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Tee PYE, Krishnan T, Cheong XT, Maniam SAP, Looi CY, Ooi YY, Chua CLL, Fung SY, Chia AYY. A review on the cultivation, bioactive compounds, health-promoting factors and clinical trials of medicinal mushrooms Taiwanofungus camphoratus, Inonotus obliquus and Tropicoporus linteus. Fungal Biol Biotechnol 2024; 11:7. [PMID: 38987829 PMCID: PMC11238383 DOI: 10.1186/s40694-024-00176-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Medicinal mushrooms, such as Taiwanofungus camphoratus, Inonotus obliquus, and Tropicoporus linteus, have been used in traditional medicine for therapeutic purposes and promotion of overall health in China and many East Asian countries for centuries. Modern pharmacological studies have demonstrated the large amounts of bioactive constituents (such as polysaccharides, triterpenoids, and phenolic compounds) available in these medicinal mushrooms and their potential therapeutic properties. Due to the rising demand for the health-promoting medicinal mushrooms, various cultivation methods have been explored to combat over-harvesting of the fungi. Evidence of the robust pharmacological properties, including their anticancer, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, antioxidant, and antiviral activities, have been provided in various studies, where the health-benefiting properties of the medicinal fungi have been further proven through numerous clinical trials. In this review, the cultivation methods, available bioactive constituents, therapeutic properties, and potential uses of T. camphoratus, I. obliquus and T. linteus are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe Yon Ern Tee
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Thiiben Krishnan
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Xin Tian Cheong
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Snechaa A P Maniam
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chung Yeng Looi
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yin Yin Ooi
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Caroline Lin Lin Chua
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shin-Yee Fung
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Building, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Adeline Yoke Yin Chia
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Seephonkai P, Theerapong T, Jaikhan S, Klinhom U, Kaewtong C. Characterisation of indole alkaloids and phenolic acids from wild mushroom Tropicoporus linteus and its chemical profiles compared with other Sanghuang mushrooms. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:198-205. [PMID: 35983727 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2112036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Two new indole alkaloids, 1-methylindole-7-methoxy-3-carboxaldehyde (2) and 7-methoxyindole-3-carboxaldehyde (4), together with 7-methoxyindole-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester (1) and 1-methylindole-3-carbaldehyde (3) were isolated from the fruiting bodies of wild Sanghuang mushroom Tropicoporus linteus (TL663). TLC, 1H-NMR and LC-MS chemical profiles of this mushroom compared with other three genera of wild Sanghuang mushroom extracts were investigated. The TLC, 1H-NMR and LC-MS profiles of TL663 and Sanghuangporus sanghuang (SS664) were similar and significantly different from other mushrooms. These two samples indicated the same TLC chromatograms by showing prominent bands of 1 - 4 when observed under UV 254 nm and having sharp aldehyde proton signals of 3-carboxaldehyde indole type in 1H-NMR spectra. From LC-MS analyses, peaks of isolated compounds 1 - 4 and indole-3-carboxaldehyde (5) in TL663 extract and peaks of protocatechuic acid (6), caffeic aldehyde (7), caffeic acid (8) and 3,4-dihydroxybenzalacetone (9) phenolic acids in TL663 fraction were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prapairat Seephonkai
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Khamriang, Maha Sarakham, Thailand
| | - Thidaphon Theerapong
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Khamriang, Maha Sarakham, Thailand
| | - Surutsawadee Jaikhan
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Khamriang, Maha Sarakham, Thailand
| | - Usa Klinhom
- Amazing Grace Health Products, Pathumthani, Muang, Thailand
| | - Chatthai Kaewtong
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Khamriang, Maha Sarakham, Thailand
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Wang W, Song J, Lu N, Yan J, Chen G. Sanghuangporus sanghuang extract inhibits the proliferation and invasion of lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Nutr Res Pract 2023; 17:1070-1083. [PMID: 38053828 PMCID: PMC10694423 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2023.17.6.1070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Sanghuangporus sanghuang (SS) has various medicinal effects, including anti-inflammation and anticancer activities. Despite the extensive research on SS, its molecular mechanisms of action on lung cancer are unclear. This study examined the impact of an SS alcohol extract (SAE) on lung cancer using in vitro and in vivo models. MATERIALS/METHODS Different concentrations of SAE were used to culture lung cancer cells (A549 and H1650). A cell counting kit-8 assay was used to detect the survival ability of A549 and H1650 cells. A scratch assay and transwell cell invasion assay were used to detect the migration rate and invasive ability of SAE. Western blot analysis was used to detect the expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl2-associated X (Bax), cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinases 4 (CDK4), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3). Lung cancer xenograft mice were used to detect the inhibiting ability of SAE in vivo. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the effect of SAE on the structural changes to the tumor and the expression of Bcl-2, Bax, cyclin D1, CDK4, STAT3, and p-STAT3 in lung cancer xenograft mice. RESULTS SAE could inhibit lung cancer proliferation significantly in vitro and in vivo without cytotoxicity. SAE suppressed the viability, migration, and invasion of lung cancer cells in a dose and time-dependent manner. The SAE treatment significantly decreased the proapoptotic Bcl-2/Bax ratio and the expression of pro-proliferative proteins Cyclin D1 and CDK4 in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, SAE also inhibited STAT3 expression. CONCLUSIONS SAE reduced the cell viability and suppressed cell migration and invasion in human lung cancer cells. Moreover, SAE also exhibited anti-proliferation effects in vivo. Therefore, SAE may have benefits in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weike Wang
- Institute of Vegetable Science, Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Jiling Song
- Institute of Vegetable Science, Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Na Lu
- Institute of Vegetable Science, Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Jing Yan
- Institute of Vegetable Science, Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Guanping Chen
- Cancer Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, China
