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Bhandari UR, Danish SM, Ahmad S, Ikram M, Nadaf A, Hasan N, Kesharwani P, Ahmad FJ. New opportunities for antioxidants in amelioration of neurodegenerative diseases. Mech Ageing Dev 2024:111961. [PMID: 38960099 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2024.111961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
This comprehensive review elucidates the critical role of antioxidants to mitigate oxidative stress, a common denominator in an array of neurodegenerative disorders. Oxidative stress-induced damage has been linked to the development of diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. This article examines a wide range of scientific literature and methodically delineates the several methods by which antioxidants exercise their neuroprotective benefits. It also explores into the complex relationship between oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, focusing on how antioxidants can alter signaling pathways and transcription factors to slow neurodegenerative processes. Key antioxidants, such as vitamins C and E, glutathione, and polyphenolic compounds, are tested for their ability to combat reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. The dual character of antioxidants, which operate as both direct free radical scavengers and regulators of cellular redox homeostasis, is investigated in terms of therapeutic potential. Furthermore, the study focuses on new antioxidant-based therapy techniques and their mechanisms including Nrf-2, PCG1α, Thioredoxin etc., which range from dietary interventions to targeted antioxidant molecules. Insights into ongoing clinical studies evaluating antioxidant therapies in neurodegenerative illnesses offer an insight into the translational potential of antioxidant research. Finally, this review summarizes our present understanding of antioxidant processes in neurodegenerative illnesses, providing important possibilities for future study and treatment development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uttam Raj Bhandari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062 India
| | - Syed Mohammad Danish
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062 India
| | - Shadaan Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062 India
| | - Mohammad Ikram
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062 India
| | - Arif Nadaf
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062 India
| | - Nazeer Hasan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062 India.
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062 India.
| | - Farhan J Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062 India.
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Sengking J, Mahakkanukrauh P. The underlying mechanism of calcium toxicity-induced autophagic cell death and lysosomal degradation in early stage of cerebral ischemia. Anat Cell Biol 2024; 57:155-162. [PMID: 38680098 PMCID: PMC11184419 DOI: 10.5115/acb.24.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia is the important cause of worldwide disability and mortality, that is one of the obstruction of blood vessels supplying to the brain. In early stage, glutamate excitotoxicity and high level of intracellular calcium (Ca2+) are the major processes which can promote many downstream signaling involving in neuronal death and brain tissue damaging. Moreover, autophagy, the reusing of damaged cell organelles, is affected in early ischemia. Under ischemic conditions, autophagy plays an important role to maintain energy of the brain and its function. In the other hand, over intracellular Ca2+ accumulation triggers excessive autophagic process and lysosomal degradation leading to autophagic process impairment which finally induce neuronal death. This article reviews the association between intracellular Ca2+ and autophagic process in acute stage of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirakhamon Sengking
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pasuk Mahakkanukrauh
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Excellence in Osteology Research and Training Center (ORTC), Chaing Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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3
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Vaglio-Garro A, Kozlov AV, Smirnova YD, Weidinger A. Pathological Interplay between Inflammation and Mitochondria Aggravates Glutamate Toxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2276. [PMID: 38396952 PMCID: PMC10889519 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and glutamate toxicity are associated with neural disorders, including brain trauma. A review of the literature suggests that toxic and transmission actions of neuronal glutamate are spatially and functionally separated. The transmission pathway utilizes synaptic GluN2A receptors, rapidly released pool of glutamate, evoked release of glutamate mediated by Synaptotagmin 1 and the amount of extracellular glutamate regulated by astrocytes. The toxic pathway utilizes extrasynaptic GluN2B receptors and a cytoplasmic pool of glutamate, which results from the spontaneous release of glutamate mediated by Synaptotagmin 7 and the neuronal 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (OGDHC), a tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzyme. Additionally, the inhibition of OGDHC observed upon neuro-inflammation is due to an excessive release of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species by immune cells. The loss of OGDHC inhibits uptake of glutamate by mitochondria, thus facilitating its extracellular accumulation and stimulating toxic glutamate pathway without affecting transmission. High levels of extracellular glutamate lead to dysregulation of intracellular redox homeostasis and cause ferroptosis, excitotoxicity, and mitochondrial dysfunction. The latter affects the transmission pathway demanding high-energy supply and leading to cell death. Mitochondria aggravate glutamate toxicity due to impairments in the TCA cycle and become a victim of glutamate toxicity, which disrupts oxidative phosphorylation. Thus, therapies targeting the TCA cycle in neurological disorders may be more efficient than attempting to preserve mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Vaglio-Garro
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, 1200 Vienna, Austria; (A.V.-G.); (Y.D.S.); (A.W.)
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrey V. Kozlov
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, 1200 Vienna, Austria; (A.V.-G.); (Y.D.S.); (A.W.)
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Yuliya D. Smirnova
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, 1200 Vienna, Austria; (A.V.-G.); (Y.D.S.); (A.W.)
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394036 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Adelheid Weidinger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, 1200 Vienna, Austria; (A.V.-G.); (Y.D.S.); (A.W.)
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
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4
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Neff MJ, Reddy DS. Long-Term Neuropsychiatric Developmental Defects after Neonatal Organophosphate Exposure: Mitigation by Synthetic Neurosteroids. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2024; 388:451-468. [PMID: 37863488 PMCID: PMC10806574 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.123.001763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Children are much more susceptible to the neurotoxic effects of organophosphate (OP) pesticides and nerve agents than adults. OP poisoning in children leads to acute seizures and neuropsychiatric sequela, including the development of long-term disabilities and cognitive impairments. Despite these risks, there are few chronic rodent models that use pediatric OP exposure for studying neurodevelopmental consequences and interventions. Here, we investigated the protective effect of the neurosteroid ganaxolone (GX) on the long-term developmental impact of neonatal exposure to the OP compound, diisopropyl-fluorophosphate (DFP). Pediatric postnatal day-28 rats were acutely exposed to DFP, and at 3 and 10 months after exposure, they were evaluated using a series of cognitive and behavioral tests with or without the postexposure treatment of GX. Analysis of the neuropathology was performed after 10 months. DFP-exposed animals displayed significant long-term deficits in mood, anxiety, depression, and aggressive traits. In spatial and nonspatial cognitive tests, they displayed striking impairments in learning and memory. Analysis of brain sections showed significant loss of neuronal nuclei antigen(+) principal neurons, parvalbumin(+) inhibitory interneurons, and neurogenesis, along with increased astrogliosis, microglial neuroinflammation, and mossy fiber sprouting. These detrimental neuropathological changes are consistent with behavioral dysfunctions. In the neurosteroid GX-treated cohort, behavioral and cognitive deficits were significantly reduced and were associated with strong protection against long-term neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. In conclusion, this pediatric model replicates the salient features of children exposed to OPs, and the protective outcomes from neurosteroid intervention support the viability of developing this strategy for mitigating the long-term effects of acute OP exposure in children. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: An estimated 3 million organophosphate exposures occur annually worldwide, with children comprising over 30% of all victims. Our understanding of the neurodevelopmental consequences in children exposed to organophosphates is limited. Here, we investigated the long-term impact of neonatal exposure to diisopropyl-fluorophosphate in pediatric rats. Neurosteroid treatment protected against major deficits in behavior and memory and was well correlated with neuropathological changes. Overall, this pediatric model is helpful to screen novel therapies to mitigate long-term developmental deficits of organophosphate exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael James Neff
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics (M.J.N., D.S.R.) and Institute of Pharmacology and Neurotherapeutics (M.J.N., D.S.R.), School of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas
| | - Doodipala Samba Reddy
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics (M.J.N., D.S.R.) and Institute of Pharmacology and Neurotherapeutics (M.J.N., D.S.R.), School of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas
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Pan X, Giustarini D, Lang F, Rossi R, Wieder T, Köberle M, Ghashghaeinia M. Desipramine induces eryptosis in human erythrocytes, an effect blunted by nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside and N-acetyl-L-cysteine but enhanced by Calcium depletion. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:1827-1853. [PMID: 37522842 PMCID: PMC10599211 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2023.2234177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Desipramine a representative of tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) promotes recovery of depressed patients by inhibition of reuptake of neurotransmitters serotonin (SER) and norepinephrine (NE) in the presynaptic membrane by directly blocking their respective transporters SERT and NET.Aims: To study the effect of desipramine on programmed erythrocyte death (eryptosis) and explore the underlying mechanisms.Methods: Phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure on the cell surface as marker of cell death was estimated from annexin-V-binding, cell volume from forward scatter in flow cytometry. Hemolysis was determined photometrically, and intracellular glutathione [GSH]i from high performance liquid chromatography.Results: Desipramine dose-dependently significantly enhanced the percentage of annexin-V-binding cells and didn´t impact glutathione (GSH) synthesis. Desipramine-induced eryptosis was significantly reversed by pre-treatment of erythrocytes with either nitric oxide (NO) donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) or N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). The highest inhibitory effect was obtained by using both inhibitors together. Calcium (Ca2+) depletion aggravated desipramine-induced eryptosis. Changing the order of treatment, i.e. desipramine first followed by inhibitors, could not influence the inhibitory effect of SNP or NAC.Conclusion: Antidepressants-caused intoxication can be treated by SNP and NAC, respectively. B) Patients with chronic hypocalcemia should not be treated with tricyclic anti-depressants or their dose should be noticeably reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Pan
- Physiological Institute, Department of Vegetative and Clinical Physiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Daniela Giustarini
- Department of Biotechnology Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Florian Lang
- Physiological Institute, Department of Vegetative and Clinical Physiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ranieri Rossi
- Department of Biotechnology Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Thomas Wieder
- Physiological Institute, Department of Vegetative and Clinical Physiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Köberle
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany
| | - Mehrdad Ghashghaeinia
- Physiological Institute, Department of Vegetative and Clinical Physiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Escobar I, Xu J, Jackson CW, Stegelmann SD, Fagerli EA, Dave KR, Perez-Pinzon MA. Resveratrol Preconditioning Protects Against Ischemia-Induced Synaptic Dysfunction and Cofilin Hyperactivation in the Mouse Hippocampal Slice. Neurotherapeutics 2023; 20:1177-1197. [PMID: 37208551 PMCID: PMC10457274 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-023-01386-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Perturbations in synaptic function are major determinants of several neurological diseases and have been associated with cognitive impairments after cerebral ischemia (CI). Although the mechanisms underlying CI-induced synaptic dysfunction have not been well defined, evidence suggests that early hyperactivation of the actin-binding protein, cofilin, plays a role. Given that synaptic impairments manifest shortly after CI, prophylactic strategies may offer a better approach to prevent/mitigate synaptic damage following an ischemic event. Our laboratory has previously demonstrated that resveratrol preconditioning (RPC) promotes cerebral ischemic tolerance, with many groups highlighting beneficial effects of resveratrol treatment on synaptic and cognitive function in other neurological conditions. Herein, we hypothesized that RPC would mitigate hippocampal synaptic dysfunction and pathological cofilin hyperactivation in an ex vivo model of ischemia. Various electrophysiological parameters and synaptic-related protein expression changes were measured under normal and ischemic conditions utilizing acute hippocampal slices derived from adult male mice treated with resveratrol (10 mg/kg) or vehicle 48 h prior. Remarkably, RPC significantly increased the latency to anoxic depolarization, decreased cytosolic calcium accumulation, prevented aberrant increases in synaptic transmission, and rescued deficits in long-term potentiation following ischemia. Additionally, RPC upregulated the expression of the activity-regulated cytoskeleton associated protein, Arc, which was partially required for RPC-mediated attenuation of cofilin hyperactivation. Taken together, these findings support a role for RPC in mitigating CI-induced excitotoxicity, synaptic dysfunction, and pathological over-activation of cofilin. Our study provides further insight into mechanisms underlying RPC-mediated neuroprotection against CI and implicates RPC as a promising strategy to preserve synaptic function after ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Escobar
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, PO Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, PO Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, PO Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
| | - Jing Xu
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, PO Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, PO Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, PO Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
| | - Charles W Jackson
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, PO Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, PO Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, PO Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
| | - Samuel D Stegelmann
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, PO Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, PO Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
| | - Eric A Fagerli
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, PO Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, PO Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, PO Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
| | - Kunjan R Dave
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, PO Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, PO Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, PO Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
| | - Miguel A Perez-Pinzon
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, PO Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, PO Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA.
- Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, PO Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA.
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ALNasser MN, AlSaadi AM, Whitby A, Kim DH, Mellor IR, Carter WG. Acai Berry ( Euterpe sp.) Extracts Are Neuroprotective against L-Glutamate-Induced Toxicity by Limiting Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Cellular Redox Stress. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13041019. [PMID: 37109548 PMCID: PMC10144606 DOI: 10.3390/life13041019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant accumulation of the neurotransmitter L-glutamate (L-Glu) has been implicated as a mechanism of neurodegeneration, and the release of L-Glu after stroke onset leads to a toxicity cascade that results in neuronal death. The acai berry (Euterpe oleracea) is a potential dietary nutraceutical. The aim of this research was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of acai berry aqueous and ethanolic extracts to reduce the neurotoxicity to neuronal cells triggered by L-Glu application. L-Glu and acai berry effects on cell viability were quantified using 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays, and effects on cellular bioenergetics were assessed via quantitation of the levels of cellular ATP, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in neuroblastoma cells. Cell viability was also evaluated in human cortical neuronal progenitor cell culture after L-Glu or/and acai berry application. In isolated cells, activated currents using patch-clamping were employed to determine whether L-Glu neurotoxicity was mediated by ionotropic L-Glu-receptors (iGluRs). L-Glu caused a significant reduction in cell viability, ATP, and MMP levels and increased ROS production. The co-application of both acai berry extracts with L-Glu provided neuroprotection against L-Glu with sustained cell viability, decreased LDH production, restored ATP and MMP levels, and reduced ROS levels. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings showed that L-Glu toxicity is not mediated by the activation of iGluRs in neuroblastoma cells. Fractionation and analysis of acai berry extracts with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry identified several phytochemical antioxidants that may have provided neuroprotective effects. In summary, the acai berry contains nutraceuticals with antioxidant activity that may be a beneficial dietary component to limit pathological deficits triggered by excessive L-Glu accumulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam N ALNasser
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box No. 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
- School of Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Ayman M AlSaadi
- School of Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Alison Whitby
- Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Centre for Analytical Bioscience, Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Ian R Mellor
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Wayne G Carter
- School of Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3DT, UK
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Lin Q, Chen L, Zheng H, Tan H, Zhang G, Zheng W. Imaging of nerve injury in neonatal acute bilirubin encephalopathy using 1H-MRS and Glu-CEST techniques. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1110349. [PMID: 37056307 PMCID: PMC10086169 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1110349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
ObjectivesTo investigate the significance of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) and glutamate chemical exchange saturation transfer (Glu-CEST) techniques in assessing the condition and prognosis of acute bilirubin encephalopathy patients and to understand the mechanism of nerve injury in this disease.Materials and methodsFrom September 2019 to February 2021, 31 neonates with acute bilirubin encephalopathy and 16 healthy neonates were enrolled in this study. All the quantitative results of 1H-MRS, Glu-CEST, and conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of all neonates were analyzed. The associations between statistically significant indicators of imaging and developmental quotients (DQ) were analyzed.ResultsThe 31 cases were assigned to the mild subgroup (n = 21) and moderate and severe subgroup (n = 10) according to the bilirubin-induced neurologic dysfunction (BIND) scores. The case group had elevated Cho and GABA absolute concentrations compared to the normal control group (all p < 0.05). Compared with the normal control group, the absolute concentration of GABA of the moderate and severe subgroup was significantly larger (p < 0.05). Compared with the normal control group, the Glu-CEST% values in the left basal ganglia, right thalamus, left frontal cortex and bilateral medial geniculate body of the case group was significantly larger (all p < 0.05). The moderate and severe subgroup had higher Glu-CEST% values in the left basal ganglia, right thalamus, and bilateral medial geniculate body than the normal control group (all p < 0.05). A negative association was revealed between the DQ scores and the Glu-CEST% values in the left basal ganglia (r = −0.888, p < 0.05).ConclusionThe combination of 1H-MRS and Glu-CEST techniques can monitor the intracerebral metabolite level of acute bilirubin encephalopathy and evaluate the illness severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihuan Lin
- Imaging Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lanmei Chen
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongyi Zheng
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Tan
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Gengbiao Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenbin Zheng
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Wenbin Zheng,
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9
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Dahal A, Govindarajan K, Kar S. Administration of Kainic Acid Differentially Alters Astrocyte Markers and Transiently Enhanced Phospho-tau Level in Adult Rat Hippocampus. Neuroscience 2023; 516:27-41. [PMID: 36805001 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Kainic acid (KA), an analogue of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate, when administered systemically can trigger seizures and neuronal loss in a manner that mirrors the neuropathology of human mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE), which affects ∼50 million people globally. Evidence suggests that changes in astrocytes which precede neuronal damage play an important role in the degeneration of neurons and/or development of seizures in TLE pathogenesis. Additionally, a role for microtubule associated tau protein, involved in various neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, has also been suggested in the development of seizure and/or neurodegeneration in TLE pathogenesis. At present, possible alterations of different subtypes of astrocytes and their association, if any, with tau protein in TLE remain unclear. In this study, we evaluated alterations of different subtypes of astrocytes and phospho-/cleaved-tau levels in KA-treated rat model of TLE. Our results reveal that levels/expression of various astrocyte markers such as GFAP, vimentin, S100B, Aldh1L1, but not GS, are increased in the hippocampus of KA-treated rats. The levels/expression of both A1(C3+) and A2(S100A10+)-like astrocytes are also increased in KA-treated rats. Concurrently, the total (Tau1 and Tau5) and phospho-tau (AT270 and PHF1) levels are transiently enhanced following KA administration. Furthermore, the level/expression of cleaved-tau, which is apparent in a subset of GFAP-, S100B- and A2-positive astrocytes, are increased in KA-treated rats. These results, taken together, suggest a differential role for various astrocytic subpopulations and tau protein in the development of seizure and/or loss of neurons in KA model of TLE and possibly in human mTLE pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Dahal
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M8, Canada; Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Disease, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M8, Canada
| | - Karthivashan Govindarajan
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Disease, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M8, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M8, Canada
| | - Satyabrata Kar
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M8, Canada; Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Disease, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M8, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M8, Canada.
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10
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Chopade P, Chopade N, Zhao Z, Mitragotri S, Liao R, Chandran Suja V. Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease therapies in the clinic. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10367. [PMID: 36684083 PMCID: PMC9842041 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases, affecting millions and costing billions each year in the United States alone. Despite tremendous progress in developing therapeutics that manage the symptoms of these two diseases, the scientific community has yet to develop a treatment that effectively slows down, inhibits, or cures neurodegeneration. To gain a better understanding of the current therapeutic frontier for the treatment of AD and PD, we provide a review on past and present therapeutic strategies for these two major neurodegenerative disorders in the clinical trial process. We briefly recap currently US Food and Drug Administration-approved therapies, and then explore trends in clinical trials across the variables of therapy mechanism of disease intervention, administration route, use of delivery vehicle, and outcome measures, across the clinical phases over time for "Drug" and "Biologic" therapeutics. We then present the success rate of past clinical trials and analyze the intersections in therapeutic approaches for AD and PD, revealing the shift in clinical trials away from therapies targeting neurotransmitter systems that provide symptomatic relief, and towards anti-aggregation, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and regeneration strategies that aim to inhibit the root causes of disease progression. We also highlight the evolving distribution of the types of "Biologic" therapies investigated, and the slowly increasing yet still severe under-utilization of delivery vehicles for AD and PD therapeutics. We then briefly discuss novel preclinical strategies for treating AD and PD. Overall, this review aims to provide a succinct overview of the clinical landscape of AD and PD therapies to better understand the field's therapeutic strategy in the past and the field's evolution in approach to the present, to better inform how to effectively treat AD and PD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zongmin Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of PharmacyUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired EngineeringCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Rick Liao
- School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired EngineeringCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Vineeth Chandran Suja
- School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired EngineeringCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
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11
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Brain-Derived Estrogen and Neurological Disorders. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11121698. [PMID: 36552208 PMCID: PMC9774965 DOI: 10.3390/biology11121698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes and neurons in the male and female brains produce the neurosteroid brain-derived 17β-estradiol (BDE2) from androgen precursors. In this review, we discuss evidence that suggest BDE2 has a role in a number of neurological conditions, such as focal and global cerebral ischemia, traumatic brain injury, excitotoxicity, epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Much of what we have learned about BDE2 in neurological disorders has come from use of aromatase inhibitors and global aromatase knockout mice. Recently, our group developed astrocyte- and neuron-specific aromatase knockout mice, which have helped to clarify the precise functions of astrocyte-derived 17β-estradiol (ADE2) and neuron-derived 17β-estradiol (NDE2) in the brain. The available evidence to date suggests a primarily beneficial role of BDE2 in facilitating neuroprotection, synaptic and cognitive preservation, regulation of reactive astrocyte and microglia activation, and anti-inflammatory effects. Most of these beneficial effects appear to be due to ADE2, which is induced in most neurological disorders, but there is also recent evidence that NDE2 exerts similar beneficial effects. Furthermore, in certain situations, BDE2 may also have deleterious effects, as recent evidence suggests its overproduction in epilepsy contributes to seizure induction. In this review, we examine the current state of this quickly developing topic, as well as possible future studies that may be required to provide continuing growth in the field.
