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O’Shaughnessy M, Sheils O, Baird AM. The Lung Microbiome in COPD and Lung Cancer: Exploring the Potential of Metal-Based Drugs. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12296. [PMID: 37569672 PMCID: PMC10419288 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer 17 are two of the most prevalent and debilitating respiratory diseases worldwide, both associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. As major global health concerns, they impose a substantial burden on patients, healthcare systems, and society at large. Despite their distinct aetiologies, lung cancer and COPD share common risk factors, clinical features, and pathological pathways, which have spurred increasing research interest in their co-occurrence. One area of particular interest is the role of the lung microbiome in the development and progression of these diseases, including the transition from COPD to lung cancer. Exploring novel therapeutic strategies, such as metal-based drugs, offers a potential avenue for targeting the microbiome in these diseases to improve patient outcomes. This review aims to provide an overview of the current understanding of the lung microbiome, with a particular emphasis on COPD and lung cancer, and to discuss the potential of metal-based drugs as a therapeutic strategy for these conditions, specifically concerning targeting the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan O’Shaughnessy
- School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland
| | - Orla Sheils
- School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James’s Hospital, D08 RX0X Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anne-Marie Baird
- School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland
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Cao Y, Chen X, Shu L, Shi L, Wu M, Wang X, Deng K, Wei J, Yan J, Feng G. Analysis of the correlation between BMI and respiratory tract microbiota in acute exacerbation of COPD. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1161203. [PMID: 37180432 PMCID: PMC10166817 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1161203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the distribution differences in the respiratory tract microbiota of AECOPD patients in different BMI groups and explore its guiding value for treatment. Methods Sputum samples of thirty-eight AECOPD patients were collected. The patients were divided into low, normal and high BMI group. The sputum microbiota was sequenced by 16S rRNA detection technology, and the distribution of sputum microbiota was compared. Rarefaction curve, α-diversity, principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and measurement of sputum microbiota abundance in each group were performed and analyzed by bioinformatics methods. Results 1. The rarefaction curve in each BMI group reached a plateau. No significant differences were observed in the OTU total number or α-diversity index of microbiota in each group. PCoA showed significant differences in the distance matrix of sputum microbiota between the three groups, which was calculated by the Binary Jaccard and the Bray Curtis algorithm. 2. At the phylum level, most of the microbiota were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Fusobacteria. At the genus level, most were Streptococcus, Prevotella, Haemophilus, Neisseria and Bacteroides. 3. At the phylum level, the abundance of Proteobacteria in the low group was significantly higher than that in normal and high BMI groups, the abundances of Firmicutes in the low and normal groups were significantly lower than that in high BMI groups. At the genus level, the abundance of Haemophilus in the low group was significantly higher than that in high BMI group, and the abundances of Streptococcus in the low and normal BMI groups were significantly lower than that in the high BMI group. Conclusions 1. The sputum microbiota of AECOPD patients in different BMI groups covered almost all microbiota, and BMI had no significant association with total number of respiratory tract microbiota or α-diversity in AECOPD patients. However, there was a significant difference in the PCoA between different BMI groups. 2. The microbiota structure of AECOPD patients differed in different BMI groups. Gram-negative bacteria (G-) in the respiratory tract of patients predominated in the low BMI group, while gram-positive bacteria (G+) predominated in the high BMI group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Shu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingjing Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xueli Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kaili Deng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaxin Yan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ganzhu Feng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Pu J, Yi Q, Luo Y, Wei H, Ge H, Liu H, Li X, Zhang J, Pan P, Zhou H, Zhou C, Yi M, Cheng L, Liu L, Zhang J, Peng L, Aili A, Liu Y, Zhou H. Blood Eosinophils and Clinical Outcomes in Inpatients with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2023; 18:169-179. [PMID: 36879668 PMCID: PMC9985424 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s396311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The prognostic value of blood eosinophils in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) remains controversial. This study aimed to evaluate whether blood eosinophils could predict in-hospital mortality and other adverse outcomes in inpatients with AECOPD. Methods The patients hospitalized for AECOPD were prospectively enrolled from ten medical centers in China. Peripheral blood eosinophils were detected on admission, and the patients were divided into eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic groups with 2% as the cutoff value. The primary outcome was all-cause in-hospital mortality. Results A total of 12,831 AECOPD inpatients were included. The non-eosinophilic group was associated with higher in-hospital mortality than the eosinophilic group in the overall cohort (1.8% vs 0.7%, P < 0.001), the subgroup with pneumonia (2.3% vs 0.9%, P = 0.016) or with respiratory failure (2.2% vs 1.1%, P = 0.009), but not in the subgroup with ICU admission (8.4% vs 4.5%, P = 0.080). The lack of association still remained even after adjusting for confounding factors in subgroup with ICU admission. Being consistent across the overall cohort and all subgroups, non-eosinophilic AECOPD was also related to greater rates of invasive mechanical ventilation (4.3% vs 1.3%, P < 0.001), ICU admission (8.9% vs 4.2%, P < 0.001), and, unexpectedly, systemic corticosteroid usage (45.3% vs 31.7%, P < 0.001). Non-eosinophilic AECOPD was associated with longer hospital stay in the overall cohort and subgroup with respiratory failure (both P < 0.001) but not in those with pneumonia (P = 0.341) or ICU admission (P = 0.934). Conclusion Peripheral blood eosinophils on admission may be used as an effective biomarker to predict in-hospital mortality in most AECOPD inpatients, but not in patients admitted into ICU. Eosinophil-guided corticosteroid therapy should be further studied to better guide the administration of corticosteroids in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Pu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qun Yi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institution, Sichuan Cancer Center, Cancer Hospital Affiliate to School of Medicine, UESTC, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanming Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hailong Wei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiqing Ge