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Chalertpet K, Sangkheereeput T, Somjit P, Bankeeree W, Yanatatsaneejit P. Effect of Smilax spp. and Phellinus linteus combination on cytotoxicity and cell proliferation of breast cancer cells. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:177. [PMID: 37264344 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04003-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the prevalence of breast cancer (BC) has been reduced in recent years, proficient therapeutic regimens should be further investigated with the aim of further reducing the mortality rate. To obtain more effective treatment, the present study aimed to observe the effects of PL synergistically combined with Smilax corbularia and S. glabra extracts (PSS) on BC cell lines, MCF7, T47D, MDA-MB-231, and MDA-MB-468. METHODS The half-maximal inhibition (IC50) concentrations of PSS and PL were determined in a dose- and time-dependent manner using MTT assay. The activity of PSS and PL on anti-BC proliferation was evaluated using BrdU assay, and colony formation assay. Moreover, cell cycle analysis and apoptosis induction as a result of PSS and PL exposure were investigated using propidium iodide (PI) staining and co-staining of annexin V DY634 and PI combined flow cytometric analysis, respectively. Finally, changes in the mRNA expression of genes involved in proliferative and apoptotic pathways (MKI67, HER2, EGFR, MDM2, TNFα, PI3KCA, KRAS, BAX, and CASP8) were explored using RT-qPCR following PSS and PL treatment. RESULTS The PSS and PL extracts exhibited significant potential in BC cytotoxicity which were in were in dose- and time-dependent response. This inhibition of cell growth was due to the suppression of cell proliferation, the cell cycle arrest, and the induction of apoptosis. Additionally, an investigation of the underlying molecular mechanism revealed that PSS and PL are involved in downregulation of the MKI67, HER2, EGFR, MDM2, TNFα, and PI3KCA expression. CONCLUSIONS This present study has suggested that PSS and PL possess anti-BC proliferative activity mediated via the downregulation of genes participating in the relevant pathways. PSS or PL may be combined with other agents to alleviate the adverse side effects resulted from conventional chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanwalat Chalertpet
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Human Genetics Research Group, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Thanawitch Sangkheereeput
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Human Genetics Research Group, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Prakaithip Somjit
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Human Genetics Research Group, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Wichanee Bankeeree
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Plant Biomass Utilization Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Pattamawadee Yanatatsaneejit
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Human Genetics Research Group, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Liu T, Zhao M, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Yuan B, Zhao C, Wang M. Integrated microbiota and metabolite profiling analysis of prebiotic characteristics of Phellinus linteus polysaccharide in vitro fermentation. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124854. [PMID: 37182617 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Phellinus linteus polysaccharide (PLP) had received increasing attention due to its multiple biological activities. Herein, the extraction, characterization and in vitro fermentation of PLP were studied to explore its physiochemical properties and the interaction mechanism between the gut microbiota and PLP. The results obtained demonstrated that PLP was mainly composed of 9 monosaccharides, with three gel chromatographic peaks and molecular weights (Mw) of 308.45 kDa, 13.58 kD and 3.33 kDa, respectively. After 48 h fermentation, the Mw, total sugar, reducing sugar, pH and monosaccharides composition were decreased. Furthermore, PLP regulated the composition of gut microbiota, such as promoting the proliferation of beneficial bacteria such as Bacteroides, Prevotella and Butyricimonas, while preventing the growth of pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia-Shigella, Morganella and Intestinimonas. Gut microbiota metabolites regulated by PLP such as short-chain fatty acids were the main regulators that impact the host health. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that butyrate, bile acid and purine metabolism were the main metabolic pathways of PLP regulating host health, and the Bacteroides was the key genus to regulate these metabolic pathways. In conclusion, our finding suggested that PLP may be used as a prebiotic agent for human health because of its ability to regulate gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Min Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yumeng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zheyong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Bo Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Chunjie Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Miao Wang
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
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Deshmukh D, Hsu YF, Chiu CC, Jadhao M, Hsu SCN, Hu SY, Yang SH, Liu W. Antiangiogenic potential of Lepista nuda extract suppressing MAPK/p38 signaling-mediated developmental angiogenesis in zebrafish and HUVECs. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 159:114219. [PMID: 36621144 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The medicinal properties of natural/edible plant products and their use are popular in traditional practice owing to their nutritional contents with little to no side effects. Lepista nuda (L. nuda), an edible mushroom (Clitocybe nuda, commonly known as blewit), has attracted researchers to evaluate its contents and the mechanism of its activities. In the current study, we focused on evaluating the antiangiogenic effects of L. nuda water extract on zebrafish development and in vitro human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) tube formation. Bioactive components such as ergothioneine, eritadenine, and adenosine were identified and quantified by HPLC analysis. The L. nuda extract showed antiangiogenic properties and inhibited intersegmental vessel (ISV), caudal vein plexus (CVP), hyaloid vessel (HV), and subintestinal vessel (SIV) development in Tg (fli1: EGFP) zebrafish embryos. The expression of angiogenesis-related genes (vegfaa, kdrl, vegfba, flt1, kdr) was affected following L. nuda extract treatment. L. nuda extract attenuated in vitro HUVEC tube formation, migration, and invasion. Furthermore, inhibition of MAPK/p38 signaling and depletion of proangiogenic genes, including growth factors (fgf, ang2, and vegfa); primary and accessory receptors (tie2, vegfr2, and eng); MMPs (mmp1 and mmp2); and cytokines (il-1α, il-1β, il-6, and tnf-α) was observed in HUVECs following L. nuda treatment. An in vivo zebrafish xenograft assay showed that L. nuda extract inhibited HuCCT1 cell-induced SIV sprouting in HuCCT1-injected embryos. Collectively, the results suggest that L. nuda could be a potential inhibitor of angiogenesis limiting cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanashri Deshmukh
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Ya Fen Hsu
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Chih Chiu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan; National Laboratory Animal Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
| | - Mahendra Jadhao
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
| | - Sodio C N Hsu
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Shao-Yang Hu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan.