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12
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Riche K, Lenard NR. Quercetin's Effects on Glutamate Cytotoxicity. Molecules 2022; 27:7620. [PMID: 36364448 PMCID: PMC9657878 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The potentially therapeutic effects of the naturally abundant plant flavonoid quercetin have been extensively studied. An extensive body of literature suggests that quercetin's powerful antioxidant effects may relate to its ability to treat disease. Glutamate excitotoxicity occurs when a neuron is overstimulated by the neurotransmitter glutamate and causes dysregulation of intracellular calcium concentrations. Quercetin has been shown to be preventative against many forms of neuronal cell death resulting from glutamate excitotoxicity, such as oncosis, intrinsic apoptosis, mitochondrial permeability transition, ferroptosis, phagoptosis, lysosomal cell death, parthanatos, and death by reactive oxygen species (ROS)/reactive nitrogen species (RNS) generation. The clinical importance for the attenuation of glutamate excitotoxicity arises from the need to deter the continuous formation of tissue infarction caused by various neurological diseases, such as ischemic stroke, seizures, neurodegenerative diseases, and trauma. This review aims to summarize what is known concerning glutamate physiology and glutamate excitotoxic pathophysiology and provide further insight into quercetin's potential to hinder neuronal death caused by cell death pathways activated by glutamate excitotoxicity. Quercetin's bioavailability may limit its use clinically, however. Thus, future research into ways to increase its bioavailability are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalie R. Lenard
- Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, Franciscan Missionaries of Our Lady University, 5414 Brittany Drive, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
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13
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Dubey Tiwari K, Sharma G, Prakash M, Parihar M, Dawane V. Effects of high glutamate concentrations on mitochondria of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2022; 81:457-465. [PMID: 36252868 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The excess amount of glutamate in neurons is associated with the excitotoxicity and neurodegenerative diseases. Glutamate induces neurotoxicity primarily by immense influx of Ca2+ arising from overstimulation of the NMDA subtype of glutamate receptors. The neuronal death induced by the overstimulation of glutamate receptors depends critically on a sustained increase in mitochondrial Ca2+ influx and impairment in mitochondrial functions. The mitochondrial impairment is an important contributor to the glutamate-induced neuronal toxicity and thus provides an important target for the intervention. The present study investigates the effects of high glutamate concentrations on mitochondrial functions. RESULTS Here, we have shown that the higher concentration of glutamate treatment caused a significant elevation in the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors expression and elevated the intra-mitochondrial calcium accumulation in SHSY5Y neuronal cells. As a result of an accumulation of intra-mitochondrial calcium, there is a concentration-dependent elevation in ROS in the mitochondria. Tyrosine nitration of several mitochondrial proteins was increased while the mitochondrial membrane potential was dissipated. Furthermore, glutamate treatments also resulted in mitochondrial membrane permeability transition. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that treatment of high glutamate concentration causes impairment of mitochondrial functions by an increase in intra-mitochondrial calcium, ROS production, dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening in human neuroblastoma SHSY5Y cells.
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14
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Circadian mechanism disruption is associated with dysregulation of inflammatory and immune responses: a systematic review. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43088-022-00290-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe circadian rhythms are regulated by the circadian clock which is under the control of suprachiasmatic nucleus of hypothalamus. The central and peripheral clocks on different tissue together synchronize to form circadian system. Factors disrupt the circadian rhythm, such as irregular eating patterns, sleep/wake time, night shift work and temperature. Due to the misalignment of central clock components, it has been recognized as the pathophysiology of lifestyle-related diseases mediated by the inflammation such as diabetes, obesity, neurological disorder and hormonal imbalance. Also we discuss the therapeutic effect of time-restricted feeding over diabetes and obesity caused by miscommunication between central and peripheral clock. The genetic and epigenetic changes involve due to the deregulation of circadian system. The aim of the present review is to discuss the circadian mechanisms that are involved in the complex interaction between host and external factors and its disruption is associated with deregulation of inflammatory and immune responses. Hence, we need to understand the mechanism of functioning of our biological clocks so that it helps us treat health-related problems such as jet lags, sleep disorders due to night-time shift work, obesity and mental disturbances. We hope minimal cost behavioural and lifestyle changes can improve circadian rhythms and presumably provide a better health.
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15
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Jaradat N, Hawash M, Qneibi M, Shtayeh T, Sobuh S, Arar M, Bdir S. The effect of novel negative allosteric 2,3-benzodiazepine on glutamate AMPA receptor and their cytotoxicity. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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16
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Alugoju P, Krishna Swamy VKD, Anthikapalli NVA, Tencomnao T. Health benefits of astaxanthin against age-related diseases of multiple organs: A comprehensive review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:10709-10774. [PMID: 35708049 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2084600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Age-related diseases are associated with increased morbidity in the past few decades and the cost associated with the treatment of these age-related diseases exerts a substantial impact on social and health care expenditure. Anti-aging strategies aim to mitigate, delay and reverse aging-associated diseases, thereby improving quality of life and reducing the burden of age-related pathologies. The natural dietary antioxidant supplementation offers substantial pharmacological and therapeutic effects against various disease conditions. Astaxanthin is one such natural carotenoid with superior antioxidant activity than other carotenoids, as well as well as vitamins C and E, and additionally, it is known to exhibit a plethora of pharmacological effects. The present review summarizes the protective molecular mechanisms of actions of astaxanthin on age-related diseases of multiple organs such as Neurodegenerative diseases [Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Stroke, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Status Epilepticus (SE)], Bone Related Diseases [Osteoarthritis (OA) and Osteoporosis], Cancers [Colon cancer, Prostate cancer, Breast cancer, and Lung Cancer], Cardiovascular disorders [Hypertension, Atherosclerosis and Myocardial infarction (MI)], Diabetes associated complications [Diabetic nephropathy (DN), Diabetic neuropathy, and Diabetic retinopathy (DR)], Eye disorders [Age related macular degeneration (AMD), Dry eye disease (DED), Cataract and Uveitis], Gastric Disorders [Gastritis, Colitis, and Functional dyspepsia], Kidney Disorders [Nephrolithiasis, Renal fibrosis, Renal Ischemia reperfusion (RIR), Acute kidney injury (AKI), and hyperuricemia], Liver Diseases [Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), Alcoholic Liver Disease (AFLD), Liver fibrosis, and Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion (IR) Injury], Pulmonary Disorders [Pulmonary Fibrosis, Acute Lung injury (ALI), and Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)], Muscle disorders (skeletal muscle atrophy), Skin diseases [Atopic dermatitis (ATD), Skin Photoaging, and Wound healing]. We have also briefly discussed astaxanthin's protective effects on reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phaniendra Alugoju
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - V K D Krishna Swamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University (A Central University), Puducherry, India
| | | | - Tewin Tencomnao
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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17
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hyperbilirubinemia is commonly seen in neonates. Though hyperbilirubinemia is typically asymptomatic, severe elevation of bilirubin levels can lead to acute bilirubin encephalopathy and progress to kernicterus spectrum disorder, a chronic condition characterized by hearing loss, extrapyramidal dysfunction, ophthalmoplegia, and enamel hypoplasia. Epidemiological data show that the implementation of universal pre-discharge bilirubin screening programs has reduced the rates of hyperbilirubinemia-associated complications. However, acute bilirubin encephalopathy and kernicterus spectrum disorder are still particularly common in low- and middle-income countries. RECENT FINDINGS The understanding of the genetic and biochemical processes that increase the susceptibility of defined anatomical areas of the central nervous system to the deleterious effects of bilirubin may facilitate the development of effective treatments for acute bilirubin encephalopathy and kernicterus spectrum disorder. Scoring systems are available for the diagnosis and severity grading of these conditions. The treatment of hyperbilirubinemia in newborns relies on the use of phototherapy and exchange transfusion. However, novel therapeutic options including deep brain stimulation, brain-computer interface, and stem cell transplantation may alleviate the heavy disease burden associated with kernicterus spectrum disorder. Despite improved screening and treatment options, the prevalence of acute bilirubin encephalopathy and kernicterus spectrum disorder remains elevated in low- and middle-income countries. The continued presence and associated long-term disability of these conditions warrant further research to improve their prevention and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Qian
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, 912 S Wood St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Prateek Kumar
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, 912 S Wood St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Fernando D Testai
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, 912 S Wood St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
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18
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AL-Nasser MN, Mellor IR, Carter WG. Is L-Glutamate Toxic to Neurons and Thereby Contributes to Neuronal Loss and Neurodegeneration? A Systematic Review. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12050577. [PMID: 35624964 PMCID: PMC9139234 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12050577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
L-glutamate (L-Glu) is a nonessential amino acid, but an extensively utilised excitatory neurotransmitter with critical roles in normal brain function. Aberrant accumulation of L-Glu has been linked to neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration. To investigate this further, we systematically reviewed the literature to evaluate the effects of L-Glu on neuronal viability linked to the pathogenesis and/or progression of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). A search in PubMed, Medline, Embase, and Web of Science Core Collection was conducted to retrieve studies that investigated an association between L-Glu and pathology for five NDDs: Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Huntington’s disease (HD). Together, 4060 studies were identified, of which 71 met eligibility criteria. Despite several inadequacies, including small sample size, employment of supraphysiological concentrations, and a range of administration routes, it was concluded that exposure to L-Glu in vitro or in vivo has multiple pathogenic mechanisms that influence neuronal viability. These mechanisms include oxidative stress, reduced antioxidant defence, neuroinflammation, altered neurotransmitter levels, protein accumulations, excitotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, intracellular calcium level changes, and effects on neuronal histology, cognitive function, and animal behaviour. This implies that clinical and epidemiological studies are required to assess the potential neuronal harm arising from excessive intake of exogenous L-Glu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam N. AL-Nasser
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK;
- School of Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Ian R. Mellor
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK;
| | - Wayne G. Carter
- School of Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3DT, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)-1332-724738; Fax: +44-(0)-1332-724626
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19
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Therapeutic effects of crude extracts of Bacopa floribunda on beta-amyloid 1-42-induced Alzheimer’s disease via suppression of dyslipidemia, systemic inflammation and oxidative stress in male Wistar Rats. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09255. [PMID: 35464703 PMCID: PMC9026591 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Bacopa floribunda (BF), an African traditional plant and its species have been widely used as brain tonic for memory enhancement. It has also been reported to help relieve anxiety and some psychological disorders. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms of action of BF on Amyloid beta (Aβ) 1–42 peptides induced cognitive deficit in male Wistar rats. Main methods A total of 48 healthy male wistar rats were used for this study. Some groups were pre-treated with 200 mg/kg of BF extracts before a single bilateral injection of Aβ 1–42 while some were post-treated with BF for 21 days after Aβ1-42 exposure. Cognitive performance was evaluated using Y-Maze and Novel Object recognition tests. After treatments, hippocampal homogenates were assayed for the levels of Acetylcholinesterase, Na–K/ATPase activities, glutamate and Aβ1-42 concentrations among others. Key findings It was observed that Aβ1-42 caused cognitive impairment and BF extracts especially the ethanol extract was able to significantly (p < 0.05) reverse almost all the perturbations including lipid imbalance caused by Aβ1-42 assault mainly at the post-treatment level. Significance Administration of ethanol and aqueous extracts of BF mitigated the hazardous effect of Aβ1-42 observed in the blood plasma and hippocampal homogenates. In this context, we conclude that BF is an efficient cognitive enhancer that can help alleviate some symptoms associated with Alzheimer’s disease.