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiguo Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianhua Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First People's Hospital of Neijiang City, Neijiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianchu Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Pinhua Pan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Zhou
- West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengqiu Yi
- Department of Emergency, First People's Hospital of Jiujiang, Jiu Jiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Cheng
- Department of Emergency, First People's Hospital of Jiujiang, Jiu Jiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiarui Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lige Peng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Adila Aili
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Haixia Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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Zhang Y, He B, Wu L, Mi X, Zhang L, Li S, Wang J, Yu X. Exposure to particulate matter 2.5 leading to lung microbiome disorder and the alleviation effect of Auricularia auricular-judae polysaccharide. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2022; 35:651-664. [PMID: 35913271 PMCID: PMC10464723 DOI: 10.13075/ijomeh.1896.01742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the paper is to explore the role of lung microbiome disorder in lung tissue injury induced by exposure to particulate matter with a maximum diameter of 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and the alleviation effect of Auricularia auricular-judae polysaccharide (AAP). MATERIAL AND METHODS Sprague Dawley rats were given PM2.5 suspension at a dose of 20 mg/l twice a week for 8 weeks. Then, 100 mg/kg or 200 mg/kg of AAP was administered to the rats after PM2.5 exposure. The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue samples were collected at the end of the experiment. The BALF was meant to detect changes in lung microbiome by 16S sequences and cluster analysis, with the application of the principal component analysis and the partial least squares discriminant analysis. The levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and interleukin (IL)-4, IL-8, and IL-10 in lung tissue were detected by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. The pathological changes in lung tissue were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. RESULTS After PM2.5 exposure, the alveolar septum was widened, and the structures of alveolar walls were destroyed. There was inflammatory cells infiltration in the alveolar space and the interstitial space. Alpha diversity in BALF showed that the Chao1, ACE, Simpson, and Shannon values were increased, and the lung microbiome analysis revealed that the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Clostridium increased, while the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Akkermansia decreased. The contents of IFN-γ and IL-8 in lung tissue increased while the content of IL-10 decreased. After the administration of AAP, the alveolar structure damage was alleviated, and the interstitial hemorrhage, edema, and inflammatory cells infiltration were reduced. The Chao1 and ACE values decreased, and the taxonomic abundance values of Akkermansia were much higher. Simultaneously, the contents of IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-8 decreased, and the content of IL-10 increased. CONCLUSIONS It was found that PM2.5 resulted in lung microbiome disorder, which might lead to the inflammation of lung tissue. It was also revealed that AAP could alleviate the inflammatory damage of lung tissue induced by PM2.5. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2022;35(6):651-64.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanshu Zhang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
- Experiment Animal Center, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin He
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
- Experiment Animal Center, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wu
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyi Mi
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijin Zhang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Li
- Experiment Animal Center, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- Experiment Animal Center, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Yu
- School of Psychology and Mental Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
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Dang X, Kang Y, Wang X, Cao W, Li M, He Y, Pan X, Ye K, Xu D. Frequent exacerbators of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have distinguishable sputum microbiome signatures during clinical stability. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1037037. [PMID: 36532417 PMCID: PMC9753979 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1037037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Frequent exacerbation phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) represents a more concerning disease subgroup requiring better prevention and intervention, of which airway microbiome provides new perspective for further exploration. METHODS To investigate whether frequent exacerbators of COPD have distinguishable sputum microbiome during clinical stability, COPD patients at high disease grades with or without frequent exacerbation were recruited for sputum microbiome analysis. Sputum samples were collected during clinical stability and underwent 16S rRNA sequencing, which was then subjected for amplicon sequence variants (ASVs)-based microbiome analysis. RESULTS Our results revealed that compared with healthy controls and infrequent exacerbators, frequent COPD exacerbators have distinguishably dysbiotic sputum microbiome, as featured by fewer ASVs features, lower alpha diversity, distinct beta diversity patterns. Further taxonomic compositional analysis illustrated the structural distinctions between frequent COPD exacerbators and infrequent exacerbators at differential taxa levels and highlighted Stenotrephomonas due to its prominent elevation in frequent COPD exacerbators, providing a promising candidate for further exploration of microbiome biomarker. Moreover, we also demonstrated that frequent exacerbation phenotype is distinguishable from infrequent exacerbation phenotype with respect of functional implications. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated the first positive correlation between the frequent exacerbation phenotype of COPD and the sputum microbiome during clinical stability in a single-center Chinese COPD cohort and provide potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Dang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yongyong Kang
