1
|
Cheng JL, Cook AL, Talbot J, Perry S. How is Excitotoxicity Being Modelled in iPSC-Derived Neurons? Neurotox Res 2024; 42:43. [PMID: 39405005 PMCID: PMC11480214 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-024-00721-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 09/11/2024] [Accepted: 09/29/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024]
Abstract
Excitotoxicity linked either to environmental causes (pesticide and cyanotoxin exposure), excitatory neurotransmitter imbalance, or to intrinsic neuronal hyperexcitability, is a pathological mechanism central to neurodegeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Investigation of excitotoxic mechanisms using in vitro and in vivo animal models has been central to understanding ALS mechanisms of disease. In particular, advances in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technologies now provide human cell-based models that are readily amenable to environmental and network-based excitotoxic manipulations. The cell-type specific differentiation of iPSC, combined with approaches to modelling excitotoxicity that include editing of disease-associated gene variants, chemogenetics, and environmental risk-associated exposures make iPSC primed to examine gene-environment interactions and disease-associated excitotoxic mechanisms. Critical to this is knowledge of which neurotransmitter receptor subunits are expressed by iPSC-derived neuronal cultures being studied, how their activity responds to antagonists and agonists of these receptors, and how to interpret data derived from multi-parameter electrophysiological recordings. This review explores how iPSC-based studies have contributed to our understanding of ALS-linked excitotoxicity and highlights novel approaches to inducing excitotoxicity in iPSC-derived neurons to further our understanding of its pathological pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan L Cheng
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Anthony L Cook
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Jana Talbot
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Sharn Perry
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, TAS, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chang Y, Chen YJ, Wang SJ. Sodium Houttuyfonate Prevents Seizures and Neuronal Cell Loss by Maintaining Glutamatergic System Stability in Male Rats with Kainic Acid-Induced Seizures. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1312. [PMID: 38927519 PMCID: PMC11202147 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the antiseizure and neuroprotective effects of sodium houttuyfonate (SH), a derivative of Houttuynia cordata Thunb. (H. cordata), in a kainic acid (KA)- induced seizure rat model and its underlying mechanism. Sprague Dawley rats were administered normal saline, SH (50 or 100 mg/kg), or carbamazepine (300 mg/kg) by oral gavage for seven consecutive days before the intraperitoneal administration of KA (15 mg/kg). SH showed antiseizure effects at a dose of 100 mg/kg; it prolonged seizure latency and decreased seizure scores. SH also significantly decreased neuronal loss in the hippocampi of KA-treated rats, which was associated with the prevention of glutamate level increase, the upregulation of glutamate reuptake-associated proteins (excitatory amino acid transporters 1-3), glutamate metabolism enzyme glutamine synthetase, the downregulation of the glutamate synthesis enzyme glutaminase, and significant alterations in the expression of AMPA (α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid receptor) and NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor) receptor subunits in the hippocampus. Furthermore, the effects of SH were similar to those of the antiseizure drug carbamazepine. Therefore, the results of the present study suggest that SH has antiseizure effects on KA-induced seizures, possibly through the prevention of glutamatergic alterations. Our findings suggest that SH is a potential alternative treatment that may prevent seizures by preserving the normal glutamatergic system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chang
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan;
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei 11101, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jun Chen
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan;
| | - Su-Jane Wang
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan;
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lu CW, Lin TY, Chiu KM, Lee MY, Wang SJ. Gypenoside XVII Reduces Synaptic Glutamate Release and Protects against Excitotoxic Injury in Rats. Biomolecules 2024; 14:589. [PMID: 38785996 PMCID: PMC11118014 DOI: 10.3390/biom14050589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Excitotoxicity is a common pathological process in neurological diseases caused by excess glutamate. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of gypenoside XVII (GP-17), a gypenoside monomer, on the glutamatergic system. In vitro, in rat cortical nerve terminals (synaptosomes), GP-17 dose-dependently decreased glutamate release with an IC50 value of 16 μM. The removal of extracellular Ca2+ or blockade of N-and P/Q-type Ca2+ channels and protein kinase A (PKA) abolished the inhibitory effect of GP-17 on glutamate release from cortical synaptosomes. GP-17 also significantly reduced the phosphorylation of PKA, SNAP-25, and synapsin I in cortical synaptosomes. In an in vivo rat model of glutamate excitotoxicity induced by kainic acid (KA), GP-17 pretreatment significantly prevented seizures and rescued neuronal cell injury and glutamate elevation in the cortex. GP-17 pretreatment decreased the expression levels of sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 1, glutamate synthesis enzyme glutaminase and vesicular glutamate transporter 1 but increased the expression level of glutamate metabolism enzyme glutamate dehydrogenase in the cortex of KA-treated rats. In addition, the KA-induced alterations in the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits GluN2A and GluN2B in the cortex were prevented by GP-17 pretreatment. GP-17 also prevented the KA-induced decrease in cerebral blood flow and arginase II expression. These results suggest that (i) GP-17, through the suppression of N- and P/Q-type Ca2+ channels and consequent PKA-mediated SNAP-25 and synapsin I phosphorylation, reduces glutamate exocytosis from cortical synaptosomes; and (ii) GP-17 has a neuroprotective effect on KA-induced glutamate excitotoxicity in rats through regulating synaptic glutamate release and cerebral blood flow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wei Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei 22060, Taiwan; (C.-W.L.); (T.-Y.L.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yu Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei 22060, Taiwan; (C.-W.L.); (T.-Y.L.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Ming Chiu
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Center, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei 22060, Taiwan;
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yi Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei 22060, Taiwan;
| | - Su-Jane Wang
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 24205, Taiwan
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Valderhaug VD, Ramstad OH, van de Wijdeven R, Heiney K, Nichele S, Sandvig A, Sandvig I. Micro-and mesoscale aspects of neurodegeneration in engineered human neural networks carrying the LRRK2 G2019S mutation. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1366098. [PMID: 38644975 PMCID: PMC11026646 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1366098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene have been widely linked to Parkinson's disease, where the G2019S variant has been shown to contribute uniquely to both familial and sporadic forms of the disease. LRRK2-related mutations have been extensively studied, yet the wide variety of cellular and network events related to these mutations remain poorly understood. The advancement and availability of tools for neural engineering now enable modeling of selected pathological aspects of neurodegenerative disease in human neural networks in vitro. Our study revealed distinct pathology associated dynamics in engineered human cortical neural networks carrying the LRRK2 G2019S mutation compared to healthy isogenic control neural networks. The neurons carrying the LRRK2 G2019S mutation self-organized into networks with aberrant morphology and mitochondrial dynamics, affecting emerging structure-function relationships both at the micro-and mesoscale. Taken together, the findings of our study points toward an overall heightened metabolic demand in networks carrying the LRRK2 G2019S mutation, as well as a resilience to change in response to perturbation, compared to healthy isogenic controls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vibeke Devold Valderhaug
- Department of Research and Innovation, Møre and Romsdal Hospital Trust, Ålesund, Norway
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ola Huse Ramstad
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Rosanne van de Wijdeven
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kristine Heiney
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Technology, Art and Design, Oslo Metropolitan University (OsloMet), Oslo, Norway
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Stefano Nichele
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Technology, Art and Design, Oslo Metropolitan University (OsloMet), Oslo, Norway
- Department of Computer Science and Communication, Østfold University College, Halden, Norway
| | - Axel Sandvig
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Neuro, Head and Neck, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, St Olav’s Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ioanna Sandvig
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lin TK, Yeh KC, Pai MS, Hsieh PW, Wang SJ. Ursolic acid inhibits the synaptic release of glutamate and prevents glutamate excitotoxicity in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 963:176280. [PMID: 38113967 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the effect of ursolic acid, a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid, on glutamate release in rat cortical nerve terminals (synaptosomes) and its neuroprotection in a kainic acid-induced excitotoxicity rat model. In cortical synaptosomes, ursolic acid produced a concentration-dependent inhibition of evoked glutamate release with a half-maximum inhibition of release value of 9.5 μM, and calcium-free medium and the P/Q -type Ca2+ channel blocker, ω-agatoxin IVA, but not ω-conotoxin GVIA, an N-type Ca2+ channel blocker, prevented the ursoloic acid effect. The molecular docking study indicated that ursolic acid interacted with P/Q-type Ca2+ channels. Ursolic acid also significantly decreased the depolarization-induced activation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and the subsequent phosphorylation of synapsin I, and the ursolic acid effect on evoked glutamate release was inhibited by the CaMKII inhibitor KN 62 in synaptosomes. In addition, in rats that were intraperitoneally injected with ursolic acid 30 min before kainic acid intraperitoneal injection, cortical neuronal degeneration was attenuated. This effect of ursolic acid in the improvement of kainic acid-induced neuronal damage was associated with the reduction of kainic acid-induced glutamate increase in the cortex of rats; this was characterized by the reduction of glutamate and glutaminase levels and elevation of glutamate dehydrogenase, glutamate transporter 1, glutamate-aspartate transporter, and glutamine synthetase protein levels. These results suggest that ursolic acid inhibits glutamate release from cortical synaptosomes by decreasing P/Q-type Ca2+ channel activity and subsequently suppressing CaMKII and exerts a preventive effect against glutamate neurotoxicity by controlling glutamate levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Kang Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 24205, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, No.510, Zhongzheng Rd., Xinzhuang Dist, New Taipei City, 24205, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Chieh Yeh
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, No.510, Zhongzheng Rd., Xinzhuang Dist, New Taipei City, 24205, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 24205, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shang Pai
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, No.510, Zhongzheng Rd., Xinzhuang Dist, New Taipei City, 24205, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan, 33303, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Hsieh
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, 33303, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Natural Products, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33303, Taiwan
| | - Su-Jane Wang
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, No.510, Zhongzheng Rd., Xinzhuang Dist, New Taipei City, 24205, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, 33303, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Park JH, Hwang Y, Nguyen YND, Kim HC, Shin EJ. Ramelteon attenuates hippocampal neuronal loss and memory impairment following kainate-induced seizures. J Pineal Res 2024; 76:e12921. [PMID: 37846173 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that the neuroprotective effects of melatonin involve both receptor-dependent and -independent actions. However, little is known about the effects of melatonin receptor activation on the kainate (KA) neurotoxicity. This study examined the effects of repeated post-KA treatment with ramelteon, a selective agonist of melatonin receptors, on neuronal loss, cognitive impairment, and depression-like behaviors following KA-induced seizures. The expression of melatonin receptors decreased in neurons, whereas it was induced in astrocytes 3 and 7 days after seizures elicited by KA (0.12 μg/μL) in the hippocampus of mice. Ramelteon (3 or 10 mg/kg, i.p.) and melatonin (10 mg/kg, i.p.) mitigated KA-induced oxidative stress and impairment of glutathione homeostasis and promoted the nuclear translocation and DNA binding activity of Nrf2 in the hippocampus after KA treatment. Ramelteon and melatonin also attenuated microglial activation but did not significantly affect astroglial activation induced by KA, despite the astroglial induction of melatonin receptors after KA treatment. However, ramelteon attenuated KA-induced proinflammatory phenotypic changes in astrocytes. Considering the reciprocal regulation of astroglial and microglial activation, these results suggest ramelteon inhibits microglial activation by regulating astrocyte phenotypic changes. These effects were accompanied by the attenuation of the nuclear translocation and DNA binding activity of nuclear factor κB (NFκB) induced by KA. Consequently, ramelteon attenuated the KA-induced hippocampal neuronal loss, memory impairment, and depression-like behaviors; the effects were comparable to those of melatonin. These results suggest that ramelteon-mediated activation of melatonin receptors provides neuroprotection against KA-induced neurotoxicity in the mouse hippocampus by activating Nrf2 signaling to attenuate oxidative stress and restore glutathione homeostasis and by inhibiting NFκB signaling to attenuate neuroinflammatory changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hoon Park
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonggwang Hwang
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yen Nhi Doan Nguyen
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Joo Shin
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chen C, Zhu T, Gong L, Hu Z, Wei H, Fan J, Lin D, Wang X, Xu J, Dong X, Wang Y, Xia N, Zeng L, Jiang P, Xie Y. Trpm2 deficiency in microglia attenuates neuroinflammation during epileptogenesis by upregulating autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR pathway. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 186:106273. [PMID: 37648036 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders. Neuroinflammation involving the activation of microglia and astrocytes constitutes an important and common mechanism in epileptogenesis. Transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) is a calcium-permeable, non-selective cation channel that plays pathological roles in various inflammation-related diseases. Our previous study demonstrated that Trpm2 knockout exhibits therapeutic effects on pilocarpine-induced glial activation and neuroinflammation. However, whether TRPM2 in microglia and astrocytes plays a common pathogenic role in this process and the underlying molecular mechanisms remained undetermined. Here, we demonstrate a previously unknown role for microglial TRPM2 in epileptogenesis. Trpm2 knockout in microglia attenuated kainic acid (KA)-induced glial activation, inflammatory cytokines production and hippocampal paroxysmal discharges, whereas Trpm2 knockout in astrocytes exhibited no significant effects. Furthermore, we discovered that these therapeutic effects were mediated by upregulated autophagy via the adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in microglia. Thus, our findings highlight an important deleterious role of microglial TRPM2 in temporal lobe epilepsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Neurology, Department of Neurobiology and Department of Rehabilitation, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center For Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Lifen Gong
- Department of Neurology, Department of Neurobiology and Department of Rehabilitation, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center For Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Zhe Hu
- Department of Neurology, Department of Neurobiology and Department of Rehabilitation, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center For Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Hao Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 221004 Xuzhou, China
| | - Jianchen Fan
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Donghui Lin
- Department of Neurology, Department of Neurobiology and Department of Rehabilitation, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center For Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Department of Neurobiology and Department of Rehabilitation, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center For Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Junyu Xu
- Department of Neurology, Department of Neurobiology and Department of Rehabilitation, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center For Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Xinyan Dong
- Department of Neurology, Department of Neurobiology and Department of Rehabilitation, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center For Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Department of Neurobiology and Department of Rehabilitation, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center For Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Ningxiao Xia
- Department of Neurology, Department of Neurobiology and Department of Rehabilitation, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center For Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Linghui Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Peifang Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Department of Neurobiology and Department of Rehabilitation, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center For Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China.