| | - Shu-Hui Yang
- Department of Management and Utilization, Fengshan Tropical Horticultural Experimental Branch, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Wangta Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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Lin YL, Lin MY, Liang CH, Wu CY, Li PH, Liang ZC. Enhanced Yield of Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activities in Four Fermented Beans of Phellinus linteus Strains (Agaricomycetes) by Solid-State Fermentation. Int J Med Mushrooms 2023; 25:43-61. [PMID: 37824405 DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2023049500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Phellinus linteus is a famous medicinal mushroom which exhibits various biological activities. This study aimed to investigate the effects of solid-state fermentation by Ph. linteus on the yield of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities of beans. Four bean substrates were prepared and inoculated with inoculum of three strains of Ph. linteus, respectively. During the cultivation, the harvested samples were dried, grounded, extracted, and determined the contents of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities. The results indicated that the mung bean fermented by Ph. linteus 04 had the highest polysaccharide content (98.8 mg/g). The highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents were in fermented soybeans by Ph. linteus 03 (15.03 mg gallic acid equivalents/g and 63.24 mg rutin equivalents/g, respectively). The 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging activities of hot water extracts were higher than those of ethanolic extracts for fermented beans by three Ph. linteus strains. However, the superoxide anion radical scavenging ability of ethanolic extracts was higher than those of hot water extracts in the fermented beans of the three strains. The ferrous ion (Fe2+)-chelating abilities of hot water extracts were higher than those of ethanolic extracts in fermented beans by Ph. linteus 03 and 04. In contrast, ethanolic extracts were higher than hot water extracts in fermented beans by Ph. linteus 06. Overall, these results indicate that the fermentation by Ph. linteus strains increased the bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities of four beans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Li Lin
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cheng Ching General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Yen Lin
- Division of Urinary Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cheng Ching General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Liang
- Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Chungchou Institute of Technology, Yuanlin, Changhua 51003, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Food Science, Tunghai University, No. 1727, Sec. 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Xitun District, Taichung 40704, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Yeh Wu
- Department of Culinary Arts, Chung Chou University of Science and Technology, Changhua, Changhua 510, Republic of China
| | - Po-Hsien Li
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung 433, Taiwan
| | - Zeng-Chin Liang
- Department of Medicinal Botanicals and Foods on Health Applications, Da-Yeh University, Changhua 515, Taiwan
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Tharavecharak S, D’Alessandro-Gabazza CN, Toda M, Yasuma T, Tsuyama T, Kamei I, Gabazza EC. Culture Conditions for Mycelial Growth and Anti-Cancer Properties of Termitomyces. MYCOBIOLOGY 2023; 51:94-108. [PMID: 37122680 PMCID: PMC10142329 DOI: 10.1080/12298093.2023.2187614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Termitomyces sp. that grow in symbiosis with fungus-farming Termites have medicinal properties. However, they are rare in nature, and their artificial culture is challenging. The expression of AXL receptor tyrosine kinase and immune checkpoint molecules favor the growth of cancer cells. The study evaluated the optimal conditions for the artificial culture of Termitomyces and their inhibitory activity on AXL and immune checkpoint molecules in lung adenocarcinoma and melanoma cell lines. The culture of 45 strains of Termitomyces was compared. Five strains with marked growth rates were selected. Four of the selected strains form a single cluster by sequence analysis. The mycelium of 4 selected strains produces more fungal mass in potato dextrose broth than in a mixed media. The bark was the most appropriate solid substrate for Termitomyces mycelia culture. The mycelium of all five selected strains showed a higher growth rate under normal CO2 conditions. The culture broth, methanol, and ethyl acetate of one selected strain (T-120) inhibited the mRNA relative expression of AXL receptor tyrosine kinase and immune checkpoint molecules in cancer cell lines. Overall, these results suggest the potential usefulness of Termitomyces extracts as a co-adjuvant therapy in malignant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suphachai Tharavecharak
- Graduate School of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | | | - Masaaki Toda
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Taro Yasuma
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Taku Tsuyama
- Graduate School of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kamei
- Graduate School of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Esteban C. Gabazza
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
- CONTACT Esteban C. Gabazza
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Inoue C, Yasuma T, D’Alessandro-Gabazza CN, Toda M, Fridman D’Alessandro V, Inoue R, Fujimoto H, Kobori H, Tharavecharak S, Takeshita A, Nishihama K, Okano Y, Wu J, Kobayashi T, Yano Y, Kawagishi H, Gabazza EC. The Fairy Chemical Imidazole-4-Carboxamide Inhibits the Expression of Axl, PD-L1, and PD-L2 and Improves Response to Cisplatin in Melanoma. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030374. [PMID: 35159184 PMCID: PMC8834508 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The leading cause of death worldwide is cancer. Many reports have proved the beneficial effect of mushrooms in cancer. However, the precise mechanism is not completely clear. In the present study, we focused on the medicinal properties of biomolecules released by fairy ring-forming mushrooms. Fairy chemicals generally stimulate or inhibit the growth of surrounding vegetation. In the present study, we evaluated whether fairy chemicals (2-azahypoxanthine, 2-aza-8-oxohypoxanthine, and imidazole-4-carboxamide) exert anticancer activity by decreasing the expression of Axl and immune checkpoint molecules in melanoma cells. We used B16F10 melanoma cell lines and a melanoma xenograft model in the experiments. Treatment of melanoma xenograft with cisplatin combined with imidazole-4-carboxamide significantly decreased the tumor volume compared to untreated mice or mice treated cisplatin alone. In addition, mice treated with cisplatin and imidazole-4-carboxamide showed increased peritumoral infiltration of T cells compared to mice treated with cisplatin alone. In vitro studies showed that all fairy chemicals, including imidazole-4-carboxamide, inhibit the expression of immune checkpoint molecules and Axl compared to controls. Imidazole-4-carboxamide also significantly blocks the cisplatin-induced upregulation of PD-L1. These observations point to the fairy chemical imidazole-4-carboxamide as a promising coadjuvant therapy with cisplatin in patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisa Inoue
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Mie University Faculty and Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan; (C.I.); (T.Y.); (A.T.); (K.N.); (Y.O.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Taro Yasuma
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Mie University Faculty and Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan; (C.I.); (T.Y.); (A.T.); (K.N.); (Y.O.); (Y.Y.)