- Genome Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Center for Mathematical Medical, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaojian Wang
- Chang’an District Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wen Cao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Minhui Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ying He
- Chang’an District Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinjie Pan
- Chang’an District Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kai Ye
- Genome Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Center for Mathematical Medical, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Ministry of Education (MoE) Key Laboratory for Intelligent Networks and Network Security, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Ministry of Education (MoE) Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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De Nuccio F, Piscitelli P, Toraldo DM. Gut-lung Microbiota Interactions in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Potential Mechanisms Driving Progression to COPD and Epidemiological Data. Lung 2022; 200:773-781. [PMID: 36241745 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-022-00581-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This paper focuses on the gut-lung axis in the context of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), highlighting the key role played by microbial dysbiosis and the impact of environmental and genetic factors on the innate and acquired immune system and on chronic inflammation in the intestinal and pulmonary tracts. Recent evidence indicates that Antigen-Presenting Cells (APCs) perform regulatory activity influencing the composition of the microbiota. APCs (macrophages, dendritic cells, B cells) possess membrane receptors known as Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs), a category of toll-like receptors (TLRs). PRRs recognise distinct microbial structures and microbial metabolites called Signals, which modulate the saprophytic microbial equilibrium of the healthy microbiota by recognising molecular profiles associated with commensal microbes (Microbe-Associated Molecular Patterns, MAMPs). During dysbiosis, pathogenic bacteria can prompt an inflammatory response, producing PAMPs (Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns) thereby activating the proliferation of inflammatory response cells, both local and systemic. This series of regulatory and immune-response events is responsible (together with chronic infection, incorrect diet, obesity, etc.) for the systemic chronic inflammation (SCI) known as "low-grade inflammation" typical of COPD and IBD. This review looks at immunological research and explores the role of the microbiota, looking at two recent clinical studies, SPIROMICS and AERIS. There is a need for further clinical studies to characterize the pulmonary microbiota and to obtain new information about the pathogenesis of lung disease to improve our knowledge and treatment strategies and identify new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco De Nuccio
- Laboratory Human Anatomy, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
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van Kersen W, Bossers A, de Steenhuijsen Piters WAA, de Rooij MMT, Bonten M, Fluit AC, Heederik D, Paganelli FL, Rogers M, Viveen M, Bogaert D, Leavis HL, Smit LAM. Air pollution from livestock farms and the oropharyngeal microbiome of COPD patients and controls. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 169:107497. [PMID: 36088872 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution from livestock farms is known to affect respiratory health of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The mechanisms behind this relationship, however, remain poorly understood. We hypothesise that air pollutants could influence respiratory health through modulation of the airway microbiome. Therefore, we studied associations between air pollution exposure and the oropharyngeal microbiota (OPM) composition of COPD patients and controls in a livestock-dense area. Oropharyngeal swabs were collected from 99 community-based (mostly mild) COPD cases and 184 controls (baseline), and after 6 and 12 weeks. Participants were non-smokers or former smokers. Annual average livestock-related outdoor air pollution at the home address was predicted using dispersion modelling. OPM composition was analysed using 16S rRNA-based sequencing in all baseline samples and 6-week and 12-week repeated samples of 20 randomly selected subjects (n = 323 samples). A random selection of negative control swabs, taken every sampling day, were also included in the downstream analysis. Both farm-emitted endotoxin and PM10 levels were associated with increased OPM richness in COPD patients (p < 0.05) but not in controls. COPD case-control status was not associated with community structure, while correcting for known confounders (multivariate PERMANOVA p > 0.05). However, members of the genus Streptococcus were more abundant in COPD patients (Benjamini-Hochberg adjusted p < 0.01). Moderate correlation was found between ordinations of 20 subjects analysed at 0, 6, and 12 weeks (Procrustes r = 0.52 to 0.66; p < 0.05; Principal coordinate analysis of Bray-Curtis dissimilarity), indicating that the OPM is relatively stable over a 12 week period and that a single sample sufficiently represents the OPM. Air pollution from livestock farms is associated with OPM richness of COPD patients, suggesting that the OPM of COPD patients is susceptible to alterations induced by exposure to air pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warner van Kersen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Alex Bossers
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter A A de Steenhuijsen Piters
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Myrna M T de Rooij
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marc Bonten
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ad C Fluit
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Dick Heederik
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Malbert Rogers
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marco Viveen
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Debby Bogaert
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Helen L Leavis