| | - Yicheng Xie
- Department of Neurology, Department of Neurobiology and Department of Rehabilitation, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center For Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nakayama H, Ihara D, Fukuchi M, Toume K, Yuri C, Tsuda M, Shibahara N, Tabuchi A. The extract based on the Kampo formula daikenchuto (Da Jian Zhong Tang) induces Bdnf expression and has neurotrophic effects in cultured cortical neurons. J Nat Med 2023; 77:584-595. [PMID: 37148454 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-023-01703-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Reductions in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression levels have been reported in the brains of patients with neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, upregulating BDNF and preventing its decline in the diseased brain could help ameliorate neurological dysfunctions. Accordingly, we sought to discover agents that increase Bdnf expression in neurons. Here, we screened a library of 42 Kampo extracts to identify those with the ability to induce Bdnf expression in cultured cortical neurons. Among the active extracts identified in the screen, we focused on the extract based on the Kampo formula daikenchuto. The extract of daikenchuto in the library used in this study was prepared using the mixture of Zingiberis Rhizoma Processum (ZIN), Zanthoxyli Piperiti Pericarpium (ZAN), and Ginseng Radix (GIN) without Koi. In this study, we defined DKT as the mixture of ZIN, ZAN, and GIN without Koi (DKT extract means the extract prepared from the mixture of ZIN, ZAN, and GIN without Koi). DKT extract significantly increased endogenous Bdnf expression by mediated, at least in part, via Ca2+ signaling involving L-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels in cultured cortical neurons. Furthermore, DKT extract significantly improved the survival of cultured cortical neurons and increased neurite complexity in immature neurons. Taken together, our findings suggest that DKT extract induces Bdnf expression and has a neurotrophic effect in neurons. Because BDNF inducers are expected to have therapeutic potential for neurological disorders, re-positioning of Kampo formulations such as daikenchuto may lead to clinical application in diseases associated with reduced BDNF in the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Nakayama
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ihara
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Mamoru Fukuchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, 60 Nakaorui-machi, Takasaki, Gunma, 370-0033, Japan.
| | - Kazufumi Toume
- Department of Medicinal Resources Management, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Chisato Yuri
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Masaaki Tsuda
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Naotoshi Shibahara
- Kampo Education and Training Center, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Akiko Tabuchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Franks H, Wang R, Li M, Wang B, Wildmann A, Ortyl T, O’Brien S, Young D, Liao FF, Sakata K. Heat shock factor HSF1 regulates BDNF gene promoters upon acute stress in the hippocampus, together with pCREB. J Neurochem 2023; 165:131-148. [PMID: 36227087 PMCID: PMC10097844 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) is a master stress-responsive transcriptional factor, protecting cells from death. However, its gene regulation in vivo in the brain in response to neuronal stimuli remains elusive. Here, we investigated its direct regulation of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene (Bdnf) in response to acute neuronal stress stimuli in the brain. The results of immunohistochemistry and chromatin immunoprecipitation quantitative PCR (ChIP-qPCR) showed that administration of kainic acid (a glutamate receptor agonist inducing excitotoxity) to young adult mice induced HSF1 nuclear translocation and its binding to multiple Bdnf promoters in the hippocampus. Footshock, a physical stressor used for learning, also induced HSF1 binding to selected Bdnf promoters I and IV. This is, to our knowledge, the first demonstration of HSF1 gene regulation in response to neuronal stimuli in the hippocampus in vivo. HSF1 binding sites (HSEs) in Bdnf promoters I and IV were also detected when immunoprecipitated by an antibody of phosphorylated (p)CREB (cAMP-responsive element-binding protein), suggesting their possible interplay in acute stress-induced Bdnf transcription. Interestingly, their promoter binding patterns differed by KA and footshock, suggesting that HSF1 and pCREB orchestrate to render fine-tuned promoter control depending on the types of stress. Further, HSF1 overexpression increased Bdnf promoter activity in a luciferase assay, while virus infection of constitutively active-form HSF1 increased levels of BDNF mRNA and protein in vitro in primary cultured neurons. These results indicated that HSF1 activation of Bdnf promoter was sufficient to induce BDNF expression. Taken together, these results suggest that HSF1 promoter-specific control of Bdnf gene regulation plays an important role in neuronal protection and plasticity in the hippocampus in response to acute stress, possibly interplaying with pCREB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hunter Franks
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Health
Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ruishan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Health
Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Mingqi Li
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Health
Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Health
Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ashton Wildmann
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Health
Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Tyler Ortyl
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Health
Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Shannon O’Brien
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Health
Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Deborah Young
- Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacology, The
University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Francesca-Fang Liao
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Health
Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Kazuko Sakata
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Health
Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fabbrizi E, Fiorentino F, Carafa V, Altucci L, Mai A, Rotili D. Emerging Roles of SIRT5 in Metabolism, Cancer, and SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060852. [PMID: 36980194 PMCID: PMC10047932 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 5 (SIRT5) is a predominantly mitochondrial enzyme catalyzing the removal of glutaryl, succinyl, malonyl, and acetyl groups from lysine residues through a NAD+-dependent deacylase mechanism. SIRT5 is an important regulator of cellular homeostasis and modulates the activity of proteins involved in different metabolic pathways such as glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, fatty acid oxidation, electron transport chain, generation of ketone bodies, nitrogenous waste management, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification. SIRT5 controls a wide range of aspects of myocardial energy metabolism and plays critical roles in heart physiology and stress responses. Moreover, SIRT5 has a protective function in the context of neurodegenerative diseases, while it acts as a context-dependent tumor promoter or suppressor. In addition, current research has demonstrated that SIRT5 is implicated in the SARS-CoV-2 infection, although opposing conclusions have been drawn in different studies. Here, we review the current knowledge on SIRT5 molecular actions under both healthy and diseased settings, as well as its functional effects on metabolic targets. Finally, we revise the potential of SIRT5 as a therapeutic target and provide an overview of the currently reported SIRT5 modulators, which include both activators and inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Fabbrizi
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Fiorentino
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Carafa
- Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
- BIOGEM, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
- BIOGEM, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
- IEOS—Istituto per l’Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Pasteur Institute, Cenci-Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (D.R.); Tel.: +39-0649913392 (A.M.); +39-0649913237 (D.R.); Fax: +39-0649693268 (A.M.)
| | - Dante Rotili
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (D.R.); Tel.: +39-0649913392 (A.M.); +39-0649913237 (D.R.); Fax: +39-0649693268 (A.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Riluzole and novel naphthalenyl substituted aminothiazole derivatives prevent acute neural excitotoxic injury in a rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Neuropharmacology 2023; 224:109349. [PMID: 36436594 PMCID: PMC9843824 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Epileptogenic seizures, or status epilepticus (SE), leads to excitotoxic injury in hippocampal and limbic neurons in the kainic acid (KA) animal model of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Here, we have further characterized neural activity regulated methylaminoisobutryic acid (MeAIB)/glutamine transport activity in mature rat hippocampal neurons in vitro that is inhibited by riluzole (IC50 = 1 μM), an anti-convulsant benzothiazole agent. We screened a library of riluzole derivatives and identified SKA-41 followed by a second screen and synthesized several novel chlorinated aminothiazoles (SKA-377, SKA-378, SKA-379) that are also potent MeAIB transport inhibitors in vitro, and brain penetrant following systemic administration. When administered before KA, SKA-378 did not prevent seizures but still protected the hippocampus and several other limbic areas against SE-induced neurodegeneration at 3d. When SKA-377 - 379, (30 mg/kg) were administered after KA-induced SE, acute neural injury in the CA3, CA1 and CA4/hilus was also largely attenuated. Riluzole (10 mg/kg) blocks acute neural injury. Kinetic analysis of SKA-378 and riluzoles' blockade of Ca2+-regulated MeAIB transport in neurons in vitro indicates that inhibition occurs via a non-competitive, indirect mechanism. Sodium channel NaV1.6 antagonism blocks neural activity regulated MeAIB/Gln transport in vitro (IC50 = 60 nM) and SKA-378 is the most potent inhibitor of NaV1.6 (IC50 = 28 μM) compared to NaV1.2 (IC50 = 118 μM) in heterologous cells. However, pharmacokinetic analysis suggests that sodium channel blockade may not be the predominant mechanism of neuroprotection here. Riluzole and our novel aminothiazoles are agents that attenuate acute neural hippocampal injury following KA-induced SE and may help to understand mechanisms involved in the progression of epileptic disease.