- Department of Immunology, Mie University Faculty and Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan; (C.N.D.-G.); (M.T.); (V.F.D.); (R.I.)
| | - Corina N. D’Alessandro-Gabazza
- Department of Immunology, Mie University Faculty and Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan; (C.N.D.-G.); (M.T.); (V.F.D.); (R.I.)
| | - Masaaki Toda
- Department of Immunology, Mie University Faculty and Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan; (C.N.D.-G.); (M.T.); (V.F.D.); (R.I.)
| | - Valeria Fridman D’Alessandro
- Department of Immunology, Mie University Faculty and Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan; (C.N.D.-G.); (M.T.); (V.F.D.); (R.I.)
| | - Ryo Inoue
- Department of Immunology, Mie University Faculty and Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan; (C.N.D.-G.); (M.T.); (V.F.D.); (R.I.)
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
| | - Hajime Fujimoto
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mie University Faculty and Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan; (H.F.); (T.K.)
| | - Hajime Kobori
- Iwade—Research Institute of Mycology Co., Ltd., Tsu 514-0012, Japan;
| | - Suphachai Tharavecharak
- Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan;
| | - Atsuro Takeshita
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Mie University Faculty and Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan; (C.I.); (T.Y.); (A.T.); (K.N.); (Y.O.); (Y.Y.)
- Department of Immunology, Mie University Faculty and Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan; (C.N.D.-G.); (M.T.); (V.F.D.); (R.I.)
| | - Kota Nishihama
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Mie University Faculty and Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan; (C.I.); (T.Y.); (A.T.); (K.N.); (Y.O.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yuko Okano
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Mie University Faculty and Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan; (C.I.); (T.Y.); (A.T.); (K.N.); (Y.O.); (Y.Y.)
- Department of Immunology, Mie University Faculty and Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan; (C.N.D.-G.); (M.T.); (V.F.D.); (R.I.)
| | - Jing Wu
- Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan; (J.W.); (H.K.)
| | - Tetsu Kobayashi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mie University Faculty and Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan; (H.F.); (T.K.)
| | - Yutaka Yano
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Mie University Faculty and Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan; (C.I.); (T.Y.); (A.T.); (K.N.); (Y.O.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Hirokazu Kawagishi
- Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan; (J.W.); (H.K.)
| | - Esteban C. Gabazza
- Department of Immunology, Mie University Faculty and Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan; (C.N.D.-G.); (M.T.); (V.F.D.); (R.I.)
- Correspondence:
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10
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Anusiya G, Gowthama Prabu U, Yamini NV, Sivarajasekar N, Rambabu K, Bharath G, Banat F. A review of the therapeutic and biological effects of edible and wild mushrooms. Bioengineered 2021; 12:11239-11268. [PMID: 34738876 PMCID: PMC8810068 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2001183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout history, mushrooms have occupied an inseparable part of the diet in many countries. Mushrooms are considered a rich source of phytonutrients such as polysaccharides, dietary fibers, and other micronutrients, in addition to various essential amino acids, which are building blocks of vital proteins. In general, mushrooms offer a wide range of health benefits with a large spectrum of pharmacological properties, including antidiabetic, antioxidative, antiviral, antibacterial, osteoprotective, nephroprotective, hepatoprotective, etc. Both wild edible and medicinal mushrooms possess strong therapeutic and biological activities, which are evident from their in vivo and in vitro assays. The multifunctional activities of the mushroom extracts and the targeted potential of each of the compounds in the extracts have a broad range of applications, especially in the healing and repair of various organs and cells in humans. Owing to the presence of the aforementioned properties and rich phytocomposition, mushrooms are being used in the production of nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals. This review aims to provide a clear insight on the commercially cultivated, wild edible, and medicinal mushrooms with comprehensive information on their phytochemical constituents and properties as part of food and medicine for futuristic exploitation. Future outlook and prospective challenges associated with the cultivation and processing of these medicinal mushrooms as functional foods are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Anusiya
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, India
| | - U Gowthama Prabu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, India
| | - N V Yamini
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, India
| | - N Sivarajasekar
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, India
| | - K Rambabu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - G Bharath
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fawzi Banat
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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11
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Nowakowski P, Markiewicz-Żukowska R, Bielecka J, Mielcarek K, Grabia M, Socha K. Treasures from the forest: Evaluation of mushroom extracts as anti-cancer agents. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 143:112106. [PMID: 34482165 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mushrooms provide a reliable source of bioactive compounds and have numerous nutritional values, which is one of the reasons why they are widely used for culinary purposes. They may also be a remedy for several medical conditions, including cancer diseases. Given the constantly increasing number of cancer incidents, the great anticancer potential of mushrooms has unsurprisingly become an object of interest to researchers. Therefore, this review aimed to collect and summarize all the available scientific data on the anti-cancer activity of mushroom extracts. Our research showed that mushroom extracts from 92 species, prepared using 12 different solvents, could reduce the viability of 38 various cancers. Additionally, we evaluated different experimental models: in vitro (cell model), in vivo (mice and rat model, case studies and randomized controlled trials), and in silico. Breast cancer proved to be sensitive to the highest number of mushroom extracts. The curative mechanisms of the studied mushrooms consisted in: inhibition of cancer cell proliferation, unregulated proportion of cells in cell cycle phases, induction of autophagy and phagocytosis, improved response of the immune system, and induction of apoptotic death of cells via upregulation of pro-apoptotic factors and downregulation of anti-apoptotic genes. The processes mainly involved the expression of caspases -3, -8, -9, AKT, p27, p53, BAX, and BCL2. The quoted results could lead to the classification of mushrooms as nutraceuticals used to prevent a variety of disorders or to support treatment of cancer diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patryk Nowakowski
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222 Białystok, Poland.
