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Geng J, Wei D, Wang L, Xu Q, Wang J, Shi J, Ma C, Zhao M, Huo W, Jing T, Wang C, Mao Z. The association of isocarbophos and isofenphos with different types of glucose metabolism: The role of inflammatory cells. J Environ Sci (China) 2025; 147:322-331. [PMID: 39003050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
To investigate the associations between isocarbophos and isofenphos with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and to assess the mediation roles of inflammation cells. There were 2701 participants in the case-control study, including 896 patients with T2DM, 900 patients with IFG, 905 subjects with NGT. Plasma isocarbophos and isofenphos concentrations were measured using gas chromatography and triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry. Generalized linear models were used to calculate the relationships between plasma isofenphos and isocarbophos levels with inflammatory factor levels and T2DM. Inflammatory cell was used as mediators to estimate the mediating effects on the above associations. Isocarbophos and isofenphos were positively related with T2DM after adjusting for other factors. The odds ratio (95% confidence interval) (OR (95%CI)) for T2DM was 1.041 (1.015, 1.068) and for IFG was 1.066 (1.009, 1.127) per unit rise in ln-isocarbophos. The prevalence of T2DM increased by 6.4% for every 1 unit more of ln-isofenphos (OR (95% CI): 1.064 (1.041, 1.087)). Additionally, a 100% rise in ln-isocarbophos was linked to 3.3% higher ln-HOMA2IR and a 0.029 mmol/L higher glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (95% CI: 0.007, 0.051). While a 100% rise in ln-isofenphos was linked to increase in ln-HOMA2 and ln-HOMA2IR of 5.8% and 3.4%, respectively. Furthermore, white blood cell (WBC) and neutrophilic (NE) were found to be mediators in the relationship between isocarbophos and T2DM, and the corresponding proportions were 17.12% and 17.67%, respectively. Isofenphos and isocarbophos are associated with IFG and T2DM in the rural Chinese population, WBC and NE have a significant role in this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintian Geng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Dandan Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Lulu Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Qingqing Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jiayu Shi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Cuicui Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Mengzhen Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Wenqian Huo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Tao Jing
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chongjian Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhenxing Mao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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Nishihara T, Miyoshi T, Nakashima M, Miki T, Toda H, Yoshida M, Ichikawa K, Osawa K, Yuasa S. Prognostic value of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease over coronary computed tomography angiography findings: comparison with no-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2024; 23:167. [PMID: 38730426 PMCID: PMC11088086 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-024-02268-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the proposed name change for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study aimed to investigate the association of cardiovascular disease risk with MASLD and NAFLD in patients who underwent clinically indicated coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). METHODS This retrospective study included 2289 patients (60% men; mean age: 68 years) with no history of coronary artery disease who underwent CCTA. The steatotic liver was defined as a hepatic-to-spleen attenuation ratio of < 1.0 on CT just before CCTA. MASLD is defined as the presence of hepatic steatosis along with at least one of the five cardiometabolic risk factors. Adverse CCTA findings were defined as obstructive and/or high-risk plaques. Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) encompassed composite coronary events, including cardiovascular death, acute coronary syndrome, and late coronary revascularization. RESULTS MASLD and NAFLD were identified in 415 (18%) and 368 (16%) patients, respectively. Adverse CCTA findings were observed in 40% and 38% of the patients with MASLD and with NAFLD, respectively. Adverse CCTA findings were significantly associated with MASLD (p = 0.007) but not NAFLD (p = 0.253). During a median follow-up of 4.4 years, 102 (4.4%) MACE were observed. MASLD was significantly associated with MACE (hazard ratio 1.82, 95% CI 1.18-2.83, p = 0.007), while its association with NAFLD was not significant (p = 0.070). By incorporating MASLD into a prediction model of MACE, including the risk score and adverse CCTA findings, global chi-squared values significantly increased from 87.0 to 94.1 (p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS Patients with MASLD are likely to have a higher risk of cardiovascular disease than those with NAFLD. Concurrent assessment of MASLD during CCTA improves the identification of patients at a higher risk of cardiovascular disease among those with clinically indicated CCTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Nishihara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, 700-8558, Okayama, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toru Miyoshi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, 700-8558, Okayama, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Mitsutaka Nakashima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, 700-8558, Okayama, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takashi Miki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, 700-8558, Okayama, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hironobu Toda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, 700-8558, Okayama, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masatoki Yoshida
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, 700-8558, Okayama, Okayama, Japan
| | - Keishi Ichikawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, 700-8558, Okayama, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Osawa
- Department of General Internal Medicine 3, Kawasaki Medical School General Medicine Centre, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Yuasa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, 700-8558, Okayama, Okayama, Japan