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhuang XF, Liu YX, Yang ZH, Gao Q, Wang L, Ju C, Wang K. Attenuation of Epileptogenesis and Cognitive Deficits by a Selective and Potent Kv7 Channel Opener in Rodent Models of Seizures. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2023; 384:315-325. [PMID: 36396352 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.122.001328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting neuronal Kv7 channels by pharmacological activation has been proven to be an attractive therapeutic strategy for epilepsy. Here, we show that activation of Kv7 channels by an opener SCR2682 dose-dependently reduces seizure activity and severity in rodent models of epilepsy induced by a GABAa receptor antagonist pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), maximal electroshock, and a glutamate receptor agonist kainic acid (KA). Electroencephalographic recordings of rat cerebral cortex confirm that SCR2682 also decreases epileptiform discharges in KA-induced seizures. Nissl and neuronal nuclei staining further demonstrates that SCR2682 also protects neurons from injury induced by KA. In Morris water maze navigation and Y-maze tests, SCR2682 improves PTZ- and KA-induced cognitive impairment. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that pharmacological activation of Kv7 by novel opener SCR2682 may hold promise for therapy of epilepsy with cognitive impairment. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: A neuronal Kv7 channel opener SCR2682 attenuates epileptogenesis and seizure-induced cognitive impairment in rodent models of seizures, thus possessing a developmental potential for effective therapy of epilepsy with cognitive impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fei Zhuang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Medical College (X.-F.Z., Y.-X.L., Z.-H.Y., Q.G., L.W., C.J., K.W.) and Institute of Innovative Drugs, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China (K.W.)
| | - Yu-Xue Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Medical College (X.-F.Z., Y.-X.L., Z.-H.Y., Q.G., L.W., C.J., K.W.) and Institute of Innovative Drugs, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China (K.W.)
| | - Zhi-Hong Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Medical College (X.-F.Z., Y.-X.L., Z.-H.Y., Q.G., L.W., C.J., K.W.) and Institute of Innovative Drugs, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China (K.W.)
| | - Qin Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Medical College (X.-F.Z., Y.-X.L., Z.-H.Y., Q.G., L.W., C.J., K.W.) and Institute of Innovative Drugs, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China (K.W.)
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Medical College (X.-F.Z., Y.-X.L., Z.-H.Y., Q.G., L.W., C.J., K.W.) and Institute of Innovative Drugs, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China (K.W.)
| | - Chuanxia Ju
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Medical College (X.-F.Z., Y.-X.L., Z.-H.Y., Q.G., L.W., C.J., K.W.) and Institute of Innovative Drugs, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China (K.W.)
| | - KeWei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Medical College (X.-F.Z., Y.-X.L., Z.-H.Y., Q.G., L.W., C.J., K.W.) and Institute of Innovative Drugs, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China (K.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bai X, Zheng L, Xu Y, Liang Y, Li D. Role of microRNA-34b-5p in cancer and injury: how does it work? Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:381. [PMID: 36457043 PMCID: PMC9713203 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02797-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are a class of noncoding single-stranded RNAs that can regulate gene expression by binding to the untranslated sequences at the 3 ' end of messenger RNAs. The microRNA-34 family is dysregulated in various human diseases. It is considered as a tumor-suppressive microRNA because of its synergistic effect with the well-known tumor suppressor p53. As a member of the miRNA-34 family, miR-34b-5p serves as a powerful regulator of a suite of cellular activities, including cell growth, multiplication, development, differentiation, and apoptosis. It promotes or represses disease occurrence and progression by participating in some important signaling pathways. This review aimed to provide an overview and update on the differential expression and function of miR-34b-5p in pathophysiologic processes, especially cancer and injury. Additionally, miR-34b-5p-mediated clinical trials have indicated promising consequences for the therapies of carcinomatosis and injury. With the application of the first tumor-targeted microRNA drug based on miR-34a mimics, it can be inferred that miR-34b-5p may become a crucial factor in the therapy of various diseases. However, further studies on miR-34b-5p should shed light on its involvement in disease pathogenesis and treatment options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuechun Bai
- grid.452829.00000000417660726The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin China
| | - Lianwen Zheng
- grid.452829.00000000417660726The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin China
| | - Ying Xu
- grid.452829.00000000417660726The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin China
| | - Yan Liang
- grid.452829.00000000417660726The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin China
| | - Dandan Li
- grid.452829.00000000417660726The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lu CW, Wu CC, Chiu KM, Lee MY, Lin TY, Wang SJ. Inhibition of Synaptic Glutamate Exocytosis and Prevention of Glutamate Neurotoxicity by Eupatilin from Artemisia argyi in the Rat Cortex. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13406. [PMID: 36362193 PMCID: PMC9657139 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The inhibition of synaptic glutamate release to maintain glutamate homeostasis contributes to the alleviation of neuronal cell injury, and accumulating evidence suggests that natural products can repress glutamate levels and associated excitotoxicity. In this study, we investigated whether eupatilin, a constituent of Artemisia argyi, affected glutamate release in rat cortical nerve terminals (synaptosomes). Additionally, we evaluated the effect of eupatilin in an animal model of kainic acid (KA) excitotoxicity, particularly on the levels of glutamate and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunits (GluN2A and GluN2B). We found that eupatilin decreased depolarization-evoked glutamate release from rat cortical synaptosomes and that this effect was accompanied by a reduction in cytosolic Ca2+ elevation, inhibition of P/Q-type Ca2+ channels, decreased synapsin I Ca2+-dependent phosphorylation and no detectable effect on the membrane potential. In a KA-induced glutamate excitotoxicity rat model, the administration of eupatilin before KA administration prevented neuronal cell degeneration, glutamate elevation, glutamate-generating enzyme glutaminase increase, excitatory amino acid transporter (EAAT) decrease, GluN2A protein decrease and GluN2B protein increase in the rat cortex. Taken together, the results suggest that eupatilin depresses glutamate exocytosis from cerebrocortical synaptosomes by decreasing P/Q-type Ca2+ channels and synapsin I phosphorylation and alleviates glutamate excitotoxicity caused by KA by preventing glutamatergic alterations in the rat cortex. Thus, this study suggests that eupatilin can be considered a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of brain impairment associated with glutamate excitotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wei Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 22060, Taiwan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chan Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 22060, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Ming Chiu
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Center, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 22060, Taiwan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yi Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 22060, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yu Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 22060, Taiwan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan
| | - Su-Jane Wang
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kirchenwitz M, Stahnke S, Grunau K, Melcher L, van Ham M, Rottner K, Steffen A, Stradal TEB. The autophagy inducer SMER28 attenuates microtubule dynamics mediating neuroprotection. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17805. [PMID: 36284196 PMCID: PMC9596692 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20563-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
SMER28 originated from a screen for small molecules that act as modulators of autophagy. SMER28 enhanced the clearance of autophagic substrates such as mutant huntingtin, which was additive to rapamycin-induced autophagy. Thus, SMER28 was established as a positive regulator of autophagy acting independently of the mTOR pathway, increasing autophagosome biosynthesis and attenuating mutant huntingtin-fragment toxicity in cellular- and fruit fly disease models, suggesting therapeutic potential. Despite many previous studies, molecular mechanisms mediating SMER28 activities and its direct targets have remained elusive. Here we analyzed the effects of SMER28 on cells and found that aside from autophagy induction, it significantly stabilizes microtubules and decelerates microtubule dynamics. Moreover, we report that SMER28 displays neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects at the cellular level by inducing neurite outgrowth and protecting from excitotoxin-induced axon degeneration. Finally, we compare the effects of SMER28 with other autophagy-inducing or microtubule-stabilizing drugs: whereas SMER28 and rapamycin both induce autophagy, the latter does not stabilize microtubules, and whereas both SMER28 and epothilone B stabilize microtubules, epothilone B does not stimulate autophagy. Thus, the effect of SMER28 on cells in general and neurons in particular is based on its unique spectrum of bioactivities distinct from other known microtubule-stabilizing or autophagy-inducing drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Kirchenwitz
- grid.7490.a0000 0001 2238 295XDepartment of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany ,grid.6738.a0000 0001 1090 0254Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstrasse 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stephanie Stahnke
- grid.7490.a0000 0001 2238 295XDepartment of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kyra Grunau
- grid.7490.a0000 0001 2238 295XDepartment of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany ,grid.6738.a0000 0001 1090 0254Division of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstrasse 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Lars Melcher
- grid.7490.a0000 0001 2238 295XDepartment of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marco van Ham
- grid.7490.a0000 0001 2238 295XCellular Proteome Research, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Klemens Rottner
- grid.7490.a0000 0001 2238 295XDepartment of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany ,grid.6738.a0000 0001 1090 0254Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstrasse 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Anika Steffen
- grid.7490.a0000 0001 2238 295XDepartment of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Theresia E. B. Stradal
- grid.7490.a0000 0001 2238 295XDepartment of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kandeda AK, Nodeina S, Mabou ST. An aqueous extract of Syzygium cumini protects against kainate-induced status epilepticus and amnesia: evidence for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory intervention. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:2581-2602. [PMID: 35916986 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01052-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Temporal lobe epilepsy is the most common drug-resistant epilepsy. To cure epilepsy, drugs must target the mechanisms at the origin of seizures. Thus, the present investigation aimed to evaluate the antiepileptic- and anti-amnesic-like effects of an aqueous extract of Syzygium cumini against kainate-induced status epilepticus in mice, and possible mechanisms of action. Mice were divided into 7 groups and treated as follows: normal group or kainate group received po distilled water (10 mL/kg), four test groups received Syzygium cumini (28.8, 72, 144, and 288 mg/kg, po), and the positive control group treated intraperitoneally (ip) with sodium valproate (300 mg/kg). An extra group of normal mice was treated with piracetam (200 mg/kg, po). Treatments were administered 60 min before the induction of status epilepticus with kainate (15 mg/kg, ip), and continued daily throughout behavioral testing. Twenty-four hours after the induction, T-maze and Morris water maze tasks were successively performed. The animals were then sacrificed and some markers of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation were estimated in the hippocampus. The extract significantly prevented status epilepticus and mortality. In the T-maze, the aqueous extract markedly increased the time spent and the number of entries in the discriminated arm. In the Morris water maze, the extract significantly increased the time spent in the target quadrant during the retention phase. Furthermore, the aqueous extract induced a significant reduction of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. These results suggest that the aqueous extract of Syzygium cumini has antiepileptic- and anti-amnesic-like effects, likely mediated in part by antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Kavaye Kandeda
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Saleh Nodeina
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundéré, P.O. Box 454, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
| | - Symphorien Talom Mabou
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chang A, Chang Y, Wang SJ. Rutin prevents seizures in kainic acid-treated rats: evidence of glutamate levels, inflammation and neuronal loss modulation. Food Funct 2022; 13:10401-10414. [PMID: 36148811 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01490d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Rutin, a naturally derived flavonoid molecule with known neuroprotective properties, has been demonstrated to have anticonvulsive potential, but the mechanism of this effect is still unclear. The current study aimed to investigate the probable antiseizure mechanisms of rutin in rats using the kainic acid (KA) seizure model. Rutin (50 and 100 mg kg-1) and carbamazepine (100 mg kg-1) were administered daily by oral gavage for 7 days before KA (15 mg kg-1) intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection. Seizure behavior, neuronal cell death, glutamate concentration, excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs), glutamine synthetase (GS), glutaminase, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor subunits GluA1 and GluA2, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunits GluN2A and GluN2B, activated astrocytes, and inflammatory and anti-inflammatory molecules in the hippocampus were evaluated. Supplementation with rutin attenuated seizure severity in KA-treated rats and reversed KA-induced neuronal loss and glutamate elevation in the hippocampus. Decreased glutaminase and GluN2B, and increased EAATs, GS, GluA1, GluA2 and GluN2A were observed with rutin administration. Rutin pretreatment also suppressed activated astrocytes, downregulated the protein levels of inflammatory molecules [interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), high mobility group Box 1 (HMGB1), interleukin-1 receptor 1 (IL-1R1), and Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4)] and upregulated anti-inflammatory molecule interleukin-10 (IL-10) protein expression. Taken together, the results indicate that the preventive treatment of rats with rutin attenuated KA-induced seizures and neuronal loss by decreasing glutamatergic hyperactivity and suppressing the IL-1R1/TLR4-related neuroinflammatory cascade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Chang
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan. .,Department of Neurology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei 22060, Taiwan
| | - Yi Chang
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan. .,Department of Anesthesiology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei 22060, Taiwan
| | - Su-Jane Wang
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan. .,Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Fiorentino F, Castiello C, Mai A, Rotili D. Therapeutic Potential and Activity Modulation of the Protein Lysine Deacylase Sirtuin 5. J Med Chem 2022; 65:9580-9606. [PMID: 35802779 PMCID: PMC9340778 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sirtiun 5 (SIRT5) is a NAD+-dependent protein lysine deacylase primarily located in mitochondria. SIRT5 displays an affinity for negatively charged acyl groups and mainly catalyzes lysine deglutarylation, desuccinylation, and demalonylation while possessing weak deacetylase activity. SIRT5 substrates play crucial roles in metabolism and reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification, and SIRT5 activity is protective in neuronal and cardiac physiology. Moreover, SIRT5 exhibits a dichotomous role in cancer, acting as context-dependent tumor promoter or suppressor. Given its multifaceted activity, SIRT5 is a promising target in the design of activators or inhibitors that might act as therapeutics in many pathologies, including cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and neurodegeneration. To date, few cellular-active peptide-based SIRT5 inhibitors (SIRT5i) have been described, and potent and selective small-molecule SIRT5i have yet to be discovered. In this perspective, we provide an outline of SIRT5's roles in different biological settings and describe SIRT5 modulators in terms of their mode of action, pharmacological activity, and structure-activity relationships.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Fiorentino
- Department
of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza
University of Rome, Piazzala Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Carola Castiello
- Department
of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza
University of Rome, Piazzala Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department
of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza
University of Rome, Piazzala Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
- Pasteur
Institute, Cenci-Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzala Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Dante Rotili
- Department
of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza
University of Rome, Piazzala Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Biological Potential, Gastrointestinal Digestion, Absorption, and Bioavailability of Algae-Derived Compounds with Neuroprotective Activity: A Comprehensive Review. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20060362. [PMID: 35736165 PMCID: PMC9227170 DOI: 10.3390/md20060362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is no known cure for neurodegenerative disease. However, the available therapies aim to manage some of the symptoms of the disease. Human neurodegenerative diseases are a heterogeneous group of illnesses characterized by progressive loss of neuronal cells and nervous system dysfunction related to several mechanisms such as protein aggregation, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and neurotransmission dysfunction. Neuroprotective compounds are essential in the prevention and management of neurodegenerative diseases. This review will focus on the neurodegeneration mechanisms and the compounds (proteins, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), polysaccharides, carotenoids, phycobiliproteins, phenolic compounds, among others) present in seaweeds that have shown in vivo and in vitro neuroprotective activity. Additionally, it will cover the recent findings on the neuroprotective effects of bioactive compounds from macroalgae, with a focus on their biological potential and possible mechanism of action, including microbiota modulation. Furthermore, gastrointestinal digestion, absorption, and bioavailability will be discussed. Moreover, the clinical trials using seaweed-based drugs or extracts to treat neurodegenerative disorders will be presented, showing the real potential and limitations that a specific metabolite or extract may have as a new therapeutic agent considering the recent approval of a seaweed-based drug to treat Alzheimer’s disease.