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lidwien A M Smit
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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8
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Wang S, Zhou Q, Tian Y, Hu X. The Lung Microbiota Affects Pulmonary Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Induced by PM 2.5 Exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:12368-12379. [PMID: 35984995 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c08888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure causes respiratory diseases by inducing inflammation and oxidative stress. However, the correlation between the pulmonary microbiota and the progression of pulmonary inflammation and oxidative stress caused by PM2.5 is poorly understood. This study tested the hypothesis that the lung microbiota affects pulmonary inflammation and oxidative stress induced by PM2.5 exposure. Mice were exposed to PM2.5 intranasally for 12 days. Then, pulmonary microbiota transfer and antibiotic intervention were performed. Histological examinations, biomarker index detection, and transcriptome analyses were conducted. Characterization of the pulmonary microbiota using 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that its diversity decreased by 75.2% in PM2.5-exposed mice, with increased abundance of Proteobacteria and decreased abundance of Bacteroidota. The altered composition of the microbiota was significantly correlated with pulmonary inflammation and oxidative stress-related indicators. Intranasal transfer of the pulmonary microbiota from PM2.5-exposed mice affected pulmonary inflammation and oxidative stress caused by PM2.5, as shown by increased proinflammatory cytokine levels and dysregulated oxidative damage-related biomarkers. Antibiotic intervention during PM2.5 exposure alleviated pulmonary inflammation and oxidative damage in mice. The pulmonary microbiota also showed substantial changes after antibiotic treatment, as reflected by the increased microbiota diversity, decreased abundance of Proteobacteria and increased abundance of Bacteroidota. These results suggest that pulmonary microbial dysbiosis can promote and affect pulmonary inflammation and oxidative stress during PM2.5 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Qixing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yingze Tian
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiangang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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Toraldo DM, Rizzo E, Conte L. Effects of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) on lung microbiota and local immune response in long-term treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): utility of titration and therapeutic index. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2022; 395:849-858. [PMID: 35435466 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02237-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Administration of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) is one of the most controversial issues in the treatment of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Associations between these drugs and increased incidence of severe pneumonia and other respiratory infections have already been reported in literature, as well as effects on the immune system and on the lung microbiota. ICS vary in their pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, despite being widely considered therapeutically similar. The use of ICS requires, therefore, a deep knowledge of their pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics to obtain the maximum benefit and the least side effects. Defining new phenotypes-endotypes of COPD may lead to novel pharmacological and therapeutic scenarios while define the correct indications for prescription of ICS. Titration is certainly an important means by which these objectives can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Maurizio Toraldo
- Cardiorespiratory Rehabilitation Unit, Department of Rehabilitation, "V. Fazzi" Hospital, Lecce, Italy.
| | - Emanuele Rizzo
- Department of Prevention, Local Health Authority of Lecce (ASL Lecce), Lecce, Italy
| | - Luana Conte
- Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Research Applied to Medicine (DReAM), University of Salento and Local Health Authority of Lecce (ASL Lecce), "V. Fazzi" Hospital, Lecce, Italy.,Laboratory of Biomedical Physics and Environment, Department of Mathematics and Physics, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
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10
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Stankovic M, Veljovic K, Popovic N, Kojic S, Dunjic Manevski S, Radojkovic D, Golic N. Lactobacillus brevis BGZLS10-17 and Lb. plantarum BGPKM22 Exhibit Anti-Inflammatory Effect by Attenuation of NF-κB and MAPK Signaling in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105547. [PMID: 35628361 PMCID: PMC9146699 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchial epithelial cells are exposed to environmental influences, microbiota, and pathogens and also serve as a powerful effector that initiate and propagate inflammation by the release of pro-inflammatory mediators. Recent studies suggested that lung microbiota differ between inflammatory lung diseases and healthy lungs implicating their contribution in the modulation of lung immunity. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are natural inhabitants of healthy human lungs and also possess immunomodulatory effects, but so far, there are no studies investigating their anti-inflammatory potential in respiratory cells. In this study, we investigated immunomodulatory features of 21 natural LAB strains in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B). Our results show that several LAB strains reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine genes. We also demonstrated that two LAB strains, Lactobacillus brevis BGZLS10-17 and Lb. plantarum BGPKM22, effectively attenuated LPS-induced nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) nuclear translocation. Moreover, BGZLS10-17 and BGPKM22 reduced the activation of p38, extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK), and c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling cascade resulting in a reduction of pro-inflammatory mediator expressions in BEAS-2B cells. Collectively, the LAB strains BGZLS10-17 and BGPKM22 exhibited anti-inflammatory effects in BEAS-2B cells and could be employed to balance immune response in lungs and replenish diminished lung microbiota in chronic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Stankovic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.K.); (S.D.M.); (D.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Katarina Veljovic
- Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia; (K.V.); (N.P.); (N.G.)