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20
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Diz-Chaves Y, Herrera-Pérez S, González-Matías LC, Mallo F. Effects of Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analogs in the hippocampus. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2022; 118:457-478. [PMID: 35180937 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a pleiotropic hormone very well known for its incretin effect in the glucose-dependent stimulation of insulin secretion. However, GLP-1 is also produced in the brain, and it displays critical roles in neuroprotection by activating the GLP-1 receptor signaling pathways. GLP-1 enhances learning and memory in the hippocampus, promotes neurogenesis, decreases inflammation and apoptosis, modulates reward behavior, and reduces food intake. Its pharmacokinetics have been improved to enhance the peptide's half-life, enhancing exposure and time of action. The GLP-1 agonists are successfully in clinical use for the treatment of type-2 diabetes, obesity, and clinical evaluation for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Diz-Chaves
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain.
| | - Salvador Herrera-Pérez
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Lucas C González-Matías
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Federico Mallo
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
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21
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Anti-Excitotoxic Effects of N-Butylidenephthalide Revealed by Chemically Insulted Purkinje Progenitor Cells Derived from SCA3 iPSCs. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031391. [PMID: 35163312 PMCID: PMC8836169 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is characterized by the over-repetitive CAG codon in the ataxin-3 gene (ATXN3), which encodes the mutant ATXN3 protein. The pathological defects of SCA3 such as the impaired aggresomes, autophagy, and the proteasome have been reported previously. To date, no effective treatment is available for SCA3 disease. This study aimed to study anti-excitotoxic effects of n-butylidenephthalide by chemically insulted Purkinje progenitor cells derived from SCA3 iPSCs. We successfully generated Purkinje progenitor cells (PPs) from SCA3 patient-derived iPSCs. The PPs, expressing both neural and Purkinje progenitor's markers, were acquired after 35 days of differentiation. In comparison with the PPs derived from control iPSCs, SCA3 iPSCs-derived PPs were more sensitive to the excitotoxicity induced by quinolinic acid (QA). The observations of QA-treated SCA3 PPs showing neural degeneration including neurite shrinkage and cell number decrease could be used to quickly and efficiently identify drug candidates. Given that the QA-induced neural cell death of SCA3 PPs was established, the activity of calpain in SCA3 PPs was revealed. Furthermore, the expression of cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1), a marker of apoptotic pathway, and the accumulation of ATXN3 proteolytic fragments were observed. When SCA3 PPs were treated with n-butylidenephthalide (n-BP), upregulated expression of calpain 2 and concurrent decreased level of calpastatin could be reversed, and the overall calpain activity was accordingly suppressed. Such findings reveal that n-BP could not only inhibit the cleavage of ATXN3 but also protect the QA-induced excitotoxicity from the Purkinje progenitor loss.
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22
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Silaghi CN, Farcaș M, Crăciun AM. Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) Pathways in Age-Related Cardiovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111574. [PMID: 34829803 PMCID: PMC8615405 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-associated cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases lead to high morbidity and mortality around the world. Sirtuins are vital enzymes for metabolic adaptation and provide protective effects against a wide spectrum of pathologies. Among sirtuins, mitochondrial sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) is an essential player in preserving the habitual metabolic profile. SIRT3 activity declines as a result of aging-induced changes in cellular metabolism, leading to increased susceptibility to endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, heart failure and neurodegenerative diseases. Stimulating SIRT3 activity via lifestyle, pharmacological or genetic interventions could protect against a plethora of pathologies and could improve health and lifespan. Thus, understanding how SIRT3 operates and how its protective effects could be amplified, will aid in treating age-associated diseases and ultimately, in enhancing the quality of life in elders.
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23
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Sahu R, Upadhayay S, Mehan S. Inhibition of extracellular regulated kinase (ERK)-1/2 signaling pathway in the prevention of ALS: Target inhibitors and influences on neurological dysfunctions. Eur J Cell Biol 2021; 100:151179. [PMID: 34560374 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2021.151179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell signal transduction pathways are essential modulators of several physiological and pathological processes in the brain. During overactivation, these signaling processes may lead to disease progression. Abnormal protein kinase activation is associated with several biological dysfunctions that facilitate neurodegeneration under different biological conditions. As a result, these signaling pathways are essential in understanding brain disorders' development or progression. Recent research findings indicate the crucial role of extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 (ERK-1/2) signaling during the neuronal development process. ERK-1/2 is a key component of its mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) group, controlling certain neurological activities by regulating metabolic pathways, cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. ERK-1/2 also influences neuronal elastic properties, nerve growth, and neurological and cognitive processing during brain injuries. The primary goal of this review is to elucidate the activation of ERK1/2 signaling, which is involved in the development of several ALS-related neuropathological dysfunctions. ALS is a rare neurological disorder category that mainly affects the nerve cells responsible for regulating voluntary muscle activity. ALS is progressive, which means that the symptoms are getting worse over time, and there is no cure for ALS and no effective treatment to avoid or reverse. Genetic abnormalities, oligodendrocyte degradation, glial overactivation, and immune deregulation are associated with ALS progression. Furthermore, the current review also identifies ERK-1/2 signaling inhibitors that can promote neuroprotection and neurotrophic effects against the clinical-pathological presentation of ALS. As a result, in the future, the potential ERK-1/2 signaling inhibitors could be used in the treatment of ALS and related neurocomplications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Sahu
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Shubham Upadhayay
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India.
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24
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Amini N, Sarkaki A, Dianat M, Mard SA, Ahangarpour A, Badavi M. Naringin and Trimetazidine Improve Baroreflex Sensitivity and Nucleus Tractus Solitarius Electrical Activity in Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Arq Bras Cardiol 2021; 117:290-297. [PMID: 34495221 PMCID: PMC8395798 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20200121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) is a brain area that plays a key role in kidney and cardiovascular regulation via baroreceptors impulses. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of naringin (NAR) and trimetazidine (TMZ) alone and their combination on NTS electrical activity and baroreceptor sensitivity (BRS) in renal ischemia- reperfusion (I/R) injury. METHODS Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats (200- 250 g) were allocated into 5 groups with 8 in each. 1) Sham; 2) I/R; 3) TMZ 5 mg/kg; 4) NAR 100 mg/kg; and 5) TMZ5+ NAR100. The left femoral vein was cannulated to infuse saline solution or drug and the BRS was evaluated. I/R was induced by occlusion of renal pedicles for 45 min, followed by 4 hours of reperfusion. The NTS local electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded before, during ischemia and throughout the reperfusion. Phenylephrine was injected intravenously to evaluate BRS at the end of reperfusion time. The data were analyzed by two-way repeated measurement ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test. A p-value <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS NTS electrical waves did not change during ischemia time, while they significantly decreased during the entire reperfusion time. NTS electrical activity and BRS dramatically reduced in rats with I/R injury; however, administration of NAR, TMZ alone or their combination significantly improved these changes in rats with I/R injury. CONCLUSIONS The results showed that I/R injury leads to reduced BRS and NTS electrical activity and there may be an association between I/R and decreased BRS. In addition, NAR and TMZ are promising agents to treat I/R complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Amini
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz - Irã.,The Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz - Irã
| | - Alireza Sarkaki
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz - Irã.,The Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz - Irã
| | - Mahin Dianat
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz - Irã.,The Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz - Irã
| | - Seyyed Ali Mard
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz - Irã.,The Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz - Irã
| | - Akram Ahangarpour
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz - Irã.,The Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz - Irã
| | - Mohammad Badavi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz - Irã.,The Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz - Irã
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25
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Sahib S, Sharma A, Muresanu DF, Zhang Z, Li C, Tian ZR, Buzoianu AD, Lafuente JV, Castellani RJ, Nozari A, Patnaik R, Menon PK, Wiklund L, Sharma HS. Nanodelivery of traditional Chinese Gingko Biloba extract EGb-761 and bilobalide BN-52021 induces superior neuroprotective effects on pathophysiology of heat stroke. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2021; 265:249-315. [PMID: 34560923 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2021.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Military personnel often exposed to high summer heat are vulnerable to heat stroke (HS) resulting in abnormal brain function and mental anomalies. There are reasons to believe that leakage of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) due to hyperthermia and development of brain edema could result in brain pathology. Thus, exploration of suitable therapeutic strategies is needed to induce neuroprotection in HS. Extracts of Gingko Biloba (EGb-761) is traditionally used in a variety of mental disorders in Chinese traditional medicine since ages. In this chapter, effects of TiO2 nanowired EGb-761 and BN-52021 delivery to treat brain pathologies in HS is discussed based on our own investigations. We observed that TiO2 nanowired delivery of EGb-761 or TiO2 BN-52021 is able to attenuate more that 80% reduction in the brain pathology in HS as compared to conventional drug delivery. The functional outcome after HS is also significantly improved by nanowired delivery of EGb-761 and BN-52021. These observations are the first to suggest that nanowired delivery of EGb-761 and BN-52021 has superior therapeutic effects in HS not reported earlier. The clinical significance in relation to the military medicine is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seaab Sahib
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Aruna Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Dafin F Muresanu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; "RoNeuro" Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese Medicine Hospital of Guangdong Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Yuexiu, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese Medicine Hospital of Guangdong Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Yuexiu, Guangzhou, China
| | - Z Ryan Tian
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Anca D Buzoianu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - José Vicente Lafuente
- LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Rudy J Castellani
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ala Nozari
- Anesthesiology & Intensive Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ranjana Patnaik
- Department of Biomaterials, School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Preeti K Menon
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Wiklund
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hari Shanker Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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26