| | - Renata Markiewicz-Żukowska
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Bielecka
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Konrad Mielcarek
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Monika Grabia
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Socha
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
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12
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Min GJ, Kang HW. Artificial Cultivation Characteristics and Bioactive Effects of Novel Tropicoporus linteus (Syn. Phellinus linteus) Strains HN00K9 and HN6036 in Korea. MYCOBIOLOGY 2021; 49:161-172. [PMID: 37970180 PMCID: PMC10635112 DOI: 10.1080/12298093.2021.1892568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Phellinus strains were collected from different areas in Korea. Of them, the fast mycelial growing strains were artificially cultivated on the oak logs to produce fruiting body. The varieties, Phellinus linteus ASI26099 (Korea Sanghwang) and P. baumii PBJS (Jangsoo Sanghwang) were grown under the same conditions as controls. Their cultivating characteristics including mycelial colonization, pinhead formation, and fruiting body formation rate were investigated on the logs. Basidiocarps of Phellinus strains HN00K9, HN6036, and ASI26099 were concentrically zonate and shallowly sulcate, and dark chestnut showing typical characteristics of Tropicoporus linteus (synonyum: P. linteus, Inonotus linteus, polyporus linteus), which is distinguishably different to PBJS. HN00K9 showed the highest yield of fruiting body among the mushroom strains. The β-glucan content in fruiting bodies of HN00K9 was 20% higher than those of other strains. Bioactive effects of polysaccharide samples from fruiting bodies of Phellinus strains, HN00K9, HN6036, ASI26099, and PBJS were assessed on cell viability and cytokine (IL-6 and TNF-α) inhibition and finally on anticancer to different human cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeong-Jin Min
- Graduate School of Future Convergence Technology, Hankyong National University, Ansung, Korea
| | - Hee-Wan Kang
- Department of Horticultural Biotechnology, Division of Biotechnology, Hankyong National University, Anseong, Korea
- Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Anseong, Korea
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13
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Guo J, Liu X, Li Y, Ji H, Liu C, Zhou L, Huang Y, Bai C, Jiang Z, Wu X. Screening for proteins related to the biosynthesis of hispidin and its derivatives in Phellinus igniarius using iTRAQ proteomic analysis. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:81. [PMID: 33711926 PMCID: PMC7953727 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02134-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hispidin (HIP) and its derivatives, a class of natural fungal metabolites, possess complex chemical structures with extensive pharmacological activities. Phellinus igniarius, the most common source of HIP, can be used as both medicine and food. However, the biosynthetic pathway of HIP in P. igniarius remains unclear and we have a limited understanding of the regulatory mechanisms related to HIP. In this work, we sought to illustrate a biosynthesis system for hispidin and its derivatives at the protein level. Results We found that tricetolatone (TL) is a key biosynthetic precursor in the biosynthetic pathway of hispidin and that its addition led to increased production of hispidin and various hispidin derivatives. Based on the changes in the concentrations of precursors and intermediates, key timepoints in the biosynthetic process were identified. We used isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) to study dynamic changes of related proteins in vitro. The 270 differentially expressed proteins were determined by GO enrichment analysis to be primarily related to energy metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, and environmental stress responses after TL supplementation. The differentially expressed proteins were related to ATP synthase, NAD binding protein, oxidoreductase, and other elements associated with electron transfer and dehydrogenation reactions during the biosynthesis of hispidin and its derivatives. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) technology was used to selectively verify the iTRAQ results, leading us to screen 11 proteins that were predicted to be related to the biosynthesis pathways. Conclution These findings help to clarify the molecular mechanism of biosynthesis of hispidin and its derivatives and may serve as a foundation for future strategies to identify new hispidin derivatives. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-021-02134-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjing Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxi Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, P.R. China
| | - Yuanjie Li
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, P.R. China
| | - Hongyan Ji
- Department of Pharmaceutics, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, P.R. China
| | - Yu Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, P.R. China
| | - Changcai Bai
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, P.R. China
| | - Zhibo Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, 750021, P.R. China
| | - Xiuli Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, P.R. China.