Collapse
|
20
|
Jean WH, Huang CT, Hsu JH, Chiu KM, Lee MY, Shieh JS, Lin TY, Wang SJ. Anticonvulsive and Neuroprotective Effects of Eupafolin in Rats Are Associated with the Inhibition of Glutamate Overexcitation and Upregulation of the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:1594-1603. [PMID: 35500294 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Several plant compounds have been found to possess neuroactive properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the anticonvulsant effect of eupafolin, a major active component extracted from Salvia plebeia, a herb used in traditional medicine for its anti-inflammatory properties. To this end, we assessed the anticonvulsant effects of eupafolin in rats intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with kainic acid (KA) to elucidate this mechanism. Treatment with eupafolin (i.p.) for 30 min before KA administration significantly reduced behavioral and electrographic seizures induced by KA, similar to carbamazepine (i.p.), a widely used antiepileptic drug. Eupafolin treatment also significantly decreased KA seizure-induced neuronal cell death and glutamate elevation in the hippocampus. In addition, eupafolin notably reversed KA seizure-induced alterations in α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor subunit GluR2, glutamate decarboxylase 67 (GAD67, GABAergic enzyme), and Wnt signaling-related proteins, including porcupine, Wnt1, phosphorylated-glycogen synthase kinase-3β, β-catenin, and Bcl-2 in the hippocampus. Furthermore, the increased level of Dickkopf-related protein 1 (Dkk-1, a Wnt signaling antagonist) and the decreased level of Disheveled1 (Dvl-1, a Wnt signaling activator) in the hippocampus of KA-treated rats were reversed by eupafolin. This study provides evidence of the anticonvulsant and neuroprotective properties of eupafolin and of the involvement of regulation of glutamate overexcitation and Wnt signaling in the mechanisms of these properties. These findings support the benefits of eupafolin in treating epilepsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Horng Jean
- Department of Anesthesiology, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 22060, Taiwan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ta Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei City 106, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Hsuan Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Ming Chiu
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Center, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 22060, Taiwan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yi Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 22060, Taiwan
| | - Jiann-Shing Shieh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yu Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 22060, Taiwan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan
| | - Su-Jane Wang
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Narimatsu E, Kakizaki R, Nomura K, Sawamoto K, Takahashi K, Uemura S, Ishiguro M. Dexmedetomidine improves excessive extracellular glutamate-induced synaptic depression (BRAINRES-D-21-00941). Brain Res 2022; 1789:147949. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.147949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
22
|
Piperine Provides Neuroprotection against Kainic Acid-Induced Neurotoxicity via Maintaining NGF Signalling Pathway. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092638. [PMID: 35565989 PMCID: PMC9104445 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuroprotective properties of piperine, the major alkaloid extracted from black pepper, have been under investigation, but its mechanism of action in excitotoxicity is still poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of piperine with a focus on nerve growth factor (NGF) signalling in a kainic acid (KA) rat model of excitotoxicity. Rats were administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) piperine (10 or 50 mg/kg) before KA injection (15 mg/kg, i.p.). Our results show that KA exposure in rats caused seizure behaviour, intrinsic neuronal hyperactivity, glutamate elevation, hippocampal neuronal damage, and cognitive impairment. These KA-induced alterations could be restored to the normal state by piperine treatment. In addition, piperine decreased the expression of the NGF precursor proNGF and NGF-degrading protease matrix metalloproteinase 9, whereas it increased the expression of proNGF processing enzyme matrix metalloproteinase 7, NGF, and NGF-activated receptor TrkA in the hippocampus of KA-treated rats. Furthermore, KA decreased phosphorylation of the protein kinase B (Akt) and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) in the hippocampus, and piperine reversed these changes. Our data suggest that piperine protects hippocampal neurons against KA-induced excitotoxicity by upregulating the NGF/TrkA/Akt/GSK3β signalling pathways.
Collapse
|
23
|
Lin TY, Hung CY, Chiu KM, Lee MY, Lu CW, Wang SJ. Neferine, an Alkaloid from Lotus Seed Embryos, Exerts Antiseizure and Neuroprotective Effects in a Kainic Acid-Induced Seizure Model in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084130. [PMID: 35456948 PMCID: PMC9027762 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Current anti-seizure drugs fail to control approximately 30% of epilepsies. Therefore, there is a need to develop more effective anti-seizure drugs, and medicinal plants provide an attractive source for new compounds. This study aimed to evaluate the possible anti-seizure and neuroprotective effects of neferine, an alkaloid from the lotus seed embryos of Nelumbo nucifera, in a kainic acid (KA)-induced seizure rat model and its underlying mechanisms. Rats were intraperitoneally (i.p.) administrated neferine (10 and 50 mg/kg) 30 min before KA injection (15 mg/kg, i.p.). Neferine pretreatment increased seizure latency and reduced seizure scores, prevented glutamate elevation and neuronal loss, and increased presynaptic protein synaptophysin and postsynaptic density protein 95 expression in the hippocampi of rats with KA. Neferine pretreatment also decreased glial cell activation and proinflammatory cytokine (interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α) expression in the hippocampi of rats with KA. In addition, NOD-like receptor 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, caspase-1, and interleukin-18 expression levels were decreased in the hippocampi of seizure rats pretreated with neferine. These results indicated that neferine reduced seizure severity, exerted neuroprotective effects, and ameliorated neuroinflammation in the hippocampi of KA-treated rats, possibly by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation and decreasing inflammatory cytokine secretion. Our findings highlight the potential of neferine as a therapeutic option in the treatment of epilepsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Yu Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 22060, Taiwan;
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yu Hung
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan;
| | - Kuan-Ming Chiu
- Cardiovascular Center, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei 22060, Taiwan; (K.-M.C.); (M.-Y.L.)
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yi Lee
- Cardiovascular Center, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei 22060, Taiwan; (K.-M.C.); (M.-Y.L.)
| | - Cheng-Wei Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 22060, Taiwan;
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-W.L.); (S.-J.W.)
| | - Su-Jane Wang
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan;
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-W.L.); (S.-J.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Weerasinghe-Mudiyanselage PDE, Ang MJ, Kang S, Kim JS, Moon C. Structural Plasticity of the Hippocampus in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3349. [PMID: 35328770 PMCID: PMC8955928 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroplasticity is the capacity of neural networks in the brain to alter through development and rearrangement. It can be classified as structural and functional plasticity. The hippocampus is more susceptible to neuroplasticity as compared to other brain regions. Structural modifications in the hippocampus underpin several neurodegenerative diseases that exhibit cognitive and emotional dysregulation. This article reviews the findings of several preclinical and clinical studies about the role of structural plasticity in the hippocampus in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and multiple sclerosis. In this study, literature was surveyed using Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, to review the mechanisms that underlie the alterations in the structural plasticity of the hippocampus in neurodegenerative diseases. This review summarizes the role of structural plasticity in the hippocampus for the etiopathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and identifies the current focus and gaps in knowledge about hippocampal dysfunctions. Ultimately, this information will be useful to propel future mechanistic and therapeutic research in neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Poornima D. E. Weerasinghe-Mudiyanselage
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Animal Behavior, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (P.D.E.W.-M.); (M.J.A.); (S.K.); (J.-S.K.)
| | - Mary Jasmin Ang
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Animal Behavior, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (P.D.E.W.-M.); (M.J.A.); (S.K.); (J.-S.K.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Los Baños 4031, Philippines
| | - Sohi Kang
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Animal Behavior, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (P.D.E.W.-M.); (M.J.A.); (S.K.); (J.-S.K.)
| | - Joong-Sun Kim
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Animal Behavior, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (P.D.E.W.-M.); (M.J.A.); (S.K.); (J.-S.K.)