| | - Nikola Popovic
- Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia; (K.V.); (N.P.); (N.G.)
| | - Snezana Kojic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.K.); (S.D.M.); (D.R.)
| | - Sofija Dunjic Manevski
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.K.); (S.D.M.); (D.R.)
| | - Dragica Radojkovic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.K.); (S.D.M.); (D.R.)
| | - Natasa Golic
- Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia; (K.V.); (N.P.); (N.G.)
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11
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Mkorombindo T, Balkissoon R. Journal Club: Biologics and Potential for Immune Modulation in Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASES (MIAMI, FLA.) 2022; 9:285-297. [PMID: 35487702 PMCID: PMC9166326 DOI: 10.15326/jcopdf.2022.0318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takudzwa Mkorombindo
- Lung Health Center, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
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12
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Weeks JR, Staples KJ, Spalluto CM, Watson A, Wilkinson TMA. The Role of Non-Typeable Haemophilus influenzae Biofilms in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:720742. [PMID: 34422683 PMCID: PMC8373199 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.720742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is an ubiquitous commensal-turned-pathogen that colonises the respiratory mucosa in airways diseases including Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). COPD is a progressive inflammatory syndrome of the lungs, encompassing chronic bronchitis that is characterised by mucus hypersecretion and impaired mucociliary clearance and creates a static, protective, humid, and nutrient-rich environment, with dysregulated mucosal immunity; a favourable environment for NTHi colonisation. Several recent large COPD cohort studies have reported NTHi as a significant and recurrent aetiological pathogen in acute exacerbations of COPD. NTHi proliferation has been associated with increased hospitalisation, disease severity, morbidity and significant lung microbiome shifts. However, some cohorts with patients at different severities of COPD do not report that NTHi is a significant aetiological pathogen in their COPD patients, indicating other obligate pathogens including Moraxella catarrhalis, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as the cause. NTHi is an ubiquitous organism across healthy non-smokers, healthy smokers and COPD patients from childhood to adulthood, but it currently remains unclear why NTHi becomes pathogenic in only some cohorts of COPD patients, and what behaviours, interactions and adaptations are driving this susceptibility. There is emerging evidence that biofilm-phase NTHi may play a significant role in COPD. NTHi displays many hallmarks of the biofilm lifestyle and expresses key biofilm formation-promoting genes. These include the autoinducer-mediated quorum sensing system, epithelial- and mucus-binding adhesins and expression of a protective, self-produced polymeric substance matrix. These NTHi biofilms exhibit extreme tolerance to antimicrobial treatments and the immune system as well as expressing synergistic interspecific interactions with other lung pathogens including S. pneumoniae and M. catarrhalis. Whilst the majority of our understanding surrounding NTHi as a biofilm arises from otitis media or in-vitro bacterial monoculture models, the role of NTHi biofilms in the COPD lung is now being studied. This review explores the evidence for the existence of NTHi biofilms and their impact in the COPD lung. Understanding the nature of chronic and recurrent NTHi infections in acute exacerbations of COPD could have important implications for clinical treatment and identification of novel bactericidal targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake R Weeks
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Karl J Staples
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - C Mirella Spalluto
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Alastair Watson
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Birmingham Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Tom M A Wilkinson
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
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13
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Slimmen LJM, Janssens HM, van Rossum AMC, Unger WWJ. Antigen-Presenting Cells in the Airways: Moderating Asymptomatic Bacterial Carriage. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10080945. [PMID: 34451409 PMCID: PMC8400527 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10080945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are a major global health burden, and the role of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in mounting an immune response to contain and clear invading pathogens is well-described. However, most encounters between a host and a bacterial pathogen do not result in symptomatic infection, but in asymptomatic carriage instead. The fact that a pathogen will cause infection in one individual, but not in another does not appear to be directly related to bacterial density, but rather depend on qualitative differences in the host response. Understanding the interactions between respiratory pathogens and airway APCs that result in asymptomatic carriage, will provide better insight into the factors that can skew this interaction towards infection. This review will discuss the currently available knowledge on airway APCs in the context of asymptomatic bacterial carriage along the entire respiratory tract. Furthermore, in order to interpret past and futures studies into this topic, we propose a standardized nomenclature of the different stages of carriage and infection, based on the pathogen’s position with regard to the epithelium and the amount of inflammation present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J. M. Slimmen
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Hettie M. Janssens