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14
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Zuo K, Tang K, Liang Y, Xu Y, Sheng K, Kong X, Wang J, Zhu F, Zha X, Wang Y. Purification and antioxidant and anti-Inflammatory activity of extracellular polysaccharopeptide from sanghuang mushroom, Sanghuangporus lonicericola. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:1009-1020. [PMID: 32767366 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sanghuang mushrooms are medicinal fungi widely used in eastern Asia. In this study, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of a novel extracellular polysaccharopeptide, sanghuang extracellular polysaccharopeptide (SePSP) was investigated. The SePSP was purified from the submerged fermentation broth of a sanghuang mycelium, Sanghuangporus lonicericola strain CBS17, which was isolated from a wild sanghuang fruiting body. RESULTS The SePSP was extracted using an ethanol precipitation procedure, followed by diethylaminoethanol (DEAE) anion-exchange and size-exclusion chromatography. The mass ratio of the polysaccharide and peptide components in the purified SePSP was approximately 4.87:1. By determining its free radical scavenging abilities using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), the hydroxyl free radical, and the superoxide anion free radical, as well as its total reducing power, SePSP was shown to have strong concentration-dependent antioxidant activity in vitro. Further, SePSP effectively alleviated dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) in mice. Administration of 200 mg kg-1 SePSP by gavage for 7 days prevented body weight loss; significantly reduced the mRNA levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α and IL-1β; increased mRNA level of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in the colon, and decreased the malondialdehyde concentration from 6.42 to 4.82 μmol L-1 in the blood in UC mice. CONCLUSION The SePSP had strong concentration-dependent antioxidant activity in vitro and effectively alleviated DSS-induced UC in mice. The in vivo therapeutic efficacy in DSS-induced UC may be mediated by modulating the expression of inflammatory cytokines and inhibiting oxidative stress. The findings provide a scientific rationale for the use of bioactive nutraceuticals from sanghuang mushrooms to develop functional foods for the prevention and treatment of UC. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Zuo
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, China
| | - Kaijing Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, China
| | - Yue Liang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, China
| | - Yifan Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, China
| | - Kangliang Sheng
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaowei Kong
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, China
| | - Jingmin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, China
| | - Fenfang Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, China
| | - Xiangdong Zha
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, China
| | - Yongzhong Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, China
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15
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Liang CH, Wu CY, Ho WJ, Liang ZC. Influences of carbon and nitrogen source addition, water content, and initial pH of grain medium on hispidin production of Phellinus linteus by solid-state fermentation. J Biosci Bioeng 2020; 130:616-621. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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16
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Jeon EJ, Cho YS, Kim AH, Shim JM, Kim YS, Piao Z, Shin YC, Kwon J. Enhanced alcohol degradation and hepatic protective effects of an Acetobacter Pasteurianus-derived product, CureZyme-ACE, in an acute intoxication rat model. Lab Anim Res 2020; 36:15. [PMID: 32518763 PMCID: PMC7275519 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-020-00050-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive alcohol consumption induces acute intoxication and various hepatic diseases. In this study, we investigated the effect of the CureZyme-ACE (CA), Acetobacter Pasteurianus (AP)-derived product, in acute intoxication rats. The ethanol and acetaldehyde levels of serum were lower in rats treated with CA than those who only treated ethanol. The activities of alcohol dehydrogenase and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase also recovered faster in the CA group than only-ethanol group. The transaminase levels (AST, ALT) in the CA group were significantly lower than only-ethanol group. In addition, Hepatic histological analyses and stomach wall were demonstrated that the CA-treated group recovered faster than only-ethanol group. With regard to most characteristics, we found that CA had dose-dependent effects. At high concentrations of CA, there were no differences in the tested parameters compared to those of normal rats. These findings indicate that CA reduces the serum alcohol concentration and some of the hepatic damage caused by alcohol intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jong Jeon
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National UniversityJeonbuk, 54596 Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Sang Cho
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National UniversityJeonbuk, 54596 Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ae-Hyang Kim
- Amicogen, Inc., Jinsung, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Min Shim
- Amicogen, Inc., Jinsung, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi-Soo Kim
- Amicogen, Inc., Jinsung, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhe Piao
- Amicogen, Inc., Jinsung, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jungkee Kwon
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National UniversityJeonbuk, 54596 Iksan, Republic of Korea
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Mushroom extracts and compounds with suppressive action on breast cancer: evidence from studies using cultured cancer cells, tumor-bearing animals, and clinical trials. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:4675-4703. [PMID: 32274562 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10476-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews mushrooms with anti-breast cancer activity. The mushrooms covered which are better known include the following: button mushroom Agaricus bisporus, Brazilian mushroom Agaricus blazei, Amauroderma rugosum, stout camphor fungus Antrodia camphorata, Jew's ear (black) fungus or black wood ear fungus Auricularia auricula-judae, reishi mushroom or Lingzhi Ganoderma lucidum, Ganoderma sinense, maitake mushroom or sheep's head mushroom Grifola frondosa, lion's mane mushroom or monkey head mushroom Hericium erinaceum, brown beech mushroom Hypsizigus marmoreus, sulfur polypore mushroom Laetiporus sulphureus, Lentinula edodes (shiitake mushroom), Phellinus linteus (Japanese "meshimakobu," Chinese "song gen," Korean "sanghwang," American "black hoof mushroom"), abalone mushroom Pleurotus abalonus, king oyster mushroom Pleurotus eryngii, oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus, tuckahoe or Fu Ling Poria cocos, and split gill mushroom Schizophyllum commune. Antineoplastic effectiveness in human clinical trials and mechanism of anticancer action have been reported for Antrodia camphorata, Cordyceps sinensis, Coriolus versicolor, Ganoderma lucidum, Grifola frondosa, and Lentinula edodes.
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18
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Kinetic Models for Glucosamine Production by Acid Hydrolysis of Chitin in Five Mushrooms. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/5084036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, glucosamine was produced by acid hydrolysis of five mushrooms. The glucosamine yields were investigated, and the optimum conditions were obtained as follows: acid type, sulfuric acid; acid concentration, 6 M; ratio of raw material to acid volume, 1 : 10; hydrolysis temperature, 100°C; and time, 6 h. Under these conditions, the glucosamine conversion from chitin content reached up to 92%. The results of hydrolysis kinetics indicated that hydrolysis of five mushrooms to glucosamine followed zero-order kinetics. Moreover, the relatively low activation energy for hydrolysis of straw mushroom (18.31 kJ/mol) and the highest glucosamine yield (56.8132 ± 3.5748 mg/g DM, 0.9824 g/g chitin) indicated that hydrolysis of straw mushroom was energy-saving. Thus, sulfuric acid hydrolysis of straw mushroom for glucosamine production should be considered as an efficient process for the future industrial application. However, further study is needed for glucosamine purification.