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Lin YH, Zhang ZJ, Zhong JQ, Wang ZY, Peng YT, Lin YM, Zhang HP, Tian JQ. Semaglutide combined with empagliflozin vs. monotherapy for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in type 2 diabetes: Study protocol for a randomized clinical trial. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302155. [PMID: 38701096 PMCID: PMC11068176 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is strongly associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Lifestyle intervention remains a preferred treatment modality for NAFLD. The glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) receptor agonists and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors have been developed as new glucose-lowering drugs, which can improve fatty liver via an insulin-independent glucose-lowering effect. However, studies exploring the efficacy of GLP-1 receptor agonists combined with SGLT-2 inhibitors in patients with NAFLD and T2DM are scanty. Thus, the present randomised controlled trial aims at comparing the efficacy and safety of semaglutide plus empagliflozin with each treatment alone in patients with NAFLD and T2DM. METHODS This 52-week double-blinded, randomised, parallel-group, active-controlled trial evaluates the effects of semaglutide, empagliflozin and semaglutide + empagliflozin in 105 eligible overweight/obese subjects with NAFLD and T2DM. The primary outcome will be a change from baseline to week 52 in the controlled attenuation parameter, free fatty acid and glucagon. Secondary endpoints include changes in liver stiffness measurement, liver enzymes, blood glucose, lipid levels, renal function, electrolyte balances, minerals and bone metabolism, cytokines, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, ferritin, anthropometric indicators, nonalcoholic fatty liver fibrosis score, fibrosis 4 score and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance. In addition, intention-to-treat, interim analysis and safety analysis will be performed. DISCUSSION This double-blinded, randomised, clinical trial involves a multi-disciplinary approach and aims to explore the synergistic effects of the combination of semaglutide and empagliflozin. The results can provide important insights into mechanisms of GLP-1 receptor agonists and/or SGLT-2 inhibitors in patients with NAFLD and T2DM. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study has been registered with Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2300070674).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hao Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiamen Humanity Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiamen Humanity Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jin-Qing Zhong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiamen Humanity Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zhi-Yi Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiamen Humanity Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yi-Ting Peng
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yan-Mei Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiamen Humanity Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Huo-Ping Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Xiamen Humanity Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jian-Qing Tian
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiamen Humanity Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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Otero Sanchez L, Chen Y, Lassailly G, Qi X. Exploring the links between types 2 diabetes and liver-related complications: A comprehensive review. United European Gastroenterol J 2024; 12:240-251. [PMID: 38103189 PMCID: PMC10954434 DOI: 10.1002/ueg2.12508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes has been steadily increasing, presenting a significant global public health challenge. These epidemiological trends can be attributed to significant lifestyle changes in modern societies, characterized by sedentary behavior and the consumption of hypercaloric, highly processed foods, along with the aging of the human population. As a result, it has become crucial for both public healthcare systems and healthcare providers to prioritize the management of diabetes and identify its systemic consequences. Emerging research has shed light on the links and risks between diabetes and liver events. This comprehensive review aims to explore the complex interplay between type 2 diabetes mellitus and liver-related outcomes, especially hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis, offering insights into effective methods for detecting liver risk in individuals with diabetes. Additionally, the review will assess the various treatments that could hold the potential for positive outcomes in managing both diabetes and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Otero Sanchez
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatopancreatology and Digestive Oncology, CUB Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Gastroenterology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yuping Chen
- Center of Portal Hypertension, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guillaume Lassailly
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatopancreatology and Digestive Oncology, CUB Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Service des maladies de l'appareil digestif, hôpital Huriez, CHU de Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Xiaolong Qi
- Center of Portal Hypertension, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Liu C, Sun X, Peng J, Yu H, Lu J, Feng Y. Association between dietary vitamin A intake from different sources and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among adults. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1851. [PMID: 38253816 PMCID: PMC10803811 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52077-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become an urgent public health issue with high global prevalence, but data on NAFLD are inconsistent. The association of total dietary vitamin A intake with the NAFLD risk was not well documented in previous studies. To explore the relationship between dietary vitamin A intake from different sources and NAFLD risk among American adults. Data were collected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2007 to 2014. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models were used to estimate the relationship between total dietary vitamin A intake and NAFLD risk. 6,613 adult participants were included. After adjusting potential confounders, the odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of NAFLD for the highest quartile intake of total vitamin A, preformed vitamin A, provitamin A carotenoids were respectively 0.86 (0.69-1.06), 0.97 (0.74-1.28), and 0.78 (0.61-0.99), compared to the lowest quartile. Stratifying gender and age, provitamin A carotenoids intake was inversely associated with NAFLD risk in females and participants aged < 45 years. Dose-response analysis indicated a linear negative relationship between provitamin A carotenoids intake and NAFLD risk. Provitamin A carotenoids intake was inversely associated with NAFLD, especially in women and those aged < 45 years among adult American.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Liu
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- School of Management, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaona Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Qingdao Central Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, Qingdao Central Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Haiqing Yu
- Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiao Lu
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yihui Feng
- School of Rehabilitation Science and Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China.