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Annemarie M. C. van Rossum
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Wendy W. J. Unger
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence:
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14
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Fahy WA, Homayoun-Valiani F, Cahn A, Robertson J, Templeton A, Meeraus WH, Wilson R, Lowings M, Marotti M, West SL, Tabberer M, Hessel EM. Nemiralisib in Patients with an Acute Exacerbation of COPD: Placebo-Controlled, Dose-Ranging Study. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2021; 16:1637-1646. [PMID: 34113095 PMCID: PMC8184152 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s309320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Management of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is sometimes inadequate leading to either prolonged duration and/or an increased risk of recurrent exacerbations in the period following the initial event. Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of inhaled nemiralisib, a phosphoinositide 3-kinase δ inhibitor, in patients experiencing an acute exacerbation of COPD. Patients and Methods In this double-blind, placebo-controlled study, COPD patients (40-80 years, ≥10 pack-year smoking history, current moderate/severe acute exacerbation of COPD requiring standard-of-care treatment) were randomized to placebo or nemiralisib 12.5 µg, 50 µg, 100 µg, 250 µg, 500 µg, or 750 µg (ratio of 3:1:1:1:1:1:3; N=938) for 12 weeks with an exploratory 12-week follow-up period. The primary endpoint was change from baseline in post-bronchodilator FEV1 at week 12. Key secondary endpoints were rate of re-exacerbations, patient-reported outcomes (Exacerbations of Chronic Pulmonary Disease Tool, COPD Assessment Test, St George's Respiratory Questionnaire-COPD), plasma pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety/tolerability. Results There was no difference in change from baseline FEV1 at week 12 between the nemiralisib and placebo treatment groups (posterior adjusted median difference, nemiralisib 750 µg and placebo: -0.004L (95% CrI: -0.051L to 0.042L)). Overall, there were also no differences between nemiralisib and placebo in secondary endpoints, including re-exacerbations. Plasma PK increased in a dose proportional manner. The most common adverse event for nemiralisib was post-inhalation cough which appeared to be dose-related. Conclusion The addition of nemiralisib to standard-of-care treatment for 12 weeks did not improve lung function or re-exacerbations in patients with, and following an acute exacerbation of COPD. However, this study demonstrated that large clinical trials recruiting acutely exacerbating patients can successfully be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Fahy
- Discovery Medicine, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, GSK House, Brentford, UK
| | | | - Anthony Cahn
- Discovery Medicine, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK
| | | | | | - Wilhelmine H Meeraus
- Respiratory Epidemiology, Value Evidence and Outcomes, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, GSK House, Brentford, UK
| | | | - Mike Lowings
- Regulatory Affairs, GlaxoSmithKline, GSK House, Brentford, UK
| | - Miriam Marotti
- Safety and Medical Governance, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, GSK House, Brentford, UK
| | - Sarah L West
- Global Clinical Operations, GlaxoSmithKline, GSK House, Brentford, UK
| | - Maggie Tabberer
- Value Evidence and Outcomes, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, GSK House, Brentford, UK
| | - Edith M Hessel
- Refractory Respiratory Inflammation Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK
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15
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Gülsen A, König IR, Jappe U, Drömann D. Effect of comorbid pulmonary disease on the severity of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Respirology 2021; 26:552-565. [PMID: 33955623 PMCID: PMC8207055 DOI: 10.1111/resp.14049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was first detected in Wuhan, China, in late 2019 and continues to spread worldwide. Persistent questions remain about the relationship between the severity of COVID‐19 and comorbid diseases, as well as other chronic pulmonary conditions. In this systematic review and meta‐analysis, we aimed to examine in detail whether the underlying chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), asthma and chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) were associated with an increased risk of more severe COVID‐19. A comprehensive literature search was performed using five international search engines. In the initial search, 722 articles were identified. After eliminating duplicate records and further consideration of eligibility criteria, 53 studies with 658,073 patients were included in the final analysis. COPD was present in 5.2% (2191/42,373) of patients with severe COVID‐19 and in 1.4% (4203/306,151) of patients with non‐severe COVID‐19 (random‐effects model; OR = 2.58, 95% CI = 1.99–3.34, Z = 7.15, p < 0.001). CRD was present in 8.6% (3780/44,041) of patients with severe COVID‐19 and in 5.7% (16,057/280,447) of patients with non‐severe COVID‐19 (random‐effects model; OR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.74–2.64, Z = 7.1, p < 0.001). Asthma was present in 2.3% (1873/81,319) of patients with severe COVID‐19 and in 2.2% (11,796/538,737) of patients with non‐severe COVID‐19 (random‐effects model; OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 0.79–1.60, Z = 0.66, p = 0.50). In conclusion, comorbid COPD and CRD were clearly associated with a higher severity of COVID‐19; however, no association between asthma and severe COVID‐19 was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Askin Gülsen
- Division of Clinical and Molecular Allergology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Allergy Outpatient Clinic, Department of Pneumology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Inke R König