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19
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Varghese R, Dalvi YB, Lamrood PY, Shinde BP, Nair CKK. Historical and current perspectives on therapeutic potential of higher basidiomycetes: an overview. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:362. [PMID: 31572645 PMCID: PMC6749005 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1886-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mushrooms are macroscopic fungi which can be either epigeous or hypogeous and is estimated to be 140,000 on earth, yet only 10% are known. Since ancient time, it played a diverse role in human history for mycolatry, mycophagy and as medicine in folklore and religion. Many Asian and western countries consider mushrooms as panacea for a large number of diseases and utilized for consumption as a gourmet food for its taste as well as flavor. In recent years, scientific research fraternities have confirmed that various extracts and metabolites of mushrooms used traditionally are able to treat a wide range of diseases due to their balanced modulation of multiple targets thereby providing a greater therapeutic effect or equivalent curative effect to that of modern medicine. Medicinal mushrooms especially those belonging to higher basidiomycete groups are reservoir of bioactive compounds with multiple therapeutic properties. The present review provides historical importance as well as an updated information on pharmacologically relevant higher basidiomycetes belong to the genus Agaricus, Auricularia, Phellinus, Ganoderma, Pleurotus, Trametes and Lentinus and their biologically active secondary metabolites. This will help the researchers to understand various type of secondary metabolites, their therapeutic role and related in vivo or in vitro work at a glance. The mounting evidences from several scientific community across the globe, regarding various therapeutic applications of mushroom extracts, unarguably make it an advance research area worth mass attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby Varghese
- Pushpagiri Research Centre, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Tiruvalla, Kerala 689101 India
- MACFAST, Tiruvalla, Kerala India
| | - Yogesh Bharat Dalvi
- Pushpagiri Research Centre, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Tiruvalla, Kerala 689101 India
| | - Prasad Y. Lamrood
- Department of Botany, Ahmednagar College (Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University), Ahmednagar, Maharashtra India
| | - Bharat P. Shinde
- Vidya Pratishthan’s Arts Science Commerce College, Baramati, Maharashtra India
| | - C. K. K. Nair
- MACFAST, Tiruvalla, Kerala India
- St. Gregorios Dental College and Research Centre, Kothamangalam, Kerala India
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20
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Chen W, Tan H, Liu Q, Zheng X, Zhang H, Liu Y, Xu L. A Review: The Bioactivities and Pharmacological Applications of Phellinus linteus. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24101888. [PMID: 31100959 PMCID: PMC6572527 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24101888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Phellinus linteus is a popular medicinal mushroom that is widely used in China, Korea, Japan, and other Asian countries. P. linteus comprises various bioactive components, such as polysaccharides, triterpenoids, phenylpropanoids, and furans, and has proven to be an effective therapeutic agent in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment and the prevention of various diseases. A number of studies have reported that P. linteus possesses many biological activities useful for pharmacological applications, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antioxidative, and antifungal activities, as well as antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective effects. This review article briefly presents the recent progress made in understanding the bioactive components, biological activities, pharmacological applications, safety, and prospects of P. linteus, and provides helpful references and promising directions for further studies of P. linteus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
| | - Huiying Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
| | - Qian Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
| | - Xiaohua Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
| | - Hua Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
| | - Yuhong Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
| | - Lingchuan Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Fungi and Resource Development in Shandong Province, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
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21
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A new 2H-benzindazole compound from Alternaria alternata Shm-1, an endophytic fungus isolated from the fresh wild fruit of Phellinus igniarius. J Nat Med 2019; 73:620-626. [PMID: 30868543 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-019-01291-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Endophytic fungi have been shown in recent years to produce a series of bioactive secondary metabolites. Several endophytic fungi were isolated from the fresh wild body of Phellinus igniarius, and initially evaluated for their antimicrobial activity. Among which, Shm-1 extract showed moderate inhibitory activity against Clavibacter michiganense and the fungus was identified to be Alternaria alternata Shm-1 through the comparison of morphological characteristics and the sequence of the rDNA ITS with those of other Alternaria species. A new 2H-benzindazole derivative, alterindazolin A (1), has been isolated from cultures of the endophyte Alternaria alternata Shm-1. Its structure was characterized as 1-benzyl-5-p-hydroxy-phenyloxygen-benz[e]indazole by spectroscopic data analysis including 1D NMR, 2D NMR and MS spectrum.
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Guo J, Liu C, Zhang C, Wang J, Wang S, Liu X, Gao X, Wu X. Nitrous Acid and Diethyl Sulfate, as Chemical Mutagenic Agents, to Improve the Biomass, Metabolites, Enzyme Activity, and Antioxidant Activity of Wild Phellinus igniarius. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.25.459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinjing Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Engineering and Technology Research Center of Modern Hui Medicine, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education at Ningxia Medical University
| | - Cheng Liu
- Medical Scientific and technologic Center, Ningxia Medical University
| | - Caifang Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Engineering and Technology Research Center of Modern Hui Medicine, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education at Ningxia Medical University
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Engineering and Technology Research Center of Modern Hui Medicine, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education at Ningxia Medical University
| | - Sa Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Engineering and Technology Research Center of Modern Hui Medicine, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education at Ningxia Medical University
| | - Xiaoxi Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Engineering and Technology Research Center of Modern Hui Medicine, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education at Ningxia Medical University
| | - Xiaojuan Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Engineering and Technology Research Center of Modern Hui Medicine, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education at Ningxia Medical University
| | - Xiuli Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Engineering and Technology Research Center of Modern Hui Medicine, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education at Ningxia Medical University