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Quinn C, Rico MC, Merali C, Barrero CA, Perez-Leal O, Mischley V, Karanicolas J, Friedman SL, Merali S. Secreted folate receptor γ drives fibrogenesis in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis by amplifying TGFβ signaling in hepatic stellate cells. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eade2966. [PMID: 37756380 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.ade2966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is the primary determinant of mortality in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ), a master profibrogenic cytokine, is a promising therapeutic target that has not yet been translated into an effective therapy in part because of liabilities associated with systemic TGFβ antagonism. We have identified that soluble folate receptor γ (FOLR3), which is expressed in humans but not in rodents, is a secreted protein that is elevated in the livers of patients with MASH but not in those with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, those with type II diabetes, or healthy individuals. Global proteomics showed that FOLR3 was the most highly significant MASH-specific protein and was positively correlated with increasing fibrosis stage, consistent with stimulation of activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which are the key fibrogenic cells in the liver. Exposure of HSCs to exogenous FOLR3 led to elevated extracellular matrix (ECM) protein production, an effect synergistically potentiated by TGFβ1. We found that FOLR3 interacts with the serine protease HTRA1, a known regulator of TGFBR, and activates TGFβ signaling. Administration of human FOLR3 to mice induced severe bridging fibrosis and an ECM pattern resembling human MASH. Our study thus uncovers a role of FOLR3 in enhancing fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor Quinn
- Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA 19140 USA
| | - Mario C Rico
- Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA 19140 USA
| | - Carmen Merali
- Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA 19140 USA
| | - Carlos A Barrero
- Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA 19140 USA
| | - Oscar Perez-Leal
- Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA 19140 USA
| | - Victoria Mischley
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - John Karanicolas
- Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA 19140 USA
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Scott L Friedman
- Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Salim Merali
- Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA 19140 USA
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7
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Liu J, Yi P, Liu F. The Effect of Early Time-Restricted Eating vs Later Time-Restricted Eating on Weight Loss and Metabolic Health. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:1824-1834. [PMID: 36702768 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT It remains controversial whether the choice of the daily eating window early or later in time-restricted eating (TRE) intervention (early or later TRE) has different effects on weight loss and metabolic health. OBJECTIVE A network meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the efficacy between early and later TRE in adults with obesity or overweight. METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published until October 16, 2022. We conducted a network meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of early and later TRE on body weight and metabolic parameters, including glycemic metabolism, blood pressure, and lipid profiles. RESULTS Twelve RCTs with 730 obese or overweight adults were included in this meta-analysis. Early TRE and later TRE both elicited moderate reductions in body weight and insulin resistance (IR) (homeostasis model assessment of IR) when compared to non-TRE. Interestingly, early TRE showed more effectiveness than later TRE in improving IR (early vs later TRE: -0.44; 95% CI, -0.86 to -0.02; P < .05), whereas no statistically significant difference was detected in weight loss (early vs later TRE: -0.31 kg; 95% CI, -1.15 to 0.53 kg; P >.05). In addition, early TRE rather than later TRE showed significant benefits in glycemic metabolism and blood pressure when compared to non-TRE. No significant differences between early and later TRE were observed for fasting blood glucose, blood pressure, and lipid profiles. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis suggests that people may choose early TRE for more effective weight management and metabolic benefits. Nevertheless, further large-scale RCTs are warranted to verify our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanhong Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Pan Yi
- Department of Business Group Insurance & Reinsurance, PICC Property and Casualty Company Limited Guangdong Branch, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510600, China
| | - Feng Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