| | - Changjong Moon
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Animal Behavior, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (P.D.E.W.-M.); (M.J.A.); (S.K.); (J.-S.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Nisa FY, Rahman MA, Hossen MA, Khan MF, Khan MAN, Majid M, Sultana F, Haque MA. Role of neurotoxicants in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease: a mechanistic insight. Ann Med 2021; 53:1476-1501. [PMID: 34433343 PMCID: PMC8405119 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2021.1966088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most conspicuous chronic neurodegenerative syndrome, which has become a significant challenge for the global healthcare system. Multiple studies have corroborated a clear association of neurotoxicants with AD pathogenicity, such as Amyloid beta (Aβ) proteins and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), signalling pathway modifications, cellular stress, cognitive dysfunctions, neuronal apoptosis, neuroinflammation, epigenetic modification, and so on. This review, therefore, aimed to address several essential mechanisms and signalling cascades, including Wnt (wingless and int.) signalling pathway, autophagy, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), protein kinase C (PKC) signalling cascades, cellular redox status, energy metabolism, glutamatergic neurotransmissions, immune cell stimulations (e.g. microglia, astrocytes) as well as an amyloid precursor protein (APP), presenilin-1 (PSEN1), presenilin-2 (PSEN2) and other AD-related gene expressions that have been pretentious and modulated by the various neurotoxicants. This review concluded that neurotoxicants play a momentous role in developing AD through modulating various signalling cascades. Nevertheless, comprehension of this risk agent-induced neurotoxicity is far too little. More in-depth epidemiological and systematic investigations are needed to understand the potential mechanisms better to address these neurotoxicants and improve approaches to their risk exposure that aid in AD pathogenesis.Key messagesInevitable cascade mechanisms of how Alzheimer's Disease-related (AD-related) gene expressions are modulated by neurotoxicants have been discussed.Involvement of the neurotoxicants-induced pathways caused an extended risk of AD is explicited.Integration of cell culture, animals and population-based analysis on the clinical severity of AD is addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatema Yasmin Nisa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Atiar Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Amjad Hossen
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Forhad Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Asif Nadim Khan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Mumtahina Majid
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Farjana Sultana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Areeful Haque
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lu CW, Huang YC, Chiu KM, Lee MY, Lin TY, Wang SJ. Enmein Decreases Synaptic Glutamate Release and Protects against Kainic Acid-Induced Brain Injury in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312966. [PMID: 34884781 PMCID: PMC8657722 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of enmein, an active constituent of Isodon japonicus Hara, on glutamate release in rat cerebrocortical nerve terminals (synaptosomes) and evaluated its neuroprotective potential in a rat model of kainic acid (KA)-induced glutamate excitotoxicity. Enmein inhibited depolarization-induced glutamate release, FM1-43 release, and Ca2+ elevation in cortical nerve terminals but had no effect on the membrane potential. Removing extracellular Ca2+ and blocking vesicular glutamate transporters, N- and P/Q-type Ca2+ channels, or protein kinase C (PKC) prevented the inhibition of glutamate release by enmein. Enmein also decreased the phosphorylation of PKC, PKC-α, and myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrates in synaptosomes. In the KA rat model, intraperitoneal administration of enmein 30 min before intraperitoneal injection of KA reduced neuronal cell death, glial cell activation, and glutamate elevation in the hippocampus. Furthermore, in the hippocampi of KA rats, enmein increased the expression of synaptic markers (synaptophysin and postsynaptic density protein 95) and excitatory amino acid transporters 2 and 3, which are responsible for glutamate clearance, whereas enmein decreased the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and CD11b. These results indicate that enmein not only inhibited glutamate release from cortical synaptosomes by suppressing Ca2+ influx and PKC but also increased KA-induced hippocampal neuronal death by suppressing gliosis and decreasing glutamate levels by increasing glutamate uptake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wei Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 22060, Taiwan; (C.-W.L.); (Y.-C.H.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 22060, Taiwan; (C.-W.L.); (Y.-C.H.)
| | - Kuan-Ming Chiu
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Center, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei 22060, Taiwan; (K.-M.C.); (M.-Y.L.)
- Department of Nursing, Asia Eastern University of Science and Technology, New Taipei City 22060, Taiwan
- Department of Photonics Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yi Lee
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Center, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei 22060, Taiwan; (K.-M.C.); (M.-Y.L.)
| | - Tzu-Yu Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 22060, Taiwan; (C.-W.L.); (Y.-C.H.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (T.-Y.L.); (S.-J.W.)
| | - Su-Jane Wang
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (T.-Y.L.); (S.-J.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Huang SS, Sheng YC, Jiang YY, Liu N, Lin MM, Wu JC, Liang ZQ, Qin ZH, Wang Y. TIGAR plays neuroprotective roles in KA-induced excitotoxicity through reducing neuroinflammation and improving mitochondrial function. Neurochem Int 2021; 152:105244. [PMID: 34826530 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Excitotoxicity refers to the ability of excessive extracellular excitatory amino acids to damage neurons via receptor activation. It is a crucial pathogenetic process in neurodegenerative diseases. TP53 is confirmed to be involved in excitotoxicity. It is demonstrated that TP53 induced glycolysis and apoptotic regulator (TIGAR)-regulated metabolic pathway can protect against neuronal injury. However, the role of TIGAR in excitotoxicity and specific mechanisms is still unknown. In this study, an in vivo excitotoxicity model was constructed via stereotypical kainic acid (KA) injection into the striatum of mice. KA reduced TIGAR expression levels, neuroinflammatory responses and mitochondrial dysfunction. TIGAR overexpression could reverse KA-induced neuronal injury by reducing neuroinflammation and improving mitochondrial function, thereby exerting neuroprotective effects. Therefore, this study could provide a potential therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si-Si Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yi-Chao Sheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yi-Yue Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Miao-Miao Lin
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jun-Chao Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhong-Qin Liang
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zheng-Hong Qin
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ji C, Xiao J, Zeng X. Recent Progress in the Stereoselective Synthesis of (−)‐α‐Kainic Acid. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cong‐Bin Ji
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences Shangrao Normal University Shangrao Jiangxi 334001 People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences Shangrao Normal University Shangrao Jiangxi 334001 People's Republic of China
| | - Xing‐Ping Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Small Functional Organic Molecule Ministry of Education Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang Jiangxi 330022 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chlorogenic Acid Decreases Glutamate Release from Rat Cortical Nerve Terminals by P/Q-Type Ca 2+ Channel Suppression: A Possible Neuroprotective Mechanism. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111447. [PMID: 34768876 PMCID: PMC8583876 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The glutamatergic neurotransmitter system has received substantial attention in research on the pathophysiology and treatment of neurological disorders. The study investigated the effect of the polyphenolic compound chlorogenic acid (CGA) on glutamate release in rat cerebrocortical nerve terminals (synaptosomes). CGA inhibited 4-aminopyridine (4-AP)-induced glutamate release from synaptosomes. This inhibition was prevented in the absence of extracellular Ca2+ and was associated with the inhibition of 4-AP-induced elevation of Ca2+ but was not attributed to changes in synaptosomal membrane potential. In line with evidence observed through molecular docking, CGA did not inhibit glutamate release in the presence of P/Q-type Ca2+ channel inhibitors; therefore, CGA-induced inhibition of glutamate release may be mediated by P/Q-type Ca2+ channels. CGA-induced inhibition of glutamate release was also diminished by the calmodulin and Ca2+/calmodilin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) inhibitors, and CGA reduced the phosphorylation of CaMKII and its substrate, synapsin I. Furthermore, pretreatment with intraperitoneal CGA injection attenuated the glutamate increment and neuronal damage in the rat cortex that were induced by kainic acid administration. These results indicate that CGA inhibits glutamate release from cortical synaptosomes by suppressing P/Q-type Ca2+ channels and CaMKII/synapsin I pathways, thereby preventing excitotoxic damage to cortical neurons.
Collapse
|
30
|
Neuroprotection Mediated by Human Blood Plasma in Mouse Hippocampal Slice Cultures and in Oxidatively Stressed Human Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179567. [PMID: 34502475 PMCID: PMC8430756 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroprotection from oxidative stress is critical during neuronal development and maintenance but also plays a major role in the pathogenesis and potential treatment of various neurological disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. Emerging evidence in the murine system suggests neuroprotective effects of blood plasma on the aged or diseased brain. However, little is known about plasma-mediated effects on human neurons. In the present study, we demonstrate the neuroprotective effect mediated by human plasma and the most abundant plasma–protein human serum albumin against oxidative stress in glutamatergic neurons differentiated from human neural crest-derived inferior turbinate stem cells. We observed a strong neuroprotective effect of human plasma and human serum albumin against oxidative stress-induced neuronal death on the single cell level, similar to the one mediated by tumor necrosis factor alpha. Moreover, we detected neuroprotection of plasma and human serum albumin against kainic acid-induced excitatory stress in ex vivo cultured mouse hippocampal tissue slices. The present study provides deeper insights into plasma-mediated neuroprotection ultimately resulting in the development of novel therapies for a variety of neurological and, in particular, neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
|
31
|
Paudel YN, Angelopoulou E, Piperi C, Gnatkovsky V, Othman I, Shaikh MF. From the Molecular Mechanism to Pre-clinical Results: Anti-epileptic Effects of Fingolimod. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 18:1126-1137. [PMID: 32310049 PMCID: PMC7709153 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x18666200420125017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a devastating neurological condition characterized by long-term tendency to generate unprovoked seizures, affecting around 1-2% of the population worldwide. Epilepsy is a serious health concern which often associates with other neurobehavioral comorbidities that further worsen disease conditions. Despite tremendous research, the mainstream anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) exert only symptomatic relief leading to 30% of untreatable patients. This reflects the complexity of the disease pathogenesis and urges the precise understanding of underlying mechanisms in order to explore novel therapeutic strategies that might alter the disease progression as well as minimize the epilepsy-associated comorbidities. Unfortunately, the development of novel AEDs might be a difficult process engaging huge funds, tremendous scientific efforts and stringent regulatory compliance with a possible chance of end-stage drug failure. Hence, an alternate strategy is drug repurposing, where anti-epileptic effects are elicited from drugs that are already used to treat non-epileptic disorders. Herein, we provide evidence of the anti-epileptic effects of Fingolimod (FTY720), a modulator of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor, USFDA approved already for Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS). Emerging experimental findings suggest that Fingolimod treatment exerts disease-modifying anti-epileptic effects based on its anti-neuroinflammatory properties, potent neuroprotection, anti-gliotic effects, myelin protection, reduction of mTOR signaling pathway and activation of microglia and astrocytes. We further discuss the underlying molecular crosstalk associated with the anti-epileptic effects of Fingolimod and provide evidence for repurposing Fingolimod to overcome the limitations of current AEDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yam Nath Paudel
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Efthalia Angelopoulou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vadym Gnatkovsky
- Unit of Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology, Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Iekhsan Othman
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Farooq Shaikh
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Seyed MA, Ayesha S, Azmi N, Al-Rabae FM, Al-Alawy AI, Al-Zahrani OR, Hawsawi Y. The neuroprotective attribution of Ocimum basilicum: a review on the prevention and management of neurodegenerative disorders. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00295-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Bioactive principles from various natural resources including medicinal herbs have always played a crucial role in healthcare settings and increasingly became key players in drug discovery and development for many biopharmaceutical applications. Additionally, natural products (NPs) have immense arrangement of distinctive chemical structures with diverse functional groups that motivated numerous investigators including synthetic chemists to discover new therapeutic entities. Numerous pre-clinical investigations involving the animal models have evident the usefulness of these NPs against various human diseases including neurodegenerative disorders (NDs).
Main text
Ocimum basilicum Linn (O. basilicum L.), also known as sweet basil, is well practiced in traditional healthcare systems and has been used to treat various human illnesses, which include malaria, skin disease, diarrhea, bronchitis, dysentery, arthritis, eye diseases, and insect bites and emphasize the significance of the ethno-botanical approach as a potential source of novel drug leads With the growing interest in advanced techniques, herbal medicine and medicinal plants explorations are still considered to be a novel resource for new pharmacotherapeutic discovery and development. O. basilicum L and its bioactive principles including apigenin, eugenol, myretenal, β-sitosterol, luteolin, rosmarinic acid, carnosic acid, essential oil (EO)-rich phenolic compounds, and others like anthocyanins and flavones could be of therapeutic values in NDs by exhibiting their neuro-protective efficacy on various signaling pathways. The present comprehensive review collected various related information using the following searching engines such as PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, etc. and focused mainly the English written documents. The search period comprised of last two decades until present.
Conclusion
Although these efficacious plant genera of prime importance and has potential medical and socioeconomic importance, yet the pivotal evidence for its neuroprotective potential in novel clinical trials remains lacking. However, with the available wealth of obtainable literature on this medicinal plant, which supports this review and concludes that O. basilicum L may function as a promising therapeutics for the treatment of NDs.