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Li X, Wen W, Li P, Fu Y, Chen H, Wang F, Dai Y, Xu S. Mitochondrial Protection and Against Glutamate Neurotoxicity via Shh/Ptch1 Signaling Pathway to Ameliorate Cognitive Dysfunction by Kaixin San in Multi-Infarct Dementia Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5590745. [PMID: 34306310 PMCID: PMC8285175 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5590745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Multi-infarct dementia (MID), a prominent subtype of vascular dementia (VD), is responsible for at least 15 to 20 percent of dementia in the elderly. Mitochondrial dysfunctions and glutamate neurotoxicity due to chronic hypoperfusion and oxidative stress were regarded as the major risk factors in the pathogenesis. Kaixin San (KXS), a classic prescription of Beiji Qianjin Yaofang, was applied to treatment for "amnesia" and has been demonstrated to alleviate the cognitive deficit in a variety of dementias, including MID. However, little is known whether mitochondria and glutamate are associated with the protection of KXS in MID treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of KXS in improving the cognitive function of MID rats through strengthening mitochondrial functions and antagonizing glutamate neurotoxicity via the Shh/Ptch1 signaling pathway. Our data showed that KXS significantly ameliorated memory impairment and hippocampal neuron damage in MID rats. Moreover, KXS improved hippocampal mitochondrial functions by reducing the degree of mitochondrial swelling, increasing the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and elevating the energy charge (EC) and ATP content in MID rats. As expected, the concentration of glutamate and the expression of p-NMDAR1 were significantly reduced by KXS in the brain tissue of MID rats. Furthermore, our results showed that KXS noticeably activated the Shh/Ptch1 signaling pathway which was demonstrated by remarkable elevations of Ptch1, Smo, and Gli1 protein levels in the brain tissue of MID rats. Intriguingly, the inhibition of the Shh signaling pathway with cyclopamine significantly inhibited the protective effects of KXS on glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells. To sum up, these findings suggested that KXS protected MID rats from memory loss by rescuing mitochondrial functions as well as against glutamate neurotoxicity through activating Shh/Ptch1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiong Li
- Institute of Material Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Wen Wen
- Institute of Material Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Ping Li
- Institute of Material Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Ying Fu
- Institute of Material Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Institute of Material Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Fushun Wang
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610060, China
| | - Yuan Dai
- Institute of Material Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, China
| | - Shijun Xu
- Institute of Material Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
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27
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Joseph S, Patterson R, Wang W, Blumberger DM, Rajji T, Kumar S. Quantitative Assessment of Cortical Excitability in Alzheimer's Dementia and Its Association with Clinical Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 88:867-891. [PMID: 34219724 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) due to underlying neurodegenerative pathology. Some studies using electroencephalography (EEG) have shown increased epileptiform and epileptic activity in AD. OBJECTIVE This review and meta-analyses aims to synthesize the existing evidence for quantitative abnormalities of cortical excitability in AD and their relationship with clinical symptoms. METHODS We systematically searched and reviewed publications that quantitatively assessed cortical excitability, using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) resting motor threshold (rMT), active motor threshold (aMT), motor evoked potential (MEP) or directly from the cortex using TMS-EEG via TMS-evoked potential (TEP). We meta-analyzed studies that assessed rMT and aMT using random effects model. RESULTS We identified 895 publications out of which 37 were included in the qualitative review and 30 studies using rMT or aMT were included in the meta-analyses. The AD group had reduced rMT (Hedges' g = -0.99, 95%CI [-1.29, -0.68], p < 0.00001) and aMT (Hedges' g = -0.87, 95%CI [-1.50, -0.24], p < 0.00001) as compared with control groups, indicative of higher cortical excitability. Qualitative review found some evidence of increased MEP amplitude, whereas findings related to TEP were inconsistent. There was some evidence supporting an inverse association between cortical excitability and global cognition. No publications reported on the relationship between cortical excitability and NPS. CONCLUSION There is strong evidence of increased motor cortex excitability in AD and some evidence of an inverse association between excitability and cognition. Future studies should assess cortical excitability from non-motor areas using TMS-EEG and examine its relationship with cognition and NPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaylyn Joseph
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada.,University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rachel Patterson
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada.,University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Wei Wang
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Daniel M Blumberger
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada.,University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tarek Rajji
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada.,University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Toronto Dementia Research Alliance, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada.,University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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28
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Amina M, Bhat RS, Al-Dbass AM, Musayeib NM, Fahmy R, Alhadlaq L, El-Ansary A. The protective effect of Moringa oleifera plant extract against glutamate-induced DNA damage and reduced cell viability in a primary retinal ganglion cell line. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11569. [PMID: 34221717 PMCID: PMC8231317 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glutamate excitotoxicity can cause DNA damage and is linked to many retinal and neurological disorders. In mammals, the visual signal from the eyes to the brain is conducted only by retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), which can be damaged by overstimulation of glutamate receptors. Methodology We examined the protective effects of Moringa oleifera seed extract against glutamate-induced DNA damage in RGCs. RGCs cells were treated with 5, 10, 50, or 100 µg/ml of M. oleifera seed extract and glutamate separately and then assessed for DNA damage using the comet assay. We also evaluated the viability of the RGCs after both treatments using the MTT test. Additionally, RGCs were pretreated with M. oleifera seed extract (50 or 100 µg/ml) for 2 h before glutamate treatment (100 µg/ml) to determine the potential protective effects of M. oleifera. We performed a phytochemical analysis of the M. oleifera seed extract using standard reactions. Results The M. oleifera seed extract was found to be rich in many phytochemicals. We observed a significant dose-dependent elevation in all comet assay variables in glutamate-treated RGCs, whereas M. oleifera seed extract treatments did not show any significant change in DNA integrity. Conclusion M. oleifera seed extract demonstrates neuroprotective effects, which suggests it may help to prevent the development of many neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musarat Amina
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ramesa Shafi Bhat
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer M Al-Dbass
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawal M Musayeib
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rania Fahmy
- Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, r, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Leen Alhadlaq
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afaf El-Ansary
- Central Laboratory, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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29
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Trakolis L, Bender B, Ebner FH, Ernemann U, Tatagiba M, Naros G. Cortical and subcortical gray matter changes in patients with chronic tinnitus sustaining after vestibular schwannoma surgery. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8411. [PMID: 33863965 PMCID: PMC8052351 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87915-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tinnitus is attributed to partial sensory deafferentation resulting in a central maladaptive neuroplasticity. Unfortunately, the agent of deafferentation is usually unknown or irreversible. In patients with unilateral vestibular schwannoma (VS), however, the auditory nerve is affected by a benign tumor. Hence, removal of the tumor can cease the tinnitus. In turn, sustaining complaints after surgery indicate cortical neuroplasticity. The present study is a cross sectional study which aims to track cortical structural changes by surface-based morphometry in 46 VS patients with sustained (i.e. centralized) or ceased (i.e. peripheral) tinnitus after surgery. A volumetric analysis of cortical and subcortical gray matter (GM) anatomy was performed on preoperative high-resolution MRI and related to the presence of hearing impairment, pre- and/or postoperative tinnitus. Patients with sustained (i.e. chronic) tinnitus showed an increased GM volume of the bilateral caudate nucleus, the contralateral superior colliculus, the middle frontal and middle temporal gyrus, the fusiform gyrus as well as the ipsilateral pars orbitalis when compared to those patients in whom tinnitus ceased postoperatively. Chronic tinnitus in VS patients is associated with characteristic structural changes in frontal, temporal and subcortical areas. Notably, a significant GM change of the caudate nucleus was detected providing further support for the striatal gaiting model of tinnitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonidas Trakolis
- grid.411544.10000 0001 0196 8249Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, Eberhard Karls University Hospital, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 3, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Bender
- grid.411544.10000 0001 0196 8249Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Eberhardt Karls University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Florian H. Ebner
- grid.476313.4Department of Neurosurgery, Alfried Krupp Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Ernemann
- grid.411544.10000 0001 0196 8249Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Eberhardt Karls University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Marcos Tatagiba
- grid.411544.10000 0001 0196 8249Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, Eberhard Karls University Hospital, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 3, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Georgios Naros
- grid.411544.10000 0001 0196 8249Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, Eberhard Karls University Hospital, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 3, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
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30
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Al Shoyaib A, Alamri FF, Syeara N, Jayaraman S, Karamyan ST, Arumugam TV, Karamyan VT. The Effect of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Panobinostat or Entinostat on Motor Recovery in Mice After Ischemic Stroke. Neuromolecular Med 2021; 23:471-484. [PMID: 33590407 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-021-08647-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Using rigorous and clinically relevant experimental design and analysis standards, in this study, we investigated the potential of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors panobinostat and entinostat to enhance recovery of motor function after photothrombotic stroke in male mice. Panobinostat, a pan-HDAC inhibitor, is a FDA-approved drug for certain cancers, whereas entinostat is a class-I HDAC inhibitor in late stage of clinical investigation. The drugs were administered every other day (panobinostat-3 or 10 mg/kg; entinostat-1.7 or 5 mg/kg) starting from day 5 to 15 after stroke. To imitate the current standard of care in stroke survivors, i.e., physical rehabilitation, the animals run on wheels (2 h daily) from post-stroke day 9 to 41. The predetermined primary end point was motor recovery measured in two tasks of spontaneous motor behaviors in grid-walking and cylinder tests. In addition, we evaluated the running distance and speed throughout the study, and the number of parvalbumin-positive neurons in medial agranular cortex (AGm) and infarct volumes at the end of the study. Both sensorimotor tests revealed that combination of physical exercise with either drug did not substantially affect motor recovery in mice after stroke. This was accompanied by negligible changes of parvalbumin-positive neurons recorded in AGm and comparable infarct volumes among experimental groups, while dose-dependent increase in acetylated histone 3 was observed in peri-infarct cortex of drug-treated animals. Our observations suggest that add-on panobinostat or entinostat therapy coupled with limited physical rehabilitation is unlikely to offer therapeutic modality for stroke survivors who have motor dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Al Shoyaib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center (TTUHSC), 1300 Coulter Street, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA
| | - Faisal F Alamri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center (TTUHSC), 1300 Coulter Street, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA.,College of Sciences and Health Profession, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nausheen Syeara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center (TTUHSC), 1300 Coulter Street, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA
| | - Srinidhi Jayaraman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center (TTUHSC), 1300 Coulter Street, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA
| | - Serob T Karamyan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yerevan State Medical University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Thiruma V Arumugam
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vardan T Karamyan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center (TTUHSC), 1300 Coulter Street, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA. .,Center for Blood Brain Barrier Research, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, USA.