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Cui H, Chang Y, Cao J, Jiang X, Li M. Liver immune and lipid metabolism disorders in mice induced by triphenyl phosphate with or without high fructose and high fat diet. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136543. [PMID: 36150489 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) are frequently detected in food and human samples, and epidemiological studies have found that human exposure to aryl-OPFRs (triphenyl phosphate, TPP) is associated with lipid metabolism. Although toxicity studies suggest a potential obesity risk from TPP exposure, the molecular mechanism remains unclear. This study investigated the subchronic dietary effects on mouse liver significantly changed proteins (SCPs) and elucidated the underlying molecular mechanisms of TPP with or without a high-fructose and high-fat (HFF) diet. Male C57BL/6J mice were exposed to low-dose TPP (corresponding to the oral reference dose, 10 μg/kg body weight (bw)/day) and high-dose TPP (1000 μg/kg bw/day) for 12 weeks. The results showed that exposure to TPP generated changes of liver function and organelle damage as well as increases in total cholesterol and triglyceride levels. TPP exposure at a low dose damaged the liver immune system via major histocompatibility complex-related proteins involved in antigen processing and presentation. TPP exposure at a high dose caused disorders of the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids and steroid hormones, thereby inducing lipid accumulation in the liver. Although 10 μg/kg TPP did not cause serious lipid metabolism disorders in the liver, significant overexpression of fatty acid-binding protein 5, malic enzyme 1, and other related SCPs was observed, which led to disorders of cholesterol metabolism and lipogenesis to activate the proliferator-activated receptor signaling pathway and thus induced potential obesity risks. In addition, lipid metabolism disorders related to TPP were aggravated under the HFF diet, impairing liver mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum function in mice by altering the activity of cytochrome P450 enzyme subfamilies. These findings provide an in-depth understanding of the molecular toxicity mechanisms and health risks associated with subchronic exposure to TPP under different dietary regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yeqian Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiaofeng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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9
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Xu J, Piao C, Qu Y, Liu T, Peng Y, Li Q, Zhao X, Li P, Wu X, Fan Y, Chen B, Yang J. Efficacy and mechanism of Jiedu Tongluo Tiaogan Formula in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus combined with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Study protocol for a parallel-armed, randomized controlled trial. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:924021. [PMID: 36034810 PMCID: PMC9411737 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.924021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The incidence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) combined with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has risen over the years. This comorbid condition significantly increases the probability of cirrhosis, liver cancer, and mortality compared to the disease alone. The multi-targeted, holistic treatment efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) plays a vital role in the treatment of T2DM and NAFLD. Jiedu Tongluo Tiaogan Formula (JTTF), based on TCM theory, is widely used in clinical treatment, and its effectiveness in lowering glucose, regulating lipids, improving insulin resistance, and its pathways of action have been demonstrated in previous studies. However, the mechanism of this formula has not been investigated from a metabolomics perspective. Moreover, high-quality clinical studies on T2DM combined with NAFLD are lacking. Therefore, we aim to conduct a clinical trial to investigate the clinical efficacy, safety, and possible pathways of JTTF in the treatment of T2DM combined with NAFLD using metabolomics techniques. Methods: A total of 98 participants will be recruited to this clinical trial and randomly assigned to either a treatment group (JTTF + conventional basic treatment) or control group (conventional basic treatment) in a 1:1 ratio. Both groups will have received the same lifestyle interventions in the preceding 12 weeks. The primary outcome will be change in visceral fat area and total score on the TCM syndromes efficacy score scale. The secondary outcome will include changes in ultrasound steatosis grade, fibrosis 4 score (FIB-4), metabolic parameters, anthropometric parameters, visceral fat area. In addition, serum and urine samples collected at baseline and at the end of 12 weeks of treatment will be sequentially tested for untargeted and targeted metabolomics. Discussion: This study will evaluate the efficacy and safety of JTTF, as well as investigate the differential metabolites and possible mechanisms of JTTF treatment in T2DM combined with NAFLD. We hypothesize that patients will benefit from JTTF, which may provide strong evidence for the clinical use of JTTF in the treatment of T2DM and NAFLD, leading to the possibility of further mechanistic exploration. Clinical Trial Registration: This clinical trial has been registered in China Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR 2100051174).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghan Xu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunli Piao
- Shenzhen Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Futian), Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Chunli Piao,
| | - Yue Qu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianjiao Liu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuting Peng
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Li
- Shenzhen Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Futian), Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhao
- Shenzhen Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Futian), Shenzhen, China
| | - Pei Li
- Shenzhen Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Futian), Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuemin Wu
- Shenzhen Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Futian), Shenzhen, China
| | - Yawen Fan
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Binqin Chen
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Jilin, China
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10