Collapse
|
33
|
Hsu SK, Hung CF, Yang HC, Weng JR, Wang SJ. TCD, a triterpenoid isolated from wild bitter gourd, reduces synaptosomal release of glutamate and protects against kainic acid-induced neuronal death. Food Funct 2021; 11:9858-9867. [PMID: 33089839 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02039g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
3β,7β,25-Trihydroxycucurbita-5,23(E)-dien-19-al (TCD) is a triterpenoid isolated from wild bitter gourd that is a common tropical vegetable with neuroprotective effects. Because excessive glutamate release is a major cause of neuronal damage in various neurological disorders, the aims of this study were to examine the effect of TCD on glutamate release in vitro and to examine the effect of TCD in vivo. In rat cerebrocortical synaptosomes, TCD reduced 4-aminopyridine (4-AP)-stimulated glutamate release and Ca2+ concentration elevation, but had no effect on plasma membrane potential. TCD-mediated inhibition of 4-AP-induced glutamate release was dependent on the presence of extracellular calcium; persisted in the presence of the glutamate transporter inhibitor dl-TBOA, P/Q-type Ca2+ channel blocker ω-agatoxin IVA, and intracellular Ca2+-releasing inhibitors dantrolene and CGP37157; and was blocked by the vesicular transporter inhibitor bafilomycin A1 and the N-type Ca2+ channel blocker ω-conotoxin GVIA. Molecular docking studies have demonstrated that TCD binds to N-type Ca2+ channels. TCD-mediated inhibition of 4-AP-induced glutamate release was abolished by the Ca2+-dependent protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor Go6976, but was unaffected by the Ca2+-independent PKC inhibitor rottlerin. Furthermore, TCD considerably reduced the phosphorylation of PKC, PKCα, and myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate, a major presynaptic substrate for PKC. In a rat model of kainic acid (KA)-induced excitotoxicity, TCD pretreatment substantially attenuated KA-induced neuronal death in the CA3 hippocampal region. These results suggest that TCD inhibits synaptosomal glutamate release by suppressing N-type Ca2+ channels and PKC activity and exerts protective effects against KA-induced excitotoxicity in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Szu Kai Hsu
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Mazuryk J, Puchalska I, Koziński K, Ślusarz MJ, Ruczyński J, Rekowski P, Rogujski P, Płatek R, Wiśniewska MB, Piotrowski A, Janus Ł, Skowron PM, Pikuła M, Sachadyn P, Rodziewicz-Motowidło S, Czupryn A, Mucha P. PTD4 Peptide Increases Neural Viability in an In Vitro Model of Acute Ischemic Stroke. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116086. [PMID: 34200045 PMCID: PMC8200211 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a disturbance in cerebral blood flow caused by brain tissue ischemia and hypoxia. We optimized a multifactorial in vitro model of acute ischemic stroke using rat primary neural cultures. This model was exploited to investigate the pro-viable activity of cell-penetrating peptides: arginine-rich Tat(49–57)-NH2 (R49KKRRQRRR57-amide) and its less basic analogue, PTD4 (Y47ARAAARQARA57-amide). Our model included glucose deprivation, oxidative stress, lactic acidosis, and excitotoxicity. Neurotoxicity of these peptides was excluded below a concentration of 50 μm, and PTD4-induced pro-survival was more pronounced. Circular dichroism spectroscopy and molecular dynamics (MD) calculations proved potential contribution of the peptide conformational properties to neuroprotection: in MD, Tat(49–57)-NH2 adopted a random coil and polyproline type II helical structure, whereas PTD4 adopted a helical structure. In an aqueous environment, the peptides mostly adopted a random coil conformation (PTD4) or a polyproline type II helical (Tat(49–57)-NH2) structure. In 30% TFE, PTD4 showed a tendency to adopt a helical structure. Overall, the pro-viable activity of PTD4 was not correlated with the arginine content but rather with the peptide’s ability to adopt a helical structure in the membrane-mimicking environment, which enhances its cell membrane permeability. PTD4 may act as a leader sequence in novel drugs for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Mazuryk
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (P.R.); (R.P.); (A.C.)
- Department of Electrode Processes, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (J.M.); (P.M.); Tel.: +48-22-343-2094 (J.M.); +48-58-523-5432 (P.M.)
| | - Izabela Puchalska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (I.P.); (M.J.Ś.); (J.R.); (P.R.); (P.M.S.); (S.R.-M.)
- Institute of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, 80-172 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Kamil Koziński
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (K.K.); (M.B.W.)
| | - Magdalena J. Ślusarz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (I.P.); (M.J.Ś.); (J.R.); (P.R.); (P.M.S.); (S.R.-M.)
| | - Jarosław Ruczyński
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (I.P.); (M.J.Ś.); (J.R.); (P.R.); (P.M.S.); (S.R.-M.)
| | - Piotr Rekowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (I.P.); (M.J.Ś.); (J.R.); (P.R.); (P.M.S.); (S.R.-M.)
| | - Piotr Rogujski
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (P.R.); (R.P.); (A.C.)
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute PAS, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Płatek
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (P.R.); (R.P.); (A.C.)
- Laboratory for Regenerative Biotechnology, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Marta Barbara Wiśniewska
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (K.K.); (M.B.W.)
| | - Arkadiusz Piotrowski
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | | | - Piotr M. Skowron
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (I.P.); (M.J.Ś.); (J.R.); (P.R.); (P.M.S.); (S.R.-M.)
| | - Michał Pikuła
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Embryology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Paweł Sachadyn
- Laboratory for Regenerative Biotechnology, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Sylwia Rodziewicz-Motowidło
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (I.P.); (M.J.Ś.); (J.R.); (P.R.); (P.M.S.); (S.R.-M.)
| | - Artur Czupryn
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (P.R.); (R.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Piotr Mucha
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (I.P.); (M.J.Ś.); (J.R.); (P.R.); (P.M.S.); (S.R.-M.)
- Correspondence: (J.M.); (P.M.); Tel.: +48-22-343-2094 (J.M.); +48-58-523-5432 (P.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Liakath-Ali K, Südhof TC. The Perils of Navigating Activity-Dependent Alternative Splicing of Neurexins. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:659681. [PMID: 33767611 PMCID: PMC7985251 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.659681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurexins are presynaptic cell-adhesion molecules essential for synaptic function that are expressed in thousands of alternatively spliced isoforms. Recent studies suggested that alternative splicing at splice site 4 (SS4) of Nrxn1 is tightly regulated by an activity-dependent mechanism. Given that Nrxn1 alternative splicing at SS4 controls NMDA-receptor-mediated synaptic responses, activity-dependent SS4 alternative splicing would suggest a new synaptic plasticity mechanism. However, conflicting results confound the assessment of neurexin alternative splicing, prompting us to re-evaluate this issue. We find that in cortical cultures, membrane depolarization by elevated extracellular K+-concentrations produced an apparent shift in Nrxn1-SS4 alternative splicing by inducing neuronal but not astroglial cell death, resulting in persistent astroglial Nrxn1-SS4+ expression and decreased neuronal Nrxn1-SS4- expression. in vivo, systemic kainate-induced activation of neurons in the hippocampus produced no changes in Nrxn1-SS4 alternative splicing. Moreover, focal kainate injections into the mouse cerebellum induced small changes in Nrxn1-SS4 alternative splicing that, however, were associated with large decreases in Nrxn1 expression and widespread DNA damage. Our results suggest that although Nrxn1-SS4 alternative splicing may represent a mechanism of activity-dependent synaptic plasticity, common procedures for testing this hypothesis are prone to artifacts, and more sophisticated approaches will be necessary to test this important question.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kif Liakath-Ali
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Thomas C. Südhof
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Feng J, Hao Z, Zhang X, Li M, zhong W, Zhang C, Gharawi A, Alrashood ST, Khan HA. Effect of thiamazole on kainic acid-induced seizures in mice. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:1840-1846. [PMID: 33732070 PMCID: PMC7938111 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Kainic acid (KA) induced epileptic seizures in mice is a commonly used experimental model of epilepsy. Previous studies have suggested the roles of various neurotransmitters and oxidative stress in KA-induced seizures. An important role of hypothyroidism has also been suggested in epilepsy. Thiamazole (TZ) is an anti-hyperthyroid drug with antioxidant property. This study reports the effect of TZ on KA-induced epileptic seizures in mice, produced by intraperitoneal (IP) injection of KA (18 mg/kg). Prior to KA injection, the animals were treated with TZ (12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg IP). Our results showed that in KA alone group, about half of the animals developed seizures. Pre-treatment of mice with TZ significantly increased the frequency of seizures in dose-dependent manner. Administration of TZ significantly reduced the latency time and aggravated the severity of seizures. TZ also increased the mortality in KA-treated mice. Striatal dopamine and serotonin levels were markedly increased in KA alone treated mice, which were not significantly affected by TZ treatment. Among the indices of oxidative stress, we observed a significant reduction in cerebral vitamin E whereas the levels of cerebral malondialdehyde and conjugated dienes were significantly increased in animals with high severity of seizures. In conclusion, TZ potentiated the frequency and severity of experimental seizure in mice. There is a possibility of altered metabolism of KA in presence of TZ that might have potentiated the toxicity of KA. These findings suggest a caution while administering anti-hyperthyroid drugs in epileptic seizures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jigao Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 571199, China
| | - Zheng Hao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Department of ICU, The First People's Hospital of Huaihua City, Huaihua, Hunan 418000, China
| | - Mingxia Li
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Huaihua City, Huaihua, Hunan 418000, China
| | - Wuzhao zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanchang 334 Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330024, China
| | - Caicai Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Hainan Medical University (Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience, Hainan Medical University), Haikou, Hainan 570311, China
- Corresponding author at: Department of Physiology, Hainan Medical University (Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience, Hainan Medical University), Haikou, Hainan 570311, China.