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Uta Jappe
- Division of Clinical and Molecular Allergology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Allergy Outpatient Clinic, Department of Pneumology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Daniel Drömann
- Department of Pneumology, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
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16
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Magryś A. Microbiota: A Missing Link in The Pathogenesis of Chronic Lung Inflammatory Diseases. Pol J Microbiol 2021; 70:25-32. [PMID: 33815524 PMCID: PMC8008760 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2021-013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic respiratory diseases account for high morbidity and mortality, with asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cystic fibrosis (CF) being the most prevalent globally. Even though the diseases increase in prevalence, the exact underlying mechanisms have still not been fully understood. Despite their differences in nature, pathophysiologies, and clinical phenotypes, a growing body of evidence indicates that the presence of lung microbiota can shape the pathogenic processes underlying chronic inflammation, typically observed in the course of the diseases. Therefore, the characterization of the lung microbiota may shed new light on the pathogenesis of these diseases. Specifically, in chronic respiratory tract diseases, the human microbiota may contribute to the disease’s development and severity. The present review explores the role of the microbiota in the area of chronic pulmonary diseases, especially COPD, asthma, and CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Magryś
- Chair and Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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17
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Yang J, Yang J. Association Between Blood Eosinophils and Mortality in Critically Ill Patients with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2021; 16:281-288. [PMID: 33603354 PMCID: PMC7887152 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s289920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the relationship between the blood eosinophil concentrations in the early stage and mortality in critically ill patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. METHODS Patient data were extracted from the MIMIC-III V1.4 database. Only the acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with the first measurement time of blood eosinophil concentrations (%) between 24 hours before admission and 24 hours after admission was included. The logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between eosinophil and outcomes. RESULTS 1019 patients were included in the study. Two multivariate regression models were built. The adjusted odds ratio of in-hospital mortality, in-ICU mortality, hospital length of stay and ICU length of stay for initial blood eosinophil concentrations in model 1 (adjusted for SAPS Ⅱ, cardiac arrhythmias, solid tumor, metastatic cancer, liver disease, neutrophils) were 0.792 (95% CI: 0.643-0.976, p=0.028), 0.812 (95% CI: 0.645-1.022, p=0.076), 0.847 (95% CI: 0.772-0.930, p=0.001) and 0.914 (95% CI: 0.836-1.000, p=0.049) respectively. Meanwhile, in model 2 (adjusted for SOFA score, age, cardiac arrhythmias, solid tumor, metastatic cancer, liver disease, neutrophils) ORs were 0.785 (95% CI: 0.636-0.968, p=0.024), 0.807 (95% CI: 0.641-1.016, p=0.068), 0.854 (95% CI: 0.778-0.939, p=0.001) and 0.917 (95% CI: 0.838-1.004, p=0.060) respectively. The area under the ROC curve for eosinophil initial was 0.608 (95% CI: 0.559-0.657). The discriminatory eosinophil thresholds were 0.35% (sensitivity=0.59, specificity=0.61) for in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSION Increased blood eosinophils were associated with decreased in-hospital mortality and shorten hospital length of stay in critically ill patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A discriminatory eosinophil threshold of 0.35% for mortality was found, but further studies were needed to verify it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yang
- The First Clinical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junchao Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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18
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Rajeev R, Prathiviraj R, Kiran GS, Selvin J. Zoonotic evolution and implications of microbiome in viral transmission and infection. Virus Res 2020; 290:198175. [PMID: 33007342 PMCID: PMC7524452 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak and spread of new strains of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) remain a global threat with increasing cases in affected countries. The evolutionary tree of SARS-CoV-2 revealed that Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus 2, which belongs to the Beta arterivirus genus from the Arteriviridae family is possibly the most ancient ancestral origin of SARS-CoV-2 and other Coronaviridae. This review focuses on phylogenomic distribution and evolutionary lineage of zoonotic viral cross-species transmission of the Coronaviridae family and the implications of bat microbiome in zoonotic viral transmission and infection. The review also casts light on the role of the human microbiome in predicting and controlling viral infections. The significance of microbiome-mediated interventions in the treatment of viral infections is also discussed. Finally, the importance of synthetic viruses in the study of viral evolution and transmission is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya Rajeev
- Department of Microbiology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India.
| | - R Prathiviraj
- Department of Microbiology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India.
| | - George Seghal Kiran
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India.
| | - Joseph Selvin
- Department of Microbiology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India.