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Bai S, Zhou J, Nong X, Shi R, Yuan Z, Ma C, Li J. Mechanism and effects of artesunate on the liver function of rats with type 1 diabetic periodontitis. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2022; 100:741-754. [PMID: 35500287 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2021-0665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the gums. Periodontitis in patients with diabetes can aggravate insulin resistance, but its molecular and biological mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the effects of diabetic periodontitis on liver function and determine the mechanism by which artesunate improves liver function. Rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes were divided into five groups, i.e., normal control group (NC group), diabetic periodontitis group (DM+PD group), artesunate intervention group (ART group), insulin intervention group (INS group), and combined medication intervention group (ART+INS group). Drug interventions were then administered to the rats in each group as follows: 50 mg/kg artesunate to the ART group, 6 U/kg insulin to the INS group, and 50 mg/kg artesunate + 6 U/kg insulin to the ART+INS group. Blood samples, liver tissues, and the maxillary alveolar bone were collected post-sacrifice. ART was found to significantly ameliorate hyperglycemia, blood lipid levels, and liver function. The levels of inflammatory factors reduced; the effect was more pronounced in the ART+INS group. Artesunate presumably inhibits the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and expression of downstream inflammatory factors, thereby exerting a protective effect on diabetes-related liver function. This offers a fresh approach to treat diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuoqiu Bai
- Guangxi Medical University, 74626, Nanning, Guangxi, China;
| | - Jingjing Zhou
- Guangxi Medical University, 74626, Nanning, Guangxi, China;
| | - Xiaolin Nong
- Guangxi Medical University, 74626, Nanning, China;
| | - Rongkang Shi
- Guangxi Medical University, 74626, Nanning, Guangxi, China;
| | - Zhong Yuan
- Guangxi Medical University, 74626, Nanning, Guangxi, China;
| | - Chubin Ma
- Guangxi Medical University, 74626, Nanning, Guangxi, China;
| | - Jiaquan Li
- Guangxi Medical University, 74626, Nanning, Guangxi, China;
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11
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Dysregulation of S-adenosylmethionine Metabolism in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Leads to Polyamine Flux and Oxidative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23041986. [PMID: 35216100 PMCID: PMC8878801 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23041986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the number one cause of chronic liver disease worldwide, with 25% of these patients developing nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NASH significantly increases the risk of cirrhosis and decompensated liver failure. Past studies in rodent models have shown that glycine-N-methyltransferase (GNMT) knockout results in rapid steatosis, fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma progression. However, the attenuation of GNMT in subjects with NASH and the molecular basis for its impact on the disease process is still unclear. To address this knowledge gap, we show the reduction of GNMT protein levels in the liver of NASH subjects compared to healthy controls. To gain insight into the impact of decreased GNMT in the disease process, we performed global label-free proteome studies on the livers from a murine modified amylin diet-based model of NASH. Histological and molecular characterization of the animal model demonstrate a high resemblance to human disease. We found that a reduction of GNMT leads to a significant increase in S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet), an essential metabolite for transmethylation reactions and a substrate for polyamine synthesis. Further targeted proteomic and metabolomic studies demonstrated a decrease in GNMT transmethylation, increased flux through the polyamine pathway, and increased oxidative stress production contributing to NASH pathogenesis.
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12
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Yan S, Ruan J, Wang Y, Xu J, Sun C, Niu Y. Association of Prenatal Famine Exposure With Inflammatory Markers and Its Impact on Adulthood Liver Function Across Consecutive Generations. Front Nutr 2022; 8:758633. [PMID: 35047538 PMCID: PMC8762197 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.758633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although there has been increasing recognition that famine exposure in the fetal stage damages liver function in adulthood, this deteriorated effect could be extended to the next generation remains vague. This study aimed to explore whether famine exposure was associated with liver function in the two consecutive generations, and its association with the mediation role of inflammatory markers. We analyzed the data of 2,681 participants from Suihua rural area, Heilongjiang Province, China. According to the date of birth, the participants were classified as fetal exposed and nonexposed. The F2 subjects were classified as having no parents exposed to famine, maternal famine exposure, paternal famine exposure, or parental famine exposure. In the mixed-effect models, prenatal exposure to famine was associated with the elevation of Δ aspartate aminotransferase (ΔAST) (β: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.43) and Δ alanine aminotransferase (ΔALT) (β: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.19, 0.66) levels in F1 adults. The mediation analysis showed that the inflammatory markers including serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) might mediate the famine-liver function association. This longitudinal data were consistent with the hypothesis that the inflammatory markers explained part of the influence of prenatal famine exposure on liver function injury, and the natal mechanism was needed to be elucidated in the future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Yan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jingqi Ruan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiaxu Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Changhao Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yucun Niu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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13