| | - Ali Gharawi
- Department of Central Military Laboratory and Blood Bank, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh 11159, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara T. Alrashood
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haseeb A. Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Rodriguez-Chavez V, Moran J, Molina-Salinas G, Zepeda Ruiz WA, Rodriguez MC, Picazo O, Cerbon M. Participation of Glutamatergic Ionotropic Receptors in Excitotoxicity: The Neuroprotective Role of Prolactin. Neuroscience 2021; 461:180-193. [PMID: 33647379 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Glutamate (Glu) is known as the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. It can trigger a series of processes ranging from synaptic plasticity to neurophysiological regulation. To carry out its functions, Glu acts via interaction with its cognate receptors, which are ligand-dependent. Glutamatergic receptors include ionotropic and metabotropic categories. The first allows the passage of ions through the postsynaptic membrane, while the metabotropic subtype activates signaling cascades through second messengers. It is well known that an excess of extracellular Glu concentration induces overstimulation of ionotropic glutamatergic receptors (iGluRs), causing the excitotoxicity phenomenon that leads to neuronal damage and cell death. Excitotoxicity plays a crucial role in different brain pathologies such as brain strokes, epilepsy and neurodegenerative disorders. However, until now, there are no effective neuroprotective compounds to prevent or rescue neurons from excitotoxicity. Thus, the continuous elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying excitotoxicity in order to prevent damage or neuronal death is necessary. Therefore, the aim of this review was to summarize the current knowledge regarding iGluRs, while describing their structures and molecular mechanisms of action, including their role in excitotoxicity, as well as the current strategies to reduce excitotoxic damage. Particularly, strategies mediated by prolactin, a somatotropin family-related hormone that displays a significant neuroprotective effect against both Glu and kainic acid-induced excitotoxicity in the hippocampus, are described. Finally, the role of prolactin as a possible molecule in the treatment of excitotoxicity in neurological diseases is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Rodriguez-Chavez
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, México 04510, Mexico
| | - J Moran
- División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - G Molina-Salinas
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, México 04510, Mexico
| | - W A Zepeda Ruiz
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, México 04510, Mexico
| | - M C Rodriguez
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, CISEI, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62100, Mexico
| | - O Picazo
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Sto. Tomás, 11340 Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - M Cerbon
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, México 04510, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Martin-Batista E, Maglio LE, Armas-Capote N, Hernández G, Alvarez de la Rosa D, Giraldez T. SGK1.1 limits brain damage after status epilepticus through M current-dependent and independent mechanisms. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 153:105317. [PMID: 33639207 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a neurological condition associated to significant brain damage produced by status epilepticus (SE) including neurodegeneration, gliosis and ectopic neurogenesis. Reduction of these processes constitutes a useful strategy to improve recovery and ameliorate negative outcomes after an initial insult. SGK1.1, the neuronal isoform of the serum and glucocorticoids-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1), has been shown to increase M-current density in neurons, leading to reduced excitability and protection against seizures. For this study, we used 4-5 months old male transgenic C57BL/6 J and FVB/NJ mice expressing near physiological levels of a constitutively active form of the kinase controlled by its endogenous promoter. Here we show that SGK1.1 activation potently reduces levels of neuronal death (assessed using Fluoro-Jade C staining) and reactive glial activation (reported by GFAP and Iba-1 markers) in limbic regions and cortex, 72 h after SE induced by kainate, even in the context of high seizure activity. This neuroprotective effect is not exclusively through M-current activation but is also directly linked to decreased apoptosis levels assessed by TUNEL assays and quantification of Bim and Bcl-xL by western blot of hippocampal protein extracts. Our results demonstrate that this newly described antiapoptotic role of SGK1.1 activation acts synergistically with the regulation of cellular excitability, resulting in a significant reduction of SE-induced brain damage in areas relevant to epileptogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elva Martin-Batista
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna, Campus de Ciencias de la Salud sn, 38200 San Cristobal de La Laguna, Spain; Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas (ITB), Campus de Ciencias de la Salud sn, 38071 San Cristobal de La Laguna, Spain.
| | - Laura E Maglio
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna, Campus de Ciencias de la Salud sn, 38200 San Cristobal de La Laguna, Spain; Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas (ITB), Campus de Ciencias de la Salud sn, 38071 San Cristobal de La Laguna, Spain.
| | - Natalia Armas-Capote
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna, Campus de Ciencias de la Salud sn, 38200 San Cristobal de La Laguna, Spain; Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas (ITB), Campus de Ciencias de la Salud sn, 38071 San Cristobal de La Laguna, Spain.
| | - Guadalberto Hernández
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna, Campus de Ciencias de la Salud sn, 38200 San Cristobal de La Laguna, Spain; Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas (ITB), Campus de Ciencias de la Salud sn, 38071 San Cristobal de La Laguna, Spain.
| | - Diego Alvarez de la Rosa
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna, Campus de Ciencias de la Salud sn, 38200 San Cristobal de La Laguna, Spain; Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas (ITB), Campus de Ciencias de la Salud sn, 38071 San Cristobal de La Laguna, Spain.
| | - Teresa Giraldez
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna, Campus de Ciencias de la Salud sn, 38200 San Cristobal de La Laguna, Spain; Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas (ITB), Campus de Ciencias de la Salud sn, 38071 San Cristobal de La Laguna, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Prosaposin, a neurotrophic factor, protects neurons against kainic acid-induced neurotoxicity. Anat Sci Int 2021; 96:359-369. [PMID: 33534127 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-021-00605-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Prosaposin (PS) is the precursor of four sphingolipid activator proteins, saposin A-D. PS is both a precursor protein and a neuroprotective factor, and is up-regulated in response to excitotoxicity induced by kainic acid (KA), a glutamate analogue. Excess glutamate release induces neuropathological disorders such as ischemia and seizure. Our group's research revealed that PS immunoreactivity (IR) increased significantly in the hippocampal and cortical neurons on day 3 after KA injection, and high PS levels were maintained even after 3 weeks. The increase in PS, but not saposins, as detected by immunoblotting, suggests that the increase in PS-IR after KA injection was not caused by an increase in saposins acting as lysosomal enzymes after neuronal damage but, rather, by an increase in PS as a neurotrophic factor to improve neuronal survival. An 18-mer peptide (PS18) derived from the PS neurotrophic region significantly protected hippocampal neurons against KA-induced destruction. Furthermore, parvalbumin-positive GABAergic inhibitory interneurons and their axons exhibited intense PS expression. These results suggest that axonally transported PS protects damaged hippocampal pyramidal neurons from KA-induced neurotoxicity. Further in vitro studies that include the transfection of the PS gene will help with clarifying the mechanisms underlying the transport and secretion of PS.
Collapse
|
40
|
Kavaye Kandeda A, Okomolo Moto FC, Omam Omam JP, Mbomo Ayissi RE, Ojong L, Ngo Bum E. Pergularia daemia alters epileptogenesis and attenuates cognitive impairment in kainate-treated mice: Insight into anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Epilepsy Behav 2021; 115:107707. [PMID: 33429138 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND About 60% of temporal lobe epilepsies are drug resistant. Thus, medicinal plants are sources of new antiepileptic drugs. Pergularia daemia is used in Cameroon to treat pain, fever, arthritis, infections, and temporal lobe epilepsy. However, there are no scientific reports on the anti-inflammatory activity of P. daemia during epileptogenesis. OBJECTIVE This study aimed at determining the involvement of the anti-inflammatory activity of P. daemia during epileptogenesis in kainate-treated mice. METHODS Status epilepticus was induced in mice with kainate (15 mg/kg; i.p.). Those developing status epilepticus for 2 h were divided and treated once daily, for two weeks, with distilled water (10 ml/kg; p.o.), P. daemia extract (4.9, 12.3, 24.5, and 49 mg/kg; p.o.), and sodium valproate (300 mg/kg; i.p.) or aspirin (20 mg/kg; i.p.). One hour following the last treatment, the susceptibility of mice to seizures was assessed during epileptogenesis with pentylenetetrazole (40 mg/kg; i.p.). Then, mice were subjected to morris water maze, object recognition, and open-field tests. After completion of behavioral analysis, hippocampi and blood were collected for pro-inflammatory markers or histological analysis. RESULTS The extract of P. daemia at all doses significantly reduced the latency and duration of seizures and increased seizure score. P. daemia (24.5 and 49 mg/kg) also prevented SE-induced cognitive impairment. Furthermore, the extract (24.5 and 49 mg/kg) markedly decreased tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukins-1β, and -6 levels in hippocampi or serum. Histological analysis revealed that P. daemia attenuated neuronal loss in CA1 and CA3 areas of the hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that anti-inflammatory mechanisms are involved in the antiepileptogenic effect of P. daemia extract. This justifies therefore its use to treat epilepsy and inflammation in Cameroon traditional folk medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Kavaye Kandeda
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Fleur Clarisse Okomolo Moto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Higher Teachers Training College, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 47, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Jean Pierre Omam Omam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Higher Teachers Training College, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 47, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Rigobert Espoir Mbomo Ayissi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Higher Teachers Training College, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 47, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Lucie Ojong
- Center of Medical Research, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plant Studies, P.O. Box 6163, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Elisabeth Ngo Bum
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, P.O. Box 52, Maroua, Cameroon.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Xu J, Sun M, Li X, Huang L, Gao Z, Gao J, Xie A. MicroRNA expression profiling after recurrent febrile seizures in rat and emerging role of miR-148a-3p/SYNJ1 axis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1262. [PMID: 33441699 PMCID: PMC7806659 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79543-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Febrile seizures (FSs) are common neurological disorders in both infants and children, although the precise underlying mechanism remains to be explored, especially in the expression pattern and function of microRNAs (miRNAs). In this report, we aimed to screen new potential miRNAs and examine the role of miR-148a-3p in hippocampal neurons in FS rats via Synaptojanin-1 (SYNJ1). Thirty rats were randomly divided into the normal and FS model groups, which were investigated by miRNA array. This process identified 31 differentially expressed (20 upregulated and 11 downregulated) miRNAs and potential miRNA target genes. In addition, hippocampal neurons were assigned into five groups for different transfections. Apoptosis was detected by TUNEL and flow cytometry. SYNJ1 was identified as a target gene of miR-148-3p. In vitro experiments revealed that inhibition of miR-148a-3p decreased neuronal cell apoptosis. Moreover, overexpression of miR-148a-3p resulted in activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons. MiR-148a-3p inhibitor could reverse the above events. Taken together, our data demonstrated that the hippocampal miRNA expression profiles of a rat model of FS provide a large database of candidate miRNAs and neuron-related target genes. Furthermore, miR-148a-3p acted as a apoptosis enhcaner via the activation of the SYNJ1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, highlighting a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of infants with hyperthermia-induced brain injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xu
- grid.268079.20000 0004 1790 6079Department of Neurology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261011 China ,grid.268079.20000 0004 1790 6079Department of Clinical Lab, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261011 China
| | - Mingqiang Sun
- grid.268079.20000 0004 1790 6079Department of Clinical Lab, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261011 China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- grid.268079.20000 0004 1790 6079Department of Pediatric, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261011 China
| | - Lei Huang
- grid.239573.90000 0000 9025 8099Department of Cancer Blood Disease, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA
| | - Zhenzhong Gao
- grid.268079.20000 0004 1790 6079Department of Pediatric, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261011 China
| | - Jian Gao
- grid.268079.20000 0004 1790 6079Department of Pediatric, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261011 China
| | - Anmu Xie
- grid.268079.20000 0004 1790 6079Department of Neurology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261011 China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Silymarin Inhibits Glutamate Release and Prevents against Kainic Acid-Induced Excitotoxic Injury in Rats. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8110486. [PMID: 33182349 PMCID: PMC7695262 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8110486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Silymarin, a polyphenoic flavonoid derived from the seeds of milk thistle (Silybum marianum), exhibits neuroprotective effects. In this study, we used a model of rat cerebrocortical synaptosomes to investigate whether silymarin affects the release of glutamate, an essential neurotransmitter involved in excitotoxicity. Its possible neuroprotective effect on a rat model of kainic acid (KA)-induced excitotoxicity was also investigated. In rat cortical synaptosomes, silymarin reduced glutamate release and calcium elevation evoked by the K+ channel blocker 4-aminopyridine but did not affect glutamate release caused by the Na+ channel activator veratridine or the synaptosomal membrane potential. Decreased glutamate release by silymarin was prevented by removal of extracellular calcium and blocking of N- and P/Q-type Ca2+ channel or extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) but not by blocking of intracellular Ca2+ release. Immunoblotting assay results revealed that silymarin reduced 4-aminopyridine-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2. Moreover, systemic treatment of rats with silymarin (50 or 100 mg/kg) 30 min before systemic KA (15 mg/kg) administration attenuated KA-induced seizures, glutamate concentration elevation, neuronal damage, glial activation, and heat shock protein 70 expression as well as upregulated KA-induced decrease in Akt phosphorylation in the rat hippocampus. Taken together, the present study demonstrated that silymarin depressed synaptosomal glutamate release by suppressing voltage-dependent Ca2+ entry and ERK1/2 activity and effectively prevented KA-induced in vivo excitotoxicity.
