karnal; Surya Kant, Lucknow; U. P. S. Sidhu, Ludhiana; V. Nagarjun Mataru, Chandigarh; Vikas Gautam, Chandigarh; Vikram K. Jain, Jaipur; Vishal Chopra, Patiala; Vishwanath Gella, Chandigarh
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Wu W, Huang J, Duan B, Traficante DC, Hong H, Risech M, Lory S, Priebe GP. Th17-stimulating protein vaccines confer protection against Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2012; 186:420-7. [PMID: 22723292 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201202-0182oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE New vaccine approaches are needed for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which continues to be a major cause of serious pulmonary infections. Although Th17 cells can protect against gram-negative pathogens at mucosal surfaces, including the lung, the bacterial proteins recognized by Th17 cells are largely unknown and could be potential new vaccine candidates. OBJECTIVES We describe a strategy to identify Th17-stimulating protein antigens of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to assess their efficacy as vaccines against pneumonia. METHODS Using a library of in vitro transcribed and translated P. aeruginosa proteins, we screened for Th17-stimulating antigens by coculturing the library proteins with splenocytes from mice immunized with a live-attenuated P. aeruginosa vaccine that is protective via Th17-based immunity. We measured antibody and Th17 responses after intranasal immunization of mice with the purified proteins mixed with the Th17 adjuvant curdlan, and we tested the protective efficacy of vaccination in a murine model of acute pneumonia. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The proteins PopB, FpvA, FptA, OprL, and PilQ elicited strong IL-17 secretion in the screen, and purified versions of PopB, FpvA, and OprL stimulated high IL-17 production from immune splenocytes. Immunization with PopB, which is a highly conserved component of the type III secretion system and a known virulence factor, elicited Th17 responses and also enhanced clearance of P. aeruginosa from the lung and spleen after challenge. PopB-immunized mice were protected from lethal pneumonia in an antibody-independent, IL-17-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Screening for Th17-stimulating protein antigens identified PopB as a novel and promising vaccine candidate for P. aeruginosa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weihui Wu
- Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Salins N, Vallath N, Prince VV. Pseudomonas bronchopulmonary infections in a palliative care setting. Indian J Palliat Care 2012; 18:1-5. [PMID: 22837603 PMCID: PMC3401727 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1075.97341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood stream infections and pneumonia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa is associated with high mortality, especially in an immunocompromised host. A large section of the palliative care patient population has varied forms of compromised immunity due to advanced cancer or cancer treatment, organ failures, chronic autoimmune disorders, degenerative conditions, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The lung is one of the most frequently involved organs in a variety of complications in an immunocompromised host and infection is the most common complication. P. aeruginosa is one of the most common pathogens associated with bronchopulmonary infections in an immunocompromised host. Routine radiological tests like chest X-ray may often be unyielding and an early and a prompt initiation of treatment reduces mortality and morbidity risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Salins
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Bangalore Institute of Oncology, Health Care Global Enterprise, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Nandini Vallath
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Bangalore Institute of Oncology, Health Care Global Enterprise, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - VV Prince
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Bangalore Institute of Oncology, Health Care Global Enterprise, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|