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Khan AH, Hwang SH, Barnett SD, Burkhan A, Jankiewicz WK, Hammock BD, Imig JD. Multitarget molecule, PTUPB, to treat diabetic nephropathy in rats. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:4468-4484. [PMID: 34255857 PMCID: PMC8863090 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Diabetic nephropathy is a common complications related to high morbidity and mortality in type 2 diabetes. We investigated the action of the dual modulator, PTUPB, a soluble epoxide hydrolase and cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor against diabetic nephropathy. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Sixteen-week-old type 2 diabetic and proteinuric obese ZSF1 rats were treated with vehicle, PTUPB or enalapril for 8 weeks. Measurements were made of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, thromboxane B2 (TBX2 ) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ) in the kidney of these and lean ZSF1 rats along with their blood pressure. KEY RESULT Obese ZSF1 rats were diabetic with fivefold higher fasting blood glucose levels and markedly higher HbA1c levels compared with lean ZSF1 rats. PTUPB nor enalapril reduced fasting blood glucose or HbA1c but alleviated the development of diabetic nephropathy. In PTUPB-treated obese ZSF1 rats, glomerular nephrin expression was preserved. Enalapril also alleviated diabetic nephropathy. Diabetic renal injury in obese ZSF1 rats was accompanied by renal inflammation with six to sevenfold higher urinary MCP-1 (CCR2) level and renal infiltration of CD-68 positive cells. PTUPB and enalapril significantly reduced urinary MCP-1 levels and renal mRNA expression of cytokines. Both PTUPB and enalapril lowered blood pressure. PTUPB but not enalapril decreased hyperlipidaemia and liver injury in obese ZSF1 rats. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Overall, the dual modulator PTUPB does not treat hyperglycaemia but can effectively alleviate hypertension, diabetic nephropathy, hyperlipidaemia and liver injury in type 2 diabetic rats. Our data further demonstrate that the renal actions of PTUPB are comparable with a current standard diabetic nephropathy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Hye Khan
- Drug Discovery Center and Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Sung Hee Hwang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Scott D. Barnett
- Drug Discovery Center and Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Anna Burkhan
- Drug Discovery Center and Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Wojciech K. Jankiewicz
- Drug Discovery Center and Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - John D. Imig
- Drug Discovery Center and Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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14
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Nguyen VH, Le MH, Cheung RC, Nguyen MH. Differential Clinical Characteristics and Mortality Outcomes in Persons With NAFLD and/or MAFLD. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 19:2172-2181.e6. [PMID: 34033923 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2021.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) establishes new criteria for diagnosing fatty liver disease independent of alcohol intake and concomitant viral hepatitis infection. However, the long-term outcomes of patients with MAFLD are sparse. We aimed to describe the characteristics and long-term survival of persons meeting criteria for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) only (non-MAFLD NAFLD), for both NAFLD and MAFLD (NAFLD-MAFLD), and for MAFLD only (non-NAFLD MAFLD). METHODS Using data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) 1988-1994, 2997 participants with fatty liver identified via ultrasound were categorized into 3 distinct groups: non-MAFLD NAFLD, NAFLD-MAFLD, and non-NAFLD MAFLD. RESULTS Participants in the NAFLD-MAFLD and non-NAFLD MAFLD groups were older, had more metabolic traits and higher mean liver enzymes. Nearly 8% of participants in the non-NAFLD MAFLD group had advanced fibrosis (Fibrosis-4 index >2.67), while only 1.3% and 1.9% in the NAFLD-MAFLD and non-MAFLD NAFLD groups did, respectively (P < .0001). Non-NAFLD MAFLD participants had the highest cumulative incidence of all-cause mortality (26.2%) followed by those with NAFLD-MAFLD then non-MAFLD NAFLD participants (21.1% and 10.6%, respectively; P < .0001). Similar findings were observed for cardiovascular disease-related and other-cause (noncardiovascular disease, noncancer) mortality. Non-NAFLD MAFLD was independently associated with all-cause mortality compared with non-MAFLD NAFLD (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-4.6; P = .01). CONCLUSIONS MAFLD criteria identified a significant group of people with more comorbidities and worse prognosis compared with those with NAFLD only. These criteria should be considered in the general population to identify high-risk groups for early interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vy H Nguyen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California
| | - Michael H Le
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California
| | - Ramsey C Cheung
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Palo Alto Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
| | - Mindie H Nguyen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California.