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31
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Almalki WH, Alzahrani A, Mahmoud El-Daly MES, Fadel Ahmed ASHF. The emerging potential of SIRT-3 in oxidative stress-inflammatory axis associated increased neuroinflammatory component for metabolically impaired neural cell. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 333:109328. [PMID: 33245927 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
People suffering from conditions like epilepsy, where there is an excess of neuron excitement, stroke, and cardiac arrest, where there are oxygen and glucose deprivation, Alzheimer, Parkinson, and Huntington's disease that causes metabolic and also oxidative stress-inflammatory axis; are known to be more vulnerable to disturbances in the metabolism, and there is a lot of inadequacy in defining the inflammation's mechanistic connections, as well as neurodegeneration and the bioenergetic deficiencies in the CNS. We retrieved relevant studies from PubMed/ScienceDirect/Medline/Public library of science/Mendeley/Springer link as well as Google Scholar. We used various keywords both individually and in combination with the literature search. 'Epidemiology of neurodegenerative disorders', 'neurodegenerative diseases associated hyper inflammation', 'Mechanism of inflammation in neuronal cell', 'Involvement of SIRTin inflammation', 'Pathogenesis of mitochondrial associated metabolic impairment in neurons', 'Reactive oxygen species-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction' were a few of the keywords used for the search. PINCH, which is a chronic neuro-inflammatory component that cannot be detected in matured neurons which are healthy, though expressed in oxidative stress inflammatory axis related tauopathy and diseases that cause neurodegeneration. We attempted to study the regulatory mechanisms that cause changes in the bioenergetics and its neuronal defects and mitochondrial subcellular localization that are PINCH protein-mediated on the other handSIRT1, the most intensively studied sirtuin, in oxidative stress-mediated inflammatory consequence for many diseases but very few research data explore the role of SIRT-3 for correction of the chronic neuroinflammatory component. Thus, in this review, we investigate the very recently identified molecules involving in the pathogenesis during stimulated oxidative stress-inflammatory axis in the excitatory neuronal cell which changes brain metabolism. Simultaneously, in CNS neurons of diseases with a component of chronic neuroinflammation which exhibit neuroprotective response, the consequences (mechanistic and biological) of SIRT-3, could be emerging future targets for neurodegenerative disorder treatment with impaired metabolisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdulaziz Alzahrani
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Albaha University, Saudi Arabia
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32
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Rosendo-Pineda MJ, Vicente JJ, Vivas O, Pacheco J, Loza-Huerta A, Sampieri A, Wordeman L, Moreno C, Vaca L. Phosphorylation of NMDA receptors by cyclin B/CDK1 modulates calcium dynamics and mitosis. Commun Biol 2020; 3:665. [PMID: 33184446 PMCID: PMC7665045 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01393-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) are glutamate-gated calcium channels named after their artificial agonist. NMDAR are implicated in cell proliferation under normal and pathophysiological conditions. However, the role of NMDAR during mitosis has not yet been explored in individual cells. We found that neurotransmitter-evoked calcium entry via endogenous NMDAR in cortical astrocytes was transient during mitosis. The same occurred in HEK293 cells transfected with the NR1/NR2A subunits of NMDAR. This transient calcium entry during mitosis was due to phosphorylation of the first intracellular loop of NMDAR (S584 of NR1 and S580 of NR2A) by cyclin B/CDK1. Expression of phosphomimetic mutants resulted in transient calcium influx and enhanced NMDAR inactivation independent of the cell cycle phase. Phosphomimetic mutants increased entry of calcium in interphase and generated several alterations during mitosis: increased mitotic index, increased number of cells with lagging chromosomes and fragmentation of pericentriolar material. In summary, by controlling cytosolic calcium, NMDAR modulate mitosis and probably cell differentiation/proliferation. Our results suggest that phosphorylation of NMDAR by cyclin B/CDK1 during mitosis is required to preserve mitotic fidelity. Altering the modulation of the NMDAR by cyclin B/CDK1 may conduct to aneuploidy and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Jesus Vicente
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Oscar Vivas
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Jonathan Pacheco
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, DF, 04510, Mexico
| | - Arlet Loza-Huerta
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, DF, 04510, Mexico
| | - Alicia Sampieri
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, DF, 04510, Mexico
| | - Linda Wordeman
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Claudia Moreno
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Luis Vaca
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, DF, 04510, Mexico.
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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33
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Hummel R, Ulbrich S, Appel D, Li S, Hirnet T, Zander S, Bobkiewicz W, Gölz C, Schäfer MK. Administration of all-trans retinoic acid after experimental traumatic brain injury is brain protective. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:5208-5223. [PMID: 32964418 PMCID: PMC7588818 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is a vitamin A metabolite, important in the developing and mature brain. Pre-injury ATRA administration ameliorates ischaemic brain insults in rodents. This study examined the effects of post-traumatic ATRA treatment in experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Male adult mice were subjected to the controlled cortical impact model of TBI or sham procedure and killed at 7 or 30 days post-injury (dpi). ATRA (10 mg kg-1, i.p.) was given immediately after the injury and 1, 2 and 3 dpi. Neurological function and sensorimotor coordination were evaluated. Brains were processed for (immuno-) histological, mRNA and protein analyses (qPCR and western blot). KEY RESULTS ATRA treatment reduced brain lesion size, reactive astrogliosis and axonal injury at 7 dpi, and hippocampal granule cell layer (GCL) integrity was protected at 7 and 30 dpi, independent of cell proliferation in neurogenic niches and blood-brain barrier damage. Neurological and motor deficits over time and the brain tissue loss at 30 dpi were not affected by ATRA treatment. ATRA decreased gene expression of markers for damage-associated molecular pattern (HMGB1), apoptosis (caspase-3 and Bax), activated microglia (TSPO), and reactive astrogliosis (GFAP, SerpinA3N) at 7 dpi and a subset of markers at 30 dpi (TSPO, GFAP). CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS In experimental TBI, post-traumatic ATRA administration exerted brain protective effects, including long-term protection of GCL integrity, but did not affect neurological and motor deficits. Further investigations are required to optimize treatment regimens to enhance ATRA's brain protective effects and improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Hummel
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg‐University MainzMainzGermany
| | - Sebastian Ulbrich
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg‐University MainzMainzGermany
| | - Dominik Appel
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg‐University MainzMainzGermany
| | - Shuailong Li
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg‐University MainzMainzGermany
| | - Tobias Hirnet
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg‐University MainzMainzGermany
| | - Sonja Zander
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg‐University MainzMainzGermany
| | - Wieslawa Bobkiewicz
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg‐University MainzMainzGermany
| | - Christina Gölz
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg‐University MainzMainzGermany
| | - Michael K.E. Schäfer
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg‐University MainzMainzGermany
- Focus Program Translational Neurosciences (FTN)Johannes Gutenberg‐University MainzMainzGermany
- Research Center for ImmunotherapyUniversity Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg‐University MainzMainzGermany
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Deficits in ascending and descending pain modulation pathways in patients with postherpetic neuralgia. Neuroimage 2020; 221:117186. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Purinergic signaling orchestrating neuron-glia communication. Pharmacol Res 2020; 162:105253. [PMID: 33080321 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses the evidence supporting a role for ATP signaling (operated by P2X and P2Y receptors) and adenosine signaling (mainly operated by A1 and A2A receptors) in the crosstalk between neurons, astrocytes, microglia and oligodendrocytes. An initial emphasis will be given to the cooperation between adenosine receptors to sharpen information salience encoding across synapses. The interplay between ATP and adenosine signaling in the communication between astrocytes and neurons will then be presented in context of the integrative properties of the astrocytic syncytium, allowing to implement heterosynaptic depression processes in neuronal networks. The process of microglia 'activation' and its control by astrocytes and neurons will then be analyzed under the perspective of an interplay between different P2 receptors and adenosine A2A receptors. In spite of these indications of a prominent role of purinergic signaling in the bidirectional communication between neurons and glia, its therapeutical exploitation still awaits obtaining an integrated view of the spatio-temporal action of ATP signaling and adenosine signaling, clearly distinguishing the involvement of both purinergic signaling systems in the regulation of physiological processes and in the control of pathogenic-like responses upon brain dysfunction or damage.
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Warling A, Uchida R, Shin H, Dodelson C, Garcia ME, Shea-Shumsky NB, Svirsky S, Pothast M, Kelley H, Schumann CM, Brzezinski C, Bauman MD, Alexander A, McKee AC, Stein TD, Schall M, Jacobs B. Putative dendritic correlates of chronic traumatic encephalopathy: A preliminary quantitative Golgi exploration. J Comp Neurol 2020; 529:1308-1326. [PMID: 32869318 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative disorder that is associated with repetitive head impacts. Neuropathologically, it is defined by the presence of perivascular hyperphosphorylated tau aggregates in cortical tissue (McKee et al., 2016, Acta Neuropathologica, 131, 75-86). Although many pathological and assumed clinical correlates of CTE have been well characterized, its effects on cortical dendritic arbors are still unknown. Here, we quantified dendrites and dendritic spines of supragranular pyramidal neurons in tissue from human frontal and occipital lobes, in 11 cases with (Mage = 79 ± 7 years) and 5 cases without (Mage = 76 ± 11 years) CTE. Tissue was stained with a modified rapid Golgi technique. Dendritic systems of 20 neurons per region in each brain (N = 640 neurons) were quantified using computer-assisted morphometry. One key finding was that CTE neurons exhibited increased variability and distributional changes across six of the eight dendritic system measures, presumably due to ongoing degeneration and compensatory reorganization of dendritic systems. However, despite heightened variation among CTE neurons, CTE cases exhibited lower mean values than Control cases in seven of the eight dendritic system measures. These dendritic alterations may represent a new pathological marker of CTE, and further examination of dendritic changes could contribute to both mechanistic and functional understandings of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allysa Warling
- Laboratory of Quantitative Neuromorphology, Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
| | - Riri Uchida
- Laboratory of Quantitative Neuromorphology, Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
| | - Hyunsoo Shin
- Laboratory of Quantitative Neuromorphology, Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
| | - Coby Dodelson
- Laboratory of Quantitative Neuromorphology, Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
| | - Madeleine E Garcia
- Laboratory of Quantitative Neuromorphology, Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
| | - N Beckett Shea-Shumsky
- Laboratory of Quantitative Neuromorphology, Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
| | - Sarah Svirsky
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Morgan Pothast
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hunter Kelley
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cynthia M Schumann
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Christine Brzezinski
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Melissa D Bauman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Allyson Alexander
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Ann C McKee
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bedford, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thor D Stein
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bedford, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew Schall
- Laboratory of Quantitative Neuromorphology, Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
| | - Bob Jacobs
- Laboratory of Quantitative Neuromorphology, Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
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Manisha C, Selvaraj A, Jubie S, Moola Joghee Nanjan C, Moola Joghee N, Clement JP, Justin A. Positive allosteric activation of glial EAAT-2 transporter protein: A novel strategy for Alzheimer’s disease. Med Hypotheses 2020; 142:109794. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Al Rahim M, Yoon Y, Dimovasili C, Shao Z, Huang Q, Zhang E, Kezunovic N, Chen L, Schaffner A, Huntley GW, Ubarretxena-Belandia I, Georgakopoulos A, Robakis NK. Presenilin1 familial Alzheimer disease mutants inactivate EFNB1- and BDNF-dependent neuroprotection against excitotoxicity by affecting neuroprotective complexes of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor. Brain Commun 2020; 2:fcaa100. [PMID: 33005890 PMCID: PMC7520050 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaa100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Excitotoxicity is thought to play key roles in brain neurodegeneration and stroke. Here we show that neuroprotection against excitotoxicity by trophic factors EFNB1 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (called here factors) requires de novo formation of 'survival complexes' which are factor-stimulated complexes of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor with factor receptor and presenilin 1. Absence of presenilin 1 reduces the formation of survival complexes and abolishes neuroprotection. EPH receptor B2- and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor-derived peptides designed to disrupt formation of survival complexes also decrease the factor-stimulated neuroprotection. Strikingly, factor-dependent neuroprotection and levels of the de novo factor-stimulated survival complexes decrease dramatically in neurons expressing presenilin 1 familial Alzheimer disease mutants. Mouse neurons and brains expressing presenilin 1 familial Alzheimer disease mutants contain increased amounts of constitutive presenilin 1-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor complexes unresponsive to factors. Interestingly, the stability of the familial Alzheimer disease presenilin 1-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor complexes differs from that of wild type complexes and neurons of mutant-expressing brains are more vulnerable to cerebral ischaemia than neurons of wild type brains. Furthermore, N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor-mediated excitatory post-synaptic currents at CA1 synapses are altered by presenilin 1 familial Alzheimer disease mutants. Importantly, high levels of presenilin 1-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor complexes are also found in post-mortem brains of Alzheimer disease patients expressing presenilin 1 familial Alzheimer disease mutants. Together, our data identify a novel presenilin 1-dependent neuroprotective mechanism against excitotoxicity and indicate a pathway by which presenilin 1 familial Alzheimer disease mutants decrease factor-depended neuroprotection against excitotoxicity and ischaemia in the absence of Alzheimer disease neuropathological hallmarks which may form downstream of neuronal damage. These findings have implications for the pathogenic effects of familial Alzheimer disease mutants and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Al Rahim