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Naiki T, Naiki-Ito A, Iida K, Etani T, Kato H, Suzuki S, Yamashita Y, Kawai N, Yasui T, Takahashi S. GPX2 promotes development of bladder cancer with squamous cell differentiation through the control of apoptosis. Oncotarget 2018; 9:15847-15859. [PMID: 29662611 PMCID: PMC5882302 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we elucidated the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential of glutathione peroxidase 2 (GPX2) in bladder cancer. GPX2 expression gradually increased during progression from normal to papillary or nodular hyperplasia (PNHP) and urothelial carcinoma (UC) in a rat N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN)-induced bladder carcinogenesis model. GPX2 overexpression was more marked in UC with squamous differentiation (SqD) than in pure UC. Clinical intraepithelial lesions of papillary UC and invasive UC with SqD also had strong GPX2 expression in human radical cystectomy specimens. In addition, prognostic analysis using transurethral specimens revealed that low expression level of GPX2 predicted poor prognosis in patients with pure UC. Further, UC cell lines, BC31 and RT4, cultured in vitro also overexpressed GPX2. Knock-down of GPX2 induced significant inhibition of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, in addition to significant growth inhibition and increased apoptosis with activation of caspase 3 or 7 in both BC31 and RT4 cells. Interestingly, tumor growth of BC31 cells subcutaneously transplanted in nude mice was significantly caused the induction of apoptosis, as well as inhibition of angiogenesis and SqD by GPX2 down-regulation. Our findings demonstrated that GPX2 plays an important role in bladder carcinogenesis through the regulation of apoptosis against intracellular ROS, and may be considered as a novel biomarker or therapeutic target in bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Naiki
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Nephro-Urology, Nagoya City University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Aya Naiki-Ito
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keitaro Iida
- Department of Nephro-Urology, Nagoya City University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toshiki Etani
- Department of Nephro-Urology, Nagoya City University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kato
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shugo Suzuki
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoriko Yamashita
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Noriyasu Kawai
- Department of Nephro-Urology, Nagoya City University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yasui
- Department of Nephro-Urology, Nagoya City University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
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Roumeguère T, Sfeir J, El Rassy E, Albisinni S, Van Antwerpen P, Boudjeltia KZ, Farès N, Kattan J, Aoun F. Oxidative stress and prostatic diseases. Mol Clin Oncol 2017; 7:723-728. [PMID: 29181163 PMCID: PMC5700279 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2017.1413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostatic diseases are a common health problem among males in Western countries, and include chronic prostatic diseases, which have an unclear pathogenesis and few treatment options. In vitro and in vivo studies describe oxidative stress as a major pathway involved in the occurrence of benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostatic cancer and chronic prostatitis. Thus, the oxidative stress cascade is a potential target for the treatment of prostatic diseases. This paper presents a systematic review of the available data concerning the association between oxidative stress and the most common chronic prostatic diseases, and describes the available treatment options that act upon this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Roumeguère
- Department of Urology, University Clinics of Brussels, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Erasme Hôpital, 187793 Bruxelles, Belgium.,Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Unit 222, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Le Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Charleroi, 6042 Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Joseph Sfeir
- Department of Urology, Hôtel-Dieu de France University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut 166830, Lebanon
| | - Elie El Rassy
- Department of Oncology, Hôtel-Dieu de France University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut 166830, Lebanon
| | - Simone Albisinni
- Department of Urology, University Clinics of Brussels, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Erasme Hôpital, 187793 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Pierre Van Antwerpen
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Unit 222, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Le Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Charleroi, 6042 Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Karim Zouaoui Boudjeltia
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Unit 222, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Le Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Charleroi, 6042 Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Nassim Farès
- Research Laboratory of Physiology and PathoPhysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut 166830, Lebanon
| | - Joseph Kattan
- Department of Oncology, Hôtel-Dieu de France University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut 166830, Lebanon
| | - Fouad Aoun
- Department of Urology, Hôtel-Dieu de France University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut 166830, Lebanon.,Department of Urology, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1000 Bruxelles, Belgium
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Zhang P, Roytrakul S, Sutheerawattananonda M. Production and purification of glucosamine and angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides from mushroom hydrolysates. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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26
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Su HH, Chu YC, Liao JM, Wang YH, Jan MS, Lin CW, Wu CY, Tseng CY, Yen JC, Huang SS. Phellinus linteus Mycelium Alleviates Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury through Autophagic Regulation. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:175. [PMID: 28420993 PMCID: PMC5378821 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is rapidly increasing around the world and this disease is a major contributor to global morbidity and mortality. It is known that regulation of programmed cell death including apoptosis and autophagy reduces the impact of myocardial IR injury. In this study, the cardioprotective effects and underlying mechanisms of Phellinus linteus (Berk. and Curt.) Teng, Hymenochaetaceae (PL), a type of medicinal mushroom, were examined in rats subjected to myocardial IR injury. The left main coronary artery of rats was ligated for 1 h and reperfused for 3 h. The arrhythmia levels were monitored during the entire process and the infarct size was evaluated after myocardial IR injury. Furthermore, the expression levels of proteins in apoptotic and autophagic pathways were observed. Pretreatment with PL mycelium (PLM) significantly reduced ventricular arrhythmia and mortality due to myocardial IR injury. PLM also significantly decreased myocardial infarct size and plasma lactate dehydrogenase level after myocardial IR injury. Moreover, PLM administration resulted in decreased caspase 3 and caspase 9 activation and increased Bcl-2/Bax ratio. Phosphorylation level of AMPK was elevated while mTOR level was reduced. Becline-1 and p62 levels decreased. These findings suggest that PLM is effective in protecting the myocardium against IR injury. The mechanism involves mediation through suppressed pro-apoptotic signaling and regulation of autophagic signaling, including stimulation of AMPK-dependent pathway and inhibition of beclin-1-dependent pathway, resulting in enhancement of protective autophagy and inhibition of excessive autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsing-Hui Su
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chun Chu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiuan-Miaw Liao
- Department of Physiology, Chung Shan Medical University and Chung Shan Medical University HospitalTaichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsin Wang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical UniversityTaichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shiou Jan
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College, Chung Shan Medical UniversityTaichung, Taiwan.,Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Chung Shan Medical University HospitalTaichung, Taiwan.,Immunology Research Center, Chung Shan Medical UniversityTaichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Lin
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College, Chung Shan Medical UniversityTaichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Yeh Wu
- Department of Culinary Arts, Chung Chou University of Science and TechnologyChanghua, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Yin Tseng
- Department of Health Food, Chung Chou University of Science and TechnologyChanghua, Taiwan
| | - Jiin-Cherng Yen
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Shiang-Suo Huang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical UniversityTaichung, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacy, Chung Shan Medical University HospitalTaichung, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, Chung Shan Medical UniversityTaichung, Taiwan
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