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15
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Arshad T, Paik JM, Biswas R, Alqahtani SA, Henry L, Younossi ZM. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Prevalence Trends Among Adolescents and Young Adults in the United States, 2007-2016. Hepatol Commun 2021; 5:1676-1688. [PMID: 34558817 PMCID: PMC8485885 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the burden of NAFLD among adolescents and young adults has become increasingly relevant. Our aim was to estimate the prevalence of NAFLD among adolescents and young adults in the United States. Data were obtained from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2007-2016. Adolescents and young adults aged 12 to 29 years were included. NAFLD was determined by the U.S. Fatty Liver Index in the absence of secondary causes of liver disease, and the differences in prevalence trends were analyzed based on age, gender, and race. Complete data were available for 4,654 adolescents and young adults (mean age 21 years; 50.9% male; 56.8% White, 20.9% Hispanic, and 13.3% Black). The overall prevalence of NAFLD among adolescents and young adults was 18.5%, ranging from 13.2% among early and middle adolescents (12-17 years) to 18.7% among late adolescents and young adults (18-24 years), to 24.0% among older young adults (25-30 years) (trend P < 0.001). The prevalence of NAFLD was higher for boys than for girls (aged 12-17: 15.1% vs. 11.3%; aged 18-24: 21.1% vs. 16.2%; aged 25-30: 28.7% vs. 19.2%, all P < 0.030). Among all age groups, Hispanics had a higher prevalence of NAFLD than Whites and Blacks (pairwise P < 0.001). Over the study time period, the prevalence of NAFLD among early and middle adolescents and young adults did not change (trend P > 0.80). In contrast, NAFLD prevalence among late adolescents increased (trend P = 0.018). In fact, White and Hispanic late adolescents were the drivers behind this increase in the prevalence of NAFLD. Conclusion: These data indicate an increasing trend in NAFLD prevalence among 18-24-year-olds. These data have important public health and policy implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamoore Arshad
- Center for Liver DiseaseDepartment of MedicineInova Fairfax Medical CampusFalls ChurchVAUSA
| | - James M. Paik
- Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated ResearchInova Health SystemFalls ChurchVAUSA
| | - Rakesh Biswas
- Center for Liver DiseaseDepartment of MedicineInova Fairfax Medical CampusFalls ChurchVAUSA
| | - Saleh A. Alqahtani
- Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMDUSA
- Center for Outcomes Research in Liver DiseaseWashingtonDCUSA
| | - Linda Henry
- Center for Outcomes Research in Liver DiseaseWashingtonDCUSA
| | - Zobair M. Younossi
- Center for Liver DiseaseDepartment of MedicineInova Fairfax Medical CampusFalls ChurchVAUSA
- Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated ResearchInova Health SystemFalls ChurchVAUSA
- Inova MedicineInova Health SystemFalls ChurchVAUSA
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16
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Bellanti F, Vendemiale G. Coronavirus disease 2019 and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Hepatol 2021; 13:969-978. [PMID: 34630869 PMCID: PMC8473503 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v13.i9.969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may present with a broad range of clinical manifestations, from no or mild symptoms to severe disease. Patients with specific pre-existing comorbidities, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, are at high risk of coming out with a critical form of COVID-19. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease, and, because of its frequent association with metabolic alterations including obesity and type 2 diabetes, it has recently been re-named as metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Several studies and systematic reviews pointed out the increased risk of severe COVID-19 in NAFLD/MAFLD patients. Even though dedicated mechanistic studies are missing, this higher probability may be justified by systemic low-grade chronic inflammation associated with immune dysregulation in NAFLD/MAFLD, which could trigger cytokine storm and hypercoagulable state after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. This review focuses on the predisposing role of NAFLD/MAFLD in favoring severe COVID-19, discussing the available information on specific risk factors, clinical features, outcomes, and pathogenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bellanti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia 71122, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Vendemiale
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia 71122, Italy
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17
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Fanti M, Mishra A, Longo VD, Brandhorst S. Time-Restricted Eating, Intermittent Fasting, and Fasting-Mimicking Diets in Weight Loss. Curr Obes Rep 2021; 10:70-80. [PMID: 33512641 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-021-00424-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article reviews the current literature on dietary interventions, including time-restricted eating (TRE), intermittent fasting (IF), and fasting-mimicking diets (FMD) and their effects on weight loss. RECENT FINDINGS Dietary interventions, primarily known for their potential health benefits, are attracting considerable interest also for their effects on weight loss. The literature suggests that many popular diets can induce weight loss but only a limited number of studies actually demonstrate long-term weight loss efficacy. Here we present an update on the latest studies on some of the most popular dietary interventions able to trigger the physiology of fasting and highlight their impact on weight loss in overweight or obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura Fanti
- Longevity Institute and Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Amrendra Mishra
- Longevity Institute and Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Valter D Longo
- Longevity Institute and Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Sebastian Brandhorst
- Longevity Institute and Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
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18