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Biology and Genetics of Neurodegeneration, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yonejung Yoon
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Biology and Genetics of Neurodegeneration, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christina Dimovasili
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Biology and Genetics of Neurodegeneration, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhiping Shao
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Biology and Genetics of Neurodegeneration, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Qian Huang
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Biology and Genetics of Neurodegeneration, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emily Zhang
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Biology and Genetics of Neurodegeneration, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nebojsa Kezunovic
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, and the Friedman Brain Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lei Chen
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Biology and Genetics of Neurodegeneration, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adam Schaffner
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - George W Huntley
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, and the Friedman Brain Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Anastasios Georgakopoulos
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Biology and Genetics of Neurodegeneration, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nikolaos K Robakis
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Biology and Genetics of Neurodegeneration, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Borgonetti V, Governa P, Biagi M, Galeotti N. Novel Therapeutic Approach for the Management of Mood Disorders: In Vivo and In Vitro Effect of a Combination of L-Theanine, Melissa officinalis L. and Magnolia officinalis Rehder & E.H. Wilson. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061803. [PMID: 32560413 PMCID: PMC7353338 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mood disorders represent one of the most prevalent and costly psychiatric diseases worldwide. The current therapies are generally characterized by several well-known side effects which limit their prolonged use. The use of herbal medicine for the management of several psychiatric conditions is becoming more established, as it is considered a safer support to conventional pharmacotherapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible anxiolytic and antidepressant activity of a fixed combination of L-theanine, Magnolia officinalis, and Melissa officinalis (TMM) in an attempt to evaluate how the multiple modulations of different physiological systems may contribute to reducing mood disorders. TMM showed an anxiolytic-like and antidepressant-like activity in vivo, which was related to a neuroprotective effect in an in vitro model of excitotoxicity. The effect of TMM was not altered by the presence of flumazenil, thus suggesting a non-benzodiazepine-like mechanism of action. On the contrary, a significant reduction in the effect was observed in animals and neuronal cells co-treated with AM251, a cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) antagonist, suggesting that the endocannabinoid system may be involved in the TMM mechanism of action. In conclusion, TMM may represent a useful and safe candidate for the management of mood disorders with an innovative mechanism of action, particularly as an adjuvant to conventional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Borgonetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology, University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy;
| | - Paolo Governa
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy-Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Marco Biagi
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Strada Laterina 8, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Nicoletta Galeotti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology, University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-055-275-8391
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Margabandhu G, Vanisree AJ. Dopamine, a key factor of mitochondrial damage and neuronal toxicity on rotenone exposure and also parkinsonic motor dysfunction-Impact of asiaticoside with a probable vesicular involvement. J Chem Neuroanat 2020; 106:101788. [PMID: 32278634 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2020.101788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Persuasive evidence propose that the toxicity of dopamine in parkinsonism and the loss of dopaminergic neurons are the earliest events during the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). In our earlier study, Asiaticoside (AS), a triterpenoid saponin isolated from Centella asiatica was shown to exert a neuroprotective effect against hemiparkinsonism, purportedly due to phosphoinositides (PI)-assisted cytodynamics and synaptic function. Here, we evaluate AS in the modulation of dopamine (DA), mitochondrial integrity and neurite variations in vitro and motor dysfunctions in vivo. PC12 cells challenged with rotenone-(ROT) (0.1 μM/mL) were exposed to AS and l-DOPA (10 mM and 20 μM/mL respectively). The protein expressions of Bax and Bcl-2 that regulate cell death were assessed following neurite length assays. Rats were distributed into 6 groups (6 rats/group): Sham, Vehicle controls, ROT-infused (6 μg/μl/kg), AS- treated (50 mg/kg/day), Drug control, and ROT + L-DOPA-treated (6 mg/kg/day) groups. At the end of the experimental period, the rats were sacrificed after performing motor behavioral analysis, and the striatum was dissected out. The contents of synaptic vesicular and cytosolic DA were analyzed. Further, the levels of striatal PI were also measured. ROT had caused significant reduction in the neurite outgrowth in the exposed PC12 cells while the tested concentrations of AS and l-DOPA can exert their protective effect on the stunted neurite growth. The levels of Bax, Bcl-2, and cytochrome c which were significantly disturbed by ROT, could also be affected by AS thereby suggesting its effect on neurons. AS treatment caused an improved motor performance, vesicular and cytosolic DA, and striatal PI. These pre-clinical findings force us to speculate that AS could be a potential drug candidate in combating ROT-induced variations that are possibly precipitated by varied vesicular trafficking of DA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopi Margabandhu
- Unit of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600 025, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Arambakkam Janardhanam Vanisree
- Unit of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600 025, Tamilnadu, India.
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41
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Song Y, Zhang Y, Li R, Chen W, Chung CKA, Cai Z. The cellular effects of PM 2.5 collected in Chinese Taiyuan and Guangzhou and their associations with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), nitro-PAHs and hydroxy-PAHs. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 191:110225. [PMID: 32001423 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated adverse effects on human health after exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5). However, it is still not clear how the toxicological effects and the health risks vary among PM samples of different compositions and concentrations. In this study, we examined effects of region- and season-dependent differences of PM2.5 on cytotoxicity, and the contributions of PAHs, nitro-PAHs (N-PAHs) and hydroxy-PAHs (OH-PAHs) to PM2.5 toxicity by determining different toxicological indicators in three lung cell lines. The results illustrated significant differences in components concentrations and biological responses elicited by PM2.5 collected in different cities and seasons. The concentrations of most PAHs, N-PAHs and OH-PAHs were much higher in Taiyuan than in Guangzhou. PM2.5 from Taiyuan exhibited lower cell viability and higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) release on lung cells than those from Guangzhou. Specifically, PM2.5 collected in summer from Taiyuan caused higher levels of pro-inflammatory responses and oxidative potential than those collected in winter. The correlation analysis between 19 PAHs, 17 N-PAHs and 12 OH-PAHs and the measured indicators demonstrated that PAHs were more related to PM2.5-induced CCK-8 cytotoxicity and IL-6 release in Taiyuan while N-PAHs and OH-PAHs were more related to PM2.5-induced CCK-8 cytotoxicity and dithiothreitol (DTT)-based redox activity in Guangzhou, suggesting that the toxicity of PM2.5 from Taiyuan was mostly correlated with PAHs while the toxicity of PM2.5 from Guangzhou was closely associated with N-PAHs and OH-PAHs. These results revealed that composition differences in PM2.5 from different regions and seasons significantly accounted for the differences of their toxicological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yanhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ruijin Li
- Institute of Environmental Science, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chi Kong Arthur Chung
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
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Meyer E, Morawa E, Nacak Y, Rösch J, Doerfler A, Forster C, Erim Y. Insular Cortical Thickness in Patients With Somatoform Pain Disorder: Are There Associations With Symptom Severity and Childhood Trauma? Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:497100. [PMID: 33132923 PMCID: PMC7513830 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.497100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies show significant alterations in insular cortical thickness in patients with somatoform pain disorder (SPD). Additionally, associations between childhood maltreatment and morphometric alterations in insular cortex have been observed. Since patients with SPD often report about adverse childhood experiences, we were interested in the interrelationship of exposure to childhood maltreatment and insular cortical thickness in patients with SPD. METHODS Fifteen adult patients with SPD (ICD-10 F 45.40/41, DSM-Code 307.80) and thirteen healthy adult controls underwent T1-weighted MR brain imaging. In the voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis we compared whole brain cortical thickness between patients and controls using a Student's two-sampled t-test (p < .05). Then we performed a secondary analysis to detect differences in cortical thickness levels in the insular cortex between both groups. For further analysis of differences in insular cortical thickness we used gender, age, depressive symptoms [Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9], and whole brain cortical thickness as nuisance covariates. Subsequently we explored associations between insular cortical thickness, symptom severity (PHQ-15) and past experiences of childhood maltreatment (CTQ) in both groups. RESULTS Patients showed reduced insular cortical thickness in a subregion of right Brodmann area (BA) 13 (anterior part of the insular cortex), whereas whole brain cortical thickness did not differ between groups. The between-group difference in the identified insular subregion of right BA 13 was not diminished by any of the covariates. This implies that the reduction in cortical thickness in the identified insular subregion might be due to a specific group effect. The effect sizes indicate that the group of patients experienced more childhood maltreatment than the control group. Nonetheless, significant correlations of insular cortical thickness with symptom severity and childhood maltreatment in the total collective could not be demonstrated for the group of patients. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that alterations in the identified insular subregion of right BA 13 are associated with somatoform pain, independent of gender, age, or coincident depression levels. To identify significant associations of insular cortical thickness and experiences of childhood maltreatment in patients with SPD investigations within larger samples are highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Meyer
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eva Morawa
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yeliz Nacak
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julie Rösch
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arnd Doerfler
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Clemens Forster
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yesim Erim
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
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Oh BM, Lee SJ, Park GL, Hwang YS, Lim J, Park ES, Lee KH, Kim BY, Kwon YT, Cho HJ, Lee HG. Erastin Inhibits Septic Shock and Inflammatory Gene Expression via Suppression of the NF-κB Pathway. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8122210. [PMID: 31847346 PMCID: PMC6947339 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8122210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition that is caused by an abnormal immune response to infection and can lead to tissue damage, organ failure, and death. Erastin is a small molecule capable of initiating ferroptotic cell death in cancer cells. However, the function of erastin in the inflammatory response during sepsis remains unknown. Here, we showed that erastin ameliorates septic shock induced by cecal ligation and puncture or lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in mice, which was associated with a reduced production of inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-1β. Pretreatment with erastin in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) significantly attenuated the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, TNF-α, and IL-1β mRNA in response to LPS treatment. Furthermore, we also showed that erastin suppresses phosphorylation of IκB kinase β, phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα, and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) in LPS-stimulated BMDMs. Our findings suggest that erastin attenuates the inflammatory response by suppressing the NF-κB signaling pathway, resulting in inhibition of sepsis development. This study provides new insights regarding the potential therapeutic properties of erastin in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Moo Oh
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (B.M.O.); (Y.S.H.); (J.L.); (E.S.P.)
| | - Seon-Jin Lee
- Environmental Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (S.-J.L.); (G.L.P.)