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19
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Sampson V, Kamona N, Sampson A. Could there be a link between oral hygiene and the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infections? Br Dent J 2020; 228:971-975. [PMID: 32591714 PMCID: PMC7319209 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-020-1747-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
On 30 January 2020, the World Health Organisation identified COVID-19, caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2, to be a global emergency. The risk factors already identified for developing complications from a COVID-19 infection are age, gender and comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, obesity and cardiovascular disease. These risk factors, however, do not account for the other 52% of deaths arising from COVID-19 in often seemingly healthy individuals. This paper investigates the potential link between SARS-CoV-2 and bacterial load, questioning whether bacteria may play a role in bacterial superinfections and complications such as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome and sepsis. The connection between COVID-19 complications and oral health and periodontal disease is also examined, as the comorbidities at highest risk of COVID-19 complications also cause imbalances in the oral microbiome and increase the risk of periodontal disease. We explore the connection between high bacterial load in the mouth and post-viral complications, and how improving oral health may reduce the risk of complications from COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nawar Kamona
- Centre for Nutrition Education & Lifestyle Management, London, RG40 1DH, UK
| | - Ariane Sampson
- Orthodontics, Cambridge University Hospital Trust, Cambridge, CB1 00Q, UK
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20
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Bouquet J, Tabor DE, Silver JS, Nair V, Tovchigrechko A, Griffin MP, Esser MT, Sellman BR, Jin H. Microbial burden and viral exacerbations in a longitudinal multicenter COPD cohort. Respir Res 2020; 21:77. [PMID: 32228581 PMCID: PMC7104712 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-01340-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by frequent exacerbation phenotypes independent of disease stage. Increasing evidence shows that the microbiota plays a role in disease progression and severity, but long-term and international multicenter assessment of the variations in viral and bacterial communities as drivers of exacerbations are lacking. METHODS Two-hundred severe COPD patients from Europe and North America were followed longitudinally for 3 years. We performed nucleic acid detection for 20 respiratory viruses and 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing to evaluate the bacterial microbiota in 1179 sputum samples collected at stable, acute exacerbation and follow-up visits. RESULTS Similar viral and bacterial taxa were found in patients from the USA compared to Bulgaria and Czech Republic but their microbiome diversity was significantly different (P < 0.001) and did not impact exacerbation rates. Virus infection was strongly associated with exacerbation events (P < 5E-20). Human rhinovirus (13.1%), coronavirus (5.1%) and influenza virus (3.6%) constitute the top viral pathogens in triggering exacerbation. Moraxella and Haemophilus were 5-fold and 1.6-fold more likely to be the dominating microbiota during an exacerbation event. Presence of Proteobacteria such as Pseudomonas or Staphylococcus amongst others, were associated with exacerbation events (OR > 0.17; P < 0.02) but more strongly associated with exacerbation frequency (OR > 0.39; P < 4E-10), as confirmed by longitudinal variations and biotyping of the bacterial microbiota, and suggesting a role of the microbiota in sensitizing the lung. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights bacterial taxa in lung sensitization and viral triggers in COPD exacerbations. It provides a global overview of the diverse targets for drug development and explores new microbiome analysis methods to guide future patient management applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Bouquet
- Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, USA.
| | - David E Tabor
- Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, USA
| | - Jonathan S Silver
- Respiratory Inflammation and Autoimmunity, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, USA
| | - Varsha Nair
- Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, USA
| | | | - M Pamela Griffin
- Respiratory Inflammation and Autoimmunity, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, USA
| | - Mark T Esser
- Microbial Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, USA
| | - Bret R Sellman
- Microbial Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, USA
| | - Hong Jin
- Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, USA
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21
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Conte L, Toraldo DM. Targeting the gut-lung microbiota axis by means of a high-fibre diet and probiotics may have anti-inflammatory effects in COVID-19 infection. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2020; 14:1753466620937170. [PMID: 32600125 PMCID: PMC7328354 DOI: 10.1177/1753466620937170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 1 is a 2019 novel coronavirus, which only in the European area has led to more than 300,000 cases with at least 21,000 deaths. This manuscript aims to speculate that the manipulation of the microbial patterns through the use of probiotics and dietary fibers consumption may contribute to reduce inflammation and strengthen the immune system response in COVID-19 infection. The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Conte
- Laboratory of InterDisciplinary
Research Applied to Medicine (DReAM), University of Salento and
ASL LE (Local Health Authority) at the “V. Fazzi” Hospital,
Lecce, 73100, Puglia, Italy
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