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Ma C, Liu Y, He S, Zeng J, Li P, Ma C, Ping F, Zhang H, Xu L, Li W, Li Y. Negative association between antioxidant vitamin intake and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Chinese non-diabetic adults: mediation models involving superoxide dismutase. Free Radic Res 2020; 54:670-677. [PMID: 32985285 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2020.1825705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to explore the association between antioxidant vitamin intake, oxidative stress related markers and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by a cross-sectional analysis. A total of 241 non-diabetic participants from a Chinese rural cohort were included. NAFLD was diagnosed by abdominal ultrasound (NAFLD, n = 71; Non-NAFLD, n = 171). Dietary intake was assessed by a 24-h food recall. Plasma oxidative stress related markers superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR) and 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine(8-oxo-dG) were measured. The association between dietary antioxidant vitamin intake, oxidative stress related markers and NAFLD were analysed by Spearman correlation analysis and multiple logistic regression analysis. Mediation models were established to examine whether SOD mediated the association between dietary vitamin A or α-tocopherol intake and NAFLD. Spearman correlation analysis indicated that dietary vitamin A and α-tocopherol intake were positively correlated with SOD (p < .05). Multiple logistic regression analysis found plasma SOD, dietary vitamin A and α-tocopherol intake were inversely associated with NAFLD (all p < .05). Mediation analysis indicated that SOD significantly mediated the indirect effect of dietary α-tocopherol (mediated effect = 13.21% total effect) or vitamin A (mediated effect = 3.12% total effect) intake on NAFLD. Our study indicated that dietary vitamin A and α-tocopherol intake may contribute to protect from NAFLD in Chinese non-diabetics, and the associations were partly mediated by SOD. However, SOD only accounted for a minor percentage of the association between vitamin A intake and NAFLD. Thus, other mechanisms underlying antioxidant vitamin' protective effect on NAFLD need further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chifa Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiwen Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuli He
- Department of Nutrition, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jingbo Zeng
- Department of Endocrinology, Fuxing Hospital, the Eighth Clinical Medical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Pingping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunxiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Ping
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huabing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lingling Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxiu Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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19
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Zhang X, Bai R, Jia Y, Zong J, Wang Y, Dong Y. The effect of liraglutide on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-020-00857-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aims
The objective is to investigate the effects of liraglutide on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Materials and methods
Thirty-two patients with T2DM and NAFLD admitted to the Third Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University from December 2014 to December 2016 were selected, including 11 females and 21 males, aged 39.34 ± 8.54 years old. The patients were given liraglutide on the basis of their original hypoglycemic regimen.
Results
After 3 months treatment of liraglutide, FPG was reduced from 8.54 ± 2.21 mmol/L to 6.90 ± 1.73 mmol/L. HbA1c was reduced from 9.72 ± 1.95 to 7.78 ± 1.99. WC was reduced from 103.27 ± 9.92 kg to 93.97 ± 8.35 kg. BMI was reduced from 30.56 ± 4.06 kg/m2 to 28.01 ± 3.12 kg/m2. FLI was reduced from 79.23 ± 16.56 to 58.83 ± 19.75. The differences were statistically significant (p < 0.001). TG was reduced from 2.95 ± 2.13 mmol/L to 2.27 ± 1.31 mmol/L. The difference was significant (p < 0.01). Meanwhile, HOMA-IR was reduced from 1.504 ± 0.002 to 1.503 ± 0.002. GGT was reduced from 62.63 ± 71.61 U/L to 38.13 ± 30.13 U/L. AST was reduced from 27.25 ± 13.74 U/L to 25.44 ± 16.69 U/L. The differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05). After treatment, FCP, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, ALT, and HOMA-β were also improved compared with before treatment, but the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05).
Conclusion
In addition to effectively lowering glucose and improving islet resistance, liraglutide could also improve obesity and adjust blood lipids. However, the improvement of islet function might not be significant after 3 months of treatment. Liraglutide could reduce liver fat accumulation in patients with T2DM and NAFLD.
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20
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Pei X, Meng S, Gou C, Du Q. [Expression of high mobility group protein B1 in periodontal tissues and its association with hepatic lipid metabolism in diabetic rats with periodontitis]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2020; 40:6-12. [PMID: 32376562 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2020.01.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of high mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1) and its downstream products, receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), in periodontal tissues of diabetic rats with periodontitis, and explore the association of HMGB1 with hepatic lipid metabolism. METHODS Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of HMGB1, RAGE and TNF-α in the periodontal tissues in rat models of diabetes mellitus (DM), periodontitis (CP), and diabetic periodontitis (DM + CP). The serum levels of the indicators of lipid metabolism and biochemical indexes of liver damage were detected by spectroscopy. RESULTS The expressions of HMGB1 and RAGE in the periodontal tissues were significantly higher in DM group than in the control group, but the expression of TNF-α showed no significant difference among the groups. In CP group, the expressions of HMGB1 and TNF-α were significantly higher than those in the control group, and the expression of RAGE was comparable with that in the control group but significantly lower than that in DM and DM+CP group. The expressions of HMGB1, RAGE and TNF-α were all significantly higher in DM+CP group than in the control group. Compared with the control rats, the rats in DM, CP, DM+CP group all showed abnormal hepatic lipid metabolism with significantly elevated serum ALT levels. CONCLUSIONS HMGB1 and RAGE participate in the inflammation of the periodontal tissues in diabetic rats. Diabetes leads to elevated expression of HMGB1 in the periodontal tissues. Both periodontitis and hyperglycemia contribute to liver metabolic dysfunction. HMGB1- RAGE provides clues in the study of signaling pathways underlying the mutual susceptibility of diabetes and periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinfo Pei
- Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Department of Stomatology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shu Meng
- Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ce Gou
- West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qin Du
- Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China.,School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu 610054, China
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