Collapse
|
43
|
Mosili P, Maikoo S, Mabandla MV, Qulu L. The Pathogenesis of Fever-Induced Febrile Seizures and Its Current State. Neurosci Insights 2020; 15:2633105520956973. [PMID: 33225279 PMCID: PMC7649866 DOI: 10.1177/2633105520956973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Febrile seizures, commonly in children between the ages of 3 months to 5 years, are a neurological abnormality characterized by neuronal hyper-excitability, that occur as a result of an increased core body temperature during a fever, which was caused by an underlying systemic infection. Such infections cause the immune system to elicit an inflammatory response resulting in the release of cytokines from macrophages. The cytokines such as interleukin (IL)- 1β, IL-6, and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) combat the infection in the localized area ultimately spilling over into circulation resulting in elevated cytokine levels. The cytokines, along with pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) expressed on pathogens for example, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), interact with the blood brain barrier (BBB) causing a ‘leaky’ BBB which facilitates cytokines and LPS entry into the central nervous system. The cytokines activate the microglia which release their own cytokines, specifically IL1β. IL-β interacts with the brain endothelium resulting in the activation of cyclooxygenase 2 which catalyzes the production of prostaglandin 2 (PGE2). PGE2 enters the hypothalamic region and induces a fever. Abnormally increased IL-1β levels also progressively increases excitatory (glutamatergic) neurotransmission, and decreases inhibitory (GABAergic) neurotransmission, thus mediating the pathogenesis of convulsions. Current treatments for febrile seizures present with side effects that are detrimental to health, which fosters the need for an alternative, more affordable treatment with fewer adverse side effects, and 1 that is easily accessible, especially in low income areas that are also affected by other underlying socio-economic factors, in which febrile seizures are of growing concern.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Palesa Mosili
- University of KwaZulu-Natal College of Health Sciences, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Shreyal Maikoo
- University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | | | - Lihle Qulu
- University of KwaZulu-Natal College of Health Sciences, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Lelios I, Cansever D, Utz SG, Mildenberger W, Stifter SA, Greter M. Emerging roles of IL-34 in health and disease. J Exp Med 2020; 217:133604. [PMID: 31940023 PMCID: PMC7062519 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20190290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are part of the innate immune system and are present in every organ of the body. They fulfill critical roles in tissue homeostasis and development and are involved in various pathologies. An essential factor for the development, homeostasis, and function of mononuclear phagocytes is the colony stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R), which has two known ligands: CSF-1 and interleukin-34 (IL-34). While CSF-1 has been extensively studied, the biology and functions of IL-34 are only now beginning to be uncovered. In this review, we discuss recent advances of IL-34 biology in health and disease with a specific focus on mononuclear phagocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iva Lelios
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dilay Cansever
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian G Utz
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wiebke Mildenberger
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian A Stifter
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Greter
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Schulz A, Sekine Y, Oyeyemi MJ, Abrams AJ, Basavaraju M, Han SM, Groth M, Morrison H, Strittmatter SM, Hammarlund M. The stress-responsive gene GDPGP1/mcp-1 regulates neuronal glycogen metabolism and survival. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:133634. [PMID: 31968056 PMCID: PMC7041677 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201807127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Maladaptive responses to stress might play a role in the sensitivity of neurons to stress. To identify novel cellular responses to stress, we performed transcriptional analysis in acutely stressed mouse neurons, followed by functional characterization in Caenorhabditis elegans. In both contexts, we found that the gene GDPGP1/mcp-1 is down-regulated by a variety of stresses. Functionally, the enzyme GDPGP1/mcp-1 protects against stress. Knockdown of GDPGP1 in mouse neurons leads to widespread neuronal cell death. Loss of mcp-1, the single homologue of GDPGP1 in C. elegans, leads to increased degeneration of GABA neurons as well as reduced survival of animals following environmental stress. Overexpression of mcp-1 in neurons enhances survival under hypoxia and protects against neurodegeneration in a tauopathy model. GDPGP1/mcp-1 regulates neuronal glycogen levels, indicating a key role for this metabolite in neuronal stress resistance. Together, our data indicate that down-regulation of GDPGP1/mcp-1 and consequent loss of neuronal glycogen is a maladaptive response that limits neuronal stress resistance and reduces survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Schulz
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Yuichi Sekine
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT.,Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Motunrayo J Oyeyemi
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Alexander J Abrams
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Manasa Basavaraju
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Sung Min Han
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Marco Groth
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Helen Morrison
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Stephen M Strittmatter
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT.,Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Marc Hammarlund
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar M, Hosseinzadeh H. Therapeutic effects of rosemary ( Rosmarinus officinalis L.) and its active constituents on nervous system disorders. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020; 23:1100-1112. [PMID: 32963731 PMCID: PMC7491497 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2020.45269.10541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) is an evergreen bushy shrub which grows along the Mediterranean Sea, and sub-Himalayan areas. In folk medicine, it has been used as an antispasmodic, mild analgesic, to cure intercostal neuralgia, headaches, migraine, insomnia emotional upset, and depression. Different investigations have highlighted rosemary neuropharmacological properties as their main topics. Rosemary has significant antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic, anti-tumorigenic, antinociceptive, and neuroprotective properties. Furthermore, it shows important clinical effects on mood, learning, memory, pain, anxiety, and sleep. The aim of the current work is to review the potential neuropharmacological effects of different rosemary extracts and its active constituents on nervous system disorders, their relevant mechanisms and its preclinical application to recall the therapeutic potential of this herb and more directions of future research projects. The data were gathered by searching the English articles in PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. The keywords used as search terms were 'Rosmarinus officinalis', 'rosemary', 'nervous system', 'depression', 'memory', 'Alzheimer's disease' 'epilepsy', 'addiction', 'neuropathic pain', and 'disorders'. All kinds of related articles, abstracts and books were included. No time limitation was considered. Both in vitro and in vivo studies were subjected to this investigation. This review authenticates that rosemary has appeared as a worthy source for curing inflammation, analgesic, anti-anxiety, and memory boosting. It also arranges new perception for further investigations on isolated constituents, especially carnosic acid, rosmarinic acid, and essential oil to find exquisite therapeutics and support drug discovery with fewer side effects to help people suffering from nervous system disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Ruan Y, Qiu X, Lv YD, Dong D, Wu XJ, Zhu J, Zheng XY. Kainic acid Induces production and aggregation of amyloid β-protein and memory deficits by activating inflammasomes in NLRP3- and NF-κB-stimulated pathways. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:3795-3810. [PMID: 31182681 PMCID: PMC6594814 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Kainic acid (KA) treatment causes neuronal degeneration, which is a feature of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) symptoms such as amyloid β-protein production and memory deficits. Inflammasomes are known to be critical for the progression of AD. However, the underlying mechanism by which inflammasomes influence AD progression remains unknown. The present study investigated the damaging effect of KA on neurons by focusing on the inflammasome-mediated signaling pathways. Assessments using cultured microglia and mouse brains demonstrated that KA treatment specifically induced inflammasome activation. Mechanistic evaluations showed that KA activated two major components of inflammasomes, nucleotide binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor (NLR) protein 3 (NLRP3) and nuclear factor (NF)-κB, which resulted in the production of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Inhibition of NLRP3 or NF-κB by Bay11-7082 caused a reduction in the KA-induced expression of interleukin (IL)-1β and BDNF. Moreover, knockdown of the expression of KA receptors (KARs) such as Grik1 and Grik3 induced suppression of NLRP3 and NF-κB, suggesting that KARs function upstream of NLRP3 and NF-κB to mediate the effects of KA on regulation of IL-1β and BDNF expression. Notably, IL-1β was shown to exert positive effects on the expression of BACE1, which is blocked by Bay11-7082. Overall, our results revealed that Bay11-7082 acts against KA-induced neuronal degeneration, amyloid β-protein (Aβ) deposition, and memory defects via inflammasomes and further highlighted the protective role of Bay11-7082 in KA-induced neuronal defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xiang Qiu
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yu-Dan Lv
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Dong Dong
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xiu-Juan Wu
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.,, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 141 86, Sweden
| | - Xiang-Yu Zheng
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Marine Excitatory Amino Acids: Structure, Properties, Biosynthesis and Recent Approaches to Their Syntheses. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25133049. [PMID: 32635311 PMCID: PMC7412112 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25133049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This review considers the results of recent studies on marine excitatory amino acids, including kainic acid, domoic acid, dysiherbaine, and neodysiherbaine A, known as potent agonists of one of subtypes of glutamate receptors, the so-called kainate receptors. Novel information, particularly concerning biosynthesis, environmental roles, biological action, and syntheses of these marine metabolites, obtained mainly in last 10–15 years, is summarized. The goal of the review was not only to discuss recently obtained data, but also to provide a brief introduction to the field of marine excitatory amino acid research.
Collapse
|
49
|
Srivastava A, Liachenko S, Sarkar S, Paule M, Negi G, Pandey JP, Hanig JP. Quantitative Neurotoxicology: An Assessment of the Neurotoxic Profile of Kainic Acid in Sprague Dawley Rats. Int J Toxicol 2020; 39:294-306. [PMID: 32468881 DOI: 10.1177/1091581820928497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study consisted of a qualitative and quantitative assessment of neuropathological changes in kainic acid (KA)-treated adult male rats. Rats were administered a single 10 mg/kg intraperitoneal injection of KA or the same volume of saline and sacrificed 24 or 48 hours posttreatment. Brains were collected, sectioned coronally (∼ 81 slices), and stained with amino cupric silver to reveal degenerative changes. For qualitative assessment of neural degeneration, sectioned material was evaluated by a board-certified pathologist, and the level of degeneration was graded based upon a 4-point scale. For measurement of quantitative neural degeneration in response to KA treatment, the HALO digital image analysis software tool was used. Quantitative measurements of specific regions within the brain were obtained from silver-stained tissue sections with quantitation based on stain color and optical density. This quantitative evaluation method identified degeneration primarily in the cerebral cortex, septal nuclei, amygdala, olfactory bulb, hippocampus, thalamus, and hypothalamus. The KA-produced neuronal degeneration in the cortex was primarily in the piriform, insular, rhinal, and cingulate areas. In the hippocampus, the dentate gyrus was found to be the most affected area. Our findings indicate global neurotoxicity due to KA treatment. Certain brain structures exhibited more degeneration than others, reflecting differential sensitivity or vulnerability of neurons to KA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Serguei Liachenko
- National Center for Toxicological Research, NCTR/DNT, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Sumit Sarkar
- National Center for Toxicological Research, NCTR/DNT, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Merle Paule
- National Center for Toxicological Research, NCTR/DNT, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Geeta Negi
- US Food and Drug Administration, CDER/OPQ, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Jai P Pandey
- US Food and Drug Administration, CDER/OPQ, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Joseph P Hanig
- US Food and Drug Administration, CDER/OPQ, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Lee CH. Change of Nurr1 expression in mouse hippocampal CA3 region following excitotoxic neuronal damage. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020; 23:202-205. [PMID: 32405363 PMCID: PMC7211359 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2019.38712.9177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective(s): Nuclear receptor-related protein 1 (Nurr1), one of immediate-early genes, is a member of orphan nuclear receptor family. The aim of this study was to investigate the time-dependent change of Nurr1 protein expression in the mouse hippocampal CA3 region following kainic acid (KA)-induced excitotoxic neuronal damage. Materials and Methods: Male ICR mice were used as experimental animals, and 30 mg/kg KA was administered intraperitoneally. To confirm the KA-induced neuronal damage in the hippocampal CA3 region, Fluoro-Jade B histofluorescence staining was performed. In addition, the time-dependent change of Nurr1 protein expression was also examined using immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. Results: Marked neuronal damage was observed in the hippocampal CA3 region at 24 hr after KA injection. In addition, both Nurr1 immunoreactivity and protein level were significantly increased at 6 hr and 12 hr after KA injection, and then decreased at 24 hr after KA injection. Conclusion: This result indicates that KA-induced alteration of Nurr1 protein expression may be associated with the neuronal degeneration in the hippocampal CA3 region after KA injection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Choong-Hyun Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|