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Gyoung Lim Park
- Environmental Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (S.-J.L.); (G.L.P.)
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Yo Sep Hwang
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (B.M.O.); (Y.S.H.); (J.L.); (E.S.P.)
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Jeewon Lim
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (B.M.O.); (Y.S.H.); (J.L.); (E.S.P.)
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Eun Sun Park
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (B.M.O.); (Y.S.H.); (J.L.); (E.S.P.)
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Kyung Ho Lee
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea; (K.H.L.); (B.Y.K.)
| | - Bo Yeon Kim
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea; (K.H.L.); (B.Y.K.)
| | - Yong Tae Kwon
- Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center and Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, Korea;
| | - Hee Jun Cho
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (B.M.O.); (Y.S.H.); (J.L.); (E.S.P.)
- Correspondence: (H.J.C.); (H.G.L.); Tel.: +82-42-860-4186 (H.J.C.); +82-42-860-4182 (H.G.L.)
| | - Hee Gu Lee
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (B.M.O.); (Y.S.H.); (J.L.); (E.S.P.)
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.J.C.); (H.G.L.); Tel.: +82-42-860-4186 (H.J.C.); +82-42-860-4182 (H.G.L.)
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SIRT3 Haploinsufficiency Aggravates Loss of GABAergic Interneurons and Neuronal Network Hyperexcitability in an Alzheimer's Disease Model. J Neurosci 2019; 40:694-709. [PMID: 31818974 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1446-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired mitochondrial function and aberrant neuronal network activity are believed to be early events in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but how mitochondrial alterations contribute to aberrant activity in neuronal circuits is unknown. In this study, we examined the function of mitochondrial protein deacetylase sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) in the pathogenesis of AD. Compared with AppPs1 mice, Sirt3-haploinsufficient AppPs1 mice (Sirt3+/-AppPs1) exhibit early epileptiform EEG activity and seizure. Both male and female Sirt3+/-AppPs1 mice were observed to die prematurely before 5 months of age. When comparing male mice among different genotypes, Sirt3 haploinsufficiency renders GABAergic interneurons in the cerebral cortex vulnerable to degeneration and associated neuronal network hyperexcitability. Feeding Sirt3+/-AppPs1 AD mice with a ketone ester-rich diet increases SIRT3 expression and prevents seizure-related death and the degeneration of GABAergic neurons, indicating that the aggravated GABAergic neuron loss and neuronal network hyperexcitability in Sirt3+/-AppPs1 mice are caused by SIRT3 reduction and can be rescued by increase of SIRT3 expression. Consistent with a protective role in AD, SIRT3 levels are reduced in association with cerebral cortical Aβ pathology in AD patients. In summary, SIRT3 preserves GABAergic interneurons and protects cerebral circuits against hyperexcitability, and this neuroprotective mechanism can be bolstered by dietary ketone esters.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT GABAergic neurons provide the main inhibitory control of neuronal activity in the brain. By preserving mitochondrial function, SIRT3 protects parvalbumin and calretinin interneurons against Aβ-associated dysfunction and degeneration in AppPs1 Alzheimer's disease mice, thus restraining neuronal network hyperactivity. The neuronal network dysfunction that occurs in Alzheimer's disease can be partially reversed by physiological, dietary, and pharmacological interventions to increase SIRT3 expression and enhance the functionality of GABAergic interneurons.
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Bawari S, Tewari D, Argüelles S, Sah AN, Nabavi SF, Xu S, Vacca RA, Nabavi SM, Shirooie S. Targeting BDNF signaling by natural products: Novel synaptic repair therapeutics for neurodegeneration and behavior disorders. Pharmacol Res 2019; 148:104458. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Lima-Ojeda JM, Mallien AS, Brandwein C, Lang UE, Hefter D, Inta D. Altered prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response in BDNF-deficient mice in a model of early postnatal hypoxia: implications for schizophrenia. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2019; 269:439-447. [PMID: 29453493 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-018-0882-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a major proliferative agent in the nervous system. Both BDNF-deficiency and perinatal hypoxia represent genetic/environmental risk factors for schizophrenia. Moreover, a decreased BDNF response to birth hypoxia was associated with the disease. BDNF expression is influenced by neuronal activity and environmental conditions such as hypoxia. Thus, it may partake in neuroprotective and reparative mechanisms in acute or chronic neuronal insults. However, the interaction of hypoxia and BDNF is insufficiently understood and the behavioral outcome unknown. Therefore, we conducted a battery of behavioral tests in a classical model of chronic early postnatal mild hypoxia (10% O2), known to significantly impair brain development, in BDNF-deficient mice. We found selective deficits in measures associated with sensorimotor gating, namely enhanced acoustic startle response (ASR) and reduced prepulse inhibition (PPI) of ASR in BDNF-deficient mice. Unexpectedly, the alterations of sensorimotor gating were caused only by BDNF-deficiency alone, whereas hypoxia failed to evoke severe deficits and even leads to a milder phenotype in BDNF-deficient mice. As deficits in sensorimotor gating are present in schizophrenia and animal models of the disease, our results are of relevance regarding the involvement of BDNF in its pathogenesis. On the other hand, they suggest that the effect of perinatal hypoxia on long-term brain abnormalities is complex, ranging from protective to deleterious actions, and may critically depend on the degree of hypoxia. Therefore, future studies may refine existing hypoxia protocols to better understand neurodevelopmental consequences associated with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Lima-Ojeda
- RG Animal Models in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anne S Mallien
- RG Animal Models in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christiane Brandwein
- RG Animal Models in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Undine E Lang
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4012, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dimitri Hefter
- RG Animal Models in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dragos Inta
- RG Animal Models in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4012, Basel, Switzerland.
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da Silva APB, Souza DG, Souza DO, Machado DC, Sato DK. Role of Glutamatergic Excitotoxicity in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:142. [PMID: 31031597 PMCID: PMC6473164 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an inflammatory disorder mediated by immune-humoral responses directed against central nervous system (CNS) antigens. Most patients are positive for specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) auto-antibodies for aquaporin-4 (AQP4), a water channel present in astrocytes. Antigen-antibody binding promotes complement system cascade activation, immune system cell infiltration, IgG deposition, loss of AQP4 and excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) expression on the astrocytic plasma membrane, triggering necrotic destruction of spinal cord tissue and optic nerves. Astrocytes are very important cells in the CNS and, in addition to supporting other nerve cells, they also regulate cerebral homeostasis and control glutamatergic synapses by modulating neurotransmission in the cleft through the high-affinity glutamate transporters present in their cell membrane. Specific IgG binding to AQP4 in astrocytes blocks protein functions and reduces EAAT2 activity. Once compromised, EAAT2 cannot take up free glutamate from the extracellular space, triggering excitotoxicity in the cells, which is characterized by overactivation of glutamate receptors in postsynaptic neurons. Therefore, the longitudinally extensive myelitis and optic neuritis lesions observed in patients with NMOSD may be the result of primary astrocytic damage triggered by IgG binding to AQP4, which can activate the immune-system cascade and, in addition, downregulate EAAT2. All these processes may explain the destructive lesions in NMOSD secondary to neuroinflammation and glutamatergic excitotoxicity. New or repurposed existing drugs capable of controlling glutamatergic excitotoxicity may provide new therapeutic options to reduce tissue damage and permanent disability after NMOSD attacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Bornes da Silva
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Brain Institute, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Medical School, Institute of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Graduate Program in Biomedical Gerontology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Débora Guerini Souza
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Diogo Onofre Souza
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Denise Cantarelli Machado
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Brain Institute, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Medical School, Institute of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Graduate Program in Biomedical Gerontology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Douglas Kazutoshi Sato
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Brain Institute, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Chandran R, Kumar M, Kesavan L, Jacob RS, Gunasekaran S, Lakshmi S, Sadasivan C, Omkumar R. Cellular calcium signaling in the aging brain. J Chem Neuroanat 2019; 95:95-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Fan J, Dawson TM, Dawson VL. Cell Death Mechanisms of Neurodegeneration. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2018; 15:403-425. [PMID: 28674991 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-57193-5_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There are common mechanisms shared by genetically or pathologically distinct neurodegenerative diseases, such as excitotoxicity, mitochondrial deficits and oxidative stress, protein misfolding and translational dysfunction, autophagy and microglia activation. This indicates that although the original cause may differ in individual diseases or even subtypes of certain disorders, these disrupted common cell functions and signaling, together with aging, may lead to final execution of cell death through similar pathways. The variable neurodegenerative disease symptoms are probably caused by the type, location, and connection of the cell populations that suffer from dysfunction and loss. Besides apoptosis, necroptosis, and autophagy, an important form of death termed parthanatos plays a prominent role in stroke and several neurodegenerative diseases, which is due to PARP-1 overactivation, PAR accumulation, nuclear translocation of the mitochondria protein AIF, and large-scale DNA cleavage. Understanding the mechanisms and interactions of cell death signaling will not only help to develop neuroprotective strategies to halt neurodegeneration, but also provide biomarkers for monitoring disease progression and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Fan
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Ted M Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Valina L Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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Sharma R, Razdan K, Bansal Y, Kuhad A. Rollercoaster ride of kynurenines: steering the wheel towards neuroprotection in Alzheimer's disease. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2018; 22:849-867. [PMID: 30223691 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2018.1524877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with cerebral cognitive deficits exhibiting two cardinal hallmarks: accruement of extracellular amyloid plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles composed of hyperphosphorylated tau protein. The currently accessible therapeutic armamentarium merely provides symptomatic relief. Therefore, the cry for prospective neuroprotective strategies seems to be the need of the hour. Areas covered: This review comprehensively establishes correlation between kynurenine pathway (KP) metabolites and AD with major emphasis on its two functionally contrasting neuroactive metabolites i.e. kynurenic acid (KYNA) and quinolinic acid (QUIN) and enlists various clinical studies which hold a potential for future therapeutics in AD. Also, major hypotheses of AD and mechanisms underlying them have been scrutinized with the aim to brush up the readers with basic pathology of AD. Expert opinion: KP is unique in itself as it holds two completely different domains i.e. neurotoxic QUIN and neuroprotective KYNA and disrupted equilibrium between the two has a hand in neurodegeneration. KYNA has long been demonstrated to be neuroprotective but lately being disparaged for cognitive side effects. But we blaze a trail by amalgamating the pharmacological mechanistic studies of KYNA in kinship with α7nAChRs, NMDARs and GABA which lends aid in favour of KA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Sharma
- a Pharmacology Research Laboratory , University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University , Chandigarh , India
| | - Karan Razdan
- b Pharmaceutics division , University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University , Chandigarh , India
| | - Yashika Bansal
- a Pharmacology Research Laboratory , University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University , Chandigarh , India
| | - Anurag Kuhad
- a Pharmacology Research Laboratory , University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University , Chandigarh , India
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